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Debt
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Debt
11. Debt
Long-term debt at December 31 was:

in $ millionsEffective interest rate20232022
Long-term debt
(U.S. dollar denominated unless otherwise noted)
3.125% € notes due 2023
3.23 %–801
0.875% € notes due 2023
0.92 %–534
1.875% € notes due 2024
2.02 %663640
3.875% U.S. Dollar notes due 2025
3.93 %1,2501,250
1.250% € notes due 2026
1.25 %829801
3.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2027
3.49 %600600
4.000% € notes due 2027
4.13 %553–
3.950% U.S. Dollar notes due 2028
4.07 %900900
1.375% € notes due 2028
1.42 %663640
4.125% Sterling notes due 2029
4.22 %509481
1.625% € notes due 2030
1.72 %829801
4.000% € notes due 2031
4.10 %829–
6.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2033 (i)
6.43 %213213
4.250% € notes due 2035
4.38 %829–
5.125% U.S. Dollar notes due 2045
5.25 %500500
4.400% U.S. Dollar notes due 2047
4.44 %400400
4.500% U.S. Dollar notes due 2048
4.63 %600600
PHP interest bearing loan due 20275.95 %396420
U.S. Dollar Commercial Paper5.85 %1,002–
Other3711
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs(67)(50)
Total long-term debt (ii)11,5359,542
Less: current portion of long-term debt (iii)(1,759)(1,397)
Long-term debt9,7768,145
(i) The $300 million bond was issued in September 2003, and at the time of issuance the bond was partially swapped to floating interest rates. In August 2009 and December 2010, $87 million of the issued notes were acquired by CRH plc as part of liability management exercises undertaken and the interest rate hedge was closed out. The remaining fair value hedge adjustment on the hedged item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets was $30 million and $33 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(ii) Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2023, $1,375 million is hedged to daily compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) using interest rate swaps. Of the Company’s nominal fixed rate debt at December 31, 2022, $1,775 million was hedged to a mix of U.S. Dollar LIBOR and EURIBOR floating rates using interest rate swaps.
(iii) Excludes borrowings from bank overdrafts of $107 million and $94 million, which are recorded within Current portion of long-term debt in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Long-term debt includes borrowings of $nil million and $nil million secured on specific items of property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Senior Notes:
The Senior Notes are issued by wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company and carry full and unconditional guarantees from the Company, as defined in the indentures that govern them. These Senior Notes represent senior unsecured obligations of the Company and hold an equal standing in payment priority with the Company's existing and future unsubordinated indebtedness.
The Senior Notes can be redeemed before their respective par call dates, with the exception of the 6.40% Senior Notes due in 2033, at a make-whole redemption price. Post par call dates and before the respective maturity dates, the Senior Notes can be redeemed at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount.
In the event of a change-of-control repurchase event, the Company is obligated to offer repurchase options for the 3.875% Senior Notes due in 2025, 3.40% Senior Notes due in 2027, 3.95% Senior Notes due in 2028, 5.125% Senior Notes due in 2045, 4.40% Senior Notes due in 2047, and 4.50% Senior Notes due in 2048. This repurchase involves a cash payment equal to 101% of the principal amount, along with any accrued and unpaid interest.
If the Company's credit rating falls below investment-grade, the Company would be required to make an additional coupon step-up payment on the 3.875% Senior Notes due in 2025 and 5.125% Senior Notes due in 2045. The increase is 25 basis points per rating notch per agency, capped at 100 basis points per agency. However, this coupon step-up would reverse if the Company returns to an investment-grade rating.
On July 11, 2023, the Company completed the issuance and sale of €500 million in 4.00% Senior Notes due in 2027, €750 million in 4.00% Senior Notes due in 2031, and €750 million in 4.25% Senior Notes due in 2035 (collectively referred to as the "2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes"). The net proceeds of €1,984 million (after accounting for discounts and underwriting expenses) were utilized for general corporate business purposes. The costs related to this issuance, amounting to $18 million, have been capitalized and will be pro rata amortized over the lifespan of the 2027/2031/2035 Senior Notes.
On April 3, 2023, and November 5, 2023, the Company utilized available cash to fully redeem €750 million and €500 million of outstanding 3.125% euro Senior Notes due April 2023 and 0.875% euro Senior Notes due November 2023, respectively.
Philippines (PHP) Debt:
In March 2017, the Company's subsidiary, Republic Cement & Building Materials, Inc., entered a credit arrangement with the Bank of the Philippine Islands. The Company does not provide a guarantee for this facility. The initial credit agreement provided for total commitments of PHP 12.5 billion for a ten-year term, which was later expanded to PHP 22.5 billion. The funds drawn from this facility carry a combination of fixed and floating interest rates.
Bank Credit:
The Company maintains a multi-currency revolving credit arrangement with a syndicate of lenders (the RCF). The RCF offers a senior unsecured revolving facility of €3,500 million over five years. Borrowings under the RCF bear interest at rates based upon an underlying base rate, plus a margin determined in accordance with a ratings-based pricing grid. Base rates include SOFR for U.S. Dollar, EURIBOR for euros, SONIA for Sterling, and SARON for Swiss Francs, respectively. The facility entails an annual commitment fee calculated as a percentage of the applicable margin.
On May 11, 2023, the Company amended and restated the RCF, extending the maturity date to May 11, 2028. The revised terms also re-instate the two plus-one (+1) extension options which, if successfully exercised with the agreement of the Lenders, would extend the maturity out to May 11, 2030. The deferred financing costs associated with the RCF were $8 million at December 31, 2023. The total potential credit available through this arrangement is €3,500 million, inclusive of the ability to issue letters of credit.
At December 31, 2023, and 2022, there were no outstanding borrowings or letters of credit issued under this facility and the undrawn committed facilities available to be drawn by the Company at December 31, 2023 were $3,868 million (€3,500 million equivalent).
The RCF includes customary terms and conditions for investment-grade borrowers. There are no financial covenants.
The Company has a $2,000 million U.S. Dollar Commercial Paper Program and a €1,500 million euro Commercial Paper Program. The purpose of these programs is to provide short-term liquidity as required. The Company’s RCF supports the commercial paper programs with a separate €750 million swingline sublimit which allows for same-day drawing in either euro or U.S. Dollar. The amount of commercial paper outstanding does not reduce available capacity under the RCF. Commercial paper borrowings may vary during the period, largely as a result of fluctuations in funding requirements.
The long-term debt maturities, net of the unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs, for the periods subsequent to December 31, 2023 are as follows:

in $ millions202420252026202720282029 and thereafterTotal
Long-term debt maturities1,7591,2198241,4361,5374,76011,535