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Rowe Price U.S. Treasury Funds, Inc. 2023-10-01 U.S. Treasury Intermediate Index Fund Investment Objective(s) The fund seeks a high level of income consistent with maximum credit protection and moderate fluctuation in principal. Fees and Expenses This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the fund. You may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table or example below. Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment) 20 0 0 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0021 0.0008 0.0004 0.0027 0.0014 0.0010 0 -0.0003 -0.0010 0.0027 0.0011 0.0000 Example This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, that your investment has a 5% return each year, and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example also assumes that any current expense limitation arrangement remains in place for the period noted in the previous table; therefore, the figures have been adjusted to reflect fee waivers or expense reimbursements only in the periods for which the expense limitation arrangement is expected to continue. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 28 87 152 343 11 39 73 173 0 0 0 0 Portfolio Turnover The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 267.2% of the average value of its portfolio. 2.672 Principal Investment Strategies The fund seeks to track the investment returns of its benchmark index, the Bloomberg U.S. 4-10 Year Treasury Bond Index (Index). Under normal conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities that are held in the Index and at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The remainder of the portfolio may be invested in other securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The fund’s weighted average maturity is expected to normally range between three and ten years, and it will vary consistent with the weighted average maturity of the Index. As of July 31, 2023, the fund’s weighted average maturity was 6.10 years.The Index consists of U.S. dollar-denominated, fixed rate nominal debt issued by the U.S. Treasury with maturities between four and ten years. To be eligible for inclusion in the Index, a security must be an obligation of the U.S. Treasury, rated investment grade, have a fixed rate coupon or zero coupon with at least $250 million or more of outstanding face value, and have greater than four years and less than ten years remaining to maturity. The Index is market value weighted and the securities represented in the Index are updated on the last business day of each month. The composition of the Index is rebalanced at each month-end and represents the fixed set of securities on which Index returns are calculated for the next month. As of July 31, 2023, there were 80 securities in the Index.The adviser does not attempt to fully replicate the Index for the fund by holding each of the bonds represented in the Index. The portfolio will be structured to maintain an investment and risk profile, and overall characteristics, similar to the Index. However, the adviser seeks to closely track the returns of the Index and more efficiently replicate the key risk factors of the Index (such as maturity, duration, and credit quality) by attempting to capitalize on market inefficiencies through structural portfolio positioning and making small tactical bets on inflation, duration, and yield curve positioning. Duration, which is expressed in years, is a calculation that attempts to measure the price sensitivity of a bond or bond fund to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with a duration of three years would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. A bond fund with a longer duration should be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a bond fund with a shorter duration.U.S. Treasury securities in which the fund may invest include Treasury bills, notes, and bonds (which includes Treasury STRIPS), as well as Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. The fund may use a variety of derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps, for a number of purposes, such as for exposure or hedging. Specifically, the fund uses interest rate futures and U.S. Treasury futures, and options on those instruments, to manage duration and tactically gain or limit exposure to certain areas of the markets. The fund buys and sells U.S. Treasury futures, which are futures contracts collateralized by U.S. Treasury bonds or notes, to gain efficient exposure to U.S. Treasury securities, help realign the portfolio with the Index, adjust its sensitivity to interest rate changes, and/or manage cash flows into and out of the fund. Investments in U.S. Treasury futures will be counted toward the fund’s 80% investment policies. Interest rate futures are typically used to manage the fund’s exposure to interest rate changes or to adjust portfolio duration.The fund’s other investments may include the following:· Securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (including, but not limited to, securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association and other government agencies and certain corporate debt securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies); and· Shares of a T. Rowe Price internal money market fund or short-term bond fund that invests exclusively in securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Principal Risks As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective(s). The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. While U.S. government-backed securities generally are considered to be among the highest credit quality, they are subject to market risk. The U.S. government guarantees the timely payment of interest and principal on U.S. Treasury securities but does not guarantee their price. The principal risks of investing in this fund, which may be even greater in bad or uncertain market conditions, are summarized as follows:Interest rates: The prices of, and the income generated by, debt instruments held by the fund may be affected by changes in interest rates. A rise in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to fall and its yield to rise. Conversely, a decline in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to rise and the yield to fall. The prices and yields of inflation-linked bonds are directly impacted by the rate of inflation as well as changes in interest rates. Generally, funds with longer weighted average maturities and durations carry greater interest rate risk. Changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or governments, such as the discontinuation and replacement of benchmark rates, are likely to affect the interest rates or yields of the securities in which the fund invests.Index investing: Because the fund is managed to track the performance of its benchmark index, holdings are generally not reallocated based on changes in market conditions or the outlook for interest rates and U.S. Treasury securities.Tracking error: The returns of the fund may deviate from the returns of its benchmark index (referred to as “tracking error”) because the fund incurs fees and transaction expenses while the index has no fees or expenses. Increased tracking error could also result from changes in the composition of the index or the timing of purchases and redemptions of fund shares. The fund does not attempt to fully replicate its benchmark index, which increases the potential for the fund’s performance to deviate from that of its index.Fixed income markets: Economic and other market developments can adversely affect the fixed income securities markets. At times, participants in these markets may develop concerns about the ability of certain issuers of debt instruments to make timely principal and interest payments, or they may develop concerns about the ability of financial institutions that make markets in certain debt instruments to facilitate an orderly market. Those concerns could cause increased volatility and reduced liquidity in particular securities or in the overall fixed income markets and the related derivatives markets. A lack of liquidity or other adverse credit market conditions may hamper the fund’s ability to sell the debt instruments in which it invests or to find and purchase suitable debt instruments.Market conditions: The value of the fund’s investments may decrease, sometimes rapidly or unexpectedly, due to factors affecting an issuer held by the fund, particular industries, or the overall securities markets. A variety of factors can increase the volatility of the fund’s holdings and markets generally, including economic, political, or regulatory developments, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, and outbreaks of infectious illnesses or other widespread public health issues such as the coronavirus pandemic and related governmental and public responses (including sanctions). Certain events may cause instability across global markets, including reduced liquidity and disruptions in trading markets, while some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others. Government intervention in markets may impact interest rates, market volatility, and security pricing. These adverse developments may cause broad declines in market value due to short-term market movements or for significantly longer periods during more prolonged market downturns.Derivatives: The use of derivatives exposes the fund to additional volatility and potential losses. A derivative involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the assets on which the derivative is based, including liquidity risk, valuation risk, correlation risk, market risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk, counterparty and credit risk, operational risk, management risk, legal risk, and regulatory risk. Derivatives can be highly volatile, illiquid, and difficult to value, and changes in the value of a derivative may not properly correlate with changes in the value of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index. The fund could be exposed to significant losses if it is unable to close a derivatives position due to the lack of a liquid secondary trading market. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. Certain derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the derivative counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The use of derivatives includes the risk of potential operational issues, such as settlement issues. Derivatives are exposed to legal risks, such as the legality or enforceability of a contract. The adviser may not be able to accurately predict the direction of prices, economic factors, or other associated risks which could cause loss in value or impair the fund’s efforts to reduce overall volatility. New regulations may make derivatives more costly, limit availability, or otherwise affect their value or performance.Liquidity: The fund may not be able to meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining shareholders’ interests in the fund. In addition, the fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at a desired price. Reduced liquidity in the bond markets can result from a number of events, such as limited trading activity, reductions in bond inventory, and rapid or unexpected changes in interest rates. Markets with lower overall liquidity could lead to greater price volatility and limit the fund’s ability to sell a holding at a suitable price.Portfolio turnover: High portfolio turnover may adversely affect the fund’s performance and increase transaction costs, which could increase the fund’s expenses. High portfolio turnover may also result in the distribution of higher capital gains when compared with a fund with less active trading policies, which could have an adverse tax impact if the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. Credit quality: An issuer of a debt instrument could suffer an adverse change in financial condition that results in a payment default (failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments), a rating downgrade, or an inability to meet a financial obligation. The fund should have relatively low credit risk because it invests only in securities backed by the U.S. government and other investments involving such securities.Cybersecurity breaches: The fund could be harmed by intentional cyberattacks and other cybersecurity breaches, including unauthorized access to the fund’s assets, confidential information, or other proprietary information. In addition, a cybersecurity breach could cause one of the fund’s service providers or financial intermediaries to suffer unauthorized data access, data corruption, or loss of operational functionality. The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. Performance The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results.The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund, if applicable. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results. Calendar Year Returns <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%"><tr style="font-size:1pt;"><td style="width:9.02%;"> </td><td style="width:14.01%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:.49%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:5.5%;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Best Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">3/31/20</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">7.51%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Worst Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">3/31/22</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">-5.66%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr></table> Best Quarter 2020-03-31 0.0751 Worst Quarter 2022-03-31 -0.0566 The fund’s return for the six months ended 6/30/23 was 0.53%. The fund’s return for the six months ended 2023-06-30 0.0053 The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund, if applicable.In addition, the table shows hypothetical after-tax returns to demonstrate how taxes paid by a shareholder may influence returns. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or an IRA. After-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Class and will differ for other share classes. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or an IRA. After-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Class and will differ for other share classes. Average Annual Total Returns Periods ended December 31, 2022 1989-09-29 -0.1233 -0.0022 0.0021 -0.1285 -0.0092 -0.0060 -0.0729 -0.0043 -0.0014 2017-05-03 -0.1204 -0.0007 -0.0004 2021-02-22 -0.1209 -0.0735 Bloomberg U.S. 4-10 Year Treasury Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes 0.0021 -0.1147 0.0019 0.0070 -0.0692 Lipper General U.S. Treasury Funds Average -0.0066 -0.2059 -0.0136 0.0048 -0.1098 Updated performance information is available through troweprice.com. troweprice.com U.S. Treasury Long-Term Index Fund Investment Objective(s) The fund seeks to provide high income consistent with maximum credit protection. Fees and Expenses This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the fund. You may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table or example below. Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment) 20 0 0 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0033 0.0004 0.0001 0.0039 0.0010 0.0007 -0.0010 0 -0.0007 0.0029 0.0010 0.0000 Example This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, that your investment has a 5% return each year, and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example also assumes that any current expense limitation arrangement remains in place for the period noted in the previous table; therefore, the figures have been adjusted to reflect fee waivers or expense reimbursements only in the periods for which the expense limitation arrangement is expected to continue. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 30 105 198 473 10 32 56 128 0 0 0 0 Portfolio Turnover The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when the fund’s shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 96.9% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.969 Principal Investment Strategies The fund seeks to track the investment returns of its benchmark index, the Bloomberg U.S. Long Treasury Bond Index (Index). Under normal conditions, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in securities that are held in the Index and at least 80% of its net assets (including any borrowings for investment purposes) in U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The remainder of the portfolio may be invested in other securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The fund’s weighted average maturity will normally exceed 10 years, and it will vary consistent with the weighted average maturity of the Index. As of July 31, 2023, the fund’s weighted average maturity was 23.18 years.The Index consists of U.S. dollar-denominated, fixed rate nominal debt issued by the U.S. Treasury with maturities of 10 years or more. To be eligible for inclusion in the Index, a security must be an obligation of the U.S. Treasury, rated investment grade, have a fixed rate coupon or zero coupon with at least $250 million or more of outstanding face value, and have 10 years or more remaining to maturity. The Index is market value weighted and the securities represented in the Index are updated on the last business day of each month. The composition of the Index is rebalanced at each month-end and represents the fixed set of securities on which Index returns are calculated for the next month. As of July 31, 2023, there were 76 securities in the Index.The adviser does not attempt to fully replicate the Index for the fund by holding each of the bonds represented in the Index. The portfolio will be structured to maintain an investment and risk profile, and overall characteristics, similar to the Index. However, the adviser seeks to closely track the returns of the Index and more efficiently replicate the key risk factors of the Index (such as maturity, duration, and credit quality) by attempting to capitalize on market inefficiencies through structural portfolio positioning and making small tactical bets on inflation, duration, and yield curve positioning. Duration, which is expressed in years, is a calculation that attempts to measure the price sensitivity of a bond or bond fund to changes in interest rates. For example, the price of a bond fund with a duration of three years would be expected to fall approximately 3% if interest rates rose by one percentage point. A bond fund with a longer duration should be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a bond fund with a shorter duration.U.S. Treasury securities in which the fund may invest include Treasury bills, notes, and bonds (which includes Treasury STRIPS), as well as Treasury Inflation Protected Securities. The fund may use a variety of derivatives, such as futures, options, and swaps, for a number of purposes, such as for exposure or hedging. Specifically, the fund uses interest rate futures and U.S. Treasury futures, and options on those instruments, to manage duration and tactically gain or limit exposure to certain areas of the markets. The fund buys and sells U.S. Treasury futures, which are futures contracts collateralized by U.S. Treasury bonds or notes, to gain efficient exposure to U.S. Treasury securities, help realign the portfolio with the Index, adjust its sensitivity to interest rate changes, and/or manage cash flows into and out of the fund. Investments in U.S. Treasury futures will be counted toward the fund’s 80% investment policies. Interest rate futures are typically used to manage the fund’s exposure to interest rate changes or to adjust portfolio duration.The fund’s other investments may include the following:· Securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (including, but not limited to, securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association and other government agencies and certain corporate debt securities guaranteed by U.S. government agencies); and· Shares of a T. Rowe Price internal money market fund or short-term bond fund that invests exclusively in securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Principal Risks As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective(s). The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. While U.S. government-backed securities generally are considered to be among the highest credit quality, they are subject to market risk. The U.S. government guarantees the timely payment of interest and principal on U.S. Treasury securities but does not guarantee their price. The principal risks of investing in this fund, which may be even greater in bad or uncertain market conditions, are summarized as follows:Interest rates: The prices of, and the income generated by, debt instruments held by the fund may be affected by changes in interest rates. A rise in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to fall and its yield to rise. Conversely, a decline in interest rates typically causes the price of a fixed rate debt instrument to rise and the yield to fall. The prices and yields of inflation-linked bonds are directly impacted by the rate of inflation as well as changes in interest rates. Generally, funds with longer weighted average maturities and durations carry greater interest rate risk. Changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or governments, such as the discontinuation and replacement of benchmark rates, are likely to affect the interest rates or yields of the securities in which the fund invests.Index investing: Because the fund is managed to track the performance of its benchmark index, holdings are generally not reallocated based on changes in market conditions or the outlook for interest rates and U.S. Treasury securities.Tracking error: The returns of the fund may deviate from the returns of its benchmark index (referred to as “tracking error”) because the fund incurs fees and transaction expenses while the index has no fees or expenses. Increased tracking error could also result from changes in the composition of the index or the timing of purchases and redemptions of fund shares. The fund does not attempt to fully replicate its benchmark index, which increases the potential for the fund’s performance to deviate from that of its index.Fixed income markets: Economic and other market developments can adversely affect the fixed income securities markets. At times, participants in these markets may develop concerns about the ability of certain issuers of debt instruments to make timely principal and interest payments, or they may develop concerns about the ability of financial institutions that make markets in certain debt instruments to facilitate an orderly market. Those concerns could cause increased volatility and reduced liquidity in particular securities or in the overall fixed income markets and the related derivatives markets. A lack of liquidity or other adverse credit market conditions may hamper the fund’s ability to sell the debt instruments in which it invests or to find and purchase suitable debt instruments.Market conditions: The value of the fund’s investments may decrease, sometimes rapidly or unexpectedly, due to factors affecting an issuer held by the fund, particular industries, or the overall securities markets. A variety of factors can increase the volatility of the fund’s holdings and markets generally, including economic, political, or regulatory developments, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, and outbreaks of infectious illnesses or other widespread public health issues such as the coronavirus pandemic and related governmental and public responses (including sanctions). Certain events may cause instability across global markets, including reduced liquidity and disruptions in trading markets, while some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others. Government intervention in markets may impact interest rates, market volatility, and security pricing. These adverse developments may cause broad declines in market value due to short-term market movements or for significantly longer periods during more prolonged market downturns.Derivatives: The use of derivatives exposes the fund to additional volatility and potential losses. A derivative involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the assets on which the derivative is based, including liquidity risk, valuation risk, correlation risk, market risk, interest rate risk, leverage risk, counterparty and credit risk, operational risk, management risk, legal risk, and regulatory risk. Derivatives can be highly volatile, illiquid, and difficult to value, and changes in the value of a derivative may not properly correlate with changes in the value of the underlying asset, reference rate, or index. The fund could be exposed to significant losses if it is unable to close a derivatives position due to the lack of a liquid secondary trading market. The prices of derivatives may move in unexpected ways, especially in abnormal market conditions. Certain derivatives are also subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the derivative counterparty will not fulfill its contractual obligations. The use of derivatives includes the risk of potential operational issues, such as settlement issues. Derivatives are exposed to legal risks, such as the legality or enforceability of a contract. The adviser may not be able to accurately predict the direction of prices, economic factors, or other associated risks which could cause loss in value or impair the fund’s efforts to reduce overall volatility. New regulations may make derivatives more costly, limit availability, or otherwise affect their value or performance.Liquidity: The fund may not be able to meet requests to redeem shares issued by the fund without significant dilution of the remaining shareholders’ interests in the fund. In addition, the fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at a desired price. Reduced liquidity in the bond markets can result from a number of events, such as limited trading activity, reductions in bond inventory, and rapid or unexpected changes in interest rates. Markets with lower overall liquidity could lead to greater price volatility and limit the fund’s ability to sell a holding at a suitable price.Credit quality: An issuer of a debt instrument could suffer an adverse change in financial condition that results in a payment default (failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments), a rating downgrade, or an inability to meet a financial obligation. The fund should have relatively low credit risk because it invests only in securities backed by the U.S. government and other investments involving such securities.Cybersecurity breaches: The fund could be harmed by intentional cyberattacks and other cybersecurity breaches, including unauthorized access to the fund’s assets, confidential information, or other proprietary information. In addition, a cybersecurity breach could cause one of the fund’s service providers or financial intermediaries to suffer unauthorized data access, data corruption, or loss of operational functionality. The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. Performance The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results.The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund, if applicable. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance (before and after taxes) and is not necessarily an indication of future results. Calendar Year Returns <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%"><tr style="font-size:1pt;"><td style="width:9.02%;"> </td><td style="width:14.01%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:.49%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:5.5%;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Best Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">3/31/20</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">21.43%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Worst Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">3/31/21</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">-13.31%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr></table> Best Quarter 2020-03-31 0.2143 Worst Quarter 2021-03-31 -0.1331 The fund’s return for the six months ended 6/30/23 was 3.36%. The fund’s return for the six months ended 2023-06-30 0.0336 The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a relevant broad-based market index, as well as with the returns of one or more comparative indexes that have investment characteristics similar to those of the fund, if applicable.In addition, the table shows hypothetical after-tax returns to demonstrate how taxes paid by a shareholder may influence returns. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or an IRA. After-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Class and will differ for other share classes. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as a 401(k) account or an IRA. After-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Class and will differ for other share classes. Average Annual Total Returns Periods ended December 31, 2022 1989-09-29 -0.3000 -0.0258 0.0006 -0.3070 -0.0482 -0.0179 -0.1771 -0.0225 -0.0035 2017-05-03 -0.2985 -0.0241 -0.0121 2020-03-16 -0.2978 -0.1401 Bloomberg U.S. Long Treasury Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes -0.0102 -0.2926 -0.0220 0.0060 -0.1418 Lipper General U.S. Treasury Funds Average -0.0066 -0.2059 -0.0136 0.0048 -0.0972 Updated performance information is available through troweprice.com. troweprice.com U.S. Treasury Money Fund Investment Objective(s) The fund seeks maximum preservation of capital and liquidity and, consistent with these goals, the highest possible current income. Fees and Expenses This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the fund. You may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling shares of the fund, which are not reflected in the table or example below. Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment) 20 0 0 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0012 0.0006 0.0001 0.0030 0.0024 0.0019 0 -0.0001 -0.0019 0.0030 0.0023 0.0000 Example This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods, that your investment has a 5% return each year, and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The example also assumes that any current expense limitation arrangement remains in place for the period noted in the previous table; therefore, the figures have been adjusted to reflect fee waivers or expense reimbursements only in the periods for which the expense limitation arrangement is expected to continue. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 31 97 169 381 24 75 133 304 0 0 0 0 Principal Investment Strategies The fund is a money market fund managed in compliance with Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and is managed to provide a stable share price of $1.00. The fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in U.S. Treasury securities, which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government, and repurchase agreements for those securities. The remainder is invested in other securities backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and repurchase agreements for those securities. The fund intends to operate as a “government money market fund” in accordance with Rule 2a-7. “Government money market funds” are required to invest at least 99.5% of their total assets in cash, U.S. government securities, and/or repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by government securities or cash. A government security is a security issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the fund (buyer) purchases a security, usually a U.S. government or agency security, from a bank or well-established securities dealer (seller) that requires the seller to repurchase the securities from the fund at a specific price on a designated date (which is often the next business day).The fund’s weighted average maturity will not exceed 60 calendar days, the fund’s weighted average life will not exceed 120 calendar days, and the fund will not purchase any security with a remaining maturity longer than 397 calendar days (unless otherwise permitted by Rule 2a-7). When calculating its weighted average maturity, the fund may shorten its maturity by using the interest rate resets of certain adjustable rate securities. The fund may not take into account these resets when calculating its weighted average life.The securities purchased by the fund are subject to the maturity, quality, diversification, liquidity, and overall risk-limiting conditions and other requirements of Rule 2a-7. In selecting securities for the fund, the portfolio manager may examine relationships among yields of various types and maturities of government money market securities in the context of interest rate outlooks. The fund’s yield will fluctuate with changes in short-term interest rates. U.S. Treasury securities in which the fund may invest include Treasury bills and notes, and repurchase agreements for those securities. Other government securities in which the fund may invest include non-U.S. Treasury securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government (such as securities issued by Government National Mortgage Association and other government agencies and securities issued by certain nongovernmental entities but guaranteed by the U.S. government). Principal Risks As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective(s). You could lose money by investing in the fund. Although the fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the fund is not a bank account and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., is not required to reimburse the fund for losses, and you should not expect that T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., will provide financial support to the fund at any time, including during periods of market stress.Some money market funds have experienced significant pressures from shareholder redemptions, issuer credit downgrades, illiquid markets, and historically low yields on the securities they can hold. There have been a very small number of money market funds in other fund companies that have “broken the buck,” which means that those funds’ investors did not receive $1.00 per share for their investment in those funds. The SEC has adopted amendments to the rules applicable to money market funds, which will change the operations and liquidity for certain money market funds. The SEC may adopt additional changes in the future. The potential for realizing a loss of principal in the fund could derive from:Stable net asset value: The fund may not be able to maintain a stable $1.00 share price at all times. The fund’s shareholders should not rely on or expect the fund’s investment adviser or an affiliate to purchase distressed assets from the fund, enter into capital support agreements with the fund, make capital infusions into the fund, or take other actions to help the fund maintain a stable $1.00 share price. Redemptions: The fund may be subject to periods of increased redemptions that could cause the fund to sell its assets at disadvantageous times or at a depressed value or loss, particularly during periods of declining or illiquid markets, and that could affect the fund’s ability to maintain a stable $1.00 share price.Liquidity: The fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at its current carrying value. Periods of reduced liquidity in money markets could require the fund to liquidate its assets at inopportune times or at a depressed value, cause the fund to be unable to meet redemption requests without dilution of the remaining shareholders’ interests in the fund, and potentially affect the fund’s ability to maintain a $1.00 share price. Credit quality: An issuer of a debt instrument or a provider of credit support could suffer an adverse change in financial condition that results in a payment default (failure to make scheduled interest or principal payments), a rating downgrade, or an inability to meet a financial obligation. The fund’s overall credit risk is relatively low since it invests in securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.Interest rates: A decline in interest rates may lower the fund’s yield, or a rise in the overall level of interest rates may cause a decline in the prices of fixed income securities held by the fund. The fund’s yield will vary; it is not fixed for a specific period like the yield on a bank certificate of deposit. This is a disadvantage when interest rates are falling because the fund would have to reinvest proceeds of maturing securities at lower interest rates. During periods of extremely low short-term interest rates, the fund may not be able to maintain a positive yield. Given the current elevated inflation environment, risks associated with rising interest rates are currently heightened. Repurchase agreements: A counterparty to a repurchase agreement may become insolvent or fail to repurchase securities from the fund as required, which could increase the fund’s costs or prevent the fund from immediately accessing its collateral.Market conditions: The value of the fund’s investments may decrease, sometimes rapidly or unexpectedly, due to factors affecting an issuer held by the fund, particular industries, or the overall securities markets. A variety of factors can increase the volatility of the fund’s holdings and markets generally, including economic, political, or regulatory developments, recessions, inflation, rapid interest rate changes, war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, and outbreaks of infectious illnesses or other widespread public health issues such as the coronavirus pandemic and related governmental and public responses (including sanctions). Certain events may cause instability across global markets, including reduced liquidity and disruptions in trading markets, while some events may affect certain geographic regions, countries, sectors, and industries more significantly than others. Government intervention in markets may impact interest rates, market volatility, and security pricing. These adverse developments may cause broad declines in market value due to short-term market movements or for significantly longer periods during more prolonged market downturns.Cybersecurity breaches: The fund could be harmed by intentional cyberattacks and other cybersecurity breaches, including unauthorized access to the fund’s assets, confidential information, or other proprietary information. In addition, a cybersecurity breach could cause one of the fund’s service providers or financial intermediaries to suffer unauthorized data access, data corruption, or loss of operational functionality. You could lose money by investing in the fund. An investment in the fund is not a bank account and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Performance The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance and is not necessarily an indication of future results.The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following performance information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. The following bar chart illustrates how much returns can differ from year to year by showing calendar year returns and the best and worst calendar quarter returns during those years for the fund’s Investor Class. Returns for other share classes vary since they have different expenses. The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a comparative index that has investment characteristics similar to those of the fund. The fund’s performance information represents only past performance and is not necessarily an indication of future results. Calendar Year Returns <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse" width="100%"><tr style="font-size:1pt;"><td style="width:9.02%;"> </td><td style="width:14.01%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:.49%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:14.99%;"> </td><td style="width:13%;"> </td><td style="width:5.5%;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Quarter Ended</td><td style="vertical-align:top;">Total Return</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Best Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">12/31/22</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">0.86%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">Worst Quarter</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">6/30/15</td><td style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#E6E6E6;">0.00%</td><td style="vertical-align:top; font-size:1pt;"> </td></tr></table> Best Quarter 2022-12-31 0.0086 Worst Quarter 2015-06-30 0.0000 The fund’s return for the six months ended 6/30/23 was 2.23%. The fund’s return for the six months ended 2023-06-30 0.0223 The following table shows the average annual total returns for each class of the fund that has been in operation for at least one full calendar year, and also compares the returns with the returns of a comparative index that has investment characteristics similar to those of the fund. Average Annual Total Returns Periods ended December 31, 2022 1982-06-28 0.0146 0.0102 0.0056 2017-05-03 0.0152 0.0107 0.0103 2020-03-16 0.0173 0.0071 Lipper US Treasury Money Market Funds Index 0.0095 0.0133 0.0100 0.0055 0.0050 Updated performance information is available through troweprice.com. troweprice.com 485BPOS 2023-05-01 0000853437 false 2023-09-28 2023-10-01 N-1A -0.0411 0.0439 0.0108 0.0062 0.0138 0.0101 0.0656 0.0806 -0.0301 -0.1233 -0.1322 0.236 -0.0189 0.0071 0.0822 -0.0187 0.1406 0.1823 -0.0525 -0.30 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0049 0.0148 0.0189 0.0027 0.0001 0.0146 ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule4 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule5 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule6 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRBarChart7 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule8 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule11 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule12 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule13 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRBarChart14 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule15 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule18 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule19 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule20 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRBarChart21 ~ ~ http://troweprice.com/20230501/role/RRSchedule22 ~ September 30, 2025 September 30, 2025 September 30, 2025 Subject to certain exceptions and account minimums, accounts are charged an annual $20 fee. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed (through September 30, 2025) to pay the operating expenses of the fund’s I Class excluding management fees; interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses (I Class Operating Expenses), to the extent the I Class Operating Expenses exceed 0.05% of the class’ average daily net assets. The agreement may only be terminated at any time after September 30, 2025, with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Any expenses paid under this agreement (and any applicable prior limitations) are subject to reimbursement to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., by the class whenever the I Class Operating Expenses are below 0.05%. However, the class will not reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., more than three years from the date such amounts were initially waived or paid. The class may only reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., if the reimbursement does not cause the I Class Operating Expenses (after the reimbursement is taken into account) to exceed the current expense limitation on I Class Operating Expenses (or the expense limitation in place at the time the amounts were waived or paid). T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed to waive and/or bear all the Z Class’ expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses) in their entirety. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., expects this fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangement to remain in place indefinitely, and the agreement may only be amended or terminated with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Return since 5/3/17. Return since 2/22/21. Return since 4/30/17. Return since 2/28/21. Subject to certain exceptions and account minimums, accounts are charged an annual $20 fee. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed (through September 30, 2025) to waive its fees and/or bear any expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses) that would cause the class’ ratio of expenses to average daily net assets to exceed 0.29%. The agreement may only be terminated at any time after September 30, 2025, with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Fees waived and expenses paid under this agreement (and any applicable prior limitations) are subject to reimbursement to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., by the class whenever the class’ expense ratio is below 0.29%. However, the class will not reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., more than three years from the date such amounts were initially waived or paid. The class may only reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., if the reimbursement does not cause the class’ expense ratio (after the reimbursement is taken into account) to exceed the class’ current expense limitation (or the expense limitation in place at the time the amounts were waived or paid). T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed to waive and/or bear all the Z Class’ expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses) in their entirety. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., expects this fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangement to remain in place indefinitely, and the agreement may only be amended or terminated with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Return since 5/3/17. Return since 3/16/20. Return since 4/30/17. Return since 3/31/20. Subject to certain exceptions and account minimums, accounts are charged an annual $20 fee. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed (through September 30, 2025) to pay the operating expenses of the fund’s I Class excluding management fees; interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses (I Class Operating Expenses), to the extent the I Class Operating Expenses exceed 0.05% of the class’ average daily net assets. The agreement may only be terminated at any time after September 30, 2025, with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Any expenses paid under this agreement (and any applicable prior limitations) are subject to reimbursement to T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., by the class whenever the I Class Operating Expenses are below 0.05%. However, the class will not reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., more than three years from the date such amounts were initially waived or paid. The class may only reimburse T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., if the reimbursement does not cause the I Class Operating Expenses (after the reimbursement is taken into account) to exceed the current expense limitation on I Class Operating Expenses (or the expense limitation in place at the time the amounts were waived or paid). T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., has contractually agreed to waive and/or bear all the Z Class’ expenses (excluding interest; expenses related to borrowings, taxes, and brokerage; nonrecurring, extraordinary expenses; and acquired fund fees and expenses) in their entirety. T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc., expects this fee waiver and/or expense reimbursement arrangement to remain in place indefinitely, and the agreement may only be amended or terminated with approval by the fund’s Board of Directors. Return since 4/30/17. Return since 3/31/20.