FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” and FASB ASC Topic 825, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which provides a framework for measuring and disclosing fair value under generally accepted accounting principles. FASB ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of assets and liabilities recognized in the balance sheet in periods subsequent to initial recognition, whether the measurements are made on a recurring basis (for example, available for sale investment securities) or on a nonrecurring basis (for example, impaired loans).

FASB ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Under FASB ASC Topic 820, the Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine the fair value. These hierarchy levels are:

Level 1 inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. Transfers in and out of level 3 during a quarter are disclosed. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 in the fair value hierarchy during the three months ending September 30, 2019.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Securities Available for Sale

Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities (“GSEs”), municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level 3 include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Equity Securities Carried at Fair Value Through Income

Equity securities carried at fair value through income are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 equity securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 equity securities include mutual funds with asset-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities (“GSEs”) as the underlying investment supporting the fund. Equity securities classified as Level 3 include mutual funds with asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Loans Receivable

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis; however, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan loss is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan are considered impaired. Management estimates the fair value of impaired loans using one of several methods, including the collateral value, market value of similar debt, or discounted cash flows. Impaired loans not requiring a specific allowance represent loans for which the fair value of expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investment in such loans. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, substantially all of the impaired loans were evaluated based upon the fair value of the collateral.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral (loans with impairment) require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value of the impaired loan is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. Fair value is re-assessed at least quarterly or more frequently when circumstances occur that indicate a change in the fair value. The fair values of impaired loans that are not measured based on collateral values are measured using discounted cash flows and considered to be Level 3 inputs.

Other Real Estate Owned

OREO is adjusted for fair value upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the foreclosed asset at nonrecurring Level 3.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 measured at fair value on a recurring basis.



(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available for sale securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
CMOs	$	108,194	$	—	$	108,194	$	—
MBS	11,792		—		11,792		—
U.S. Agency	11,302		—		11,302		—
Total available for sale securities	$	131,288	$	—	$	131,288	$	—
Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,665	$	—	$	4,665	$	—



(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Available for sale securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
CMOs	$	100,740	$	—	100,740		$	—
MBS	7,361		—		7,361		—
U.S. Agency	11,875		—		11,875		—
Total available for sale securities	$	119,976	$	—	$	119,976	$	—
Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,428	$	—	$	4,428	$	—

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were included in the tables below.



(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans with impairment
Commercial real estate	$	4,355	$	—	$	—	$	4,355
Other real estate owned	$	10,195	$	—	$	—	$	10,195



(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2018
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans with impairment
Commercial real estate	$	2,699	$	—	$	—	$	2,699
Commercial loans	163		—		—		163
Commercial equipment	25		—		—		25
Total loans with impairment	$	2,887	$	—	$	—	$	2,887
Other real estate owned	$	8,111	$	—	$	—	$	8,111

Loans with impairment had unpaid principal balances of $5.8 million and $4.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

The following tables provide information describing the unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.



September 30, 2019	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)
Description of Asset
Loans with impairment	$	4,355	Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value	Management discount for property type and current market conditions	0%-50% (25%)

Other real estate owned	$	10,195	Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value	Management discount for property type and current market conditions	0%-50% (16%)



December 31, 2018	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)
Description of Asset
Loans with impairment	$	2,887	Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value	Management discount for property type and current market conditions	0%-50% (29%)

Other real estate owned	$	8,111	Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value	Management discount for property type and current market conditions	0%-50% (14%)