10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from        to        

Commission File Number: 001-13357

Royal Gold, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	84-0835164
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation)	Identification No.)
1144 15th Street, Suite 2500
Denver, Colorado	80202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (303) 573-1660

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of the Exchange on which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	RGLD	Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐  No ☒

There were 65,637,291 shares of Royal Gold common stock outstanding as of October 28, 2021.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Royal Gold, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is collectively referred to as “Royal Gold,” “we,” “us,” or “our.”

INDEX

		PAGE
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income	4
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	6
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	27
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	27
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
SIGNATURES		30

2

ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands except share data)

	September 30,		June 30,
	2021		2021
ASSETS
Cash and equivalents	$	160,208	$	225,916
Royalty receivables		52,959		47,242
Income tax receivable		4,081		4,520
Stream inventory		12,222		17,684
Prepaid expenses and other		2,613		1,773
Total current assets		232,083		297,135
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 3)		2,476,630		2,262,158
Other assets		96,964		92,312
Total assets	$	2,805,677	$	2,651,605
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	5,471	$	6,398
Dividends payable		19,690		19,681
Income tax payable		23,933		14,479
Other current liabilities		11,170		11,525
Total current liabilities		60,264		52,083
Debt (Note 5)		95,403		—
Deferred tax liabilities		87,687		88,000
Uncertain tax positions		890		910
Other liabilities		6,920		7,197
Total liabilities		251,164		148,190
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
EQUITY
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; and 0 shares issued		—		—
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; and 65,563,802 and 65,551,061 shares outstanding, respectively		656		656
Additional paid-in capital		2,204,457		2,203,863
Accumulated earnings		336,734		286,249
Total Royal Gold stockholders’ equity		2,541,847		2,490,768
Non-controlling interests		12,666		12,647
Total equity		2,554,513		2,503,415
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,805,677	$	2,651,605

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands except share data)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Revenue (Note 6)	$	174,431		146,880
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales (excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization)		27,230		21,902
General and administrative		7,129		7,454
Production taxes		2,054		1,355
Exploration costs		—		563
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		50,611		46,300
Total costs and expenses		87,024		77,574
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		33,906
Operating income		87,407		103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities		176		2,539
Interest and other income		819		421
Interest and other expense		(1,908)		(1,875)
Income before income taxes		86,494		104,297
Income tax (expense) benefit		(16,028)		2,377
Net income and comprehensive income		70,466		106,674
Net (income) loss and comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests		(290)		265
Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$	70,176	$	106,939
Net income per share attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders:
Basic earnings per share	$	1.07	$	1.63
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		65,556,608		65,537,714
Diluted earnings per share	$	1.07	$	1.63
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		65,627,845		65,632,689
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.30	$	0.28

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

Three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

(unaudited, amounts in thousands except share data)

	Royal Gold Stockholders
				Additional
	Common Shares			Paid-In		Accumulated		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Interests		Equity
Balance at June 30, 2021	65,551,061	$	656	$	2,203,863	$	286,249	$	12,647	$	2,503,415
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances	12,741		—		594		—		—		594
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		(271)		(271)
Net income and comprehensive income	—		—		—		70,176		290		70,466
Dividends declared	—		—		—		(19,691)		—		(19,691)
Balance at September 30, 2021	65,563,802	$	656	$	2,204,457	$	336,734	$	12,666	$	2,554,513
	Royal Gold Stockholders
				Additional
	Common Shares			Paid-In		Accumulated		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Interests		Equity
Balance at June 30, 2020	65,631,288	$	655	$	2,210,429	$	61,133	$	29,902	$	2,302,119
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances	14,318		1		105		—		—		106
Sale of Peak Gold JV interest	—		—		(10,829)		—		(16,218)		(27,047)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		(261)		(261)
Net income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		106,939		(265)		106,674
Dividends declared	—		—		—		(18,370)		—		(18,370)
Balance at September 30, 2020	65,645,606	$	656	$	2,199,705	$	149,702	$	13,158	$	2,363,221

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income and comprehensive income	$	70,466	$	106,674
Adjustments to reconcile net income and comprehensive income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization		50,611		46,300
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		(33,906)
Non-cash employee stock compensation expense		1,503		1,493
Fair value changes in equity securities		(176)		(2,539)
Deferred tax benefit		(396)		(10,545)
Other		845		111
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Royalty receivables		(5,718)		(5,884)
Stream inventory		5,463		(5,488)
Income tax receivable		439		(1,864)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(1,026)		260
Accounts payable		(927)		(235)
Income tax payable		9,454		12,408
Uncertain tax positions		(20)		(12,196)
Other liabilities		(633)		(437)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	129,885	$	94,152
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of stream and royalty interests		(265,000)		(11,304)
Khoemacau subordinated debt facility		(7,000)		—
Proceeds from sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		49,154
Proceeds from sale of Contango shares		—		12,146
Other		(733)		(339)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(272,733)	$	49,657
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt		—		(30,000)
Borrowings from revolving credit facility		100,000		—
Net payments from issuance of common stock		(909)		(1,389)
Common stock dividends		(19,682)		(18,365)
Other		(2,269)		(67)
Net provided by (used in) financing activities	$	77,140	$	(49,821)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and equivalents		(65,708)		93,988
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		225,916		319,128
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	160,208	$	413,116

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Royal Gold is engaged in the business of acquiring and managing precious metals streams, royalties and similar interests. We seek to acquire existing stream and royalty interests or to finance projects that are in production or in the development stage in exchange for stream or royalty interests. A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more metals produced from a mine at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Royalties are non-operating interests in a mining project that provide the right to revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting contractually specified costs, if any.

Change in Fiscal Year End

On August 9, 2021, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from June 30 to December 31, effective as of December 31, 2021. As a result, we expect to file a Transitional Report on Form 10-KT in early 2022 for the six-month transition period from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation of our interim financial statements have been included in this Form 10-Q. Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the six-month transition period ending December 31, 2021. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021 10-K”).

Recent Accounting Standards

We have evaluated all the recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standards-setting bodies through the filing date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements and do not believe the future adoption of any such standards will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2.    ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Red Chris Royalty Acquisition

On August 11, 2021, we acquired a 1.0% net smelter return royalty covering approximately 5,100 hectares, which includes the currently known mineralization and prospective exploration areas of the Red Chris Mine in British Columbia, Canada. We paid $165 million in cash consideration for the royalty to Glencore Canada Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Glencore International AG.

The Red Chris Mine is an operating open pit mine producing gold, copper and silver, and is located on the northern edge of the Skeena Mountains. The mine is owned and operated by a joint venture (the “Red Chris JV”), which is owned 70% by Newcrest Mining Ltd. (“Newcrest”) and 30% by Imperial Metals Corporation, in which Newcrest is the operator.

The Red Chris royalty acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The $165 million cash consideration, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage royalty interests (Note 3) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Approximately $116.1 million and $48.9 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage royalty interest, respectively, as of September 30,

7

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

2021. The acquisition cost of the production stage Red Chris royalty will be depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by Newcrest.

NX Gold Mine Gold Stream Acquisition

On June 30, 2021, we announced that we entered into a precious metals purchase agreement for gold produced from the operating underground NX Gold Mine in Brazil (“NX Gold Stream”) with Ero Gold Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ero Copper Corporation, and certain of its affiliates (together, “Ero”).

On August 6, 2021, we made an advance payment of $100 million upon closing the transaction. In exchange for the consideration provided, we will receive 25% of the gold produced from the NX Gold Mine until the delivery of 93,000 ounces, and 10% thereafter. We will pay 20% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered until the delivery of 49,000 ounces, and 40% of the spot gold price thereafter. Per the purchase agreement, we may make up to an additional $10 million of advance payments from the beginning of calendar 2022 through the end of calendar 2024 based on Ero meeting success-based targets related to regional exploration and resource additions.

The NX Gold Stream has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The $100 million advance payment, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage stream interests (Note 3) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Approximately $54.9 million and $45.1 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage stream interest, respectively, as of September 30, 2021.The acquisition cost of the production stage NX Gold Stream will be depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by Ero.

8

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

3.    STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

The following tables summarize our stream and royalty interests, net as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021.

As of September 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(320,831)	$	469,804
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(252,167)		358,237
Andacollo		388,182		(134,661)		253,521
Khoemacau		223,496		(78)		223,418
Rainy River		175,727		(46,106)		129,621
Wassa		146,475		(81,958)		64,517
Other		54,933		(2,420)		52,513
Total production stage stream interests		2,389,852		(838,221)		1,551,631
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(111,535)		94,189
Red Chris		116,105		—		116,105
Peñasquito		99,172		(51,552)		47,620
Cortez		80,681		(21,368)		59,313
Other		442,995		(384,488)		58,507
Total production stage royalty interests		944,677		(568,943)		375,734
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		3,334,529		(1,407,164)		1,927,365
Development stage stream interests:
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,421		—		45,421
Other		54,756		—		54,756
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		112,214		—		112,214
Exploration stage stream interests:
NX Gold		45,067		—		45,067
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Red Chris		48,895		—		48,895
Côté		29,610				29,610
Other		135,789		—		135,789
Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests		437,051		—		437,051
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,883,794	$	(1,407,164)	$	2,476,630

9

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

As of June 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(300,378)	$	490,257
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(243,706)		366,698
Andacollo		388,182		(131,578)		256,604
Rainy River		175,727		(41,772)		133,955
Wassa		146,475		(78,865)		67,610
Total production stage stream interests		2,111,423		(796,299)		1,315,124
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(109,850)		95,874
Peñasquito		99,172		(50,176)		48,996
Cortez		80,681		(19,128)		61,553
Other		442,871		(381,191)		61,680
Total production stage royalty interests		828,448		(560,345)		268,103
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		2,939,871		(1,356,644)		1,583,227
Development stage stream interests:
Khoemacau		223,502		—		223,502
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,423		—		45,423
Other		54,755		—		54,755
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		335,717		—		335,717
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Côté		29,610		—		29,610
Other		135,914		—		135,914
Total exploration stage royalty interests		343,214		—		343,214
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,618,802	$	(1,356,644)	$	2,262,158

COVID-19 Pandemic

At times since early 2020, several of our operating counterparties have instituted temporary operational curtailments due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the pandemic and resulting economic and societal impacts have made it difficult for operators to forecast expected production amounts and, at times, operators have had to withdraw or revise previously disclosed guidance. For the most part, our results of operations and financial condition have not been materially impacted by these measures to date. However, the effects of the pandemic will ultimately depend on many factors that are outside of our control, including the severity and duration of the pandemic, government and operator actions in response to the pandemic, and the development, availability, and public acceptance of effective treatments and vaccines. As a result, we are currently unable to predict the nature or extent of any future impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We continue to monitor the impact of developments associated with the pandemic on stream and royalty interests as part of our regular asset impairment analysis.

4.  MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

As of September 30, 2021, our marketable equity securities include warrants to purchase up to 19,640,000 common shares of TriStar Gold Inc. Our marketable equity securities are measured at fair value (Note 11) each reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized in net income.

The fair value of our marketable equity securities increased $0.2 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and these changes are included in Fair value changes in equity securities on our consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income. The carrying value of our marketable equity

10

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

securities as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021, was $3.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and is included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

5.    DEBT

Our debt as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021, consists of the following:

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
	Principal		Debt Issuance Costs		Total		Principal		Debt Issuance Costs1		Total
		(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)
Revolving credit facility	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)
Total debt	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Revolving credit facility

As of September 30, 2021, we had $100 million outstanding and $900 million available under our revolving credit facility. The interest rate on borrowings under our revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2021, was LIBOR plus 1.10% for an all-in rate of 1.21%. Interest expense recognized on the revolving credit facility for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, was approximately $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and included interest on the outstanding borrowings and the amortization of the debt issuance costs. We were in compliance with each financial covenant (leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio) under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2021.

On July 7, 2021, we entered into a fourth amendment to our revolving credit facility dated June 2, 2017. The amendment extends the maturity date from June 3, 2024, to July 7, 2026, adds provisions to provide for the eventual replacement of LIBOR and makes certain changes to the lenders under the agreement.

On October 8, 2021, we repaid $50 million of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. This increased the amount available under our revolving credit facility to $950 million and decreased the amount outstanding to $50 million.

Royal Gold may repay any borrowings under the revolving credit facility at any time without premium or penalty.

6.    REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed below.

Stream Interests

A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more of the metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Gold, silver and copper received under our metal streaming agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective streaming agreement and our sales policy in effect at the time) commencing shortly after

11

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

receipt and purchase of the metal. We settle our forward sales contracts via physical delivery of the metal to the purchaser (our customer) on the settlement date specified in the contract. Under our forward sales contracts, there is a single performance obligation to sell a contractually specified volume of metal to the purchaser, and we satisfy this obligation at the point in time of physical delivery. Accordingly, revenue from our metal sales is recognized on the date of settlement, which is the date that control, custody and title to the metal transfer to the purchaser.

Royalty Interests

Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to a percentage of revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. We are entitled to payment for our royalty interest in a mining project based on a contractually specified commodity price (for example, a monthly or quarterly average spot price) for the period in which metal production occurs. As a royalty holder, we act as a passive entity in the production and operations of the mining project, and the third-party operator of the mining project is responsible for all mining activities, including subsequent marketing and delivery of all metal production to their ultimate customer. In all of our material royalty interest arrangements, we have concluded that we transfer control of our interest in the metal production to the operator at the point at which production occurs, and thus, the operator is our customer. We have further determined that the transfer of each unit of metal production comprising our royalty interest to the operator represents a separate performance obligation under the contract, and each performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time of metal production by the operator.  Accordingly, we recognize revenue attributable to our royalty interests in the period in which metal production occurs at the specified commodity price per the agreement, net of any contractually allowable offsite treatment, refining, transportation and, if applicable, mining costs.

Royalty Revenue Estimates

For a small number of our royalty interests, we may not receive, or be entitled to receive, payment information, including production information from the operator, for the period in which metal production occurred prior to issuance of our financial statements for that period. As a result, we may estimate revenue for these royalties based on available information, including public information, from the operator. If adequate information is not available from the operator or from other public sources before we issue our financial statements, we will recognize royalty revenue during the period in which the necessary payment information is received. Differences between estimates and actual amounts could differ significantly and are recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known. Please also refer to our “Use of Estimates” accounting policy discussed in our Fiscal 2021 10-K. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, royalty revenue that was estimated or was attributable to metal production for a period prior to September 30, 2021, was not material.  

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have identified two material revenue sources in our business: stream interests and royalty interests. These identified revenue sources are consistent with our reportable segments as discussed in Note 10.

12

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Gold	$	83,318	$	83,597
Silver		13,877		10,898
Copper		18,726		12,008
Total stream revenue	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Gold	$	43,417	$	26,904
Silver		3,952		3,441
Copper		4,967		4,060
Other		6,174		5,972
Total royalty revenue	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

Revenue attributable to our principal stream and royalty interests is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	Metal(s)	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Mount Milligan	Gold & Copper	$	53,455	$	34,620
Pueblo Viejo	Gold & Silver		27,198		31,270
Andacollo	Gold		11,601		23,509
Wassa	Gold		8,033		9,108
Khoemacau	Silver		107		—
Other	Gold & Silver		15,527		7,996
Total stream revenue		$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Cortez	Gold		17,101		5,684
Peñasquito	Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc	$	12,212	$	10,209
Other	Various		29,197		24,484
Total royalty revenue		$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue		$	174,431	$	146,880

Please refer to Note 10 for the geographical distribution of our revenue by reportable segment.

7.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

We recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Amounts in thousands)
Stock options	$	16	$	15
Stock appreciation rights		414		371
Restricted stock		1,116		997
Performance stock		(43)		110
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,503	$	1,493

Stock-based compensation expense is included within General and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

13

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, we granted the following stock-based compensation awards:

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Number of shares)
Stock options		—		2,860
Stock appreciation rights		—		64,100
Restricted stock		50,604		26,104
Performance stock (at maximum 200% attainment)		73,200		35,380
Total equity awards granted		123,804		128,444

As of September 30, 2021, unrecognized compensation expense (expressed in thousands below) and weighted-average vesting period for each of our stock-based compensation awards were as follows:

	Unrecognized		Weighted-
	compensation		average vesting
	expense		period (years)
Stock options	$	78		1.8
Stock appreciation rights		2,019		1.6
Restricted stock		8,237		2.9
Performance stock		5,565		2.6

8.    EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)

Basic EPS were computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Our unvested restricted stock awards contain non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate equally with common stock with respect to dividends issued or declared. Our unexercised stock option awards, unexercised stock-settled stock appreciation rights and unvested performance stock do not contain rights to dividends. Under the two-class method, the earnings used to determine basic EPS are reduced by an amount allocated to participating securities. Use of the two-class method has an immaterial impact on the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.

The following tables summarize the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the periods shown below (amounts in thousands, except share data):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$	70,176	$	106,939
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS		65,556,608		65,537,714
Effect of other dilutive securities		71,237		94,975
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS		65,627,845		65,632,689
Basic EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63
Diluted EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63

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ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

9.    INCOME TAXES

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Amounts in thousands, except rate)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	16,028	$	(2,377)
Effective tax rate		18.5%		(2.3)%

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, included discrete tax benefits attributable to the settlement of an uncertain tax position with a foreign jurisdiction and the release of a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets.  

10.    SEGMENT INFORMATION

We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Our long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
					Total stream						Total stream
	Stream		Royalty		and royalty		Stream		Royalty		and royalty
	interest		interest		interests, net		interest		interest		interests, net
Canada	$	599,425	$	415,213	$	1,014,638	$	624,212	$	252,547	$	876,759
Dominican Republic		358,237		—		358,237		366,698		—		366,698
Chile		253,521		224,116		477,637		256,604		224,116		480,720
Africa		287,935		321		288,256		291,112		321		291,433
Mexico		—		63,687		63,687		—		66,867		66,867
United States		—		110,153		110,153		—		112,817		112,817
Australia		—		27,788		27,788		—		28,117		28,117
Rest of world		109,618		26,616		136,234		12,038		26,709		38,747
Total	$	1,608,736	$	867,894	$	2,476,630	$	1,550,664	$	711,494	$	2,262,158

Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	115,921	$	27,230	$	—	$	41,922	$	46,769
Royalty interests		58,510		—		2,054		8,597		47,859
Total	$	174,431	$	27,230	$	2,054	$	50,519	$	94,628
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	106,503	$	21,902	$	—	$	39,027	$	45,574
Royalty interests		40,377		—		1,355		7,187		31,835
Total	$	146,880	$	21,902	$	1,355	$	46,214	$	77,409

(1) Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization

(2) Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

15

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
		2021		2020
Total segment gross profit	$	94,628	$	77,409
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses		7,129		7,454
Exploration costs		—		563
Depreciation and amortization		92		86
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		33,906
Operating income		87,407		103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities		176		2,539
Interest and other income		819		421
Interest and other expense		(1,908)		(1,875)
Income before income taxes	$	86,494	$	104,297

Our revenue by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream interests:
Canada	$	64,031	$	41,586
Dominican Republic		27,198		31,270
Chile		11,601		23,509
Africa		8,679		10,138
Rest of world		4,412		—
Total stream interests	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty interests:
United States	$	27,080	$	13,698
Mexico		15,427		11,577
Canada		6,402		7,410
Australia		6,917		4,542
Africa		602		750
Rest of world		2,082		2,400
Total royalty interests	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

11.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we utilize a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1:   Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

16

ROYAL GOLD, INC.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Level 2:   Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3:   Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

The following table sets forth our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) by level within the fair value hierarchy.

	As of September 30, 2021
			Fair Value
	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets (amounts in thousands):
Marketable equity securities(1)	$	3,258	$	3,258	$	—	$	3,258	$	—

(1) Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

The TriStar Gold Inc. warrants classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are model-derived (Black-Scholes) valuations in which the significant inputs are observable in active markets. The carrying value of our revolving credit facility (Note 5) approximates fair value as of September 30, 2021.

As of September 30, 2021, we had assets that, under certain conditions, are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis like those associated with stream and royalty interests, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if any of these assets are determined to be impaired. If recognition of these assets at their fair value becomes necessary, such measurements will be determined utilizing Level 3 inputs.  

12.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Khoemacau Silver Stream Acquisition

Option Silver Stream

As of September 30, 2021, Royal Gold has remaining committed funding of $42.4 million as part of our Khoemacau silver stream acquisition, which may be drawn at the election of Khoemacau Copper Mining (Pty.) Limited (“KCM”) prior to the completion of construction. Refer to our Fiscal 2021 10-K for further details on the Khoemacau silver stream acquisition and subordinated debt facility. Additionally, on October 8, 2021 we made an advance payment of $15.9 million toward the option stream which increased our right to receive payable silver produced from Khoemacau from a rate of 84% to 90% until delivery of approximately 36.0 million silver ounces, and 45% (from 42%) thereafter.

Subordinated Debt Facility

On July 7, 2021, KCM drew the remaining $7.0 million on the $25.0 million subordinated debt facility provided by Royal Gold. The subordinated debt facility has a term of seven years, carries interest at a rate of LIBOR +11% and requires mandatory repayment upon certain events. As of September 30, 2021, $25.0 million was outstanding on the subordinated debt facility and is included in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

Ilovica Gold Stream Acquisition

As of September 30, 2021, our conditional funding schedule of $163.75 million, as part of the Ilovica gold stream acquisition entered into in October 2014, remains subject to certain conditions.

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ITEM 2.     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General Presentation

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to provide information to assist you in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations.  You should read this MD&A in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Fiscal 2021 10-K.

This MD&A contains forward-looking information. You should review our important note about forward-looking statements following this MD&A.

We do not own, develop, or mine the properties on which we hold stream or royalty interests. Certain information provided in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q about operating properties in which we hold interests, including information about reserves, historical production, production estimates, property descriptions, and property developments, was provided to us by the operators of those properties or is publicly available information filed by these operators with applicable securities regulatory bodies, including the Securities and Exchange Commission. We have not verified, and are not in a position to verify, and expressly disclaim any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or fairness of, this third-party information and refer the reader to the public reports filed by the operators for information regarding those properties.

Overview of Our Business

We acquire and manage precious metal streams, royalties, and similar interests. We seek to acquire existing stream and royalty interests or finance projects that are in production or in the development stage in exchange for stream or royalty interests.

We manage our business under two segments:

● Acquisition and Management of Stream Interests — A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. As of September 30, 2021, we owned nine stream interests, which are on eight producing properties and one development stage property. Stream interests accounted for approximately 66% of our total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 73% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. We expect stream interests to continue representing a significant portion of our total revenue.

● Acquisition and Management of Royalty Interests — Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. As of September 30, 2021, we owned royalty interests on 36 producing properties, 15 development stage properties and 130 exploration stage properties, of which we consider 51 to be evaluation stage projects. We use “evaluation stage” to describe exploration stage properties that contain mineralized material and on which operators are engaged in the search for reserves. Royalty interests accounted for 34% of our total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 27% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

We do not conduct mining operations on the properties in which we hold stream and royalty interests, and we generally are not required to contribute to capital costs, environmental costs or other operating costs on those properties.

We are continually reviewing opportunities to grow our portfolio, whether through the creation or acquisition of new or existing stream or royalty interests or other acquisition activity. We generally have acquisition opportunities in various stages of review. Our review process may include, for example, engaging consultants and advisors to analyze an opportunity; analysis of technical, financial, legal, and other confidential information of an opportunity; submission of indications of interest and term sheets; participation in preliminary discussions and negotiations; and involvement as a bidder in competitive processes.

18

Business Trends and Uncertainties

Metal Prices

Our financial results are primarily tied to the price of gold, silver, copper, and other metals. Metal prices have fluctuated widely in recent years and we expect this volatility to continue. The marketability and price of metals are influenced by numerous factors beyond our control, and significant changes in metal prices can have a material effect on our revenue.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, average metal prices and percentages of revenue by metal were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2021			September 30, 2020
Metal	Average Price		Percentage of Revenue	Average Price		Percentage of Revenue
Gold ($/ounce)	$	1,790	73%	$	1,909	75%
Silver ($/ounce)	$	24.36	10%	$	24.26	10%
Copper ($/pound)	$	4.25	14%	$	2.96	11%
Other		N/A	3%		N/A	4%

COVID-19 Pandemic

At times since early 2020, several of our operating counterparties have instituted temporary operational curtailments due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the pandemic and resulting economic and societal impacts have made it difficult for operators to forecast expected production amounts and, at times, operators have had to withdraw or revise previously disclosed guidance. For the most part, our results of operations and financial condition have not been materially impacted by these measures to date. However, the effects of the pandemic will ultimately depend on many factors that are outside of our control, including the severity and duration of the pandemic, government and operator actions in response to the pandemic, and the development, availability, and public acceptance of effective treatments and vaccines. As a result, we are currently unable to predict the nature or extent of any future impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We continue to monitor the impact of developments associated with the pandemic on stream and royalty interests as part of our regular asset impairment analysis.

NX Gold Mine Gold Stream Acquisition

On June 30, 2021, we announced that we entered into a precious metals purchase agreement for gold produced from the operating underground NX Gold Mine in Brazil with Ero.

On August 6, 2021, we made an advance payment of $100 million upon closing the transaction. In exchange for the consideration paid upon closing, we will receive 25% of the gold produced from the NX Gold Mine until the delivery of 93,000 ounces, and 10% thereafter. We will pay 20% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered until the delivery of 49,000 ounces, and 40% of the spot gold price thereafter. We may also make up to an additional $10 million in advance payments from the beginning of calendar 2022 through the end of calendar 2024 based on Ero meeting success-based targets related to regional exploration and resource additions.

Change in Fiscal Year End

On August 9, 2021, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from June 30 to December 31, effective as of December 31, 2021. As a result, we expect to file a Transitional Report on Form 10-KT in early 2022 for the six-month transition period from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

Red Chris Royalty Acquisition

On August 11, 2021, we acquired a 1.0% net smelter return royalty covering approximately 5,100 hectares, which include the currently known mineralization and prospective exploration areas of the Red Chris Mine in British Columbia, Canada. We paid $165 million in cash consideration for the royalty to Glencore Canada Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Glencore International AG.

19

The Red Chris Mine is an operating open pit mine producing gold, copper and silver and is located on the northern edge of the Skeena Mountains. The mine is owned and operated by the Red Chris JV, which is owned 70% by Newcrest and 30% by Imperial Metals Corporation, in which Newcrest is the operator.

Operators’ Production Estimates by Stream and Royalty Interest for Calendar 2021

We generally receive annual production estimates from many of the operators of our producing mines during the first quarter of each calendar year. In some instances, an operator may revise its original calendar year guidance throughout the year. The following table shows current production estimates for calendar 2021, as well as actual production through September 30, 2021, for our principal properties as reported to us by the operators.

Operators’ Estimated and Actual Production by Stream and Royalty Interest for Calendar 2021

Principal Producing Properties

	Calendar Year 2021 Operator’s Production			Calendar Year 2021 Operator’s Production
	Estimate(1)			Actual(2)
	Gold	Silver	Base Metals	Gold	Silver	Base Metals
Stream/Royalty	(oz.)	(oz.)	(lbs.)	(oz.)	(oz.)	(lbs.)
Stream:
Andacollo(3)	N/A			28,300
Mount Milligan(4)	180,000 - 200,000			97,300
Copper			70 - 80 Million			38.4 Million
Pueblo Viejo(5)	470,000 - 510,000	N/A		381,000	N/A
Wassa(6)	145,000 - 155,000			116,800
Khoemacau(7)		N/A			N/A
Royalty:
Cortez(8)	350,000 - 375,000			248,000
Peñasquito(9)	660,000	30 Million		520,000	23.6 Million
Lead			190 Million			138 Million
Zinc			475 Million			325 Million

(1) Production estimates received from our operators are for calendar 2021. There can be no assurance that production estimates received from the operators will be achieved.

(2) Actual production figures are provided by our operators and cover the period from January 1, 2021, through September 30, 2021, unless otherwise noted in footnotes to this table.

(3) The actual production figure shown for Andacollo is contained gold in concentrate.

(4) The estimated production figures shown for Mount Milligan are payable gold and copper in concentrate. The actual production figures cover the period January 1, 2021, through June 30, 2021.

(5) The estimated and actual production figures shown for Pueblo Viejo are payable gold in doré and represent the 60% interest in Pueblo Viejo held by Barrick Gold Corporation (“Barrick”). The operator did not provide estimated or actual silver production.

(6) The estimated production figure shown for Wassa is payable gold in doré.

(7) The estimated and actual production figures for Khoemacau are not available through the ramp-up period.

(8) Production from Cortez subject to Royal Gold’s royalty interests.

(9) The estimated and actual gold and silver production figures shown for Peñasquito are payable gold and silver in concentrate and doré. The estimated and actual lead and zinc production figures shown are payable lead and zinc in concentrate.

Property Developments

This section provides recent updates for our principal properties as reported by the operators, either directly to us or in their publicly available documents.

20

Stream Interests

Andacollo

Gold stream deliveries from Andacollo were approximately 6,400 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 13,700 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in deliveries resulted from differences in the timing of shipments and settlements during the periods.

Teck expects grades to continue to decline towards reserve grades in calendar 2021 and future years. The current life of mine for Andacollo is expected to continue until calendar 2035. Additional permits or permit amendments will be required to execute the life of mine plan.

Khoemacau

First concentrate was shipped in mid-July from the long-life Khoemacau project in Botswana and we received our first silver stream deliveries of approximately 105,800 ounces during the three months ended September 30, 2021.

According to KCM, construction at Khoemacau is substantially complete and activity is focused on ramping up to full production levels. Progress within the mine has been slower than planned due to underground equipment operator shortages caused by international travel restrictions, the late arrival of key underground equipment caused by COVID-19 considerations and recent unrest in South Africa, and typical ramp up issues related to drilling and blasting of the first stopes. With an improvement in the availability of operators, all required equipment now on site, and experience gained from mining the first stopes, progress is being made on resolving these issues and mining rates have steadily improved to approximately 40% of the target mining rate of 10,000 tonnes per day at the end of October. Stope mining began in September and ground conditions, ore body grades and widths are all in line with expectations.

KCM reported that progress in the process plant has also been in line with expectations, and nameplate capacity of 10,000 tonnes per day was reached consistently for discrete periods during the commissioning period using stockpiled ore. Recoveries in October reached 85% for copper and 81% for silver and are expected to reach target recoveries of 88% for copper and 84% for silver as the plant operations progress to steady state and with ongoing adjustments to the process. Copper concentrate produced so far has met required offtake specifications.

KCM expects that the mining rate will continue to ramp-up steadily and reach approximately 75% of target production at the end of the first calendar quarter of 2022, and full sustained production during the third calendar quarter of 2022. While the Government of Botswana lifted the COVID-19 state of emergency on September 30, 2021, KCM has advised that COVID-19 considerations, both locally and internationally, remain a risk to ramp-up progress.

On October 8, 2021, we acquired the right to receive a further 6% of the payable silver from Khoemacau with an advance payment of $15.9 million, which was requested by KCM to maintain appropriate working capital levels during the ramp up period. With project construction essentially complete, KCM has advised that it is well advanced in closing out all major project contracts and there is limited scope for change to the remaining project capital cost to completion. We have remaining committed funding of $26.5 million to KCM in the form of additional advance payments under the stream, which may be drawn at the election of KCM prior to the earlier of completion of development or 60 days after the start of commercial production. KCM has advised that it expects to have sufficient working capital available through the ramp-up period and it does not expect to draw materially on this remaining available funding.

With the results experienced during the ramp-up period, KCM continues to expect that Khoemacau will produce 155,000 to 165,000 tonnes of high-grade copper and silver concentrate a year, containing approximately 60,000 to 65,000 tonnes of payable copper and 1.8 to 2.0 million ounces of payable silver, over an approximate 20-year mine life.

We hold the right to receive 90% of the payable silver produced from Khoemacau until the delivery of approximately 36.0 million silver ounces, and 45% thereafter. We will pay a cash price equal to 20% of the spot silver price for each ounce delivered; however, if KCM achieves mill throughput levels above 13,000 tonnes per day (30% above current mill design capacity), we will pay a higher ongoing cash price for silver ounces delivered in excess of specific annual thresholds.

21

Mount Milligan

Gold stream deliveries from Mount Milligan were approximately 10,800 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 19,600 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Copper stream deliveries from Mount Milligan were approximately 2.6 million pounds during the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 5.8 million pounds during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in deliveries resulted from differences in the timing of shipments and settlements during the periods.

Pueblo Viejo

Gold stream deliveries from Pueblo Viejo were approximately 9,200 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 9,400 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Silver stream deliveries were approximately 396,500 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 408,600 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Silver deliveries during the three months ended September 30, 2021, included normal-course stream deliveries of approximately 377,800 ounces and previously deferred deliveries of approximately 18,700 ounces. The deferred ounces are the result of a mechanism in the stream agreement that allows for the deferral of deliveries in a period if silver recoveries fall below a fixed 70% recovery rate, with the delivery of those deferred ounces to be made in future periods as silver recovery allows. Temporary operational issues with the silver circuit caused recoveries to fall below the fixed 70% recovery rate starting in the quarter ended March 31, 2021, and continuing into the quarter ended June 30, 2021.  Barrick advised that it completed maintenance work on the silver recovery circuit in the quarter ended June 30, 2021, and made modifications to the silver circuit to further improve recoveries in the quarter ended September 30, 2021.  As of September 30, 2021, approximately 418,300 ounces remain deferred, and we expect delivery of these deferred ounces to continue over the next several quarters.

Barrick reported that the plant expansion project to increase throughput and allow the mine to maintain average annual gold production of approximately 800,000 ounces after calendar 2022 (on a 100% basis) is progressing well. Barrick also reported that production would end in 2030 without additional tailings storage capacity, but that work continues on a new tailings storage facility to extend the mine life until the 2040s. Barrick reported that the Government of the Dominican Republic has launched independent studies to review alternatives for a new tailings storage facility and that the Pueblo Viejo Joint Venture will be completing site investigations to improve confidence in the preferred options.

On October 19, 2021, Barrick reported that Pueblo Viejo is on track to deliver production guidance for calendar 2021 of 470,000 to 510,000 ounces of gold (60% interest).

Wassa

Gold stream deliveries from Wassa were approximately 4,300 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 4,000 ounces for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Royalty Interests

Cortez  

Production attributable to our royalty interest at Cortez was approximately 99,600 ounces of gold for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to approximately 37,600 ounces of gold for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was a result of production ramping up at the Crossroads deposit.

Peñasquito

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, gold production at Peñasquito was approximately 170,400 ounces; silver production was approximately 7.79 million ounces; lead production was approximately 41.9 million pounds; and zinc production was approximately 98.3 million pounds. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, gold production was approximately 130,700 ounces; silver production was approximately 6.38 million ounces; lead production was approximately 41.7 million pounds; and zinc production was approximately 98.0 million pounds. According to Newmont, the increase in production was primarily attributable to higher mill throughput and higher recoveries.

22

Results of Operations

Quarter Ended September 30, 2021, Compared to Quarter Ended September 30, 2020

For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we recorded net income and comprehensive income attributable to Royal Gold stockholders (“net income”) of $70.2 million, or $1.07 per basic and diluted share, as compared to net income of $106.9 million, or $1.63 per basic and diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to a one-time gain attributable to the sale of our Peak Gold JV interest in the prior comparable period. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in revenue, as discussed below.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we recognized total revenue of $174.4 million, comprised of stream revenue of $115.9 million and royalty revenue of $58.5 million at an average gold price of $1,790 per ounce, an average silver price of $24.36 per ounce and an average copper price of $4.25 per pound. This is compared to total revenue of $146.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, comprised of stream revenue of $106.5 million and royalty revenue of $40.4 million, at an average gold price of $1,909 per ounce, an average silver price of $24.26 per ounce and an average copper price of $2.96 per pound. Revenue and the corresponding production attributable to our stream and royalty interests for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2020, are as follows:

Revenue and Reported Production Subject to Our Stream and Royalty Interests

(Amounts in thousands, except reported production oz. and lbs.)

		Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended
		September 30, 2021				September 30, 2020
				Reported				Reported
Stream/Royalty	Metal(s)	Revenue		Production(1)		Revenue		Production(1)
Stream(2):
Mount Milligan		$	53,455			$	34,620
	Gold			19,300	oz.			11,800	oz.
	Copper			4.4	Mlbs.			4.1	Mlbs.
Pueblo Viejo		$	27,198			$	31,270
	Gold			9,800	oz.			11,100	oz.
	Silver			386,500	oz.			451,200	oz.
Andacollo	Gold	$	11,601	6,500	oz.	$	23,509	12,200	oz.
Wassa	Gold	$	8,033	4,500	oz.	$	9,108	4,900	oz.
Khoemacau	Silver	$	107	4,500	oz.	$	N/A	N/A
Other(3)		$	15,527			$	7,996
	Gold			6,300	oz.			4,000	oz.
	Silver			165,400	oz.			23,200	oz.
Total stream revenue		$	115,921			$	106,503
Royalty(2):
Cortez	Gold	$	17,101	106,300	oz.	$	5,684	37,600	oz.
Peñasquito		$	12,212			$	10,209
	Gold			170,400	oz.			130,700	oz.
	Silver			7.8	Moz.			6.4	Moz.
	Lead			42.0	Mlbs.			41.7	Mlbs.
	Zinc			98.3	Mlbs.			98.0	Mlbs.
Other(3)	Various	$	29,197	N/A		$	24,484	N/A
Total royalty revenue		$	58,510			$	40,377
Total Revenue		$	174,431			$	146,880

(1) Reported production relates to the amount of metal sales subject to our stream and royalty interests for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, and may differ from the operators’ public reporting.

(2) Refer to “Property Developments” above for a discussion of recent developments at principal properties.

(3) Individually, except for our stream interest at Rainy River, which contributed 6% of total revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021, no stream or royalty included within the “Other” category contributed greater than 5% of our total revenue for either period.

The increase in our total revenue resulted primarily from higher gold sales at Mount Milligan, an increase in average copper prices, higher gold production at Cortez and $4.4 million of revenue from the newly acquired NX Gold Stream,

23

offset by a decrease in gold sales from Andacollo and lower average gold prices compared to the prior period. Gold and silver ounces and copper pounds purchased and sold during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, and gold and silver ounces and copper pounds in inventory as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021, for our streaming interests were as follows:

	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		As of	As of
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2021	June 30, 2021
Gold Stream	Purchases (oz.)	Sales (oz.)	Purchases (oz.)	Sales (oz.)	Inventory (oz.)	Inventory (oz.)
Mount Milligan	10,800	19,300	19,600	11,800	2,900	11,400
Pueblo Viejo	9,200	9,800	9,400	11,100	9,200	9,800
Andacollo	6,400	6,500	13,700	12,200	2,200	2,400
Wassa	4,300	4,500	4,000	4,900	2,200	2,300
Other	7,500	6,300	4,400	4,000	2,500	1,300
Total	38,200	46,400	51,100	44,000	19,000	27,200
	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		As of	As of
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2021	June 30, 2021
Silver Stream	Purchases (oz.)	Sales (oz.)	Purchases (oz.)	Sales (oz.)	Inventory (oz.)	Inventory (oz.)
Pueblo Viejo	396,500	386,500	408,600	451,200	396,500	386,500
Khoemacau	105,800	4,500	—	—	101,300	—
Other	109,700	165,400	52,700	23,200	43,100	98,900
Total	612,000	556,400	461,300	474,400	540,900	485,400
	Three Months Ended		Three Months Ended		As of	As of
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2021	June 30, 2021
Copper Stream	Purchases (Mlbs.)	Sales (Mlbs.)	Purchases (Mlbs.)	Sales (Mlbs.)	Inventory (Mlbs.)	Inventory (Mlbs.)
Mount Milligan	2.6	4.4	5.8	4.1	—	1.7

Cost of sales, which excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization, increased to $27.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $21.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase, when compared to the prior period, was primarily due to an increase in gold and copper sales from Mount Milligan and an increase in the average copper price. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in the average gold price and a decrease in gold sales at Andacollo when compared to the prior period. Cost of sales is specific to our stream agreements and is the result of our purchase of gold, silver and copper for a cash payment. The cash payment for gold from Mount Milligan is the lesser of $435 per ounce or the prevailing market price of gold when purchased, while the cash payment for our other streams is a set contractual percentage of the gold, silver or copper (Mount Milligan) spot price near the date of metal delivery.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization increased to $50.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, from $46.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to higher gold sales from Mount Milligan, higher gold production at Cortez and maiden gold sales from the newly acquired NX Gold Stream when compared to the prior period. The increase was offset by lower gold and silver sales from Pueblo Viejo and lower gold sales from Andacollo.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded income tax expense totaling $16.0 million, compared with income tax benefit of $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The income tax expense resulted in an effective tax rate of 18.5% in the current period, compared with (2.3%) for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The three months ended September 30, 2020, included discrete income tax expense items primarily from the release of an uncertain tax position due to a settlement agreement with a foreign tax authority and a change in the realizability of certain deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

At September 30, 2021, we had current assets of $232.1 million compared to current liabilities of $60.3 million, which resulted in working capital of $171.8 million and a current ratio of 4 to 1. This compares to current assets of $297.1 million and current liabilities of $52.1 million at June 30, 2021, resulting in working capital of $245.0 million and a current ratio of approximately 6 to 1. The decrease in working capital was primarily due to the cash payments associated with the acquisitions of the Red Chris royalty and NX Gold Stream during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

24

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, liquidity needs were met from $129.9 million in net cash provided by operating activities and our available cash resources. As of September 30, 2021, we had $900 million available and $100 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility. Working capital, combined with available capacity under our revolving credit facility, resulted in approximately $1.1 billion of total liquidity at September 30, 2021. We were in compliance with each financial covenant under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2021. Refer to Note 5 of our notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion on our outstanding debt. On October 8, 2021, we repaid $50 million of the outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility. This increased the amount available under our revolving credit facility to $950 million and decreased the amount outstanding to $50 million.

We believe that our current financial resources and funds generated from operations will be adequate to cover anticipated expenditures for debt service, general and administrative expense costs and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Our current financial resources are also available to fund dividends and for acquisitions of stream and royalty interests, including any conditional funding schedules. Our long-term capital requirements are primarily affected by our ongoing acquisition activities. We currently, and generally at any time, have acquisition opportunities in various stages of active review. In the event of one or more substantial stream or royalty interest or other acquisitions, we may seek additional debt or equity financing as necessary. We occasionally borrow and repay amounts under our revolving credit facility and may do so in the future.

Please refer to our risk factors included in Part 1, Item 1A of our Fiscal 2021 10-K for a discussion of certain risks that may impact our liquidity and capital resources.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $129.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $94.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to an increase in cash proceeds received from our stream and royalty interests, net of cost of sales and production taxes, of approximately $33.1 million.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities totaled $272.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $49.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The period over period change was primarily due to the Red Chris royalty acquisition of $165 million and the NX Gold Stream acquisition of $100 million, whereas the prior year period included $49.2 million received for the sale of our Peak Gold JV investment and $12.1 million for the sale of our Contango shares.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $77.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $49.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The period over period change was primarily due to an increase in borrowings from our revolving credit facility compared to the prior year period, whereas the prior year included a $30 million repayment of our revolving credit facility.

Recent Liquidity Development

Revolving Credit Facility Amendment

On July 7, 2021, we entered into a fourth amendment to our revolving credit facility dated as of June 2, 2017. The amendment extends the maturity date from June 3, 2024, to July 7, 2026, adds provisions to provide for the eventual replacement of LIBOR and makes certain changes to the lenders under the agreement.

25

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Critical Accounting Policies

Refer to Note 1 of our notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussion on any recently adopted accounting standards. Refer to our Fiscal 2021 10-K for discussion on our critical accounting policies.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report and our other public communications include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results may differ materially from these statements.

Forward-looking statements are often identified by words like “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “forecast,” “potential,” “intend,” “continue,” “project,” or negatives of these words or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: statements about our expected financial performance and outlook, including sales volume, revenue, expenses, tax rates, earnings or cash flow; operators’ expected operating and financial performance, including production, deliveries, mine plans and reserves, development, cash flows and capital expenditures; planned and potential acquisitions or dispositions, including funding schedules and conditions; liquidity, financing and stockholder returns; our overall investment portfolio; macroeconomic and market conditions including the impacts of COVID-19; prices for gold, silver, copper, nickel and other metals; potential impairments; or tax changes.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: a lower-price environment for gold, silver, copper, nickel or other metals; operating activities or financial performance of properties on which we hold stream or royalty interests, including variations between actual and forecasted performance, operators’ ability to complete projects on schedule and as planned, changes to mine plans and reserves, liquidity needs, mining and environmental hazards, labor disputes, distribution and supply chain disruptions, permitting and licensing issues, contractual issues involving our stream or royalty agreements, or operational disruptions due to COVID-19, including due to variant strains of the virus; risks associated with doing business in foreign countries; increased competition for stream and royalty interests; environmental risks, including those caused by climate change; potential cyber-attacks, including ransomware; our ability to identify, finance, value and complete acquisitions; adverse economic and market conditions; changes in laws or regulations governing us, operators or operating properties; changes in management and key employees; and other factors described in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Fiscal 2021 10-K and this Form 10-Q. Most of these factors are beyond our ability to predict or control.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. We disclaim any obligation to update any

forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

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ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our earnings and cash flows are significantly impacted by changes in the market price of gold and other metals. Gold, silver, copper, and other metal prices can fluctuate significantly and are affected by numerous factors, such as demand, production levels, economic policies of central banks, producer hedging, world political and economic events, and the strength of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Please see the risk factor entitled “Our revenue is subject to volatility in metal prices, which could negatively affect our results of operations or cash flow.” under Part I, Item 1A of our Fiscal 2021 10-K, for more information about risks associated with metal price volatility.

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we reported revenue of $174.4 million, with an average gold price for the period of $1,790 per ounce, an average silver price of $24.36 per ounce, and an average copper price of $4.25 per pound. The table below shows the impact that a 10% increase or decrease in the average price of the specified metal would have had on our total reported revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2021:

Metal	Percentage of Total Reported Revenue Associated with Specified Metal	Amount by Which Total Reported Revenue Would Have Increased or Decreased If Price of Specified Metal Had Averaged 10% Higher or Lower in Period
Gold	73%	$12.9 million
Copper	14%	$4.0 million
Silver	10%	$0.6 million

ITEM 4.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (the principal financial and accounting officer), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021, at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2021, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within Royal Gold have been detected.

PART II.    OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.      LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of our Fiscal 2021 10-K.

27

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	(b) Average Price Paid Per Share	(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs
July 2021	—	—	N/A	N/A
August 2021	4,766	$112.03	N/A	N/A
September 2021	—	—	N/A	N/A
Total	4,766	$112.03	N/A	N/A

(1) Represents shares of common stock withheld by us as payment of withholding taxes due upon the vesting of restricted stock held by our employees.

ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.     OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description
10.1	Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Facility Credit Agreement dated as of July 7, 2021, and entered into by and among Royal Gold, Inc., RGLD Gold AG, RG Royalties, LLC, Royal Gold International Holdings, Inc., the banks and financial institutions identified therein as a “Lender,” and The Bank of Nova Scotia as Administrative Agent for the Lenders (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Royal Gold’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 12, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference).
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1‡	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2‡	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101*	The following financial statements from Royal Gold, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL: (a) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (b) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (c) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (d) Consolidated Balance Sheets, and (e) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104*	The cover page from Royal Gold, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

‡ Furnished herewith.

29

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	ROYAL GOLD, INC.
Date: November 4, 2021
	By:	/s/ William Heissenbuttel
		William Heissenbuttel
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  November 4, 2021	By:	/s/ Paul Libner
		Paul Libner
		Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

30

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, William Heissenbuttel, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Royal Gold, Inc.;

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 4, 2021

/s/William Heissenbuttel

William Heissenbuttel

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

1

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Libner, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Royal Gold, Inc.;

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present, in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

(5) The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

November 4, 2021

/s/Paul Libner

Paul Libner

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

1

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Royal Gold, Inc. (the “Company”), for the period ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, William Heissenbuttel, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that, to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

November 4, 2021

/s/William Heissenbuttel

William Heissenbuttel

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

1

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Royal Gold, Inc. (the “Company”), for the period ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Paul Libner, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that, to my knowledge:

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

November 4, 2021

/s/ Paul Libner

Paul Libner

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

1

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	Sep. 30, 2021	Oct. 28, 2021
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2021
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Entity File Number	001-13357
Entity Registrant Name	Royal Gold, Inc
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	84-0835164
Entity Address, Address Line One	1144 15th Street, Suite 2500
Entity Address, City or Town	Denver
Entity Address, State or Province	CO
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	80202
City Area Code	303
Local Phone Number	573-1660
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	RGLD
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
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Current Fiscal Year End Date	--06-30
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XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021
ASSETS
Cash and equivalents	$ 160,208	$ 225,916
Royalty receivables	52,959	47,242
Income tax receivable	4,081	4,520
Stream inventory	12,222	17,684
Prepaid expenses and other	2,613	1,773
Total current assets	232,083	297,135
Stream and royalty interests, net (Note 3)	2,476,630	2,262,158
Other assets	96,964	92,312
Total assets	2,805,677	2,651,605
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	5,471	6,398
Dividends payable	19,690	19,681
Income tax payable	23,933	14,479
Other current liabilities	11,170	11,525
Total current liabilities	60,264	52,083
Debt (Note 5)	95,403
Deferred tax liabilities	87,687	88,000
Uncertain tax positions	890	910
Other liabilities	6,920	7,197
Total liabilities	251,164	148,190
EQUITY
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; and 65,563,802 and 65,551,061 shares outstanding, respectively	656	656
Additional paid-in capital	2,204,457	2,203,863
Accumulated earnings	336,734	286,249
Total Royal Gold stockholders' equity	2,541,847	2,490,768
Non-controlling interests	12,666	12,647
Total equity	2,554,513	2,503,415
Total liabilities and equity	$ 2,805,677	$ 2,651,605

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	65,563,802	65,551,061

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Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
Revenue	$ 174,431	$ 146,880
Costs and expenses
Cost of sales (excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization)	27,230	21,902
General and administrative	7,129	7,454
Production taxes	2,054	1,355
Exploration costs		563
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	50,611	46,300
Total costs and expenses	87,024	77,574
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		33,906
Operating income	87,407	103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities	176	2,539
Interest and other income	819	421
Interest and other expense	(1,908)	(1,875)
Income before income taxes	86,494	104,297
Income tax (expense) benefit	(16,028)	2,377
Net income and comprehensive income	70,466	106,674
Net (income) loss and comprehensive (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(290)	265
Net income and comprehensive income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$ 70,176	$ 106,939
Net income per share attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders:
Basic earnings per share	$ 1.07	$ 1.63
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	65,556,608	65,537,714
Diluted earnings per share	$ 1.07	$ 1.63
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	65,627,845	65,632,689
Cash dividends declared per common share	$ 0.30	$ 0.28

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder's Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Shares	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated (Losses) Earnings	Noncontrolling Interests	Total
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 655	$ 2,210,429	$ 61,133	$ 29,902	$ 2,302,119
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020	65,631,288
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances	$ 1	105			106
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares)	14,318
Sale of Peak Gold JV interest		(10,829)		(16,218)	(27,047)
Distributions to non-controlling interests				(261)	(261)
Net income (loss)			106,939	(265)	106,674
Dividends declared			(18,370)		(18,370)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	$ 656	2,199,705	149,702	13,158	2,363,221
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020	65,645,606
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	$ 656	2,203,863	286,249	12,647	2,503,415
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021	65,551,061
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances		594			594
Stock-based compensation and related share issuances (in shares)	12,741
Distributions to non-controlling interests				(271)	(271)
Net income (loss)			70,176	290	70,466
Dividends declared			(19,691)		(19,691)
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 656	$ 2,204,457	$ 336,734	$ 12,666	$ 2,554,513
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021	65,563,802

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income and comprehensive income	$ 70,466	$ 106,674
Adjustments to reconcile net income and comprehensive income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	50,611	46,300
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		(33,906)
Non-cash employee stock compensation expense	1,503	1,493
Fair value changes in equity securities	(176)	(2,539)
Deferred tax benefit	(396)	(10,545)
Other	845	111
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Royalty receivables	(5,718)	(5,884)
Stream inventory	5,463	(5,488)
Income tax receivable	439	(1,864)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,026)	260
Accounts payable	(927)	(235)
Income tax payable	9,454	12,408
Uncertain tax positions	(20)	(12,196)
Other liabilities	(633)	(437)
Net cash provided by operating activities	129,885	94,152
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of stream and royalty interests	(265,000)	(11,304)
Khoemacau subordinated debt facility	(7,000)
Proceeds from sale of Peak Gold JV interest		49,154
Proceeds from sale of Contango shares		12,146
Other	(733)	(339)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(272,733)	49,657
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt		(30,000)
Borrowings from revolving credit facility	100,000
Net payments from issuance of common stock	(909)	(1,389)
Common stock dividends	(19,682)	(18,365)
Other	(2,269)	(67)
Net provided by (used in) financing activities	77,140	(49,821)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and equivalents	(65,708)	93,988
Cash and equivalents at beginning of period	225,916	319,128
Cash and equivalents at end of period	$ 160,208	$ 413,116

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OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

1.    OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Royal Gold is engaged in the business of acquiring and managing precious metals streams, royalties and similar interests. We seek to acquire existing stream and royalty interests or to finance projects that are in production or in the development stage in exchange for stream or royalty interests. A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more metals produced from a mine at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Royalties are non-operating interests in a mining project that provide the right to revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting contractually specified costs, if any.

Change in Fiscal Year End

On August 9, 2021, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from June 30 to December 31, effective as of December 31, 2021. As a result, we expect to file a Transitional Report on Form 10-KT in early 2022 for the six-month transition period from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation of our interim financial statements have been included in this Form 10-Q. Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the six-month transition period ending December 31, 2021. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021 10-K”).

Recent Accounting Standards

We have evaluated all the recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standards-setting bodies through the filing date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements and do not believe the future adoption of any such standards will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS.

ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

2.    ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS

Red Chris Royalty Acquisition

On August 11, 2021, we acquired a 1.0% net smelter return royalty covering approximately 5,100 hectares, which includes the currently known mineralization and prospective exploration areas of the Red Chris Mine in British Columbia, Canada. We paid $165 million in cash consideration for the royalty to Glencore Canada Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Glencore International AG.

The Red Chris Mine is an operating open pit mine producing gold, copper and silver, and is located on the northern edge of the Skeena Mountains. The mine is owned and operated by a joint venture (the “Red Chris JV”), which is owned 70% by Newcrest Mining Ltd. (“Newcrest”) and 30% by Imperial Metals Corporation, in which Newcrest is the operator.

The Red Chris royalty acquisition has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The $165 million cash consideration, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage royalty interests (Note 3) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Approximately $116.1 million and $48.9 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage royalty interest, respectively, as of September 30,

2021. The acquisition cost of the production stage Red Chris royalty will be depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by Newcrest.

NX Gold Mine Gold Stream Acquisition

On June 30, 2021, we announced that we entered into a precious metals purchase agreement for gold produced from the operating underground NX Gold Mine in Brazil (“NX Gold Stream”) with Ero Gold Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ero Copper Corporation, and certain of its affiliates (together, “Ero”).

On August 6, 2021, we made an advance payment of $100 million upon closing the transaction. In exchange for the consideration provided, we will receive 25% of the gold produced from the NX Gold Mine until the delivery of 93,000 ounces, and 10% thereafter. We will pay 20% of the spot gold price for each ounce delivered until the delivery of 49,000 ounces, and 40% of the spot gold price thereafter. Per the purchase agreement, we may make up to an additional $10 million of advance payments from the beginning of calendar 2022 through the end of calendar 2024 based on Ero meeting success-based targets related to regional exploration and resource additions.

The NX Gold Stream has been accounted for as an asset acquisition. The $100 million advance payment, plus direct acquisition costs, have been recorded and allocated between production and exploration stage stream interests (Note 3) within Stream and royalty interests, net on our consolidated balance sheets. Approximately $54.9 million and $45.1 million was allocated to production stage and exploration stage stream interest, respectively, as of September 30, 2021.The acquisition cost of the production stage NX Gold Stream will be depleted using the units of production method, which is estimated using aggregate proven and probable reserves, as provided by Ero.

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STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

3.    STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

The following tables summarize our stream and royalty interests, net as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021.

As of September 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(320,831)	$	469,804
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(252,167)		358,237
Andacollo		388,182		(134,661)		253,521
Khoemacau		223,496		(78)		223,418
Rainy River		175,727		(46,106)		129,621
Wassa		146,475		(81,958)		64,517
Other		54,933		(2,420)		52,513
Total production stage stream interests		2,389,852		(838,221)		1,551,631
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(111,535)		94,189
Red Chris		116,105		—		116,105
Peñasquito		99,172		(51,552)		47,620
Cortez		80,681		(21,368)		59,313
Other		442,995		(384,488)		58,507
Total production stage royalty interests		944,677		(568,943)		375,734
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		3,334,529		(1,407,164)		1,927,365
Development stage stream interests:
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,421		—		45,421
Other		54,756		—		54,756
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		112,214		—		112,214
Exploration stage stream interests:
NX Gold		45,067		—		45,067
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Red Chris		48,895		—		48,895
Côté		29,610				29,610
Other		135,789		—		135,789
Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests		437,051		—		437,051
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,883,794	$	(1,407,164)	$	2,476,630

As of June 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(300,378)	$	490,257
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(243,706)		366,698
Andacollo		388,182		(131,578)		256,604
Rainy River		175,727		(41,772)		133,955
Wassa		146,475		(78,865)		67,610
Total production stage stream interests		2,111,423		(796,299)		1,315,124
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(109,850)		95,874
Peñasquito		99,172		(50,176)		48,996
Cortez		80,681		(19,128)		61,553
Other		442,871		(381,191)		61,680
Total production stage royalty interests		828,448		(560,345)		268,103
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		2,939,871		(1,356,644)		1,583,227
Development stage stream interests:
Khoemacau		223,502		—		223,502
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,423		—		45,423
Other		54,755		—		54,755
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		335,717		—		335,717
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Côté		29,610		—		29,610
Other		135,914		—		135,914
Total exploration stage royalty interests		343,214		—		343,214
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,618,802	$	(1,356,644)	$	2,262,158

COVID-19 Pandemic

At times since early 2020, several of our operating counterparties have instituted temporary operational curtailments due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the pandemic and resulting economic and societal impacts have made it difficult for operators to forecast expected production amounts and, at times, operators have had to withdraw or revise previously disclosed guidance. For the most part, our results of operations and financial condition have not been materially impacted by these measures to date. However, the effects of the pandemic will ultimately depend on many factors that are outside of our control, including the severity and duration of the pandemic, government and operator actions in response to the pandemic, and the development, availability, and public acceptance of effective treatments and vaccines. As a result, we are currently unable to predict the nature or extent of any future impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We continue to monitor the impact of developments associated with the pandemic on stream and royalty interests as part of our regular asset impairment analysis.

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MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

4.  MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES

As of September 30, 2021, our marketable equity securities include warrants to purchase up to 19,640,000 common shares of TriStar Gold Inc. Our marketable equity securities are measured at fair value (Note 11) each reporting period with any changes in fair value recognized in net income.

The fair value of our marketable equity securities increased $0.2 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and these changes are included in Fair value changes in equity securities on our consolidated statements of operation and comprehensive income. The carrying value of our marketable equity

securities as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021, was $3.3 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and is included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

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DEBT

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

DEBT

DEBT

5.    DEBT

Our debt as of September 30, 2021, and June 30, 2021, consists of the following:

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
	Principal		Debt Issuance Costs		Total		Principal		Debt Issuance Costs1		Total
		(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)
Revolving credit facility	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)
Total debt	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Revolving credit facility

As of September 30, 2021, we had $100 million outstanding and $900 million available under our revolving credit facility. The interest rate on borrowings under our revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2021, was LIBOR plus 1.10% for an all-in rate of 1.21%. Interest expense recognized on the revolving credit facility for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, was approximately $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, and included interest on the outstanding borrowings and the amortization of the debt issuance costs. We were in compliance with each financial covenant (leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio) under the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2021.

On July 7, 2021, we entered into a fourth amendment to our revolving credit facility dated June 2, 2017. The amendment extends the maturity date from June 3, 2024, to July 7, 2026, adds provisions to provide for the eventual replacement of LIBOR and makes certain changes to the lenders under the agreement.

On October 8, 2021, we repaid $50 million of the outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility. This increased the amount available under our revolving credit facility to $950 million and decreased the amount outstanding to $50 million.

Royal Gold may repay any borrowings under the revolving credit facility at any time without premium or penalty.

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REVENUE

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

REVENUE

REVENUE

6.    REVENUE

Revenue Recognition

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer control of a distinct good or service (or integrated package of goods and/or services) to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, a performance obligation is satisfied. In accordance with this guidance, revenue attributable to our stream interests and royalty interests is generally recognized at the point in time that control of the related metal production transfers to our customers. The amount of revenue we recognize further reflects the consideration to which we are entitled under the respective stream or royalty agreement. A more detailed summary of our revenue recognition policies for our stream and royalty interests is discussed below.

Stream Interests

A metal stream is a purchase agreement that provides, in exchange for an upfront deposit payment, the right to purchase all or a portion of one or more of the metals produced from a mine, at a price determined for the life of the transaction by the purchase agreement. Gold, silver and copper received under our metal streaming agreements are taken into inventory, and then sold primarily using average spot rate gold, silver and copper forward contracts. The sales price for these average spot rate forward contracts is determined by the average daily gold, silver or copper spot prices during the term of the contract, typically a consecutive number of trading days between ten days and three months (depending on the frequency of deliveries under the respective streaming agreement and our sales policy in effect at the time) commencing shortly after

receipt and purchase of the metal. We settle our forward sales contracts via physical delivery of the metal to the purchaser (our customer) on the settlement date specified in the contract. Under our forward sales contracts, there is a single performance obligation to sell a contractually specified volume of metal to the purchaser, and we satisfy this obligation at the point in time of physical delivery. Accordingly, revenue from our metal sales is recognized on the date of settlement, which is the date that control, custody and title to the metal transfer to the purchaser.

Royalty Interests

Royalties are non-operating interests in mining projects that provide the right to a percentage of revenue or metals produced from the project after deducting specified costs, if any. We are entitled to payment for our royalty interest in a mining project based on a contractually specified commodity price (for example, a monthly or quarterly average spot price) for the period in which metal production occurs. As a royalty holder, we act as a passive entity in the production and operations of the mining project, and the third-party operator of the mining project is responsible for all mining activities, including subsequent marketing and delivery of all metal production to their ultimate customer. In all of our material royalty interest arrangements, we have concluded that we transfer control of our interest in the metal production to the operator at the point at which production occurs, and thus, the operator is our customer. We have further determined that the transfer of each unit of metal production comprising our royalty interest to the operator represents a separate performance obligation under the contract, and each performance obligation is satisfied at the point in time of metal production by the operator.  Accordingly, we recognize revenue attributable to our royalty interests in the period in which metal production occurs at the specified commodity price per the agreement, net of any contractually allowable offsite treatment, refining, transportation and, if applicable, mining costs.

Royalty Revenue Estimates

For a small number of our royalty interests, we may not receive, or be entitled to receive, payment information, including production information from the operator, for the period in which metal production occurred prior to issuance of our financial statements for that period. As a result, we may estimate revenue for these royalties based on available information, including public information, from the operator. If adequate information is not available from the operator or from other public sources before we issue our financial statements, we will recognize royalty revenue during the period in which the necessary payment information is received. Differences between estimates and actual amounts could differ significantly and are recorded in the period that the actual amounts are known. Please also refer to our “Use of Estimates” accounting policy discussed in our Fiscal 2021 10-K. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, royalty revenue that was estimated or was attributable to metal production for a period prior to September 30, 2021, was not material.  

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have identified two material revenue sources in our business: stream interests and royalty interests. These identified revenue sources are consistent with our reportable segments as discussed in Note 10.

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Gold	$	83,318	$	83,597
Silver		13,877		10,898
Copper		18,726		12,008
Total stream revenue	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Gold	$	43,417	$	26,904
Silver		3,952		3,441
Copper		4,967		4,060
Other		6,174		5,972
Total royalty revenue	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

Revenue attributable to our principal stream and royalty interests is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	Metal(s)	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Mount Milligan	Gold & Copper	$	53,455	$	34,620
Pueblo Viejo	Gold & Silver		27,198		31,270
Andacollo	Gold		11,601		23,509
Wassa	Gold		8,033		9,108
Khoemacau	Silver		107		—
Other	Gold & Silver		15,527		7,996
Total stream revenue		$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Cortez	Gold		17,101		5,684
Peñasquito	Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc	$	12,212	$	10,209
Other	Various		29,197		24,484
Total royalty revenue		$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue		$	174,431	$	146,880

Please refer to Note 10 for the geographical distribution of our revenue by reportable segment.

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

7.    STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

We recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Amounts in thousands)
Stock options	$	16	$	15
Stock appreciation rights		414		371
Restricted stock		1,116		997
Performance stock		(43)		110
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,503	$	1,493

Stock-based compensation expense is included within General and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, we granted the following stock-based compensation awards:

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Number of shares)
Stock options		—		2,860
Stock appreciation rights		—		64,100
Restricted stock		50,604		26,104
Performance stock (at maximum 200% attainment)		73,200		35,380
Total equity awards granted		123,804		128,444

As of September 30, 2021, unrecognized compensation expense (expressed in thousands below) and weighted-average vesting period for each of our stock-based compensation awards were as follows:

	Unrecognized		Weighted-
	compensation		average vesting
	expense		period (years)
Stock options	$	78		1.8
Stock appreciation rights		2,019		1.6
Restricted stock		8,237		2.9
Performance stock		5,565		2.6

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EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

8.    EARNINGS PER SHARE (“EPS”)

Basic EPS were computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, considering the effect of participating securities. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method. Our unvested restricted stock awards contain non-forfeitable dividend rights and participate equally with common stock with respect to dividends issued or declared. Our unexercised stock option awards, unexercised stock-settled stock appreciation rights and unvested performance stock do not contain rights to dividends. Under the two-class method, the earnings used to determine basic EPS are reduced by an amount allocated to participating securities. Use of the two-class method has an immaterial impact on the calculation of basic and diluted EPS.

The following tables summarize the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the periods shown below (amounts in thousands, except share data):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$	70,176	$	106,939
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS		65,556,608		65,537,714
Effect of other dilutive securities		71,237		94,975
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS		65,627,845		65,632,689
Basic EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63
Diluted EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

9.    INCOME TAXES

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Amounts in thousands, except rate)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	16,028	$	(2,377)
Effective tax rate		18.5%		(2.3)%

The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020, included discrete tax benefits attributable to the settlement of an uncertain tax position with a foreign jurisdiction and the release of a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets.  

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SEGMENT INFORMATION

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

SEGMENT INFORMATION

SEGMENT INFORMATION

10.    SEGMENT INFORMATION

We manage our business under two reportable segments, consisting of the acquisition and management of stream interests and the acquisition and management of royalty interests. Our long-lived assets (stream and royalty interests, net) are geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
					Total stream						Total stream
	Stream		Royalty		and royalty		Stream		Royalty		and royalty
	interest		interest		interests, net		interest		interest		interests, net
Canada	$	599,425	$	415,213	$	1,014,638	$	624,212	$	252,547	$	876,759
Dominican Republic		358,237		—		358,237		366,698		—		366,698
Chile		253,521		224,116		477,637		256,604		224,116		480,720
Africa		287,935		321		288,256		291,112		321		291,433
Mexico		—		63,687		63,687		—		66,867		66,867
United States		—		110,153		110,153		—		112,817		112,817
Australia		—		27,788		27,788		—		28,117		28,117
Rest of world		109,618		26,616		136,234		12,038		26,709		38,747
Total	$	1,608,736	$	867,894	$	2,476,630	$	1,550,664	$	711,494	$	2,262,158

Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	115,921	$	27,230	$	—	$	41,922	$	46,769
Royalty interests		58,510		—		2,054		8,597		47,859
Total	$	174,431	$	27,230	$	2,054	$	50,519	$	94,628
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	106,503	$	21,902	$	—	$	39,027	$	45,574
Royalty interests		40,377		—		1,355		7,187		31,835
Total	$	146,880	$	21,902	$	1,355	$	46,214	$	77,409

(1) Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization

(2) Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
		2021		2020
Total segment gross profit	$	94,628	$	77,409
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses		7,129		7,454
Exploration costs		—		563
Depreciation and amortization		92		86
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		33,906
Operating income		87,407		103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities		176		2,539
Interest and other income		819		421
Interest and other expense		(1,908)		(1,875)
Income before income taxes	$	86,494	$	104,297

Our revenue by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream interests:
Canada	$	64,031	$	41,586
Dominican Republic		27,198		31,270
Chile		11,601		23,509
Africa		8,679		10,138
Rest of world		4,412		—
Total stream interests	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty interests:
United States	$	27,080	$	13,698
Mexico		15,427		11,577
Canada		6,402		7,410
Australia		6,917		4,542
Africa		602		750
Rest of world		2,082		2,400
Total royalty interests	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

11.  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, we utilize a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1:   Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2:   Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3:   Prices or valuation techniques requiring inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

The following table sets forth our financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis (at least annually) by level within the fair value hierarchy.

	As of September 30, 2021
			Fair Value
	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets (amounts in thousands):
Marketable equity securities(1)	$	3,258	$	3,258	$	—	$	3,258	$	—

(1) Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

The TriStar Gold Inc. warrants classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are model-derived (Black-Scholes) valuations in which the significant inputs are observable in active markets. The carrying value of our revolving credit facility (Note 5) approximates fair value as of September 30, 2021.

As of September 30, 2021, we had assets that, under certain conditions, are subject to measurement at fair value on a non-recurring basis like those associated with stream and royalty interests, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. For these assets, measurement at fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition is applicable if any of these assets are determined to be impaired. If recognition of these assets at their fair value becomes necessary, such measurements will be determined utilizing Level 3 inputs.  

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

12.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Khoemacau Silver Stream Acquisition

Option Silver Stream

As of September 30, 2021, Royal Gold has remaining committed funding of $42.4 million as part of our Khoemacau silver stream acquisition, which may be drawn at the election of Khoemacau Copper Mining (Pty.) Limited (“KCM”) prior to the completion of construction. Refer to our Fiscal 2021 10-K for further details on the Khoemacau silver stream acquisition and subordinated debt facility. Additionally, on October 8, 2021 we made an advance payment of $15.9 million toward the option stream which increased our right to receive payable silver produced from Khoemacau from a rate of 84% to 90% until delivery of approximately 36.0 million silver ounces, and 45% (from 42%) thereafter.

Subordinated Debt Facility

On July 7, 2021, KCM drew the remaining $7.0 million on the $25.0 million subordinated debt facility provided by Royal Gold. The subordinated debt facility has a term of seven years, carries interest at a rate of LIBOR +11% and requires mandatory repayment upon certain events. As of September 30, 2021, $25.0 million was outstanding on the subordinated debt facility and is included in Other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.

Ilovica Gold Stream Acquisition

As of September 30, 2021, our conditional funding schedule of $163.75 million, as part of the Ilovica gold stream acquisition entered into in October 2014, remains subject to certain conditions.

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OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

OPERATIONS, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Change in Fiscal Year End

Change in Fiscal Year End

On August 9, 2021, our board of directors approved a change in our fiscal year end from June 30 to December 31, effective as of December 31, 2021. As a result, we expect to file a Transitional Report on Form 10-KT in early 2022 for the six-month transition period from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021.

Basis of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments which are of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation of our interim financial statements have been included in this Form 10-Q. Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the six-month transition period ending December 31, 2021. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021 10-K”).

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards

We have evaluated all the recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or other standards-setting bodies through the filing date of these unaudited consolidated financial statements and do not believe the future adoption of any such standards will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET

Schedule of stream and royalty interests

As of September 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(320,831)	$	469,804
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(252,167)		358,237
Andacollo		388,182		(134,661)		253,521
Khoemacau		223,496		(78)		223,418
Rainy River		175,727		(46,106)		129,621
Wassa		146,475		(81,958)		64,517
Other		54,933		(2,420)		52,513
Total production stage stream interests		2,389,852		(838,221)		1,551,631
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(111,535)		94,189
Red Chris		116,105		—		116,105
Peñasquito		99,172		(51,552)		47,620
Cortez		80,681		(21,368)		59,313
Other		442,995		(384,488)		58,507
Total production stage royalty interests		944,677		(568,943)		375,734
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		3,334,529		(1,407,164)		1,927,365
Development stage stream interests:
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,421		—		45,421
Other		54,756		—		54,756
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		112,214		—		112,214
Exploration stage stream interests:
NX Gold		45,067		—		45,067
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Red Chris		48,895		—		48,895
Côté		29,610				29,610
Other		135,789		—		135,789
Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests		437,051		—		437,051
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,883,794	$	(1,407,164)	$	2,476,630

As of June 30, 2021 (Amounts in thousands):	Cost		Accumulated Depletion		Net
Production stage stream interests:
Mount Milligan	$	790,635	$	(300,378)	$	490,257
Pueblo Viejo		610,404		(243,706)		366,698
Andacollo		388,182		(131,578)		256,604
Rainy River		175,727		(41,772)		133,955
Wassa		146,475		(78,865)		67,610
Total production stage stream interests		2,111,423		(796,299)		1,315,124
Production stage royalty interests:
Voisey's Bay		205,724		(109,850)		95,874
Peñasquito		99,172		(50,176)		48,996
Cortez		80,681		(19,128)		61,553
Other		442,871		(381,191)		61,680
Total production stage royalty interests		828,448		(560,345)		268,103
Total production stage stream and royalty interests		2,939,871		(1,356,644)		1,583,227
Development stage stream interests:
Khoemacau		223,502		—		223,502
Other		12,037		—		12,037
Development stage royalty interests:
Côté		45,423		—		45,423
Other		54,755		—		54,755
Total development stage stream and royalty interests		335,717		—		335,717
Exploration stage royalty interests:
Pascua-Lama		177,690		—		177,690
Côté		29,610		—		29,610
Other		135,914		—		135,914
Total exploration stage royalty interests		343,214		—		343,214
Total stream and royalty interests, net	$	3,618,802	$	(1,356,644)	$	2,262,158

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DEBT (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

DEBT

Schedule of debt

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
	Principal		Debt Issuance Costs		Total		Principal		Debt Issuance Costs1		Total
		(Amounts in thousands)						(Amounts in thousands)
Revolving credit facility	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)
Total debt	$	100,000	$	(4,597)	$	95,403	$	—	$	(3,443)	$	(3,443)

⁽¹⁾ Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

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REVENUE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

REVENUE

Summary of disaggregated revenue

Revenue by metal type attributable to each of our revenue sources is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Gold	$	83,318	$	83,597
Silver		13,877		10,898
Copper		18,726		12,008
Total stream revenue	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Gold	$	43,417	$	26,904
Silver		3,952		3,441
Copper		4,967		4,060
Other		6,174		5,972
Total royalty revenue	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

Revenue attributable to our principal stream and royalty interests is disaggregated as follows (amounts in thousands):

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	Metal(s)	2021		2020
Stream revenue:
Mount Milligan	Gold & Copper	$	53,455	$	34,620
Pueblo Viejo	Gold & Silver		27,198		31,270
Andacollo	Gold		11,601		23,509
Wassa	Gold		8,033		9,108
Khoemacau	Silver		107		—
Other	Gold & Silver		15,527		7,996
Total stream revenue		$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty revenue:
Cortez	Gold		17,101		5,684
Peñasquito	Gold, Silver, Lead & Zinc	$	12,212	$	10,209
Other	Various		29,197		24,484
Total royalty revenue		$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue		$	174,431	$	146,880

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Schedule of recognized stock-based compensation expense

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Amounts in thousands)
Stock options	$	16	$	15
Stock appreciation rights		414		371
Restricted stock		1,116		997
Performance stock		(43)		110
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,503	$	1,493

Schedule of stock-based compensation awards

		Three Months Ended
		September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
		(Number of shares)
Stock options		—		2,860
Stock appreciation rights		—		64,100
Restricted stock		50,604		26,104
Performance stock (at maximum 200% attainment)		73,200		35,380
Total equity awards granted		123,804		128,444

Schedule of unrecognized compensation expense

As of September 30, 2021, unrecognized compensation expense (expressed in thousands below) and weighted-average vesting period for each of our stock-based compensation awards were as follows:

	Unrecognized		Weighted-
	compensation		average vesting
	expense		period (years)
Stock options	$	78		1.8
Stock appreciation rights		2,019		1.6
Restricted stock		8,237		2.9
Performance stock		5,565		2.6

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EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

Summary of the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS

The following tables summarize the effects of dilutive securities on diluted EPS for the periods shown below (amounts in thousands, except share data):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$	70,176	$	106,939
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS		65,556,608		65,537,714
Effect of other dilutive securities		71,237		94,975
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS		65,627,845		65,632,689
Basic EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63
Diluted EPS	$	1.07	$	1.63

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

INCOME TAXES

Components of income tax expense (benefit)

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Amounts in thousands, except rate)
Income tax expense (benefit)	$	16,028	$	(2,377)
Effective tax rate		18.5%		(2.3)%

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Schedule of geographical distribution of long-lived assets

	As of September 30, 2021						As of June 30, 2021
					Total stream						Total stream
	Stream		Royalty		and royalty		Stream		Royalty		and royalty
	interest		interest		interests, net		interest		interest		interests, net
Canada	$	599,425	$	415,213	$	1,014,638	$	624,212	$	252,547	$	876,759
Dominican Republic		358,237		—		358,237		366,698		—		366,698
Chile		253,521		224,116		477,637		256,604		224,116		480,720
Africa		287,935		321		288,256		291,112		321		291,433
Mexico		—		63,687		63,687		—		66,867		66,867
United States		—		110,153		110,153		—		112,817		112,817
Australia		—		27,788		27,788		—		28,117		28,117
Rest of world		109,618		26,616		136,234		12,038		26,709		38,747
Total	$	1,608,736	$	867,894	$	2,476,630	$	1,550,664	$	711,494	$	2,262,158

Schedule of reportable segments for assessing performance

Our reportable segments for purposes of assessing performance are shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	115,921	$	27,230	$	—	$	41,922	$	46,769
Royalty interests		58,510		—		2,054		8,597		47,859
Total	$	174,431	$	27,230	$	2,054	$	50,519	$	94,628
	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Revenue		Cost of sales (1)		Production taxes		Depletion (2)		Segment gross profit
Stream interests	$	106,503	$	21,902	$	—	$	39,027	$	45,574
Royalty interests		40,377		—		1,355		7,187		31,835
Total	$	146,880	$	21,902	$	1,355	$	46,214	$	77,409

(1) Excludes depreciation, depletion and amortization

(2) Depletion amounts are included within Depreciation, depletion and amortization on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Schedule of reconciliation of segment gross profit to consolidated income (loss)

A reconciliation of total segment gross profit to the consolidated Income before income taxes is shown below (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
		2021		2020
Total segment gross profit	$	94,628	$	77,409
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses		7,129		7,454
Exploration costs		—		563
Depreciation and amortization		92		86
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		—		33,906
Operating income		87,407		103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities		176		2,539
Interest and other income		819		421
Interest and other expense		(1,908)		(1,875)
Income before income taxes	$	86,494	$	104,297

Schedule of revenue by reportable segment geographically distributed

Our revenue by reportable segment for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, is geographically distributed as shown in the following table (amounts in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021		2020
Stream interests:
Canada	$	64,031	$	41,586
Dominican Republic		27,198		31,270
Chile		11,601		23,509
Africa		8,679		10,138
Rest of world		4,412		—
Total stream interests	$	115,921	$	106,503
Royalty interests:
United States	$	27,080	$	13,698
Mexico		15,427		11,577
Canada		6,402		7,410
Australia		6,917		4,542
Africa		602		750
Rest of world		2,082		2,400
Total royalty interests	$	58,510	$	40,377
Total revenue	$	174,431	$	146,880

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on recurring basis

	As of September 30, 2021
			Fair Value
	Carrying Amount		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets (amounts in thousands):
Marketable equity securities(1)	$	3,258	$	3,258	$	—	$	3,258	$	—

(1) Included in Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

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ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS - Red Chris and NX (Details) $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended
	Aug. 11, 2021 USD ($) ha	Aug. 06, 2021 USD ($) oz	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Payment to acquire interest			$ 265,000	$ 11,304
Carrying value			3,883,794		$ 3,618,802
Production stage royalty interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			944,677		828,448
Exploration stage royalty interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value					343,214
Production stage stream interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			2,389,852		$ 2,111,423
Red Chris
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Net smelter return (NSR) (as a percent)	1.00%
Area of mining to be eligible for concessions | ha	5,100
Payment to acquire interest	$ 165,000
Carrying value			165,000
Red Chris | Production stage royalty interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			116,105
Red Chris | Exploration stage royalty interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			48,895
Red Chris | Newcrest Mining | Red Chris
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Joint venture ownership interest (as a percent)	70.00%
Red Chris | Imperial Metals Corporation | Red Chris
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Joint venture ownership interest (as a percent)	30.00%
NX
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Payment to acquire interest		$ 100,000
Carrying value			100,000
Gold delivered (in ounces) | oz		93,000
Gold produced delivery for spot gold price threshold | oz		49,000
Future payment based on project decisions		$ 10,000
NX | Production stage stream interests
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			54,900
NX | Exploration stage stream interest
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Carrying value			$ 45,067
NX | Initial Royalty
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Gold interest (as a percent)		25.00%
Spot price paid (as a percent)		20.00%
NX | Subsequent Royalty
Significant Acquisitions and Disposals [Line Items]
Gold interest (as a percent)		10.00%
Spot price paid (as a percent)		40.00%

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STREAM AND ROYALTY INTERESTS, NET - Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021
Cost	$ 3,883,794	$ 3,618,802
Accumulated Depletion	(1,407,164)	(1,356,644)
Net	2,476,630	2,262,158
Red Chris
Cost	165,000
NX
Cost	100,000
Total production stage stream and royalty interests
Cost	3,334,529	2,939,871
Accumulated Depletion	(1,407,164)	(1,356,644)
Net	1,927,365	1,583,227
Production stage stream interests
Cost	2,389,852	2,111,423
Accumulated Depletion	(838,221)	(796,299)
Net	1,551,631	1,315,124
Production stage stream interests | Mount Milligan
Cost	790,635	790,635
Accumulated Depletion	(320,831)	(300,378)
Net	469,804	490,257
Production stage stream interests | Pueblo Viejo
Cost	610,404	610,404
Accumulated Depletion	(252,167)	(243,706)
Net	358,237	366,698
Production stage stream interests | Andacollo
Cost	388,182	388,182
Accumulated Depletion	(134,661)	(131,578)
Net	253,521	256,604
Production stage stream interests | Khoemacau
Cost	223,496
Accumulated Depletion	(78)
Net	223,418
Production stage stream interests | Rainy River
Cost	175,727	175,727
Accumulated Depletion	(46,106)	(41,772)
Net	129,621	133,955
Production stage stream interests | Wassa
Cost	146,475	146,475
Accumulated Depletion	(81,958)	(78,865)
Net	64,517	67,610
Production stage stream interests | NX
Cost	54,900
Production stage stream interests | Other
Cost	54,933
Accumulated Depletion	(2,420)
Net	52,513
Production stage royalty interests
Cost	944,677	828,448
Accumulated Depletion	(568,943)	(560,345)
Net	375,734	268,103
Production stage royalty interests | Voisey's Bay
Cost	205,724	205,724
Accumulated Depletion	(111,535)	(109,850)
Net	94,189	95,874
Production stage royalty interests | Red Chris
Cost	116,105
Net	116,105
Production stage royalty interests | Penasquito
Cost	99,172	99,172
Accumulated Depletion	(51,552)	(50,176)
Net	47,620	48,996
Production stage royalty interests | Cortez
Cost	80,681	80,681
Accumulated Depletion	(21,368)	(19,128)
Net	59,313	61,553
Production stage royalty interests | Other
Cost	442,995	442,871
Accumulated Depletion	(384,488)	(381,191)
Net	58,507	61,680
Total development stage stream and royalty interests
Cost	112,214	335,717
Net	112,214	335,717
Development stage stream interests | Khoemacau
Cost		223,502
Net		223,502
Development stage stream interests | Cote
Cost	45,421
Net	45,421
Development stage stream interests | Other
Cost	12,037	12,037
Net	12,037	12,037
Development stage royalty interests | Cote
Cost		45,423
Net		45,423
Development stage royalty interests | Other
Cost	54,756	54,755
Net	54,756	54,755
Total exploration stage stream and royalty interests
Cost	437,051
Net	437,051
Exploration stage stream interest | NX
Cost	45,067
Net	45,067
Exploration stage royalty interests
Cost		343,214
Net		343,214
Exploration stage royalty interests | Red Chris
Cost	48,895
Net	48,895
Exploration stage royalty interests | Cote
Cost	29,610	29,610
Net	29,610	29,610
Exploration stage royalty interests | Pascua-Lama
Cost	177,690	177,690
Net	177,690	177,690
Exploration stage royalty interests | Other
Cost	135,789	135,914
Net	$ 135,789	$ 135,914

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MARKETABLE EQUITY SECURITIES (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2021
Marketable Securities
Fair value changes in equity securities	$ 0.2	$ 2.5
Investment value	$ 3.3		$ 3.1
TriStar
Marketable Securities
Common stock that can be purchased by warrants (in shares)	19,640,000

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DEBT (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Oct. 08, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2021
Long-term debt disclosure
Principal		$ 100,000
Debt Issuance Costs		(4,597)		$ (3,443)
Total debt		95,403
Repayment of debt			$ 30,000
Credit Facility
Long-term debt disclosure
Principal		100,000
Debt Issuance Costs		(4,597)		$ (3,443)
Total debt		95,403
Outstanding amount under credit facility	$ 50,000	100,000
Available under the revolving credit facility	950,000	$ 900,000
Effective interest rate (as percent)		1.21%
Interest expense recognized		$ 1,000	$ 1,300
Repayment of debt	$ 50,000
LIBOR | Credit Facility
Long-term debt disclosure
Basis spread on interest rate (as a percent)		1.10%

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REVENUE (Details)	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 item
Number of revenue sources	2
Minimum
Average sale price determination period	10 days
Maximum
Average sale price determination period	3 months

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REVENUE - Metal Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	$ 174,431	$ 146,880
Stream interests
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	115,921	106,503
Stream interests | Gold
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	83,318	83,597
Stream interests | Silver
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	13,877	10,898
Stream interests | Copper
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	18,726	12,008
Royalty interests
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	58,510	40,377
Royalty interests | Gold
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	43,417	26,904
Royalty interests | Silver
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	3,952	3,441
Royalty interests | Copper
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	4,967	4,060
Royalty interests | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	$ 6,174	$ 5,972

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REVENUE - Property Disaggregation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	$ 174,431	$ 146,880
Stream interests
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	115,921	106,503
Stream interests | Mount Milligan
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	53,455	34,620
Stream interests | Pueblo Viejo
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	27,198	31,270
Stream interests | Andacollo
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	11,601	23,509
Stream interests | Wassa
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	8,033	9,108
Stream interests | Khoemacau
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	107
Stream interests | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	15,527	7,996
Royalty interests
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	58,510	40,377
Royalty interests | Cortez
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	17,101	5,684
Royalty interests | Penasquito
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	12,212	10,209
Royalty interests | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue	$ 29,197	$ 24,484

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,503	$ 1,493
Stock-based compensation awards granted (in shares)	123,804	128,444
Stock options
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 16	$ 15
Stock options granted (in shares)		2,860
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 78
Weighted-average recognition period	1 year 9 months 18 days
Stock appreciation rights
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 414	$ 371
Other than options granted (in shares)		64,100
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 2,019
Weighted-average recognition period	1 year 7 months 6 days
Restricted stock
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,116	$ 997
Other than options granted (in shares)	50,604	26,104
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 8,237
Weighted-average recognition period	2 years 10 months 24 days
Performance stock
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation expense	$ (43)	$ 110
Other than options granted (in shares)	73,200	35,380
Unrecognized compensation expense	$ 5,565
Weighted-average recognition period	2 years 7 months 6 days
Performance stock | Maximum
Stock-based compensation
Earn out basis if all goals are met (as a percent)	200.00%

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EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS") (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")
Net income attributable to Royal Gold common stockholders	$ 70,176	$ 106,939
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS	65,556,608	65,537,714
Effect of other dilutive securities	71,237	94,975
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS	65,627,845	65,632,689
Basic EPS	$ 1.07	$ 1.63
Diluted EPS	$ 1.07	$ 1.63

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INCOME TAXES - Quarterly (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 16,028	$ (2,377)
Effective tax rate (as a percent)	18.50%	(2.30%)

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SEGMENT INFORMATION (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Number of reportable segments | segment	2
Stream and royalty interest	$ 2,476,630		$ 2,262,158
Revenue	174,431	$ 146,880
Cost of sales	27,230	21,902
Production taxes	2,054	1,355
Depletion	50,519	46,214
Total segment gross profit	94,628	77,409
Canada
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	1,014,638		876,759
Dominican Republic
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	358,237		366,698
Chile
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	477,637		480,720
Africa
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	288,256		291,433
Mexico
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	63,687		66,867
United States
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	110,153		112,817
Australia
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	27,788		28,117
Rest of world
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	136,234		38,747
Stream interests
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	1,608,736		1,550,664
Revenue	115,921	106,503
Cost of sales	27,230	21,902
Depletion	41,922	39,027
Total segment gross profit	46,769	45,574
Stream interests | Canada
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	599,425		624,212
Revenue	64,031	41,586
Stream interests | Dominican Republic
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	358,237		366,698
Revenue	27,198	31,270
Stream interests | Chile
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	253,521		256,604
Revenue	11,601	23,509
Stream interests | Africa
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	287,935		291,112
Revenue	8,679	10,138
Stream interests | Rest of world
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	109,618		12,038
Revenue	4,412
Royalty interests
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	867,894		711,494
Revenue	58,510	40,377
Production taxes	2,054	1,355
Depletion	8,597	7,187
Total segment gross profit	47,859	31,835
Royalty interests | Canada
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	415,213		252,547
Revenue	6,402	7,410
Royalty interests | Chile
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	224,116		224,116
Royalty interests | Africa
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	321		321
Revenue	602	750
Royalty interests | Mexico
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	63,687		66,867
Revenue	15,427	11,577
Royalty interests | United States
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	110,153		112,817
Revenue	27,080	13,698
Royalty interests | Australia
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	27,788		28,117
Revenue	6,917	4,542
Royalty interests | Rest of world
Long Lived Assets and Pre-Tax Income by Geographical Information
Stream and royalty interest	26,616		$ 26,709
Revenue	$ 2,082	$ 2,400

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SEGMENT INFORMATION - Reconciliation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
SEGMENT INFORMATION
Total segment gross profit	$ 94,628	$ 77,409
Costs and expenses
General and administrative expenses	7,129	7,454
Exploration costs		563
Depreciation and amortization	92	86
Gain on sale of Peak Gold JV interest		33,906
Operating income	87,407	103,212
Fair value changes in equity securities	176	2,539
Interest and other income	819	421
Interest and other expense	(1,908)	(1,875)
Income before income taxes	$ 86,494	$ 104,297

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details) - Recurring basis $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Carrying Amount
Assets:
Marketable equity securities	$ 3,258
Fair Value
Assets:
Marketable equity securities	3,258
Level 2
Assets:
Marketable equity securities	$ 3,258

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details) $ in Thousands, oz in Millions			3 Months Ended
	Oct. 08, 2021 USD ($)	Jul. 07, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) oz	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies
Acquisition consideration paid			$ 265,000	$ 11,304
Cash outflow on loan			7,000
Ilovica
Commitments and Contingencies
Maximum future contingent payments			163,750
Khoemacau
Commitments and Contingencies
Total commitments			$ 42,400
Acquisition consideration paid	$ 15,900
Silver production acquired (as a percent)	84.00%		90.00%
Rate reduction threshold | oz			36.0
Silver production after threshold (as a percent)	45.00%		42.00%
Facility [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies
Cash outflow on loan		$ 7,000
Loan receivable commitment		$ 25,000
Loan receivable term		7 years
Gross loans receivable			$ 25,000
Facility [Member] | LIBOR
Commitments and Contingencies
Loans receivable variable interest rate (as a percent)		11.00%