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Revenue
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Text block [abstract]  
Revenue
1.  Revenue
 
CRH is a leading global diversified building materials group which manufactures and supplies a diverse range of superior building materials and products for use in the construction and maintenance of infrastructure, housing and commercial products. Our materials and products are used extensively, in construction projects of all sizes, all across the world.
 
As discussed in more detail in note 2, the Group has three operating segments (as identified under IFRS 8
Operating Segments
) from 1 January 2019; generating revenue through the following activities:
 
Americas Materials
businesses are predominantly engaged in the production and sale of aggregates, asphalt, cement and readymixed concrete products and provide asphalt paving services in the US and Canada. This segment also includes the Group’s cement operations in Brazil.
 
Europe Materials
businesses are predominantly engaged in the manufacture and supply of cement, lime, aggregates, readymixed and precast concrete and asphalt products. The segment comprises businesses operating in 21 countries across Western, Central and Eastern Europe as well as the Philippines in Asia.
 
Our
Building Products
segment includes businesses operating across a portfolio of building product related platforms including infrastructure, construction accessories, Building Envelope, architectural products and, up to their disposal in 2019, perimeter protection and shutters & awnings. This segment also included our Do-It-Yourself (DIY) businesses in Belgium and the Netherlands which were disposed of in 2018. The segment comprises businesses operating in 19 countries primarily in the US, Canada and Western Europe.
 
The divestment of our Europe Distribution business (excluding DIY Benelux), formerly part of the Building Products segment, was completed in 2019. As a result, it has been classified as discontinued operations in the current year; its performance in this year and comparative years is therefore part of discontinued operations. As referenced above, DIY Benelux was separately divested in 2018 and therefore its performance up to the date of divestment is shown as part of continuing operations in 2018 and 2017.
 
As a result of the more simplified operating structure implemented on 1 January 2019, the classification of reported revenue into the principal activities and products below has been amended to better reflect the basis on which management now reviews its businesses. Accordingly, the revenue formerly disaggregated across perimeter protection, shutters & awnings, network access products, architectural and precast products has now been reorganised and presented in two new categories: architectural products and infrastructure products. Comparative amounts for 2018 have been restated where necessary to reflect the new format for disaggregation of revenue.
 
A. Disaggregated revenue
 
In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographic market and by principal activities and products. Due to the diversified nature of the Group, the basis on which management reviews its businesses varies across the Group. Geography is the primary basis for the Americas Materials and Europe Materials businesses; while activities and products are used for the Building Products businesses.
 
Revenue from external customers (as defined in IFRS 8) attributable to the country of domicile and all foreign countries of operation greater than 10% are included below. Further operating segment disclosures are set out in note 2.
 
 
 
 
Year ended 31 December
 
 
 
Americas
Materials
2019
 
 
Europe
Materials
2019
 
 
Building
Products
2019
 
 
Total
2019
 
 
 
 
 
Americas
Materials
2018
 
 
Europe
Materials
2018
 
 
Building
Products
2018
 
 
Total
2018
 
 
 
 
 
Total
2017
 
Primary geographic markets
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
 
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
 
 
 
€
m
 
Continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Republic of Ireland (country of domicile)
 
 
-
 
 
 
585
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
585
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
468
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
468
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
435
 
United Kingdom
 
 
-
 
 
 
3,107
 
 
 
217
 
 
 
3,324
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3,045
 
 
 
223
 
 
 
3,268
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,023
 
Rest of Europe (i)
 
 
-
 
 
 
4,328
 
 
 
1,038
 
 
 
5,366
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
4,098
 
 
 
1,469
 
 
 
5,567
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,370
 
United States
 
 
9,207
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
4,543
 
 
 
13,750
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,896
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
4,065
 
 
 
11,961
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,844
 
Rest of World (ii)
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
474
 
 
 
452
 
 
 
2,104
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,055
 
 
 
431
 
 
 
491
 
 
 
1,977
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,981
 
Total Group from continuing operations
 
 
10,385
 
 
 
8,494
 
 
 
6,250
 
 
 
25,129
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,951
 
 
 
8,042
 
 
 
6,248
 
 
 
23,241
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21,653
 
Discontinued operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States - Americas Distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,343
 
Rest of Europe (i) - Europe Distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,177
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,549
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,567
 
Total Group
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28,306
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26,797
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27,563
 
 
(i)
The Rest of Europe principally includes Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Ukraine.
 
(ii)
The Rest of World principally includes Australia, Brazil, Canada and the Philippines.
 
 
 
Year ended 31 December
 
 
 
Americas
Materials (iii)
2019
 
 
Europe
Materials (iii)
2019
 
 
Building
Products
2019
 
 
Total
2019
 
 
 
 
 
Americas
Materials (iii)
2018
 
 
Europe
Materials (iii)
2018
 
 
Building
Products
2018
 
 
Total
2018
 
Principal activities and products
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
 
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
 
€
m
 
Continuing operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cement, lime and cement products
 
 
1,222
 
 
 
2,646
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3,868
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
810
 
 
 
2,506
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
3,316
 
Aggregates, asphalt and readymixed products
 
 
5,046
 
 
 
3,061
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
8,107
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,330
 
 
 
2,919
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
7,249
 
Construction contract activities*
 
 
4,117
 
 
 
1,609
 
 
 
165
 
 
 
5,891
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,811
 
 
 
1,542
 
 
 
240
 
 
 
5,593
 
Architectural products
 
 
-
 
 
 
955
 
 
 
2,664
 
 
 
3,619
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
903
 
 
 
2,597
 
 
 
3,500
 
Infrastructure products
 
 
-
 
 
 
223
 
 
 
1,239
 
 
 
1,462
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
172
 
 
 
1,080
 
 
 
1,252
 
Construction accessories
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
590
 
 
 
590
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
593
 
 
 
593
 
Architectural glass and glazing systems and wholesale hardware distribution
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,592
 
 
 
1,592
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
1,431
 
 
 
1,431
 
DIY
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
307
 
 
 
307
 
Total Group from continuing operations
 
 
10,385
 
 
 
8,494
 
 
 
6,250
 
 
 
25,129
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,951
 
 
 
8,042
 
 
 
6,248
 
 
 
23,241
 
Discontinued operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exterior and interior products - Americas Distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
 
General Builders Merchants, DIY Germany and Sanitary, Heating & Plumbing - Europe Distribution
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,177
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,549
 
Total Group
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28,306
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26,797
 
 
(iii)
Americas Materials and Europe Materials both operate vertically integrated businesses, which are founded in resource-backed cement and aggregates assets and which support the manufacture and supply of aggregates, asphalt, cement, readymixed and precast concrete and landscaping products. Accordingly, for the purpose of disaggregation of revenue we have included certain products together, as this is how management review and evaluate this business line.
 
There are no material dependencies or concentrations of individual customers which would warrant disclosure under IFRS 8. The individual entities within the Group have a large number of customers spread across various activities,
end-uses
and geographies.
 
Revenue derived through the supply of services and intersegment revenue are not material to the Group. The transfer pricing policy implemented by the Group between operating segments and across its constituent entities is described in note 34. In addition, due to the nature of building materials, which have a low
value-to-weight
ratio, the Group’s revenue streams include a low level of cross-border transactions.
 
B. Contract balances
 
For information on the Group’s construction contract balances refer to notes 18, 19 and 20. Movements in our net contract balances are not considered significant and are primarily driven by the timing of billing
work-in-progress
within our construction contract businesses.
 
C. Unsatisfied long-term construction contracts and other performance obligations
 
Revenue yet to be recognised from fixed-price long-term construction contracts, primarily within our Americas Materials and Europe Materials businesses, amounted to
€
1,867 million at 31 December 2019 (2018: 
€
1,848 million). The Group has applied the practical expedient of IFRS 15
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
whereby revenue yet to be recognised on contracts that had an original expected duration of less than one year is not disclosed. The majority of open contracts at 31 December 2019 will close and revenue will be recognised within 12 months of the balance sheet date.