Property, plant and equipment, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

7. Property, plant and equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net at December 31 were:


in $ millions	2024	2023
Mineral-bearing land	5,159	4,847
Land and buildings	6,609	5,991
Plant and machinery	23,047	20,468
Construction in progress	1,963	1,271
Finance lease right-of-use assets	376	187
Total property, plant and equipment	37,154	32,764
Less: accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment	(15,702)	(14,923)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	21,452	17,841

Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense related to property, plant and equipment was $1,646 million, $1,494 million and $1,449 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense includes amortization of right-of-use assets from finance leases.

Potential impairment of property, plant and equipment is considered by applying a series of external and internal indicators including a limited number of climate change factors.

An impairment charge of $89 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024, principally relating to the write-down of property, plant and equipment in our Architectural Products business in Europe which is part of our International Solutions segment. The fair value did not exceed carrying value, driven by challenging market conditions which had an impact on growth prospects and as such an impairment charge has been recorded. An impairment charge of $30 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2023, principally relating to the write-down of property, plant and equipment in our Americas Materials Solutions segment.