SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
(NO. 33-32548)

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

☒

Pre-Effective Amendment No.

☐

Post-Effective Amendment No. 129

☒

and

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
(NO. 811-05972)

UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940

Amendment No. 130

☒

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Declaration of Trust)

P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
Registrant’s Telephone Number (610) 669-1000

Tonya T. Robinson, Esquire
P.O. Box 876
Valley Forge, PA 19482

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)

☐

immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)

☒

on February 28, 2025, pursuant to paragraph (b)

☐

60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)

☐

75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

☐

on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485 If appropriate, check the following box:

☐

This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

 

Vanguard International Stock Index Funds

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Investor Shares

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Investor Shares (VEURX)
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor Shares (VPACX)
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor Shares (VEIEX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summaries
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	1
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	7
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	13
More on the Funds	21
The Funds and Vanguard	35
Investment Advisor	35
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	37
Share Price	41
Financial Highlights	43
Investing With Vanguard	46
Purchasing Shares	46

Converting Shares	49
Redeeming Shares	51
Exchanging Shares	55
Frequent-Trading Limitations	56
Other Rules You Should Know	58
Fund and Account Updates	62
Employer-Sponsored Plans	64
Contacting Vanguard	65
Additional Information	66
Glossary of Investment Terms	68

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of Europe.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.22 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.24 %

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$25	$77	$135	$306

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries—mostly companies in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany. Other countries represented in the Index include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of

2

falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to four countries (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Switzerland) subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share

3

classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced European Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Europe Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Investor Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	21.04 %	December 31, 2022
Lowest	-25.69 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes	1.90 %	4.81 %	5.11 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.22	4.12	4.40
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.83	3.72	3.99
FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22 %	4.92 %	5.30 %
Spliced European Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22	4.92	5.22
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

4

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

5

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of the Pacific region.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.22 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.23 %

7

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$24	$74	$130	$293

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in Japan, Australia, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S.

8

stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to Japan, Australia, and Korea subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of

9

the Fund. The Spliced Pacific Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	18.09 %	December 31, 2020
Lowest	-20.89 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes	1.15 %	3.11 %	4.98 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	0.40	2.45	4.31
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.13	2.37	3.88
FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06 %	3.44 %	5.24 %
Spliced Pacific Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06	3.44	5.18
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal

10

income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

11

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

12

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in emerging market countries.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.26 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.29 %

13

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$30	$93	$163	$368

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield. The Fund may become nondiversified, as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, solely as a result of an index rebalance or market movement.

14

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of

15

companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index.

• Nondiversification risk. Because the Fund seeks to closely track the composition of the Fund’s target index, from time to time, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in issuers representing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets due to an index rebalance or market movement, which would result in the Fund being nondiversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks, or even a single stock, and the Fund’s shares may experience significant fluctuations in value.

16

• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s assets are invested in the information technology sector, the Fund’s performance is impacted by the general condition of that sector. Companies in the information technology sector could be affected by, among other things, overall economic conditions, short product cycles, rapid obsolescence of products, competition, and government regulation. Sector risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

17

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The FTSE Emerging Index through November 1, 2015; the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Transition Index through September 18, 2016; and the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	19.84 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-24.59 %	March 31, 2020

18

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor Shares
Return Before Taxes	10.77 %	2.82 %	3.82 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	9.87	1.96	3.01
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	6.79	1.97	2.79
FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	11.63 %	3.39 %	4.24 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain

19

retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Investor Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

20

More on the Funds

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether a Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Funds’ Investor Shares. Separate prospectuses offer the Funds’ Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000, and Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. In addition, each Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by a Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Funds’ board of trustees, which oversees each Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote,

21

unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that each Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, each Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the types of stocks indicated by its name. A Fund may change its 80% policy or indexing strategy only upon 60 days‘ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

To track their target indexes as closely as possible, the Funds attempt to remain fully invested in the foreign stocks included in their particular indexes. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

Each Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is

22

important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time.

   

Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because each Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

23

Special risks of investing in China. The Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

24

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.  

Plain Talk About Regional Versus Broad International Investing

Regional funds are international funds that invest in a particular geographical

region, such as Europe or the Pacific region. Because they concentrate their

holdings in a single region, these funds typically have higher share price

volatility than broadly diversified international stock funds (which, by investing

in many different foreign markets, may offset losses from one country with

gains from another at any given time).

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

25

Security Selection

Each Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index that measures the return of a particular market segment. Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund use the replication method of indexing, meaning that a Fund generally holds the same stocks as its target index and in approximately the same proportions. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund uses the sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These include industry weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries. Four countries—the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany— represent a large portion of the Index. The other countries represented in the Index are much less significant to the Index and, consequently, to the Fund. The Fund’s heavy exposure to four countries subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap Pacific Basin companies. The Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets represent a large portion of the Index. The other markets represented in the Index are Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand. The Fund’s large investments in the 3 Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index, which is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world and is part of the FTSE China A Inclusion indexes, which contain FTSE China A All Cap Index securities adjusted for the aggregate approved QFII and RQFII quotas available to foreign investors. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield.

26

Emerging markets can be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than both U.S. markets and more developed foreign markets. Therefore, the Fund may expose investors to a higher degree of volatility and illiquidity than funds that invest in more developed markets.

Index investing and risks. Each Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, each Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for a Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, a Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to index sampling
risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the
Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low to moderate.

   

Each Fund (other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund) is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, each Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

27

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

Each Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for a Fund or cause a Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by a Fund and, as a result, a Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a

28

particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative

29

impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Depositary receipts. Each Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, each Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, a Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, a Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. Each Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Each Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

Each Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract

30

whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Funds will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund may use derivatives as an alternative method of economic exposure to China A-Shares.

The Funds may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Funds may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.
Each Fund’s target index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Cash Management

Each Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, each Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, each Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, each Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, a Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

31

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that each Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. A Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, a Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

32

Temporary Investment Measures

Each Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Funds’ best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Funds’ investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Funds’ investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and

33

regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: Each Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although each Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, a Fund may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Funds. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that a Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with

34

high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Funds and Vanguard

Each Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Funds through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Funds.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of each Fund’s average net assets as follows: for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, less than 0.01%.

35

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds’ board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in a Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Funds’ sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to a Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Funds have filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Funds may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved each Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders
covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

36

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, has managed Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016), and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Funds' Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Funds.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, each Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, a Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

37

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when a Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact a Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

38

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

Each Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that a Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

39

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Funds offered for sale in this prospectus are primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Funds. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Funds.

40

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

41

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Each Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Fund of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

42

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual report Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Investor Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$30.18	$26.83	$36.88	$26.63	$29.84
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.999	1.007	1.057	.982	.627
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	5.948	3.353	(10.041)	10.174	(3.221)
Total from Investment Operations	6.947	4.360	(8.984)	11.156	(2.594)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.037)	(1.010)	(1.066)	(.906)	(.616)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.037)	(1.010)	(1.066)	(.906)	(.616)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$36.09	$30.18	$26.83	$36.88	$26.63
Total Return2	23.10%	16.05%	-24.66%	42.12%	-8.68%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$11	$12	$12	$27	$19
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.24%3	0.24%3	0.25%3	0.23%	0.23%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.81%	3.15%	3.28%	2.82%	2.23%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.24%, 0.24%, and 0.25%, respectively.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

43

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Investor Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$12.30	$11.21	$15.40	$12.79	$13.01
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.340	.350	.386	.349	.283
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	1.876	1.097	(4.175)	2.600	(.209)
Total from Investment Operations	2.216	1.447	(3.789)	2.949	.074
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.416)	(.357)	(.401)	(.339)	(.294)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.416)	(.357)	(.401)	(.339)	(.294)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$14.10	$12.30	$11.21	$15.40	$12.79
Total Return2	18.13%	12.83%	-25.08%	23.09%	0.52%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$5	$6	$6	$12	$10
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.23%3	0.23%3	0.23%3	0.23%	0.23%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.43%	2.71%	2.87%	2.25%	2.28%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	5%	3%	6%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.23%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

44

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Investor Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$24.11	$22.40	$32.02	$27.86	$26.59
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.692	.696	.805	.670	.528
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	5.286	1.729	(9.574)	4.133	1.456
Total from Investment Operations	5.978	2.425	(8.769)	4.803	1.984
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.708)	(.715)	(.851)	(.643)	(.714)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.708)	(.715)	(.851)	(.643)	(.714)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$29.38	$24.11	$22.40	$32.02	$27.86
Total Return2	25.18%	10.72%	-27.83%	17.23%	7.55%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$67	$68	$92	$171	$162
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.29%3	0.29%3	0.29%3	0.29%	0.29%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.56%	2.74%	2.85%	2.05%	2.02%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	8%	5%	7%	9%	10%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.29%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

45

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Investor Shares

Investor Shares are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Other than these eligibility requirements, Investor Shares generally have no investment minimum.

46

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for Funds and share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

47

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by a Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in Proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

48

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

49

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the same Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by a Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

50

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by

51

electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

52

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

53

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by a Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Share certificates. Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

54

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

55

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that

56

invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

57

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

58

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

59

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

60

regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

Each Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or

61

options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

Each Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting

62

redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Funds’ investments and performance is available in the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Funds’ Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Funds' Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

63

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect a Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about a Fund or Vanguard, including those about a Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to a Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

64

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

65

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Investor Shares	6/18/1990	Europe	79	922042205
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
Investor Shares	6/18/1990	Pacific	72	922042106
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Investor Shares	5/4/1994	EmerMkt	533	922042304

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

66

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

67

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. Each Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Funds’ board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

68

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard International Stock Index Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual reports, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Funds’ annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual reports, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:
Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people
with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Funds’ Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 072 022025

 

Vanguard International Stock Index Funds

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

AdmiralTM Shares

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares (VEUSX)
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares (VPADX)
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares (VEMAX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summaries
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	1
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	7
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	13
More on the Funds	21
The Funds and Vanguard	35
Investment Advisor	35
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	37
Share Price	41
Financial Highlights	43
Investing With Vanguard	46
Purchasing Shares	46

Converting Shares	49
Redeeming Shares	51
Exchanging Shares	55
Frequent-Trading Limitations	56
Other Rules You Should Know	58
Fund and Account Updates	62
Employer-Sponsored Plans	64
Contacting Vanguard	65
Additional Information	66
Glossary of Investment Terms	68

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of Europe.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.07 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.08 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$8	$26	$45	$103

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries—mostly companies in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany. Other countries represented in the Index include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of

2

falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to four countries (the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany) subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral

3

Shares compare with those of of the Fund’s target index, and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced European Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Europe Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	21.09 %	December 31, 2022
Lowest	-25.69 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares
Return Before Taxes	2.03 %	4.94 %	5.26 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.33	4.22	4.51
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.94	3.83	4.10
FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22 %	4.92 %	5.30 %
Spliced European Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22	4.92	5.22
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

4

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

5

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of the Pacific region.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.08 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.09 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

7

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$9	$29	$51	$115

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in Japan, Australia, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S.

8

stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to Japan, Australia, and Korea subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

9

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Pacific Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	18.14 %	December 31, 2020
Lowest	-20.87 %	March 31, 2020

10

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares
Return Before Taxes	1.24 %	3.25 %	5.12 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	0.46	2.55	4.42
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.21	2.47	3.98
FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06 %	3.44 %	5.24 %
Spliced Pacific Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06	3.44	5.18
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The

11

minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

12

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in emerging market countries.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.10 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.13 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

13

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$13	$42	$73	$166

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield. The Fund may become nondiversified, as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, solely as a result of an index rebalance or market movement.

14

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of

15

companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index.

• Nondiversification risk. Because the Fund seeks to closely track the composition of the Fund’s target index, from time to time, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in issuers representing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets due to an index rebalance or market movement, which would result in the Fund being nondiversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks, or even a single stock, and the Fund’s shares may experience significant fluctuations in value.

16

• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s assets are invested in the information technology sector, the Fund’s performance is impacted by the general condition of that sector. Companies in the information technology sector could be affected by, among other things, overall economic conditions, short product cycles, rapid obsolescence of products, competition, and government regulation. Sector risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

17

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The FTSE Emerging Index through November 1, 2015; the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Transition Index through September 18, 2016; and the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	19.90 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-24.55 %	March 31, 2020

18

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares
Return Before Taxes	10.95 %	2.98 %	3.99 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	10.01	2.07	3.13
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	6.92	2.08	2.91
FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	11.63 %	3.39 %	4.24 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

19

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

20

More on the Funds

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether a Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Funds’ Admiral Shares. Separate prospectuses offer the Funds’ Investor Shares, which are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as fund of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard, and Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. In addition, each Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by a Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Funds’ board of trustees, which oversees each Fund’s management, may change investment

21

strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that each Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, each Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the types of stocks indicated by its name. A Fund may change its 80% policy or indexing strategy only upon 60 days‘ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

To track their target indexes as closely as possible, the Funds attempt to remain fully invested in the foreign stocks included in their particular indexes. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

Each Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

22

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time.

   

Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because each Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a

23

company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the

24

Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.  

Plain Talk About Regional Versus Broad International Investing

Regional funds are international funds that invest in a particular geographical

region, such as Europe or the Pacific region. Because they concentrate their

holdings in a single region, these funds typically have higher share price

volatility than broadly diversified international stock funds (which, by investing

in many different foreign markets, may offset losses from one country with

gains from another at any given time).

25

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

Each Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index that measures the return of a particular market segment. Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund use the replication method of indexing, meaning that a Fund generally holds the same stocks as its target index and in approximately the same proportions. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund uses the sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These include industry weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries. Four countries—the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany— represent a large portion of the Index. The other countries represented in the Index are much less significant to the Index and, consequently, to the Fund. The Fund’s heavy exposure to four countries subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap Pacific Basin companies. The Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets represent a large portion of the Index. The other markets represented in the Index are Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand. The Fund’s large investments in the 3 Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index, which is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world and is part of the FTSE China A Inclusion indexes, which contain FTSE China A All Cap Index securities adjusted for the aggregate approved QFII and RQFII quotas available to foreign investors. The Fund invests by sampling the

26

Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield.

Emerging markets can be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than both U.S. markets and more developed foreign markets. Therefore, the Fund may expose investors to a higher degree of volatility and illiquidity than funds that invest in more developed markets.

Index investing and risks. Each Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, each Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for a Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, a Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low to moderate.

   

Each Fund (other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund) is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, each Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent

27

differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

Each Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for a Fund or cause a Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by a Fund and, as a result, a Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in

28

place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed

29

Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Depositary receipts. Each Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, each Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, a Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, a Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. Each Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Each Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

30

Each Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Funds will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund may use derivatives as an alternative method of economic exposure to China A-Shares.

The Funds may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Funds may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.
Each Fund’s target index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Cash Management

Each Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, each Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, each Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, each Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, a Fund may work with larger clients to implement

31

their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that each Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. A Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, a Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions

32

in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

Each Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Funds’ best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Funds’ investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Funds’ investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund

33

shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: Each Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although each Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, a Fund may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition

34

of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Funds. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that a Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Funds and Vanguard

Each Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Funds through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Funds.

35

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of each Fund’s average net assets as follows: for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, less than 0.01%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds’ board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in a Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Funds’ sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to a Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Funds have filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Funds may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved each Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

36

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, has managed Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016), and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Funds' Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Funds.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, each Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, a Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be

37

distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when a Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact a Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

38

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

Each Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that a Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

39

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Funds offered for sale in this prospectus are primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Funds. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Funds.

40

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

41

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Each Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Fund of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

42

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$70.26	$62.47	$85.88	$62.01	$69.48
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	2.472	2.416	2.431	2.375	1.553
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	13.801	7.823	(23.251)	23.705	(7.502)
Total from Investment Operations	16.273	10.239	(20.820)	26.080	(5.949)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.523)	(2.449)	(2.590)	(2.210)	(1.521)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.523)	(2.449)	(2.590)	(2.210)	(1.521)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$84.01	$70.26	$62.47	$85.88	$62.01
Total Return2	23.25%	16.19%	-24.56%	42.30%	-8.55%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$4,875	$4,216	$3,745	$5,259	$3,795
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.11%3	0.11%3	0.13%3	0.10%	0.10%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.98%	3.24%	3.30%	2.93%	2.37%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.11%, 0.11%, and 0.13%, respectively.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

43

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$79.79	$72.71	$99.94	$83.00	$84.41
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	2.351	2.378	2.648	2.399	1.938
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	12.172	7.124	(27.155)	16.866	(1.354)
Total from Investment Operations	14.523	9.502	(24.507)	19.265	.584
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.823)	(2.422)	(2.723)	(2.325)	(1.994)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.823)	(2.422)	(2.723)	(2.325)	(1.994)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$91.49	$79.79	$72.71	$99.94	$83.00
Total Return2	18.33%	12.98%	-25.01%	23.25%	0.66%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$2,389	$2,154	$2,072	$2,834	$2,279
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.10%3	0.10%3	0.10%3	0.10%	0.10%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.58%	2.85%	3.06%	2.39%	2.40%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	5%	3%	6%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.10%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

44

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$31.64	$29.39	$42.04	$36.57	$34.91
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.967	1.002	1.145	.949	.784
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	6.927	2.241	(12.617)	5.432	1.870
Total from Investment Operations	7.894	3.243	(11.472)	6.381	2.654
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.984)	(.993)	(1.178)	(.911)	(.994)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.984)	(.993)	(1.178)	(.911)	(.994)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$38.55	$31.64	$29.39	$42.04	$36.57
Total Return2	25.35%	10.92%	-27.76%	17.44%	7.72%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$17,039	$14,094	$12,803	$17,690	$14,541
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.14%3	0.14%3	0.14%3	0.14%	0.14%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.71%	3.00%	3.11%	2.21%	2.28%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	8%	5%	7%	9%	10%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.14%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

45

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

46

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for Funds and share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

47

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by a Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in Proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

48

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

49

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the same Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by a Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

50

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by

51

electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

52

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

53

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by a Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Share certificates. Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

54

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

55

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that

56

invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

57

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

58

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

59

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

60

regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

Each Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or

61

options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

Each Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting

62

redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Funds’ investments and performance is available in the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Funds’ Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Funds' Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

63

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect a Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about a Fund or Vanguard, including those about a Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to a Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

64

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

65

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Admiral Shares	8/13/2001	EuropeAdml	579	922042809
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
Admiral Shares	8/13/2001	PacifAdml	572	922042700
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Admiral Shares	6/23/2006	EmMkAdml	5533	922042841

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

66

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

67

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. Each Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Funds’ board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

68

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard International Stock Index Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual reports, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Funds’ annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual reports, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:
Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Funds’ Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 572 022025

 

Vanguard International Stock Index Funds

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Institutional Shares & Institutional Plus Shares

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares (VESIX)
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares (VEUPX)
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares (VPKIX)
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares (VEMIX)
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares (VEMRX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summaries
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	1
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	7
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	12
More on the Funds	20
The Funds and Vanguard	34
Investment Advisor	35
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	37
Share Price	40
Financial Highlights	42
Investing With Vanguard	47
Purchasing Shares	47

Converting Shares	51
Redeeming Shares	52
Exchanging Shares	56
Frequent-Trading Limitations	57
Other Rules You Should Know	59
Fund and Account Updates	64
Employer-Sponsored Plans	65
Contacting Vanguard	66
Additional Information	67
Glossary of Investment Terms	69

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of Europe.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None	None
Purchase Fee	None	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None	None
Redemption Fee	None	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Management Fees	0.05 %	0.04%
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %	0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.06 %	0.05%

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

	1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
Institutional Shares	$6	$19	$34	$77
Institutional Plus Shares	$5	$16	$28	$64

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries—mostly companies in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany. Other countries represented in the Index include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to four countries (the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Switzerland) subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

3

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced European Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Europe Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	21.12 %	December 31, 2022
Lowest	-25.67 %	March 31, 2020

4

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	2.04 %	4.96 %	5.28 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.33	4.23	4.52
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.95	3.84	4.12
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares
Return Before Taxes	2.06 %	4.97 %	5.29 %
FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22 %	4.92 %	5.30 %
Spliced European Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22	4.92	5.22
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Institutional Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

5

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares is $5 million or $100 million, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of the Pacific region.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.05 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.07 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

7

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$7	$23	$40	$90

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in Japan, Australia, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S.

8

stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to Japan, Australia, and Korea subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of

9

the Fund. The Spliced Pacific Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	18.09 %	December 31, 2020
Lowest	-20.88 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	1.29 %	3.27 %	5.15 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	0.51	2.57	4.44
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.25	2.49	4.01
FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06 %	3.44 %	5.24 %
Spliced Pacific Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06	3.44	5.18
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal

10

income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares is $5 million. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

11

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in emerging market countries.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None	None
Purchase Fee	None	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None	None
Redemption Fee	None	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Management Fees	0.06 %	0.04%
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %	0.03%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.09 %	0.07%

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

12

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

	1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
Institutional Shares	$9	$29	$51	$115
Institutional Plus Shares	$7	$23	$40	$90

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield. The Fund may become nondiversified, as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, solely as a result of an index rebalance or market movement.

13

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities.

14

Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index.

• Nondiversification risk. Because the Fund seeks to closely track the composition of the Fund’s target index, from time to time, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in issuers representing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets due to an index rebalance or market movement, which would result in the Fund being nondiversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks, or even a single stock, and the Fund’s shares may experience significant fluctuations in value.

• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or

15

volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s assets are invested in the information technology sector, the Fund’s performance is impacted by the general condition of that sector. Companies in the information technology sector could be affected by, among other things, overall economic conditions, short product cycles, rapid obsolescence of products, competition, and government regulation. Sector risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

16

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The FTSE Emerging Index through November 1, 2015; the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Transition Index through September 18, 2016; and the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	19.89 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-24.56 %	March 31, 2020

17

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	11.00 %	3.02 %	4.03 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	10.04	2.09	3.15
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	6.95	2.11	2.93
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares
Return Before Taxes	11.03 %	3.04 %	4.05 %
FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	11.63 %	3.39 %	4.24 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Institutional Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

18

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares is $5 million or $100 million, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

19

More on the Funds

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether a Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Funds‘ Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares for the European Stock Index Fund and the Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. A separate prospectus offers the Funds’ AdmiralTM Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000, and Investor Shares, which are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. In addition, each Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by a Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

20

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Funds’ board of trustees, which oversees each Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that each Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, each Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the types of stocks indicated by its name. A Fund may change its 80% policy or indexing strategy only upon 60 days‘ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

To track their target indexes as closely as possible, the Funds attempt to remain fully invested in the foreign stocks included in their particular indexes. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

21

   

Each Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time.

   

Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because each Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and

22

economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other

23

foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.  

24

Plain Talk About Regional Versus Broad International Investing

Regional funds are international funds that invest in a particular geographical

region, such as Europe or the Pacific region. Because they concentrate their

holdings in a single region, these funds typically have higher share price

volatility than broadly diversified international stock funds (which, by investing

in many different foreign markets, may offset losses from one country with

gains from another at any given time).

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

Each Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index that measures the return of a particular market segment. Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund use the replication method of indexing, meaning that each Fund generally holds the same stocks as its target index and in approximately the same proportions. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund uses the sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These include industry weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries. Four countries—the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany— represent a large portion of the Index. The other countries represented in the Index are much less significant to the Index and, consequently, to the Fund. The Fund’s heavy exposure to four countries subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap Pacific Basin companies. The Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets represent a large portion of the Index. The other markets represented in the Index are Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand. The Fund’s large investments in the 3

25

Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index, which is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world and is part of the FTSE China A Inclusion indexes, which contain FTSE China A All Cap Index securities adjusted for the aggregate approved QFII and RQFII quotas available to foreign investors. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield.

Emerging markets can be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than both U.S. markets and more developed foreign markets. Therefore, the Fund may expose investors to a higher degree of volatility and illiquidity than funds that invest in more developed markets.

Index investing and risks. Each Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, each Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for a Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, a Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

26

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low to moderate.

   

Each Fund (other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund) is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, each Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

Each Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for a Fund or cause a Fund to experience tracking error.

27

The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by a Fund and, as a result, a Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and

28

character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Depositary receipts. Each Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, each Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, a Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, a Fund might opt to hold

29

depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. Each Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Each Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

Each Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Funds will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund may use derivatives as an alternative method of economic exposure to China A-Shares.

The Funds may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Funds may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.
Each Fund’s target index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

30

Cash Management

Each Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, each Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, each Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, each Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, a Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that each Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. A Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, a Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in

31

the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

Each Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Funds’ best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Funds’ investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Funds’ investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs.

32

These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

33

A precautionary note to investment companies: Each Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although each Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, each Fund may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Funds. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that a Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Funds and Vanguard

Each Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

34

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Funds through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Funds.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of each Fund’s average net assets as follows: for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, less than 0.01%.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds’ board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in a Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Funds’ sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to a Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Funds have filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Funds may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved each Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

35

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, has managed Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016), and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Funds' Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Funds.

36

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, each Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, a Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

37

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when a Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact a Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

38

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

Each Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that a Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of a Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

39

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Funds offered for sale in this prospectus are primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Funds. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Funds.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that

40

market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Each Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Fund of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

41

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$29.96	$26.64	$36.62	$26.44	$29.63
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.049	1.040	1.043	1.019	.667
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	5.904	3.331	(9.912)	10.110	(3.203)
Total from Investment Operations	6.953	4.371	(8.869)	11.129	(2.536)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.083)	(1.051)	(1.111)	(.949)	(.654)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.083)	(1.051)	(1.111)	(.949)	(.654)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$35.83	$29.96	$26.64	$36.62	$26.44
Total Return	23.29%	16.21%	-24.53%	42.34%	-8.54%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$845	$727	$649	$859	$710
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.09%2	0.09%2	0.11%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.96%	3.28%	3.33%	2.96%	2.39%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.09%, 0.09%, and 0.11%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

42

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$133.87	$119.02	$163.62	$118.14	$132.38
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	4.777	4.703	4.691	4.576	2.989
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	26.287	14.854	(44.312)	45.160	(14.294)
Total from Investment Operations	31.064	19.557	(39.621)	49.736	(11.305)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(4.854)	(4.707)	(4.979)	(4.256)	(2.935)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(4.854)	(4.707)	(4.979)	(4.256)	(2.935)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$160.08	$133.87	$119.02	$163.62	$118.14
Total Return	23.29%	16.23%	-24.53%	42.35%	-8.52%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$81	$74	$70	$106	$70
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.10%2	0.07%	0.07%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	3.02%	3.31%	3.34%	2.95%	2.40%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%, 0.08%, and 0.10%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

43

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$12.21	$11.13	$15.29	$12.70	$12.91
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.369	.367	.405	.366	.296
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	1.856	1.086	(4.146)	2.582	(.199)
Total from Investment Operations	2.225	1.453	(3.741)	2.948	.097
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.435)	(.373)	(.419)	(.358)	(.307)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.435)	(.373)	(.419)	(.358)	(.307)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$14.00	$12.21	$11.13	$15.29	$12.70
Total Return	18.35%	12.97%	-24.96%	23.25%	0.72%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$495	$379	$297	$416	$400
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.64%	2.87%	3.06%	2.39%	2.40%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	5%	3%	6%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

44

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$24.06	$22.35	$31.96	$27.81	$26.55
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.746	.777	.882	.736	.611
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	5.273	1.698	(9.585)	4.120	1.415
Total from Investment Operations	6.019	2.475	(8.703)	4.856	2.026
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.759)	(.765)	(.907)	(.706)	(.766)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.759)	(.765)	(.907)	(.706)	(.766)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$29.32	$24.06	$22.35	$31.96	$27.81
Total Return	25.43%	10.96%	-27.70%	17.45%	7.76%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$8,042	$6,627	$5,715	$7,791	$6,592
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.10%2	0.10%2	0.10%2	0.10%	0.10%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.75%	3.06%	3.15%	2.25%	2.34%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	8%	5%	7%	9%	10%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.10%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

45

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$80.02	$74.35	$106.33	$92.51	$88.32
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	2.506	2.557	2.931	2.412	2.123
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	17.536	5.672	(31.875)	13.779	4.635
Total from Investment Operations	20.042	8.229	(28.944)	16.191	6.758
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.542)	(2.559)	(3.036)	(2.371)	(2.568)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.542)	(2.559)	(3.036)	(2.371)	(2.568)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$97.52	$80.02	$74.35	$106.33	$92.51
Total Return	25.46%	10.96%	-27.70%	17.49%	7.78%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$5,257	$3,535	$3,572	$5,097	$4,645
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.78%	3.03%	3.14%	2.22%	2.45%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	8%	5%	7%	9%	10%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

46

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

47

Account Minimums for Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares

To open and maintain an account. Institutional Shares—$5 million; Institutional Plus Shares—$100 million. If you request Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for the requested share class, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can

48

purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for Funds and share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day

49

after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by a Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in Proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

50

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the same Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion

51

through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by a Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

52

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

53

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Funds.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

54

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by a Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

55

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Share certificates. Share certificates are no longer issued for Vanguard funds. Shares currently held in certificates cannot be redeemed, exchanged, converted, or transferred (reregistered) until you return the certificates (unsigned) to Vanguard by registered mail.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

56

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

57

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

58

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

59

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

60

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

61

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

Each Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

62

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors, when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

Each Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

63

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Funds’ investments and performance is available in the Funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Funds’ Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

64

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Funds' Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect a Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about a Fund or Vanguard, including those about a Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to a Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

65

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

66

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Institutional Shares	5/15/2000	EuroInst	235	922042502
Institutional Plus Shares	12/5/2014	EuroInstPl	1863	922042627
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
Institutional Shares	05/15/2000	PacInst	237	922042403
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Institutional Shares	6/22/2000	EmergInst	239	922042601
Institutional Plus Shares	12/15/2010	EmerMktInstPl	1865	922042650

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or

67

investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

68

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. Each Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Funds’ board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

69

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

70

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard International Stock Index Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual reports, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Funds’ annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual reports, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Funds or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division:
Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Funds’ Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 235 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF
Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF
Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on NYSE Arca

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VGK)
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VPL)
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VWO)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Funds through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

ETF Summaries
Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	1
Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF	8
Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF	15
Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares	23
More on the Funds and ETF Shares	25
The Funds and Vanguard	42

Investment Advisor	42
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	44
Share Price and Market Price	47
Additional Information	49
Financial Highlights	50
Glossary of Investment Terms	54

Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of Europe.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.05 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.06 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$6	$19	$34	$77

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries—mostly companies in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany. Other countries represented in the Index include Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to four countries (the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany) subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

3

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced European Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Europe Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

4

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard European Stock Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	21.11 %	December 31, 2022
Lowest	-25.66 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	2.04 %	4.97 %	5.28 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.33	4.24	4.52
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.95	3.85	4.11
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	1.89	4.87	5.27
FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22 %	4.92 %	5.30 %
Spliced European Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.22	4.92	5.22
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes

5

on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

6

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in the major markets of the Pacific region.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.05 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.07 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

8

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$7	$23	$40	$90

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in Japan, Australia, Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

9

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. The Index’s, and therefore the Fund’s, heavy exposure to Japan, Australia, and Korea subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the

10

secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The Spliced Pacific Stock Index reflects the performance of the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific Index through September 30, 2015, and the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

11

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	18.14 %	December 31, 2020
Lowest	-20.86 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	1.27 %	3.27 %	5.14 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	0.49	2.57	4.43
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	1.23	2.49	4.00
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	1.66	3.30	5.12
FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06 %	3.44 %	5.24 %
Spliced Pacific Stock Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.06	3.44	5.18
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes

12

on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

13

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

14

Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in emerging market countries.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.04 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.07 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical

15

expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$7	$23	$40	$90

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 8% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index. As of October 31, 2024, the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index is a market-capitalization weighted index that is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield. The Fund may become nondiversified, as defined under the Investment Company Act of 1940, solely as a result of an index rebalance or market movement.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S.

16

stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual

17

arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index.

• Nondiversification risk. Because the Fund seeks to closely track the composition of the Fund’s target index, from time to time, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets may be invested in issuers representing more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets due to an index rebalance or market movement, which would result in the Fund being nondiversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of relatively few stocks, or even a single stock, and the Fund’s shares may experience significant fluctuations in value.

• Sector risk, which is the chance that significant problems will affect a particular sector, or that returns from that sector will trail returns from the overall stock market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Daily fluctuations in specific market sectors are often more extreme or volatile than fluctuations in the overall market. Because a significant portion of the Fund’s assets are invested in the information technology sector, the Fund’s performance is impacted by the general condition of that sector. Companies in the information technology sector could be affected by, among other things, overall economic conditions, short product cycles, rapid obsolescence of products, competition, and government regulation. Sector risk is expected to be high for the Fund.

18

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The FTSE Emerging Index through November 1, 2015; the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Transition Index through September 18, 2016; and the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index thereafter. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

19

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	19.90 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-24.55 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	11.01 %	3.05 %	4.04 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	10.05	2.12	3.16
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	6.96	2.12	2.94
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	10.57	2.92	3.99
FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	11.63 %	3.39 %	4.24 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes

20

on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016).

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

21

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

22

Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. The following ETF Shares are offered through this prospectus: 

Vanguard Fund	Vanguard ETF Shares	Seeks to Track
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	Developed European stock markets
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF	Developed Australian and Far East stock markets
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF	Emerging stock markets in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America

In addition to ETF Shares, each Fund (other than Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund) offers four conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund offers three conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

23

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Funds are listed for trading on NYSE Arca. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

24

More on the Funds and ETF Shares

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether a Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Funds‘ ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. A separate prospectus offers the Funds’ AdmiralTM Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000, and Investor Shares, which are generally available only to Vanguard funds that operate as funds of funds and to certain retirement plan clients that receive recordkeeping services from Vanguard. Another prospectus offers the Funds‘ Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares for the European Stock Index Fund and the Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively.
 
All share classes offered by a Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes may have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns may differ.

A Note to Investors

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from a Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. 

25

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a

fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells

securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share classes

offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross

income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small

differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a

fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that each Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Funds’ board of trustees, which oversees each Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that each Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, each Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the types of stocks indicated by its name. A Fund may change its 80% policy or indexing strategy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

To track their target indexes as closely as possible, the Funds attempt to remain fully invested in the foreign stocks included in their particular indexes. 

26

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

Each Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time.

27

   

Each Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because each Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are

28

subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the

29

Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.  

Plain Talk About Regional Versus Broad International Investing

Regional funds are international funds that invest in a particular geographical

region, such as Europe or the Pacific region. Because they concentrate their

holdings in a single region, these funds typically have higher share price

volatility than broadly diversified international stock funds (which, by investing

in many different foreign markets, may offset losses from one country with

gains from another at any given time).

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of a Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

Each Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index that measures the return of a particular market segment. Vanguard European Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund use the replication method of indexing, meaning that each Fund generally holds the same stocks as

30

its target index and in approximately the same proportions. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund uses the sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These include industry weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 1,235 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in 16 European countries. Four countries—the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and Germany— represent a large portion of the Index. The other countries represented in the Index are much less significant to the Index and, consequently, to the Fund. The Fund’s heavy exposure to four countries subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index, which is made up of approximately 2,391 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap Pacific Basin companies. The Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets represent a large portion of the Index. The other markets represented in the Index are Hong Kong, Singapore, and New Zealand. The Fund’s large investments in the 3 Japanese, Australian, and Korean stock markets subjects the Fund to a higher degree of country risk than that of more geographically diversified international funds.

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund. The Fund invests in the common stocks included in the FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Inclusion Index, which is made up of approximately 4,727 common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-cap companies located in emerging markets around the world and is part of the FTSE China A Inclusion indexes, which contain FTSE China A All Cap Index securities adjusted for the aggregate approved QFII and RQFII quotas available to foreign investors. The Fund invests by sampling the Index, meaning that it holds a broadly diversified collection of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the Index in terms of key characteristics. These key characteristics include industry weightings and market capitalization, as well as certain financial measures, such as price/earnings ratio and dividend yield.

Emerging markets can be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than both U.S. markets and more developed foreign markets. Therefore, the Fund may expose investors to a higher degree of volatility and illiquidity than funds that invest in more developed markets.

31

Index investing and risks. Each Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, each Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for a Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, a Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low to moderate.

   

Each Fund (other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund) is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, each Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

32

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

Each Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for a Fund or cause a Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by a Fund and, as a result, a Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts

33

listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the

34

returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Depositary receipts. Each Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, each Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, a Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, a Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. Each Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

Each Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

Each Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Funds to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Funds will not use derivatives for speculation or

35

for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund may use derivatives as an alternative method of economic exposure to China A-Shares.

The Funds may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Funds may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.
Each Fund’s target index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Cash Management

Each Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, each Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by each Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Funds' Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, a Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of

36

shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

Each Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares

   

ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.

37

   

The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.

Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for each Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently each Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

   

An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.

   

Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

   

By investing in the ETF Shares of a fund that also offers conventional mutual fund shares, you could be subject to costs and/or tax impacts that you would not be subject to if you invested in exchange-traded shares offered by a fund without a conventional mutual fund share class. These costs include brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the Fund buying and selling portfolio securities in response to conventional mutual fund share class inflows and outflows, cash drag as a result of the Fund holding the cash necessary to satisfy conventional mutual fund share class transactions, and taxable capital gains distributions if the Fund has to sell portfolio holdings at a gain in order to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions.

38

Conversion Privilege

Owners of conventional shares issued by a Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services® or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

Your Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your

39

account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, all conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund’s conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

A precautionary note to investment companies: Each Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Shareholder Rights

Each Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively

40

hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Frequent Trading and Market-Timing

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Funds' Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of a Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Turnover Rate

Although the Funds generally seek to invest for the long term, each Fund may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Funds. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that a Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with

41

high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Funds and Vanguard

Each Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Funds through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Funds.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of each Fund’s average net assets as follows: for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, 0.01%; for Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, less than 0.01%.

42

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds’ board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in a Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Funds’ sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to a Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Funds have filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Funds may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved each Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed Vanguard European Stock Index Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

43

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund and Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, has managed Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund since 2008 (co-managed since 2016), and has co-managed Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Funds' Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Funds.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, each Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, each Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

From time to time, a Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

44

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Reinvestment of Distributions

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in a Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of a Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your ETF Shares, you may be

45

eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when a Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact a Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling your ETF Shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

Each Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that a Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any

46

amount designated as your portion of a Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Share Price and Market Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

47

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Each Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Fund of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or a Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for each Fund’s ETF Shares.

48

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
ETF Shares	3/4/2005 (Investor Shares 6/18/1990)	963	922042874
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
ETF Shares	3/4/2005 (Investor Shares 6/18/1990)	962	922042866
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
ETF Shares	3/4/2005 (Investor Shares 5/4/1994)	964	922042858

Certain affiliates of the Funds and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

49

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard European Stock Index Fund FTSE Europe ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$56.17	$49.95	$68.65	$49.57	$55.54
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.988	1.985	1.977	1.922	1.247
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	11.032	6.205	(18.595)	18.939	(5.990)
Total from Investment Operations	13.020	8.190	(16.618)	20.861	(4.743)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.030)	(1.970)	(2.082)	(1.781)	(1.227)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.030)	(1.970)	(2.082)	(1.781)	(1.227)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$67.16	$56.17	$49.95	$68.65	$49.57
Total Return	23.26%	16.23%	-24.54%	42.34%	-8.50%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$18,717	$16,494	$13,073	$21,547	$11,659
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.09%2	0.09%2	0.11%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	3.00%	3.33%	3.33%	2.95%	2.38%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	3%	4%	5%	3%	3%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.09%, 0.09%, and 0.11%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

50

Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund FTSE Pacific ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$64.49	$58.78	$80.80	$67.11	$68.25
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.917	1.944	2.158	1.993	1.577
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	9.840	5.738	(21.961)	13.594	(1.091)
Total from Investment Operations	11.757	7.682	(19.803)	15.587	.486
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.297)	(1.972)	(2.217)	(1.897)	(1.626)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.297)	(1.972)	(2.217)	(1.897)	(1.626)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$73.95	$64.49	$58.78	$80.80	$67.11
Total Return	18.36%	13.00%	-24.99%	23.27%	0.68%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$7,032	$6,162	$5,276	$5,463	$3,630
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.60%	2.88%	3.11%	2.45%	2.42%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	5%	3%	6%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

51

Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund FTSE Emerging Markets ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$38.04	$35.35	$50.55	$43.98	$41.99
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.189	1.230	1.410	1.186	.954
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	8.339	2.677	(15.163)	6.506	2.249
Total from Investment Operations	9.528	3.907	(13.753)	7.692	3.203
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.208)	(1.217)	(1.447)	(1.122)	(1.213)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.208)	(1.217)	(1.447)	(1.122)	(1.213)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$46.36	$38.04	$35.35	$50.55	$43.98
Total Return	25.46%	10.95%	-27.68%	17.51%	7.77%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$82,565	$68,051	$60,832	$80,116	$61,434
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%	0.10%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.77%	3.06%	3.19%	2.29%	2.31%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	8%	5%	7%	9%	10%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

52

 

 

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

53

Glossary of Investment Terms

Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.

Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

54

Joint Committed Credit Facility. Each Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Funds’ board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

55

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

56

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF, FTSE Pacific ETF, and FTSE Emerging Markets ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Funds’ investments is available in the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual reports , you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Funds’ annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds’ ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual reports , financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Funds are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Funds’ Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 963 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Admiral™ Shares

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Admiral Shares (VFWAX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	7
The Fund and Vanguard	20
Investment Advisor	20
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	22
Share Price	25
Financial Highlights	27

Investing With Vanguard	28
Purchasing Shares	28
Converting Shares	31
Redeeming Shares	33
Exchanging Shares	37
Frequent-Trading Limitations	37
Other Rules You Should Know	40
Fund and Account Updates	44
Employer-Sponsored Plans	46
Contacting Vanguard	47
Additional Information	48
Glossary of Investment Terms	49

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets outside of the United States.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.06 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.08 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$8	$26	$45	$103

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE All-World ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international markets, excluding the United States. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 3,694 stocks of companies located in 47 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, and Canada (which made up approximately 16%, 9%, 8%, and 7%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares),

3

which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and another comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund.

4

Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex US Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	17.46 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-23.69 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Admiral Shares
Return Before Taxes	5.44 %	4.39 %	5.12 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	4.64	3.64	4.37
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	3.77	3.33	3.95
FTSE All-World ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.80 %	4.53 %	5.18 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual

5

retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral Shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.
 
All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.08%, or $0.80 per $1,000 of

average net assets. The average expense ratio for international stock funds

in 2023 was 1.22%, or $12.20 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived

from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports

on the mutual fund industry).

 

7

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. In seeking to track its target index, the Fund invests in stocks that are predominantly large-cap and, to a lesser extent, mid- and small-cap. Historically, small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. The stock prices of small and mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

8

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

9

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to

10

escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market. 

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements

11

outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance. 

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE All-World ex US Index ($237 million to $2 trillion as of October 31, 2024). In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.

Indexing Strategy. The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

12

   

The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

13

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE All-World ex US Index. The FTSE All-World ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

14

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a

15

fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

16

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any

17

corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures

18

reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

19

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately

20

$8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

21

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

22

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

23

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

24

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

25

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

26

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$31.15	$28.46	$38.84	$30.66	$32.06
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.022	.993	1.069	.972	.750
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	6.221	2.703	(10.351)	8.121	(1.355)
Total from Investment Operations	7.243	3.696	(9.282)	9.093	(.605)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.083)	(1.006)	(1.098)	(.913)	(.795)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.083)	(1.006)	(1.098)	(.913)	(.795)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$37.31	$31.15	$28.46	$38.84	$30.66
Total Return2	23.48%	12.86%	-24.30%	29.76%	-1.89%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$8,590	$7,290	$6,804	$8,667	$6,919
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.12%3	0.11%3	0.12%3	0.11%	0.11%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.83%	3.02%	3.16%	2.56%	2.46%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	5%	4%	3%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.12%, 0.11%, and 0.12%, respectively.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

27

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

28

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—570).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

29

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

30

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs
and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

31

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

32

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by

33

electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

34

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

35

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional

36

documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other

37

than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

38

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

39

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

40

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

41

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

42

regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or

43

options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting

44

redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

45

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

46

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

47

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund
Admiral Shares	9/27/2011	FTAlWldInAdml	570	921937736

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

48

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

49

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

50

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan: Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 770 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on NYSE Arca

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund ETF Shares (VEU)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

ETF Summary	1
Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares	8
More on the Fund and ETF Shares	10
The Fund and Vanguard	26
Investment Advisor	26
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	27

Share Price and Market Price	30
Additional Information	33
Financial Highlights	34
Glossary of Investment Terms	36

ETF Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets outside of the United States.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.02 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.04 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$4	$13	$23	$51

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE All-World ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international markets, excluding the United States. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 3,694 stocks of companies located in 47 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, and Canada (which made up approximately 16%, 9%, 8%, and 7%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares),

3

which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the change that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

4

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

5

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	17.47 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-23.67 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	5.46 %	4.43 %	5.15 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	4.65	3.67	4.39
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	3.78	3.36	3.97
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	5.56	4.42	5.16
FTSE All-World ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.80 %	4.53 %	5.18 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

6

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. This prospectus describes Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers three conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on NYSE Arca. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may

8

pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

9

More on the Fund and ETF Shares

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively.
  All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ.

A Note to Investors

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. 

10

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted

from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets

of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees

and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund ETF

Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.04%, or $0.40 per $1,000 of average net

assets. The average expense ratio for international stock funds in 2023 was

1.22%, or $12.20 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data

provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the

fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a

fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells

securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share classes

offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross

income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small

differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a

fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. In seeking to track its target index, the Fund invests in stocks that are predominantly large-cap and, to a lesser extent, mid- and small-cap. Historically, small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. The stock prices of small and

11

mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

12

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign

13

investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to

14

whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market. 

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance. 

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE All-World ex US Index ($237 million to $2 trillion as of October 31, 2024). In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.
 
Indexing Strategy. The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

15

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

16

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE All-World ex US Index. The FTSE All-World ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

17

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership

18

limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

19

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase

20

shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares

   

ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.

21

   

The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.

Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

   

An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.

   

Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

   

By investing in the ETF Shares of a fund that also offers conventional mutual fund shares, you could be subject to costs and/or tax impacts that you would not be subject to if you invested in exchange-traded shares offered by a fund without a conventional mutual fund share class. These costs include brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the Fund buying and selling portfolio securities in response to conventional mutual fund share class inflows and outflows, cash drag as a result of the Fund holding the cash necessary to satisfy conventional mutual fund share class transactions, and taxable capital gains distributions if the Fund has to sell portfolio holdings at a gain in order to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions.

22

Conversion Privilege

Owners of conventional shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services® or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

Your Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your

23

account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, all conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund’s conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively

24

hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Frequent Trading and Market-Timing

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with

25

high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional

26

advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

27

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Reinvestment of Distributions

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the Depository Trust Company (DTC). If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.

28

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your ETF shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s ETF Shares investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling your ETF shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

29

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Share Price and Market Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

30

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

31

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares.

32

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund
ETF Shares	3/2/2007	991	922042775

  Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

33

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$50.11	$45.79	$62.49	$49.33	$51.58
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.663	1.618	1.749	1.604	1.211
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	10.001	4.341	(16.658)	13.047	(2.166)
Total from Investment Operations	11.664	5.959	(14.909)	14.651	(.955)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.764)	(1.639)	(1.791)	(1.491)	(1.295)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.764)	(1.639)	(1.791)	(1.491)	(1.295)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$60.01	$50.11	$45.79	$62.49	$49.33
Total Return	23.51%	12.90%	-24.27%	29.82%	-1.83%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$39,593	$32,768	$29,524	$35,493	$24,308
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.07%2	0.08%2	0.07%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.87%	3.06%	3.22%	2.62%	2.46%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	5%	4%	3%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%, 0.07%, and 0.08%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

34

  CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

35

Glossary of Investment Terms

Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.

Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

36

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund’s ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements , or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 991 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Institutional Shares & Institutional Plus Shares

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Shares (VFWSX) Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares (VFWPX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	7
The Fund and Vanguard	20
Investment Advisor	20
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	22
Share Price	25
Financial Highlights	27

Investing With Vanguard	29
Purchasing Shares	29
Converting Shares	33
Redeeming Shares	34
Exchanging Shares	38
Frequent-Trading Limitations	39
Other Rules You Should Know	41
Fund and Account Updates	46
Employer-Sponsored Plans	47
Contacting Vanguard	48
Additional Information	48
Glossary of Investment Terms	50

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets outside of the United States.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None	None
Purchase Fee	None	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None	None
Redemption Fee	None	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Management Fees	0.04 %	0.02%
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %	0.01%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.05 %	0.03%

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

	1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
Institutional Shares	$5	$16	$28	$64
Institutional Plus Shares	$3	$10	$17	$39

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE All-World ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international markets, excluding the United States. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 3,694 stocks of companies located in 47 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, and Canada (which made up approximately 16%, 9%, 8%, and 7%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares),

3

which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of the Fund’s target index and another comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to

4

those of the Fund. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	17.49 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-23.68 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	5.46 %	4.42 %	5.15 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	4.66	3.66	4.39
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	3.78	3.36	3.97
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares
Return Before Taxes	5.49 %	4.44 %	5.17 %
FTSE All-World ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.80 %	4.53 %	5.18 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or

5

upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Institutional Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares is $5 million or $100 million, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million and $100 million, respectively. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.
  All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index

Fund’s expense ratios would be as follows: for Institutional Shares, 0.05%, or

$0.50 per $1,000 of average net assets; for Institutional Plus Shares, 0.03%,

or $0.30 per $1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for

international stock funds in 2023 was 1.22%, or $12.20 per $1,000 of

average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson

Reuters Company, which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

7

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. In seeking to track its target index, the Fund invests in stocks that are predominantly large-cap and, to a lesser extent, mid- and small-cap. Historically, small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. The stock prices of small and mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

8

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

9

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to

10

escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market. 

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements

11

outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance. 

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world, excluding the United States. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE All-World ex US Index ($237 million to $2 trillion as of October 31, 2024). In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.

Indexing Strategy. The Fund attempts to replicate the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

12

   

The Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

13

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE All-World ex US Index. The FTSE All-World ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

14

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a

15

fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

16

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any

17

corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures

18

reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

19

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately

20

$8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

21

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

22

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

23

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

24

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

25

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

26

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$98.76	$90.23	$123.14	$97.19	$101.64
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	3.269	3.151	3.422	3.108	2.380
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	19.716	8.598	(32.817)	25.772	(4.281)
Total from Investment Operations	22.985	11.749	(29.395)	28.880	(1.901)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(3.465)	(3.219)	(3.515)	(2.930)	(2.549)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(3.465)	(3.219)	(3.515)	(2.930)	(2.549)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$118.28	$98.76	$90.23	$123.14	$97.19
Total Return	23.50%	12.89%	-24.28%	29.82%	-1.87%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$5,031	$4,401	$4,430	$5,753	$4,658
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.09%2	0.08%2	0.09%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.86%	3.02%	3.19%	2.58%	2.45%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	5%	4%	3%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.09%, 0.08%, and 0.09%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

27

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$104.58	$95.55	$130.41	$102.93	$107.63
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	3.465	3.395	3.572	3.312	2.548
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	20.899	9.066	(34.687)	27.296	(4.528)
Total from Investment Operations	24.364	12.461	(31.115)	30.608	(1.980)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(3.694)	(3.431)	(3.745)	(3.128)	(2.720)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(3.694)	(3.431)	(3.745)	(3.128)	(2.720)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$125.25	$104.58	$95.55	$130.41	$102.93
Total Return	23.53%	12.91%	-24.27%	29.84%	-1.83%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$3,533	$2,750	$2,749	$4,118	$3,311
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.07%2	0.06%2	0.07%2	0.06%	0.06%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.86%	3.08%	3.13%	2.60%	2.48%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	5%	4%	3%	5%	4%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.07%, 0.06%, and 0.07%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

28

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

29

Account Minimums for Institutional Shares and Institutional Plus Shares

To open and maintain an account. Institutional Shares—$5 million; Institutional Plus Shares—$100 million. If you request Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for the requested share class, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can

30

purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (e.g., Vanguard—xx). For a list of Fund numbers (for share classes in this prospectus), see Additional Information.

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day

31

after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

32

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from Admiral Shares to Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our

33

website (if you are registered for online access), or you may contact Vanguard by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

34

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

35

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

36

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

37

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

38

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

39

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

40

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

41

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

42

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

43

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to convert an investor’s Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares to another share class, as appropriate, if the investor’s fund account balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

44

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors, when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

45

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

46

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

47

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund
Institutional Shares	4/30/2007	FTAlWldIst	881	922042783
Institutional Plus Shares	12/16/2010	FTAlWdInPl	1866	922042635

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or

48

dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

49

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

50

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

51

   

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division: Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 881 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Admiral™ Shares

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Admiral Shares (VFSAX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	8
The Fund and Vanguard	22
Investment Advisor	22
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	23
Share Price	27
Financial Highlights	29

Investing With Vanguard	30
Purchasing Shares	30
Converting Shares	33
Redeeming Shares	35
Exchanging Shares	39
Frequent-Trading Limitations	39
Other Rules You Should Know	42
Fund and Account Updates	46
Employer-Sponsored Plans	48
Contacting Vanguard	49
Additional Information	49
Glossary of Investment Terms	51

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of international small-cap companies.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.14 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.17 %

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these

1

hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$17	$55	$96	$217

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 17% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international small-capitalization stocks. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 4,714 stocks of companies located in 44 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Canada, Japan, India, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 15%, 13%, 9%, and 9%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S.

2

stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks. Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future)

3

restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to

4

U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	24.09 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-29.69 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	Since Fund Inception	Fund Inception Date
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Admiral Shares				02/07/2019
Return Before Taxes	2.57 %	3.23 %	4.96 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.76	2.56	4.22
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	2.08	2.45	3.80
FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.99 %	3.36 %	5.04 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	6.05

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the

5

calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016).

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

6

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.   All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap

Index Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.17%, or $1.70 per

$1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for international

small-cap funds in 2023 was 1.36%, or $13.60 per $1,000 of average net

assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company,

which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

8

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of international small-cap companies.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $2 billion.

9

The Fund invests in companies that are smaller and generally less well known than larger, more widely held companies. Small companies tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger companies. Small companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, or they may depend on a limited management group. Their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volumes. As a result, the prices of these securities may fluctuate more than the prices of securities of larger, more widely traded companies. Also, there may be less publicly available information about small companies or less market interest in their securities as compared with larger companies, and it may take longer for the prices of these securities to reflect the full value of their issuers’ earnings potential or assets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater stock volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

10

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign

11

investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to

12

whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of international small-cap companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index ($1 million to $26 billion as of October 31, 2024). Historically, the stocks of these companies have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.

13

Indexing Strategy. The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, generally selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

14

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats

15

depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index. The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and

16

character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value

17

is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency

18

circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or

19

provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for

20

30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by a registered investment company/ registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Turnover rates for small-cap stock index funds tend to be higher than for large-cap stock index funds (although still relatively low, compared with actively managed stock funds) because the indexes they track are more likely to change as a result of companies merging, growing, or failing. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

21

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement

22

be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has worked in investment management since 2007, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December;

23

capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may

24

be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets

25

consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

26

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class offered by the Fund has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares,

27

including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

28

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$24.92	$23.69	$33.98	$25.37	$26.16
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.773	.763	.758	.626	.524
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	4.784	1.279	(10.319)	8.739	(.711)
Total from Investment Operations	5.557	2.042	(9.561)	9.365	(.187)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.827)	(.812)	(.729)	(.755)	(.603)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.827)	(.812)	(.729)	(.755)	(.603)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$29.65	$24.92	$23.69	$33.98	$25.37
Total Return2	22.49%	8.48%	-28.61%	37.22%	-0.84%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$1,440	$1,244	$1,174	$1,585	$1,110
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.17%3	0.17%3	0.16%3	0.16%	0.16%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.69%	2.86%	2.65%	1.94%	2.12%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	17%	14%	18%	17%	22%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.16%, 0.17%, and 0.16%, respectively.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

29

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

30

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—2284).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

31

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

32

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs
and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

33

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all Admiral Shares eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

34

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by

35

electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

36

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

37

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional

38

documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other

39

than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

40

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

41

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

42

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

43

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

44

regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or

45

options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting

46

redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

47

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

48

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund
Admiral Shares	2/7/2019	AWxUSSCAdml	2284	922042593

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP

49

Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

50

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

51

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

52

  

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:
Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people
with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 2284 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on NYSE Arca

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares (VSS)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

ETF Summary	1
Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares	9
More on the Fund and ETF Shares	11
The Fund and Vanguard	27
Investment Advisor	28
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	29

Share Price and Market Price	32
Additional Information	34
Financial Highlights	35
Glossary of Investment Terms	37

ETF Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of international small-cap companies.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.05 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.08 %

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$8	$26	$45	$103

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 17% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international small-capitalization stocks. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 4,714 stocks of companies located in 44 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Canada, Japan, India, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 15%, 13%, 9%, and 9%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks.

3

Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

4

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

5

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	24.10 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-29.68 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	2.67 %	3.32 %	4.72 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.83	2.63	3.94
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	2.15	2.52	3.58
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	2.88	3.38	4.75
FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.99 %	3.36 %	4.61 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes

6

on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016).

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

7

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

8

Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. This prospectus describes Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers two conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on NYSE Arca. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may

9

pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

10

More on the Fund and ETF Shares

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral Shares™, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million.

 All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ.

A Note to Investors

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. 

11

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted

from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets

of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees

and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index

Fund ETF Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.08%, or $0.80 per $1,000 of

average net assets. The average expense ratio for international small-cap

funds in 2023 was 1.36%, or $13.60 per $1,000 of average net assets

(derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which

reports on the fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a

fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells

securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share classes

offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross

income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small

differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a

fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of international small-cap companies.

12

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $2 billion.

The Fund invests in companies that are smaller and generally less well known than larger, more widely held companies. Small companies tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger companies. Small companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, or they may depend on a limited management group. Their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volumes. As a result, the prices of these securities may fluctuate more than the prices of securities of larger, more widely traded companies. Also, there may be less publicly available information about small companies or less market interest in their securities as compared with larger companies, and it may take longer for the prices of these securities to reflect the full value of their issuers’ earnings potential or assets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

13

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and

14

economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government

15

has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

16

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of international small-cap companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index ($1 million to $26 billion as of October 31, 2024). Historically, the stocks of these companies have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.

Indexing Strategy. The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, generally selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

17

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will

18

generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index. The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations

19

on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect

20

exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When

21

investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund.

22

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares

   

ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.

   

The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.

Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

   

An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.

23

   

Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

   

By investing in the ETF Shares of a fund that also offers conventional mutual fund shares, you could be subject to costs and/or tax impacts that you would not be subject to if you invested in exchange-traded shares offered by a fund without a conventional mutual fund share class. These costs include brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the Fund buying and selling portfolio securities in response to conventional mutual fund share class inflows and outflows, cash drag as a result of the Fund holding the cash necessary to satisfy conventional mutual fund share class transactions, and taxable capital gains distributions if the Fund has to sell portfolio holdings at a gain in order to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions.

Conversion Privilege

Owners of conventional shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services® or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker’s

24

omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

Your Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, all conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

25

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund’s conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by a registered investment company/ registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Frequent Trading and Market-Timing

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent

26

trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Turnover rates for small-cap stock index funds tend to be higher than for large-cap stock index funds (although still relatively low, compared with actively managed stock funds) because the indexes they track are more likely to change as a result of companies merging, growing, or failing. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

27

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

28

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has worked in investment management since 2007, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

29

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Reinvestment of Distributions

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet

30

certain holding-period requirements with respect to your ETF Shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s ETF Shares investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling your ETF Shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that

31

the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Share Price and Market Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

32

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares.

33

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund
ETF Shares	4/2/2009	3184	922042718

Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

34

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$100.93	$95.98	$137.63	$102.74	$105.96
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	3.221	3.202	3.157	2.770	2.177
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	19.402	5.135	(41.764)	35.250	(2.905)
Total from Investment Operations	22.623	8.337	(38.607)	38.020	(.728)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(3.453)	(3.387)	(3.043)	(3.130)	(2.492)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(3.453)	(3.387)	(3.043)	(3.130)	(2.492)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$120.10	$100.93	$95.98	$137.63	$102.74
Total Return	22.61%	8.57%	-28.52%	37.35%	-0.81%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$8,758	$7,243	$6,882	$9,941	$4,814
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.07%2	0.07%	0.11%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.77%	2.96%	2.72%	2.10%	2.17%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	17%	14%	18%	17%	22%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.07%, 0.08%, and 0.07%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

35

  London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

36

Glossary of Investment Terms

Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.

Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

37

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

38

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

39

   

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund’s ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements , or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 3184 022025

 

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Institutional Shares

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Institutional Shares (VFSNX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	8
The Fund and Vanguard	22
Investment Advisor	22
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	23
Share Price	27
Financial Highlights	29

Investing With Vanguard	30
Purchasing Shares	30
Converting Shares	33
Redeeming Shares	35
Exchanging Shares	39
Frequent-Trading Limitations	40
Other Rules You Should Know	42
Fund and Account Updates	46
Employer-Sponsored Plans	47
Contacting Vanguard	49
Additional Information	49
Glossary of Investment Terms	51

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of international small-cap companies.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.09 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.10 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$10	$32	$56	$128

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 17% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of international small-capitalization stocks. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 4,714 stocks of companies located in 44 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Canada, Japan, India, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 15%, 13%, 9%, and 9%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Special risks of investing in China. The Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to the country/regional, emerging markets, and currency risks described above, in addition to unique risks.

3

Investments economically tied to China are associated with considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. Risks described above may be more pronounced for the Fund. All of these factors, among others, could have negative impacts on the Fund. For example, the Fund may not be able to access its desired amount of shares of companies incorporated in China that trade on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges (A-shares) and/or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (H-shares), which may cause the Fund to miss out on desirable investment opportunities. Investments economically tied to China may be (or become in the future) restricted or sanctioned by the U.S. government or another government, which could cause these securities to decline in value or become less liquid. If the Fund’s holdings become impacted by restrictions or sanctions, the Fund may incur losses. Additionally, the Fund may gain exposure to certain companies in China through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to Chinese companies through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the U.S., and intervention by the U.S. government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

4

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and a comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Returns for the FTSE Indexes shown are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	24.10 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-29.68 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	2.63 %	3.28 %	4.71 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	1.81	2.60	3.93
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	2.12	2.49	3.57
FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	2.99 %	3.36 %	4.61 %
FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.52	4.42	5.13

5

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016).

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2016.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares is $5 million. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

6

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.
  All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap

Index Fund Institutional Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.10%, or $1.00 per

$1,000 of average net assets. The average expense ratio for international

small-cap funds in 2023 was 1.36%, or $13.60 per $1,000 of average net

assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company,

which reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

8

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests mainly in common stocks of international small-cap companies.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $2 billion.

9

The Fund invests in companies that are smaller and generally less well known than larger, more widely held companies. Small companies tend to be more vulnerable to adverse developments than larger companies. Small companies may have limited product lines, markets, or financial resources, or they may depend on a limited management group. Their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volumes. As a result, the prices of these securities may fluctuate more than the prices of securities of larger, more widely traded companies. Also, there may be less publicly available information about small companies or less market interest in their securities as compared with larger companies, and it may take longer for the prices of these securities to reflect the full value of their issuers’ earnings potential or assets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently. The stock prices of small companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, these companies tend to be more sensitive to changing economic conditions.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

10

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Geopolitical & Sanctions risk. Investing can be affected by geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism or other national security concerns, or global health crises. Due to growing dependencies between global economies, these geopolitical events can negatively affect global securities, markets, and economies. It is possible that events which only impact one country/region could have negative short- or long-term effects on markets, issuers, and/or foreign exchanges, in both the U.S. and other countries.

At times, the U.S. government, other governments, or other supranational bodies (e.g., the United Nations) may impose sanctions on countries and/or entities. Vanguard’s compliance with sanctions could impact the Fund, including the Fund’s ability to transact in or obtain exposure to certain foreign securities and assets. Sanctions also could cause significant losses to a Fund’s portfolio holdings and its returns could be negatively impacted. In lieu of sanctions, a company, or specific goods that a company produces, could be subjected to trade embargoes or tariffs which do not prohibit investing in the company but could impact the value of the company.

Special risks of investing in China. The Fund invests in companies or issuers economically tied to China, which subjects the Fund to risks not typically associated with investments in more established markets. Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to all of the foreign

11

investment risks described in this prospectus, as well as to the special risks and considerations discussed below. Foreign investment risks (country/regional risk, emerging markets risk, currency risk, and geopolitical and sanctions risk) may be more pronounced with respect to the Fund’s investments economically tied to China or for the Fund as a whole. Each of these factors could increase the Fund’s volatility, cause the Fund to incur losses, or otherwise impact the Fund’s performance.

Investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China are subject to considerable degrees of social and humanitarian, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty. For example, the Chinese government has historically exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing or seizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government’s monetary policy, which may include restricting currency access or devaluing Chinese currency, could have a negative impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively trade in the Chinese markets. China has ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), policymaking within China, assertions of human rights violations by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies. Concerns have also been raised regarding Chinese companies that engage in activities that potentially pose a national security threat to the United States and other countries. Actual or threatened responses to these activities, including sanctions or other restrictions (such as tariffs or embargoes) imposed by the United States or other countries, can significantly impact the Chinese economy and companies or issuers economically tied to China. The Chinese government may also itself impose trade restrictions on Chinese companies. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to the Fund if the Fund holds securities that are sanctioned. All of these factors could cause the Fund’s investments in companies or issuers economically tied to China to decline in value or become less liquid.

The Fund may be subject to additional risks depending on the types of Chinese securities in which it invests and how it gains exposure to those securities. Companies incorporated in China can issue different types of shares depending on the exchange on which the shares will trade and the types of investors to

12

whom the shares will be available. For example, A-shares are traded on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock exchanges and are available to the Fund through the China Stock Connect program (Stock Connect) or with a license granted under the qualified foreign investor (QFI) framework. To the extent that the Fund invests in A-shares, the Fund is subject to the risk that it will not be able to access its desired amount of A-shares through Stock Connect or a QFI license. There is no guarantee that the Chinese government will continue to allow investment through Stock Connect and/or the QFI framework. Investing through these channels is also subject to trading restrictions and suspensions and operational, clearing, and settlement risks. H-shares are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are generally available to all investors, but are subject to the risk that the Hong Kong stock market may have little to no correlation to the performance of the mainland Chinese stock market.

The Fund may also gain exposure to Chinese companies through legal structures known as variable interest entities (VIEs), which provide exposure to a Chinese company through contractual arrangements instead of equity ownership. Investing through a VIE does not offer the same level of investor protection as direct ownership and is subject to risks including breach of the contractual arrangements, difficulty in enforcing the contractual arrangements outside of the United States, and intervention by the Chinese government. These risks could significantly affect a VIE’s market value, which in turn could impact the Fund’s performance.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund attempts to track the investment performance of a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of international small-cap companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world. The companies in which the Fund invests will be within the capitalization range of the companies included in the FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index ($1 million to $26 billion as of October 31, 2024). Historically, the stocks of these companies have been more volatile than—and at times have performed quite differently from—large-cap stocks. In the future, the Index’s market capitalization range may be higher or lower, and the Fund’s investments may track a different index. Such changes may occur at any time and without notice to Fund shareholders.

13

Indexing strategy. The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, generally selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

14

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats

15

depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index. The FTSE Global Small Cap ex US Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and

16

character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value

17

is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its target index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency

18

circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or

19

provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for

20

30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. Turnover rates for small-cap stock index funds tend to be higher than for large-cap stock index funds (although still relatively low, compared with actively managed stock funds) because the indexes they track are more likely to change as a result of companies merging, growing, or failing. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

21

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement

22

be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Nicole Brubaker, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has been with Vanguard since 2014, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1999, has worked in investment management since 2007, has managed investment portfolios since 2010, and has managed the Fund since 2015 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., The Pennsylvania State University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2016. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some

23

other time during the year. You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

24

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that

25

the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

26

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This

27

most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

28

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$192.92	$183.43	$262.99	$196.33	$202.46
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	6.100	6.028	6.071	4.974	4.111
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	37.032	9.860	(79.906)	67.622	(5.479)
Total from Investment Operations	43.132	15.888	(73.835)	72.596	(1.368)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(6.512)	(6.398)	(5.725)	(5.936)	(4.762)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(6.512)	(6.398)	(5.725)	(5.936)	(4.762)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$229.54	$192.92	$183.43	$262.99	$196.33
Total Return	22.55%	8.52%	-28.55%	37.29%	-0.81%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$593	$493	$366	$395	$258
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.12%2	0.12%2	0.11%2	0.11%	0.11%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	2.74%	2.92%	2.76%	1.99%	2.13%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	17%	14%	18%	17%	22%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.11%, 0.12%, and 0.11%, respectively.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

29

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Institutional Shares

To open and maintain an account. $5 million. If you request Institutional Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Institutional Shares, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

30

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

31

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—884).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

32

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of

33

shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the Fund, provided that your account meets all Institutional Shares eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or

34

recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

35

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

36

disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make

37

additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone.

38

You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

39

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

40

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If

41

necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

42

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

43

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial

44

intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to convert an investor’s Institutional Shares to another share class, as appropriate, if the fund account balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors, when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

45

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important

46

that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

47

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

48

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund
Institutional Shares	4/2/2009	AWxUSSCIst	884	922042726

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP

49

Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

50

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index. An index consisting of large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks globally, excluding the U.S. The index is derived from the FTSE Global Equity Index Series (GEIS), which covers approximately 98% of the world’s investable market capitalization.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

51

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

52

  

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division:
Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 884 022025

 

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Admiral™ Shares

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares (VGRLX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	7
The Fund and Vanguard	20
Investment Advisor	20
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	22
Share Price	25
Financial Highlights	27

Investing With Vanguard	28
Purchasing Shares	28
Converting Shares	32
Redeeming Shares	33
Exchanging Shares	38
Frequent-Trading Limitations	39
Other Rules You Should Know	41
Fund and Account Updates	46
Employer-Sponsored Plans	47
Contacting Vanguard	48
Additional Information	49
Glossary of Investment Terms	51

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of international real estate stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	0.25 %
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	0.25 %
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.10 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.02 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.12 %

1

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. The first example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$63	$92	$124	$219

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your investment (the difference being that the Fund’s 0.25% redemption fee would not apply to any of the following periods, as it would to those in the preceding example): 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$37	$64	$93	$178

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 7% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index that measures the equity market performance of international real estate stocks in both developed and emerging markets. The Index is composed of stocks of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs) and certain real estate management and development companies (REMDs). The Fund attempts to replicate the Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high. The real estate industry can be adversely affected by, among other things, the value of securities of issuers in the real estate industry, including REITs and REMDs, and changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates, and demographics.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities— which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

3

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Derivatives risk. The Fund may invest in derivatives, which may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares (including annual fund operating expenses but excluding shareholder fees) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. If applicable shareholder fees were reflected, returns would be less than those shown in the bar chart. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares (including annual fund operating expenses and any applicable shareholder fees) compare with those of the Fund’s target index and another comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. MSCI ACWI ex USA Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

4

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	16.29 %	September 30, 2024
Lowest	-27.78 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares
Return Before Taxes	-2.96 %	-4.66 %	0.95 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	-4.54	-5.67	-0.45
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	-1.38	-3.67	0.35
S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-2.56 %	-4.90 %	0.58 %
MSCI ACWI ex USA Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.53	4.10	4.80

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

5

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2015.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral Shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index

Fund Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.12%, or $1.20 per $1,000 of

average net assets. The average expense ratio for international real estate

funds in 2023 was 1.04%, or $10.40 per $1,000 of average net assets

(derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which

reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

7

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests in stocks of publicly traded international equity real estate investment trusts and real estate management and development companies in both developed and emerging markets. 

8

Plain Talk About REITs and REMDs

Rather than directly owning properties—which can be costly and difficult to

convert into cash when needed—some investors buy shares in a company

that owns and manages real estate. Such a company is known as a real

estate investment trust, or REIT. REITs offer investors greater liquidity and

diversification than direct ownership of a handful of properties. REITs also

offer the potential for higher income than an investment in common stocks

would provide. As with any investment in real estate, however, a REIT’s

performance depends on specific factors, such as the company’s ability to

find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property

purchases and renovations. That said, returns from REITs may not

correspond to returns from direct property ownership.

 

Real estate management and development companies (REMDs) include

companies engaged in real estate development, management, and rental

and/or direct investment in physical property.

   

The Fund is subject to industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high.

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities—which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

Because of its emphasis on real estate stocks, the Fund’s performance may at times be linked to the ups and downs of the real estate market. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including supply and demand for properties, the economic health of a country as well as different regions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, the performance of an individual REIT or REMD company depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well it manages those properties. For instance, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses due to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. In addition, many real estate issuers, including REITs, utilize leverage (and some

9

may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect the issuer’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.
 
Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $5.2 billion. Securities in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index span the capitalization spectrum, although many REITs and other real estate-related issuers tend to be small to mid-size issuers in relation to the equity markets as a whole.
 
The stock prices of small and mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, small companies often have fewer customers, financial resources, and products compared to larger firms. Such characteristics can make small and mid-size companies more sensitive to changing economic conditions. The Fund is subject to additional risk because of the concentration of its investments in the real estate sector. This focus on a single sector may result in more risk than that of a more diversified, multisector portfolio.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

10

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of its target index, the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index.
 
The Fund attempts to hold each stock contained in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index in roughly the same proportion as represented in the Index itself. For example, if 5% of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index were made up of a specific real estate security, the Fund would invest approximately

11

the same percentage of its assets in that stock.
 
The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index consists of more than 644 securities in 39 markets. The Index includes companies that derive more than 60% of their revenue from real estate-related activities. Real estate agents, brokers, appraisers, and companies that build residential units for sale to homeowners are excluded from the Index. Developed and emerging markets account for approximately 80% and 20%, respectively, of the Index. Most of the emerging markets exposure (approximately 24% as of October 31, 2024) consists of REMD securities. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China (which made up approximately 21%, 12%, 8%, 7%, 6%, and 5%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). As of October 31, 2024, large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks accounted for approximately 26%, 46%, and 27%, respectively, of the Index.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

Each Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses

12

and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries

13

(for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief

14

upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

In addition to investing in international real estate securities, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its investment objective.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. 

15

Plain Talk About Derivatives

Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as

exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or

indexes—have been trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These

types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and

sold and whose market values are determined and published daily. On the

other hand, non-exchange-traded derivatives—such as certain swap

agreements—tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more

difficult to accurately value.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

16

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

17

Purchase and Redemption Fees

The Fund charges a 0.25% fee on all purchases of its shares, including shares you purchase by exchange from another Vanguard fund. In addition, the Fund charges a 0.25% fee on redemptions of its shares. The fee applies if you redeem shares by selling or by exchanging to another Vanguard fund or if Vanguard liquidates your Fund account because the balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation.
  Unlike a sales charge or a load paid to a broker or a fund management company, purchase and redemption fees are paid directly to the Fund to offset the costs of buying and selling securities.
  See Investing With Vanguard for more information about fees.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

18

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the

19

greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

20

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2015. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

21

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each year, the Fund pays out to shareholders virtually all of the distributions it receives from its international real estate investments, less expenses. Distributions may include income and short-term or long-term capital gains. The Fund may also realize capital gains on the sale of its international real estate investments. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Distributions of these gains, if any, generally are included in the December distribution. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may

22

be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets

23

consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

24

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares,

25

including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

26

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$22.63	$22.73	$34.80	$28.51	$36.84
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.983	.995	1.017	1.302	1.079
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	3.841	(.954)	(11.332)	5.656	(7.199)
Total from Investment Operations	4.824	.041	(10.315)	6.958	(6.120)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.964)	(.141)	(1.755)	(.668)	(2.210)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.964)	(.141)	(1.755)	(.668)	(2.210)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$26.49	$22.63	$22.73	$34.80	$28.51
Total Return2	21.54%	0.12%	-31.06%	24.48%	-17.71%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$279	$280	$313	$499	$421
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.12%3	0.12%3	0.12%	0.12%	0.12%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	3.86%	4.00%	3.47%	3.80%	3.49%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	7%	5%	10%	7%	11%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include transaction or account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable transaction and account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.12%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

27

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

28

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—1758).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

29

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

30

Purchase Fee

The Fund charges a purchase fee of 0.25% on all share purchases, including shares purchased by exchange from another Vanguard fund. The purchase fee is deducted from the amount of each new purchase and is paid directly to the Fund to offset the cost of buying securities.

Purchase fees will not apply to Vanguard fund account purchases in the following circumstances: (1) purchases of shares through reinvested dividends or capital gains distributions; (2) share transfers, rollovers, or reregistrations within the same fund; (3) conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; (4) purchases in kind; and (5) share rollovers to an IRA within the same Vanguard fund for plans in which Vanguard serves as a recordkeeper.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs
and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

31

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the same fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

32

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

33

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

34

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If

35

the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Redemption Fee

The Fund charges a 0.25% redemption fee. The fee applies if you redeem shares by selling or by exchanging to another Vanguard fund or if Vanguard liquidates your Fund account because the balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. The fee is withheld from redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the Fund.

Redemption fees will not apply to Vanguard fund account redemptions in the following circumstances: (1) redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; redemptions of shares to revoke an IRA within the period of time set forth in the Vanguard Traditional IRA, SEP-IRA, and Roth IRA Disclosure Statement; redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain Vanguard Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans); and redemptions from Section 529 college savings plans; (2) share transfers, rollovers, or reregistrations within the same fund; (3) conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; (4) redemptions in kind; and (5) for a one-year period, share rollovers to an IRA held at Vanguard from a retirement plan for which Vanguard serves as a recordkeeper.*
 

36

Also, participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans* will not incur redemption fees for the following: exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions or transfers of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; and direct rollovers into IRAs.
 
Participants will incur redemption fees if, after making an exchange, a transfer, or a rollover into a fund with a redemption fee, the participant makes a subsequent exchange out of that fund.
 
If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, redemption fees may be applied differently. Please read your recordkeeper’s plan materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply. Also see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of redemption fees by intermediaries.
 
*The following Vanguard fund accounts will be subject to redemption fees: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Retirement Plans for which Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company serves as trustee.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased

37

by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

38

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

39

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

40

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

41

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

42

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

43

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds, regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor. Shares redeemed in accordance with this policy will be subject to applicable redemption fees.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

44

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

45

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

46

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

47

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

48

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund
Admiral Shares	2/10/2011	GlobxUSREInxAdm	1758	922042668

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

49

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and has been licensed for use by Vanguard. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). The trademarks have been licensed to SPDJI and have been sublicensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard. Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund particularly or the ability of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Vanguard with respect to the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is the licensing of the Index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or the timing of the issuance or sale of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund is to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
 
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD GLOBAL EX-U.S. REAL ESTATE INDEX FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND VANGUARD, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

50

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Cost Basis. The adjusted cost of an investment, used to determine a capital gain or loss for tax purposes.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

51

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Liquidity. The degree of a security’s marketability (i.e., how quickly the security can be sold at a fair price and converted to cash).

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. An index that tracks stock markets in countries included in the MSCI EAFE Index plus Canada and a number of emerging markets, but excluding the United States.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). A company that owns and manages a group of properties, mortgages, or both.

Real Estate Management and Development Company (REMD). A company engaged in real estate development, management, and rental and/or direct investment in physical property.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

52

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan:
Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people
with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 738 022025

 

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on Nasdaq

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF Shares (VNQI)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

ETF Summary	1
Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares	8
More on the Fund and ETF Shares	10
The Fund and Vanguard	25
Investment Advisor	25
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	26

Share Price and Market Price	29
Additional Information	32
Financial Highlights	33
Glossary of Investment Terms	35

ETF Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of international real estate stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.09 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.03 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.12 %

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$12	$39	$68	$154

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 7% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index that measures the equity market performance of international real estate stocks in both developed and emerging markets. The Index is composed of stocks of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs) and certain real estate management and development companies (REMDs). The Fund attempts to replicate the Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high. The real estate industry can be adversely affected by, among other things, the value of securities of issuers in the real estate industry, including REITs and REMDs, and changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates, and demographics.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities—which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

3

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Derivatives risk. The Fund may invest in derivatives, which may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from Nasdaq without first being listed on another exchange or (2) Nasdaq officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

4

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and another comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. MSCI ACWI ex USA Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	16.30 %	September 30, 2024
Lowest	-27.77 %	March 31, 2020

5

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	-2.48 %	-4.57 %	0.99 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	-4.06	-5.58	-0.40
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	-1.09	-3.61	0.38
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	-2.24	-4.55	1.03
S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-2.56 %	-4.90 %	0.58 %
MSCI ACWI ex USA Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.53	4.10	4.80

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2015.

6

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

Investing in Vanguard ETF® Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. This prospectus describes Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers two conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of the Fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on Nasdaq. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may

8

pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

9

More on the Fund and ETF Shares

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million.
  All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, different share classes may have different expenses; as a result, their investment returns may differ.

A Note to Investors

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. 

10

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted

from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets

of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees

and Expenses section, Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

ETF Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.12%, or $1.20 per $1,000 of average

net assets. The average expense ratio for international real estate funds in

2023 was 1.04%, or $10.40 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from

data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the

fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a

fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells

securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share classes

offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross

income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small

differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a

fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests in stocks of publicly traded international equity real estate investment trusts and real estate management and development companies in both developed and emerging markets. 

11

Plain Talk About REITs and REMDs

Rather than directly owning properties—which can be costly and difficult to

convert into cash when needed—some investors buy shares in a company

that owns and manages real estate. Such a company is known as a real

estate investment trust, or REIT. REITs offer investors greater liquidity and

diversification than direct ownership of a handful of properties. REITs also

offer the potential for higher income than an investment in common stocks

would provide. As with any investment in real estate, however, a REIT’s

performance depends on specific factors, such as the company’s ability to

find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property

purchases and renovations. That said, returns from REITs may not

correspond to returns from direct property ownership. 

 

Real estate management and development companies (REMDs) include

companies engaged in real estate development, management, and rental

and/or direct investment in physical property.

   

The Fund is subject to industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high.

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities—which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

Because of its emphasis on real estate stocks, the Fund’s performance may at times be linked to the ups and downs of the real estate market. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including supply and demand for properties, the economic health of a country as well as different regions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, the performance of an individual REIT or REMD company depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well it manages those properties. For instance, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses due to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. In addition, many real estate issuers, including REITs, utilize leverage (and some

12

may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect the issuer’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.
 
Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $5.2 billion. Securities in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index span the capitalization spectrum, although many REITs and other real estate-related issuers tend to be small to mid-size issuers in relation to the equity markets as a whole.
 
The stock prices of small and mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, small companies often have fewer customers, financial resources, and products compared to larger firms. Such characteristics can make small and mid-size companies more sensitive to changing economic conditions. The Fund is subject to additional risk because of the concentration of its investments in the real estate sector. This focus on a single sector may result in more risk than that of a more diversified, multisector portfolio.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

13

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

14

Security Selection

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of its target index, the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index.

The Fund attempts to hold each stock contained in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index in roughly the same proportion as represented in the Index itself. For example, if 5% of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index were made up of a specific real estate security, the Fund would invest approximately the same percentage of its assets in that stock.
 
The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index consists of more than 644 securities in 39 markets. The Index includes companies that derive more than 60% of their revenue from real estate-related activities. Real estate agents, brokers, appraisers, and companies that build residential units for sale to homeowners are excluded from the Index. Developed and emerging markets account for approximately 80% and 20%, respectively, of the Index. Most of the emerging markets exposure (approximately 24% as of October 31, 2024) consists of REMD securities. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China (which made up approximately 21%, 12%, 8%, 7%, 6%, and 5%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). As of October 31, 2024, large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks accounted for approximately 26%, 46%, and 27%, respectively, of the Index.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

15

   

Each Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

16

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership

17

limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

In addition to investing in international real estate securities, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its investment objective.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required

18

to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. 

Plain Talk About Derivatives

Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as

exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or

indexes—have been trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These

types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and

sold and whose market values are determined and published daily. On the

other hand, non-exchange-traded derivatives—such as certain swap

agreements—tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more

difficult to accurately value.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for

19

many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares

   

ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.

20

   

The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.

Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

   

An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.

   

Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

   

By investing in the ETF Shares of a fund that also offers conventional mutual fund shares, you could be subject to costs and/or tax impacts that you would not be subject to if you invested in exchange-traded shares offered by a fund without a conventional mutual fund share class. These costs include brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the Fund buying and selling portfolio securities in response to conventional mutual fund share class inflows and outflows, cash drag as a result of the Fund holding the cash necessary to satisfy conventional mutual fund share class transactions, and taxable capital gains distributions if the Fund has to sell portfolio holdings at a gain in order to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions.

21

Conversion Privilege

Owners of conventional shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services® or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

Your Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your

22

account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, all conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund’s conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively

23

hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Frequent Trading and Market-Timing

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with

24

high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Funds’ board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional

25

advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2015. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each year, the Fund pays out to shareholders virtually all of the distributions it receives from its international real estate investments, less expenses. Distributions may include income and short-term or long-term capital gains. The

26

Fund may also realize capital gains on the sale of its international real estate investments. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Distributions of these gains, if any, generally are included in the December distribution. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.
 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Reinvestment of Distributions

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

27

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your ETF Shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s ETF Shares investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling your ETF Shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

28

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Share Price and Market Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

29

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

30

 
Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares.

31

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund
ETF Shares	11/1/2010	3358	922042676

Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

32

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$37.32	$37.45	$57.39	$47.04	$60.79
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	1.628	1.641	1.679	2.145	1.761
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	6.333	(1.536)	(18.724)	9.312	(11.864)
Total from Investment Operations	7.961	.105	(17.045)	11.457	(10.103)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(1.591)	(.235)	(2.895)	(1.107)	(3.647)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(1.591)	(.235)	(2.895)	(1.107)	(3.647)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$43.69	$37.32	$37.45	$57.39	$47.04
Total Return	21.58%	0.22%	-31.15%	24.47%	-17.71%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$3,386	$3,198	$3,355	$5,071	$4,219
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.12%2	0.12%2	0.12%	0.12%	0.12%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	3.87%	4.00%	3.48%	3.80%	3.44%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	7%	5%	10%	7%	11%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.12%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

33

  CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and has been licensed for use by Vanguard. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). The trademarks have been licensed to SPDJI and have been sublicensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard. Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF particularly or the ability of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Vanguard with respect to the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is the licensing of the Index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF or the timing of the issuance or sale of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF is to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
 
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD GLOBAL EX-U.S. REAL ESTATE ETF, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND VANGUARD, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

34

Glossary of Investment Terms

Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.

Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Cost Basis. The adjusted cost of an investment, used to determine a capital gain or loss for tax purposes.

Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

35

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Liquidity. The degree of a security’s marketability (i.e., how quickly the security can be sold at a fair price and converted to cash).

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. An index that tracks stock markets in countries included in the MSCI EAFE Index plus Canada and a number of emerging markets, but excluding the United States.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

36

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). A company that owns and manages a group of properties, mortgages, or both.

Real Estate Management and Development Company (REMD). A company engaged in real estate development, management, and rental and/or direct investment in physical property.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund’s ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements , or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 3358 022025

 

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Institutional Shares

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Institutional Shares (VGRNX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	7
The Fund and Vanguard	20
Investment Advisor	20
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	22
Share Price	25
Financial Highlights	27

Investing With Vanguard	28
Purchasing Shares	28
Converting Shares	32
Redeeming Shares	34
Exchanging Shares	38
Frequent-Trading Limitations	39
Other Rules You Should Know	41
Fund and Account Updates	46
Employer-Sponsored Plans	47
Contacting Vanguard	48
Additional Information	49
Glossary of Investment Terms	51

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of international real estate stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	0.25 %
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	0.25 %

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.10 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses	0.11 %

1

Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. The first example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$62	$89	$119	$206

You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your investment (the difference being that the Fund’s 0.25% redemption fee would not apply to any of the following periods, as it would to those in the preceding example): 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$36	$60	$87	$166

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 7% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index that measures the equity market performance of international real estate stocks in both developed and emerging markets. The Index is composed of stocks of publicly traded equity real estate investment trusts (known as REITs) and certain real estate management and development companies (REMDs). The Fund attempts to replicate the Index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in the stocks that make up the Index, holding each stock in approximately the same proportion as its weighting in the Index.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high. The real estate industry can be adversely affected by, among other things, the value of securities of issuers in the real estate industry, including REITs and REMDs, and changes in real estate values and rental income, property taxes, interest rates, and demographics.

• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities— which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

3

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Derivatives risk. The Fund may invest in derivatives, which may involve risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares (including annual fund operating expenses but excluding shareholder fees) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. If applicable shareholder fees were reflected, returns would be less than those shown in the bar chart. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares (including annual fund operating expenses and any applicable shareholder fees) compare with those of the Fund’s target index and another comparative index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. MSCI ACWI ex USA Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

4

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	16.31 %	September 30, 2024
Lowest	-27.76 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	-2.95 %	-4.65 %	0.96 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	-4.55	-5.67	-0.44
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	-1.37	-3.67	0.35
S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	-2.56 %	-4.90 %	0.58 %
MSCI ACWI ex USA Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	5.53	4.10	4.80

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

5

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2022.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since February 2025.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2015.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares is $5 million. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

6

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index

Fund Institutional Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.11%, or $1.10 per $1,000

of average net assets. The average expense ratio for international real estate

funds in 2023 was 1.04%, or $10.40 per $1,000 of average net assets

(derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which

reports on the mutual fund industry).

 

7

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days‘ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund invests in stocks of publicly traded international equity real estate investment trusts and real estate management and development companies in both developed and emerging markets. 

8

Plain Talk About REITs and REMDs

Rather than directly owning properties—which can be costly and difficult to

convert into cash when needed—some investors buy shares in a company

that owns and manages real estate. Such a company is known as a real

estate investment trust, or REIT. REITs offer investors greater liquidity and

diversification than direct ownership of a handful of properties. REITs also

offer the potential for higher income than an investment in common stocks

would provide. As with any investment in real estate, however, a REIT’s

performance depends on specific factors, such as the company’s ability to

find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property

purchases and renovations. That said, returns from REITs may not

correspond to returns from direct property ownership.

 

Real estate management and development companies (REMDs) include

companies engaged in real estate development, management, and rental

and/or direct investment in physical property.

   

The Fund is subject to industry concentration risk, which is the chance that real estate stocks will decline because of adverse developments affecting the real estate industry and real property values. Because the Fund concentrates its assets in real estate stocks, industry concentration risk is high.

   

The Fund is subject to investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from real estate securities—which frequently are small- or mid-capitalization stocks—will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, real estate securities have performed quite differently from the global stock markets.

Because of its emphasis on real estate stocks, the Fund’s performance may at times be linked to the ups and downs of the real estate market. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including supply and demand for properties, the economic health of a country as well as different regions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, the performance of an individual REIT or REMD company depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well it manages those properties. For instance, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses due to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. In addition, many real estate issuers, including REITs, utilize leverage (and some

9

may be highly leveraged), which increases investment risk and could adversely affect the issuer’s operations and market value in periods of rising interest rates.
 
Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $5.2 billion. Securities in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index span the capitalization spectrum, although many REITs and other real estate-related issuers tend to be small to mid-size issuers in relation to the equity markets as a whole.
 
The stock prices of small and mid-size companies tend to experience greater volatility because, among other things, small companies often have fewer customers, financial resources, and products compared to larger firms. Such characteristics can make small and mid-size companies more sensitive to changing economic conditions. The Fund is subject to additional risk because of the concentration of its investments in the real estate sector. This focus on a single sector may result in more risk than that of a more diversified, multisector portfolio.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a limited number of companies, which could cause the Fund to underperform the global stock markets.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

10

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

11

Security Selection

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of its target index, the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index.

The Fund attempts to hold each stock contained in the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index in roughly the same proportion as represented in the Index itself. For example, if 5% of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index were made up of a specific real estate security, the Fund would invest approximately the same percentage of its assets in that stock.
 
The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index consists of more than 644 securities in 39 markets. The Index includes companies that derive more than 60% of their revenue from real estate-related activities. Real estate agents, brokers, appraisers, and companies that build residential units for sale to homeowners are excluded from the Index. Developed and emerging markets account for approximately 80% and 20%, respectively, of the Index. Most of the emerging markets exposure (approximately 24% as of October 31, 2024) consists of REMD securities. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, Australia, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China (which made up approximately 21%, 12%, 8%, 7%, 6%, and 5%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). As of October 31, 2024, large-, mid-, and small-cap stocks accounted for approximately 26%, 46%, and 27%, respectively, of the Index.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

12

   

Each Fund is subject to index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

13

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership

14

limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

In addition to investing in international real estate securities, the Fund may make other kinds of investments to achieve its investment objective.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. Derivatives may be used as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required

15

to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns. 

Plain Talk About Derivatives

Derivatives can take many forms. Some forms of derivatives—such as

exchange-traded futures and options on securities, commodities, or

indexes—have been trading on regulated exchanges for decades. These

types of derivatives are standardized contracts that can easily be bought and

sold and whose market values are determined and published daily. On the

other hand, non-exchange-traded derivatives—such as certain swap

agreements—tend to be more specialized or complex and may be more

difficult to accurately value.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow

16

money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large

17

cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Purchase and Redemption Fees

The Fund charges a 0.25% fee on all purchases of its shares, including shares that you purchase by exchange from another Vanguard fund. In addition, the Fund charges a 0.25% fee on redemptions of its shares, including shares that you redeem by selling or by exchanging to another Vanguard fund. Unlike a sales charge or a load paid to a broker or a fund management company, purchase and redemption fees are paid directly to the Fund to offset the costs of buying and selling securities. See Investing With Vanguard for more information about fees.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

18

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the

19

greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment

20

advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangements, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2022. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.

Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990, has managed investment portfolios since 1999, and has co-managed the Fund since 2015. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

21

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

Each year, the Fund pays out to shareholders virtually all of the distributions it receives from its international real estate investments, less expenses. Distributions may include income and short-term or long-term capital gains. The Fund may also realize capital gains on the sale of its international real estate investments. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Distributions of these gains, if any, generally are included in the December distribution. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains distribution that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may

22

be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets

23

consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

24

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus is primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares,

25

including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

26

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$75.34	$75.62	$115.86	$94.98	$122.73
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	2.566	3.320	3.391	4.376	3.646
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	13.5392	(3.115)	(37.785)2	18.763	(24.030)
Total from Investment Operations	16.105	.205	(34.394)	23.139	(20.384)
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(3.225)	(.485)	(5.846)	(2.259)	(7.366)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(3.225)	(.485)	(5.846)	(2.259)	(7.366)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$88.22	$75.34	$75.62	$115.86	$94.98
Total Return3	21.60%	0.20%	-31.10%	24.44%	-17.71%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$20	$163	$140	$213	$205
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.11%4	0.11%4	0.11%	0.11%	0.11%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	3.07%	4.02%	3.48%	3.84%	3.55%
Portfolio Turnover Rate5	7%	5%	10%	7%	11%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Includes increases from purchase and redemption fees of $0.01.
3	Total returns do not include transaction fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable transaction fees.
4	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.11%.
5	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

27

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Institutional Shares

To open and maintain an account. $5 million. If you request Institutional Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Institutional Shares, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

28

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

29

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—1858).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

30

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Purchase Fee

The Fund charges a purchase fee of 0.25% on all share purchases, including shares purchased by exchange from another Vanguard fund. The purchase fee is deducted from the amount of each new purchase and is paid directly to the Fund to offset the cost of buying securities.

Purchase fees will not apply to Vanguard fund account purchases in the following circumstances: (1) purchases of shares through reinvested dividends or capital gains distributions; (2) share transfers, rollovers, or reregistrations within the same fund; (3) conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; (4) purchases in kind; and (5) share rollovers to an IRA within the same Vanguard fund for plans in which Vanguard serves as a recordkeeper.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

31

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

32

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the same fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

33

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

34

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally

35

will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Redemption Fee

The Fund charges a 0.25% redemption fee. The fee applies if you redeem shares by selling or by exchanging to another Vanguard fund or if Vanguard liquidates your Fund account because the balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. The fee is withheld from redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the Fund.

Redemption fees will not apply to Vanguard fund account redemptions in the following circumstances: (1) redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees; redemptions of shares to revoke an IRA within the period of time set forth in the Vanguard Traditional IRA, SEP-IRA, and Roth IRA Disclosure Statement; redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain

36

types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain Vanguard Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans); and redemptions from Section 529 college savings plans; (2) share transfers, rollovers, or reregistrations within the same fund; (3) conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund; (4) redemptions in kind; and (5) for a one-year period, share rollovers to an IRA held at Vanguard from a retirement plan for which Vanguard serves as a recordkeeper.*
 
Also, participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans* will not incur redemption fees for the following: exchanges of shares purchased with participant payroll or employer contributions; exchanges of shares purchased with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions; distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan; redemptions or transfers of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan; and direct rollovers into IRAs.
 
Participants will incur redemption fees if, after making an exchange, a transfer, or a rollover into a fund with a redemption fee, the participant makes a subsequent exchange out of that fund.
 
If Vanguard does not serve as recordkeeper for your plan, redemption fees may be applied differently. Please read your recordkeeper’s plan materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply. Also see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of redemption fees by intermediaries.
 
*The following Vanguard fund accounts will be subject to redemption fees: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Retirement Plans for which Vanguard Fiduciary Trust Company serves as trustee.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to

37

delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

38

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

39

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

40

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

41

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

42

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

43

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to convert an investor’s Institutional Shares to another share class, as appropriate, if the fund account balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the investor. No redemption fee will be imposed on share-class conversions.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

44

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors, when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

45

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

46

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

47

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

48

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund
Institutional Shares	4/19/2011	GlobxUSREInxInst	1858	922042684

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

49

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and has been licensed for use by Vanguard. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). The trademarks have been licensed to SPDJI and have been sublicensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard. Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund particularly or the ability of the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Vanguard with respect to the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is the licensing of the Index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or the timing of the issuance or sale of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund is to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Global ex-U.S. Property Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
 
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD GLOBAL EX-U.S. REAL ESTATE INDEX FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND VANGUARD, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

50

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Cash Equivalent Investments. Cash deposits, short-term bank deposits, and money market instruments that include U.S. Treasury bills and notes, bank certificates of deposit (CDs), repurchase agreements, commercial paper, and banker’s acceptances.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Cost Basis. The adjusted cost of an investment, used to determine a capital gain or loss for tax purposes.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

51

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Liquidity. The degree of a security’s marketability (i.e., how quickly the security can be sold at a fair price and converted to cash).

Median Market Capitalization. An indicator of the size of companies in which a fund invests; the midpoint of market capitalization (market price x shares outstanding) of a fund’s stocks, weighted by the proportion of the fund’s assets invested in each stock. Stocks representing half of the fund’s assets have market capitalizations above the median, and the rest are below it.

MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. An index that tracks stock markets in countries included in the MSCI EAFE Index plus Canada and a number of emerging markets, but excluding the United States.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). A company that owns and manages a group of properties, mortgages, or both.

Real Estate Management and Development Company (REMD). A company engaged in real estate development, management, and rental and/or direct investment in physical property.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

52

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division:
Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people
with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 1858 022025

 

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

AdmiralTM Shares

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares (VTWAX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	8
The Fund and Vanguard	19
Investment Advisor	19
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	21
Share Price	24
Financial Highlights	27

Investing With Vanguard	29
Purchasing Shares	29
Converting Shares	32
Redeeming Shares	34
Exchanging Shares	38
Frequent-Trading Limitations	38
Other Rules You Should Know	41
Fund and Account Updates	45
Employer-Sponsored Plans	47
Contacting Vanguard	48
Additional Information	49
Glossary of Investment Terms	51

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None
Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $5,000,000)	$25

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.08 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.09 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$9	$29	$51	$115

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the market performance of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks of companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be

3

negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

4

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	20.30 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-22.29 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	Since Fund Inception	Fund Inception Date
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares				02/07/2019
Return Before Taxes	16.43 %	9.92 %	11.36 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	15.81	9.33	10.74
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	10.02	7.71	8.95
FTSE Global All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	16.69 %	10.03 %	11.46 %

5

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016).

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Admiral Shares is $3,000. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

6

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral Shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Admiral Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.09%, or $0.90 per $1,000 of

average net assets. The average expense ratio for global funds in 2023 was

1.00%, or $10.00 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data

provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the

mutual fund industry).

 

8

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund seeks to track the investment performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index, a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2023, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization).

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $93 billion. 

9

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

10

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

11

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will

12

generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

13

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

The FTSE Global All Cap Index. The FTSE Global All Cap Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.
 
Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide

14

adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

15

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any

16

corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures

17

reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

18

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately

19

$8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

20

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.
 

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

21

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s underlying investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

22

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

23

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus are primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

24

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.

25

 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

26

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

27

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$32.02	$29.69	$37.89	$27.94	$27.22
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	.728	.699	.701	.644	.547
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	9.476	2.322	(8.188)	9.908	.732
Total from Investment Operations	10.204	3.021	(7.487)	10.552	1.279
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(.774)	(.691)	(.713)	(.602)	(.559)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(.774)	(.691)	(.713)	(.602)	(.559)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$41.45	$32.02	$29.69	$37.89	$27.94
Total Return2	32.09%	10.16%	-19.93%	37.98%	4.83%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$7,603	$5,432	$4,624	$5,149	$2,842
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.10%3	0.10%3	0.10%3	0.10%	0.10%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	1.88%	2.13%	2.09%	1.82%	2.02%
Portfolio Turnover Rate4	3%	4%	4%	6%	6%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	Total returns do not include account service fees that may have applied in the periods shown. Fund prospectuses provide information about any applicable account service fees.
3	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.10%.
4	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

28

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Admiral Shares

To open and maintain an account. $3,000. Financial intermediaries, institutional clients, and Vanguard-advised clients should contact Vanguard for information on special eligibility rules that may apply to them regarding Admiral Shares. If you are investing through an intermediary, please contact that firm directly for more information regarding your eligibility.

29

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—5028).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

30

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

31

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Admiral Shares. Admiral Shares generally are not available for SIMPLE IRAs and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

32

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the same fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

33

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by

34

electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

35

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

36

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone. You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional

37

documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other

38

than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

39

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

40

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

41

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

42

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Account Service Fee

Vanguard may charge a $25 account service fee on fund accounts that have a balance below $5,000,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation. The account service fee may be applied to both retirement and nonretirement fund accounts and may be assessed on fund accounts in all Vanguard funds,

43

regardless of the account minimum. The fee, which will be collected by redeeming fund shares in the amount of $25, will be deducted from fund accounts subject to the fee once per calendar year.

Certain account types have alternative fee structures, including SIMPLE IRAs, Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to liquidate a fund account whose balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. This liquidation policy applies to nonretirement fund accounts and accounts that are held through intermediaries. Any such liquidation will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or

44

options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting

45

redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

46

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

47

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

48

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund
Admiral Shares	2/07/2019	TtlWldlxAdml	5028	922042619

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

49

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

50

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

51

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

52

  

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a participant in an employer-sponsored plan: Telephone: 800-523-1188; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 5028 022025

 

Vanguard Total World Stock ETF

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Exchange-traded fund shares that are not individually redeemable and are listed on NYSE Arca

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund ETF Shares (VT)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

ETF Summary	1
Investing in Vanguard ETF®Shares	8
More on the Fund and ETF Shares	10
The Fund and Vanguard	23
Investment Advisor	24
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	25

Share Price and Market Price	28
Additional Information	30
Financial Highlights	31
Glossary of Investment Terms	33

ETF Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Transaction Fee on Purchases and Sales	None*
Transaction Fee on Reinvested Dividends	None*
Transaction Fee on Conversion to ETF Shares	None*

*

None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.05 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.06 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$6	$19	$34	$77

This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund.

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the market performance of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks of companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a

2

representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that

3

index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:

• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.

• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on NYSE Arca, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.

• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from NYSE Arca without first being listed on another exchange or (2) NYSE Arca officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the

4

ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund ETF Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	20.30 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-22.27 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund ETF Shares
Based on NAV
Return Before Taxes	16.48 %	9.96 %	9.33 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	15.85	9.36	8.71
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	10.05	7.74	7.45
Based on Market Price
Return Before Taxes	16.44	9.95	9.33
FTSE Global All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	16.69 %	10.03 %	9.38 %

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the

5

calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016).

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

ETF Shares may only be bought and sold in the secondary market through a brokerage firm. The price you pay or receive for ETF Shares will be the prevailing market price, which may be more (premium) or less (discount) than the NAV of the shares. The brokerage firm may charge you a commission to execute the transaction. Unless imposed by your brokerage firm, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of shares you must buy. ETF Shares of the Fund cannot be directly purchased from or redeemed with the Fund, except by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), typically in exchange for baskets of securities.

An investor may incur costs attributable to the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market (bid-ask spread). Recent information, including information on the Fund’s NAV, market price, premiums and discounts, and bid-ask spreads, is available online at vanguard.com.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

6

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

Investing in Vanguard ETF®Shares

What Are Vanguard ETF Shares?

Vanguard ETF Shares are an exchange-traded class of shares issued by certain Vanguard funds. ETF Shares represent an interest in the portfolio of stocks or bonds held by the issuing fund. This prospectus describes Vanguard Total World Stock ETF, a class of shares issued by Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund. In addition to ETF Shares, the Fund offers two conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares. This prospectus, however, relates only to ETF Shares.

How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?

Conventional mutual fund shares can be directly purchased from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at the net asset value (NAV), typically calculated once a day. ETF Shares, by contrast, cannot be purchased directly from or redeemed directly with the issuing fund by an individual investor. Rather, ETF Shares can only be purchased or redeemed directly from the issuing fund by certain authorized broker-dealers. These broker-dealers may purchase and redeem ETF Shares only in large blocks (Creation Units), usually in exchange for baskets of securities and not for cash (although some funds issue and redeem Creation Units in exchange for cash or a combination of cash and securities).

An organized secondary trading market is expected to exist for ETF Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Individual investors can purchase and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that are subject to change throughout the day based on the supply of and demand for ETF Shares, changes in the prices of the fund’s portfolio holdings, and other factors.

The market price of a fund’s ETF Shares typically will differ somewhat from the NAV of those shares. The difference between market price and NAV is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of market disruption or extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.

How Do I Buy and Sell Vanguard ETF Shares?

ETF Shares of the Fund are listed for trading on NYSE Arca. You can buy and sell ETF Shares on the secondary market in the same way you buy and sell any other exchange-traded security—through a broker. Your broker may charge a commission to execute a transaction. You will also incur the cost of the “bid-ask spread,” which is the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market. Because secondary-market transactions occur at market prices, you may

8

pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares and receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. In times of severe market disruption, the bid-ask spread and premiums/discounts can increase significantly. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of ETF Shares you must buy.

Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for ensuring that you receive income and capital gains distributions, as well as shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

9

More on the Fund and ETF Shares

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s ETF Shares, an exchange-traded class of shares. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s AdmiralTM Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. Another prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million.
 
All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ.

A Note to Investors

Vanguard ETF Shares can be purchased directly from the issuing Fund only by certain authorized broker-dealers in exchange for a basket of securities (or, in some cases, for cash or a combination of cash and securities). Individual investors generally will not be able to purchase ETF Shares directly from the Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase ETF Shares on the secondary market through a broker. 

10

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are deducted

from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the net assets

of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in the Fees

and Expenses section, Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund ETF Shares’

expense ratio would be 0.06%, or $0.60 per $1,000 of average net assets.

The average expense ratio for global funds in 2023 was 1.00%, or $10.00

per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data provided by Lipper, a

Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the fund industry).

 

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing an ETF. That is because

you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of operating a

fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or sells

securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share classes

offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of the gross

income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even seemingly small

differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic effect on a

fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund seeks to track the investment performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index, a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest

11

markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization).

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $93 billion. 

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

12

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use

13

strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the

14

target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities

15

could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

The FTSE Global All Cap Index. The FTSE Global All Cap Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.
 
Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the

16

component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

17

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Redemptions of ETF Shares are typically met through a combination of cash and securities held by the Fund; see “How Are Vanguard ETF Shares Different From Conventional Mutual Fund Shares?” If cash is used to meet redemptions, the Fund typically obtains such cash through positive cash flows or the sale of Fund holdings consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information for further information on redemptions of ETF Shares.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any

18

corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Special Risks of Exchange-Traded Shares

   

ETF Shares are not individually redeemable. They can be redeemed with the issuing Fund at NAV only by certain authorized broker-dealers and only in large blocks known as Creation Units. Consequently, if you want to liquidate some or all of your ETF Shares, you must sell them on the secondary market at prevailing market prices.

   

The market price of ETF Shares may differ from NAV. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its NAV, there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more (premium) or less (discount) than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares. These discounts and premiums are likely to be greatest during times of market disruption or extreme market volatility.

Vanguard’s website at vanguard.com shows the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares. The website also discloses, in the Premium/Discount Analysis section of the ETF Shares’ Price & Performance page, how frequently the Fund’s ETF Shares traded at a premium or discount to NAV (based on closing NAVs and market prices) and the magnitudes of such premiums and discounts.

19

   

An active trading market may not exist. Although Vanguard ETF Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained. Although this could happen at any time, it is more likely to occur during times of severe market disruption. If you attempt to sell your ETF Shares when an active trading market is not functioning, you may have to sell at a significant discount to NAV. In extreme cases, you may not be able to sell your shares at all.

   

Trading may be halted. Trading of Vanguard ETF Shares on an exchange may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from the listing exchange without first being listed on another exchange or (2) exchange officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

   

By investing in the ETF Shares of a fund that also offers conventional mutual fund shares, you could be subject to costs and/or tax impacts that you would not be subject to if you invested in exchange-traded shares offered by a fund without a conventional mutual fund share class. These costs include brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the Fund buying and selling portfolio securities in response to conventional mutual fund share class inflows and outflows, cash drag as a result of the Fund holding the cash necessary to satisfy conventional mutual fund share class transactions, and taxable capital gains distributions if the Fund has to sell portfolio holdings at a gain in order to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions.

Conversion Privilege

Owners of conventional shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

You must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services® or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact your broker.

20

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after your broker notifies Vanguard of your request to convert, Vanguard will transfer your conventional shares from your account to the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect your broker, not you, as the owner of the shares. Next, your broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes.

Your Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the Depository Trust Company (DTC). The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to your broker, and your broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to you.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if you owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker’s omnibus account with Vanguard. Your broker then could either (1) credit your account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to your account. If your broker chose to redeem your conventional shares, you would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on your tax return (unless you hold the shares in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). Please consult your broker for information on how it will handle the conversion process, including whether it will impose a fee to process a conversion.

If you convert your conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services, all conventional shares for which you request conversion will be converted to ETF Shares of equivalent value. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

21

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of a Vanguard fund to ETF Shares:

• The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on your broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when a fund with ETF Shares declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

• Until the conversion process is complete, you will remain fully invested in a fund’s conventional shares, and your investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

• The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

22

Frequent Trading and Market-Timing

Unlike frequent trading of a Vanguard fund’s conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) classes of shares, frequent trading of ETF Shares does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. The vast majority of trading in ETF Shares occurs on the secondary market. Because these trades do not involve the issuing fund, they do not harm the fund or its shareholders. Certain broker-dealers are authorized to purchase and redeem ETF Shares directly with the issuing fund. Because these trades typically are effected in kind (i.e., for securities and not for cash), or are assessed a transaction fee when effected in cash, they do not cause any of the harmful effects to the issuing fund (as previously noted) that may result from frequent trading. For these reasons, the board of trustees of each fund that issues ETF Shares has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing of ETF Shares.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

23

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately $8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

24

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

25

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

Reinvestment of Distributions

In order to reinvest dividend and capital gains distributions, investors in the Fund’s ETF Shares must hold their shares at a broker that offers a reinvestment service. This can be the broker’s own service or a service made available by a third party, such as the broker’s outside clearing firm or the DTC. If a reinvestment service is available, distributions of income and capital gains can automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional ETF Shares of the Fund. If a reinvestment service is not available, investors will receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether a reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker.

As with all exchange-traded funds, reinvestment of dividend and capital gains distributions in additional ETF Shares will occur two business days or more after the ex-dividend date (the date when a distribution of dividends or capital gains is deducted from the price of the Fund’s shares). The exact number of days depends on your broker. During that time, the amount of your distribution will not be invested in the Fund and therefore will not share in the Fund’s income, gains, and losses.

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional ETF Shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain

26

holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned ETF Shares.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling your ETF Shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale of ETF Shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale of ETF Shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of ETF Shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any

27

amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you.

Share Price and Market Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Remember: If you buy or sell ETF Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your ETF Shares in Creation Unit blocks (an option available only to certain authorized broker-dealers) or if you convert your conventional fund shares to ETF Shares.

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

28

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard’s website will show the previous day’s closing NAV and closing market price for the Fund’s ETF Shares.

29

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund
ETF Shares	6/24/2008	3141	922042742

Certain affiliates of the Fund and the advisor may purchase and resell ETF Shares pursuant to the prospectus.

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

30

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund ETF Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$90.39	$83.80	$106.94	$78.87	$76.83
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	2.089	1.998	2.010	1.838	1.556
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	26.748	6.571	(23.107)	27.954	2.078
Total from Investment Operations	28.837	8.569	(21.097)	29.792	3.634
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(2.217)	(1.979)	(2.043)	(1.722)	(1.594)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(2.217)	(1.979)	(2.043)	(1.722)	(1.594)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$117.01	$90.39	$83.80	$106.94	$78.87
Total Return	32.12%	10.22%	-19.91%	37.99%	4.87%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$40,158	$27,389	$22,483	$25,166	$14,070
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.07%2	0.07%2	0.07%2	0.07%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	1.91%	2.16%	2.12%	1.84%	2.03%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	3%	4%	4%	6%	6%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.07%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

31

  CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

32

Glossary of Investment Terms

Authorized Participant. Institutional investors that are permitted to purchase Creation Units directly from, and redeem Creation Units directly with, the issuing fund. To be an Authorized Participant, an entity must be a participant in the Depository Trust Company and must enter into an agreement with the fund’s Distributor.

Bid-Ask Spread. The difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay to purchase ETF Shares (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept for ETF Shares (ask) when buying or selling shares in the secondary market.

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Creation Unit. A large block of a specified number of ETF Shares. Certain broker-dealers known as “Authorized Participants” may purchase and redeem ETF Shares from the issuing fund in Creation Unit size blocks.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Ex-Dividend Date. The date when a distribution of dividends and/or capital gains is deducted from the share price of a mutual fund, ETF, or stock. On the ex-dividend date, the share price drops by the amount of the distribution per share (plus or minus any market activity).

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

33

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

34

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total World Stock ETF, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report , you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund’s ETF Shares and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report , financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about Vanguard ETF Shares, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

Telephone: 866-499-8473; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

P 3141 022025

 

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Prospectus

 February 28, 2025

Institutional Shares

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares (VTWIX)

  

  This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

  The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Contents

 

 

Fund Summary	1
More on the Fund	8
The Fund and Vanguard	19
Investment Advisor	19
Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes	21
Share Price	24
Financial Highlights	26

Investing With Vanguard	27
Purchasing Shares	27
Converting Shares	30
Redeeming Shares	32
Exchanging Shares	36
Frequent-Trading Limitations	37
Other Rules You Should Know	39
Fund and Account Updates	43
Employer-Sponsored Plans	44
Contacting Vanguard	46
Additional Information	47
Glossary of Investment Terms	49

Fund Summary

Investment Objective

The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks of companies located in developed and emerging markets around the world.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment) 

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None
Purchase Fee	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None
Redemption Fee	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 

Management Fees	0.06 %
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.07 %

1

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

1

Example

The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 

1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
$7	$23	$40	$90

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index (the Index), a float-adjusted, market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure the market performance of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks of companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund attempts to sample the target index by investing all, or substantially all, of its assets in common stocks in the Index and by holding a representative sample of securities that resembles the full Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

2

Principal Risks

An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund’s share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund’s performance:

• Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.

• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.

• Index-related risks. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing, which include passive management risk, tracking error risk, and index provider risk. Passive management risk is the chance that the Fund’s use of an indexing strategy will negatively impact the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how that index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed. Tracking error risk is the chance that the Fund’s performance will deviate from the performance of its target index. Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. Index provider risk is the chance that the Fund will be

3

negatively impacted by changes or errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

4

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares  

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: 

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	20.30 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-22.27 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2024 

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	16.47 %	9.94 %	9.33 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	15.84	9.35	8.71
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	10.04	7.73	7.45
FTSE Global All Cap Index (reflects no deduction for fees or expenses)	16.69 %	10.03 %	9.38 %

5

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard)

Portfolio Managers

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016).

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

You may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739). The minimum investment amount required to open and maintain a Fund account for Institutional Shares is $5 million. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1. If you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

6

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its investment advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

7

More on the Fund

This prospectus describes the principal risks you would face as a Fund shareholder. It is important to keep in mind one of the main principles of investing: generally, the higher the risk of losing money, the higher the potential reward. The reverse, also, is generally true: the lower the risk, the lower the potential reward. As you consider an investment in any mutual fund, you should take into account your personal tolerance for fluctuations in the securities markets. Throughout the prospectus, this     symbol is used to mark detailed information about some of the risks that you would confront as a Fund shareholder. To highlight terms and concepts important to mutual fund investors, we have provided Plain Talk® explanations along the way. Reading the prospectus will help you decide whether the Fund is the right investment for you. We suggest that you keep this prospectus for future reference.

Share Class Overview

This prospectus offers the Fund’s Institutional Shares, which are generally for investors who invest a minimum of $5 million. A separate prospectus offers the Fund’s Admiral™ Shares, which generally have an investment minimum of $3,000. In addition, the Fund issues ETF Shares (an exchange-traded class of shares), which are also offered through a separate prospectus.

All share classes offered by the Fund have the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. However, because different share classes can have different expenses, their investment returns may differ. 

Plain Talk About Fund Expenses

All mutual funds have operating expenses. These expenses, which are

deducted from a fund’s gross income, are expressed as a percentage of the

net assets of the fund. Assuming that operating expenses remain as stated in

the Fees and Expenses section, Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund

Institutional Shares’ expense ratio would be 0.07%, or $0.70 per $1,000 of

average net assets. The average expense ratio for global funds in 2023 was

1.00%, or $10.00 per $1,000 of average net assets (derived from data

provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, which reports on the

mutual fund industry).

 

8

Plain Talk About Costs of Investing

Costs are an important consideration in choosing a mutual fund. That is

because you, as a shareholder, pay a proportionate share of the costs of

operating a fund and any transaction costs incurred when the fund buys or

sells securities, including costs generated by shareholders of other share

classes offered by the fund. These costs can erode a substantial portion of

the gross income or the capital appreciation a fund achieves. Even

seemingly small differences in expenses can, over time, have a dramatic

effect on a fund’s performance.

The following sections explain the principal investment strategies and policies that the Fund uses in pursuit of its investment objective. The Fund’s board of trustees, which oversees the Fund’s management, may change investment strategies or policies in the interest of shareholders without a shareholder vote, unless those strategies or policies are designated as fundamental. Note that the Fund’s investment objective is not fundamental and may be changed without a shareholder vote. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its assets in the stocks that make up its target index. The Fund may change its 80% policy only upon 60 days’ notice to shareholders.

Market Exposure

The Fund seeks to track the investment performance of the FTSE Global All Cap Index, a benchmark index consisting of common stocks of large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies located around the world. As of October 31, 2024, the Index included 10,098 stocks of companies located in 48 markets, including both developed and emerging markets. As of October 31, 2024, the largest markets covered in the Index were the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom (which made up approximately 63.4%, 5.7%, and 3.4%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization).

Stocks of publicly traded companies are often classified according to market capitalization, which is the market value of a company’s outstanding shares. These classifications typically include small-cap, mid-cap, and large-cap. It is important to understand that there are no “official” definitions of small-, mid-, and large-cap, even among Vanguard fund advisors, and that market capitalization ranges can change over time. The asset-weighted median market capitalization of the Fund’s stock holdings as of October 31, 2024, was $93 billion. 

9

Plain Talk About International Investing

U.S. investors who invest in foreign securities will encounter risks not

typically associated with U.S. companies because foreign stock and bond

markets operate differently from the U.S. markets. For instance, foreign

companies and governments may not be subject to the same or similar

auditing, legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and

recordkeeping standards and practices as U.S. companies and the U.S.

government, and their stocks and bonds may not be as liquid as those of

similar U.S. entities. In addition, foreign stock exchanges, brokers,

companies, bond markets, and dealers may be subject to different levels of

government supervision and regulation than their counterparts in the

United States. Further, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the

United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the

United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver,

or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to

foreign securities and assets. These factors, among others, could negatively

affect the returns U.S. investors receive from foreign investments.

   

The Fund is subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.

   

The Fund is subject to country/regional risk and currency risk. Country/regional risk is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Currency risk is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.

10

   

The Fund is subject to emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets. Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.

Market disruptions can adversely affect local and global markets as well as normal market conditions and operations. Any such disruptions could have an adverse impact on the value of the Fund’s investments and Fund performance.

Security Selection

The Fund uses a sampling method of indexing, meaning that the Fund’s advisor, using computer programs, selects from the target index a representative sample of securities that will resemble the target index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics. These factors include industry weightings, country weightings, market capitalization, and other financial characteristics of stocks.

Index investing and risks. The Fund is an index fund. Index funds attempt to track—not outperform—the performance of a specified market index (target index). An index is a group of securities whose overall performance is used as a standard to measure the investment performance of a particular market. Some indexes represent entire markets, such as the U.S. stock market, while others cover a segment of a market, such as short-term bonds. As an index fund, the Fund seeks to track the performance of its target index regardless of how the target index is performing. The advisor’s use of an indexing, or passive, approach to select and maintain investments for the Fund means that the advisor will select securities based on their inclusion in the target index and will not use strategies to reduce negative impacts to the Fund during periods of market volatility. As a result, the Fund performance may be lower than it would be if the Fund were actively managed.

One cannot invest directly in an index. Instead, an index fund’s advisor will typically seek to hold all, or substantially all, of the securities that make up the fund’s target index (often referred to as “replicating” an index or a “full replication” approach) or a representative sample of the securities that make up a fund’s target index (often referred to as “sampling” an index).

11

   

The Fund is subject to index sampling risk, which is the chance that the securities selected for the Fund, in the aggregate, will not provide investment performance matching that of the Fund’s target index. Index sampling risk for the Fund is expected to be low.

As an index fund, the Fund is subject to tracking error. It is important to understand that an index fund will never perform exactly the same as its target index because, among other things, an index fund will have operating expenses and transaction costs and its target index will not. Beyond these inherent differences between the operation of an index fund and the operation of its target index, there are a variety of other factors that can cause or result in tracking error. These may include, but are not limited to:

• Price differences between the securities held by an index fund and those included in its target index

• Cash flows into or out of an index fund

• The size of an index fund

• Compliance with new or existing regulatory requirements

• Portfolio transactions carried out by an index fund’s advisor to minimize the distribution of capital gains

• Changes to the underlying securities that make up an index fund’s target index

• Errors made by the index provider

Tracking error risk may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. An index fund that samples its target index may be more likely to experience tracking error than an index fund that replicates its target index.

The Fund is subject to risks associated with the provider of its target index. The index provider determines which securities to include in the target index and how the securities are weighted. The index provider does not provide any warranty or accept any liability with respect to the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the target index or any data used to compile the target index. Under normal circumstances, the index provider will rebalance (update) the target index on a regular schedule. The index provider may rebalance the target index outside of the regular schedule or delay or cancel a scheduled rebalance, which could result in added costs for the Fund or cause the Fund to experience tracking error. The index provider may make errors, and it is possible that such errors may not be identified by the index provider for a period of time or at all. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will

12

generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund shareholders. Vanguard does not provide any warranty or guarantee against errors made by the index provider.

Ownership Limitations

As the assets managed by Vanguard and its external advisors continue to grow, the securities held by Vanguard funds increasingly are impacted by ownership limitations. Ownership limitations restrict the amount that funds can invest in certain securities, due to either regulatory limits that apply to certain industries (for example, banking and utilities) or mechanisms that some issuers have in place to deter takeover attempts (for example, poison pills). These restrictions can have negative impacts on funds, including the inability of an index fund to track its index, the inability of a fund to meet its investment objectives, negative performance impacts, and unanticipated tax consequences. The impact of a particular ownership limitation on a Vanguard fund will vary based on several factors, including, but not limited to, the industry to which the limitation applies, the country or region of a particular issuer, and the regulatory body imposing the limitation. In addition to the impacts of specific ownership limitations, Vanguard is also subject to the risk of multiple ownership limitations applying at one time, which could increase the likelihood of a fund experiencing the negative impacts listed above. Vanguard attempts to mitigate the impacts of ownership limitations on Vanguard funds through the various methods discussed below in Methods to address ownership limitations. However, it is possible that these methods will be unsuccessful.

Impacts of ownership limitations. When an ownership limitation applies, Vanguard may need to tell the Vanguard funds how much of impacted securities each fund can buy and hold. When this occurs, a Vanguard fund may not be able to buy additional securities or continue to hold existing securities above its allocated amounts. For index funds, this can result in tracking error if a fund cannot buy or hold the securities it needs in order to replicate or sample its target index. For active funds, this can result in a fund’s advisor not being able to take advantage of favorable opportunities to invest in securities that are subject to limitations. For both index and active funds, the inability to buy or hold securities could prevent a fund from being able to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or could negatively impact the fund’s performance. In addition, the steps Vanguard and the Vanguard funds take to address ownership limitations could result in additional costs and/or unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders. The more assets Vanguard and its third-party advisors manage, the more likely it is that ownership limitations could affect Vanguard funds negatively.

13

Methods to address ownership limitations. Vanguard and the Vanguard funds try to manage the negative impacts that ownership limitations could have on the Vanguard funds by seeking permission (relief) from regulators and/or issuers to purchase or hold more securities than the amount allowed by ownership limitations. However, it is not always possible to secure relief, and there is an increasing amount of uncertainty around how much ownership limitations relief regulators will grant to asset managers like Vanguard. Given this uncertainty, there is no guarantee that Vanguard or the Vanguard funds will be able to obtain additional relief from ownership limitations in the future. In addition, the relief upon which Vanguard and the Vanguard funds currently rely, which has allowed Vanguard to exceed certain ownership limitations, could be reduced or revoked, forcing the Vanguard funds to sell down one or more securities to comply with the ownership limitations. If a fund has to sell securities, there could be negative impacts to fund performance as well as unanticipated tax consequences that could impact the amount, timing, and character of distributions to the fund’s shareholders.

When a Vanguard fund cannot buy or hold securities directly due to ownership limitations, the fund will typically try to get indirect exposure to impacted securities. The fund does this so that it can replicate as closely as possible the returns the fund would get if it directly owned the impacted securities. Indirect exposure can be accomplished through the use of derivatives, such as total return swaps, or by investing in wholly owned subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these methods of obtaining indirect exposure increase fund costs, and, depending on the extent to which these alternatives are used by a fund to avoid exceeding ownership limits, the added costs could have a negative impact on the fund’s performance. The risks of derivatives use are discussed elsewhere in the prospectus.

The FTSE Global All Cap Index. The FTSE Global All Cap Index is maintained by FTSE Group (FTSE), a widely known global index provider.
  Depositary receipts. The Fund, in most cases, will obtain economic exposure to stocks of its target index (component securities) by investing directly in the component securities. However, the Fund reserves the right to obtain economic exposure to component securities indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) of the component securities. Depositary receipts are securities that are listed on exchanges or quoted in over-the-counter markets in one country but represent shares of issuers domiciled in another country. Generally, the Fund will hold depositary receipts only when the advisor believes that the Fund would benefit from holding the depositary receipt, rather than the underlying component security. For example, the Fund might opt to hold depositary receipts if the foreign market in which a stock trades does not provide

14

adequate protection to the rights of foreign investors or if government regulators place restrictions on the free flow of capital or currency. The Fund treats depositary receipts that represent interests in component securities as component securities for purposes of any requirements related to the percentage of component securities held in the Fund’s portfolio.

Other Investment Policies and Risks

The Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the index it currently tracks if the current index is discontinued, if the Fund’s agreement with the provider of its target index is terminated, or for any other reason determined in good faith by the Fund’s board of trustees. In any such instance, the substitute index would represent the same market segment as the current index.

The Fund may invest, to a limited extent, in equity futures and options contracts, warrants, convertible securities, and swap agreements, all of which are types of derivatives. Generally speaking, a derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on the value of a financial asset (such as a stock, a bond, or a currency), a physical asset (such as gold, oil, or wheat), a market index, or a reference rate. Investments in derivatives may subject the Fund to risks different from, and possibly greater than, those of investments directly in the underlying securities or assets. The Fund will not use derivatives for speculation or for the purpose of leveraging (magnifying) investment returns.

The Fund may enter into foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which are a type of derivative, in order to maintain the same currency exposure as its respective index. A foreign currency exchange forward contract is an agreement to buy or sell a currency at a specific price on a specific date, usually 30, 60, or 90 days in the future. In other words, the contract guarantees an exchange rate on a given date. These contracts, however, would not prevent the Fund’s securities from falling in value as a result of risks other than unfavorable currency exchange movements. The Fund may use these contracts to manage currency exposure and to settle trades in a foreign currency.

Cash Management

The Fund’s daily cash balance may be invested in Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, a government money market fund, and/or Vanguard Municipal Low Duration Fund, a short-term municipal bond fund (each, a CMT Fund). When investing in a CMT Fund, the Fund bears its proportionate share of the expenses of the CMT Fund in which it invests. Vanguard receives no additional revenue from Fund assets invested in a CMT Fund.

15

Redemption Requests

Methods used to meet redemption requests. Under normal circumstances, the Fund typically expects to meet redemptions with positive cash flows. When this is not an option, the Fund seeks to maintain its risk exposure by selling a cross section of the Fund’s holdings to meet redemptions, while also factoring in transaction costs. Additionally, the Fund may work with larger clients to implement their redemptions in a manner that is least disruptive to the portfolio; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Under certain circumstances, including under stressed market conditions, there are additional tools that the Fund may use in order to meet redemptions, including advancing the settlement of market trades with counterparties to match investor redemption payments or delaying settlement of an investor’s transaction to match trade settlement within regulatory requirements. The Fund may also suspend payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven days; see “Emergency circumstances” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section. Additionally under these unusual circumstances, the Fund may borrow money (subject to certain regulatory conditions and if available under board-approved procedures) through an interfund lending facility; through a bank line-of-credit, including a joint committed credit facility; or through an uncommitted line-of-credit from Vanguard in order to meet redemption requests.

Potential redemption activity impacts. Vanguard funds can be negatively impacted by certain large redemptions. These redemptions could occur due to a single shareholder or multiple shareholders deciding to sell a large quantity of shares of a fund or a share class of the fund. Large redemptions can occur for many reasons, either as a result of actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates, or as a result of events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard or its affiliates. Actions taken by Vanguard could include, but are not limited to, changes to a fund’s advisor(s), changes to a fund’s portfolio manager(s), changes to the composition of a fund’s portfolio, and/or other product changes or launches that, for example, result in shareholders redeeming shares of one fund to purchase shares of another fund or investment vehicle. For a fund of funds, actions taken by Vanguard could include a withdrawal from an underlying fund or a change in the allocation to underlying funds. Events unrelated to actions taken by Vanguard could include shareholders selling out of a fund in response to market movements or regulatory changes.

A large redemption could adversely affect a fund’s liquidity and net asset value (NAV). For example, a large redemption could require a fund’s manager to sell portfolio holdings at unplanned or inopportune times. The manager’s sale of these holdings, which is a taxable event, could require the fund to distribute any

16

corresponding capital gains or other taxable income to the fund’s remaining shareholders; see Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes for additional information. The increased trading activity could also increase underlying costs for the fund due to commissions paid by the fund. When large redemptions occur, the Vanguard funds reserve the right to pay all or part of the redemptions in-kind and/or delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days; see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” under Redeeming Shares in the Investing With Vanguard section.

Temporary Investment Measures

The Fund may temporarily depart from its normal investment policies and strategies when the advisor believes that doing so is in the Fund’s best interest, so long as the strategy or policy employed is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. For instance, the Fund may invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives or exchange-traded funds that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective when those instruments are more favorably priced or provide needed liquidity, as might be the case when the Fund receives large cash flows that it cannot prudently invest immediately. A Fund may also invest beyond its normal limits in derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the Fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry.

Frequent Trading or Market-Timing

Background. Some investors try to profit from strategies involving frequent trading of mutual fund shares, such as market-timing. For funds holding foreign securities, investors may try to take advantage of an anticipated difference between the price of the fund’s shares and price movements in overseas markets, a practice also known as time-zone arbitrage. Investors also may try to engage in frequent trading of funds holding investments such as small-cap stocks and high-yield bonds. As money is shifted into and out of a fund by a shareholder engaging in frequent trading, the fund incurs costs for buying and selling securities, resulting in increased brokerage and administrative costs. These costs are borne by all fund shareholders, including the long-term investors who do not generate the costs. In addition, frequent trading may interfere with an advisor’s ability to efficiently manage the fund.

Policies to address frequent trading. The Vanguard funds (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) do not knowingly accommodate frequent trading. The board of trustees of each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) has adopted policies and procedures

17

reasonably designed to detect and discourage frequent trading and, in some cases, to compensate the fund for the costs associated with it. These policies and procedures do not apply to ETF Shares because frequent trading in ETF Shares generally does not disrupt portfolio management or otherwise harm fund shareholders. Although there is no assurance that Vanguard will be able to detect or prevent frequent trading or market-timing in all circumstances, the following policies have been adopted to address these issues:

• Each Vanguard fund reserves the right to reject any purchase request—including exchanges from other Vanguard funds—without notice and regardless of size. For example, a purchase request could be rejected because the investor has a history of frequent trading or if Vanguard determines that such purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

• Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds, but including Vanguard Short-Term Inflation-Protected Securities Index Fund) generally prohibits, except as otherwise noted in the Investing With Vanguard section, an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account.

• Certain Vanguard funds charge shareholders purchase and/or redemption fees on transactions.

See the Investing With Vanguard section of this prospectus for further details on Vanguard’s transaction policies.

Each Vanguard fund (other than retail and government money market funds), in determining its net asset value, will use fair-value pricing when appropriate, as described in the Share Price section. Fair-value pricing may reduce or eliminate the profitability of certain frequent-trading strategies.

Do not invest with Vanguard if you are a market-timer.

A precautionary note to investment companies: The Fund’s shares are issued by a registered investment company, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act). SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a fund of funds investment agreement.

18

Turnover Rate

Although the Fund generally seeks to invest for the long term, it may sell securities regardless of how long they have been held. Generally, an index fund sells securities in response to redemption requests from shareholders of conventional (not exchange-traded) shares or to changes in the composition of its target index. The Financial Highlights section of this prospectus shows historical turnover rates for the Fund. A turnover rate of 100%, for example, would mean that the Fund had sold and replaced securities valued at 100% of its net assets within a one-year period. In general, the greater the turnover rate, the greater the impact transaction costs will have on a fund’s return. Also, funds with high turnover rates may be more likely to generate capital gains, including short-term capital gains, that must be distributed to shareholders and will be taxable to shareholders investing through a taxable account.

The Fund and Vanguard

The Fund is a member of The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), a family of over 200 funds. All of the funds that are members of Vanguard (other than funds of funds) share in the expenses associated with administrative services and business operations, such as personnel, office space, and equipment.

Vanguard Marketing Corporation provides marketing services to the funds. Although fund shareholders do not pay sales commissions or 12b-1 distribution fees, each fund (other than a fund of funds) or each share class of a fund (in the case of a fund with multiple share classes) pays its allocated share of the Vanguard funds’ marketing costs. 

Plain Talk About Vanguard’s Unique Corporate Structure

Vanguard is owned jointly by the funds it oversees and thus indirectly by the

shareholders in those funds. Most other mutual funds are operated by

management companies that are owned by third parties—either public or

private stockholders—and not by the funds they serve.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc., P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482, which began operations in 1975, serves as advisor to the Fund through its Equity Index Group. As of October 31, 2024, Vanguard served as advisor for approximately

19

$8.4 trillion in assets. Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Fund pursuant to the Funds’ Service Agreement and subject to the supervision and oversight of the trustees and officers of the Fund.

For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, the advisory expenses represented an effective annual rate of 0.01% of the Fund’s average net assets.

Under the terms of an SEC exemption, the Fund’s board of trustees may, without prior approval from shareholders, change the terms of an advisory agreement with a third-party investment advisor or hire a new third-party investment advisor—either as a replacement for an existing advisor or as an additional advisor. Any significant change in the Fund’s advisory arrangements will be communicated to shareholders in writing. As the Fund’s sponsor and overall manager, Vanguard may provide investment advisory services to the Fund at any time. Vanguard may also recommend to the board of trustees that an advisor be hired, terminated, or replaced or that the terms of an existing advisory agreement be revised. The Fund has filed an application seeking a similar SEC exemption with respect to investment advisors that are wholly owned subsidiaries of Vanguard. If the exemption is granted, the Fund may rely on the new SEC relief.

For a discussion of why the board of trustees approved the Fund’s investment advisory arrangement, see the semiannual report to shareholders covering the fiscal period ended April 30, 2024.

The managers primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

Christine D. Franquin, Principal of Vanguard. She has managed investment portfolios since joining Vanguard in 2000 and has managed the Fund since 2013 (co-managed since 2016). Education: B.A., Universitaire Faculteiten Sint-Ignatius Antwerpen, Belgium; J.D., University of Liege, Belgium; M.S., Clark University.

Scott E. Geiger, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2006, has worked in investment management since 2008, has managed investment portfolios since 2013, and has co-managed the Fund since 2017. Education: B.S., Millersville University.

The Fund’s Statement of Additional Information provides information about each portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts under management, and ownership of shares of the Fund.

20

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

Fund Distributions

The Fund distributes to shareholders virtually all of its net income (interest and dividends, less expenses) as well as any net short-term or long-term capital gains realized from the sale of its holdings. From time to time, the Fund may also make distributions that are treated as a return of capital. Income dividends generally are distributed quarterly in March, June, September, and December; capital gains distributions, if any, generally occur annually in December. In addition, the Fund may occasionally make a supplemental distribution at some other time during the year.

You can receive distributions of income or capital gains in cash, or you can have them automatically reinvested in more shares of the Fund. However, if you are investing through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Fund shares.

From time to time, the Fund may pay out higher-than-expected distributions. As an index fund, the Fund must adjust its holdings to reflect changes in its target index. In some cases, such changes may force an index fund to sell securities that have appreciated in value, thereby realizing a capital gain that must be distributed to shareholders. A security may move out of an index for a number of reasons, including a merger or acquisition, a substantial change in the market capitalization of the issuer, or the movement of a country from emerging market to developed market status. 

Plain Talk About Distributions

As a shareholder, you are entitled to your portion of a fund’s income from

interest and dividends as well as capital gains from the fund’s sale of

investments. Income consists of both the dividends that the fund earns from

any stock holdings and the interest it receives from any money market and

bond investments. Capital gains are realized whenever the fund sells

securities for higher prices than it paid for them. These capital gains are

either short-term or long-term, depending on whether the fund held the

securities for one year or less or for more than one year.

21

Basic Tax Points

Investors in taxable accounts should be aware of the following basic federal income tax points:

• Distributions are taxable to you whether or not you reinvest these amounts in additional Fund shares.

• Distributions declared and recorded in December—if paid to you by the end of January—are taxable as if received in December.

• Any dividend distribution or short-term capital gains that you receive is taxable to you as ordinary income. If you are an individual and meet certain holding-period requirements with respect to your Fund shares, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on “qualified dividend income,” if any, or a special tax deduction on “qualified REIT dividends,” if any, distributed by the Fund.

• Any distribution of net long-term capital gains is taxable to you as long-term capital gains, no matter how long you have owned shares in the Fund.

• Capital gains distributions can occur when the Fund sells assets at a gain. Capital gains distributions vary from year to year as a result of the Fund’s investment activities and cash flows, including those due to redemption activity by Fund shareholders.

• Capital gains distributions may occur if Vanguard makes changes that would impact the Fund directly or indirectly, including if Vanguard makes changes to the Fund’s portfolio or to any other Vanguard fund or product that would involve the redemption of shares of the Fund and the related sale of the Fund’s underlying investments.

• Your cost basis in the Fund will be decreased by the amount of any return of capital that you receive. This, in turn, will affect the amount of any capital gain or loss that you realize when selling or exchanging your Fund shares.

• Return of capital distributions generally are not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero. If your cost basis is at zero, return of capital distributions will be treated as capital gains.

• A sale or exchange of Fund shares is a taxable event. This means that you may have a capital gain to report as income, or a capital loss to report as a deduction, when you complete your tax return.

• Any conversion between classes of shares of the same fund is a nontaxable event. By contrast, an exchange between classes of shares of different funds is a taxable event.

• Vanguard (or your intermediary) will send you a statement each year showing the tax status of all of your distributions.

22

Individuals, trusts, and estates whose income exceeds certain threshold amounts are subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on “net investment income.” Net investment income takes into account distributions paid by the Fund and capital gains from any sale or exchange of Fund shares.

Dividend distributions and capital gains distributions that you receive, as well as your gains or losses from any sale or exchange of Fund shares, may be subject to state and local income taxes.

The Fund may be subject to foreign taxes or foreign tax withholding on dividends, interest, and some capital gains that it receives on foreign securities. If at the end of the taxable year more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets consists of securities of foreign corporations, and the Fund makes a special election, you will generally be required to include in your income, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, your share of the qualifying foreign income taxes paid by the Fund in respect of its foreign portfolio securities. There is no assurance that the Fund will make this election for a taxable year, even if it is eligible to do so. You may qualify for an offsetting credit or deduction under U.S. tax laws for any amount designated as your portion of the Fund’s foreign tax obligations, provided that you meet certain requirements. See your tax advisor or IRS publications for more information.

This prospectus provides general tax information only. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. Please consult your tax advisor for detailed information about any tax consequences for you. 

Plain Talk About Buying a Dividend

Unless you are a tax-exempt investor or investing through a tax-advantaged

account (such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings

plan), you should consider avoiding a purchase of fund shares shortly before

the fund makes a distribution, because doing so can cost you money in

taxes. This is known as “buying a dividend.” For example: On December 15,

you invest $5,000, buying 250 shares for $20 each. If the fund pays a

distribution of $1 per share on December 16, its share price will drop to $19

(not counting market change). You still have only $5,000 (250 shares x $19 =

$4,750 in share value, plus 250 shares x $1 = $250 in distributions), but you

owe tax on the $250 distribution you received—even if you reinvest it in more

shares. To avoid buying a dividend, check a fund’s distribution schedule

before you invest.

23

General Information

Backup withholding. By law, Vanguard must withhold 24% of any taxable distributions or redemptions from your account if you do not:

• Provide your correct taxpayer identification number.

• Certify that the taxpayer identification number is correct.

• Confirm that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Similarly, Vanguard (or your intermediary) must withhold taxes from your account if the IRS instructs us to do so.

Special notice to non-U.S. investors. The Fund offered for sale in this prospectus are primarily intended to be made available to U.S. residents and may not be appropriate for investors taxable outside of the United States. Non-U.S. investors should visit the non-U.S. investors page on our website at global.vanguard.com for information about Vanguard’s non-U.S. products.

Non-U.S. investors should be aware that U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, as well as any non-U.S. taxes imposed by the investor’s relevant tax jurisdiction, may apply to an investment in the Fund. Non-U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of their investment in the Fund.

Share Price

Share price, also known as NAV, is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. Each share class has its own NAV, which is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Fund does not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of the Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

Stocks held by a Vanguard fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available from the principal exchange or market on which they are traded. Such securities are generally valued at their official closing price, the last reported sales price, or if there were no sales that day, the

24

mean between the closing bid and asking prices. When a fund determines that market quotations either are not readily available or do not accurately reflect the value of a security, the security is priced at fair value (the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive upon the current sale of the security).

The values of any foreign securities held by a fund are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate obtained from an independent third party as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. The values of any mutual fund shares, including institutional money market fund shares, held by a fund are based on the NAVs of the shares. The values of any ETF shares or closed-end fund shares held by a fund are based on the market value of the shares.

A fund also will use fair-value pricing if the value of a security it holds has been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the principal exchange or market on which the security is traded. This most commonly occurs with foreign securities, which may trade on foreign exchanges that close many hours before the fund’s pricing time. Intervening events might be company-specific (e.g., earnings report, merger announcement) or country-specific or regional/global (e.g., natural disaster, economic or political news, interest rate change, act of terrorism). Intervening events include price movements in U.S. markets that exceed a specified threshold or that are otherwise deemed to affect the value of foreign securities.

Fair-value pricing may be used for domestic securities—for example, if (1) trading in a security is halted and does not resume before the fund’s pricing time or a security does not trade in the course of a day and (2) the fund holds enough of the security that its price could affect the NAV.

Fair-value prices are determined by Vanguard according to procedures adopted by the board of trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a fund to calculate the NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

The Fund has authorized certain financial intermediaries and their designees, and may, from time to time, authorize certain funds of funds for which Vanguard serves as the investment advisor (Vanguard Funds of Funds), to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on its behalf. The Fund will be deemed to receive an order when accepted by the financial intermediary, its designee, or one of the Vanguard Funds of Funds, and the order will receive the NAV next computed by the Fund after such acceptance.
 
Vanguard fund share prices are published daily on our website at vanguard.com/prices.

25

Financial Highlights

Financial highlights information is intended to help you understand a fund’s performance for the past five years (or, if shorter, its period of operations). Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. Total return represents the rate that an investor would have earned or lost each period on an investment in a fund or share class (assuming reinvestment of all distributions). This information has been obtained from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with fund financial statements, is included in a fund’s most recent annual Financial Statements and Other Information. You may obtain a free copy of a fund’s latest disclosure documents upon request.

Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares 

For a Share Outstanding Throughout Each Period	Year Ended October 31,
	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period	$184.60	$171.14	$218.40	$161.08	$156.89
Investment Operations
Net Investment Income1	4.239	4.053	4.097	3.694	3.176
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments	54.626	13.428	(47.209)	57.129	4.265
Total from Investment Operations	58.865	17.481	(43.112)	60.823	7.441
Distributions
Dividends from Net Investment Income	(4.505)	(4.021)	(4.148)	(3.503)	(3.251)
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains	—	—	—	—	—
Total Distributions	(4.505)	(4.021)	(4.148)	(3.503)	(3.251)
Net Asset Value, End of Period	$238.96	$184.60	$171.14	$218.40	$161.08
Total Return	32.11%	10.20%	-19.91%	37.97%	4.87%
Ratios/Supplemental Data
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions)	$4,931	$3,965	$4,134	$3,883	$3,107
Ratio of Total Expenses to Average Net Assets	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%2	0.08%	0.08%
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets	1.90%	2.15%	2.14%	1.83%	2.03%
Portfolio Turnover Rate3	3%	4%	4%	6%	6%

 

1	Calculated based on average shares outstanding.
2	The ratio of expenses to average net assets for the period net of reduction from custody fee offset arrangements was 0.08%.
3	Excludes the value of portfolio securities received or delivered as a result of in-kind purchases or redemptions of the fund’s capital shares, including ETF Creation Units.

26

Investing With Vanguard

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of doing business with Vanguard. Vanguard fund shares can be held indirectly through an intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. If you hold Vanguard fund shares indirectly through an intermediary (including shares held in a brokerage account through Vanguard Brokerage Services®), please see Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms, and also refer to your account agreement with the intermediary for information about transacting in that account. If you hold Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, please see Employer-Sponsored Plans. Vanguard reserves the right to change the policies in this section without notice. Please call or check online for current information. See Contacting Vanguard.

In certain circumstances, Vanguard fund shares can be held directly with Vanguard. If you hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard, you should carefully read each topic within this section that pertains to your relationship with Vanguard. Vanguard reserves the right, upon reasonable notice, to discontinue the ability to hold Vanguard fund shares directly with Vanguard for any or all investors and/or to transfer such shares to an affiliate or other financial institution.

For Vanguard fund shares held directly with Vanguard, each fund you hold in an account is a separate “fund account.” For example, if you hold three funds in a nonretirement account titled in your own name, two funds in a nonretirement account titled jointly with your spouse, and one fund in an individual retirement account, you have six fund accounts—and this is true even if you hold the same fund in multiple accounts. Note that each reference to “you” in this prospectus applies to any one or more registered account owners or persons authorized to transact on your account.

Purchasing Shares

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to increase or decrease the minimum amount required to open, convert shares to, or maintain a fund account or to add to an existing fund account.

Investment minimums may differ for certain categories of investors.

Account Minimums for Institutional Shares

To open and maintain an account. $5 million. If you request Institutional Shares when you open a new account but the investment amount does not meet the account minimum for Institutional Shares, your investment will be placed in another share class of the Fund, as appropriate.

27

Certain Vanguard institutional clients may meet the minimum investment amount by aggregating separate accounts within the same fund. This aggregation policy does not apply to financial intermediaries.

Vanguard may charge additional recordkeeping fees for institutional clients whose accounts are recordkept by Vanguard. Please contact your Vanguard representative to determine whether additional recordkeeping fees apply to your account.

To add to an existing account. Generally $1.

How to Initiate a Purchase Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your purchase request.

Online. You may open certain types of accounts, request a purchase of shares, and request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to begin the account registration process or request that the account-opening forms be sent to you. You may also call Vanguard to request a purchase of shares in your account or to request an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send Vanguard your account registration form and check to open a new fund account. To add to an existing fund account, you may send your check with an Invest-by-Mail form (from a transaction confirmation or your account statement) or with a deposit slip (available online).

How to Pay for a Purchase

By electronic bank transfer. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund through an electronic transfer of money from a bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate the bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can purchase shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Investment Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your purchase request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. Wiring instructions vary for different types of purchases. Please call Vanguard for instructions and policies on purchasing shares by wire. See Contacting Vanguard.

28

By check. You may make initial or additional purchases to your fund account by sending a check with a deposit slip. Also see How to Initiate a Purchase Request. Make your check payable to Vanguard and include the appropriate fund number (Vanguard—826).

By exchange. You may purchase shares of a Vanguard fund using the proceeds from the simultaneous redemption of shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail with an exchange form. See Exchanging Shares.

Trade Date

The trade date for any purchase request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request, the manner in which you are paying, and the type of fund you are purchasing. Your purchase will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For purchases by check into all funds other than money market funds and for purchases by exchange, wire, or electronic bank transfer into all funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the same day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day.

For purchases by check into money market funds: If the purchase request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date for the purchase will be the next business day. If the purchase request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date for the purchase will be the second business day following the day Vanguard receives the purchase request. Because money market instruments must be purchased with federal funds and it takes a money market mutual fund one business day to convert check proceeds into federal funds, the trade date for the purchase will be one business day later than for other funds.

29

If applicable, orders by Vanguard Funds of Funds will be treated as received by the Fund at the same time that corresponding orders are received in proper form by the Vanguard Funds of Funds.

If your purchase request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

For further information about purchase transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Purchase Rules You Should Know

Check purchases. All purchase checks must be written in U.S. dollars, be drawn on a U.S. bank, and be accompanied by good order instructions. Vanguard does not accept cash, traveler’s checks, starter checks, or money orders. In addition, Vanguard may refuse checks that are not made payable to Vanguard.

New accounts. We are required by law to obtain from you certain personal information that we will use to verify your identity. If you do not provide the information, we may not be able to open your account. If we are unable to verify your identity, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to close your account or take such other steps as we deem reasonable. Certain types of accounts may require additional documentation.

Refused or rejected purchase requests. Vanguard reserves the right to stop selling fund shares or to reject any purchase request at any time and without notice, including, but not limited to, purchases requested by exchange from another Vanguard fund. This also includes the right to reject any purchase request because the investor has a history of frequent trading or because the purchase may negatively affect a fund’s operation or performance.

Large purchases. Call Vanguard before attempting to invest a large dollar amount.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any purchase request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a purchase request.

Converting Shares

When a conversion occurs, you receive shares of one class in place of shares of another class of the same fund. At the time of conversion, the dollar value of the “new” shares you receive equals the dollar value of the “old” shares that were converted. In other words, the conversion has no effect on the value of your investment in the fund at the time of the conversion. However, the number of

30

shares you own after the conversion may be greater than or less than the number of shares you owned before the conversion, depending on the NAVs of the two share classes.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any self-directed conversion request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a conversion request.

A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event.

Trade Date

The trade date for any conversion request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request. Your conversion will be executed using the NAVs of the different share classes on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For a conversion request (other than a request to convert to ETF Shares) received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. For a conversion request received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day. See Other Rules You Should Know.

Conversions to Institutional Shares

You are eligible for a self-directed conversion from another share class to Institutional Shares of the same fund, provided that your account meets all eligibility requirements. You may request a conversion through our website (if you are registered for online access), or by telephone. Accounts that qualify for Institutional Shares will not be automatically converted.

Conversions to ETF Shares

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same fund. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or

31

recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

ETF Shares must be held in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, you must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit, temporarily suspend, or terminate the conversion privilege. For additional information on converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, please contact Vanguard to obtain a prospectus for ETF Shares. See Contacting Vanguard.

Mandatory Conversions to Another Share Class

If an account no longer meets the balance requirements for a share class, Vanguard may automatically convert the shares in the account to another share class, as appropriate. A decline in the account balance because of market movement may result in such a conversion. Vanguard will notify you in writing before any mandatory conversion occurs.

Redeeming Shares

How to Initiate a Redemption Request

Be sure to check Exchanging Shares, Frequent-Trading Limitations, and Other Rules You Should Know before placing your redemption request.

Online. You may request a redemption of shares or request an exchange through our website.

By telephone. You may call Vanguard to request a redemption of shares or an exchange. See Contacting Vanguard.

By mail. You may send a form (available online) to Vanguard to redeem from a fund account or to make an exchange.

32

How to Receive Redemption Proceeds

By electronic bank transfer. You may have the proceeds of a fund redemption sent directly to a designated bank account. To establish the electronic bank transfer service on an account, you must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form. After the service is set up on your account, you can redeem shares by electronic bank transfer on a regular schedule (Automatic Withdrawal Plan), if eligible, or upon request. Your redemption request can be initiated online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail.

By wire. To receive your proceeds by wire, you may instruct Vanguard to wire your redemption proceeds ($100 minimum) to a previously designated bank account. To establish the wire redemption service, you generally must designate a bank account online, complete a form, or fill out the appropriate section of your account registration form.

Please note that Vanguard charges a $10 wire fee for outgoing wire redemptions. The fee is assessed in addition to, rather than being withheld from, redemption proceeds and is paid directly to the fund in which you invest. For example, if you redeem $100 via a wire, you will receive the full $100, and the $10 fee will be assessed to your fund account through an additional redemption of fund shares. If you redeem your entire fund account, your redemption proceeds will be reduced by the amount of the fee. The wire fee does not apply to accounts held by Flagship and Wealth Management clients; accounts held through intermediaries, including Vanguard Brokerage Services; or accounts held by institutional clients.

By exchange. You may have the proceeds of a Vanguard fund redemption invested directly in shares of another Vanguard fund. You may initiate an exchange online (if you are registered for online access), by telephone, or by mail. See Exchanging Shares.

By check. If you have not chosen another redemption method, Vanguard will mail you a redemption check, generally payable to all registered account owners, normally within two business days of your trade date, and generally to the address of record.

Trade Date

The trade date for any redemption request received in good order will depend on the day and time Vanguard receives your request and the manner in which you are redeeming. Your redemption will be executed using the NAV as calculated on the trade date. NAVs are calculated only on days that the NYSE is open for trading (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated

33

disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, NAVs will be calculated as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The time selected for NAV calculation in this rare event shall also serve as the conclusion of the trading day. See Share Price under More on the Fund.

For redemptions by check, exchange, or wire: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from money market funds: For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day before 10:45 a.m., Eastern time (2 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Cash Reserves Federal Money Market Fund; 12:30 p.m., Eastern time, for Vanguard Federal Money Market Fund), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business the same day. For telephone requests received by Vanguard on a business day after those cut-off times, or on a nonbusiness day, and for all requests other than by telephone, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day.

• Note on timing of wire redemptions from all other funds: For requests received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the next business day. For requests received by Vanguard on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the redemption proceeds generally will leave Vanguard by the close of business on the second business day after Vanguard receives the request.

For redemptions by electronic bank transfer: If the redemption request is received by Vanguard on a business day before the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4 p.m., Eastern time), the trade date will be the same day. If the redemption request is received on a business day after the close of regular trading on the NYSE, or on a nonbusiness day, the trade date will be the next business day.

If your redemption request is not accurate and complete, it may be rejected. If we are unable to send your redemption proceeds by wire or electronic bank transfer because the receiving institution rejects the transfer, Vanguard will make

34

additional efforts to complete your transaction. If Vanguard is still unable to complete the transaction, we may send the proceeds of the redemption to you by check, generally payable to all registered account owners, or use your proceeds to purchase new shares of the fund from which you sold shares for the purpose of the wire or electronic bank transfer transaction. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order.

If your redemption request is received in good order, we typically expect that redemption proceeds will be paid by the Fund within one business day of the trade date; however, in certain circumstances, investors may experience a longer settlement period at the time of the transaction. For further information, see “Potentially disruptive redemptions” and “Emergency circumstances.”

For further information about redemption transactions, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Other Redemption Rules You Should Know

Documentation for certain accounts. Special documentation may be required to redeem from certain types of accounts, such as trust, corporate, nonprofit, or retirement accounts. Please call us before attempting to redeem from these types of accounts.

Potentially disruptive redemptions. Vanguard reserves the right to pay all or part of a redemption in kind—that is, in the form of securities—if we reasonably believe that a cash redemption would negatively affect the fund’s operation or performance or that the shareholder may be engaged in market-timing or frequent trading. Under these circumstances, Vanguard also reserves the right to delay payment of the redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. By calling us before you attempt to redeem a large dollar amount, you may avoid in-kind or delayed payment of your redemption. Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations for information about Vanguard’s policies to limit frequent trading.

Recently purchased shares. Although you can redeem shares at any time, proceeds may not be made available to you until the fund collects payment for your purchase. This may take up to seven calendar days for shares purchased by check or by electronic bank transfer. If you have written a check on a fund in an account with checkwriting privileges, that check may be rejected if your fund account does not have a sufficient available balance.

Address change. If you change your address online or by telephone, there may be up to a 14-day restriction (starting on the business day after your address is changed) on your ability to request check redemptions online and by telephone.

35

You can request a redemption in writing (using a form available online) at any time. Confirmations of address changes are sent to both the old and new addresses.

Payment to a different person or address. At your request, we can make your redemption check payable, or wire your redemption proceeds, to a different person or send it to a different address. However, this generally requires the written consent of all registered account owners and may require additional documentation, such as a signature guarantee or a notarized signature. You may obtain a signature guarantee from some commercial or savings banks, credit unions, trust companies, or member firms of a U.S. stock exchange.

No cancellations. Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any redemption request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing a redemption request.

Emergency circumstances. Vanguard funds can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, Vanguard funds can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days at times when the NYSE is closed or during emergency circumstances, as determined by the SEC.

Exchanging Shares

An exchange occurs when you use the proceeds from the redemption of shares of one Vanguard fund to simultaneously purchase shares of a different Vanguard fund. You can make exchange requests online (if you are registered for online access) or by telephone. See Purchasing Shares and Redeeming Shares.

If the NYSE is open for regular trading (generally until 4 p.m., Eastern time, on a business day) at the time an exchange request is received in good order, the trade date generally will be the same day. See Other Rules You Should Know—Good Order for additional information on all transaction requests.

Vanguard will not accept your request to cancel any exchange request once processing has begun. Please be careful when placing an exchange request.

Call Vanguard before attempting to exchange a large dollar amount. By calling us before you attempt to exchange a large dollar amount, you may avoid delayed or rejected transactions.

36

Please note that Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise or terminate the exchange privilege, limit the amount of any exchange, or reject an exchange, at any time, for any reason. See Frequent-Trading Limitations for additional restrictions on exchanges.

Frequent-Trading Limitations

Because excessive transactions can disrupt management of a fund and increase the fund’s costs for all shareholders, the board of trustees of each Vanguard fund places certain limits on frequent trading in the funds. Each Vanguard fund (other than money market funds and short-term bond funds) limits an investor’s purchases or exchanges into a fund account for 30 calendar days after the investor has redeemed or exchanged out of that fund account. ETF Shares are not subject to these frequent-trading limits.

For Vanguard Retirement Investment Program pooled plans, the limitations apply to exchanges made online or by telephone.

These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following:

• Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard.

• In-kind transfers to a shareholder’s donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Transactions through Vanguard’s Automatic Investment Plan, Automatic Exchange Service, Direct Deposit Service, Automatic Withdrawal Plan, Required Minimum Distribution Service, Vanguard Small Business Online®, and certain transactions through intermediaries relating to systematic trades and required minimum distributions.

• Discretionary transactions through Vanguard Personal Advisor Services®, Vanguard Institutional Advisory Services®, Vanguard Digital Advisor™, and discretionary (advisor-directed) transactions through certain intermediaries.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Redemptions of shares to remove excess shareholder contributions to certain types of retirement accounts (including, but not limited to, IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans).

• Transfers and reregistrations of shares within the same fund.

• Purchases of shares by asset transfer or direct rollover.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

37

• Checkwriting redemptions.

• Section 529 college savings plans.

• Certain approved institutional portfolios and asset allocation programs, as well as trades made by funds or trusts managed by Vanguard or its affiliates that invest in other Vanguard funds. (Please note that shareholders of Vanguard’s funds of funds are subject to the limitations.)

For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to:

• Purchases of shares with participant payroll or employer contributions or loan repayments.

• Purchases of shares with reinvested dividend or capital gains distributions.

• Distributions, loans, and in-service withdrawals from a plan.

• Redemptions of shares as part of a plan termination or at the direction of the plan.

• Transactions executed through the Vanguard Managed Account Program.

• Redemptions of shares to pay fund or account fees.

• Share or asset transfers or rollovers.

• Reregistrations of shares.

• Conversions of shares from one share class to another in the same fund.

• Exchange requests submitted by written request to Vanguard. (Exchange requests submitted by fax, if otherwise permitted, are subject to the limitations.)

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain Individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

Accounts Held by Institutions (Other Than Defined Contribution Plans)

Vanguard will systematically monitor for frequent trading in institutional clients’ accounts. If we detect suspicious trading activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action, which may include applying to a client’s accounts the 30-day policy previously described, prohibiting a client’s purchases of fund shares, and/or revoking the client’s exchange privilege.

Accounts Held by Intermediaries

When intermediaries establish accounts in Vanguard funds for the benefit of their clients, we cannot always monitor the trading activity of the individual clients. However, we review trading activity at the intermediary (omnibus) level, and if we detect suspicious activity, we will investigate and take appropriate action. If

38

necessary, Vanguard may prohibit additional purchases of fund shares by an intermediary, including for the benefit of certain of the intermediary’s clients. Intermediaries also may monitor their clients’ trading activities with respect to Vanguard funds.

For those Vanguard funds that charge purchase and/or redemption fees, intermediaries will be asked to assess these fees on client accounts and remit these fees to the funds. The application of purchase and redemption fees and frequent-trading limitations may vary among intermediaries. There are no assurances that Vanguard will successfully identify all intermediaries or that intermediaries will properly assess purchase and redemption fees or administer frequent-trading limitations. If you invest with Vanguard through an intermediary, please read that firm’s materials carefully to learn of any other rules or fees that may apply.

Other Rules You Should Know

Prospectus and Shareholder Report Mailings

When two or more shareholders have the same last name and address, just one summary prospectus (or prospectus) and/or shareholder report may be sent in an attempt to eliminate the unnecessary expense of duplicate mailings. You may request individual prospectuses and reports by contacting our Client Services Department in writing, by telephone, or online. See Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard.com

Registration. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can review your account holdings; buy, sell, or exchange shares of most Vanguard funds; and perform most other transactions through our website. You must register for this service online.

Electronic delivery. Vanguard can deliver your account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses, certain tax forms, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of vanguard.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging on and changing your mailing preferences under “Account Maintenance.” You can revoke your electronic consent at any time through our website, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within 30 days of receiving your revocation.

Telephone Transactions

Automatic. When we set up your account, we will automatically enable you to do business with us by telephone, unless you instruct us otherwise in writing.

39

Proof of a caller’s authority. We reserve the right to refuse a telephone request if the caller is unable to provide the requested information or if we reasonably believe that the caller is not an individual authorized to act on the account. Before we allow a caller to act on an account, we may request the following information:

• Authorization to act on the account (as the account owner or by legal documentation or other means).

• Account registration and address.

• Fund name and account number, if applicable.

• Other information relating to the caller, the account owner, or the account.

Good Order

We reserve the right to reject any transaction instructions that are not in “good order.” Good order generally means that your instructions:

• Are provided by the person(s) authorized in accordance with Vanguard’s policies and procedures to access the account and request transactions.

• Include the fund name and account number.

• Include the amount of the transaction (stated in dollars, shares, or percentage).

Written instructions also must generally be provided on a Vanguard form and include:

• Signature(s) and date from the authorized person(s).

• Signature guarantees or notarized signatures, if required for the type of transaction. (Call Vanguard for specific requirements.)

• Any supporting documentation that may be required.

Good order requirements may vary among types of accounts and transactions. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to revise the requirements for good order.

Future Trade-Date Requests

Vanguard does not accept requests to hold a purchase, conversion, redemption, or exchange transaction for a future date. All such requests will receive trade dates as previously described in Purchasing Shares, Converting Shares, Redeeming Shares, and Exchanging Shares. Vanguard reserves the right to return future-dated purchase checks.

40

Accounts With More Than One Owner

If an account has more than one owner or authorized person, Vanguard generally will accept instructions from any one owner or authorized person.

Responsibility for Fraud

You should take precautions to protect yourself from fraud. Keep your account-related information private, and review any account confirmations, statements, or other information that we provide to you as soon as you receive them. Let us know immediately if you discover unauthorized activity or see something on your account that you do not understand or that looks unusual.

Vanguard will not be responsible for losses that result from transactions by a person who we reasonably believe is authorized to act on your account.

Uncashed Checks

Please cash your distribution or redemption checks promptly. Vanguard will not pay interest on uncashed checks. Vanguard may be required to transfer assets related to uncashed checks to a state under the state’s abandoned property law.

Invalid Addresses

If a dividend distribution or capital gains distribution check mailed to your address of record is returned as undeliverable, Vanguard will automatically reinvest the distribution and all future distributions until you provide us with a valid mailing address. Reinvestments will receive the net asset value calculated on the date of the reinvestment.

Dormant Accounts

If your account has no activity in it for a period of time, Vanguard may be required to transfer it to a state under the state’s abandoned property law, subject to potential federal or state withholding taxes.

Unusual Circumstances

If you experience difficulty contacting Vanguard online or by telephone, you can send us your transaction request on a Vanguard form by regular or express mail.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

You may purchase or sell shares of most Vanguard funds through a financial intermediary, such as a bank, a broker, or an investment advisor. Please consult your financial intermediary to determine which, if any, shares are available through that firm and to learn about other rules that may apply. Your financial

41

intermediary can provide you with account information and any required tax forms. You may be required to pay a commission on purchases of mutual fund shares made through a financial intermediary.

Please see Frequent-Trading Limitations—Accounts Held by Intermediaries for information about the assessment of any purchase or redemption fees and the monitoring of frequent trading for accounts held by intermediaries.

Low-Balance Accounts

The Fund reserves the right to convert an investor’s Institutional Shares to another share class, as appropriate, if the fund account balance falls below the account minimum for any reason, including market fluctuation. Any such conversion will be preceded by written notice to the investor.

Right to Change Policies

In addition to the rights expressly stated elsewhere in this prospectus, Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud, financial exploitation or abuse, or to protect vulnerable investors, when permitted by applicable law, regulations, or SEC guidance; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

42

Share Classes

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to change the eligibility requirements of its share classes, including the types of clients who are eligible to purchase each share class.

Shareholder Rights

The Fund’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended, requires a shareholder bringing a derivative action on behalf of Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) that is subject to a pre-suit demand to collectively hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which the demand relates and to undertake to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any counsel or advisors used when considering the merits of the demand in the event that the board of trustees determines not to bring such action. In each case, these requirements do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such application. The Trust’s Bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Fund and Account Updates

Confirmation Statements

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) a confirmation of your trade date and the amount of your transaction when you buy, sell, exchange, or convert shares. However, we will not send confirmations reflecting only checkwriting redemptions or the reinvestment of dividend or capital gains distributions. For any month in which you had a checkwriting redemption, a Checkwriting Activity Statement will be sent to you itemizing the checkwriting redemptions for that month. Promptly review each confirmation statement that we provide to you. It is important that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on a confirmation statement, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Portfolio Summaries

We will send (or provide through our website, whichever you prefer) quarterly portfolio summaries to help you keep track of your accounts throughout the year. Each summary shows the market value of your account at the close of the statement period, as well as all distributions, purchases, redemptions, exchanges, transfers, and conversions for the current calendar quarter (or month). Promptly review each summary that we provide to you. It is important

43

that you contact Vanguard immediately with any questions you may have about any transaction reflected on the summary, or Vanguard will consider the transaction properly processed.

Tax Information Statements

For most accounts, Vanguard (or your intermediary) is required to provide annual tax forms to assist you in preparing your income tax returns. These forms are generally available for each calendar year early in the following year. Registered users of vanguard.com can also view certain forms through our website. Vanguard (or your intermediary) may also provide you with additional tax-related documentation. For more information, consult our website at vanguard.com or see Contacting Vanguard.

Shareholder Reports and Financial Statements

Additional information about the Fund’s investments and performance is available in the Fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports. The Fund’s Financial Statements and Other Information is filed with the SEC on Form N-CSR and available on our website.

Portfolio Holdings

Please consult the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information or our website for a description of the policies and procedures that govern disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

Employer-Sponsored Plans

Your plan administrator or your employee benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how to participate in your plan and how to elect the Fund as an investment option.

• If you have any questions about the Fund or Vanguard, including those about the Fund’s investment objective, strategies, or risks, contact Vanguard Participant Services toll-free at 800-523-1188 or visit our website at vanguard.com.

• If you have questions about your account, contact your plan administrator or the organization that provides recordkeeping services for your plan.

• Be sure to carefully read each topic that pertains to your transactions with Vanguard.

Vanguard reserves the right to change its policies without notice to shareholders.

44

Transactions

Processing times for your transaction requests may differ among recordkeepers or among transaction and funding types. Your plan’s recordkeeper (which may also be Vanguard) will determine the necessary processing time frames for your transaction requests prior to submission to the Fund. Consult your recordkeeper or plan administrator for more information.

If Vanguard is serving as your plan recordkeeper and if your transaction involves one or more investments with an early cut-off time for processing or another trading restriction, your entire transaction will be subject to the restriction when the trade date for your transaction is determined.

45

Contacting Vanguard 

Web
Vanguard.com	For the most complete source of Vanguard news For fund, account, and service information For most account transactions For literature requests 24 hours a day, 7 days a week

 

Phone
Investor Information 800-662-7447 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For fund and service information For literature requests
Client Services 800-662-2739 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For account information For most account transactions
Participant Services 800-523-1188 (Text telephone for people with hearing impairment at 800-749-7273)	For information and services for participants in employer-sponsored plans
Institutional Division 888-809-8102	For information and services for large institutional investors
Financial Advisor and Intermediary Sales Support 800-997-2798	For information and services for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies
Financial Advisory and Intermediary Trading Support 800-669-0498	For account information and trading support for financial intermediaries including financial advisors, broker-dealers, trust institutions, and insurance companies

46

Additional Information

The Trust’s Bylaws designate Delaware courts as the sole and exclusive forum for certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust, provided that, unless the Trust otherwise consents in writing, the U.S. Federal District Courts be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of complaints under the Securities Act of 1933 or the 1940 Act. These provisions may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different forum and may result in increased shareholder costs in pursuing such a claim. 

Vanguard Fund	Inception Date	Newspaper Abbreviation	Vanguard Fund Number	CUSIP Number
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund
Institutional Shares	10/9/2008	TtlWrldIxInst	826	922042759

CGS identifiers have been provided by CUSIP Global Services, managed on behalf of the American Bankers Association by FactSet Research Systems Inc., and are not for use or dissemination in a manner that would serve as a substitute for any CUSIP service. The CUSIP Database, © 2025 American Bankers Association. “CUSIP” is a registered trademark of the American Bankers Association.

47

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under license. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a license with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

48

Glossary of Investment Terms

Capital Gains Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of gains realized on securities that a fund has sold at a profit, minus any realized losses.

Common Stock. A security representing ownership rights in a corporation.

Dividend Distributions. Payments to mutual fund shareholders of income from interest or dividends generated by a fund’s investments.

Expense Ratio. A fund’s total annual operating expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund’s average net assets. The expense ratio includes management and administrative expenses, but it does not include the transaction costs of buying and selling portfolio securities.

Float-Adjusted Index. An index that weights its constituent securities based on the value of the constituent securities that are available for public trading, rather than the value of all constituent securities. Some portion of an issuer’s securities may be unavailable for public trading because, for example, those securities are owned by company insiders on a restricted basis or by a government agency. By excluding unavailable securities, float-adjusted indexes can produce a more accurate picture of the returns actually experienced by investors in the measured market.

Inception Date. The date on which the assets of a fund (or one of its share classes) are first invested in accordance with the fund’s investment objective. For funds with a subscription period, the inception date is the day after that period ends. Investment performance is generally measured from the inception date.

Joint Committed Credit Facility. The Fund participates, along with other funds managed by Vanguard, in a committed credit facility provided by a syndicate of lenders pursuant to a credit agreement that may be renewed annually; each Vanguard fund is individually liable for its borrowings, if any, under the credit facility. The amount and terms of the committed credit facility are subject to approval by the Fund’s board of trustees and renegotiation with the lender syndicate on an annual basis.

Mutual Fund. An investment company that pools the money of many people and invests it in a variety of securities in an effort to achieve a specific objective over time.

New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). A stock exchange based in New York City that is open for regular trading on business days, Monday through Friday, from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., Eastern time.

49

Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio. The current share price of a stock, divided by its per-share earnings (profits). A stock selling for $20, with earnings of $2 per share, has a price/earnings ratio of 10.

Return of Capital. A return of capital occurs when a fund’s distributions exceed its earnings in a fiscal year. A return of capital is a return of all or part of your original investment or amounts paid in excess of your original investment in a fund. In general, a return of capital reduces your cost basis in a fund’s shares and is not taxable to you until your cost basis has been reduced to zero.

Securities. Stocks, bonds, money market instruments, and other investments.

Total Return. A percentage change, over a specified time period, in a mutual fund’s net asset value, assuming the reinvestment of all distributions of dividends and capital gains.

Volatility. The fluctuations in value of a mutual fund or other security. The greater a fund’s volatility, the wider the fluctuations in its returns.

Yield. Income (interest or dividends) earned by an investment, expressed as a percentage of the investment’s price.

50

   

This page intentionally left blank.

 

This page intentionally left blank.

This page intentionally left blank.

   

Connect with Vanguard® ˃ vanguard.com

For More Information

If you would like more information about Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund, the following documents are available free upon request:

Annual/Semiannual Reports to Shareholders and Form N-CSR

Additional information about the Fund’s investments is available in the Fund’s annual and semiannual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. In Form N-CSR, you will find the Fund’s annual and semiannual financial statements.

Statement of Additional Information (SAI)

The SAI provides more detailed information about the Fund and is incorporated by reference into (and thus legally a part of) this prospectus.

To obtain a free copy of the latest annual or semiannual report, financial statements, or the SAI, or to request additional information about the Fund or other Vanguard funds, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact us as follows:

If you are an individual investor:
Telephone: 800-662-7447; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division:
Telephone: 888-809-8102; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

If you are a current Vanguard shareholder and would like information about your account, account transactions, and/or account statements, please call:

Client Services Department
Telephone: 800-662-2739; Text telephone for people with hearing impairment: 800-749-7273

Information Provided by the SEC

Reports and other information about the Fund are available in the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at sec.gov, or you can receive copies of this information, for a fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Fund’s Investment Company Act file number: 811-05972

© 2025 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved.Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

I 826 022025

VANGUARD® INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

February 28, 2025

This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus but should be read in conjunction with a Fund’s current prospectus (dated February 28, 2025). To obtain, without charge, a prospectus, the most recent report to shareholders, or a Fund’s financial statements hereby incorporated by reference, please visit https://vgi.vg/fund-literature or contact The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard).

Phone: Investor Information Department at 800-662-7447
Online: vanguard.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Description of the Trust	B-1
Fundamental Policies	B-4
Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies	B-5
Share Price	B-26
Purchase and Redemption of Shares	B-26
Management of the Funds	B-28
Investment Advisory and Other Services	B-50
Portfolio Transactions	B-53
Proxy Voting	B-55
Information About the ETF Share Class	B-55
Financial Statements	B-63
Appendix A	B-64

Description of the Trust

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds (the Trust) currently offers the following funds and share classes (identified by ticker symbol): 

	Share Classes1
Vanguard Fund2	Investor	Admiral	Institutional	Institutional Plus	ETF
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund3	VEURX	VEUSX	VESIX	VEUPX	VGK6
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund4	VPACX	VPADX	VPKIX	—	VPL6
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund5	VEIEX	VEMAX	VEMIX	VEMRX	VWO6
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	—	VFWAX	VFWSX	VFWPX	VEU6
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	—	VTWAX	VTWIX	—	VT6
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	—	VFSAX	VFSNX	—	VSS6
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	—	VGRLX	VGRNX	—	VNQI6

1

Individually, a class; collectively, the classes.

2

Individually, a Fund; collectively, the Funds.

3

The ETF Share class is known as Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF.

4

The ETF Share class is known as Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF.

5

The ETF Share class is known as Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF.

6

Exchange: NYSE Arca.

 

The Trust has the ability to offer additional funds or classes of shares. There is no limit on the number of full and fractional shares that may be issued for a single fund or class of shares.

B-1

Organization

The Trust was organized as a Maryland corporation in 1989, and was reorganized as a Delaware statutory trust in 1998. Prior to its reorganization as a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust was known as Vanguard International Equity Index Fund, Inc. The Trust is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act) as an open-end management investment company. All Funds within the Trust are classified as diversified within the meaning of the 1940 Act.

Service Providers

Custodian. Bank of New York Mellon, 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286 (for the European Stock Index, Pacific Stock Index, FTSE All-World ex-US Index, and FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Funds); JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179 (for the Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund); and State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02114 (for the Total World Stock Index and Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Funds) serve as the Funds’ custodians. The custodians are responsible for maintaining the Funds’ assets, keeping all necessary accounts and records of Fund assets, and appointing any foreign subcustodians or foreign securities depositories.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Two Commerce Square, Suite 1800, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7042, serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Funds’ annual financial statements and provides other related services.

Transfer and Dividend-Paying Agent. The Funds’ transfer agent and dividend-paying agent is Vanguard, P.O. Box 2600, Valley Forge, PA 19482.

Characteristics of the Funds’ Shares

Restrictions on Holding or Disposing of Shares. There are no restrictions on the right of shareholders to retain or dispose of a Fund’s shares, other than those described in the Fund’s current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information. Each Fund or class may be terminated by reorganization into another mutual fund or class or by liquidation and distribution of the assets of the Fund or class. Unless terminated by reorganization or liquidation, each Fund and share class will continue indefinitely.

Shareholder Liability. The Trust is organized under Delaware law, which provides that shareholders of a statutory trust are entitled to the same limitations of personal liability as shareholders of a corporation organized under Delaware law. This means that a shareholder of a Fund generally will not be personally liable for payment of the Fund’s debts. Some state courts, however, may not apply Delaware law on this point. We believe that the possibility of such a situation arising is remote.

Dividend Rights. The shareholders of each class of a Fund are entitled to receive any dividends or other distributions declared by the Fund for each such class. No shares of a Fund have priority or preference over any other shares of the Fund with respect to distributions. Distributions will be made from the assets of the Fund and will be paid ratably to all shareholders of a particular class according to the number of shares of the class held by shareholders on the record date. The amount of dividends per share may vary between separate share classes of the Fund based upon differences in the net asset values of the different classes and differences in the way that expenses are allocated between share classes pursuant to a multiple class plan approved by the Fund’s board of trustees.

Voting Rights. Shareholders are entitled to vote on a matter if (1) the matter concerns an amendment to the Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the shares of a Fund or any class; (2) the trustees determine that it is necessary or desirable to obtain a shareholder vote; (3) a merger or consolidation, share conversion, share exchange, or sale of assets is proposed and a shareholder vote is required by the 1940 Act to approve the transaction; or (4) a shareholder vote is required under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act requires a shareholder vote under various circumstances, including to elect or remove trustees upon the written request of shareholders representing 10% or more of a Fund’s net assets, to change any fundamental policy of a Fund (please see Fundamental Policies), and to enter into certain merger transactions. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, shareholders of a Fund receive one vote for each dollar of net asset value owned on the record date and a fractional vote for each fractional dollar of net asset value owned on the record date. However, only the shares of the Fund or the

B-2

class affected by a particular matter are entitled to vote on that matter. In addition, each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and each class has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of another. Voting rights are noncumulative and cannot be modified without a majority vote by the shareholders.

Liquidation Rights. In the event that a Fund is liquidated, shareholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets. In the event that a class of shares is liquidated, shareholders of that class will be entitled to receive a pro rata share of the Fund’s net assets that are allocated to that class. Shareholders may receive cash, securities, or a combination of the two.

Preemptive Rights. There are no preemptive rights associated with the Funds’ shares.

Conversion Rights. Fund shareholders may convert their shares to another class of shares of the same Fund upon the satisfaction of any then-applicable eligibility requirements, as described in the Fund’s current prospectus. ETF Shares cannot be converted into conventional shares of a fund by a shareholder. For additional information about the conversion rights applicable to ETF Shares, please see Information About the ETF Share Class.

Redemption Provisions. Each Fund’s redemption provisions are described in its current prospectus and elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information.

Sinking Fund Provisions. The Funds have no sinking fund provisions.

Calls or Assessment. Each Fund’s shares, when issued, are fully paid and non-assessable.

Shareholder Rights. Any limitations on a shareholder’s right to bring an action do not apply to claims arising under the federal securities laws to the extent that any such federal securities laws, rules, or regulations do not permit such limitations. The Trust’s bylaws place limitations on the forum in which certain claims against or related to the Trust, a trustee, an officer, or other employee of the Trust may be heard. The bylaws also provide that shareholders waive the right to trial by jury to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Tax Status of the Funds

Each Fund expects to qualify each year for treatment as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the IRC). This special tax status means that the Fund will not be liable for federal tax on income and capital gains distributed to shareholders. In order to preserve its tax status, each Fund must comply with certain requirements relating to the source of its income and the diversification of its assets. If a Fund fails to meet these requirements in any taxable year, the Fund will, in some cases, be able to cure such failure, including by paying a fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, and/or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund is ineligible to or otherwise does not cure such failure for any year, it will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, a Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before regaining its tax status as a regulated investment company.

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)) and certain foreign corporations generally may be eligible to be reported by the Fund, and treated by individual shareholders, as “qualified dividend income” taxed at long-term capital gain rates instead of at higher ordinary income tax rates. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for such treatment. Also, distributions attributable to income earned on a Fund’s securities lending transactions, including substitute dividend payments received by a Fund with respect to a security out on loan, will not be eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income.

Taxable ordinary dividends received and distributed by each Fund on its REIT holdings may be eligible to be reported by a Fund, and treated by individual shareholders, as “qualified REIT dividends” that are eligible for a 20% deduction on its federal income tax returns. Individuals must satisfy holding period and other requirements in order to be eligible for this  deduction. Without further legislation, the deduction would sunset after 2025. Shareholders should consult their own tax professionals concerning their eligibility for this deduction.

B-3

Dividends received and distributed by each Fund on shares of stock of domestic corporations (excluding REITs) may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction applicable to corporate shareholders. Corporations must satisfy certain requirements in order to claim the deduction. Also, distributions attributable to income earned on a Fund’s securities lending transactions, including substitute dividend payments received by a Fund with respect to a security out on a loan, will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

Each Fund may declare a capital gain dividend consisting of the excess (if any) of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses. Net capital gains for a fiscal year are computed by taking into account any capital loss carryforwards of the Fund. Capital losses may be carried forward indefinitely and retain their character as either short-term or long-term.

Fundamental Policies

Each Fund is subject to the following fundamental investment policies, which cannot be changed in any material way without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s shares. For these purposes, a “majority” of shares means shares representing the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the Fund’s net assets voted, so long as shares representing more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets are present or represented by proxy or (2) more than 50% of the Fund’s net assets.

Borrowing. Each Fund may borrow money only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Commodities. Each Fund may invest in commodities only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Diversification. For Vanguard European Stock Index and Pacific Stock Index, with respect to 75% of its total assets, each Fund may not: (1) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer; or (2) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities. This limitation does not apply to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. Additionally, each Fund will limit the aggregate value of holdings of a single issuer (other than U.S. government securities, as defined in the IRC) to a maximum of 25% of the Fund’s total assets as of the end of each quarter of the taxable year.

For Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index, Total World Stock Index, FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index, and Global ex- U.S. Real Estate Index Funds: Each Fund may not change its classification as a “management company” or its subclassifications as an “open-end company” and as a “diversified company,” as each such term is defined in the 1940 Act.

For Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, with respect to 75% of its total assets, the Fund may not: (1) purchase more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or (2) purchase securities of any issuer if, as a result, more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in that issuer’s securities; except as may be necessary to approximate the composition of its target index. This limitation does not apply to obligations of the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities.

 Industry Concentration. Each Fund (other than Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund) will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry or group of industries, except as may be necessary to approximate the composition of its target index. Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund will concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the real estate industry.

Loans. Each Fund may make loans to another person only as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

Real Estate. Each Fund may not invest directly in real estate unless it is acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments. This restriction shall not prevent the Fund from investing in securities or other instruments (1) issued by companies that invest, deal, or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or (2) backed or secured by real estate or interests in real estate.

Senior Securities. Each Fund may not issue senior securities except as permitted by the 1940 Act or other governing statute, by the Rules thereunder, or by the SEC or other regulatory agency with authority over the Fund.

B-4

Underwriting. Each Fund may not act as an underwriter of another issuer’s securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act), in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.

Compliance with the fundamental policies previously described is generally measured at the time the securities are purchased. Unless otherwise required by the 1940 Act (as is the case with borrowing), if a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time the investment is made, a later change in percentage resulting from a change in the market value of assets will not constitute a violation of such restriction. All fundamental policies must comply with applicable regulatory requirements. For more details, see Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies.

None of these policies prevents the Funds from having an ownership interest in Vanguard. As a part owner of Vanguard, each Fund may own securities issued by Vanguard, make loans to Vanguard, and contribute to Vanguard’s costs or other financial requirements. See Management of the Funds for more information.
 

Shareholder approval will not be sought if Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund crosses from diversified to nondiversified status in order to approximate the composition of its target index.

Investment Strategies, Risks, and Nonfundamental Policies

Some of the investment strategies and policies described on the following pages and in each Fund’s prospectus set forth percentage limitations on a Fund’s investment in, or holdings of, certain securities or other assets. Unless otherwise required by law, compliance with these strategies and policies will be determined immediately after the acquisition of such securities or assets by the Fund. Subsequent changes in values, net assets, or other circumstances will not be considered when determining whether the investment complies with the Fund’s investment strategies and policies.

The following investment strategies, risks, and policies supplement each Fund’s investment strategies, risks, and policies set forth in the prospectus. With respect to the different investments discussed as follows, a Fund may acquire such investments to the extent consistent with its investment strategies and policies.

Borrowing. A fund’s ability to borrow money is limited by its investment policies and limitations; by the 1940 Act; and by applicable exemptions, no-action letters, interpretations, and other pronouncements issued from time to time by the SEC and its staff or any other regulatory authority with jurisdiction. Under the 1940 Act, a fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage (i.e., total assets including borrowings, less liabilities exclusive of borrowings) of 300% of the amount borrowed, with an exception for borrowings not in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets (at the time of borrowing) made for temporary or emergency purposes. Any borrowings for temporary purposes in excess of 5% of the fund’s total assets must maintain continuous asset coverage. If the 300% asset coverage should decline as a result of market fluctuations or for other reasons, a fund may be required to sell some of its portfolio holdings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to reduce the debt and restore the 300% asset coverage, even though it may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint to sell securities at that time.

Borrowing will tend to exaggerate the effect on net asset value of any increase or decrease in the market value of a fund’s portfolio. Money borrowed will be subject to interest costs that may or may not be recovered by earnings on the securities purchased with the proceeds of such borrowing. A fund also may be required to maintain minimum average balances in connection with a borrowing or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit; either of these requirements would increase the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate.

A borrowing transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act.

Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Common stock typically entitles the owner to vote on the election of directors and other important matters, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds, other debt holders, and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that combine the investment characteristics of bonds and common stocks. Convertible securities typically consist of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted (on a voluntary or mandatory basis) within a specified period of time (normally for the entire life of the security) into a certain amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer at a

B-5

predetermined price. Convertible securities also include debt securities with warrants or common stock attached and derivatives combining the features of debt securities and equity securities. Other convertible securities with features and risks not specifically referred to herein may become available in the future. Convertible securities involve risks similar to those of both fixed income and equity securities. In a corporation’s capital structure, convertible securities are senior to common stock but are usually subordinated to senior debt obligations of the issuer.

The market value of a convertible security is a function of its “investment value” and its “conversion value.” A security’s “investment value” represents the value of the security without its conversion feature (i.e., a nonconvertible debt security). The investment value may be determined by reference to its credit quality and the current value of its yield to maturity or probable call date. At any given time, investment value is dependent upon such factors as the general level of interest rates, the yield of similar nonconvertible securities, the financial strength of the issuer, and the seniority of the security in the issuer’s capital structure. A security’s “conversion value” is determined by multiplying the number of shares the holder is entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange by the current price of the underlying security. If the conversion value of a convertible security is significantly below its investment value, the convertible security will trade like nonconvertible debt or preferred stock and its market value will not be influenced greatly by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that circumstance, the convertible security takes on the characteristics of a bond, and its price moves in the opposite direction from interest rates. Conversely, if the conversion value of a convertible security is near or above its investment value, the market value of the convertible security will be more heavily influenced by fluctuations in the market price of the underlying security. In that case, the convertible security’s price may be as volatile as that of common stock. Because both interest rates and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security generally is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar debt security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying equity security. Convertible securities are often rated below investment-grade or are not rated, and they are generally subject to a high degree of credit risk.

Although all markets are prone to change over time, the generally high rate at which convertible securities are retired (through mandatory or scheduled conversions by issuers or through voluntary redemptions by holders) and replaced with newly issued convertible securities may cause the convertible securities market to change more rapidly than other markets. For example, a concentration of available convertible securities in a few economic sectors could elevate the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the specific risks of those sectors. Moreover, convertible securities with innovative structures, such as mandatory-conversion securities and equity-linked securities, have increased the sensitivity of the convertible securities market to the volatility of the equity markets and to the special risks of those innovations, which may include risks different from, and possibly greater than, those associated with traditional convertible securities. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price set in the governing instrument of the convertible security. If a convertible security held by a fund is subject to such redemption option and is called for redemption, the fund must allow the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock, or sell the security to a third party.

Cybersecurity Risks. A cybersecurity incident could subject the Vanguard funds, their advisors, and/or their third-party service providers to operational and financial risks. Cybersecurity incidents typically result from a deliberate attack, which could take multiple forms (e.g., phishing, malware, ransomware, or denial-of-service attacks), or wrongdoing by an authorized individual. In either case, sensitive assets, information, or data could fall into the hands of unauthorized individuals and potentially cause operational disruption. To prevent or reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident, Vanguard has implemented controls, such as technological safeguards and business continuity plans. Cybersecurity risks are also present for third-party service providers (such as investment advisors, transfer agents, and custodians) that support the Vanguard funds. Vanguard has processes for assessing the cybersecurity programs implemented by a fund’s third-party service providers. These processes help reduce the risk of potential incidents that could impact a Vanguard fund and/or its shareholders.

Despite the measures described above, a cybersecurity incident could still disrupt business operations, which could affect a fund and/or its shareholders. Examples of impacts which might occur as a result of a cybersecurity incident include: a fund being unable to calculate its net asset value (NAV) or process transactions, fund shareholders being unable to place transactions or otherwise conduct business with Vanguard, or a fund being unable to safeguard its data or the personal information of its shareholders.

Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts (also sold as participatory notes) are securities that evidence ownership interests in a security or a pool of securities that have been deposited with a “depository.” Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored and include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). For ADRs, the depository is typically a U.S. financial institution, and the underlying securities are issued by a foreign issuer. For other depositary receipts, the depository may be a foreign or a

B-6

U.S. entity, and the underlying securities may have a foreign or a U.S. issuer. Depositary receipts will not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as their underlying securities. Generally, ADRs are issued in registered form, denominated in U.S. dollars, and designed for use in the U.S. securities markets. Other depositary receipts, such as GDRs and EDRs, may be issued in bearer form and denominated in other currencies, and they are generally designed for use in securities markets outside the United States. Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (sponsored and unsponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants.

A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of nonobjection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of noncash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.

Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipt holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request.

For purposes of a fund’s investment policies, investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities. Thus, a depositary receipt representing ownership of common stock will be treated as common stock. Depositary receipts do not eliminate all of the risks associated with directly investing in the securities of foreign issuers.

Derivatives. A derivative is a financial instrument that has a value based on—or “derived from”—the values of other assets, reference rates, or indexes. Derivatives may relate to a wide variety of underlying references, such as commodities, stocks, bonds, interest rates, currency exchange rates, and related indexes. Derivatives include futures contracts and options on futures contracts, certain forward-commitment transactions, options on securities, caps, floors, collars, swap agreements, and certain other financial instruments. Some derivatives, such as futures contracts and certain options, are traded on U.S. commodity and securities exchanges, while other derivatives, such as swap agreements, may be privately negotiated and entered into in the over-the-counter market (OTC Derivatives) or may be cleared through a clearinghouse (Cleared Derivatives) and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. As a result of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act), certain swap agreements, such as certain standardized credit default and interest rate swap agreements, must be cleared through a clearinghouse and traded on an exchange or swap execution facility. This could result in an increase in the overall costs of such transactions. While the intent of derivatives regulatory reform is to mitigate risks associated with derivatives markets, the regulations could, among other things, increase liquidity and decrease pricing for more standardized products while decreasing liquidity and increasing pricing for less standardized products. The risks associated with the use of derivatives are different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities or assets on which the derivatives are based.

Derivatives may be used for a variety of purposes, including—but not limited to—hedging, managing risk, seeking to stay fully invested, seeking to reduce transaction costs, seeking to simulate an investment in equity or debt securities or other investments, and seeking to add value by using derivatives to more efficiently implement portfolio positions when derivatives are favorably priced relative to equity or debt securities or other investments. A fund may use derivatives as an alternate means to obtain economic exposure if the fund is required to limit its investment in a particular issuer or industry. Some investors may use derivatives primarily for speculative purposes while other uses of derivatives may not constitute speculation. There is no assurance that any derivatives strategy used by a fund’s advisor will succeed. The other parties to a fund’s OTC Derivatives contracts (usually referred to as “counterparties”) will not be considered the issuers thereof for purposes of certain provisions of the 1940 Act and the IRC, although such OTC Derivatives may qualify as securities or investments under such laws. A fund’s advisor(s), however, will monitor and adjust, as appropriate, the fund’s credit risk exposure to OTC Derivative counterparties.

B-7

Derivative products are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of a derivative requires an understanding not only of the underlying instrument but also of the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions.

When a fund enters into a Cleared Derivative, an initial margin deposit with a Futures Commission Merchant (FCM) is required. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a Cleared Derivative over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s Cleared Derivatives increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis.

For OTC Derivatives, a fund is subject to the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the contract. Additionally, the use of credit derivatives can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit derivative is based.

Derivatives may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular derivative is difficult to purchase or sell. If a derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with certain OTC Derivatives), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price.

Derivatives may be subject to pricing or “basis” risk, which exists when a particular derivative becomes extraordinarily expensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity.

Because certain derivatives have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A derivative transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Like most other investments, derivative instruments are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other financial or economic factors in establishing derivative positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use a derivative as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the derivative will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving derivative instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many derivatives (in particular, OTC Derivatives) are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

On October 28, 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission adopted new regulations governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies (“Rule 18f-4”). Rule 18f-4 imposes limits on the amount of derivatives a fund can enter into, treats derivatives as senior securities, and requires funds whose use of derivatives exceeds a limited specified exposure amount to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager.

Each Fund intends to comply with Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), under which a fund and Vanguard may be excluded from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) if the fund meets certain conditions such as limiting its investments in certain CEA-regulated instruments (e.g., futures, options, or swaps) and complying with certain marketing restrictions. Accordingly, Vanguard is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO with respect to each Fund under the CEA. Each Fund will only enter into futures contracts and futures options that are traded on a U.S. or foreign exchange, board of trade, or similar entity or that are quoted on an automated quotation system.

B-8

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Considerations. A Vanguard fund’s consideration of ESG risk factors is driven first and foremost by the investment objective and principal investment strategies disclosed in the fund’s prospectus. For Vanguard funds whose index providers or advisors select securities based on disclosed ESG criteria (ESG funds), the ESG fund’s prospectus provides information about the ESG fund’s use of ESG criteria and related ESG investing risks.

Unless specifically disclosed in a fund’s prospectus, Vanguard funds do not seek to implement specific ESG impacts or strategies. However, except with respect to Vanguard equity index funds, a Vanguard fund’s advisor may consider risk factors that could be categorized as “ESG” as a component of the fund’s investment process if the advisor deems such risk factors to be financially material, either quantitatively or qualitatively. For example, as determined by the fund’s advisor, certain ESG risk factors may be considered as a means to assess long-term risk to shareholder value (e.g., risk analysis, credit analysis, or investment opportunities) as the advisor deems appropriate. Consideration of ESG risk factors will vary depending on a fund’s particular investment strategies as disclosed in its prospectus. The weight given to specific risk factors may vary across types of investments, industries, regions, and issuers and may change over time. Consideration of certain ESG risk factors may affect a fund’s exposure to certain issuers or industries. For purposes of this disclosure, “ESG risk factors” refers to financially material risk factors that could be viewed as ESG-focused. However, there are significant differences in how such terms are interpreted across funds, advisors, index providers, and individuals. It is possible that an advisor will not identify or evaluate every ESG risk factor that an investor would expect to be identified or evaluated, or that the advisor may not categorize a specific risk factor as “ESG.” The advisor’s assessment of an issuer may differ from that of other funds or an investor’s assessment of such issuer. As a result, securities selected by the advisor may not reflect the beliefs and values of any particular investor.

An advisor may be dependent on the availability of timely, complete, and accurate ESG data being reported by issuers and/or third-party research providers to evaluate ESG risk factors. ESG risk factors are often not uniformly measured or defined, which could impact an advisor’s ability to assess an issuer. Where ESG risk factor analysis is used as one part of an overall investment process (as may be the case for some or all of the funds included in this Statement of Additional Information), such funds may still invest in securities of issuers that all market participants may not view as ESG-focused.

Proxy Voting and Engagement. Vanguard’s Investment Stewardship Team, on behalf of the Board of Trustees of each Vanguard-advised U.S. fund, administers proxy voting for the equity holdings of the Vanguard-advised funds. The Investment Stewardship Team may engage with issuers to better understand how they are addressing material risks, including material ESG risks. Specifically, the Investment Stewardship Team may engage with company leaders and directors to understand how they oversee, mitigate, and disclose material risks to shareholders. With respect to material human-rights-related risks, where such matters are not addressed by applicable sanctions laws and regulations that restrict specific investments, the Investment Stewardship Team employs procedures to identify and monitor material human-rights-related risks to long-term shareholder returns at portfolio companies held by the Vanguard-advised funds and to understand how portfolio company boards are overseeing any such risks.

For funds advised by third-party advisory firms independent of Vanguard, such third-party advisory firms are responsible for administration of proxy voting and engagement with respect to the equity holdings they manage on behalf of the fund. A fund’s third-party advisor may consider various ESG risks to be material to companies and may have their own practices and policies related to engagement. For example, the advisor may consider environmental risks such as climate change to be a material risk to many companies and their shareholders’ long-term financial success. As a result, certain third-party advisors engage with particular issuers held by the fund(s) they manage to advocate for science-based targets to address long-term risk to shareholder value resulting from climate change as long as such targets are not contrary to the investment objective and strategy of such fund(s).

Regulatory Environment. The regulatory landscape for ESG investing is still developing, both within the United States and globally. As society’s focus on particular ESG issues, such as climate change, continues to evolve, the emphasis and direction of governmental policies are subject to change.

Exchange-Traded Funds. A fund may purchase shares of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Typically, a fund would purchase ETF shares for the same reason it would purchase (and as an alternative to purchasing) futures contracts: to obtain exposure to all or a portion of the stock or bond market. ETF shares enjoy several advantages over futures. Depending on the market, the holding period, and other factors, ETF shares can be less costly and more tax-efficient than futures. In addition, ETF shares can be purchased for smaller sums, offer exposure to market sectors and styles for which there is no suitable or liquid futures contract, and do not involve leverage.

B-9

An investment in an ETF generally presents the same principal risks as an investment in a conventional fund (i.e., one that is not exchange-traded) that has the same investment objective, strategies, and policies. The price of an ETF can fluctuate within a wide range, and a fund could lose money investing in an ETF if the prices of the securities owned by the ETF go down. In addition, ETFs are subject to the following risks that do not apply to conventional funds: (1) the market price of an ETF’s shares may trade at a discount or a premium to their net asset value; (2) an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and (3) trading of an ETF’s shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of an ETF’s shares may also be halted if the shares are delisted from the exchange without first being listed on another exchange or if the listing exchange’s officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors.

Most ETFs are investment companies. Therefore, a fund’s purchases of ETF shares generally are subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Foreign Securities. Typically, foreign securities are considered to be equity or debt securities issued by entities organized, domiciled, or with a principal executive office outside the United States, such as foreign corporations and governments. Securities issued by certain companies organized outside the United States may not be deemed to be foreign securities if the company’s principal operations are conducted from the United States or when the company’s equity securities trade principally on a U.S. stock exchange. Foreign securities may trade in U.S. or foreign securities markets. A fund may make foreign investments either directly by purchasing foreign securities or indirectly by purchasing depositary receipts or depositary shares of similar instruments (depositary receipts) for foreign securities. Direct investments in foreign securities may be made either on foreign securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (OTC) markets. Investing in foreign securities involves certain special risk considerations that are not typically associated with investing in securities of U.S. companies or governments.

Because foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards and practices comparable to those applicable to U.S. issuers, there may be less publicly available information about certain foreign issuers than about U.S. issuers. Evidence of securities ownership may be uncertain in many foreign countries. As a result, there are risks that could result in a loss to the fund, including, but not limited to, the risk that a fund’s trade details could be incorrectly or fraudulently entered at the time of a transaction. Securities of foreign issuers are generally more volatile and less liquid than securities of comparable U.S. issuers, and foreign investments may be effected through structures that may be complex or confusing. In certain countries, there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the United States. The risk that securities traded on foreign exchanges may be suspended, either by the issuers themselves, by an exchange, or by government authorities, is also heightened. In addition, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, war, terrorism, nationalization, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets, or diplomatic developments that could affect U.S. investments in those countries. Additionally, the imposition of economic or other sanctions on the United States by a foreign country, or on a foreign country or issuer by the United States, could impair a fund’s ability to buy, sell, hold, receive, deliver, or otherwise transact in certain investment securities or obtain exposure to foreign securities and assets. This may negatively impact the value and/or liquidity of a fund’s investments and could impair a fund’s ability to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy. Sanctions could also result in the devaluation of a country’s currency, a downgrade in the credit ratings of a country or issuers in a country, or a decline in the value and/or liquidity of securities of issuers in that country.

Although an advisor will endeavor to achieve the most favorable execution costs for a fund’s portfolio transactions in foreign securities under the circumstances, commissions and other transaction costs are generally higher than those on U.S. securities. In addition, it is expected that the custodian arrangement expenses for a fund that invests primarily in foreign securities will be somewhat greater than the expenses for a fund that invests primarily in domestic securities. Additionally, bankruptcy laws vary by jurisdiction and cash deposits may be subject to a custodian’s creditors. Certain foreign governments levy withholding or other taxes against dividend and interest income from, capital gains on the sale of, or transactions in foreign securities. Although in some countries a portion of these taxes is recoverable by the fund, the nonrecovered portion of foreign withholding taxes will reduce the income received from such securities.

The value of the foreign securities held by a fund that are not U.S. dollar-denominated may be significantly affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security generally decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and it tends to increase when the

B-10

value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency (as discussed under the heading “Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions,” a fund may attempt to hedge its currency risks). In addition, the value of fund assets may be affected by losses and other expenses incurred from converting between various currencies in order to purchase and sell foreign securities, as well as by currency restrictions, exchange control regulations, currency devaluations, and political and economic developments.

Foreign Securities—Special Risks of Investing in China. Investing in companies or issuers economically tied to China involves a high degree of risk and special considerations not typically associated with investing in more developed economies or markets. Such risks may include but are not limited to: Chinese Government Risk, Sanctions/Geopolitical Risk, Emerging Market Risk, Chinese Renminbi Risk, Regulatory and Legal Framework Risk, and risks with accessing and investing in their equity and bond markets.

Chinese Government Risk. In China, there are no freely elected government officials and political opposition is largely suppressed. As a result, the Chinese government has an outsized impact on the Chinese market which is uncharacteristic when compared with developed nations. For example, the Chinese government has exercised authority over publicly traded Chinese companies in the past and may continue to do so. This authority can include, but is not limited to, dictating what types of products Chinese companies should produce and to whom such products can be sold, nationalizing assets, and pursuing regulatory enforcement in an unpredictable manner. The Chinese government could use this authority for a variety of reasons including targeting Chinese companies deemed to have violated Chinese interests or trying to reduce market volatility.

The nationalist focus of the Chinese government also can lead to the government making broad policy changes that deviate from what they have historically supported. The Chinese government has implemented several economic reforms since 1978. It is possible that these reforms may not be supported in the future and the government could return to a more centrally planned economy. Additional support to surrounding economies such as Hong Kong could be revoked, and foreign investment in China could be limited if not banned outright.

Sanctions/Geopolitical Risk. Investing in companies economically tied to China is subject to certain political risks. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by the Communist Party in 1949, the Chinese government renounced various debt obligations incurred by China’s predecessor governments, which obligations remain in default, and seized assets without compensation. There can be no assurance that the Chinese government will not take similar action in the future, resulting in a full or partial loss of Chinese holdings.

China has many ongoing disputes with Hong Kong, Taiwan, the Xinjiang region and the Uyghur population, and other neighboring areas. These disputes continue to escalate due to ongoing Chinese military exercises (such as land reclamation efforts in the South China Sea), Chinese policymaking, human rights violations assertions by the UN and other developed nations, and statements from high-ranking Chinese government officials. In addition, the Chinese government has been accused of participating in state-sponsored cyberattacks against other foreign countries and foreign companies.

The resulting political tensions, including with the United States, have had and may continue to have impacts on the Chinese economy and its ability to sell certain goods. Other countries, including the U.S., have imposed and may continue to impose sanctions, tariffs, and embargoes or blocking of certain goods produced in China to affect the Chinese economy. Countries have also raised concerns about Chinese companies’ compliance with their own laws which could result in the delisting of securities. Compliance with sanctions could lead to a large market selloff, which could result in significant losses to investments. While tariffs and embargoes are not direct sanctions, they can still negatively affect the Chinese economy and individual Chinese companies. Lastly, because of the economic and financial market dependence between China and the surrounding regions, any decrease in demand for goods from China or an economic downturn in China, could negatively affect the economies and financial markets of the surrounding regions.

Emerging Market Risk. China’s economy is classified as an emerging market. However, China’s economy is considered to be more reliant on exports than other emerging markets and therefore could be negatively affected by a downturn in its export business. Chinese exports could be negatively affected by the aforementioned sanctions and geopolitical risk or other restrictions such as trade tariffs, embargoes, or capital controls. Chinese exports could also be affected by increasing competition across Asia’s other emerging economies, higher rates of inflation, and/or the erratic nature of economic growth in China.

Regulatory and Legal Framework Risk. China’s ability to develop and sustain its legal, tax, regulatory, financial reporting, accounting, and recordkeeping systems could influence the course of foreign investment. Chinese companies

B-11

are not subject to the same degree of regulation as those in the United States with respect to matters such as tender offer regulation, stockholder proxy requirements, and the requirements mandating timely and accurate disclosure of information. China lacks accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards, and U.S. public accounting oversight boards are unable to inspect audit work papers and practices of registered accounting firms in China. Further complicating matters, some of China’s laws prohibit certain key information about their companies from being disclosed. As a result, obtaining the full financial picture of a publicly traded Chinese company may be more difficult than obtaining the full financial picture of a publicly traded U.S. company, making it harder to determine the true health of a company.

China’s legal framework may make it more difficult, if not impossible, to obtain or enforce a judgment compared to other countries. The Chinese regulatory framework is also less extensive and still developing regarding business entities and commercial transactions, which can make it challenging to navigate China’s markets. Chinese securities may be taxed differently than U.S. securities depending on the type of investment and the issuer.

Accessing and Investing in the Chinese Equity Market. China’s investment and banking systems are still developing, which subjects the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to additional risks and costs. Chinese companies can list their shares in a variety of ways, such as A shares, B shares, or H shares. These shares are traded on various exchanges, such as the Shanghai or Shenzhen exchange.

A-shares are generally bought through the Qualified Foreign Investor (QFI) program or Stock Connect. Trading through a license granted under the QFI regime is subject to policies and rules that are unique and evolving. In addition, QFI licenses can be revoked or restricted, preventing a fund from any future trading through the QFI regime. There are QFI custodial arrangements that can limit a fund’s ability to recover deposited cash if the QFI custodian becomes insolvent. Chinese regulators may impose fines or pursue other negative actions towards a QFI custodian if that custodian does not perform its required reporting obligations. Trades do not cross between the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges and a separate broker is assigned for each exchange. As a result, trades must be placed with separate brokers for different transaction sides, increasing complexity, potential for error, and costs.

Trading on Stock Connect is also subject to limitations such as daily quota limitations on purchases, limitations on transferability of shares, pre-delivery or pre-validation of cash or securities to or by a broker which may impact a fund’s ability to trade portfolio securities in a timely manner and can negatively affect a fund’s returns. Only certain A-shares are eligible to be accessed through Stock Connect and these securities could lose their eligibility at any time. Stock Connect utilizes an omnibus clearing structure, and a fund’s shares will be registered in the custodian’s name on the Hong Kong Central Clearing and Settlement System. This may reduce a manager’s ability to effectively manage a fund’s holdings, including the potential enforcement of equity owner rights. B shares can only be traded by non-residents of the PRC or residents with an appropriate foreign currency account that meets certain requirements.

China’s foreign ownership limitations may result in limitations on investment or the return of profits if a fund purchases and sells shares of an issuer in which it owns 5% or more of the shares issued within a six-month period. It is unclear whether China will aggregate a fund’s holdings with other affiliated funds in determining the 5% ownership level. The restrictions on ownership and ability of Chinese regulatory authorities and Chinese issuers to suspend trading, their willingness to exercise this option in response to market volatility and other events, can negatively affect liquidity and volatility of the Chinese markets.

It is also possible to gain exposure to certain Chinese companies through legal structures known as Variable Interest Entities (VIEs). The VIE structure is designed to provide foreign investors with exposure to Chinese companies that operate in certain sectors in which China restricts and/or prohibits foreign investments, such as internet, media, education, and telecommunications. VIEs seek to establish claims to a China-based company’s profits and control of its assets through contractual arrangements. While VIEs are a longstanding industry practice, they are not formally recognized under Chinese law or approved by Chinese regulators. It is also uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will prohibit Chinese companies from accessing foreign investment through VIEs or remove VIEs’ ability to pass through economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities. The contractual arrangements with the VIE also may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct equity ownership. The Chinese equity owner(s) of a VIE could decide to breach the contractual arrangements and may have conflicting interests and fiduciary duties as compared to foreign investors in the shell company. Further, any breach or dispute under these contracts will likely fall under Chinese jurisdiction and law. Prohibitions of these structures by the Chinese government, or the inability to enforce such contracts through Chinese courts and/or arbitration bodies, would likely cause the VIE-structured holding(s) to suffer significant, detrimental, and possibly permanent loss, and in turn, adversely affect a fund’s returns and net asset value. Additionally, an investor’s rights may be limited with respect to the underlying Chinese operating company.

B-12

Accessing and Investing in the Chinese Bond Market. The People’s Bank of China has established a program that permits eligible foreign investors to invest directly in bonds traded on the Chinese Interbank Bond Market (CIBM). While the CIBM is relatively large and trading volumes are generally high, the market has similar risks as bond markets in other emerging market countries. A fund may invest in the bonds available on the CIBM through Bond Connect, which was established with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority as a way to permit overseas investors to trade in each other’s respective markets. Bond Connect provides a connection between mainland China- and Hong Kong-based financial institutions, permitting securities trading between the mainland China and Hong Kong markets electronically, thus eliminating the stricter restrictions that were present under previous access models.

Investing in securities traded on the CIBM through Bond Connect is subject to regulatory risks. The relevant rules, regulations, structure, terms, and a fund’s ability to access Bond Connect may be subject to change with minimal notice and any changes have the potential to be applied retroactively. For example, if Bond Connect is not operating or trading is otherwise suspended, a fund’s ability to trade bonds in a timely manner may be affected and there may be negative impacts on the fund. Additionally, market volatility and possible lack of liquidity due to low trading volume on the CIBM may result in significant fluctuations in the prices of certain bonds traded on the CIBM. The bid-ask spreads of the prices of such securities may be large, and a fund may therefore incur significant costs and may suffer losses when selling such investments. Further, the bonds traded on the CIBM may be difficult or impossible to sell, which may impact a fund’s ability to acquire or dispose of such securities at their expected prices.

Bonds issued by Chinese companies or the Chinese government may be dollar denominated. These dollar-denominated bonds carry some of the same risks as RMB-denominated bonds traded through Bond Connect, but generally benefit from reduced currency risk since a fund does not need to engage in currency trading to settle the trade.

Foreign Securities—Emerging Market Risk. Investing in emerging market countries involves certain risks not typically associated with investing in the United States, and it imposes risks greater than, or in addition to, risks of investing in more developed foreign countries. These risks may significantly affect the value of emerging market investments and include: (i) nationalization or expropriation of assets or confiscatory taxation; (ii) currency devaluations and other currency exchange rate fluctuations; (iii) greater social, economic, and political uncertainty and instability (including amplified risk of war and terrorism); (iv) more substantial government involvement in and control over the economy; (v) less government supervision and regulation of the securities markets and participants in those markets and possible arbitrary and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws, which may increase the risk of market manipulation; (vi) controls on foreign investment and limitations on repatriation of invested capital and on a fund’s ability to exchange local currencies for U.S. dollars; (vii) unavailability of currency-hedging techniques in certain emerging market countries; (viii) generally smaller, less seasoned, or newly organized companies; (ix) differences in, or lack of, corporate governance, accounting, auditing, record keeping and financial reporting standards, which may result in unavailability of material information about issuers and impede evaluation of such issuers; (x) difficulty in obtaining and/or enforcing a judgment in a court outside the United States; and (xi) greater price volatility, substantially less liquidity, and significantly smaller market capitalization of securities markets. Also, any change in the leadership or politics of emerging market countries, or the countries that exercise a significant influence over those countries, may halt the expansion of or reverse the liberalization of foreign investment policies now occurring and adversely affect existing investment opportunities. Furthermore, high rates of inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Custodial expenses and other investment-related costs are often more expensive in emerging market countries, which can reduce a fund’s income from investments in securities or debt instruments of emerging market country issuers.  Additionally, information regarding companies located in emerging markets may be less available and less reliable, which can impede the ability to evaluate such companies.  There may also be limited regulatory oversight of certain foreign sub-custodians that hold foreign securities subject to the supervision of a fund’s primary U.S.-based custodian.  A fund may be limited in its ability to recover assets if a foreign sub-custodian becomes bankrupt or otherwise unable or unwilling to return assets to a fund, which may expose the fund to risk, especially in circumstances where the fund’s primary custodian may not be contractually obligated to make the fund whole for the particular loss.

Emerging market investments also carry the risk that strained international relations may give rise to retaliatory actions, including actions through financial markets such as purchase and ownership restrictions, sanctions, tariffs, seizure of assets, cyberattacks, and unpredictable enforcement of securities regulations and other laws. Such actual and/or threatened retaliatory actions may impact emerging market economies and issuers in which a fund invests. For example, in China, ownership of companies in certain sectors by foreign individuals and entities is prohibited.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Currency Transactions. The value in U.S. dollars of a fund’s non-dollar-denominated foreign securities may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and

B-13

exchange control regulations, and the fund may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. In an index fund, the intent is to maintain exposure to foreign currencies to the same extent that the fund’s assets are held in securities denominated in those currencies. A fund may enter into foreign currency contracts when it trades foreign stocks in order to avoid any gain or loss on the currency during the settlement period. A fund also may enter into foreign currency transactions to provide the appropriate currency exposure to offset an amount related to an open futures contract. A fund will not speculate in foreign currency exchange.

Currency exchange transactions may be conducted either on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market or through forward contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward currency contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are entered into with large commercial banks or other currency traders who are participants in the interbank market. Currency exchange transactions also may be effected through the use of swap agreements or other derivatives.

Currency exchange transactions may be considered borrowings. A currency exchange transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale of foreign currency involved in underlying security transactions, a fund may be able to protect itself against part or all of the possible loss between trade and settlement dates for that purchase or sale resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “transaction hedging.” In addition, when the advisor reasonably believes that a particular foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, a fund may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. This practice is sometimes referred to as “portfolio hedging.” Similarly, when the advisor reasonably believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, a fund may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount.

A fund may also attempt to hedge its foreign currency exchange rate risk by engaging in currency futures, options, and “cross-hedge” transactions. In cross-hedge transactions, a fund holding securities denominated in one foreign currency will enter into a forward currency contract to buy or sell a different foreign currency (one that the advisor reasonably believes generally tracks the currency being hedged with regard to price movements). The advisor may select the tracking (or substitute) currency rather than the currency in which the security is denominated for various reasons, including in order to take advantage of pricing or other opportunities presented by the tracking currency or to take advantage of a more liquid or more efficient market for the tracking currency. Such cross-hedges are expected to help protect a fund against an increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against certain foreign currencies.

A fund may hold a portion of its assets in bank deposits denominated in foreign currencies, so as to facilitate investment in foreign securities as well as protect against currency fluctuations and the need to convert such assets into U.S. dollars (thereby also reducing transaction costs). To the extent these assets are converted back into U.S. dollars, the value of the assets so maintained will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in foreign currency exchange rates and exchange control regulations.

Forecasting the movement of the currency market is extremely difficult. Whether any hedging strategy will be successful is highly uncertain. Moreover, it is impossible to forecast with precision the market value of portfolio securities at the expiration of a foreign currency forward contract. Accordingly, a fund may be required to buy or sell additional currency on the spot market (and bear the expense of such transaction) if its advisor’s predictions regarding the movement of foreign currency or securities markets prove inaccurate. In addition, the use of cross-hedging transactions may involve special risks and may leave a fund in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. Because foreign currency forward contracts are privately negotiated transactions, there can be no assurance that a fund will have flexibility to roll over a foreign currency forward contract upon its expiration if it desires to do so. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the other party to the contract will perform its services thereunder.

Foreign Securities—Foreign Investment Companies. Some of the countries in which a fund may invest may not permit, or may place economic restrictions on, direct investment by outside investors. Fund investments in such countries may be permitted only through foreign government-approved or authorized investment vehicles, which may

B-14

include other investment companies. Such investments may be made through registered or unregistered closed-end investment companies that invest in foreign securities. Investing through such vehicles may involve layered fees or expenses and may also be subject to the limitations on, and the risks of, a fund’s investments in other investment companies, which are described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Foreign Securities—Russian Market Risk. There are significant risks inherent in investing in Russian securities. The underdeveloped state of Russia’s banking system subjects the settlement, clearing, and registration of securities transactions to significant risks. In March of 2013, the National Settlement Depository (NSD) began acting as a central depository for the majority of Russian equity securities; the NSD is now recognized as the Central Securities Depository in Russia.
 
For Russian issuers with fewer than 50 shareholders, ownership records are maintained only by registrars who are under contract with the issuers and are currently not settled with the NSD. Although a Russian subcustodian will maintain copies of the registrar’s records (Share Extracts) on its premises, such Share Extracts are not recorded with the NSD and may not be legally sufficient to establish ownership of securities. The registrars may not be independent from the issuer, are not necessarily subject to effective state supervision, and may not be licensed with any governmental entity. A fund will endeavor to ensure by itself or through a custodian or other agent that the fund’s interest continues to be appropriately recorded for Russian issuers with fewer than 50 shareholders by inspecting the share register and by obtaining extracts of share registers through regular confirmations. However, these extracts have no legal enforceability, and the possibility exists that a subsequent illegal amendment or other fraudulent act may deprive the fund of its ownership rights or may improperly dilute its interest. In addition, although applicable Russian regulations impose liability on registrars for losses resulting from their errors, a fund may find it difficult to enforce any rights it may have against the registrar or issuer of the securities in the event of loss of share registration.
 
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has resulted in sanctions against Russian governmental institutions, Russian entities, and Russian individuals that may result in the devaluation of Russian currency; a downgrade in the country’s credit rating; a freeze of Russian foreign assets; a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities, properties, or interests; and other adverse consequences to the Russian economy and Russian assets. In addition, a fund’s ability to price, buy, sell, receive, or deliver Russian investments has been and may continue to be impaired. These sanctions, and the resulting disruption of the Russian economy, may cause volatility in other regional and global markets and may negatively impact the performance of various sectors and industries, as well as companies in other countries, which could have a negative effect on the performance of a fund, even if the fund does not have direct exposure to securities of Russian issuers.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts. Futures contracts and options on futures contracts are derivatives. A futures contract is a standardized agreement between two parties to buy or sell at a specific time in the future a specific quantity of a commodity at a specific price. The commodity may consist of an asset, a reference rate, or an index. A security futures contract relates to the sale of a specific quantity of shares of a single equity security or a narrow-based securities index. The value of a futures contract tends to increase and decrease in tandem with the value of the underlying commodity. The buyer of a futures contract enters into an agreement to purchase the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “long” the contract. The seller of a futures contract enters into an agreement to sell the underlying commodity on the settlement date and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which a futures contract is entered into is established either in the electronic marketplace or by open outcry on the floor of an exchange between exchange members acting as traders or brokers. Open futures contracts can be liquidated or closed out by physical delivery of the underlying commodity or payment of the cash settlement amount on the settlement date, depending on the terms of the particular contract. Some financial futures contracts (such as security futures) provide for physical settlement at maturity. Other financial futures contracts (such as those relating to interest rates, foreign currencies, and broad-based securities indexes) generally provide for cash settlement at maturity. In the case of cash-settled futures contracts, the cash settlement amount is equal to the difference between the final settlement or market price for the relevant commodity on the last trading day of the contract and the price for the relevant commodity agreed upon at the outset of the contract. Most futures contracts, however, are not held until maturity but instead are “offset” before the settlement date through the establishment of an opposite and equal futures position.

The purchaser or seller of a futures contract is not required to deliver or pay for the underlying commodity unless the contract is held until the settlement date. However, both the purchaser and seller are required to deposit “initial margin” with a futures commission merchant (FCM) when the futures contract is entered into. Initial margin deposits are typically calculated as an amount equal to the volatility in market value of a contract over a fixed period. If the value of the fund’s position declines, the fund will be required to make additional “variation margin” payments to the FCM to settle the change in value. If the value of the fund’s position increases, the FCM will be required to make additional “variation

B-15

margin” payments to the fund to settle the change in value. This process is known as “marking-to-market” and is calculated on a daily basis. A futures transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

An option on a futures contract (or futures option) conveys the right, but not the obligation, to purchase (in the case of a call option) or sell (in the case of a put option) a specific futures contract at a specific price (called the “exercise” or “strike” price) any time before the option expires. The seller of an option is called an option writer. The purchase price of an option is called the premium. The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case, for example, if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying futures contract exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying futures contract. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer.

A fund that takes the position of a writer of a futures option is required to deposit and maintain initial and variation margin with respect to the option, as previously described in the case of futures contracts. A futures option transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Futures Contracts and Options on Futures Contracts—Risks. The risk of loss in trading futures contracts and in writing futures options can be substantial because of the low margin deposits required, the extremely high degree of leverage involved in futures and options pricing, and the potential high volatility of the futures markets. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures position may result in immediate and substantial loss (or gain) for the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit if the contract were closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract, and the writing of a futures option, may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the position. In the event of adverse price movements, a fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments to maintain its required margin. In such situations, if the fund has insufficient cash, it may have to sell portfolio securities to meet daily margin requirements at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. In addition, on the settlement date, a fund may be required to make delivery of the instruments underlying the futures positions it holds.

A fund could suffer losses if it is unable to close out a futures contract or a futures option because of an illiquid secondary market. Futures contracts and futures options may be closed out only on an exchange that provides a secondary market for such products. However, there can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular futures product at any specific time. Thus, it may not be possible to close a futures or option position. Moreover, most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day, and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of future positions and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. The inability to close futures and options positions also could have an adverse impact on the ability to hedge a portfolio investment or to establish a substitute for a portfolio investment. U.S. Treasury futures are generally not subject to such daily limits.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will incorrectly predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use a futures contract or a futures option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to

B-16

the risk that the futures position will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving futures products can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments.

A fund could lose margin payments it has deposited with its FCM if, for example, the FCM breaches its agreement with the fund or becomes insolvent or goes into bankruptcy. In that event, the fund may be entitled to return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCM’s other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the fund.

Interfund Borrowing and Lending. The SEC has granted an exemption permitting registered open-end Vanguard funds to participate in Vanguard’s interfund lending program. This program allows the Vanguard funds to borrow money from and lend money to each other for temporary or emergency purposes. The program is subject to a number of conditions, including, among other things, the requirements that (1) no fund may borrow or lend money through the program unless it receives a more favorable interest rate than is typically available from a bank for a comparable transaction, (2) no fund may lend money if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the program to exceed 15% of its net assets at the time of the loan, and (3) a fund’s interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund’s net assets. In addition, a Vanguard fund may participate in the program only if and to the extent that such participation is consistent with the fund’s investment objective and investment policies. The boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds are responsible for overseeing the interfund lending program. Any delay in repayment to a lending fund could result in a lost investment opportunity or additional borrowing costs.

Investing for Control. Each Vanguard fund invests in securities and other instruments for the sole purpose of achieving a specific investment objective. As such, a Vanguard fund does not seek to acquire, individually or collectively with any other Vanguard fund, enough of a company’s outstanding voting stock to have control over management decisions. A Vanguard fund does not invest for the purpose of controlling a company’s management.

Legal and Regulatory Risk. Vanguard funds and their advisors are subject to an extensive and complex set of laws and regulations. These laws and regulations have evolved rapidly in recent years and likely will continue to evolve. Changes and additions to laws and regulations can result in unintended or unexpected impacts, including impacts to the value of a fund’s investments, a fund’s investment strategy, and/or a fund’s ability to manage tax consequences. In addition, complying with new or changing laws or regulations generally can be expected to increase operational costs, which can have a negative impact on fund performance.

Market Disruption. Significant market disruptions, such as those caused by pandemics, natural or environmental disasters, war, acts of terrorism, or other events, can adversely affect local and global markets and normal market operations. Market disruptions may exacerbate political, social, and economic risks discussed above and in a fund’s prospectus. Additionally, market disruptions may result in increased market volatility; regulatory trading halts; closure of domestic or foreign exchanges, markets, or governments; or market participants operating pursuant to business continuity plans for indeterminate periods of time. Such events can be highly disruptive to economies and markets and significantly impact individual companies, sectors, industries, markets, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of a fund’s investments and operation of a fund. These events could also result in the closure of businesses that are integral to a fund’s operations or otherwise disrupt the ability of employees of fund service providers to perform essential tasks on behalf of a fund.

Options. An option is a derivative. An option on a security (or index) is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for the payment of a “premium,” the right, but not the obligation, to buy from (in the case of a call option) or sell to (in the case of a put option) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index) at a specified exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of an option on a security has the obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price (in the case of a call option) or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security (in the case of a put option). The writer of an option on an index has the obligation upon exercise of the option to pay an amount equal to the cash value of the index minus the exercise price, multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option. The multiplier for an index option determines the size of the investment position the option represents. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of over-the-counter (OTC) options (options not traded on exchanges) generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. Although this type of arrangement allows the purchaser or writer greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve credit risk to the counterparty, whereas for exchange-traded, centrally cleared options, credit risk is mutualized through the involvement of the applicable clearing house.

B-17

The buyer (or holder) of an option is said to be “long” the option, while the seller (or writer) of an option is said to be “short” the option. A call option grants to the holder the right to buy (and obligates the writer to sell) the underlying security at the strike price, which is the predetermined price at which the option may be exercised. A put option grants to the holder the right to sell (and obligates the writer to buy) the underlying security at the strike price. The purchase price of an option is called the “premium.” The potential loss to an option buyer is limited to the amount of the premium plus transaction costs. This will be the case if the option is held and not exercised prior to its expiration date. Generally, an option writer sells options with the goal of obtaining the premium paid by the option buyer, but that person could also seek to profit from an anticipated rise or decline in option prices. If an option sold by an option writer expires without being exercised, the writer retains the full amount of the premium. The option writer, however, has unlimited economic risk because its potential loss, except to the extent offset by the premium received when the option was written, is equal to the amount the option is “in-the-money” at the expiration date. A call option is in-the-money if the value of the underlying position exceeds the exercise price of the option. A put option is in-the-money if the exercise price of the option exceeds the value of the underlying position. Generally, any profit realized by an option buyer represents a loss for the option writer. The writing of an option will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

If a trading market, in particular options, were to become unavailable, investors in those options (such as the funds) would be unable to close out their positions until trading resumes, and they may be faced with substantial losses if the value of the underlying instrument moves adversely during that time. Even if the market were to remain available, there may be times when options prices will not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying instruments and related instruments. Lack of investor interest, changes in volatility, or other factors or conditions might adversely affect the liquidity, efficiency, continuity, or even the orderliness of the market for particular options.

A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately predict future market trends. If the advisor attempts to use an option as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the option will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment, which could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving options can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many options, in particular OTC options, are complex and often valued based on subjective factors. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

OTC Swap Agreements. An over-the-counter (OTC) swap agreement, which is a type of derivative, is an agreement between two parties (counterparties) to exchange payments at specified dates (periodic payment dates) on the basis of a specified amount (notional amount) with the payments calculated with reference to a specified asset, reference rate, or index.

Examples of OTC swap agreements include, but are not limited to, interest rate swaps, credit default swaps, equity swaps, commodity swaps, foreign currency swaps, index swaps, excess return swaps, and total return swaps. Most OTC swap agreements provide that when the periodic payment dates for both parties are the same, payments are netted and only the net amount is paid to the counterparty entitled to receive the net payment. Consequently, a fund’s current obligations (or rights) under an OTC swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement, based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty. OTC swap agreements allow for a wide variety of transactions. For example, fixed rate payments may be exchanged for floating rate payments; U.S. dollar-denominated payments may be exchanged for payments denominated in a different currency; and payments tied to the price of one asset, reference rate, or index may be exchanged for payments tied to the price of another asset, reference rate, or index.

An OTC option on an OTC swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a future date in exchange for paying a market-based “premium.” A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index. Swaptions also include options that allow an existing swap to be terminated or extended by one of the counterparties.

The use of OTC swap agreements by a fund entails certain risks, which may be different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the securities and other investments that are the referenced asset for the

B-18

swap agreement. OTC swaps are highly specialized instruments that require investment techniques, risk analyses, and tax planning different from those associated with stocks, bonds, and other traditional investments. The use of an OTC swap requires an understanding not only of the referenced asset, reference rate, or index but also of the swap itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the swap under all possible market conditions.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to liquidity risk, which exists when a particular swap is difficult to purchase or sell. If an OTC swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is the case with many OTC swaps), it may not be possible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. In addition, OTC swap transactions may be subject to a fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities.

OTC swap agreements may be subject to pricing risk, which exists when a particular swap becomes extraordinarily expensive or inexpensive relative to historical prices or the prices of corresponding cash market instruments. Under certain market conditions, it may not be economically feasible to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position in time to avoid a loss or take advantage of an opportunity or to realize the intrinsic value of the OTC swap agreement.

Because certain OTC swap agreements have a leverage component, adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index can result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the swap itself. Certain OTC swaps have the potential for unlimited loss, regardless of the size of the initial investment. A leveraged OTC swap transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Like most other investments, OTC swap agreements are subject to the risk that the market value of the instrument will change in a way detrimental to a fund’s interest. A fund bears the risk that its advisor will not accurately forecast future market trends or the values of assets, reference rates, indexes, or other economic factors in establishing OTC swap positions for the fund. If the advisor attempts to use an OTC swap as a hedge against, or as a substitute for, a portfolio investment, the fund will be exposed to the risk that the OTC swap will have or will develop imperfect or no correlation with the portfolio investment. This could cause substantial losses for the fund. Although hedging strategies involving OTC swap instruments can reduce the risk of loss, they can also reduce the opportunity for gain or even result in losses by offsetting favorable price movements in other fund investments. Many OTC swaps are complex and often valued subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment requirements to counterparties or a loss of value to a fund.

The use of an OTC swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. Additionally, the use of credit default swaps can result in losses if a fund’s advisor does not correctly evaluate the creditworthiness of the issuer on which the credit swap is based.

Other Investment Companies. A fund may invest in other investment companies, including ETFs, non-exchange traded U.S. registered open-end investment companies (mutual funds), and closed-end investment companies, to the extent permitted by applicable law or SEC exemption. Under Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, a fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in shares of investment companies generally and up to 5% of its assets in any one investment company, as long as no investment represents more than 3% of the voting stock of an acquired investment company. In addition, no funds for which Vanguard acts as an advisor may, in the aggregate, own more than 10% of the voting stock of a closed-end investment company. SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits registered investment companies to invest in other registered investment companies beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1), subject to certain conditions, including that funds with different investment advisors must enter into a funds of funds investment agreement. Rule 12d1-4 is also designed to limit the use of complex fund structures. Under Rule 12d1-4, an acquired fund is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring the securities of another investment company or private fund if, immediately after the purchase, the securities of investment companies and private funds owned by the acquired fund have an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of the acquired fund’s total assets, subject to certain limited exceptions. Accordingly, to the extent a fund’s shares are sold to other investment companies in reliance on Rule 12d1-4, the acquired fund will be limited in the amount it could invest in other investment companies and private funds. If a fund invests in other investment companies, shareholders will bear not only their proportionate share of the fund’s expenses (including operating expenses and the fees of the advisor), but they also may indirectly bear similar expenses of the underlying investment companies. Certain investment companies, such as business development companies (BDCs), are more akin to operating companies and, as such, their expenses are not direct expenses paid by fund shareholders and are not used to calculate the fund’s net asset value. SEC rules nevertheless require that any expenses incurred by a BDC be included in a fund’s expense ratio as “Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses.” The

B-19

expense ratio of a fund that holds a BDC will thus overstate what the fund actually spends on portfolio management, administrative services, and other shareholder services by an amount equal to these Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are not included in a fund’s financial statements, which provide a clearer picture of a fund’s actual operating expenses. Shareholders would also be exposed to the risks associated not only with the investments of the fund but also with the portfolio investments of the underlying investment companies. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that typically trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or discount to their net asset value. Others are continuously offered at net asset value but also may be traded on the secondary market.

A fund may be limited to purchasing a particular share class of other investment companies (underlying funds). In certain cases, an investor may be able to purchase lower-cost shares of such underlying funds separately, and therefore be able to construct, and maintain over time, a similar portfolio of investments while incurring lower overall expenses.

Ownership Limitations and Regulatory Relief. The more assets that Vanguard, its affiliates, and its external advisors manage, the more the Vanguard funds are or may be negatively impacted by ownership restrictions and limitations imposed by law, by regulation or regulators, or by issuers. Ownership restrictions and limitations can apply to certain industries (for example, banking, insurance, and utilities), certain issuers (who may, for example, have mechanisms such as poison pills in place to prevent takeovers), or certain transactions, and will also vary significantly in different contexts. A fund can be subject to more than one ownership limitation depending on its holdings, and each ownership limitation can impact multiple securities held by the fund.

Ownership limitations can restrict or impair a fund’s investment activities in a variety of ways. To meet the requirements of a limitation or restriction, a fund may be unable to purchase or directly hold a security the fund would otherwise purchase or hold if the limitation did not apply. For index funds, this means a fund may not be able to track its index as closely as it would if it was not subject to an ownership limitation because the fund cannot buy its desired amount of an impacted security. For actively managed funds, this means a fund may miss an opportunity to invest in an impacted security that the fund’s investment advisor otherwise would invest in if the fund were not subject to an ownership limitation. These types of restrictions could negatively impact a fund’s performance.

When a Vanguard fund is subject to an ownership limitation, Vanguard or the fund typically will seek permission to exceed the limitation. However, there is no guarantee that permission will be granted, or that, once granted, it will not be modified or revoked at a later date. If this happens, the fund could be required to sell or otherwise dispose of holdings in one or more issuers to comply with limitations. In order to obtain permission to exceed an ownership limitation, Vanguard may have to agree to certain conditions that will impact its ability to exercise rights on behalf of funds. For example, Vanguard may be required to agree to vote proxies in a certain way for any securities Vanguard funds hold that exceed a particular ownership limitation.

For situations in which Vanguard does not have or is unable to obtain permission to exceed ownership limitations, Vanguard, its affiliates, and its external advisors have adopted a policy designed to allocate ownership of impacted securities across Vanguard products in a way that Vanguard deems fair and equitable over time. This allocation policy could result in certain Vanguard products obtaining zero or reduced direct exposure to one or more impacted securities and/or indirect exposure to impacted securities. In order to obtain indirect exposure, funds may use derivatives (such as total return swaps) or invest in totally held subsidiaries that hold the impacted securities. Both of these ways of obtaining indirect exposure may be more costly than owning securities of the issuer directly. Depending on the circumstances, certain Vanguard funds may incur and bear the costs associated with transactions entered into for these purposes that other Vanguard funds do not incur and bear. In addition, Vanguard, its affiliates, and its external advisors are not able to guarantee that they will be able to obtain some or all of the derivatives that funds want in order to gain indirect exposure to an impacted security. This limited availability of derivatives may impact the ability of a fund to meet its investment objective or invest in accordance with its investment strategy, and/or have additional impacts to fund performance. Additionally, funds that use derivatives for indirect exposure are subject to derivatives-related risks.

Ownership limitations and the use of derivatives to address ownership limitations could result in unanticipated tax consequences to a fund that may affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders. The taxation of derivatives can be complex and, depending upon the type and amount of derivatives employed by a fund, the tax consequences of using derivatives could be worse than the tax consequences that result from direct exposure to impacted securities.

Ownership limitations are highly complex. It is possible that, despite a fund’s intent to either comply with or be granted permission to exceed ownership limitations, it may inadvertently breach a limit.

B-20

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. Preferred stock normally pays dividends at a specified rate and has precedence over common stock in the event the issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy. However, in the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. Preferred stock, unlike common stock, often has a stated dividend rate payable from the corporation’s earnings. Preferred stock dividends may be cumulative or noncumulative, participating, or auction rate. “Cumulative” dividend provisions require all or a portion of prior unpaid dividends to be paid before dividends can be paid to the issuer’s common stock. “Participating” preferred stock may be entitled to a dividend exceeding the stated dividend in certain cases. If interest rates rise, the fixed dividend on preferred stocks may be less attractive, causing the price of such stocks to decline. Preferred stock may have mandatory sinking fund provisions, as well as provisions allowing the stock to be called or redeemed, which can limit the benefit of a decline in interest rates. Preferred stock is subject to many of the risks to which common stock and debt securities are subject. In addition, preferred stock may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than common stock or debt securities because preferred stock may trade with less frequency and in more limited volume.

Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). An equity REIT owns real estate properties directly and generates income from rental and lease payments. Equity REITs also have the potential to generate capital gains as properties are sold at a profit. A mortgage REIT makes construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans to commercial real estate developers and earns interest income on these loans. A hybrid REIT holds both properties and mortgages. To avoid taxation at the corporate level, REITs must distribute most of their earnings to shareholders.

Investments in REITs are subject to many of the same risks as direct investments in real estate. In general, real estate values can be affected by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, supply and demand for properties, general or local economic conditions, and the strength of specific industries that rent properties. Ultimately, a REIT’s performance depends on the types and locations of the properties it owns and on how well the REIT manages its properties. For example, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, regulatory limitations on rents, fluctuations in rental income, variations in market rental rates, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding in the area, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses because of casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws.

The value of a REIT may also be affected by changes in interest rates. Rising interest rates generally increase the cost of financing for real estate projects, which could cause the value of an equity REIT to decline. During periods of declining interest rates, mortgagors may elect to prepay mortgages held by mortgage REITs, which could lower or diminish the yield on the REIT. REITs are also subject to heavy cash-flow dependency, default by borrowers, and changes in tax and regulatory requirements. In addition, a REIT may fail to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the IRC and/or fail to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.

Reliance on Service Providers, Data Providers, and Other Technology. Vanguard funds rely upon the performance of service providers to execute several key functions, which may include functions integral to a fund’s operations. Failure by any service provider to carry out its obligations to a fund could disrupt the business of the fund and could have an adverse effect on the fund’s performance. A fund’s service providers’ reliance on certain technology or information vendors (e.g., trading systems, investment analysis tools, benchmark analytics, and tax and accounting tools) could also adversely affect a fund and its shareholders. For example, a fund’s investment advisor may use models and/or data with respect to potential investments for the fund. When models or data prove to be incorrect or incomplete, any decisions made in reliance upon such models or data expose a fund to potential risks.

Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is an agreement under which a fund acquires a debt security (generally a security issued by the U.S. government or an agency thereof, a banker’s acceptance, or a certificate of deposit) from a bank, a broker, a dealer, or another counterparty that meets minimum credit requirements and simultaneously agrees to resell such security to the seller at an agreed-upon price and date (normally, the next business day). Because the security purchased constitutes collateral for the repurchase obligation, a repurchase agreement may be considered a loan that is collateralized by the security purchased. The resale price reflects an agreed-upon interest rate effective for the period the instrument is held by a fund and is unrelated to the interest rate on the underlying instrument. In these transactions, the securities acquired by a fund (including accrued interest earned thereon) must have a total value in excess of the value of the repurchase agreement and be held by a custodian bank until repurchased. In addition, the investment advisor will monitor a fund’s repurchase agreement transactions generally and will evaluate the creditworthiness of any bank, broker, dealer, or other counterparty that meets minimum credit requirements to a repurchase agreement relating to a fund. The aggregate amount of any such agreements is not limited, except to the extent required by law.

B-21

The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. One risk is the seller’s ability to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the repurchase date. If the seller defaults, the fund may incur costs in disposing of the collateral, which would reduce the amount realized thereon. If the seller seeks relief under bankruptcy laws, the disposition of the collateral may be delayed or limited. For example, if the other party to the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under bankruptcy or other laws, a court may determine that the underlying security is collateral for a loan by the fund not within its control, and therefore the realization by the fund on such collateral may be automatically stayed. Finally, it is possible that the fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying security and may be deemed an unsecured creditor of the other party to the agreement.

Restricted and Illiquid Securities/Investments (including Private Placements). Illiquid securities/investments are investments that a fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. The SEC generally limits aggregate holdings of illiquid securities/investments by a mutual fund to 15% of its net assets (5% for money market funds). A fund may experience difficulty valuing and selling illiquid securities/investments and, in some cases, may be unable to value or sell certain illiquid securities for an indefinite period of time. Illiquid securities may include a wide variety of investments, such as (1) repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days (unless the agreements have demand/redemption features), (2) OTC options contracts and certain other derivatives (including certain swap agreements), (3) fixed time deposits that are not subject to prepayment or do not provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits), (4) certain loan interests and other direct debt instruments, (5) certain municipal lease obligations, (6) private equity investments, (7) commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act, and (8) securities whose disposition is restricted under the federal securities laws. Illiquid securities/investments may include restricted, privately placed securities (such as private investments in public equity (PIPEs) or special purpose acquisition companies (SPACs)) that, under the federal securities laws, generally may be resold only to qualified institutional buyers. If a market develops for a restricted security held by a fund, it may be treated as a liquid security in accordance with guidelines approved by the board of trustees.

Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund sells a security to another party, such as a bank or broker-dealer, in return for cash and agrees to repurchase that security at an agreed-upon price and time. Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund continues to receive any principal and interest payments on the underlying security during the term of the agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of securities retained by the fund may decline below the repurchase price of the securities sold by the fund that it is obligated to repurchase. In addition to the risk of such a loss, fees charged to the fund may exceed the return the fund earns from investing the proceeds received from the reverse repurchase agreement transaction. A reverse repurchase agreement may be considered a borrowing transaction for purposes of the 1940 Act. A reverse repurchase agreement transaction will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by a fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4. A fund will enter into reverse repurchase agreements only with parties whose creditworthiness has been reviewed and found satisfactory by the advisor. If the buyer in a reverse repurchase agreement becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, a fund’s use of proceeds from the sale may be restricted while the other party or its trustee or receiver determines if it will honor the fund’s right to repurchase the securities. If the fund is unable to recover the securities it sold in a reverse repurchase agreement, it would realize a loss equal to the difference between the value of the securities and the payment it received for them.

Securities Lending. A fund may lend its securities to financial institutions (typically brokers, dealers, and banks) to generate income for the fund. There are certain risks associated with lending securities, including counterparty, credit, market, regulatory, and operational risks. Vanguard considers the creditworthiness of the borrower, among other factors, in making decisions with respect to the lending of securities, subject to oversight by the board of trustees. If the borrower defaults on its obligation to return the securities lent because of insolvency or other reasons, a fund could experience delays and costs in recovering the securities lent or in gaining access to the collateral. These delays and costs could be greater for certain types of foreign securities, as well as certain types of borrowers that are subject to global regulatory regimes. If a fund is not able to recover the securities lent, the fund may sell the collateral and purchase a replacement security in the market. Collateral investments are subject to market appreciation or depreciation. The value of the collateral could decrease below the value of the replacement investment by the time the replacement investment is purchased. Currently, a fund invests cash collateral into Vanguard Market Liquidity Fund, an affiliated money market fund that invests primarily in high-quality, short-term money market instruments.

The terms and the structure of the loan arrangements, as well as the aggregate amount of securities loans, must be consistent with the 1940 Act and the rules or interpretations of the SEC thereunder. These provisions limit the amount of

B-22

securities a fund may lend to 33 1∕3% of the fund’s total assets and require that (1) the borrower pledge and maintain with the fund collateral consisting of cash, an irrevocable letter of credit, or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government having at all times not less than 100% of the value of the securities lent; (2) the borrower add to such collateral whenever the price of the securities lent rises (i.e., the borrower “marks to market” on a daily basis); (3) the loan be made subject to termination by the fund at any time; and (4) the fund receives reasonable interest on the loan (which may include the fund investing any cash collateral in interest-bearing short-term investments), any distribution on the lent securities, and any increase in their market value. Loan arrangements made by a fund will comply with any other applicable regulatory requirements. At the present time, the SEC does not object if an investment company pays reasonable negotiated fees in connection with lent securities, so long as such fees are set forth in a written contract and approved by the investment company’s trustees. In addition, voting rights pass with the lent securities, but if a fund has knowledge that a material event will occur affecting securities on loan, and in respect to which the holder of the securities will be entitled to vote or consent, the lender must be entitled to call the loaned securities in time to vote or consent. A fund bears the risk that there may be a delay in the return of the securities, which may impair the fund’s ability to vote on such a matter. See Tax Status of the Funds for information about certain tax consequences related to a fund’s securities lending activities.

Pursuant to Vanguard’s securities lending policy, Vanguard’s fixed income and money market funds are not permitted to, and do not, lend their investment securities.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Discussion. Discussion herein of U.S. federal income tax matters summarizes some of the important, generally applicable U.S. federal tax considerations relevant to investment in a fund based on the IRC, U.S. Treasury regulations, and other applicable authorities. These authorities are subject to change by legislative, administrative, or judicial action, possibly with retroactive effect. Each Fund has not requested and will not request an advance ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) as to the U.S. federal income tax matters discussed in this Statement of Additional Information. In some cases, a fund’s tax position may be uncertain under current tax law and an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to such a position could adversely affect the fund and its shareholders, including the fund’s ability to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company or to continue to pursue its current investment strategy. A shareholder should consult their tax professional for information regarding the particular situation and the possible application of U.S. federal, state, local, foreign, and other taxes.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions. A fund’s transactions in derivative instruments (including, but not limited to, options, futures, forward contracts, and swap agreements), as well as any of the fund’s hedging, short sale, securities loan, or similar transactions, may be subject to one or more special tax rules that accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains, or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders.

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether a fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a fund-level tax.

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Futures Contracts. For federal income tax purposes, a fund generally must recognize, as of the end of each taxable year, any net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts, as well as any gains and losses actually realized during the year. In these cases, any gain or loss recognized with respect to a futures contract is considered to be 60% long-term capital gain or loss and 40% short-term capital gain or loss, without regard to the holding period of the contract. Gains and losses on certain other futures contracts (primarily non-U.S. futures contracts) are not recognized until the contracts are closed and are treated as long-term or short-term, depending on the holding period of the contract. Sales of futures contracts that are intended to hedge against a change in the value of securities held by a fund may affect the holding period of such securities and, consequently, the nature of the gain or loss on such securities upon disposition. A fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on one position, such as futures contracts, to the extent of any unrecognized gains on a related offsetting position held by the fund.

A fund will distribute to shareholders annually any net capital gains that have been recognized for federal income tax purposes on futures transactions. Such distributions will be combined with distributions of capital gains realized on the fund’s other investments, and shareholders will be advised on the nature of the distributions.

B-23

Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Non-U.S. Currency Transactions. Special rules generally govern the federal income tax treatment of a fund’s transactions in the following: non-U.S. currencies; non-U.S. currency-denominated debt obligations; and certain non-U.S. currency options, futures contracts, forward contracts, and similar instruments. Accordingly, if a fund engages in these types of transactions it may have ordinary income or loss to the extent that such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the non-U.S. currency concerned. Such ordinary income could accelerate fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to shareholders as ordinary income. Any ordinary loss so created will generally reduce ordinary income distributions and, in some cases, could require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions. Net ordinary losses cannot be carried forward by the fund to offset income or gains realized in subsequent taxable years.

Any gain or loss attributable to the non-U.S. currency component of a transaction engaged in by a fund that is not subject to these special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will generally be treated as a capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction.

To the extent a fund engages in non-U.S. currency hedging, the fund may elect or be required to apply other rules that could affect the character, timing, or amount of the fund’s gains and losses. For more information, see “Tax Matters—Federal Tax Treatment of Derivatives, Hedging, and Related Transactions.”

Tax Matters—Foreign Tax Credit. Foreign governments may withhold taxes on dividends and interest paid with respect to foreign securities held by a fund. Foreign governments may also impose taxes on other payments or gains with respect to foreign securities. If, at the close of its fiscal year, more than 50% of a fund’s total assets are invested in securities of foreign issuers, the fund may elect to pass through to shareholders the ability to deduct or, if they meet certain holding period requirements, take a credit for foreign taxes paid by the fund. Similarly, if at the close of each quarter of a fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of its total assets consist of interests in other regulated investment companies, the fund is permitted to elect to pass through to its shareholders the foreign income taxes paid by the fund in connection with foreign securities held directly by the fund or held by a regulated investment company in which the fund invests that has elected to pass through such taxes to shareholders.

Tax Matters—Passive Foreign Investment Companies. To the extent that a fund invests in stock in a foreign company, such stock may constitute an equity investment in a passive foreign investment company (PFIC). A foreign company is generally a PFIC if 75% or more of its gross income is passive or if 50% or more of its assets produce passive income. Capital gains on the sale of an interest in a PFIC will be deemed ordinary income regardless of how long a fund held it. Also, a fund may be subject to corporate income tax and an interest charge on certain dividends and capital gains earned in respect to PFIC interests, whether or not such amounts are distributed to shareholders. To avoid such tax and interest, a fund may elect to “mark to market” its PFIC interests, that is, to treat such interests as sold on the last day of a fund’s fiscal year, and to recognize any unrealized gains (or losses, to the extent of previously recognized gains) as ordinary income (or loss) each year. Distributions from a fund that are attributable to income or gains earned in respect to PFIC interests are characterized as ordinary income.

Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits. If a fund invests directly or indirectly, including through a REIT or other pass-through entity, in residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (TMPs), a portion of the fund’s income that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP (such portion referred to in the IRC as an “excess inclusion”) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events—including potentially at the fund level—under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and U.S. Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a regulated investment company will be allocated to shareholders of the regulated investment company in proportion to the dividends received by such shareholders, with the same consequences as if the shareholders held the related interest directly. In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (1) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions); (2) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (UBTI) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan, or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity, which otherwise might not be required, to file a tax return and pay tax on such income; and (3) in the case of a non-U.S. investor, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the IRC. As a result, a fund investing in such interests may not be suitable for charitable remainder trusts. See “Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors.”

B-24

Tax Matters—Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Investors. U.S. withholding and estate taxes and certain U.S. tax reporting requirements may apply to any investments made by non-U.S. investors in Vanguard funds. Certain properly reported distributions of qualifying interest income or short-term capital gain made by a fund to its non-U.S. investors are exempt from U.S. withholding taxes, provided the investors furnish valid tax documentation (i.e., IRS Form W-8) certifying as to their non-U.S. status.

A fund is permitted, but is not required, to report any of its distributions as eligible for such relief, and some distributions (e.g., distributions of interest a fund receives from non-U.S. issuers) are not eligible for this relief. For some funds, Vanguard has chosen to report qualifying distributions and apply the withholding exemption to those distributions when made to non-U.S. shareholders who invest directly with Vanguard. For other funds, Vanguard may choose not to apply the withholding exemption to qualifying fund distributions made to direct shareholders, but may provide the reporting to such shareholders. In these cases, a shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax directly from the IRS.

If shareholders hold fund shares (including ETF shares) through a broker or intermediary, their broker or intermediary may apply this relief to properly reported qualifying distributions made to shareholders with respect to those shares. If a shareholder’s broker or intermediary instead collects withholding tax where the fund has provided the proper reporting, the shareholder may be able to reclaim such withholding tax from the IRS. Please consult your broker or intermediary regarding the application of these rules.

This relief does not apply to any withholding required under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA), which generally requires a fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders. If a shareholder fails to provide this information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA, a fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on fund distributions. Please consult your tax advisor for more information about these rules.

Tax Matters—Tax-Exempt Investors. Income of a fund that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the fund. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in a fund if shares in the fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of IRC Section 514(b).

A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if a fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. See “Tax Matters—Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits.”

In addition, special tax consequences apply to charitable remainder trusts that invest in a fund that invests directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Charitable remainder trusts and other tax-exempt investors are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in a fund.

Time Deposits. Time deposits are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issuers of money market instruments, most notably credit risk (and, to a lesser extent, income risk, market risk, and liquidity risk). Additionally, time deposits of foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign branches of foreign banks may be subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of U.S. dollars, from flowing across its borders. Other risks include adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers. However, time deposits of such issuers will undergo the same type of credit analysis as domestic issuers in which a Vanguard fund invests and will have at least the same financial strength as the domestic issuers approved for the fund.

Warrants. Warrants are instruments that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments. Other kinds of warrants exist, including, but not limited to, warrants linked to countries’ economic performance or to commodity prices such as oil prices. These warrants may be subject to risk from fluctuation of underlying assets or indexes, as well as credit risk that the issuer does not pay on the obligations and risk that the data used for warrant payment calculation does not accurately reflect the true underlying commodity price or economic performance.

B-25

When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery, and Forward-Commitment Transactions. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions involve a commitment to purchase or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield in which payment and delivery take place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. Typically, no interest accrues to the purchaser until the security is delivered. When purchasing securities pursuant to one of these transactions, payment for the securities is not required until the delivery date. However, the purchaser assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risks of price and yield fluctuations and the risk that the security will not be issued as anticipated. When a fund has sold a security pursuant to one of these transactions, the fund does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to the security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss. A fund may renegotiate a when-issued or forward-commitment transaction and may sell the underlying securities before delivery, which may result in capital gains or losses for the fund. When-issued, delayed-delivery, and forward-commitment transactions will not be considered to constitute the issuance, by a fund, of a “senior security,” as that term is defined in Section 18(g) of the 1940 Act, and therefore such transaction will not be subject to the 300% asset coverage requirement otherwise applicable to borrowings by the fund, if the fund complies with Rule 18f-4.

Regulatory Restrictions in India. Shares of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index, FTSE All-World ex-US Index, FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index, Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index, and Total World Stock Index Funds have not been, and will not be, registered under the laws of India and are not intended to benefit from any laws in India promulgated for the protection of shareholders. As a result of regulatory requirements in India, shares of the Funds shall not be knowingly offered to (directly or indirectly) or sold or delivered to (within India); transferred to or purchased by; or held by, for, on the account of, or for the benefit of (i) a “person resident in India” (as defined under applicable Indian law), (ii) an “overseas corporate body” or a “person of Indian origin” (as defined under applicable Indian law), or (iii) any other entity or person disqualified or otherwise prohibited from accessing the Indian securities market under applicable laws, as may be amended from time to time. Investors, prior to purchasing shares of the Funds, must satisfy themselves regarding compliance with these requirements.

Share Price

Multiple-class funds do not have a single share price. Rather, each class has a share price, also known as net asset value (NAV), which which is typically calculated as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time, on each day that the NYSE is open for business (a business day). In the rare event the NYSE experiences unanticipated disruptions and is unavailable at the close of the trading day, each Fund reserves the right to treat such day as a business day and calculate NAVs as of the close of regular trading on the Nasdaq (or another alternate exchange if the Nasdaq is unavailable, as determined at Vanguard’s discretion), generally 4 p.m., Eastern time. The NAV per share is computed by dividing the total assets, minus liabilities, allocated to the share class by the number of Fund shares outstanding for that class. On U.S. holidays or other days when the NYSE is closed, the NAV is not calculated, and the Funds do not sell or redeem shares. However, on those days the value of a Fund’s assets may be affected to the extent that the Fund holds securities that change in value on those days (such as foreign securities that trade on foreign markets that are open).

The NYSE typically observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day. Although each Fund expects the same holidays to be observed in the future, the NYSE may modify its holiday schedule or hours of operation at any time.

Purchase and Redemption of Shares

Purchase of Shares  (Other than ETF Shares)

The purchase price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the purchase request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

 
The Funds (other than Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund) do not charge purchase fees. The Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund charges a 0.25% purchase fee. The purchase fee is paid to the Fund to reimburse it for the transaction costs incurred from purchasing securities. The fee is deducted from all purchases, including shares purchased by exchange from other Vanguard funds. Information regarding the application of purchase fees is described more fully in the Fund’s prospectus.

B-26

Exchange of Securities for Shares of a Fund. Shares of a Fund may be purchased “in kind” (i.e., in exchange for securities, rather than for cash) at the discretion of the Fund’s portfolio manager. Such securities must not be restricted as to transfer and must have a value that is readily ascertainable. Securities accepted by the Fund will be valued, as set forth in the Fund’s prospectus, as of the time of the next determination of NAV after such acceptance. All dividend, subscription, or other rights that are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the Fund and must be delivered to the Fund by the investor upon receipt from the issuer. A gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, depending upon the cost of the securities tendered, would be realized by the investor upon the exchange. Investors interested in purchasing fund shares in kind should contact Vanguard.

Redemption of Shares  (Other than ETF Shares)

The redemption price of shares of each Fund is the NAV per share next determined after the redemption request is received in good order, as defined in the Fund’s prospectus.

Each Fund can postpone payment of redemption proceeds for up to seven calendar days. In addition, each Fund can suspend redemptions and/or postpone payments of redemption proceeds beyond seven calendar days (1) during any period that the NYSE is closed or trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC; (2) during any period when an emergency exists, as defined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or to fairly determine the value of its assets; or (3) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.

The Trust has filed a notice of election with the SEC to pay in cash all redemptions requested by any shareholder of record limited in amount during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of a Fund at the beginning of such period.

If Vanguard determines that it would be detrimental to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a Fund to make payment wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of readily marketable securities held by the Fund in lieu of cash in conformity with applicable rules of the SEC and in accordance with procedures adopted by the Fund’s board of trustees. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of such securities received in payment of redemptions.

The Funds (other than Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund) do not charge redemption fees. There is a 0.25% redemption fee charged for redemptions from the Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund. The redemption fee is paid to the Fund to reimburse it for the transaction costs incurred from liquidating securities in order to meet fund redemptions. Information regarding the application of redemption fees is described more fully in the Fund’s prospectus. Shares redeemed may be worth more or less than what was paid for them, depending on the market value of the securities held by the Funds.

Vanguard processes purchase and redemption requests through a pooled account. Pending investment direction or distribution of redemption proceeds, the assets in the pooled account are invested and any earnings (the “float”) are allocated proportionately among the Vanguard funds in order to offset fund expenses. Other than the float, Vanguard treats assets held in the pooled account as the assets of each shareholder making such purchase or redemption request.

Right to Change Policies

Vanguard reserves the right, without notice, to (1) alter, add, or discontinue any conditions of purchase (including eligibility requirements), redemption, exchange, conversion, service, or privilege at any time and (2) alter, impose, discontinue, or waive any purchase fee, redemption fee, account service fee, or other fee charged to a shareholder or a group of shareholders. Changes may affect any or all investors. These actions will be taken when, at the sole discretion of Vanguard management, Vanguard believes they are in the best interest of a fund.

Account Restrictions

Vanguard reserves the right to: (1) redeem all or a portion of a fund/account to meet a legal obligation, including tax withholding, tax lien, garnishment order, or other obligation imposed on your account by a court or government agency; (2) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options in the case of threatening conduct or activity; (3) redeem shares, close an account, or suspend account privileges, features, or options if Vanguard believes or suspects that not doing so could result in a suspicious, fraudulent, or illegal transaction; (4) place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if it is required to do so by a court or government agency; (5)

B-27

place restrictions on the ability to redeem any or all shares in an account if Vanguard believes that doing so will prevent fraud or financial exploitation or abuse, or will protect vulnerable investors; (6) freeze any account and/or suspend account services if Vanguard has received reasonable notice of a dispute regarding the assets in an account, including notice of a dispute between the registered or beneficial account owners; and (7) freeze any account and/or suspend account services upon initial notification to Vanguard of the death of an account owner.

Investing With Vanguard Through Other Firms

Each Fund has authorized certain agents to accept on its behalf purchase and redemption orders, and those agents are authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf (collectively, Authorized Agents). The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an Authorized Agent accepts the order in accordance with the Fund’s instructions. In most instances, a customer order that is properly transmitted to an Authorized Agent will be priced at the NAV per share next determined after the order is received by the Authorized Agent.

Management of the Funds

Vanguard

Each Fund is part of the Vanguard group of investment companies, which consists of over 200 funds. Each fund is a series of a Delaware statutory trust. The funds obtain virtually all of their corporate management, administrative, and distribution services through the trusts’ jointly owned subsidiary, Vanguard. Vanguard may contract with certain third-party service providers to assist Vanguard in providing certain administrative and/or accounting services with
respect to the funds, subject to Vanguard’s oversight. Vanguard also provides investment advisory services to certain Vanguard funds. All of these services are provided at Vanguard’s total cost of operations pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement (the Agreement).

Vanguard employs a supporting staff of management and administrative personnel needed to provide the requisite services to the funds and also furnishes the funds with necessary office space, furnishings, and equipment. Each fund (other than a fund of funds) pays its share of Vanguard’s total expenses, which are allocated among the funds under methods approved by the board of trustees of each fund. In addition, each fund bears its own direct expenses, such as legal, auditing, and custodial fees.
 
Pursuant to an agreement between Vanguard and JP Morgan Chase Bank N.A. (JP Morgan), JP Morgan provides services for Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund. These services include, but are not limited to: (i) the calculation of the fund’s daily NAVs and (ii) the furnishing of financial reports. The fees paid to JP Morgan under this agreement are based on a combination of flat and asset based fees. During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, JP Morgan had received fees from the Fund for administrative services rendered as shown in the table below. 
 
Pursuant to an agreement between Vanguard and State Street Bank and Trust Company (State Street), State Street provides services for Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund, Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund, Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund . These services include, but are not limited to: (i) the calculation of such funds’ daily NAVs and (ii) the furnishing of financial reports. The fees paid to State Street under this agreement are based on a combination of flat and asset based fees. During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, State Street had received fees from the Funds for administrative services rendered as shown in the table below.
 

Vanguard Fund	2022	2023	2024
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	$16,999.91	$16,999.93	$17,999.81
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	21,500.06	21,500.07	21,770.90
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	21,500.03	21,500.03	21,687.52
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	21,500.00	21,500.04	21,604.17
Vanguard Global ex-US Real Estate Index Fund	21,500.01	21,499.99	21,604.17
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	21,500.02	21,500.05	21,687.56
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	21,500.03	21,500.04	21,604.19

B-28

The funds’ officers are also employees of Vanguard.

Vanguard, Vanguard Marketing Corporation (VMC), the funds, and the funds’ advisors have adopted codes of ethics designed to prevent employees who may have access to nonpublic information about the trading activities of the funds (access persons) from profiting from that information. The codes of ethics permit access persons to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be held by a fund, but place substantive and procedural restrictions on the trading activities of access persons. For example, the codes of ethics require that access persons receive advance approval for most securities trades to ensure that there is no conflict with the trading activities of the funds.

Vanguard was established and operates under the Agreement. The Agreement provides that each Vanguard fund may be called upon to invest up to 0.40% of its net assets in Vanguard. The amounts that each fund has invested are adjusted from time to time in order to maintain the proportionate relationship between each fund’s relative net assets and its contribution to Vanguard’s capital.

As of October 31, 2024, each Fund had contributed capital to Vanguard as follows: 

Vanguard Fund	Capital Contribution to Vanguard	Percentage of Fund’s Average Net Assets	Percent of Vanguard’s Capitalization
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	$3,156,000	Less than 0.01%	1.26%
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	710,000	Less than 0.01%	0.28
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	1,612,000	Less than 0.01%	0.64
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	305,000	Less than 0.01%	0.12
Vanguard Global ex-US Real Estate Index Fund	109,000	Less than 0.01%	0.04
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	287,000	Less than 0.01%	0.11
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	1,464,000	Less than 0.01%	0.59

Management. Corporate management and administrative services include (1) executive staff, (2) accounting and financial, (3) legal and regulatory, (4) shareholder account maintenance, (5) monitoring and control of custodian relationships, (6) shareholder reporting, (7) review and evaluation of advisory and other services provided to the funds by third parties, and (8) such other services necessary to operate the funds at the lowest reasonable cost in accordance with the Agreement.

Distribution. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355, a wholly owned subsidiary of Vanguard, is the principal underwriter for the funds and in that capacity performs and finances marketing, promotional, and distribution activities (collectively, marketing and distribution activities) that are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares. VMC offers shares of each fund for sale on a continuous basis and will use all reasonable efforts in connection with the distribution of shares of the funds. VMC performs marketing and distribution activities in accordance with the conditions of a 1981 SEC exemptive order that permits the Vanguard funds to internalize and jointly finance the marketing, promotion, and distribution of their shares. The funds’ trustees review and approve the marketing and distribution expenses incurred by the funds, including the nature and cost of the activities and the desirability of each fund’s continued participation in the joint arrangement.

To ensure that each fund’s participation in the joint arrangement falls within a reasonable range of fairness, each fund contributes to VMC’s marketing and distribution expenses in accordance with an SEC-approved formula. Under that formula, one half of the marketing and distribution expenses are allocated among the funds based upon their relative net assets. The remaining half of those expenses is allocated among the funds based upon each fund’s sales for the preceding 24 months relative to the total sales of the funds as a group, provided, however, that no fund’s aggregate quarterly rate of contribution for marketing and distribution expenses shall exceed 125% of the average marketing and distribution expense rate for Vanguard and that no fund shall incur annual marketing and distribution expenses in excess of 0.20% of its average month-end net assets. Each fund’s contribution to these marketing and distribution expenses helps to maintain and enhance the attractiveness and viability of the Vanguard complex as a whole, which benefits all of the funds and their shareholders.

B-29

VMC’s principal marketing and distribution expenses are for advertising, promotional materials, and marketing personnel. Other marketing and distribution activities of an administrative nature that VMC undertakes on behalf of the funds may include, but are not limited to:

■ Conducting or publishing Vanguard-generated research and analysis concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

■ Providing views, opinions, advice, or commentary concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

■ Providing analytical, statistical, performance, or other information concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy.

■ Providing administrative services in connection with investments in the funds or other investments, including, but not limited to, shareholder services, recordkeeping services, and educational services.

■ Providing products or services that assist investors or financial service providers (as defined below) in the investment decision-making process.

VMC performs most marketing and distribution activities itself. Some activities may be conducted by third parties pursuant to shared marketing arrangements under which VMC agrees to share the costs and performance of marketing and distribution activities in concert with a financial service provider. Financial service providers include, but are not limited to, investment advisors, broker-dealers, financial planners, financial consultants, banks, and insurance companies. Under these cost- and performance-sharing arrangements, VMC may pay or reimburse a financial service provider (or a third party it retains) for marketing and distribution activities that VMC would otherwise perform. VMC’s cost- and performance-sharing arrangements may be established in connection with Vanguard investment products or services offered or provided to or through the financial service providers.

VMC’s arrangements for shared marketing and distribution activities may vary among financial service providers, and its payments or reimbursements to financial service providers in connection with shared marketing and distribution activities may be significant. VMC, as a matter of policy, does not pay asset-based fees, sales-based fees, or account-based fees to financial service providers in connection with its marketing and distribution activities for the Vanguard funds. VMC does make fixed dollar payments to financial service providers when sponsoring, jointly sponsoring, financially supporting, or participating in conferences, programs, seminars, presentations, meetings, or other events involving fund shareholders, financial service providers, or others concerning the funds, other investments, the financial markets, or the economy, such as industry conferences, prospecting trips, due diligence visits, training or education meetings, and sales presentations. VMC also makes fixed dollar payments to financial service providers for data regarding funds, such as statistical information regarding sales of fund shares. In addition, VMC makes fixed dollar payments for expenses associated with financial service providers’ use of Vanguard’s funds including, but not limited to, the use of funds in model portfolios. These payments may be used for services including, but not limited to, technology support and development; platform support and development; due diligence related to products used on a platform; legal, regulatory, and compliance expenses related to a platform; and other platform-related services.

In connection with its marketing and distribution activities, VMC may give financial service providers (or their representatives) (1) promotional items of nominal value that display Vanguard’s logo, such as golf balls, shirts, towels, pens, and mouse pads; (2) gifts that do not exceed $100 per person annually and are not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; (3) an occasional meal, a ticket to a sporting event or the theater, or comparable entertainment that is neither so frequent nor so extensive as to raise any question of propriety and is not preconditioned on achievement of a sales target; and (4) reasonable travel and lodging accommodations to facilitate participation in marketing and distribution activities.

VMC policy prohibits marketing and distribution activities that are intended, designed, or likely to compromise suitability determinations by, or the fulfillment of any fiduciary duties or other obligations that apply to, financial service providers. Nonetheless, VMC’s marketing and distribution activities are primarily intended to result in the sale of the funds’ shares, and as such, its activities, including shared marketing and distribution activities and fixed dollar payments as described above, may influence applicable financial service providers (or their representatives) to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. In addition, Vanguard or any of its subsidiaries may retain a financial service provider to provide consulting or other services, and that financial service provider also may provide services to investors. Investors should consider the possibility that any of these activities, relationships, or payments may influence

B-30

a financial service provider’s (or its representatives’) decision to recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class. Each financial service provider should consider its suitability determinations, fiduciary duties, and other legal obligations (or those of its representatives) in connection with any decision to consider, recommend, promote, include, or invest in a Vanguard fund or share class.

The following table describes the expenses of Vanguard and VMC that are incurred by Funds. Amounts captioned “Management and Administrative Expenses” include a Fund’s allocated share of expenses associated with the management, administrative, and transfer agency services Vanguard provides to the Vanguard funds. Amounts captioned “Marketing and Distribution Expenses” include a Fund’s allocated share of expenses associated with the marketing and distribution activities that VMC conducts on behalf of the Vanguard funds.

As is the case with all mutual funds, transaction costs incurred by the Funds for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses are based on expenses incurred in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, and are presented as a percentage of each Fund’s average month-end net assets.

B-31

 

Annual Shared Fund Operating Expenses (Shared Expenses Deducted From Fund Assets)
Vanguard Fund	2022	2023	2024
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.06%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.05%	0.07%	0.07%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.05%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Small-Cap Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.05%	0.05%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.09%	0.09%	0.08%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.06%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund
Management and Administrative Expenses	0.06%	0.06%	0.06%
Marketing and Distribution Expenses	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01	Less than 0.01

Officers and Trustees

Each Vanguard fund is governed by the board of trustees of its trust and a single set of officers. Consistent with the board’s corporate governance principles, the trustees believe that their primary responsibility is oversight of the management of each fund for the benefit of its shareholders, not day-to-day management. The trustees set broad policies for the funds; select investment advisors; monitor fund operations, regulatory compliance, performance, and costs; nominate and select new trustees; and elect fund officers. Vanguard manages the day-to-day operations of the funds under the direction of the board of trustees.

The trustees play an active role, as a full board and at the committee level, in overseeing risk management for the funds. The trustees delegate the day-to-day risk management of the funds to various groups, including portfolio review, investment management, risk management, compliance, legal, fund accounting, and fund services and oversight. These groups provide the trustees with regular reports regarding investment, valuation, liquidity, and compliance, as well as the risks associated with each. The trustees also oversee risk management for the funds through regular interactions with the funds’ internal and external auditors.

The full board participates in the funds’ risk oversight, in part, through the Vanguard funds’ compliance program, which covers the following broad areas of compliance: investment and other operations; recordkeeping; valuation and pricing; communications and disclosure; reporting and accounting; oversight of service providers; fund governance; and codes of ethics, insider trading controls, and protection of nonpublic information. The program seeks to identify and assess risk through various methods, including through regular interdisciplinary communications between compliance professionals and business personnel who participate on a daily basis in risk management on behalf of the funds. The funds’ chief compliance officer regularly provides reports to the board in writing and in person.

The Audit and Risk Committee of the board, which is composed of Sarah Bloom Raskin, Peter F. Volanakis, Tara Bunch, and Mark Loughridge, each of whom is an independent trustee, oversees the management of financial risks and controls and enterprise-wide risk management. The Audit and Risk Committee serves as the channel of communication between the independent auditors of the funds and the board with respect to financial statements and financial reporting processes, systems of internal control, and the audit process. The committee also serves as a channel of communication between risk management personnel and the board with respect to enterprise-wide risk management.

B-32

Vanguard’s head of internal audit reports directly to the Audit and Risk Committee. The committee receives reports in writing and in person on a regular basis from Vanguard’s head of internal audit and Vanguard’s chief risk officer. Although the Audit and Risk Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of financial risks and enterprise-wide risk management, the entire board is regularly informed of these risks through the committee’s reports.

All of the trustees bring to each fund’s board a wealth of executive leadership experience derived from their service as executives (in many cases chief executive officers), board members, and leaders of diverse public operating companies, academic institutions, and other organizations. In determining whether an individual is qualified to serve as a trustee of the funds, the board considers a wide variety of information about the trustee, and multiple factors contribute to the board’s decision. Each trustee is determined to have the experience, skills, and attributes necessary to serve the funds and their shareholders because each trustee demonstrates an exceptional ability to consider complex business and financial matters, evaluate the relative importance and priority of issues, make decisions, and contribute effectively to the deliberations of the board. The board also considers the individual experience of each trustee and determines that the trustee’s professional experience, education, and background contribute to the diversity of perspectives on the board. The business acumen, experience, and objective thinking of the trustees are considered invaluable assets for Vanguard management and, ultimately, the Vanguard funds’ shareholders. The specific roles and experience of each board member that factor into this determination are presented on the following pages. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482. 

Name, Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Funds	Vanguard Funds’ Trustee/ Officer Since	Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years, Outside Directorships, and Other Experience	Number of Vanguard Funds Overseen by Trustee/Officer
Interested Trustee1
Salim Ramji (1970)	Chief Executive Officer and President	CEO and President since July 2024; Trustee since February 2025	Chief executive officer and president of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard (2024–present). Chief executive officer and director of Vanguard (2024–present). Global head of iShares and of index investing of BlackRock (2019–2024) and member of iShares fund board (2019–2024). Head of U.S. Wealth Advisory of BlackRock (2015–2019). Member of investment committee of Friends Seminary. Trustee of Graham Windham (child-welfare organization). Member of the international leadership council of the University of Toronto.	215
1 Mr. Ramji is considered an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act because he is an officer of the Funds.
Independent Trustees
Tara Bunch (1962)	Trustee	November 2021	Head of global operations at Airbnb (2020–present). Vice president of AppleCare (2012–2020). Member of the boards of the University of California, Berkeley School of Engineering, and Santa Clara University’s School of Business.	215
Mark Loughridge (1953)	Independent Chair	March 2012	Senior vice president and chief financial officer (retired 2013) of IBM (information technology services). Fiduciary member of IBM’s Retirement Plan Committee (2004–2013), senior vice president and general manager (2002–2004) of IBM Global Financing, and vice president and controller (1998–2002) of IBM. Member of the Council on Chicago Booth.	215
Scott C. Malpass (1962)	Trustee	March 2012	Co-founder and managing partner (2022–present) of Grafton Street Partners (investment advisory firm). Chief investment officer and vice president of the University of Notre Dame (retired 2020). Chair of the board of Catholic Investment Services, Inc. (investment advisor). Member of the board of superintendence of the Institute for the Works of Religion. Member of the board of directors of Paxos Trust Company (finance).	215

B-33

Name, Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Funds	Vanguard Funds’ Trustee/ Officer Since	Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years, Outside Directorships, and Other Experience	Number of Vanguard Funds Overseen by Trustee/Officer
John Murphy (1962)	Trustee	February 2025	President (2022–present), chief financial officer (2019–present), and president of the Asia Pacific group (2016–2018) of The Coca-Cola Company (TCCC). Member of the board of directors of Mexico-based Coca-Cola FEMSA (beverage bottler company); The Coca-Cola Foundation (TCCC’s philanthropic arm); and Engage (innovation and corporate venture platform supporting startups). Member of the board of trustees of the Woodruff Arts Center.	215
Lubos Pastor (1974)	Trustee	January 2024	Charles P. McQuaid Distinguished Service Professor of Finance (2023–present) at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business; Charles P. McQuaid Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business (2009–2023). Managing director (2024–present) of Andersen (professional services) and a member of the Advisory Board of the Andersen Institute for Finance and Economics. President of the European Finance Association. Member of the board of the Fama-Miller Center for Research in Finance. Research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Member of the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) Index Advisory Council and Advisory Board.	215
Rebecca Patterson (1968)	Trustee	February 2025	Chief investment strategist at Bridgewater Associates LP (2020–2023). Chief investment officer at Bessemer Trust (2012–2019). Member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Economic Club of New York. Chair of the Board of Directors of the Council for Economic Education. Member of the Board of the University of Florida Investment Corporation.	215
André F. Perold (1952)	Trustee	December 2004	George Gund Professor of Finance and Banking, Emeritus at the Harvard Business School (retired 2011). Chief investment officer and partner of HighVista Strategies LLC (private investment firm). Board member of RIT Capital Partners (investment firm).	215
Sarah Bloom Raskin (1961)	Trustee	January 2018	Deputy secretary (2014–2017) of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Governor (2010–2014) of the Federal Reserve Board. Commissioner (2007–2010) of financial regulation for the State of Maryland. Colin W. Brown Distinguished Professor of the Practice, Duke Law School (2021–present); Rubenstein fellow, Duke University (2017–2020); distinguished fellow of the Global Financial Markets Center, Duke Law School (2020–2022); and senior fellow, Duke Center on Risk (2020–present). Partner of Kaya Partners (climate policy advisory services).	215
Grant Reid (1959)	Trustee	July 2023	Senior operating partner (2023–present) of CVC Capital (alternative investment manager). Chief executive officer and president (2014–2022) and member of the board of directors (2015–2022) of Mars, Incorporated (multinational manufacturer). Member of the board of directors of Marriott International, Inc. Member of the board of the Sustainable Markets Initiative (environmental services) and chair of the Sustainable Markets Initiative’s Agribusiness Task Force.	215

B-34

Name, Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Funds	Vanguard Funds’ Trustee/ Officer Since	Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years, Outside Directorships, and Other Experience	Number of Vanguard Funds Overseen by Trustee/Officer
David Thomas (1956)	Trustee	July 2021	President of Morehouse College (2018–present). Professor of Business Administration, Emeritus at Harvard University (2017–2018) and dean (2011–2016) and professor of management at Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business (2016–2017). Director of DTE Energy Company. Trustee of Commonfund.	215
Barbara Venneman (1964)	Trustee	February 2025	Global head of Deloitte Digital (retired 2024) and member of the Deloitte Global Consulting Executive Committee (retired 2024) at Deloitte Consulting LLP. Member of the board of Reality Changers (educational nonprofit).	215
Peter F. Volanakis (1955)	Trustee	July 2009	President and chief operating officer (retired 2010) of Corning Incorporated (communications equipment) and director of Corning Incorporated (2000–2010) and Dow Corning (2001–2010). Overseer of the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, Dartmouth College (2001–2013). Member of the BMW Group Mobility Council.	215
Executive Officers
Jacqueline Angell (1974)	Chief Compliance Officer	November 2022	Principal of Vanguard. Chief compliance officer (2022–present) of Vanguard and of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Chief compliance officer (2018–2022) and deputy chief compliance officer (2017–2019) of State Street.	215
Christine Buchanan (1970)	Chief Financial Officer	November 2017	Principal of Vanguard. Chief financial officer (2021–present) and treasurer (2017–2021) of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Partner (2005–2017) at KPMG (audit, tax, and advisory services).	215
Gregory Davis (1970)	Vice President	July 2024	Vice president of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard (2024–present). President (2024–present) and director (2024–present) of Vanguard. Chief investment officer (2017–present) of Vanguard. Principal (2014–present) and head of the Fixed Income Group (2014–2017) of Vanguard. Asia-Pacific chief investment officer (2013–2014) and director of Vanguard Investments Australia, Ltd. (2013–2014). Member of the Treasury Borrowing Advisory Committee of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Member of the investment advisory committee on Financial Markets for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Vice chairman of the board of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.	215
John Galloway (1973)	Investment Stewardship Officer	September 2020	Principal of Vanguard. Investment stewardship officer (2020–present) of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Head of Investor Advocacy (2020–present) and head of Marketing Strategy and Planning (2017–2020) at Vanguard. Special Assistant to the President of the United States (2015).	215
Ashley Grim (1984)	Treasurer	February 2022	Treasurer (2022–present) of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Fund transfer agent controller (2019–2022) and director of Audit Services (2017–2019) at Vanguard. Senior manager (2015–2017) at PriceWaterhouseCoopers (audit and assurance, consulting, and tax services).	215

B-35

Name, Year of Birth	Position(s) Held With Funds	Vanguard Funds’ Trustee/ Officer Since	Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years, Outside Directorships, and Other Experience	Number of Vanguard Funds Overseen by Trustee/Officer
Jodi Miller (1980)	Finance Director	September 2022	Principal of Vanguard. Finance director (2022–present) of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Head of Enterprise Investment Services (2020–present), head of Retail Client Services & Operations (2020–2022), and head of Retail Strategic Support (2018–2020) at Vanguard.	215
Tonya T. Robinson (1970)	Secretary	October 2024	General counsel of Vanguard (2024–present). Secretary (2024–present) of Vanguard and of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Managing director (2024–present) of Vanguard. General counsel (2017–2024) and vice chair for Legal, Regulatory and Compliance (2019–2024) at KPMG LLP. Member of the board of the National Women’s Law Center and the National Women’s Law Center Action Fund. Member of the board of the Ethics Research Center. Member of the board of visitors for the Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy. Member of the Advisory Council for the Diversity Lab. Member of the Pro Bono Institute Corporate Pro Bono Advisory Board.	215
Michael Rollings (1963)	Finance Director	February 2017	Finance director (2017–present) and treasurer (2017) of each of the investment companies served by Vanguard. Managing director (2016–present) of Vanguard. Chief financial officer (2016–present) of Vanguard. Director (2016–present) of Vanguard Marketing Corporation. Executive vice president and chief financial officer (2006–2016) of MassMutual Financial Group.	215

With the exception of Mr. Ramji, all of the trustees are independent. The trustees designate a chair of the board. Mr. Loughridge, an independent trustee, serves as chair. The independent chair is a spokesperson and principal point of contact for the trustees, including the independent trustees, and is responsible for coordinating the activities of the trustees, including calling regular executive sessions of the independent trustees, developing the agenda of each board meeting together with the chief executive officer, and chairing the meetings of the trustees.

Board Committees: The Trust’s board has the following committees:

■ Audit and Risk Committee: This committee oversees the accounting and financial reporting policies, the systems of internal controls, the independent audits of each fund, and enterprise-wide risk management. Ms. Raskin and Mr. Volanakis co-chair the committee. The following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Ms. Bunch and Mr. Loughridge. The committee held five meetings during the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

■ Compensation Committee: This committee oversees the compensation programs established by each fund for the benefit of its trustees. Mr. Reid chairs the committee. The following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Mr. Loughridge, Mr. Murphy, and Ms. Patterson. The committee held three meetings during the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

■ Independent Governance Committee: This committee assists the board in fulfilling its responsibilities and is empowered to exercise board powers in the intervals between board meetings unless such action is prohibited by applicable law or Trust bylaws. Mr. Loughridge chairs the committee. The following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Mr. Pastor, Mr. Perold, Ms. Raskin, and Mr. Volanakis. The committee held eleven meetings during the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

■ Investment Committees: These committees assist the board in its oversight of investment advisors to the funds and in the review and evaluation of materials relating to the board’s consideration of investment advisory agreements with the funds. Mr. Pastor and Mr. Malpass each chair one of the committees. Each trustee serves on one of two investment committees. Each investment committee held two meetings during the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

■ Nominating Committee: This committee nominates candidates for election to the board of trustees of each fund. The committee also has the authority to recommend the removal of any trustee. Ms. Bunch chairs the committee. The

B-36

following independent trustees serve as members of the committee: Mr. Loughridge, Mr. Malpass, Dr. Thomas, and Ms. Venneman. The committee held three meetings during the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

The Nominating Committee will consider shareholder recommendations for trustee nominees. Shareholders may send recommendations to Ms. Bunch, chair of the committee.

Trustees retire in accordance with the funds’ governing documents and policies, and typically by age 75.

Trustee Compensation

The same individuals serve as trustees of all Vanguard funds and each fund pays a proportionate share of the trustees’ compensation. Vanguard funds also employ their officers on a shared basis; however, officers are compensated by Vanguard, not the funds.

Independent Trustees. The funds compensate their independent trustees (i.e., the ones who are not also officers of the funds) in two ways:

■ The independent trustees receive an annual fee for their service to the funds, which is subject to reduction based on absences from scheduled board meetings.

■ The independent trustees are reimbursed for the travel and other expenses that they incur in attending board meetings.

“Interested” Trustee. Mr. Ramji serves as a trustee, but is not compensated in this capacity. He is, however, compensated in his role as an officer of Vanguard.

Compensation Table. The following table provides compensation details for each of the trustees. We list the amounts paid as compensation by the Funds for each trustee. In addition, the table shows the total amount of compensation paid to each trustee by all Vanguard funds.

B-37

VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS
TRUSTEES’ COMPENSATION TABLE 

Trustee	Aggregate Compensation From the Funds1	Total Compensation From All Vanguard Funds Paid to Trustees2
Salim Ramji3	—	—
Tara Bunch	$14,661	$380,000
Emerson U. Fullwood4	14,661	380,000
F. Joseph Loughrey5	15,046	390,000
Mark Loughridge	17,360	525,000
Scott C. Malpass	14,661	380,000
Deanna Mulligan6	7,041	121,667
John Murphy7	—	—
Lubos Pastor8	14,082	365,000
Rebecca Patterson9	—	—
André F. Perold	14,082	365,000
Sarah Bloom Raskin	15,046	390,000
Grant Reid	14,082	365,000
David Thomas	14,082	365,000
Barbara Venneman10	—	—
Peter F. Volanakis	15,046	390,000

1

The amounts shown in this column are based on the Trust’s fiscal year ended October 31, 2024. Each Fund within the Trust is responsible for a proportionate share of these amounts.

2

The amounts reported in this column reflect the total compensation paid to each trustee for his or her service as trustee of 212 Vanguard funds for the 2024 calendar year and include any amount a trustee has elected to defer. During the 2024 calendar year, the following trustees elected to defer all or a portion of their compensation as follows: Ms. Bunch, $380,000; Mr. Perold, $365,000; Ms. Raskin, $195,000; Mr. Reid, $365,000; and Dr. Thomas, $182,500.

3

Mr. Ramji became a member of the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

4

Mr. Fullwood retired from the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

5

Mr. Loughrey retired from the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

6

Ms. Mulligan resigned from the Funds’ board effective May 3, 2024.

7

Mr. Murphy became a member of the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

8

Mr. Pastor became a member of the Funds’ board effective January 1, 2024.

9

Ms. Patterson became a member of the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

10

Ms. Venneman became a member of the Funds’ board effective February 26, 2025.

Ownership of Fund Shares

All trustees allocate their investments among the various Vanguard funds based on their own investment needs. The following table shows each trustee’s ownership of shares of each Fund and of all Vanguard funds served by the trustee as of December 31, 2024.

B-38

VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS 

Vanguard Fund	Trustee	Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned by Trustee	Aggregate Dollar Range of Vanguard Fund Shares Owned by Trustee
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	Tara Bunch	$50,001 – $100,000	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	$50,001 – $100,000	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	$50,001 – $100,000	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	Tara Bunch	—	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	—	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	—	Over $100,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	Tara Bunch	—	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	—	Over $100,000

B-39

Vanguard Fund	Trustee	Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned by Trustee	Aggregate Dollar Range of Vanguard Fund Shares Owned by Trustee
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	Tara Bunch	—	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	—	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	—	Over $100,000
Vanguard Global ex-US Real Estate Index Fund	Tara Bunch	—	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	—	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	—	Over $100,000
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	Tara Bunch	—	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	—	Over $100,000

B-40

Vanguard Fund	Trustee	Dollar Range of Fund Shares Owned by Trustee	Aggregate Dollar Range of Vanguard Fund Shares Owned by Trustee
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	Tara Bunch	Over $100,000	Over $100,000
	Mark Loughridge	—	Over $100,000
	Scott C. Malpass	—	Over $100,000
	John Murphy	—	Over $100,000
	Lubos Pastor	—	Over $100,000
	Rebecca Patterson	—	Over $100,000
	André F. Perold	—	Over $100,000
	Salim Ramji	—	Over $100,000
	Sarah Bloom Raskin	—	Over $100,000
	Grant Reid	—	Over $100,000
	David Thomas	—	Over $100,000
	Barbara Venneman	—	Over $100,000
	Peter F. Volanakis	Over $100,000	Over $100,000

As of January 31, 2025, the trustees and officers of the funds owned, in the aggregate, less than 1% of each class of each fund’s outstanding shares.

As of January 31, 2025, the following owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding shares of each class (Other than ETF Shares): 

Vanguard Fund	Share Class	Owner and Address	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard Emerging Markets Index Fund	Institutional Plus Shares	TIAA Trust, N.A., Retirement Plans Recordkept By TIAA, Charlotte, NC	27.73%
		The Bank of New York Mellon, FBO MAC & Co, Pittsburgh, PA	13.19%
		Google LLC 401(K) Savings Plan, Mountain View, CA	9.00%
		Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	5.89%
		The Northern Trust Company, FBO Accenture United States 401(K) Match And Savings Plan, Chicago, IL	5.00%

B-41

Vanguard Fund	Share Class	Owner and Address	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	11.29%
		State Street Bank and Trust Company, FBO Guideline Technologies 401K, Overland Park, KS	8.22%
		National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	6.54%
	Institutional Shares	National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	20.17%
		TIAA Trust, N.A., Retirement Plans Recordkept By TIAA, Charlotte, NC	11.81%
		Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	9.78%
		Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company Inc., Covington, KY	7.29%
	Investor Shares	Ascensus Trust Company, Vanguard House Account Frontier Pro, Fargo, ND	45.48%
		Georgetown University Retirement Plan, Washington, DC	8.68%
		BrightSphere Inc. Profit Sharing and 401(K) Plan, Boston, MA	5.90%
		Cleveland Brothers Retirement Plan, Harrisburg, PA	5.48%
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	10.21%
		National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	5.02%
	Institutional Shares	National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	35.52%
		Vanguard Charitable Program European Stock Pool, Valley Forge, PA	6.67%
	Investor Shares	SLMA Retirement Savings Plan, Oakbrook Terrace, IL	9.58%
		BrightSphere Inc. Profit Sharing and 401(K) Plan, Boston, MA	9.57%
		University of Minnesota Optional Retirement Plan, Minneapolis, MN	9.36%
		Ascensus Trust Company, Vanguard House Account Frontier Pro, Fargo, ND	7.59%
		Memorial Health Services 403(B)(7) Tax Sheltered Annuity Plan, Fountain Valley, CA	7.50%
		Shartsis Friese LLP Profit Sharing/401(K) Plan, San Francisco, CA	6.73%
		QRM 401(K) Retirement Savings Plan, Chicago, IL	6.72%
		Intercity Transit Employees’ Retirement Plan and Trust, Olympia, WA	5.01%
	Institutional Plus Shares	Arthur L. Williams Jr., Palm Beach, FL	81.24%
		Angela H. Williams, Duluth, GA	18.76%

B-42

Vanguard Fund	Share Class	Owner and Address	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	10.65%
		National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	6.53%
		Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund - Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio, Valley Forge, PA	5.44%
	Institutional Shares	Fidelity Investments Institutional Operations Company Inc., Covington, KY	9.46%
		National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	9.02%
		John Hancock Trust Company LLC, Boston, MA	5.00%
	Institutional Plus Shares	National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	33.32%
		Driscoll Childrens Hospital, Corpus Christi, TX	16.22%
		Toyota Motors, Toyota Motors Insurance Services Inc., Plano, TX	7.34%
		Driscoll Childrens Hospital, Driscoll Endowment Fund, Corpus Christi, TX	5.24%
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	15.30%
	Institutional Shares	National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	51.97%
		Northshore University Healthsystem, Evanston, IL	11.03%
		Pershing LLC, Jersey City, NJ	10.01%
		Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	7.06%
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	5.78%
	Institutional Shares	Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission Employees Retirement Plan, Laurel, MD	100.00%
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	6.84%
		Vanguard Variable Insurance Fund - Total International Stock Market Index Portfolio, Valley Forge, PA	5.58%
	Institutional Shares	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., San Francisco, CA	29.68%
		Vanguard Charitable Program Pacific Stock Pool, Valley Forge, PA	9.27%
	Investor Shares	Shartsis Friese LLP Profit Sharing/401(K) Plan, San Francisco, CA	18.20%
		BrightSphere Inc. Profit Sharing and 401(K) Plan, Boston, MA	11.71%
		QRM 401(K) Retirement Savings Plan, Chicago, IL	11.55%
		Ascensus Trust Company, Vanguard House Account Frontier Pro, Fargo, ND	11.37%
		Intercity Transit Employees’ Retirement Plan and Trust, Olympia, WA	6.89%
		University of Minnesota Optional Retirement Plan, Minneapolis, MN	5.76%

B-43

Vanguard Fund	Share Class	Owner and Address	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	Admiral Shares	Ascensus Trust Company, Omnibus Reinvest, Fargo, ND	7.89%
		National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	7.77%
	Institutional Shares	National Financial Services LLC, Jersey City, NJ	20.42%
		US Bank, N.A., FBO Capinco, Milwaukee, WI	8.63%
		TIAA Trust, N.A., Retirement Plans Recordkept By TIAA, Charlotte, NC	5.83%

Although the Funds do not have information concerning the beneficial ownership of shares held in the names of Depository Trust Company (DTC) participants, as of January 31, 2025, the name and percentage ownership of each DTC participant that owned of record 5% or more of the outstanding ETF Shares of the Fund were as follows: 

Vanguard Fund	Owner	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	20.26%
	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	20.08%
	National Financial Services LLC	9.34%
	Morgan Stanley DW Inc.	6.21%
	Comp Trust	5.77%
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap ETF	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	33.14%
	National Financial Services LLC	12.33%
	Pershing LLC	11.51%
	Edward D. Jones & Co.	8.28%
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	7.55%
Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	18.13%
	National Financial Services LLC	10.19%
	Pershing LLC	7.46%
	The Northern Trust Company	6.33%
Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	15.16%
	National Financial Services LLC	10.83%
	State Street Bank and Trust Company	9.23%
	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.	8.89%
	Morgan Stanley DW Inc.	7.29%
	J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp.	5.73%
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	5.16%
	The Bank of New York Mellon	5.08%
Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF	National Financial Services LLC	16.78%
	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	16.10%
	Citibank, N.A.	14.58%
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	6.51%
	Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc.	6.50%
	Morgan Stanley DW Inc.	6.39%
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate ETF	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	28.61%
	Pershing LLC	22.39%
	National Financial Services LLC	12.36%
	JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.	9.78%
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	6.01%

B-44

Vanguard Fund	Owner	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard Total World Stock ETF	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	15.37%
	National Financial Services LLC	11.21%
	Vanguard Marketing Corporation	7.47%
	Interactive Broker, LLC	7.00%

A shareholder who owns more than 25% of a Fund’s voting shares may be considered a controlling person. As of January 31, 2025, the following held of record 25% or more of the voting shares: 

Vanguard Fund	Owner	Percentage of Ownership
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	27.07%
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.	26.18%

Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures

Introduction

Vanguard and the boards of trustees of the Vanguard funds (the Boards) have adopted Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policies and Procedures (Policies and Procedures) to govern the disclosure of the portfolio holdings of each Vanguard fund. Vanguard and the Boards considered each of the circumstances under which Vanguard fund portfolio holdings may be disclosed to different categories of persons under the Policies and Procedures. Vanguard and the Boards also considered actual and potential material conflicts that could arise in such circumstances between the interests of Vanguard fund shareholders, on the one hand, and those of the fund’s investment advisor, sub-advisor, distributor, or any affiliated person of the fund, its investment advisor, sub-advisor, or its distributor, on the other. After giving due consideration to such matters and after the exercise of their fiduciary duties and reasonable business judgment, Vanguard and the Boards determined that the Vanguard funds have a legitimate business purpose for disclosing portfolio holdings to the persons described in each of the circumstances set forth in the Policies and Procedures and that the Policies and Procedures are reasonably designed to ensure that disclosure of portfolio holdings and information about portfolio holdings is in the best interests of fund shareholders and appropriately addresses the potential for material conflicts of interest.

The Boards exercise continuing oversight of the disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings by (1) overseeing the implementation and enforcement of the Policies and Procedures, the Code of Ethical Conduct, and the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information (collectively, the portfolio holdings governing policies) by the chief compliance officer of Vanguard and the Vanguard funds; (2) considering reports and recommendations by the chief compliance officer concerning any material compliance matters (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) that may arise in connection with any portfolio holdings governing policies; and (3) considering whether to approve or ratify any amendment to any portfolio holdings governing policies.

Vanguard and the Boards reserve the right to amend the Policies and Procedures at any time and from time to time without prior notice at their sole discretion. For purposes of the Policies and Procedures, the term “portfolio holdings” means the equity and debt securities (e.g., stocks and bonds) held by a Vanguard fund and does not mean the cash equivalent investments, derivatives, and other investment positions (collectively, other investment positions) held by the fund.

Online Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings

Actively managed equity funds, unless otherwise stated, generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent calendar quarter online at vanguard.com, 30 calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter. Actively managed fixed income funds will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month online at vanguard.com, 15 calendar days after the end of the month. Each Vanguard fund relying on Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at vanguard.com. In accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, each of the Vanguard money

B-45

market funds will disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the last business day of the prior month online at vanguard.com no later than the fifth business day of the current month. The complete portfolio holdings information for money market funds will remain available online for at least six months after the initial posting. Each Vanguard index fund, other than those Vanguard index funds relying on Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act, generally will seek to disclose the fund’s complete portfolio holdings as of the end of the most recent month online at vanguard.com, 15 calendar days after the end of the month.

Online disclosure of complete portfolio holdings is made to all categories of persons, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third-party service providers, rating and ranking organizations, affiliated persons of a Vanguard fund, and all other persons. Vanguard will review complete portfolio holdings before disclosure is made and, except with respect to the complete portfolio holdings of the Vanguard money market funds, may withhold any portion of the fund’s complete portfolio holdings from disclosure when deemed to be in the best interests of the fund after consultation with a Vanguard fund’s investment advisor.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Service Providers Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard, for legitimate business purposes, may disclose Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings at times it deems necessary and appropriate to rating and ranking organizations; financial printers; proxy voting service providers; pricing information vendors; issuers of guaranteed investment contracts for stable value portfolios; third parties that deliver analytical, statistical, or consulting services; and other third parties that provide services (collectively, Service Providers) to Vanguard, Vanguard subsidiaries, and/or the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider is conditioned on the Service Provider being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed to a Service Provider, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the Service Provider, is determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to a Service Provider varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings by Vanguard to a Service Provider must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department or Office of the General Counsel. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to a Service Provider as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash equivalent investments and derivatives.

Currently, Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings are disclosed to the following Service Providers as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Abel/Noser Corporation; Advisor Software, Inc.; Alcom Printing Group Inc.; Apple Press, L.C.; Bloomberg L.P.; Brilliant Graphics, Inc.; Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc.; Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.; Canon Business Process Services; Charles River Systems, Inc.; Confluence Technology Inc.; Eagle Investments; Equilend; FactSet Research Systems Inc.; Gresham Technologies, Plc.; Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc.; Intellicor, LLC; Investment Technology Group, Inc.; Lipper, Inc.; Markit WSO Corporation; McMunn Associates Inc.; Morningstar, Inc.; Phoenix Lithographing Corporation; Pirium Systems Inc.; Reuters America Inc.; R.R. Donnelley, Inc.; Schvey, Inc. d/b/a Axoni; State Street Bank and Trust Company; Stonewain Systems Inc.; and Trade Informatics LLC.

Disclosure of Complete Portfolio Holdings to Vanguard Affiliates and Certain Fiduciaries Subject to Confidentiality and Trading Restrictions

Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among the following persons (collectively, Affiliates and Fiduciaries) for legitimate business purposes within the scope of their official duties and responsibilities, subject to such persons’ continuing legal duty of confidentiality and legal duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information, as such duties are imposed under the Code of Ethical Conduct, the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information, by agreement, or under applicable laws, rules, and regulations: (1) persons who are subject to the Code of Ethical Conduct or the Policies and Procedures Designed to Prevent the Misuse of Inside Information; (2) an investment advisor, sub-advisor, distributor, administrator, transfer agent, or custodian to a Vanguard fund; (3) an accounting firm, an auditing firm, or outside legal counsel retained by Vanguard, a

B-46

Vanguard subsidiary, or a Vanguard fund; (4) an investment advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed for due diligence purposes when the advisor is in merger or acquisition talks with a Vanguard fund’s current advisor; and (5) a newly hired investment advisor or sub-advisor to whom complete portfolio holdings are disclosed prior to the time it commences its duties.

The frequency with which complete portfolio holdings may be disclosed between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed between and among the Affiliates and Fiduciaries, is determined by such Affiliates and Fiduciaries based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure between and among Affiliates and Fiduciaries varies and may be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Any disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings to any Affiliates and Fiduciaries as previously described may also include a list of the other investment positions that make up the fund, such as cash equivalent investments and derivatives. Disclosure of Vanguard fund complete portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund to Affiliates and Fiduciaries must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Currently, Vanguard discloses complete portfolio holdings to the following Affiliates and Fiduciaries as part of ongoing arrangements that serve legitimate business purposes: Vanguard and each investment advisor, sub-advisor, custodian, and independent registered public accounting firm identified in each fund’s Statement of Additional Information.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings to Trading Counterparties in the Normal Course of Managing a Fund’s Assets

An investment advisor, sub-advisor, administrator, or custodian for a Vanguard fund may, for legitimate business purposes within the scope of its official duties and responsibilities, disclose portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up the fund to any trading counterparty, including one or more broker-dealers or banks, during the course of, or in connection with, normal day-to-day securities and derivatives transactions with or through such trading counterparties subject to the counterparty’s legal obligation not to use or disclose material nonpublic information concerning the fund’s portfolio holdings, other investment positions, securities transactions, or derivatives transactions without the consent of the fund or its agents. The Vanguard funds have not given their consent to any such use or disclosure and no person or agent of Vanguard is authorized to give such consent except as approved in writing by the Boards of the Vanguard funds. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard to trading counterparties must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

In addition to the disclosures described below to Authorized Participants, a Vanguard fund investment advisor or administrator may also disclose portfolio holdings information to other current or prospective fund shareholders in connection with the dissemination of information necessary for transactions in Creation Units (as defined below) or other large transactions with a Vanguard fund. Such shareholders are typically Authorized Participants or other financial institutions that have been authorized by VMC to purchase and redeem large blocks of shares, but may also include market makers and other institutional market participants and entities to whom a Vanguard fund advisor or administrator may provide information in connection with transactions in a Vanguard fund.

Disclosure of Nonmaterial Information

The Policies and Procedures permit Vanguard fund officers, Vanguard fund portfolio managers, and other Vanguard representatives (collectively, Approved Vanguard Representatives) to disclose any views, opinions, judgments, advice, or commentary, or any analytical, statistical, performance, or other information, in connection with or relating to a Vanguard fund or its portfolio holdings and/or other investment positions (collectively, commentary and analysis) or any changes in the portfolio holdings of a Vanguard fund that occurred after the end of the most recent calendar quarter (recent portfolio changes) to any person if (1) such disclosure serves a legitimate business purpose, (2) such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio holdings of any Vanguard fund (which can be disclosed only in accordance with the Policies and Procedures), and (3) such information does not constitute material nonpublic information. Disclosure of commentary and analysis or recent portfolio changes by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

An Approved Vanguard Representative must make a good faith determination whether the information constitutes material nonpublic information, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. Vanguard believes that in most cases recent portfolio changes that involve a few or even several securities in a diversified portfolio

B-47

or commentary and analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making an investment decision concerning a Vanguard fund. Nonexclusive examples of commentary and analysis about a Vanguard fund include (1) the allocation of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries; (2) the characteristics of the stock and bond components of the fund’s portfolio holdings and other investment positions; (3) the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry, and country; and (4) the volatility characteristics of the fund. Approved Vanguard Representatives may, at their sole discretion, deny any request for information made by any person, and may do so for any reason or for no reason. Approved Vanguard Representatives include, for purposes of the Policies and Procedures, persons employed by or associated with Vanguard or a subsidiary of Vanguard who have been authorized by Vanguard’s Portfolio Review Department to disclose recent portfolio changes and/or commentary and analysis in accordance with the Policies and Procedures.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings, Including Other Investment Positions, in Accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Exemptive Orders and Rule 6c-11

Vanguard’s Fund Services and Oversight unit may disclose to the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), Authorized Participants, and other market makers the daily portfolio composition files (PCFs) that identify a basket of specified securities that may overlap with the actual or expected portfolio holdings of the Vanguard funds that offer a class of shares known as Vanguard ETF Shares (ETF Funds). Each Vanguard fund relying on Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act generally will seek to disclose complete portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, at the beginning of each business day. These portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be disclosed online at vanguard.com. The disclosure of PCFs and portfolio holdings, including other investment positions, will be in accordance with the terms and conditions of related exemptive orders (Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders) issued by the SEC or Rule 6c-11 under the 1940 Act, as described in this section. In addition to disclosing PCFs to the NSCC, as previously described, Vanguard’s Fund Services and Oversight unit will generally disclose the PCF for any ETF Fund online at vanguard.com.

Unlike the conventional classes of shares issued by ETF Funds, the ETF Shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange. Each ETF Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as “Creation Units.” To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, an investor must be an “Authorized Participant” or the investor must purchase or redeem through a broker-dealer that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a “Participant Agreement” with VMC. Each ETF Fund issues Creation Units in exchange for a “portfolio deposit” consisting of a basket of specified securities (Deposit Securities) and a cash payment (Balancing Amount). Each ETF Fund also generally redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of specified securities together with a Balancing Amount.

In connection with the creation and redemption process, and in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Vanguard ETF Exemptive Orders and Rule 6c-11, Vanguard makes available to the NSCC (a clearing agency registered with the SEC and affiliated with the DTC), for dissemination to NSCC participants on each business day prior to the opening of trading on the listing exchange, a PCF containing a list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security for each ETF Fund. In addition, the listing exchange disseminates (1) continuously throughout the trading day, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, the market value of an ETF Share; and (2) every 15 seconds throughout the trading day, a calculation of the estimated NAV of an ETF Share (expected to be accurate to within a few basis points). Comparing these two figures allows an investor to determine whether, and to what extent, ETF Shares are selling at a premium or at a discount to NAV. ETF Shares are listed on the exchange and traded on the secondary market in the same manner as other equity securities. The price of ETF Shares trading on the secondary market is based on a current bid/offer market.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings Related Information to the Issuer of a Security for Legitimate Business Purposes

Vanguard, at its sole discretion, may disclose portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security if the issuer presents, to the satisfaction of Vanguard’s Fund Services and Oversight unit, convincing evidence that the issuer has a legitimate business purpose for such information. Disclosure of this information to an issuer is conditioned on the issuer being subject to a written agreement imposing a duty of confidentiality, including a duty not to trade on the basis of any material nonpublic information. The frequency with which portfolio holdings information concerning a security may be disclosed to the issuer of such security, and the length of the lag, if any, between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed to the issuer, is

B-48

determined based on the facts and circumstances, including, without limitation, the nature of the portfolio holdings information to be disclosed, the risk of harm to the funds and their shareholders, and the legitimate business purposes served by such disclosure. The frequency of disclosure to an issuer cannot be determined in advance of a specific request and will vary based upon the particular facts and circumstances and the legitimate business purposes, but in unusual situations could be as frequent as daily, with no lag. Disclosure of portfolio holdings information concerning a security held by one or more Vanguard funds to the issuer of such security must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal in Vanguard’s Equity Investment Group, Portfolio Review Department, or Office of the General Counsel.

Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings as Required by Applicable Law

Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (whether partial portfolio holdings or complete portfolio holdings) and other investment positions that make up a fund shall be disclosed to any person as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations. Examples of such required disclosure include, but are not limited to, disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings (1) in a filing or submission with the SEC or another regulatory body, (2) in connection with seeking recovery on defaulted bonds in a federal bankruptcy case, (3) in connection with a lawsuit, or (4) as required by court order. Disclosure of portfolio holdings or other investment positions by Vanguard, VMC, or a Vanguard fund as required by applicable laws, rules, and regulations must be authorized by a Vanguard fund officer or a Principal of Vanguard.

Prohibitions on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings

No person is authorized to disclose Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions (whether online at vanguard.com, in writing, by fax, by email, orally, or by other means) except in accordance with the Policies and Procedures. In addition, no person is authorized to make disclosure pursuant to the Policies and Procedures if such disclosure is otherwise unlawful under the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws (as defined in Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act). Furthermore, Vanguard’s management, at its sole discretion, may determine not to disclose portfolio holdings or other investment positions that make up a Vanguard fund to any person who would otherwise be eligible to receive such information under the Policies and Procedures, or may determine to make such disclosures publicly as provided by the Policies and Procedures.

Prohibitions on Receipt of Compensation or Other Consideration

The Policies and Procedures prohibit a Vanguard fund, its investment advisor, and any other person or entity from paying or receiving any compensation or other consideration of any type for the purpose of obtaining disclosure of Vanguard fund portfolio holdings or other investment positions. “Consideration” includes any agreement to maintain assets in the fund or in other investment companies or accounts managed by the investment advisor or sub-advisor or by any affiliated person of the investment advisor or sub-advisor.

B-49

Investment Advisory and Other Services

The Funds receive all investment advisory services from Vanguard, through its Equity Index Group. These services are provided by an experienced investment advisory staff employed directly by Vanguard. The compensation and other expenses of the advisory staff are allocated among the funds utilizing these services.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Funds incurred the following approximate advisory expenses: 

Vanguard Fund	2022	2023	2024
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	$1,447,000	$1,586,000	$1,444,000
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	876,000	612,000	572,000
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	2,374,000	3,326,000	4,101,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund	2,185,000	3,427,000	3,135,000
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	1,597,000	2,502,000	2,710,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund	1,032,000	701,000	606,000
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	516,000	284,000	225,000

1. Other Accounts Managed

The following table provides information relating to the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers of the Funds as of the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024 (unless otherwise noted): 

Portfolio Manager		No. of accounts	Total assets	No. of accounts with performance-based fees	Total assets in accounts with performance-based fees
Nicole Brubaker1	Registered investment companies3	0	$0	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	0	$0	0	$0
John Kraynak2	Registered investment companies3	0	$0	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	0	$0	0	$0
Christine D. Franquin	Registered investment companies4	6	$776.9B	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	0	$0	0	$0
Scott E. Geiger	Registered investment companies5	5	$92.5B	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	0	$0	0	$0
Jeffrey D. Miller	Registered investment companies6	4	$190.4B	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	0	$0	0	$0
Michael Perre	Registered investment companies7	8	$792.3B	0	$0
	Other pooled investment vehicles	0	$0	0	$0
	Other accounts	23	$65.1B	0	$0

1

Ms. Brubaker began co-managing Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund and Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund on February 18, 2025.

2

Mr. Kraynak began co-managing Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund on February 18, 2025.

3

Information provided as of December 31, 2024.

4

Includes Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund, Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, which collectively held assets of $134 billion as of October 31, 2024.

5

Includes Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund, Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund, and Vanguard European Stock Index Fund, which collectively held assets of $80.9 billion as of October 31, 2024.

6

Includes Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund, Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, which collectively held assets of $190.4 billion as of October 31, 2024.

7

Includes Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund, Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund, Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, and Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund, which collectively held assets of $137.4 billion as of October 31, 2024.

B-50

2. Material Conflicts of Interest

At Vanguard, individual portfolio managers may manage multiple accounts for multiple clients. In addition to mutual funds, these accounts may include separate accounts, collective trusts, and offshore funds. Managing multiple funds or accounts may give rise to potential conflicts of interest including, for example, conflicts among investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities. Vanguard manages potential conflicts between funds or accounts through allocation policies and procedures, internal review processes, and oversight by trustees and independent third parties. Vanguard has developed trade allocation procedures and controls to ensure that no one client, regardless of type, is intentionally favored at the expense of another. Allocation policies are designed to address potential conflicts in situations in which two or more funds or accounts participate in investment decisions involving the same securities.

3. Description of Compensation

All Vanguard portfolio managers are Vanguard employees. This section describes the compensation of the Vanguard employees who manage Vanguard mutual funds. As of October 31, 2024, a Vanguard portfolio manager’s compensation generally consists of base salary, bonus, and payments under Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation program. In addition, portfolio managers are eligible for the standard retirement benefits and health and welfare benefits available to all Vanguard employees. Also, certain portfolio managers may be eligible for additional retirement benefits under several supplemental retirement plans that Vanguard adopted in the 1980s to restore dollar-for-dollar the benefits of management employees that had been cut back solely as a result of tax law changes. These plans are structured to provide the same retirement benefits as the standard retirement plans.

In the case of portfolio managers responsible for managing multiple Vanguard funds or accounts, the method used to determine their compensation is the same for all funds and investment accounts. A portfolio manager’s base salary is determined by the manager’s experience and performance in the role, taking into account the ongoing compensation benchmark analyses performed by Vanguard’s Human Resources Department. A portfolio manager’s base salary is generally a fixed amount that may change as a result of an annual review, upon assumption of new duties, or when a market adjustment of the position occurs.

A portfolio manager’s bonus is determined by a number of factors. One factor is gross, pre-tax performance of a fund relative to expectations for how the fund should have performed, given the fund’s investment objective, policies, strategies, and limitations, and the market environment during the measurement period. This performance factor is not based on the amount of assets held in any individual fund’s portfolio. For each Fund, the performance factor depends on how closely the portfolio manager tracks the Fund’s benchmark index over a one-year period. Additional factors include the portfolio manager’s contributions to the investment management functions within the sub-asset class, contributions to the development of other investment professionals and supporting staff, and overall contributions to strategic planning and decisions for the investment group. The target bonus is expressed as a percentage of base salary. The actual bonus paid may be more or less than the target bonus, based on how well the manager satisfies the objectives previously described. The bonus is paid on an annual basis.

Under the long-term incentive compensation program, all full-time employees receive a payment from Vanguard’s long-term incentive compensation plan based on their years of service, job level, and, if applicable, management responsibilities. Each year, Vanguard’s independent directors determine the amount of the long-term incentive compensation award for that year based on the investment performance of the Vanguard funds relative to competitors and Vanguard’s operating efficiencies in providing services to the Vanguard funds.

4. Ownership of Securities

As of October 31, 2024, Mr. Miller owned shares of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund within the $10,001–$50,000 range and Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund within the $10,001-$50,000 range; Mr. Geiger owned shares of Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund within the $50,001–$100,000 range; and Mr. Perre owned shares of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund within the $100,001–$500,000 range. As of October 31, 2024, Ms. Franquin did not own any shares of the Funds she manages.
 
As of December 31, 2024, Mr. Kraynak owned shares of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund in the $1-$10,000 range. He did not own shares of the other Funds he now co-manages. Also as of December 31, 2024, Ms. Brubaker did not own any shares of the Funds she now co-manages.

B-51

Duration and Termination of Investment Advisory Agreement

Vanguard provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the terms of the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement. This agreement will continue in full force and effect until terminated or amended by mutual agreement of the Vanguard funds and Vanguard.

Securities Lending

The following table describes the securities lending activities of each Fund during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024: 

Vanguard Fund	Securities Lending Activities
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$92,216,670
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$2,642,630
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$73,755
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$535,830
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$41,264,889
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$44,517,104
Net income from securities lending activities	$47,699,566
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$5,985,399
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$142,826
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$4,299
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$19,348
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$3,239,016
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$3,405,489
Net income from securities lending activities	$2,579,910
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$31,185,600
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$335,647
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$25,969
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$291,774
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$18,548,270
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$19,201,660
Net income from securities lending activities	$11,983,940
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Small-Cap Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$28,668,898
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$1,013,782
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$21,086
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$10,723
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$13,292,681
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$14,338,272

B-52

Vanguard Fund	Securities Lending Activities
Net income from securities lending activities	$14,330,626
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$6,167,721
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$195,762
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$3,919
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$15,903
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$2,571,075
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$2,786,659
Net income from securities lending activities	$3,381,062
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$7,163,437
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$177,758
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$5,764
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$16,100
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$3,944,150
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$4,143,772
Net income from securities lending activities	$3,019,665
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund
Gross income from securities lending activities	$14,679,531
Fees paid to securities lending agent from a revenue split	$366,595
Fees paid for any cash collateral management service (including fees deducted from a pooled cash collateral reinvestment vehicle) that are not included in the revenue split	$10,555
Administrative fees not included in revenue split	$64,049
Indemnification fee not included in revenue split	$0
Rebate (paid to borrower)	$7,445,125
Other fees not included in revenue split (specify)	$0
Aggregate fees/compensation for securities lending activities	$7,886,324
Net income from securities lending activities	$6,793,207

The services provided by Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. and Vanguard, each acting separately as securities lending agents for certain Vanguard funds, include coordinating the selection of securities to be loaned to approved borrowers; negotiating the terms of the loan; monitoring the value of the securities loaned and corresponding collateral, marking to market daily; coordinating the investment of cash collateral in the funds’ approved cash collateral reinvestment vehicle; monitoring dividends and coordinating material proxy votes relating to loaned securities; and transferring, recalling, and arranging the return of loaned securities to the funds upon termination of the loan.

Portfolio Transactions

The advisor decides which securities to buy and sell on behalf of a Fund and then selects the brokers or dealers that will execute the trades on an agency basis or the dealers with whom the trades will be effected on a principal basis. For each trade, the advisor must select a broker-dealer that it believes will provide “best execution.” Best execution does not necessarily mean paying the lowest spread or commission rate available. In seeking best execution, the SEC has said that an advisor should consider the full range of a broker-dealer’s services. The factors considered by the advisor in seeking best execution include, but are not limited to, the broker-dealer’s execution capability, clearance and settlement services, commission rate, trading expertise, willingness and ability to commit capital, ability to provide anonymity, financial responsibility, reputation and integrity, responsiveness, access to underwritten offerings and secondary markets, and access to company management, as well as the value of any research provided by the broker-dealer. In assessing which broker-dealer can provide best execution for a particular trade, the advisor also may consider the

B-53

timing and size of the order and available liquidity and current market conditions. Subject to applicable legal requirements, the advisor may select a broker based partly on brokerage or research services provided to the advisor and its clients, including the Funds. The advisor may cause a Fund to pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if the advisor determines in good faith that the amount of the commission is reasonable in relation to the value of services provided. The advisor also may receive brokerage or research services from broker-dealers that are provided at no charge in recognition of the volume of trades directed to the broker. To the extent research services or products may be a factor in selecting brokers, services and products may include written research reports analyzing performance or securities, discussions with research analysts, meetings with corporate executives to obtain oral reports on company performance, market data, and other products and services that will assist the advisor in its investment decision-making process. The research services provided by brokers through which a Fund effects securities transactions may be used by the advisor in servicing all of its accounts, and some of the services may not be used by the advisor in connection with the Fund.

During the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Funds paid the following approximate amounts in brokerage commissions. Brokerage commissions paid by a fund may be substantially different from year to year for multiple reasons, such as overall fund performance, market volatility, trading volumes, cash flows, or changes to the securities that make up the Fund or a fund’s target index. 

Vanguard Fund	2022	2023	2024
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	$9,094,000	$5,043,000	$6,448,000
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	413,000	319,000	303,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Index Fund	1,899,000	1,102,000	1,507,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Small-Cap Index Fund	935,000	777,000	998,000
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	324,000	177,000	226,000
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	236,000	156,000	179,000
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	941,000	781,000	814,000

Some securities that are considered for investment by a Fund may also be appropriate for other Vanguard funds or for other clients served by the advisors. If such securities are compatible with the investment policies of a Fund and one or more of the advisor’s other clients, and are considered for purchase or sale at or about the same time, then transactions in such securities may be aggregated by the advisor, and the purchased securities or sale proceeds may be allocated among the participating Vanguard funds and the other participating clients of the advisor in a manner deemed equitable by the advisor. Although there may be no specified formula for allocating such transactions, the allocation methods used, and the results of such allocations, will be subject to periodic review by the Funds’ board of trustees.

As of October 31, 2024, each Fund held securities of its “regular brokers or dealers,” as that term is defined in Rule 10b-1 of the 1940 Act, as follows: 

Vanguard Fund	Regular Broker or Dealer (or Parent)	Aggregate Holdings
Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund	—	—
Vanguard European Stock Index Fund	Barclays Capital, Inc.	$90,414,000
	BNP PARIBAS	137,091,000
	UBS Securities LLC	196,698,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Index Fund	BNP PARIBAS	136,061,000
	UBS Securities LLC	195,281,000
Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-U.S. Small-Cap Index Fund	ICICI Securities Limited	2,282,961,000
Vanguard Global ex-U.S. Real Estate Index Fund	—	—
Vanguard Pacific Stock Index Fund	Macquarie Group	64,923,000
Vanguard Total World Stock Index Fund	Citigroup, Inc.	74,893,000
	Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc.	9,266,000
	Jefferies LLC	6,743,000
	Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC	82,216,000

B-54

Proxy Voting

I. Proxy Voting Policies

Each Vanguard fund advised by Vanguard retains the authority to vote proxies received with respect to the shares of equity securities held in a portfolio advised by Vanguard. The Board of Trustees of the Vanguard-advised funds (the Board) has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting for each portfolio retaining proxy voting authority, which are summarized in Appendix A.

Vanguard has entered into agreements with various state, federal, and non-U.S. regulators and with certain issuers that limit the amount of shares that the funds may vote at their discretion for particular securities. For these securities, the funds are able to vote a limited portion of the shares at their discretion. Any additional shares generally are voted in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer’s entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror voted), or the fund is not permitted to vote such shares. Further, the Board has adopted policies that will result in certain funds mirror voting a higher proportion of the shares they own in a regulated issuer in order to permit certain other funds (generally advised by managers not affiliated with Vanguard) to mirror vote none, or a lower proportion, of their shares in such regulated issuer.

II. Securities Lending

There may be occasions when Vanguard needs to restrict lending of and/or recall securities that are out on loan in order to vote the full position at a shareholder meeting. For the funds managed by Vanguard, Vanguard has processes to monitor securities on loan and to evaluate any circumstances that may require it to restrict and/or attempt to recall the security based on the criteria set forth in Appendix A.

To obtain a free copy of a report that details how the funds voted the proxies relating to the portfolio securities held by the funds for the prior 12-month period ended June 30, log on to vanguard.com or visit the SEC’s website at sec.gov.

Information About the ETF Share Class

Each Fund (collectively, the ETF Funds) offers and issues an exchange-traded class of shares called ETF Shares. Each Fund issues and redeems ETF Shares in large blocks, known as “Creation Units.”

To purchase or redeem a Creation Unit, you must be an Authorized Participant or you must transact through a broker that is an Authorized Participant. An Authorized Participant is a participant in the Depository Trust Company (DTC) that has executed a Participant Agreement with Vanguard Marketing Corporation, the ETF Funds’ Distributor (the Distributor). For a current list of Authorized Participants, contact the Distributor.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. As with any stock traded on an exchange through a broker, purchases and sales of ETF Shares will be subject to usual and customary brokerage commissions.

Each ETF Fund issues Creation Units in kind in exchange for a basket of securities that are part of—or soon to be part of—its target index (Deposit Securities). Each ETF Fund also redeems Creation Units in kind; an investor who tenders a Creation Unit will receive, as redemption proceeds, a basket of securities that are part of the Fund’s portfolio holdings (Redemption Securities). The Deposit Securities and Redemption Securities may include American Depository Receipts (ADRs). As part of any creation or redemption transaction, the investor will either pay or receive some cash in addition to the securities, as described more fully on the following pages. Each ETF Fund reserves the right to issue Creation Units for cash, rather than in kind. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, cash purchases and redemptions will be required for securities traded in Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Kuwait, Malaysia, Pakistan, Peru, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Taiwan, and UAE.

Exchange Listing and Trading

The ETF Shares have been approved for listing on a national securities exchange and will trade on the exchange at market prices that may differ from net asset value (NAV). There can be no assurance that, in the future, ETF Shares will continue to meet all of the exchange’s listing requirements. The exchange will institute procedures to delist the Fund’s ETF Shares if the Fund’s ETF Shares do not continuously comply with the exchange’s listing rules. The exchange will also delist the Fund’s ETF Shares upon termination of the ETF share class.

The exchange disseminates, through the facilities of the Consolidated Tape Association, an updated “indicative optimized portfolio value” (IOPV) for the ETF Fund as calculated by an information provider. The ETF Funds are not

B-55

involved with or responsible for the calculation or dissemination of the IOPVs, and they make no warranty as to the accuracy of the IOPVs. An IOPV for the Fund’s ETF Shares is disseminated every 15 seconds during regular exchange trading hours. An IOPV has a securities value component and a cash component. The IOPV is designed as an estimate of the ETF Fund’s NAV at a particular point in time, but it is only an estimate and should not be viewed as the actual NAV, which is calculated once each day.

Conversions and Exchanges

Owners of conventional (i.e., not exchange-traded) shares issued by the ETF Fund may convert those shares to ETF Shares of equivalent value of the same Fund. Please see “Conversion Rights” in the Description of the Trust section, to confirm the conversion rights. Please note that investors who own conventional shares through a 401(k) plan or other employer-sponsored retirement or benefit plan generally may not convert those shares to ETF Shares and should check with their plan sponsor or recordkeeper. ETF Shares, whether acquired through a conversion or purchased on the secondary market, cannot be converted to conventional shares by a shareholder. Also, ETF Shares of one fund cannot be exchanged for ETF Shares of another fund.

Investors that are not Authorized Participants must hold ETF Shares in a brokerage account. Thus, before converting conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must have an existing, or open a new, brokerage account. This account may be with Vanguard Brokerage Services or with any other brokerage firm. To initiate a conversion of conventional shares to ETF Shares, an investor must contact their broker.

Vanguard Brokerage Services does not impose a fee on conversions from Vanguard conventional shares to Vanguard ETF Shares. However, other brokerage firms may charge a fee to process a conversion. Vanguard reserves the right, in the future, to impose a transaction fee on conversions or to limit or terminate the conversion privilege.

Converting conventional shares to ETF Shares is generally accomplished as follows. First, after the broker notifies Vanguard of an investor‘s request to convert, Vanguard will transfer conventional shares from the investor‘s account with Vanguard to the broker‘s omnibus account with Vanguard (an account maintained by the broker on behalf of all its customers who hold conventional Vanguard fund shares through the broker). After the transfer, Vanguard’s records will reflect the broker, not the investor, as the owner of the shares. Next, the broker will instruct Vanguard to convert the appropriate number or dollar amount of conventional shares in its omnibus account to ETF Shares of equivalent value, based on the respective NAVs of the two share classes. The ETF Fund’s transfer agent will reflect ownership of all ETF Shares in the name of the DTC. The DTC will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to the broker, and the broker, in turn, will keep track of which ETF Shares belong to its customers.

Because the DTC is unable to handle fractional shares, only whole shares can be converted. For example, if the investor owned 300.25 conventional shares, and this was equivalent in value to 90.75 ETF Shares, the DTC account would receive 90 ETF Shares. Conventional shares with a value equal to 0.75 ETF Shares (in this example, that would be 2.481 conventional shares) would remain in the broker‘s omnibus account with Vanguard. The broker then could either (1) take certain internal actions necessary to credit the investor‘s account with 0.75 ETF Shares or (2) redeem the 2.481 conventional shares for cash at NAV and deliver that cash to the investor’s account. If the broker chose to redeem the conventional shares, the investor would realize a gain or loss on the redemption that must be reported on their tax return (unless the shares are held in an IRA or other tax-deferred account). An investor should consult their broker for information on how the broker will handle the conversion process, including whether the broker will impose a fee to process a conversion.

The conversion process works differently for investors who opt to hold ETF Shares through an account at Vanguard Brokerage Services. Investors who convert their conventional shares to ETF Shares through Vanguard Brokerage Services will have all conventional shares for which they request conversion converted to the equivalent dollar value of ETF Shares. Because no fractional shares will have to be sold, the transaction will not be taxable.

Here are some important points to keep in mind when converting conventional shares of the ETF Fund to ETF Shares:

■ The conversion process can take anywhere from several days to several weeks, depending on the broker. Vanguard generally will process conversion requests either on the day they are received or on the next business day. Vanguard imposes conversion blackout windows around the dates when the ETF Fund declares dividends. This is necessary to prevent a shareholder from collecting a dividend from both the conventional share class currently held and also from the ETF share class to which the shares will be converted.

■ During the conversion process, an investor will remain fully invested in the Fund’s conventional shares, and the investment will increase or decrease in value in tandem with the NAV of those shares.

B-56

■ The conversion transaction is nontaxable except, if applicable, to the very limited extent previously described.

■ During the conversion process, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing Vanguard or the broker (depending on whether the shares are held in the investor’s account or the broker‘s omnibus account) to redeem the conventional shares. After the conversion process is complete, an investor will be able to liquidate all or part of an investment by instructing the broker to sell the ETF Shares.

Book Entry Only System

ETF Shares issued by the ETF Funds are registered in the name of the DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and are deposited with, or on behalf of, the DTC. The DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (DTC Participants) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of transactions among them through electronic book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. The DTC is a subsidiary of the Depository Trust and Clearing Corporation (DTCC), which is owned by certain participants of the DTCC’s subsidiaries, including the DTC. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (Indirect Participants).

Beneficial ownership of ETF Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in ETF Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as Beneficial Owners) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by the DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from, or through, the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of ETF Shares. The laws of some jurisdictions may require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities. Such laws may impair the ability of certain investors to acquire beneficial interests in ETF Shares.

Each ETF Fund recognizes the DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all ETF Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares are not entitled to have ETF Shares registered in their names and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of the DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests to exercise any rights of a holder of ETF Shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. The DTC will make available to the ETF Fund, upon request and for a fee, a listing of the ETF Shares of the Fund held by each DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall obtain from each DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding ETF Shares, directly or indirectly, through the DTC Participant. The ETF Fund shall provide each DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in form, in number, and at such place as the DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that these communications may be transmitted by the DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to the Beneficial Owners. In addition, the ETF Fund shall pay to each DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to the DTC or its nominee as the registered holder of all ETF Shares. The DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall immediately credit the DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in ETF Shares of the appropriate ETF Fund as shown on the records of the DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of ETF Shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The ETF Funds have no responsibility or liability for any aspects of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners; for payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such ETF Shares; for maintenance, supervision, or review of any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests; or for any other aspect of the relationship between the DTC and DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.

B-57

The DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to ETF Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the ETF Funds and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the ETF Funds shall take action either to find a replacement for the DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of ETF Shares, unless the ETF Funds make other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the exchange.

Purchase and Issuance of ETF Shares in Creation Units

Except for conversions to ETF Shares from conventional shares, the ETF Funds issue and sell ETF Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at their NAV next determined after receipt of an order in proper form on any business day. The ETF Funds do not issue fractional Creation Units. (Please see “Conversions and Exchanges” for the issuance of ETF Shares resulting from a conversion.)

A business day is any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of this Statement of Additional Information, the NYSE observes the following U.S. holidays: New Year’s Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day; Presidents’ Day (Washington’s Birthday); Good Friday; Memorial Day; Juneteenth National Independence Day; Independence Day; Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day; and Christmas Day.

Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit from the ETF Fund generally consists of an in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of securities (Deposit Securities) and an amount of cash (Cash Component) consisting of a purchase balancing amount and a transaction fee (both described in the following paragraphs). Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the fund deposit.

The purchase balancing amount is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities (Deposit Amount). It ensures that the NAV of a fund deposit (not including the transaction fee) is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit it is used to purchase. If the purchase balancing amount is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the purchaser to the ETF Fund in cash. If the purchase balancing amount is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the ETF Fund to the purchaser in cash (except as offset by the transaction fee).

Vanguard, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC), makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the next business day’s fund deposit for the ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). Each ETF Fund reserves the right to accept a nonconforming fund deposit.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a fund deposit may change from one day to another  to reflect rebalancing adjustments and corporate actions or to respond to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component securities of the relevant target index.

Each ETF Fund reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash—referred to as “cash in lieu”—to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security. This might occur, for example, if a Deposit Security is not available in sufficient quantity for delivery, is not eligible for transfer through the applicable clearance and settlement system, or is not eligible for trading by an Authorized Participant or the investor for which an Authorized Participant is acting. Trading costs incurred by the ETF Fund in connection with the purchase of Deposit Securities with cash-in-lieu amounts will be an expense of the ETF Fund. However, Vanguard may adjust the transaction fee to protect existing shareholders from this expense.

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the ETF Fund, and the ETF Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.

Procedures for Purchasing Creation Units. An order to purchase a Creation Unit of each ETF Fund other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, and an order to purchase a Creation Unit of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund transmitted via U.S. mail or overnight delivery service, must be submitted in proper form to the Distributor; such order must be received by the Distributor prior to the closing time of regular trading on the NYSE (Closing Time) (ordinarily 4 p.m., Eastern time) to receive that business day’s NAV. An order to purchase a Creation Unit of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund transmitted via portal, fax, email, or telephone must be submitted in proper form to the Distributor; such order must be received by the Distributor within a ninety-minute window after Closing Time on the preceding business day (ordinarily between 4 p.m. and 5 p.m., Eastern time) to receive the NAV on

B-58

a particular business day. Each ETF Fund reserves the absolute right to reject a purchase order (see discussion below under the heading “Rejection of Purchase Orders”). The date on which an order to purchase (or redeem) Creation Units is placed is referred to as the transmittal date. Authorized Participants must transmit purchase orders using a transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.

The Distributor shall inform the ETF Fund’s custodian of the order. The custodian will then inform the appropriate foreign subcustodians. Each subcustodian shall maintain an account into which the Authorized Participant shall deliver, on behalf of itself or the party on whose behalf it is acting, the relevant Deposit Securities (or the cash value of all or part of such securities, in the case of a permitted or required cash purchase or cash-in-lieu amount), with any appropriate adjustments as advised by Vanguard. Deposit Securities must be delivered to an account maintained at the applicable local subcustodians.

The Authorized Participant must also make available on or before the contractual settlement date, by means satisfactory to the ETF Fund, immediately available or same-day funds estimated by the ETF Fund to be sufficient to pay the Cash Component. Any excess funds will be returned following settlement of the issue of the Creation Unit.

Neither the Trust, the ETF Funds, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a purchase order by Closing Time, or an earlier cut-off time in the case of an ETF Fund that has established such a time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor’s phone or email systems were not operating properly).

If you are not an Authorized Participant, you must place your purchase order in an acceptable form with an Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant may request that you make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order (e.g., to provide for payments of cash when required).

An order to purchase Creation Units is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the Distributor prior to Closing Time on such transmittal date, or an earlier cut-off time in the case of an ETF Fund that has established such a time and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

Except as provided herein, a Creation Unit will not be issued until the transfer of good title to an ETF Fund of the Deposit Securities and the payment of the Cash Component have been completed. When each subcustodian has confirmed to the custodian that the required securities included in the fund deposit have been delivered to the account of the relevant subcustodian, and the Cash Component has been delivered to the custodian, the Distributor shall be notified of such delivery, and the ETF Fund will issue and cause the delivery of the Creation Unit.

If a fund deposit is incomplete on the first business day after the trade date (the trade date, known as “T,” is the date on which the trade actually takes place; one business day after the trade date is known as “T+1”) because of the failed delivery of one or more of the Deposit Securities, an ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the purchase order. Alternatively, an ETF Fund may issue Creation Units in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing Deposit Securities at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in an amount determined by the ETF Fund in accordance with the terms of the Participant Agreement.

Rejection of Purchase Orders. An ETF Fund reserves the absolute right to reject a purchase order. By way of example, and not limitation, the ETF Fund will reject a purchase order if:

■ The order is not in proper form.

■ The Deposit Securities delivered are not the same (in name or amount) as the published basket.

■ Acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the ETF Fund.

■ Acceptance of the fund deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful.

■ Acceptance of the fund deposit would otherwise, at the discretion of the ETF Fund or Vanguard, have an adverse effect on the Fund or any of its shareholders.

■ Circumstances outside the control of the ETF Fund, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, the subcustodian(s), the Distributor, and Vanguard make it for all practical purposes impossible to process the order. Examples include, but are not limited to, natural disasters, public service disruptions, or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions, and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy, and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the aforementioned parties as well as the DTC, the NSCC, or any other participant in the purchase process; and similar extraordinary events.

B-59

If the purchase order is rejected, the Distributor shall notify the Authorized Participant that submitted the order. The ETF Funds, the Trust, the transfer agent, the custodian, the subcustodian(s), the Distributor, and Vanguard are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of a fund deposit, nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

Transaction Fee on Purchases of Creation Units. An ETF Fund may impose a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the issuance of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by the ETF Fund from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard’s proprietary portal system. When an ETF Fund permits (or requires) a purchaser to substitute cash in lieu of depositing one or more Deposit Securities, the purchaser may be assessed an additional variable charge on the cash-in-lieu portion of the investment. The amount of this charge will be disclosed to investors before they place their orders. The amount will be determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion. The maximum transaction fee, including any variable charges, on purchases of Creation Units, including any additional charges as described, shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

An ETF Fund reserves the right to not impose a transaction fee or to vary the amount of the transaction fee imposed, up to the maximum amount listed above. To the extent a creation transaction fee is not charged or does not cover the costs associated with the issuance of the Creation Units, certain costs may be borne by the ETF Fund.

Redemption of ETF Shares in Creation Units

To be eligible to place a redemption order, you must be an Authorized Participant. Investors that are not Authorized Participants must make appropriate arrangements with an Authorized Participant in order to redeem a Creation Unit.

ETF Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Units. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other transaction costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of ETF Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit. Redemption requests received on a business day in good order will receive the NAV next determined after the request is made.

Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for the ETF Fund, an investor tendering a Creation Unit generally will receive redemption proceeds consisting of (1) a basket of Redemption Securities; plus (2) a redemption balancing amount in cash equal to the difference between (x) the NAV of the Creation Unit being redeemed, as next determined after receipt of a request in proper form, and (y) the value of the Redemption Securities; less (3) a transaction fee. If the Redemption Securities have a value greater than the NAV of a Creation Unit, the redeeming investor will pay the redemption balancing amount in cash to the ETF Fund, rather than receive such amount from the Fund.

Vanguard, through the NSCC, makes available after the close of each business day a list of the names and the number of shares of each Redemption Security to be included in the next business day’s redemption basket for the ETF Fund (subject to possible amendment or correction). In the case of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund, which requires that redemption orders transmitted via certain modes of communication be placed during specified hours on T-1, Vanguard makes available prior to Closing Time on T-1, through its proprietary portal system, a list of the names and the number of shares of each Redemption Security to be included in the redemption basket for use on the trade date (subject to possible amendment or correction). The basket of Redemption Securities provided to an investor redeeming a Creation Unit may not be identical to the basket of Deposit Securities required of an investor purchasing a Creation Unit. An ETF Fund may provide a redeeming investor with a basket of Redemption Securities that differs from the composition of the redemption basket published through the NSCC.

An ETF Fund reserves the right to deliver cash in lieu of any Redemption Security for the same reason it might accept cash in lieu of a Deposit Security, as previously discussed, or if the ETF Fund could not lawfully deliver the security or could not do so without first registering such security under federal or state law.

Neither the Trust, the ETF Funds, the Distributor, nor any affiliated party will be liable to an investor who is unable to submit a redemption order by Closing Time, or an earlier cut-off time in the case of an ETF Fund that has established such a time, even if the problem is the responsibility of one of those parties (e.g., the Distributor’s phone or email systems were not operating properly).

Transaction Fee on Redemptions of Creation Units. An ETF Fund may impose a transaction fee (payable to the Fund) to compensate the ETF Fund for costs associated with the redemption of Creation Units. The amount of the fee, which may be changed by the ETF Fund from time to time at its sole discretion, is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard’s proprietary portal system. When an ETF

B-60

Fund permits (or requires) a redeeming investor to receive cash in lieu of one or more Redemption Securities, Each ETF fund may assess an additional variable charge on the cash portion of redemption. The amount will vary as determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion and is made available daily to Authorized Participants, market makers, and other interested parties through Vanguard’s proprietary portal system. The amount will vary as determined by the ETF Fund at its sole discretion. The maximum transaction fee, including any variable charges, on redemptions of Creation Units, shall be 2% of the value of the Creation Units.

An ETF Fund reserves the right to not impose a transaction fee or to vary the amount of the transaction fee imposed, up to the maximum amount listed above. To the extent a redemption transaction fee is not charged or does not cover the costs associated with the redemption of the Creation Units, certain costs may be borne by the ETF Fund.

Placement of Redemption Orders. An order to redeem a Creation Unit of each ETF Fund other than Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund and an order to redeem a Creation Unit of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund transmitted via U.S. mail or overnight delivery service must be submitted in proper form to the Distributor; such order must be received by the Distributor prior to Closing Time to receive that business day’s NAV. An order to redeem a Creation Unit of Vanguard Emerging Markets Stock Index Fund transmitted via portal, fax, email, or telephone must be submitted in proper form to the Distributor; such order must be received by the Distributor within a ninety-minute window after Closing Time on the preceding business day (ordinarily between 4 p.m. and 5:30 p.m., Eastern time) to receive the NAV on a particular business day. Authorized Participants must transmit redemption orders using a transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement.

An order to redeem a Creation Unit is deemed received on the transmittal date if (1) such order is received by the Distributor before Closing Time on such transmittal date or an earlier cut-off time in the case of an ETF Fund that has established such a time and (2) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

If on T+1 an Authorized Participant has failed to deliver all of the Vanguard ETF Shares it is seeking to redeem, an ETF Fund shall be entitled to cancel the redemption order. Alternatively, the ETF Fund may deliver to the Authorized Participant the full complement of Redemption Securities and cash in reliance on the Authorized Participant’s undertaking to deliver the missing ETF Shares at a later date. Such undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of cash collateral in accordance with collateral procedures that are part of the Participant Agreement. In all cases the ETF Fund shall be entitled to charge the Authorized Participant for any costs (including investment losses, attorney’s fees, and interest) incurred by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

Each ETF Fund reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to require or permit a redeeming investor to receive the redemption proceeds in cash. In such cases, the investor would receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its ETF Shares based on the NAV of those shares next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a transaction fee, including a charge for cash redemptions, as previously discussed).

If an Authorized Participant, or a redeeming investor acting through an Authorized Participant, is subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular security included in the basket of Redemption Securities, such investor may be paid an equivalent amount of cash in lieu of the security.

Each ETF Fund generally will deliver redemption proceeds within one business day. Because of the schedule of holidays in certain markets, however, the delivery of in-kind redemption proceeds may take longer than one business day. For each market relating to the ETF Fund, the markets and dates where more than seven days would be needed to deliver redemption proceeds are identified under the heading ETF Shares: Foreign Market Information. The ETF Fund will deliver redemption proceeds within the number of days stated under ETF Shares: Foreign Market Information.

In connection with taking delivery of shares of Redemption Securities upon redemption of a Creation Unit, an Authorized Participant, or a Beneficial Owner redeeming through an Authorized Participant, must maintain appropriate security arrangements with a qualified broker-dealer, bank, or other custody provider in each jurisdiction in which any of the Redemption Securities are customarily traded, to which account such Deposit Securities will be delivered.

If appropriate arrangements to take delivery of the Redemption Securities in the applicable foreign jurisdictions, as required in the preceding paragraph, are not in place, or if it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Redemption Securities in such jurisdictions, the ETF Fund may at its discretion effect the redemption in cash. In such case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of the redeemed shares, based on the NAV next calculated after receipt of the redemption request in proper form (minus a transaction fee and an additional variable charge for cash redemptions specified previously, to offset the ETF Fund’s transaction costs associated with the disposition of

B-61

Redemption Securities of the ETF Fund). Redemptions of Creation Units will be subject to compliance with applicable United States federal and state securities laws and the ETF Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the ETF Fund could not lawfully deliver specific Redemption Securities or could not do so without first registering such securities under federal or state law.

If cash redemptions are permitted or required by an ETF Fund, proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant as soon as practicable after the date of redemption (within seven calendar days thereafter, except for the instances listed under ETF Shares: Foreign Market Information hereto where more than seven calendar days may be needed).

To the extent contemplated by an Authorized Participant’s agreement with the Distributor, in the event the Authorized Participant that has submitted a redemption request in proper form is unable to transfer all or part of the Creation Unit to be redeemed to the ETF Fund prior to Closing Time on the business day of submission of such redemption request, the Distributor may nonetheless accept the redemption in reliance on the undertaking by the Authorized Participant to deliver the missing ETF Shares as soon as possible, which undertaking shall be secured by the Authorized Participant’s delivery and maintenance of collateral consisting of cash having a value at least equal to 103% of the value of the missing ETF Shares in accordance with the ETF Fund’s then-effective procedures. In all cases the Fund shall be entitled to charge the redeeming investor for any costs (including investment losses, attorney’s fees, and interest) sustained by the ETF Fund as a result of the late delivery or failure to deliver.

Because the Redemption Securities of an ETF Fund may trade on the relevant exchange(s) on days that the exchange is closed, stockholders may not be able to redeem their shares of the ETF Fund, or to purchase or sell ETF Shares on the exchange, on days when the NAVs of the ETF Funds could be significantly affected by events in the relevant foreign markets.

As a result of security settlement cycles, local market holidays, and unscheduled foreign market closings, ETFs that hold foreign investments may deliver redemption proceeds (either in kind or in cash) more than seven days (but no more than fifteen days) after receipt of a redemption request in proper form.

Suspension of Redemption Rights. The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to the ETF Fund (1) for any period during which the NYSE or listing exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings), (2) for any period during which trading on the NYSE or listing exchange is suspended or restricted, (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the Fund’s portfolio securities or determination of its NAV is not reasonably practicable, or (4) in such other circumstances as the SEC permits.

Precautionary Notes

A precautionary note to ETF investors: The DTC or its nominee will be the registered owner of all outstanding ETF Shares. Your ownership of ETF Shares will be shown on the records of the DTC and the DTC Participant broker through which you hold the shares. Vanguard will not have any record of your ownership. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of ETF Shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income and capital gains distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the fund whose ETF Shares you own. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.

You should also be aware that investments in ETF Shares may be subject to certain risks relating to having large shareholders. To the extent that a large number of the Fund’s ETF Shares are held by a large shareholder (e.g., an institutional investor, an investment advisor or an affiliate of an investment advisor, an authorized participant, a lead market maker, or another entity), a large redemption by such a shareholder could result in an increase in the ETF’s expense ratio, cause the ETF to incur higher transaction costs, cause the ETF to fail to comply with applicable listing standards of the listing exchange upon which it is listed, lead to the realization of taxable capital gains, or cause the remaining shareholders to receive distributions representing a disproportionate share of the ETF’s ordinary income and long-term capital gains. In addition, transactions by large shareholders may account for a large percentage of the trading volume on an exchange and may, therefore, have a material upward or downward effect on the market price of the ETF Shares.

A precautionary note about investing in funds with both ETF and mutual fund share classes: A fund with both conventional mutual fund shares and ETF Shares may subject its ETF shareholders to different costs and tax impacts

B-62

than a fund with only exchange-traded shares. For example, a fund with both mutual fund shares and ETF Shares may need to buy and sell portfolio securities in response to inflows and outflows in the mutual fund share class. These purchases and sales could result in the fund’s ETF shareholders sharing in brokerage and other transaction costs that shareholders would not incur in a fund with only exchange-traded shares. To the extent a fund with both mutual fund shares and ETF Shares needs to sell portfolio securities at a gain to satisfy mutual fund share class redemptions, the fund may need to distribute taxable capital gains to all of the fund’s shareholders, including those who hold ETF Shares. In addition, a fund with both mutual fund shares and ETF Shares could need to hold more uninvested cash than a fund with only exchange-traded shares in order to satisfy mutual fund share class transactions. This uninvested cash could result in a drag on the fund’s performance.

A precautionary note to purchasers of Creation Units: You should be aware of certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the issuing fund.

Because new ETF Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of ETF Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that you perform as a dealer could, depending on the circumstances, result in your being deemed a participant in the distribution in a manner that could render you a statutory underwriter and subject you to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act). For example, you could be deemed a statutory underwriter if you purchase Creation Units from the issuing fund, break them down into the constituent ETF Shares, and sell those shares directly to customers or if you choose to couple the creation of a supply of new ETF Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for ETF Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.

Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with ETF Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the 1933 Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act.

A precautionary note to shareholders redeeming Creation Units: An Authorized Participant that is not a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act will not be able to receive, as part of the redemption basket, restricted securities eligible for resale under Rule 144A.

A precautionary note to investment companies: Vanguard ETF Shares are issued by registered investment companies, and therefore the acquisition of such shares by other investment companies and private funds is subject to the restrictions of Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act. SEC Rule 12d1-4 under the 1940 Act permits investments in Vanguard ETF Shares beyond the limits of Section 12(d)(1), subject to the conditions of Rule 12d1-4, as described under the heading “Other Investment Companies.”

Financial Statements

Each Fund’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, and the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, appearing therein, are incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information. For a more complete discussion of each Fund’s performance, please see the Funds’ annual reports to shareholders, which may be obtained without charge.

B-63

Appendix A

Summary of the Vanguard-Advised Funds Proxy Voting Policy

The funds for which Vanguard acts as investment advisor (Vanguard-advised funds) retain authority to vote proxies received for the shares of equity securities held in each fund. The Board of Trustees (the Board) for the Vanguard-advised funds has adopted proxy voting procedures and guidelines to govern proxy voting for each portfolio retaining proxy voting authority.

The Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee (the Committee), comprised primarily of fund officers and subject to the procedures described below, oversees the Vanguard-advised funds’ proxy voting. The Committee reports directly to the Board. Vanguard is subject to these procedures and the proxy voting policies to the extent that they call for Vanguard to administer the voting process and implement the resulting voting decisions, and for these purposes the voting policies have also been approved by the Board of Directors of Vanguard.

The voting principles and policies adopted by the Board provide a framework for assessing each proposal and seek to ensure that each vote is cast in the best interests of each fund. Under the voting policies, each proposal is evaluated on its merits, based on the particular facts and circumstances presented at the company in question. For more information on the funds’ proxy voting policies, please visit about.vanguard.com/investment-stewardship.

I. Investment Stewardship Team

The Investment Stewardship Team administers the day-to-day operation of the funds’ proxy voting process, overseen by the Committee. The Investment Stewardship Team performs the following functions: (1) managing and conducting due diligence of proxy voting vendors; (2) reconciling share positions; (3) analyzing proxy proposals using factors described in the voting policies; (4) determining and addressing potential or actual conflicts of interest that may be presented by a particular proxy; and (5) voting proxies. The Investment Stewardship Team also prepares periodic and special reports for the Board and proposes amendments to the procedures and voting policies.

II. Investment Stewardship Oversight Committee

The Board, including a majority of the independent trustees, appoints the members of the Committee (which is comprised primarily of fund officers). The Committee works with the Investment Stewardship Team to provide reports and other guidance to the Board regarding proxy voting by the funds. The Committee has an obligation to exercise its decision-making authority in accordance with the Board’s instructions as set forth in the funds’ proxy voting procedures and voting policies and subject to the fiduciary standards of good faith, fairness, and Vanguard’s Code of Ethical Conduct. The Committee may advise the Investment Stewardship Team on how to best apply the Board’s instructions as set forth in the voting policies or refer the matter to the Board, which has ultimate decision-making authority for the funds. The Board reviews the procedures and voting policies annually and modifies them from time to time upon the recommendation of the Committee and in consultation with the Investment Stewardship Team.

III. Proxy Voting Pillars

Vanguard’s investment stewardship activities are grounded in four pillars of corporate governance:

1) Board composition and effectiveness: Good governance begins with a company’s board of directors. Our primary focus is on understanding to what extent the individuals who serve as board members are appropriately independent, capable, and experienced.

2) Board oversight of strategy and risk: Boards should be meaningfully involved in the formation and oversight of strategy and have ongoing oversight of material risks to their company. We work to understand how boards of directors are involved in strategy formation, oversee company strategy, and identify and govern material risks to long-term shareholder returns.

3) Executive pay (compensation or remuneration): Sound, performance-linked compensation programs drive long-term investment returns. We look for companies to provide clear disclosure about their compensation practices, the board’s oversight of those practices, and how said practices are aligned with long-term shareholder returns.

B-64

4) Shareholder rights: We believe governance structures should allow shareholders to effectively exercise their foundational rights. Shareholder rights enable a company’s owners to use their voice and their vote—ideally, consistent with their economic exposure—to effect and approve changes in corporate governance practices.

IV. Evaluation of Proxies

For ease of reference, the procedures and guidelines often refer to all Vanguard-advised funds. However, the processes and practices seek to ensure that proxy voting decisions are suitable for individual funds. For most proxy proposals, particularly those involving routine corporate governance matters, the evaluation could result in the funds having a common interest in the matter and, accordingly, each fund casting votes in the same manner. In other cases, however, a fund may vote differently from other funds, depending upon the nature and objective of each fund, if doing so is in the best interest of the individual fund.

The voting policies do not permit the Board to delegate voting discretion to a third party that does not serve as a fiduciary for all Vanguard-advised funds. Because many factors bear on each decision, the voting policies incorporate factors that should be considered in each voting decision. A fund may refrain from voting some or all of its shares or vote in a particular way if doing so would be in the fund’s and its shareholders’ best interests. These circumstances may arise, for example, if the expected cost of voting exceeds the expected benefits of voting, if exercising the vote would result in the imposition of trading or other restrictions, or if a fund (or all Vanguard funds in the aggregate) were to own more than the permissible maximum percentage of a company’s stock (as determined by the company’s governing documents or by applicable law, regulation, or regulatory agreement), or if voting would present a potential conflict of interest.

In evaluating proxy proposals, the Investment Stewardship Team considers information from many sources, which could include, but is not limited to, the perspectives of the company management or shareholders presenting a proposal, independent proxy research services, or proprietary research. Additionally, data and recommendations from proxy advisors serve as one of many inputs into our research process. The Vanguard-advised funds may utilize automated voting for matters that are clearly addressed by the funds’ proxy voting procedures and guidelines.

While serving as a framework, the voting policies cannot contemplate all possible proposals with which a fund may be presented. In the absence of a specific guideline for a particular proposal (e.g., in the case of a transactional issue or contested proxy), the Investment Stewardship Team, under the supervision of the Committee, will evaluate the matter and cast the fund’s vote in a manner that is in the fund’s best interest, subject to the individual circumstances of the fund.

V. Conflicts of Interest

Vanguard takes seriously its commitment to avoid potential conflicts of interest. Vanguard funds invest in thousands of publicly listed companies worldwide. Those companies may include clients, potential clients, vendors, or competitors. Some companies may employ Vanguard trustees, former Vanguard executives, or family members of Vanguard personnel who have direct involvement in Vanguard’s Investment Stewardship program.

Vanguard’s approach to mitigating conflicts of interest begins with the funds’ proxy voting procedures. The procedures require that voting personnel act as fiduciaries and must conduct their activities at all times in accordance with the following standards: (i) fund shareholders’ interests come first; (ii) conflicts of interest must be avoided and mitigated to the extent possible; and (iii) compromising situations must be avoided.

We maintain an important separation between Vanguard’s Investment Stewardship Team and other groups within Vanguard that are responsible for sales, marketing, client service, and vendor/partner relationships. Proxy voting personnel are required to disclose potential conflicts of interest and must recuse themselves from all voting decisions and engagement activities in such instances. In certain circumstances, Vanguard may refrain from voting shares of a company, or may engage an independent third-party fiduciary to vote proxies.

Each externally managed fund has adopted the proxy voting guidelines of its advisor(s) and votes in accordance with the external advisors’ guidelines and procedures. Each advisor has its own procedures for managing conflicts of interest in the best interests of fund shareholders.

VI. Shareholder Proposals

Shareholder proposals are evaluated in the context of the general corporate governance principle that a company’s board has ultimate responsibility for providing effective ongoing oversight of relevant sector and company-specific risks,

B-65

including risks related to environmental and social matters. Each proposal is evaluated on its merits and in the context of the particular facts and circumstances at the company in question and supported when there is a logically demonstrable linkage between the specific proposal and long-term shareholder value of the company. Some of the factors considered when evaluating shareholder proposals include the materiality of the risk addressed by the proposal, the quality of the current disclosures/business practices, and any progress by the company toward addressing and disclosing the relevant material risk.

VII. Voting in Markets Outside the United States

Corporate governance standards, disclosure requirements, and voting mechanics vary greatly among the markets outside the United States (U.S.) in which the funds may invest. Each fund’s votes will be used, where applicable, to support improvements in governance and disclosure by each fund’s portfolio companies. Matters presented by non-U.S. portfolio companies will be evaluated in the foregoing context, as well as in accordance with local market standards and best practices. Votes are cast for each fund in a manner philosophically consistent with the voting policies, taking into account differing practices by market.

In many other markets, voting proxies will result in a fund being prohibited from selling the shares for a period of time due to requirements known as “share-blocking” or reregistration. Generally, the value of voting is unlikely to outweigh the loss of liquidity imposed by these requirements on the funds. In such instances, the funds will generally abstain from voting.

The costs of voting (e.g., custodian fees, vote agency fees) in other markets may be substantially higher than for U.S. holdings. As such, the fund may limit its voting on foreign holdings in instances in which the issues presented are unlikely to have a material impact on shareholder value.

VIII. Voting Shares of a Company That Has an Ownership Limitation

Certain companies have provisions in their governing documents or other agreements that restrict stock ownership in excess of a specified limit. Typically, these ownership restrictions are included in the governing documents of real estate investment trusts but may be included in other companies’ governing documents. A company’s governing documents normally allow the company to grant a waiver of these ownership limits, which would allow a fund to exceed the stated ownership limit. Sometimes a company will grant a waiver without restriction. From time to time, a company may grant a waiver only if a fund (or funds) agrees to not vote the company’s shares in excess of the normal specified limit. In such a circumstance, a fund may refrain from voting shares if owning the shares beyond the company’s specified limit is in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.

In addition, applicable law may require prior regulatory approval to permit ownership of certain regulated issuer’s voting securities above certain limits or may impose other restrictions on owners of more than a certain percentage of a regulated issuer’s voting shares. The Board has authorized the funds to vote shares above these limits in the same proportion as votes cast by the issuer’s entire shareholder base (i.e., mirror vote), or to refrain from voting excess shares. Further, the Board has adopted policies that will result in certain funds mirror voting a higher proportion of the shares they own in a regulated issuer in order to permit certain other funds (generally advised by managers not affiliated with Vanguard) to mirror vote none, or a lower proportion of, their shares in such regulated issuer.

IX. Voting on a Fund’s Holdings of Other Vanguard Funds

Certain Vanguard funds (owner funds) may, from time to time, own shares of other Vanguard funds (underlying funds). If an underlying fund submits a matter to a vote of its shareholders, votes for and against such matters on behalf of the owner funds will be cast in the same proportion as the votes of the other shareholders in the underlying fund.

X. Securities Lending

There may be occasions when Vanguard needs to restrict lending of and/or recall securities that are out on loan in order to vote in a shareholder meeting. Vanguard has processes to monitor securities on loan and to evaluate any circumstances that may require us to restrict and/or recall the stock. In making this decision, we consider:

■ The subject of the vote and whether, based on our knowledge and experience, we believe the topic is potentially material to the corporate governance and/or long-term performance of the company;

■ The funds’ individual and/or aggregate equity investment in a company, and whether we estimate that voting funds’ shares would affect the shareholder meeting outcome; and

B-66

■ The long-term impact to our fund shareholders, evaluating whether we believe the benefits of voting a company’s shares would outweigh the benefits of stock lending revenues in a particular instance.

B-67

London Stock Exchange Group companies include FTSE International Limited (“FTSE”), Frank Russell Company (“Russell”), MTS Next Limited (“MTS”), and FTSE TMX Global Debt Capital Markets Inc. (“FTSE TMX”). All rights reserved. “FTSE®”, “Russell®”, “MTS®“, “FTSE TMX®” and “FTSE Russell” and other service marks and trademarks related to the FTSE or Russell indexes are trademarks of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and are used by FTSE, MTS, FTSE TMX and Russell under licence. All information is provided for information purposes only. Every effort is made to ensure that all information given in this publication is accurate, but no responsibility or liability can be accepted by the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor its licensors for any errors or for any loss from use of this publication. Neither the London Stock Exchange Group companies nor any of their licensors make any claim, prediction, warranty or representation whatsoever, expressly or impliedly, either as to the results to be obtained from the use of the Indices or the fitness or suitability of the Indices for any particular purpose to which they might be put. The London Stock Exchange Group companies do not provide investment advice and nothing in this document should be taken as constituting financial or investment advice. The London Stock Exchange Group companies make no representation regarding the advisability of investing in any asset. A decision to invest in any such asset should not be made in reliance on any information herein. Indexes cannot be invested in directly. Inclusion of an asset in an index is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold that asset. The general information contained in this publication should not be acted upon without obtaining specific legal, tax, and investment advice from a licensed professional. No part of this information may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the London Stock Exchange Group companies. Distribution of the London Stock Exchange Group companies’ index values and the use of their indexes to create financial products require a licence with FTSE, FTSE TMX, MTS and/or Russell and/or its licensors.

 

 

 

SAI 072 022025

PART C
VANGUARD INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INDEX FUNDS
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 28. Exhibits 

(a)	Articles of Incorporation, Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 127, dated February 27, 2023, is hereby incorporated by reference.
(b)	By-Laws, Amended and Restated By-Laws, is filed herewith.
(c)	Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders, reference is made to Articles III and V of the Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, refer to Exhibit (a) above.
(d)	Investment Advisory Contracts, The Vanguard Group, Inc., provides investment advisory services to the Funds pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, refer to Exhibit (h) below.
(e)	Underwriting Contracts, not applicable.
(f)	Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts, reference is made to the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement.
(g)	Custodian Agreements, for Bank of New York Mellon, JPMorgan Chase Bank, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, are filed herewith.
(h)	Other Material Contracts, Form of Authorized Participant Agreement, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 81 dated February 28, 2012, is hereby incorporated by reference. Fifth Amended and Restated Funds’ Service Agreement, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 123 dated February 27, 2020, is hereby incorporated by reference. Form of Fund of Funds Investment Agreement, filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 126 dated February 25, 2022, is hereby incorporated by reference.
(i)	Legal Opinion, not applicable.
(j)	Other Opinions, Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, is filed herewith.
(k)	Omitted Financial Statements, not applicable.
(l)	Initial Capital Agreements, not applicable.
(m)	Rule 12b-1 Plan, not applicable.
(n)	Rule 18f-3 Plan, Vanguard Funds Multiple Class Plan, is filed herewith.
(o)	Reserved.
(p)	Codes of Ethics, for The Vanguard Group, Inc., filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 128, dated February 27, 2024, is hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 29. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant

None.

Item 30. Indemnification

The Registrant’s organizational documents contain provisions indemnifying Trustees and officers against liability incurred in their official capacities. Article VII, Section 2 of the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Registrant may indemnify and hold harmless each and every Trustee and officer from and against any and all claims, demands, costs, losses, expenses, and damages whatsoever arising out of or related to the performance of his or her duties as a Trustee or officer. Article VI of the By-Laws generally provides that the Registrant shall indemnify its Trustees and officers, and may indemnify its underwriter or affiliated persons, from any liability arising out of their past or present service in that capacity. Among other things, this provision excludes any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the Trustee’s or officer’s office with the Registrant. In addition, the Registrant maintains liability insurance policies which, under certain circumstances, provides coverage to Trustees and officers.

C-1

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the Securities Act) may be permitted for directors, officers, or persons controlling the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard), is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). The list required by this Item 31 of officers and directors of Vanguard, together with any information as to any business, profession, vocation, or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years, is incorporated herein by reference from Form ADV filed by Vanguard pursuant to the Advisers Act (SEC File No. 801-11953).

Item 32. Principal Underwriters 

(a)	Vanguard Marketing Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Vanguard Group, Inc., is the principal underwriter of each fund within the Vanguard group of investment companies, a family of over 200 funds.
(b)	The principal business address of each named director and officer of Vanguard Marketing Corporation is 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355.

 

Name	Positions and Office with Underwriter	Positions and Office with Funds
Matthew J. Benchener	President and Chief Executive Officer Designee	None
John E. Bisordi	General Counsel and Vice President	None
Amma Boateng	Vice President	None
Barbara Bock	Controller	None
Jason Botzler	Vice President	None
Matthew C. Brancato	Vice President	None
Christine Buchanan	Senior Vice President	Chief Financial Officer
Jacob Buttery	Assistant Secretary	None
Sarah Green	Anti-Money Laundering Officer	None
Kaitlyn Holmes	Vice President	None
Paul M. Jakubowski	Vice President	None
John James	Vice President	None
Andrew Kadjeski	Vice President	None
Amy M. Laursen	Vice President	None
James D. Martielli	Vice President	None
Janelle McDonald	Vice President	None
Douglas R. Mento	Vice President	None
Beth Morales Singh	Secretary	None
Armond E. Mosley	Vice President	None
Manish Nagar	Chief Information Security Officer	None
Faith Nsereko	Senior Vice President	None
Salvatore L. Pantalone	Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer	None
Nicolas Pesciarelli	Senior Vice President	None
David Petty	Senior Vice President	None
Michael Rollings	Senior Vice President	Finance Director
John E. Schadl	Vice President	Assistant Secretary

C-2

Name	Positions and Office with Underwriter	Positions and Office with Funds
Carrie Simons	Assistant Secretary	Assistant Secretary
Marc Stewart	Chief Compliance Officer	None
Parks Strobridge	Vice President	None
Nitin Tandon	Chief Information Officer	None
Marisa Tilghman	Senior Vice President	None
Matthew Tretter	Principal Operations Officer	None
Massy Williams	Vice President	None

 

(c) Not applicable.

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records

The books, accounts, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder will be maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Transfer Agent, The Vanguard Group, Inc., 100 Vanguard Boulevard, Malvern, PA 19355; the Registrant’s Custodians, The Bank of New York Mellon, 240 Greenwich Street, New York, NY 10286, JPMorgan Chase Bank, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10179, and State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Congress Street, Suite 1, Boston, MA 02114; and the Registrant’s investment advisor at the location identified in this Registration Statement.

Item 34. Management Services

Other than as set forth in the section entitled “Management of the Funds” in Part B of this Registration Statement, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.

Item 35. Undertakings

Not applicable.

C-3

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Town of Valley Forge and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 27th day of February, 2025.

Vanguard International Equity Index Funds

BY:

/s/ Salim Ramji*

Salim Ramji
Chief Executive Officer, President, and Trustee

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated: 

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Salim Ramji* Salim Ramji	Chief Executive Officer, President, and Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Tara Bunch* Tara Bunch	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Mark Loughridge* Mark Loughridge	Independent Chair	February 27, 2025
/s/ Scott C. Malpass* Scott C. Malpass	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ John Murphy* John Murphy	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Lubos Pastor* Lubos Pastor	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Rebecca Patterson* Rebecca Patterson	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ André F. Perold* André F. Perold	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Sarah Bloom Raskin* Sarah Bloom Raskin	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Grant Reid* Grant Reid	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ David Thomas* David Thomas	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Barbara Venneman* Barbara Venneman	Trustee	February 27, 2025

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Peter F. Volanakis* Peter F. Volanakis	Trustee	February 27, 2025
/s/ Christine Buchanan* Christine Buchanan	Chief Financial Officer	February 27, 2025

*By: /s/ John E. Schadl
John E. Schadl, pursuant to a Power of Attorney Filed Herewith.