Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

7.   Income Taxes. On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted a budget reconciliation package (known as the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” or “OBBBA”) which includes a broad range of tax provisions affecting businesses. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. The Company has included the estimated impacts of the bill in the consolidated financial statements for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025. We will continue to evaluate the full impact of these legislative changes as additional guidance and results become available.

Our provision for income taxes for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was a tax expense of $10.8 million and $8.2 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 28.0% and 22.4%, respectively. Our provision for income taxes for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was a tax expense of $29.4 million and $24.4 million, respectively, which resulted in an effective tax rate of 24.5% and 20.9%, respectively. The increase in the effective income tax rate for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the prior-year period, was primarily due to decreased benefit from discrete items such as share-based compensation and contingent liabilities and increased permanent tax differences in various jurisdictions and items related to the budget reconciliation package enacted during the period and retroactive to the beginning of the year. The increase in the income tax expense for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, when compared to the prior-year periods, was primarily due to increased pre-tax book income and the rate differences noted above. Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the impact of global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) inclusions, state income taxes, foreign taxes, other nondeductible permanent items and discrete items (such as share-based compensation).

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Pillar Two global minimum tax rules, which generally provide for a minimum effective tax rate of 15%, are intended to apply for tax years beginning in 2024. On February 2, 2023, the OECD issued administrative guidance providing transition and safe harbor rules around the implementation of the Pillar Two global minimum tax. Under a transitional safe harbor released July 17, 2023, the undertaxed profits rule top-up tax in the jurisdiction of a company's ultimate parent entity will be zero for each fiscal year of the transition period, if that jurisdiction has a corporate tax rate of at least 20%. The safe harbor transition period will apply to fiscal years beginning on or before December 31, 2025 and ending before December 31, 2026. While we expect our effective income tax rate and cash income tax payments could increase in future years as a result of the global minimum tax, we do not anticipate a material impact to our fiscal 2025 consolidated results of operations. Our assessment could be affected by legislative guidance and future enactment of additional provisions within the Pillar Two framework. We are closely monitoring developments and evaluating the impact these new rules are anticipated to have on our tax rate, including eligibility to qualify for these safe harbor rules.