Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payments granted for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718-10. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the options’ or other awards’ estimated lives for fixed awards with ratable vesting provisions.

Under the Company’s 2012 Incentive Plan (“2012 Plan”), the Company's principal stock compensation plan as of May 9, 2012, the Company reserved up to a maximum of 3,200 shares of common stock for issuance upon the grant or exercise of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and other types of awards, to directors and key employees through December 31, 2022. Option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant and generally vest between three and five years with a 10-year contractual term. Restricted stock and RSUs are granted with a price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant and generally vest between three and five years.

Stock Option Plans

Additional information relating to the Company’s stock option plans follows:



	2016			2015		2014
Options outstanding at beginning of year	169			298		425
Options exercised	(78		)	(66	)	(108	)
Options forfeited and expired	—			(63	)	(19	)
Options outstanding at end of year	91			169		298
Options exercisable at end of year	90			164		257
Option prices per share:
Options exercised during the year	$ 28.37-93.65			28.37-93.65		28.37-93.65
Options forfeited and expired during the year	$	—		28.37-88.33		46.80-93.65
Options outstanding at end of year	$ 57.34-66.14			28.37-93.65		28.37-93.65
Options exercisable at end of year	$ 57.34-66.14			28.37-93.65		28.37-93.65

During 2016, 2015 and 2014, a total of 1, 1 and 0 shares, respectively, were awarded to the non-employee directors in lieu of cash for their annual retainers.

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to 15,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares. The Company purchased common stock for the year ended December 31, 2014, of 2 shares. Since the inception of the program, a total of approximately 11,521 shares have been repurchased at an aggregate cost of approximately $335,455. All of these repurchases have been financed through the Company’s operations and banking arrangements.

A summary of the Company’s options under the 2002, 2007 and 2012 Plans as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the year then ended is presented as follows:



	Shares		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
Options outstanding, December 31, 2015	169		$	61.73
Granted	—		—
Exercised	(78	)	59.24
Forfeited and expired	—		—
Options outstanding, December 31, 2016	91		$	63.84	4.9	$	12,360
Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	91		$	63.84	4.9	$	12,360
Exercisable as of December 31, 2016	90		$	63.82	4.9	$	12,227

The Company has not granted options since the year ended December 31, 2012. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014 was $10,571, $7,252 and 6,613, respectively. Total compensation expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $40 ($24, net of tax), $209 ($131, net of tax) and $865 ($548, net of tax), respectively, which was allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses. The remaining unamortized expense for non-vested compensation expense as of December 31, 2016 was $4 with a weighted average remaining life of 0.15 years.

The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2016:



	Outstanding				Exercisable
Exercise price range	Number of shares	Average life	Average price		Number of shares	Average price
$57.34-$57.34	23,735	4.1	57.34		23,735	57.34
$66.14-$66.14	67,258	5.1	66.14		66,258	66.14
Total	90,993	4.9	$	63.84	89,993	$	63.82

Restricted Stock Plans

A summary of the Company’s RSUs under the 2007 and 2012 Plans as of December 31, 2016, and changes during the year then ended is presented as follows:



	Shares		Weighted average grant date fair value		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
Restricted Stock Units outstanding, December 31, 2015	750		$	84.67
Granted	187		184.88
Released	(226	)	78.94
Forfeited	(16	)	84.20
Restricted Stock Units outstanding, December 31, 2016	695		$	113.51	1.4	$	127,856
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2016	682				1.4	$	125,203

The Company recognized stock-based compensation costs related to the issuance of RSUs of $35,019 ($21,250, net of taxes), $32,343 ($20,832, net of taxes) and $27,016 (10,735, net of taxes) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which has been allocated to selling, general and administrative expenses. Pre-tax unrecognized compensation expense for unvested RSUs granted to employees, net of estimated forfeitures, was $27,917 as of December 31, 2016, and will be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.61 years.

Additional information relating to the Company’s RSUs under the 2007 and 2012 Plans is as follows:



	2016		2015		2014
Restricted Stock Units outstanding, January 1	750		725		733
Granted	187		248		189
Released	(226	)	(212	)	(189	)
Forfeited	(16	)	(11	)	(8	)
Restricted Stock Units outstanding, December 31	695		750		725
Expected to vest as of December 31	682		731		691