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Segment information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment information
20. Segment information
Effective January 1, 2023 the Company restructured into two Divisions, CRH Americas and CRH Europe. During the first quarter of 2023, the Company's reportable segments changed to the following four segments:
Americas Materials Solutions;
Americas Building Solutions;
Europe Materials Solutions; and
Europe Building Solutions
The Americas Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction and maintenance of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings in North America. The primary materials produced by this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete and asphalt. This segment also provides paving and construction services for customers.
The Americas Building Solutions segment manufactures, supplies and delivers solutions for the built environment in communities across North America. Our subsidiaries within this segment offer building and infrastructure solutions serving complex critical utility infrastructure (such as water, energy, transportation and telecommunications projects) and outdoor living solutions for enhancing private and public spaces.
The Europe Materials Solutions segment provides solutions for the construction of public infrastructure and commercial and residential buildings to customers in construction markets in Europe. The primary materials produced in this segment include aggregates, cement, readymixed concrete, asphalt and concrete products.
The Europe Building Solutions segment combines materials, products and services to produce a wide range of architectural and infrastructural solutions for use in the building and renovation of critical utility infrastructure, commercial and residential buildings, and outdoor living spaces for the built environment. This business serves the growing demand across the construction value chain for innovative and value-added products and services.
This realignment reflects the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 and the nature of the financial information reported to and assessed by the Chief Executive, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer, who are together determined to fulfil the role of Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM). Comparative segment information for 2022 and 2021 has been restated to reflect the change in segments.
The principal factors employed in the identification of the four segments reflected in this note include:
(i) the Company’s organizational structure in 2023 (during 2023 the Divisional President fulfilled the role of “segment manager”);
(ii) the nature of the reporting lines to the CODM; and
(iii) the structure of internal reporting documentation such as management accounts and budgets.
The Company’s reportable segments are the same as the Company’s operating segments and correspond with how the CODM regularly reviews financial information to allocate resources and assess performance under the Company’s organizational structure in 2023.
The CODM monitors the operating results of segments separately in order to allocate resources between segments and to assess performance. Segment performance is evaluated using Adjusted EBITDA. Given that Interest expense and Income tax expense are managed on a centralized basis, these items are not allocated between operating segments for the purposes of the information presented to the CODM and are accordingly omitted from the detailed segmental analysis below. There are no asymmetrical allocations to reporting segments which would require disclosure.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as earnings from continuing operations before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, loss on impairments, gain/loss on divestitures, income/loss from equity method investments, substantial acquisition-related costs and pension expense/income excluding current service cost component.
The key performance measures for the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 were:

        RevenuesAdjusted EBITDA
in $ millions202320222021202320222021
Americas Materials Solutions15,43514,32412,4073,0592,6382,543
Americas Building Solutions7,0176,1884,6281,4421,219720
Europe Materials Solutions9,6909,3499,3891,3951,1951,228
Europe Building Solutions2,8072,8622,782280336315
Total revenues and Adjusted EBITDA34,94932,72329,2066,1765,3884,806


in $ millions202320222021
Adjusted EBITDA6,1765,3884,806
Depreciation, depletion and amortization(1,633)(1,552)(1,479)
Loss on impairments (i)(357)––
Interest income20665–
Interest expense(376)(344)(315)
(Loss) gain on divestitures (ii)–(99)78
Pension income excluding current service cost component (ii)3309
Other interest, net (ii)(5)–3
Substantial acquisition-related costs–(27)–
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense and income from equity method investments4,0143,4613,102
(i) For the year ended December 31, 2023, the total loss on impairments comprised of $62 million within Americas Materials Solutions and $295 million within Europe Materials Solutions.
(ii) (Loss) gain on divestitures, pension income excluding current service cost component and other interest, net have been included in Other nonoperating (expense) income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Depreciation, depletion and amortization for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:

in $ millions202320222021
Depreciation, depletion and amortization
Americas Materials Solutions781777750
Americas Building Solutions299236155
Europe Materials Solutions464466490
Europe Building Solutions897384
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization1,6331,5521,479

There was no (loss) gain on divestitures for the year ended December 31, 2023. The (loss) gain on divestitures for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:
in $ millions20222021
(Loss) gain on divestitures
Americas Materials Solutions–104
Americas Building Solutions–(25)
Europe Materials Solutions(99)3
Europe Building Solutions–(4)
Total (loss) gain on divestitures(99)78
The segment assets at December 31 were:        
in $ millions20232022
Assets
Americas Materials Solutions17,53417,615
Americas Building Solutions7,9617,749
Europe Materials Solutions10,98310,947
Europe Building Solutions2,3902,193
Total assets for reportable segments38,86838,504
Cash and cash equivalents6,3415,936
Other current assets, excluding segment assets193134
Equity method investments620649
Assets held for sale1,268–
Other noncurrent assets, excluding segment assets17996
Total assets as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets47,46945,319

The segment liabilities at December 31 were:
in $ millions20232022
Liabilities
Americas Materials Solutions3,3492,908
Americas Building Solutions1,7701,567
Europe Materials Solutions4,0963,522
Europe Building Solutions954886
Total liabilities for reportable segments10,1698,883
Other current liabilities, excluding segment liabilities156193
Total debt11,6429,636
Deferred income tax liabilities2,7382,885
Liabilities held for sale375–
Other noncurrent liabilities, excluding segment liabilities768682
Total liabilities as reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets25,84822,279

Additions to property, plant and equipment for each of the segments for the years ended December 31 were:
in $ millions202320222021
Property, plant and equipment additions (i)
Americas Materials Solutions854715727
Americas Building Solutions360259206
Europe Materials Solutions553460510
Europe Building Solutions1119997
Total property, plant and equipment additions1,8781,5331,540
(i) Property, plant and equipment additions exclude asset retirement cost additions.

Long-lived assets by geographic area at December 31 were:
in $ millions20232022
Long-lived assets by geographical area (i)
Republic of Ireland421487
United Kingdom1,7861,691
United States10,82110,916
Other6,1055,849
Total long-lived assets by geographical area19,13318,943
(i) Long-lived assets comprise property, plant and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets.
Information about major customers
There are no material dependencies or concentrations of individual customers that require disclosure. The individual entities within the Company have a large number of customers spread across various activities, end-users and geographies.