Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 29, 2018

We report based on a 52 or 53-week fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to December 31. Our fiscal 2018, 2017, and 2016 were 52-week years that ended December 29, 2018, December 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016 respectively. Our fiscal 2019 will be a 52-week year and will end on December 28, 2019. All references to quarterly or yearly financial results are references to the results for the relevant fiscal period.

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Lattice and its subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and classification of assets, such as marketable securities, accounts receivable, contract assets (included in prepaid expenses and other current assets), inventory, goodwill (including the assessment of reporting units), intangible assets, current and deferred income taxes, accrued liabilities (including restructuring charges and bonus arrangements), disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, amounts used in acquisition valuations and purchase accounting, impairment assessments, the fair value of equity awards, and the reported amounts of product revenue, licensing and services revenue, and expenses during the fiscal periods presented. Because of the uncertainty inherent in these matters, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

We consider all investments that are readily convertible into cash and that have original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments in time deposits or money market accounts and are carried at cost. We account for marketable securities as available-for-sale investments, as defined by U.S. GAAP, and record unrealized gains or losses to Accumulated other comprehensive loss on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, unless losses are considered other than temporary, in which case, those are recorded directly to the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. Deposits with financial institutions at times exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We invest in various financial instruments, which may include corporate and government bonds, notes, and commercial paper. We value these instruments at their fair value and monitor our portfolio for impairment on a periodic basis. In the event that the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, we would record an impairment charge and establish a new carrying value. We assess other-than-temporary impairment of marketable securities in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements.” The framework under the provisions of ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Each level of input has different levels of subjectivity and difficulty involved in determining fair value.

Level 1 instruments generally represent quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Therefore, determining fair value for Level 1 instruments generally does not require significant management judgment, and the estimation is not difficult. Our Level 1 instruments consist of U.S. Government agency obligations, corporate notes and bonds, and commercial paper that are traded in active markets and are classified as Short-term marketable securities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Level 2 instruments include inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical instruments in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Our Level 2 instruments consist of foreign currency exchange contracts, entered into to hedge against fluctuation in the Japanese yen.

Level 3 instruments include unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. As a result, the determination of fair value for Level 3 instruments requires significant management judgment and subjectivity. We did not have any Level 3 instruments during the periods presented.

Foreign Exchange and Translation of Foreign Currencies

While our revenues and the majority of our expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars, we have international subsidiaries and branch operations that conduct some transactions in foreign currencies, and we collect an annual Japanese consumption tax refund in yen. Gains or losses from foreign exchange rate fluctuations on balances denominated in foreign currencies are reflected in Other (expense) income, net. Realized gains or losses on foreign currency transactions were not significant for the periods presented.

We translate accounts denominated in foreign currencies in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters,” using the current rate method under which asset and liability accounts are translated at the current rate, while stockholders' equity accounts are translated at the appropriate historical rates, and revenue and expense accounts are translated at average monthly exchange rates. Translation adjustments related to the consolidation of foreign subsidiary financial statements are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in Stockholders' equity (See our Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity).

Derivative Financial Instruments

We mitigate foreign currency exchange rate risk by entering into foreign currency forward exchange contracts, details of which are presented in the following table:



	December 29, 2018		December 30, 2017
Total cost of contracts for Japanese yen (in thousands)	$	1,955	$	2,204
Number of contracts	2		2
Settlement month	June 2019		June 2018

Although these hedges mitigate our foreign currency exchange rate exposure from an economic perspective, they were not designated as "effective" hedges under U.S. GAAP and as such are adjusted to fair value through Other (expense) income, net, with gains of approximately $0.1 million for each of the years ended December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Concentration Risk

Potential exposure to concentration risk may impact revenue, trade receivables, marketable securities, and supply of wafers for our new products.

Customer concentration risk may impact revenue. The percentage of total revenue attributable to our top five identified end customers and largest identified end customer is presented in the following table:



	Year Ended
	December 29, 2018		December 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Revenue attributable to top five end customers	18	%	26	%	27	%
Revenue attributable to largest end customer	6.1	%	7.3	%	9.9	%

No end customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue during these periods. We did not have enough information to assign end customers to approximately $14.1 million of revenue recognized for fiscal 2018 on shipments to distributors that have not sold through to end customers.

Distributors have historically accounted for a significant portion of our total revenue. Our two largest distributor groups, Arrow Electronics, Inc. ("Arrow") and the Weikeng Group ("Weikeng"), each account for substantial portions of our total revenue and our net trade receivables. Revenue attributable to distributors as a percentage of total revenue is presented in the following table:



	Year Ended
	December 29, 2018		December 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Arrow Electronics Inc.	29	%	24	%	24	%
Weikeng Group	25		27		22
All others	29		26		27
Revenue attributable to distributors*	83	%	77	%	73	%



*	During the first quarter of 2018, we updated our channel categories to group all forms of distribution into a single channel. Prior periods have been reclassified to match the current period presentation.

At December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, Arrow accounted for 41% and 66%, respectively, and Weikeng accounted for 23% and 0%, respectively, of net trade receivables. No other distributor group or end customer accounted for more than 10% of net trade receivables at these dates.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is mitigated by our credit and collection process including active management of collections, credit limits, routine credit evaluations for essentially all customers, and secure transactions with letters of credit or advance payments where appropriate. We regularly review our allowance for doubtful accounts and the aging of our accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable do not bear interest and are shown net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $0.2 million and $9.4 million at December 29, 2018 and December 30, 2017, respectively. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on assessment of known troubled accounts, analysis of the aging of our accounts receivable, historical experience, management judgment, and other currently available evidence. We write off accounts receivable against the allowance when we determine a balance is uncollectible and no longer actively pursue collection of the receivable. During fiscal 2018, we wrote off $9.0 million of accounts receivable from a bankrupt distributor group. This write off had no impact on Accounts Receivable in fiscal 2018, as we had recorded a full allowance against our accounts receivable, net of deferred revenue, from the bankrupt distributor group in fiscal 2016, resulting in an increase in allowance for doubtful accounts of $9.0 million and bad debt expense of $7.5 million in that fiscal year. Bad debt expense was negligible for both fiscal 2018 and 2017.

We place our investments primarily through one financial institution and mitigate the concentration of credit risk by limiting the maximum portion of the investment portfolio which may be invested in any one instrument. Our investment policy defines approved credit ratings for investment securities. Investments on-hand in marketable securities consisted primarily of money market instruments and U.S. government agency obligations. See "Note 4 - Marketable Securities" for a discussion of the liquidity attributes of our marketable securities.

We rely on a limited number of foundries for our wafer purchases including Fujitsu Limited, Seiko Epson Corporation, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd, and United Microelectronics Corporation. We seek to mitigate the concentration of supply risk by establishing, maintaining and managing multiple foundry relationships; however, certain of our products are sourced from a single foundry and changing from one foundry to another can have a significant cost, among other factors.

Inventories and Cost of Product Revenue

Inventories are recorded at the lower of average cost determined on a first-in-first-out basis or market. We establish provisions for inventory if it is obsolete or we hold quantities which are in excess of projected customer demand. The creation of such provisions results in a write-down of inventory to net realizable value and a charge to cost of product revenue. Shipping and handling costs are included in Cost of product revenue in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally three to five years for equipment and software, one to three years for tooling, and thirty years for buildings and building space. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the non-cancelable lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Upon disposal of property and equipment, the accounts are relieved of the costs and related accumulated depreciation and amortization, and resulting gains or losses are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for recognized gains and losses, or in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for deferred gains and losses. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Equity Investments in Privately Held Companies

Equity investments in privately held companies that we are not required to consolidate are accounted for under the cost method, as assessed under ASC 325-20, "Cost Method Investments." These investments are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine if their values have been impaired and adjustments are recorded as necessary. We assess the potential impairment of these investments by applying a fair value analysis using a revenue multiple approach. Declines in value that are judged to be other-than-temporary are reported in Other (expense) income, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations with a commensurate decrease in the carrying value of the investment (see "Note 11 - Cost Method Investment and Collaborative Arrangement"). Upon disposition of these investments, the specific identification method is used to determine the cost basis in computing realized gains or losses.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets, are carried on our financial statements based on their cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization. We monitor the carrying value of our long-lived assets for potential impairment and test the recoverability of such assets annually during the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances, including management decisions pertaining to such assets, are referred to as impairment indicators. If an impairment indicator occurs, we perform a test of recoverability by comparing the carrying value of the asset group to its undiscounted expected future cash flows. If the carrying values are in excess of undiscounted expected future cash flows, we measure any impairment by comparing the fair value of the asset group to its carrying value. Fair value is generally determined by considering (i) internally developed discounted projected cash flow analysis of the asset group; (ii) actual third-party valuations; and/or (iii) information available regarding the current market for similar asset groups. If the fair value of the asset group is determined to be less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment in the amount of the difference is recorded in the period that the impairment indicator occurs and is included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Estimating future cash flows requires significant judgment and projections may vary from the cash flows eventually realized, which could impact our ability to accurately assess whether an asset has been impaired. The results of our assessments are detailed in "Note 10 - Impairment of Acquired Intangible Assets.

Valuation of Goodwill

Goodwill is an asset representing the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. We review goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. When evaluating whether goodwill is impaired, we make a qualitative assessment to determine if it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's fair value is less than the carrying amount. If the qualitative assessment determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value (including goodwill). If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then goodwill impairment exists for the reporting unit. The impairment loss, if any, is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no further impairment analysis is needed. For purposes of testing goodwill for impairment, we currently operate as a single reporting unit: the core Lattice ("Core") business, which includes intellectual property and semiconductor devices. The results of our assessments are detailed in "Note 8 - Discontinuation of Business Unit, Sales of Assets and Business Units, and Goodwill.

Leases

The following describes our lease policy during fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2019, we will adopt ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). See "New Accounting Pronouncements" later in this Note 1 for a discussion of the impact of adoption on our accounting for leases.

We lease office space and classify our leases as either operating or capital lease arrangements in accordance with the criteria of ASC 840, “Leases.” Certain of our office space operating leases contain provisions under which monthly rent escalates over time and certain leases may also contain provisions for reimbursement of a specified amount of leasehold improvements. When lease agreements contain escalating rent clauses, we recognize expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. When lease agreements provide allowances for leasehold improvements, we capitalize the leasehold improvement assets and amortize them on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset, and reduce rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease by the amount of the asset capitalized.

Restructuring Charges

Expenses associated with exit or disposal activities are recognized when incurred under ASC 420, “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations,” for everything but severance. When leased facilities are vacated, an amount equal to the total future lease obligations from the date of vacating the premises through the expiration of the lease, net of any future sublease income, is recorded as a part of restructuring charges. Expenses from other exit or disposal activities, including the cancellation of software contracts and engineering tools or the abandonment of long lived assets, is recorded as a part of restructuring charges. Because we have a history of paying severance benefits, the cost of severance benefits associated with a restructuring plan is recorded when such costs are probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated in accordance with ASC 712, “Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits.”

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include costs for compensation and benefits, development masks, engineering wafers, depreciation, licenses, and outside engineering services. These expenditures are for the design of new products, intellectual property cores, processes, packaging, and software to support new products. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Accounting for Income Taxes

Our provision for income tax is comprised of our current tax liability and changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the difference is expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that in management’s judgment is more-likely-than-not to be recoverable against future taxable income. The determination of a valuation allowance and when it should be released requires complex judgment.

In assessing the ability to realize deferred tax assets, we evaluate both positive and negative evidence that may exist and consider whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Any adjustment to the net deferred tax asset valuation allowance is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period that the adjustment is determined to be required.

Our income tax calculations are based on application of the respective U.S. federal, state or foreign tax law. Our tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the relevant tax authorities. Accordingly, we recognize tax liabilities based upon our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally accrued, the increases or decreases as well as any interest or penalties are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

U.S. tax reform required a deemed repatriation of foreign earnings as of December 30, 2017 and no future U.S. taxes will be due on these earnings because of enactment of a 100% dividends received deduction. Foreign earnings may be subject to withholding taxes in local jurisdictions if they are distributed and repatriated to Lattice in the United States.

Stock-Based Compensation

We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of substantially all share-based awards consistent with the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation.” Option pricing models, including the Black-Scholes model, require the use of input assumptions, including expected volatility, expected term, expected dividend rate, and expected risk-free rate of return. The assumptions for expected volatility and expected term most significantly affect the grant date fair value.

We have also granted stock options and RSUs with a market condition to certain executives. We determined and fixed the fair value of the awards with a market condition using a lattice-based option-pricing model. The valuation of these awards incorporated a Monte-Carlo simulation, and considered the likelihood that we would achieve the market condition. The awards with a market condition generally have a two- or three-year vesting period and vest between 0% and 250% of the target amount, based on the Company's relative Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") when compared to the TSR of a component of companies of the PHLX Semiconductor Sector Index over the measurement period. TSR is a measure of stock price appreciation plus dividends paid, if any, in the performance period. We have also granted RSUs with a performance condition to our President and Chief Executive Officer, which will vest and become payable based upon the Company’s generating specified “adjusted” EBITDA levels on a trailing four-quarter basis in any two consecutive trailing four-quarter periods. We valued the RSUs with a performance condition using the market price on the day of grant.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires the recognition of assets and liabilities arising from lease transactions on the balance sheet and will also require significant additional disclosures about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows from leases. Substantially all leases, including current operating leases, will be recognized by lessees on their balance sheet as a lease asset for its right to use the underlying asset and a lease liability for the corresponding lease obligation. For public business entities, the standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We will adopt this standard on its effective date. ASU 2016-02 initially required entities to adopt the standard using a modified retrospective transition method. In July 2018, the FASB issued certain updates including ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provide optional transition practical expedients allowing companies to adopt the new standard with a cumulative effect adjustment as of the beginning of the year of adoption with prior year comparative financial information and disclosures remaining as previously reported. We plan to elect this optional practical expedient, and do not expect a material adjustment to beginning retained earnings.

We evaluated the transition and presentation approaches available as well as the impact of the new guidance on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures, including the increase in the assets and liabilities on our balance sheet, and the impact on our current lease portfolio from both a lessor and lessee perspective. To facilitate this, we utilized a comprehensive approach to review our lease portfolio, as well as assessed system requirements and control implications. We expect to elect the ‘package of practical expedients’ that would allow us to carryforward our historical lease classifications, not reassess historical contracts to determine if they contain leases, and not reassess the initial direct costs for any existing leases. We also expect to elect further practical expedients that allow companies to account for leases based on the class of the underlying asset and not separate lease and non-lease components, and to not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases whose term to maturity upon inception is less than 12 months. Adoption of ASU 2016-02 is expected to result in the recognition of additional right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases in the range of $25 million to $30 million. We do not expect the new standard to have a material impact on our consolidated income statement, cash flows, or liquidity measures.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements and simplifies the application of the hedge accounting guidance. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The new guidance allows an entity to reclassify the income tax effects of the Public Law 115-97 "An Act to Provide Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018", commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Job Act of 2017 (the "2017 Tax Act") on items within accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to accumulated deficit. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The new standard must be adopted retrospectively to each period in which a taxpayer recognizes the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from the 2017 Tax Act. We are currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-02 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which largely aligns the measurement and classification guidance for share-based payments to nonemployees with the guidance for share-based payments to employees. The ASU also clarifies that any share-based payment issued to a customer should be evaluated under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The ASU requires a modified retrospective transition approach. This new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard update to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the impact of ASU 2018-15 on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Revenue recognition

We recognize revenue under the core principle of depicting the transfer of control to our customers in an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to be entitled. In order to achieve that core principle, we apply the following five step approach, as further described below: (1) identify the contract with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when applicable performance obligations are satisfied.

Product Revenue

Identify the contract with a customer - Our product revenues consist of sales to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and distributors. We consider customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. In certain cases we consider firm forecasts that are agreed to by both us and the customer to be contracts. For sales to distributors, we have concluded that our contracts are with the distributor, rather than with the distributor’s end customer, as we hold a contract bearing enforceable rights and obligations only with the distributor. As part of our consideration of the contract, we evaluate certain factors including the customer’s ability to pay (or credit risk).

Identify the performance obligations in the contract - For each contract, we consider our promise to transfer each distinct product to be the identified performance obligations.

Determine the transaction price - In determining the transaction price, we evaluate whether the set contract price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which we expect to be entitled. As our standard payment terms are less than one year, we have elected to apply the practical expedient to not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component.

Sales to most distributors are made under terms allowing certain price adjustments and limited rights of return of our products held in their inventory or upon sale to their end customers. Revenue from sales to distributors is recognized upon the transfer of control to the distributor, which generally occurs upon shipment of product to the distributor. Frequently, distributors need to sell at a price lower than the standard distribution price in order to win business. At the time the distributor invoices its customer or soon thereafter, the distributor submits a “ship and debit” price adjustment claim to us to adjust the distributor’s cost from the standard price to the pre-approved lower price. After we verify that the claim was pre-approved, we issue a credit memo to the distributor for the ship and debit claim. In determining the transaction price, we consider ship and debit price adjustments to be variable consideration. Such price adjustments are estimated using the expected value method based on an analysis of historical ship and debit claims, at the distributor and product level, over a period of time considered adequate to account for current pricing and business trends, typically 6 months. Any differences between the estimated consideration and the actual amount received from the customer is recorded in the period that the actual consideration becomes known. Most of our distributors are entitled to limited rights of return, referred to as stock rotation, not to exceed 5% of billings, net of returns and ship and debit price adjustments. Stock rotation reserves are based on historical return rates and recorded as a reduction to revenue with a corresponding reduction to cost of goods sold for the estimated cost of inventory that we expect to be returned.

Sales to OEMs and certain distributors are made under terms that do not include rights of return or price concessions after we ship the product. Accordingly, the transaction price equals the invoice price and there is no variable consideration.

Allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract - Because our product revenue contracts generally include the delivery of a certain quantity of semiconductors as the single performance obligation, we do not allocate revenue across distinct performance obligations. However, we frequently receive orders for products to be delivered over multiple dates that may extend across several reporting periods. We invoice for each delivery upon shipment and recognize revenues for each distinct product delivered, assuming transfer of control has occurred. Payment term for invoices are generally 30 to 60 days.

Recognize revenue when applicable performance obligations are satisfied - Revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when our performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment. In determining whether control has transferred, we also consider if there is a present right to payment and legal title, along with whether the risks and rewards of ownership have transferred to the customer. We have certain vendor-managed inventory arrangements with certain OEM customers whereby we ship product into an inventory hub location but for which control does not transfer until the customer consumes the inventory. In such cases, we recognize revenue upon customer consumption.

Licensing and Services Revenue

Identify the contract with a customer - Our Licensing and services revenue is comprised of revenue from our intellectual property ("IP") core licensing activity, patent monetization activities, design services, and royalty and adopter fee revenue from our standards activities. These activities are complementary to our product sales and help us to monetize our IP associated with our technology and standards. We consider licensing arrangements with our customers to be the contract.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract - For each contract, we consider the promise to deliver a license that grants the customer the right to use the IP, as well as any professional services provided under the contract, as distinct performance obligations.

Determine the transaction price - Our HDMI and MHL standards revenue, as well as certain IP licenses, include variable consideration in the form of usage-based royalties. We apply the provisions of ASC 606 in accounting for these types of arrangements, whereby we do not include estimated royalties in the transaction price at the origination of the contract but rather recognize royalty revenue as usage occurs.

HDMI royalty revenue is determined by a contractual allocation formula agreed to by the Founders of the HDMI consortium. The contractual allocation formula is subject to periodic adjustment, generally every three years. The most recent royalty sharing formula covered the period from January 1, 2014 through December 31, 2016, and an interim agreement covering the period from January 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017 was signed in the second quarter of fiscal 2018. However, a new agreement covering the period beginning January 1, 2018 is yet to be signed. While a new royalty sharing agreement is being negotiated with the other Founders of the HDMI consortium, the HDMI agent is unable to distribute the majority of the royalties collected to the Founders. We are recording revenue based on our estimated share of the royalties, which we determine using an analytical model that combines historical and forecasted collection trends with our expected share of those collections. This estimate will be adjusted once the Founders finalize the agreement for the period beginning January 1, 2018.

Allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract - For contracts that include multiple performance obligations (most commonly those that include licenses and professional services, but which also may include inventory), we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on the best estimate of the standalone selling price of each obligation. We do not believe that the judgments regarding the allocation of revenue on licensing arrangements are material to our financial statements.

Recognize revenue when applicable performance obligations are satisfied - We recognize license revenue at the point in time that control of the license transfers to the customer, which is generally upon delivery. We recognize professional service revenue as we perform the services. Royalty revenues are recognized as customers sell products that include our IP and are legally obligated to remit royalties to us. We receive payments from customers based on contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 days.