The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” and FASB ASC Topic 825, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which provides a framework for measuring and disclosing fair value under generally accepted accounting principles. FASB ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of assets and liabilities recognized in the balance sheet in periods subsequent to initial recognition, whether the measurements are made on a recurring basis (for example, AFS investment securities) or on a nonrecurring basis (for example, specifically reserved loans).

FASB ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. AFS securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Under FASB ASC Topic 820, the Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine the fair value. These hierarchy levels are:

Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. Transfers in and out of level 3 during a quarter are disclosed. There were no such transfers during the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

AFS investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities ("GSEs"), municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level

Equity securities carried at fair value through income are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 equity securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 equity securities include mutual funds with asset-backed securities issued by GSEs as the underlying investment supporting the fund. Equity securities classified as Level 3 include mutual funds with asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

The Company has elected to carry loans held for sale at fair value. This election reduces certain timing differences in the Consolidated Statement of Income and better aligns with the management of the portfolio from a business perspective. Fair value is derived from secondary market quotations for similar instruments. Gains and losses on sales of residential mortgage loans are recorded as a component of noninterest income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As such, loans subjected to fair value adjustments are classified as Level 2 valuation.

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis; however, from time to time, a loan is individually evaluated, and an ACL is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan are segregated individually. Management estimates the fair value of individually evaluated loans using one of several methods, including the collateral value, market value of similar debt, and discounted cash flows. Individually evaluated loans not requiring an allowance represent loans for which the fair value of expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investment in such loans. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, substantially all of the individually evaluated loans were evaluated based upon the fair value of the collateral.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral (loans with impairment) require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value of the impaired loan is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. Fair value is re-assessed at least quarterly or more frequently when circumstances occur that indicate a change in the fair value. The fair values of impaired loans that are not measured based on collateral values are measured using discounted cash flows and considered to be Level 3 inputs.

OREO is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the foreclosed asset at nonrecurring Level 3.

The mortgage banking derivative comprises interest rate lock commitments for residential loans to be sold on a best-efforts basis. The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Bank's interest rate lock commitments is the pull-through rate, which represents the percentage of loans currently in a lock position which management estimates will ultimately close. The pull-through rate is estimated based on mortgage banking activity in 2022 and 2021. All interest rate lock commitments are considered to be Level 3.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2022
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
MBS	$	113,670	$	—	$	113,670	$	—
CMOs	159,413		—		159,413		—
U.S. Agency	12,356		—		12,356		—
Asset-backed securities issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	12,206		—		12,206		—
Student Loan Trust ABSs	47,312		—		47,312		—

Municipal bonds	79,618		—		79,618		—
Corporate bonds	4,404		—		4,404		—
U.S. government obligations	33,767		—		33,767		—
Total AFS securities	$	462,746	$	—	$	462,746	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,286	$	—	$	4,286	$	—
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	207	$	—	$	207	$	—


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2021
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
MBS	$	119,916	$	—	$	119,916	$	—
CMOs	197,123		—		197,123		—
U.S. Agency	14,304		—		14,304		—
Asset-backed securities issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	221		—		221		—
Student Loan Trust ABSs	56,574		—		56,574		—

Municipal bonds	92,841		—		92,841		—

U.S. government obligations	16,860		—		16,860		—
Total AFS securities	$	497,839	$	—	$	497,839	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,772	$	—	$	4,772	$	—
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	207	$	—	$	207	$	—
Mortgage banking derivatives
Interest rate lock commitments	$	28	$	—	$	—	$	28

The Company may be required to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Loans with an allowance have unpaid principal balances of $0.1 million and $0.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The fair values of these loans were zero for both periods. There were no other assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following tables provide information describing the unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. There were no Level 3 recurring assets or liabilities at December 31, 2022.

December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

Description of Asset

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Interest rate lock commitments

Freddie Mac pricing of loans with comparable terms

Pull-through rate

0% - 100% - 75%