Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 28, 2022

Schedule of Provisions for (Benefits From) Income Taxes

The provisions for (benefits from) income taxes were as follows:


	Fiscal Year Ended
	December 28, 2022		December 29, 2021		December 30, 2020
	(In thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	6,128	$	12,997	$	(3,497)
State and local	2,160		3,105		(109)
Foreign	1,152		862		667
Deferred:
Federal	11,043		6,826		393
State and local	3,689		7,271		3,588
Increase (decrease) of valuation allowance	546		(5,031)		(3,041)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	24,718	$	26,030	$	(1,999)

Schedule of Reconciliation of Income Taxes U.S. Federal Statutory Tax Rate

The reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate was as follows:


	December 28, 2022		December 29, 2021		December 30, 2020
Statutory provision rate	21	%	21	%	21	%
State, foreign and local taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	6		5		(11)
Change in state valuation allowance	—		(1)		(1)

General business credits generated	(1)		(2)		9
Foreign tax credits generated	(1)		1		2
Carryback of net operating loss rate differential	—		—		12
Section 162(m) and share-based compensation	—		1		(11)
Insurance premiums	—		—		5

Other	—		—		2
Effective tax rate	25	%	25	%	28	%

Schedule of Deferred Income Tax Assets or Liabilities

The following table represents the approximate tax effect of each significant type of temporary difference that resulted in deferred income tax assets or liabilities.


	December 28, 2022		December 29, 2021
	(In thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Self-insurance accruals	$	2,094	$	2,594
Finance lease liabilities	1,230		1,281
Operating lease liabilities	33,028		35,545
Accrued exit costs	21		19

Interest rate swaps	—		13,221
Pension, other retirement and compensation plans	11,239		11,259
Deferred income	4,396		4,675
Other accruals	918		—

General business and foreign tax credit carryforwards - state and federal	2,387		2,218
Net operating loss carryforwards - state	1,157		1,429

Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	56,470		72,241
Less: valuation allowance	(2,738)		(2,192)
Total deferred tax assets	53,732		70,049
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangible assets	(15,706)		(14,874)
Contract assets	(1,360)		—
Deferred finance costs	(250)		(313)
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(29,822)		(32,198)
Fixed assets	(9,291)		(10,134)
Interest rate swaps	(4,722)		—
Other accruals	—		(1,028)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(61,151)		(58,547)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	(7,419)	$	11,502

Summary of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits:


	December 28, 2022		December 29, 2021
	(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,047	$	1,047

Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(178)		—
Balance, end of year	$	869	$	1,047