12. INCOME TAXES

For financial reporting purposes, income before income taxes includes the following components:

	Fiscal Years Ended June 30,

	2014		2013		2012
	(Amounts in thousands)
United States	$	17,033	$	65,851	$	110,189
Foreign		65,894		71,317		42,830


	$	82,927	$	137,168	$	153,019

The Company's Income tax expense consisted of:

	Fiscal Years Ended June 30,

	2014			2013			2012
	(Amounts in thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	(3,663	)	$	30,061		$	35,556
State		334			368			310
Foreign		30,950			44,749			17,273


	$	27,621		$	75,178		$	53,139




Deferred and others:
Federal	$	(4,122	)	$	(4,341	)	$	77
State		(26	)		(27	)		—
Foreign		(4,018	)		(7,051	)		1,494


	$	(8,166	)	$	(11,419	)	$	1,571


Total income tax expense	$	19,455		$	63,759		$	54,710

The provision for income taxes for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2014, 2013 and 2012, differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable United States statutory federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (net of non-controlling interest in income of consolidated subsidiary and loss from equity investment) from operations as a result of the following differences:

	Fiscal Years Ended June 30,

	2014			2013			2012
	(Amounts in thousands)
Total expense computed by applying federal rates	$	29,024		$	48,009		$	53,557
State and provincial income taxes, net of federal benefit		334			368			310
Adjustments of valuation allowance		—			—			(1,007	)
Excess depletion		(1,114	)		(1,395	)		(1,416	)
Estimates for uncertain tax positions		(7,386	)		1,868			551
Statutory tax attributable to non-controlling interest		(293	)		(1,236	)		(2,042	)
Effect of foreign earnings		1,141			4,223			511
Effect of foreign earnings indefinitely reinvested		(1,700	)		—			—
Effect of recognized loss on available-for-sale securities		562			4,239			—
Unrealized foreign exchange gains		(367	)		1,146			(546	)
Changes in estimates and corrected errors of prior year tax		(594	)		4,979			1,075
Other		(152	)		1,558			3,717


	$	19,455		$	63,759		$	54,710

The effective tax rate includes the impact of certain undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings for which we have not provided U.S. taxes because we plan to reinvest such earnings indefinitely outside the United States. The Company has the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest these foreign earnings based on revenue and cash projections of our other investments, current cash on hand, and availability under our revolving credit facility. At June 30, 2014, the relevant foreign subsidiary had an accumulated earnings deficit due to costs incurred prior to earning income in fiscal 2014. No deferred tax has been provided on the difference between the tax basis in the stock of the consolidated subsidiary and the amount of the subsidiary's net equity determined for financial reporting purposes.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2013 as a result of continued review of the June 30, 2012 tax return and financial statement impacts of the return results, the Company recorded a $1.7 million income tax benefit resulting from an identified error. Additionally, during the quarter ended June 30, 2014, the Company recorded a $2.6 million income tax expense as a result of continued review of prior year's tax accounts. In accordance with applicable U.S. GAAP, management quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated the materiality of these errors and determined them to be immaterial to the fiscal year 2014 or prior year consolidated financial statements.

The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and liabilities at June 30, 2014 and 2013, are as follows:

	2014			2013

	(Amounts in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Stock-based compensation	$	3,511		$	3,853
Net operating losses		19,322			25,943
Other		7,068			4,460


Total deferred tax assets		29,901			34,256
Valuation allowance		(4,933	)		(4,606	)


Net deferred tax assets	$	24,968		$	29,650


Deferred tax liabilities:
Mineral property basis	$	(158,301	)	$	(165,936	)
Unrealized foreign exchange gains		(3,072	)		(3,684	)
2019 Notes		(20,002	)		(23,281	)
Other		(2,239	)		(3,561	)


Total deferred tax liabilities		(183,614	)		(196,462	)


Total net deferred taxes	$	(158,646	)	$	(166,812	)

The Company reviews the measurement of its deferred tax assets at each balance sheet date. All available evidence, both positive and negative, is considered in determining whether, based upon the weight of the evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company had $4.9 million and $4.6 million of valuation allowances recorded, respectively. The valuation allowance remaining at June 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to deferred tax asset generated by the recognized loss on available-for-sale securities and the tax basis difference as a result of unrealized losses on foreign exchange.

At June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company had $77 million and $108 million of net operating loss carry forwards, respectively. The decrease in the net operating loss carry forwards is attributable to utilization of net operating losses in non-U.S. subsidiaries. The majority of the tax loss carry forwards are in jurisdictions that allow a twenty year carry forward period. As a result, these losses do not begin to expire until the 2025 tax year, and the Company anticipates the losses will be fully utilized.

As of June 30, 2014 and 2013, the Company had $13.7 million and $21.2 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits, respectively. If recognized, these unrecognized tax benefits would positively impact the Company's effective income tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	2014			2013			2012

	(Amounts in thousands)
Total gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$	21,166		$	19,469		$	18,836
Additions / Reductions for tax positions of current year		(1,052	)		2,638			2,051
Reductions due to settlements with taxing authorities		(296	)		(941	)		—
Reductions due to lapse of statute of limitations		(6,093	)		—			(1,418	)


Total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$	13,725		$	21,166		$	19,469

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal, state and local, and non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for fiscal years before 2009. As a result of (i) statute of limitations that will begin to expire within the next 12 months in various jurisdictions, (ii) possible settlements of audit-related issues with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions with respect to which none of the issues are individually significant, and (iii) and additional accrual of exposure and interest on existing items the Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the total amount of its net unrecognized income tax benefits will not decrease in the next 12 months.

The Company's continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of its income tax expense. At June 30, 2014 and 2013, the amount of accrued income-tax-related interest and penalties was $5.4 million and $4.3 million, respectively.