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Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Accounting Policies
Note 1.
Accounting Policies

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“Farmer Mac” or the “Corporation”) and subsidiaries have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).  These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal and recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the financial position and the results of operations and cash flows of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries for the interim periods presented.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted as permitted by SEC rules and regulations.  On June 1, 2011, Farmer Mac filed with the SEC an amendment to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 to correct prior misclassifications of proceeds from the repayments of certain loans between operating activities and investing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.  These misclassifications had no impact on the net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents as previously reported and had no effect on Farmer Mac’s previously issued condensed consolidated interim or annual consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or statements of equity.   See Note 1(a) for further information.  The December 31, 2010 condensed consolidated balance sheet presented in this report has been derived from the Corporation’s audited 2010 consolidated financial statements.  Management believes that the disclosures are adequate to present fairly the condensed consolidated financial statements as of the dates and for the periods presented.  These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2010 consolidated financial statements of Farmer Mac and subsidiaries included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on March 16, 2011, as amended by Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A filed on June 1, 2011.  Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of those that may be expected for the fiscal year.  Below is a summary of Farmer Mac’s significant accounting policies.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Farmer Mac and its two subsidiaries: (1) Farmer Mac Mortgage Securities Corporation (“FMMSC”), whose principal activities are to facilitate the purchase and issuance of Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and to act as a registrant under registration statements filed with the SEC, and (2) Farmer Mac II LLC, whose principal activity is the operation of substantially all of the business related to the Farmer Mac II program – primarily the acquisition of the portions of loans (the “USDA-guaranteed portions”) guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) presented as “USDA Guaranteed Securities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Farmer Mac II LLC was formed as a Delaware limited liability company on December 10, 2009.  The business operations of Farmer Mac II LLC began in January 2010.  The condensed consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which Farmer Mac determined itself to be the primary beneficiary.  See Note 2(g) for more information on consolidated VIEs.

A Farmer Mac guarantee of timely payment of principal and interest is an explicit element of the terms of all Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities.  When Farmer Mac retains such securities in its portfolio, that guarantee is not extinguished.  For Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities in the Corporation’s portfolio, Farmer Mac has entered into guarantee arrangements with FMMSC.  The guarantee fee rate established between Farmer Mac and FMMSC is an element in determining the fair value of these Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities, and guarantee fees related to these securities are reflected in guarantee and commitment fees in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.  These guarantee fees totaled $2.4 million and $6.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, compared to $1.5 million and $4.7 million for the same periods in 2010, respectively.  The corresponding expense of FMMSC has been eliminated against interest income in consolidation.  All other inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

(a)   Cash and Cash Equivalents and Statements of Cash Flows

Farmer Mac considers highly liquid investment securities with maturities at the time of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of their fair value.  Changes in the balance of cash and cash equivalents are reported in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.  The following table sets forth information regarding certain cash and non-cash transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.

   
For the Nine Months Ended
 
    
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
    
(in thousands)
 
Cash paid during the period for:
           
Interest
  $ 78,598     $ 57,746  
Income taxes
    20,568       12,500  
Non-cash activity:
               
Real estate owned acquired through loan liquidation
    2,723       4,643  
Loans acquired and securitized as loans held for investment in consolidated trusts
    10,656       2,185  
Consolidation of Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities from off-balance sheet to loans held for investment in consolidated trusts
    10,656       1,402,556  
Consolidation of Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities from off-balance sheet to debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties
    10,656       1,402,556  
Transfers of available-for-sale Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities to loans held for investment in consolidated trusts, upon the adoption of new consolidation guidance
    -       5,385  
Transfers of trading Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities - Rural Utilities to loans held for investment in consolidated trusts, upon the adoption of new consolidation guidance
    -       451,448  
Deconsolidation of loans held for investment in consolidated trusts - transferred to off-balance sheet Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities
    -       414,462  
Deconsolidation of debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties - transferred to off-balance sheet Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities
    -       414,462  
Transfers of loans held for sale to loans held for investment
    878,798       -  
 
Effective January 1, 2011, Farmer Mac transferred $878.8 million of loans in the Farmer Mac I program from held for sale to held for investment because Farmer Mac no longer has the intent to securitize or sell these loans in the foreseeable future.  Farmer Mac transferred these loans at their cost, which was lower than the estimated fair value at the time of transfer.

At the time of purchase, loans are classified as either held for sale or held for investment depending upon management’s intent and ability to hold the loans for the foreseeable future.  On two occasions, once in first quarter 2009 and again in first quarter 2011, consistent with a change in management’s intent, Farmer Mac reclassified loans from one classification to the other on the balance sheet.  Prior to first quarter 2011, cash receipts from the repayment of loans were classified within the statements of cash flows consistent with the then-current balance sheet classification as opposed to the original balance sheet classification assigned based on management’s intent upon purchase of the loan, as prescribed by accounting guidance related to the statement of cash flows.  As a result of these incorrect classifications, Farmer Mac restated its previously issued interim condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six and nine month periods ended June 30 and September 30, 2009 and 2010, respectively, and its consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010 by amending its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, which included the interim periods, by filing Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A on June 1, 2011.  The restatements impacted only the classification of items in operating activities and investing activities and had no impact on the net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents as previously reported and had no effect on Farmer Mac’s previously issued condensed consolidated interim or annual consolidated balance sheets, statements of operations or statements of changes in equity.

(b)  Allowance for Losses

Farmer Mac maintains an allowance for losses to cover estimated probable losses on loans held (“allowance for loan losses”) and loans underlying Long Term Standby Purchase Commitments (“LTSPCs”) and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities (“reserve for losses”) based on available information.  Farmer Mac’s methodology for determining the allowance for losses separately considers its portfolio segments – Farmer Mac I, Farmer Mac II, and Rural Utilities, and disaggregates its analysis, where relevant, into classes of financing receivables, which currently include loans and AgVantage securities.  Further disaggregation by commodity type is performed, where appropriate, in analyzing the need for an allowance for losses.

The allowance for losses is increased through periodic provisions for loan losses that are charged against net interest income and provisions for losses that are charged to non-interest expense and is reduced by charge-offs for actual losses, net of recoveries.  Negative provisions, or releases of allowance for losses, are generally recorded in the event that the estimate of probable losses as of the end of a period is lower than the estimate at the beginning of the period.

The total allowance for losses consists of a general allowance for losses and a specific allowance for impaired loans.

General Allowance for Losses

Farmer Mac I

Farmer Mac’s methodology for determining its allowance for losses incorporates the Corporation’s automated loan classification system.  That system scores loans based on criteria such as historical repayment performance, indicators of current financial condition, loan seasoning, loan size and loan-to-value ratio.  For the purposes of the loss allowance methodology, the loans in the Farmer Mac I portfolio and loans underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs have been scored and classified for each calendar quarter since first quarter 2000.  The allowance methodology captures the migration of loan scores across concurrent and overlapping three-year time horizons and calculates loss rates separately within each loan classification for (1) loans underlying LTSPCs and (2) loans held and loans underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities.  The calculated loss rates are applied to the current classification distribution of unimpaired loans in Farmer Mac’s portfolio to estimate inherent losses, on the assumption that the historical credit losses and trends used to calculate loss rates will continue in the future.  Management evaluates this assumption by taking into consideration factors, including:
 
 
·
economic conditions;
 
·
geographic and agricultural commodity/product concentrations in the portfolio;
 
·
the credit profile of the portfolio;
 
·
delinquency trends of the portfolio;
 
·
historical charge-off and recovery activities of the portfolio; and
 
·
other factors to capture current portfolio trends and characteristics that differ from historical experience.
 
Management believes that its use of this methodology produces a reasonable estimate of probable losses, as of the balance sheet date, for all loans held in the Farmer Mac I portfolio and loans underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs.  There were no purchases or sales during the first nine months of 2011 that materially affected the credit profile of the Farmer Mac I portfolio.

Farmer Mac has not provided an allowance for losses for loans underlying Farmer Mac I AgVantage securities.  Each AgVantage security is a general obligation of an issuing institution approved by Farmer Mac and is collateralized by eligible loans in an amount at least equal to the outstanding principal amount of the security, with some level of overcollateralization also required for Farmer Mac I AgVantage securities.  Farmer Mac excludes the loans that secure AgVantage securities from the credit risk metrics it discloses because of the credit quality of the issuing institutions, the collateralization level for the securities, and because delinquent loans are required to be removed from the pool of pledged loans and replaced with current eligible loans.

Farmer Mac II

No allowance for losses has been provided for USDA Guaranteed Securities or Farmer Mac II Guaranteed Securities.  The USDA-guaranteed portions presented as “USDA Guaranteed Securities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as those that collateralize Farmer Mac II Guaranteed Securities, are guaranteed by the USDA.  Each USDA guarantee is an obligation backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.  Farmer Mac excludes these guaranteed portions from the credit risk metrics it discloses because of the USDA guarantee.

Rural Utilities

Farmer Mac separately evaluates the rural utilities loans it owns, as well as the lender obligations and loans underlying or securing its Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities – Rural Utilities, including AgVantage securities, to determine if there are probable losses inherent in those assets.  Each AgVantage security is a general obligation of an issuing institution approved by Farmer Mac and is collateralized by eligible loans in an amount at least equal to the outstanding principal amount of the security.  No allowance for losses has been provided for this portfolio segment based on the credit quality of the collateral supporting rural utilities assets and Farmer Mac’s counterparty risk analysis.  As of September 30, 2011, there were no delinquencies and no probable losses inherent in Farmer Mac’s rural utilities loans held or in any Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities – Rural Utilities.

Specific Allowance for Impaired Loans

Farmer Mac also analyzes assets in its portfolio for impairment in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) standard on measuring individual impairment of a loan.  Farmer Mac’s impaired assets generally include:
 
 
·
non-performing assets (loans 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, restructured, in bankruptcy – including loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan);
 
·
loans for which Farmer Mac has adjusted the timing of borrowers’ payment schedules, but still expects to collect all amounts due and has not made economic concessions; and
 
·
additional performing loans that have previously been delinquent or are secured by real estate that produces agricultural commodities or products currently under stress.

For loans with an updated appraised value, other updated collateral valuation or management’s estimate of discounted collateral value, this analysis includes the measurement of the fair value of the underlying collateral for individual loans relative to the total recorded investment, including principal, interest and advances and net of any charge-offs.  In the event that the collateral value does not support the total recorded investment, Farmer Mac provides an allowance for the loan for the difference between the recorded investment and its fair value, less estimated costs to liquidate the collateral.  For the remaining impaired assets without updated valuations, this analysis is performed in the aggregate in consideration of the similar risk characteristics of the assets and historical statistics.

A modification to the contractual terms of a loan that results in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”).  Farmer Mac has granted a concession when, as a result of the restructuring, it does not expect to collect all amounts due, including interest accrued at the original contract rate.  Because the payment of principal at original maturity is primarily dependent on the value of the collateral, Farmer Mac considers the current value of the collateral in determining whether the principal will be paid.  In making its determination of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, Farmer Mac considers several factors, including (1) whether the borrower has declared or is in the process of declaring bankruptcy, (2) there is substantial doubt as to whether the borrower will continue to be a going concern, and (3) whether the borrower can obtain funds from other sources at an effective interest rate at or near a current market interest rate for debt with similar risk characteristics.  Farmer Mac evaluates TDRs similarly to other impaired loans for purposes of the allowance for losses.  For both the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011, the recorded investment of loans determined to be TDRs was $0.4 million, both before and after restructuring.  The provision for loan losses related to TDRs was zero and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively.

           As of September 30, 2011 and 2010, Farmer Mac’s specific allowances for losses were $7.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

Allowance for Losses

The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:

    
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
   
Allowance
         
Total
   
Allowance
         
Total
 
   
for Loan
   
Reserve
   
Allowance
   
for Loan
   
Reserve
   
Allowance
 
   
Losses
   
for Losses
   
for Losses
   
Losses
   
for Losses
   
for Losses
 
   
(in thousands)
 
For the Three Months Ended:
                                   
Beginning Balance
  $ 11,053     $ 7,443     $ 18,496     $ 9,495     $ 9,470     $ 18,965  
(Release of)/provision for losses
    (349 )     (452 )     (801 )     412       105       517  
Charge-offs
    (5 )     -       (5 )     (465 )     -       (465 )
Recoveries
    -       -       -       -       -       -  
Ending Balance
  $ 10,699     $ 6,991     $ 17,690     $ 9,442     $ 9,575     $ 19,017  
                                                 
For the Nine Months Ended:
                                               
Beginning Balance
  $ 9,803     $ 10,312     $ 20,115     $ 6,292     $ 7,895     $ 14,187  
Provision for/(release of) losses
    1,092       (3,321 )     (2,229 )     1,392       1,680       3,072  
Charge-offs
    (196 )     -       (196 )     (465 )     -       (465 )
Recoveries
    -       -       -       2,223       -       2,223  
Ending Balance
  $ 10,699     $ 6,991     $ 17,690     $ 9,442     $ 9,575     $ 19,017  

During third quarter 2011, Farmer Mac recorded releases from its allowance for loan losses and its reserve for losses of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.  The releases from the allowance for losses in third quarter 2011 were primarily due to a decline in estimated probable losses related to Farmer Mac’s exposure to the dairy industry.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac recorded provisions to its allowance for loan losses of $1.1 million and releases from its reserve for losses of $3.3 million, respectively.  In first quarter 2011, Farmer Mac purchased two defaulted loans pursuant to the terms of an LTSPC agreement.  This resulted in the reclassification of $1.8 million of specific allowance, which had been recorded in fourth quarter 2010, from the reserve for losses to the allowance for loan losses.  The provision for/(release of) losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 reflects this reclassification as well as the decline in estimated probable losses related to Farmer Mac’s exposure to the ethanol and dairy industries.

During third quarter 2010, Farmer Mac recorded provisions to its allowance for loan losses and its reserve for losses of $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively.  Farmer Mac also recorded charge-offs of $0.5 million to its allowance for loan losses during third quarter 2010.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2010, Farmer Mac recorded provisions to its allowance for loan losses and its reserve for losses of $1.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively.  These amounts include the reclassification of $2.0 million from the reserve for losses to the allowance for loan losses upon adoption of new consolidation guidance in first quarter 2010.  Farmer Mac also recorded charge-offs of $0.5 million and recoveries of $2.2 million on a loan secured by an ethanol plant to its allowance for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
 
Farmer Mac’s reserve for losses for off-balance sheet Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs as of September 30, 2011 was $0.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively, compared to $0.6 million and $9.7 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2010.

The following tables present the ending balances of Farmer Mac I loans held and loans underlying LTSPCs and Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and the related allowance for losses by impairment method and commodity type as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and changes in the allowance for losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.

    
As of September 30, 2011
 
                           
AgStorage and
             
                           
Processing
             
         
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
   
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Ending Balance:
                                         
Evaluated collectively for impairment
  $ 1,781,013     $ 809,383     $ 1,246,359     $ 244,587     $ 187,144     $ 20,318     $ 4,288,804  
Evaluated individually for impairment
    29,991       32,029       11,904       11,398       6,000       1,138       92,460  
    $ 1,811,004     $ 841,412     $ 1,258,263     $ 255,985     $ 193,144     $ 21,456     $ 4,381,264  
                                                         
Allowance for Losses:
                                                       
Evaluated collectively for impairment
  $ 1,818     $ 1,178     $ 164     $ 781     $ 6,252     $ 7     $ 10,200  
Evaluated individually for impairment
    2,041       2,610       695       293       1,850       1       7,490  
    $ 3,859     $ 3,788     $ 859     $ 1,074     $ 8,102     $ 8     $ 17,690  
                                                         
For the Three Months Ended:
                                                       
Beginning balance
  $ 3,715     $ 3,803     $ 1,774     $ 1,095     $ 8,100     $ 9     $ 18,496  
Provision for/(release of) losses
    144       (15 )     (915 )     (16 )     2       (1 )     (801 )
Charge-offs
    -       -       -       (5 )     -       -       (5 )
Ending balance
  $ 3,859     $ 3,788     $ 859     $ 1,074     $ 8,102     $ 8     $ 17,690  
                                                         
For the Nine Months Ended:
                                                       
Beginning balance
  $ 3,572     $ 3,537     $ 2,749     $ 445     $ 9,797     $ 15     $ 20,115  
Provision for/(release of) losses
    463       258       (1,882 )     634       (1,695 )     (7 )     (2,229 )
Charge-offs
    (176 )     (7 )     (8 )     (5 )     -       -       (196 )
Ending balance
  $ 3,859     $ 3,788     $ 859     $ 1,074     $ 8,102     $ 8     $ 17,690  
 
    
As of December 31, 2010
 
                           
AgStorage and
             
                           
Processing
             
         
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
   
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Ending Balance:
                                         
Evaluated collectively for impairment
  $ 1,699,477     $ 835,254     $ 1,130,466     $ 282,400     $ 239,933     $ 22,514     $ 4,210,044  
Evaluated individually for impairment
    31,903       30,221       15,992       8,745       6,790       425       94,076  
    $ 1,731,380     $ 865,475     $ 1,146,458     $ 291,145     $ 246,723     $ 22,939     $ 4,304,120  
                                                         
Allowance for Losses:
                                                       
Evaluated collectively for impairment
  $ 1,499     $ 783     $ 2,236     $ 222     $ 7,947     $ 13     $ 12,700  
Evaluated individually for impairment
    2,073       2,754       513       223       1,850       2       7,415  
    $ 3,572     $ 3,537     $ 2,749     $ 445     $ 9,797     $ 15     $ 20,115  

Farmer Mac recognized interest income of approximately $0.7 million and $2.1 million on impaired loans during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, compared to $0.6 million and $1.5 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2010.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac’s average investment in impaired loans was $94.2 million and $90.9 million, respectively, compared to $125.4 million and $109.0 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2010.

The following tables present by commodity type the unpaid principal balances, recorded investment and specific allowance for losses related to impaired loans, the recorded investment in loans on nonaccrual status as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.

    
As of September 30, 2011
 
                            
AgStorage and
             
                            
Processing
             
          
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
    
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Impaired Loans:
                                         
With no specific allowance:
                                         
Recorded investment
  $ 13,274     $ 12,046     $ 4,460     $ 3,635     $ -     $ 970     $ 34,385  
Unpaid principal balance
    13,893       11,936       5,186       3,734       -       902       35,651  
                                                         
With a specific allowance:
                                                       
Recorded investment
    17,401       19,675       7,013       7,755       6,000       239       58,083  
Unpaid principal balance
    16,098       20,093       6,718       7,664       6,000       236       56,809  
Associated allowance
    2,041       2,610       695       293       1,850       1       7,490  
                                                         
Total:
                                                       
Recorded investment
    30,675       31,721       11,473       11,390       6,000       1,209       92,468  
Unpaid principal balance
    29,991       32,029       11,904       11,398       6,000       1,138       92,460  
Associated allowance
    2,041       2,610       695       293       1,850       1       7,490  
                                                         
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011:
                                                       
Average recorded investment in impaired loans
    31,639       31,299       12,371       11,511       6,158       1,207       94,185  
Income recognized on impaired loans
    120       480       42       63       -       -       705  
                                                         
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011:
                                                       
Average recorded investment in impaired loans
    30,546       30,070       13,344       9,753       6,439       771       90,923  
Income recognized on impaired loans
    432       857       343       125       382       -       2,139  
                                                         
Recorded investment of loans on nonaccrual status:
    8,389       25,475       4,532       7,464       -       -       45,860  

    
As of December 31, 2010
 
                            
AgStorage and
             
                            
Processing
             
          
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
    
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Impaired Loans:
                                         
With no specific allowance:
                                         
Recorded investment
  $ 16,015     $ 10,549     $ 6,873     $ 1,050     $ -     $ -     $ 34,487  
Unpaid principal balance
    17,274       10,895       7,087       1,072       -       -       36,328  
                                                         
With a specific allowance:
                                                       
Recorded investment
    15,414       18,949       9,052       7,788       6,839       430       58,472  
Unpaid principal balance
    14,630       19,326       8,905       7,672       6,790       425       57,748  
Associated allowance
    2,073       2,754       513       223       1,850       2       7,415  
                                                         
Total:
                                                       
Recorded investment
    31,429       29,498       15,925       8,838       6,839       430       92,959  
Unpaid principal balance
    31,904       30,221       15,992       8,744       6,790       425       94,076  
Associated allowance
    2,073       2,754       513       223       1,850       2       7,415  
                                                         
Recorded investment of loans on nonaccrual status:
    13,828       8,793       3,267       4,380       8,796       -       39,064  
 
In accordance with the terms of all applicable trust agreements, Farmer Mac generally acquires all loans that collateralize Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities that become and remain either 90 or 120 days or more past due (depending on the provisions of the applicable agreement) on the next subsequent loan payment date.  In accordance with the terms of all LTSPCs, Farmer Mac acquires loans that are either 90 days or 120 days delinquent (depending on the provisions of the applicable agreement) upon the request of the counterparty.

Farmer Mac records all such defaulted loans at their unpaid principal balance during the period in which Farmer Mac becomes entitled to purchase the loans and therefore regains effective control over the transferred loans.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac purchased 5 defaulted loans having a cumulative unpaid principal balance of $2.9 million and 18 defaulted loans having a cumulative unpaid principal balance of $21.3 million, respectively, from pools underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, Farmer Mac purchased 9 defaulted loans having a cumulative unpaid principal balance of $1.9 million and 22 defaulted loans having a cumulative unpaid principal balance of $5.3 million, respectively, from pools underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs.  The following table presents Farmer Mac’s purchases of defaulted loans underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs.

   
For the Three Months Ended
   
For the Nine Months Ended
 
    
September 30,
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
    
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Defaulted loans purchased underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities
  $ 2,921     $ 1,133     $ 7,292     $ 3,456  
Defaulted loans purchased underlying LTSPCs
    -       781       13,974       1,861  
Total defaulted loan purchases
  $ 2,921     $ 1,914     $ 21,266     $ 5,317  
 
Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present credit quality indicators related to Farmer Mac I loans held and loans underlying LTSPCs and Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities (excluding AgVantage securities) as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.  Farmer Mac uses 90-day delinquency information to evaluate its credit risk exposure on these assets because historically it has been the best measure of borrower credit quality deterioration.  Most of the Farmer Mac I loans held and underlying LTSPCs and Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities have annual (January 1) or semi-annual (January 1 and July 1) payment dates and are supported by less frequent and less predictable revenue sources, such as the cash flows generated from the maturation of crops, sales of livestock and government farm support programs.  Taking into account the reduced frequency of payment due dates and revenue sources, Farmer Mac considers the 90-day delinquency point to be the most significant observation point when evaluating its credit risk exposure.

    
As of September 30, 2011
 
                           
AgStorage and
             
                           
Processing
             
         
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
   
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade (1)
                                         
Grade:
                                         
Acceptable
  $ 1,719,924     $ 757,635     $ 1,127,206     $ 226,887     $ 120,857     $ 19,043     $ 3,971,552  
Other assets especially mentioned ("OAEM") (2)
    49,594       27,808       74,443       10,143       45,229       1,054       208,271  
Substandard (2)
    41,486       55,969       56,614       18,955       27,058       1,359       201,441  
Total
  $ 1,811,004     $ 841,412     $ 1,258,263     $ 255,985     $ 193,144     $ 21,456     $ 4,381,264  
                                                         
Commodity analysis of past due loans (1)
                                                       
Greater than 90 days
  $ 13,265     $ 19,992     $ 4,057     $ 6,883     $ -     $ 651     $ 44,848  
In bankruptcy and REO
    10,057       5,224       2,432       1,576       -       -       19,289  
Total non-performing
  $ 23,322     $ 25,216     $ 6,489     $ 8,459     $ -     $ 651     $ 64,137  

(1)
Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its Farmer Mac I portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.  Amounts include real estate owned, at lower of cost or fair value less estimated selling costs, of $3.9 million.
(2)
Assets in the OAEM category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured. Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

    
As of December 31, 2010
 
                           
AgStorage and
             
                           
Processing
             
         
Permanent
         
Part-time
   
(including ethanol
             
   
Crops
   
Plantings
   
Livestock
   
Farm
   
facilities)
   
Other
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade (1)
                                         
Grade:
                                         
Acceptable
  $ 1,625,995     $ 792,061     $ 993,542     $ 268,111     $ 116,248     $ 20,321     $ 3,816,278  
Other assets especially mentioned ("OAEM") (2)
    59,768       17,112       86,500       9,652       76,947       639       250,618  
Substandard (2)
    45,617       56,302       66,416       13,382       53,528       1,979       237,224  
Total
  $ 1,731,380     $ 865,475     $ 1,146,458     $ 291,145     $ 246,723     $ 22,939     $ 4,304,120  
                                                         
Commodity analysis of past due loans (1)
                                                       
Greater than 90 days
  $ 21,423     $ 26,312     $ 7,177     $ 3,803     $ 10,892     $ 641     $ 70,248  
In bankruptcy and REO
    4,886       3,712       1,395       1,537       -       -       11,530  
Total non-performing
  $ 26,309     $ 30,024     $ 8,572     $ 5,340     $ 10,892     $ 641     $ 81,778  

(1)
Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its Farmer Mac I portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.  Amounts include real estate owned, at lower of cost or fair value less estimated selling costs, of $2.0 million.
(2)
Assets in the OAEM category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured. Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The following table sets forth the commodity/collateral and geographic diversification, as well as the range of original loan-to-value ratios, for all Farmer Mac I loans held and loans underlying Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities (excluding AgVantage securities) and LTSPCs as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

   
September 30,
   
December 31,
 
    
2011
   
2010
 
   
(in thousands)
 
By commodity/collateral type:
           
Crops
  $ 1,811,004     $ 1,731,380  
Permanent plantings
    841,412       865,475  
Livestock
    1,258,263       1,146,458  
Part-time farm
    255,985       291,145  
AgStorage and processing (including ethanol facilities)
    193,144       246,723  
Other
    21,456       22,939  
Total
  $ 4,381,264     $ 4,304,120  
                 
By geographic region (1):
               
Northwest
  $ 772,640     $ 660,845  
Southwest
    1,581,303       1,626,398  
Mid-North
    865,731       934,879  
Mid-South
    488,703       521,294  
Northeast
    293,047       317,715  
Southeast
    379,840       242,989  
Total
  $ 4,381,264     $ 4,304,120  
                 
By original loan-to-value ratio:
               
0.00% to 40.00%
  $ 1,151,801     $ 1,030,580  
40.01% to 50.00%
    775,705       770,744  
50.01% to 60.00%
    1,229,912       1,246,675  
60.01% to 70.00%
    1,033,696       1,056,132  
70.01% to 80.00%
    137,745       155,363  
80.01% to 90.00%
    52,405       44,626  
Total
  $ 4,381,264     $ 4,304,120  

 
(1)
Geographic regions:  Northwest (AK, ID, MT, ND, NE, OR, SD, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, MO, WI); Mid-South (KS, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NC, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, SC).

The original loan-to-value ratio is calculated by dividing the loan principal balance at the time of guarantee, purchase or commitment by the appraised value at the date of loan origination or, when available, the updated appraised value at the time of guarantee, purchase or commitment.  Current loan-to-value ratios may be higher or lower than the original loan-to-value ratios.

(c)       Financial Derivatives

Farmer Mac enters into transactions involving financial derivatives principally to protect against risk from the effects of market price or interest rate movements on the value of certain assets, future cash flows or debt issuance, and not for trading or speculative purposes.  Farmer Mac enters into interest rate swap contracts to adjust the characteristics of its short-term debt to match more closely the cash flow and duration characteristics of its longer-term loans and other assets, and also to adjust the characteristics of its long-term debt to match more closely the cash flow and duration characteristics of its short-term assets, thereby reducing interest rate risk and often times deriving an overall lower effective cost of borrowing than would otherwise be available to Farmer Mac in the conventional debt market.  Farmer Mac also recognizes certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative.

Farmer Mac manages the interest rate risk related to loans it has committed to acquire, but has not yet purchased and permanently funded, through the use of forward sale contracts on the debt of other government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”), futures contracts involving U.S. Treasury securities and interest rate swap contracts.  Farmer Mac uses forward sale contracts on GSE securities to reduce its interest rate exposure to changes in both U.S. Treasury rates and spreads on Farmer Mac debt.  The notional amounts of these contracts are determined based on a duration-matched hedge ratio between the hedged item and the hedge instrument.  Gains or losses generated by these hedge transactions should offset changes in funding costs.

All financial derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as a freestanding asset or liability.  Farmer Mac does not designate its financial derivatives as fair value hedges or cash flow hedges; therefore, the changes in the fair values of financial derivatives are reported as gains or losses on financial derivatives in the condensed consolidated statements of operations without any corresponding changes in the fair values of the hedged items.

The following tables summarize information related to Farmer Mac’s financial derivatives as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

    
September 30, 2011
 
                                       
Weighted-
 
                     
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
   
Average
 
                     
Average
   
Average
   
Average
   
Remaining
 
   
Notional
   
Fair Value
   
Pay
   
Receive
   
Forward
   
Life
 
   
Amount
   
Asset
   
(Liability)
   
Rate
   
Rate
   
Price
   
(in years)
 
   
(dollars in thousands)
 
Interest rate swaps:
                                         
Pay fixed non-callable
  $ 2,028,155     $ -     $ (165,072 )     3.73 %     0.28 %           4.45  
Receive fixed non-callable
    3,945,926       47,346       (707 )     0.34 %     1.04 %           1.10  
Basis swaps
    462,694       -       (2,458 )     0.66 %     0.35 %           1.47  
Credit default swaps
    10,000       91       -       1.00 %     0.00 %           0.97  
Agency forwards
    49,828       -       (271 )                     114.74          
Treasury futures
    3,200       -       (10 )                     129.77          
Credit valuation adjustment
    -       (1,183 )     1,885                                  
Total financial derivatives
  $ 6,499,803     $ 46,254     $ (166,633 )                                
 
    
December 31, 2010
 
                                        
Weighted-
 
                      
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
   
Weighted-
   
Average
 
                      
Average
   
Average
   
Average
   
Remaining
 
    
Notional
   
Fair Value
   
Pay
   
Receive
   
Forward
   
Life
 
    
Amount
   
Asset
   
(Liability)
   
Rate
   
Rate
   
Price
   
(in years)
 
    
(dollars in thousands)
 
Interest rate swaps:
                                         
Pay fixed callable
  $ 13,144     $ -     $ (69 )     5.11 %     0.29 %           7.12  
Pay fixed non-callable
    1,275,108       2,814       (108,503 )     4.69 %     0.30 %           3.93  
Receive fixed non-callable
    2,874,534       39,551       (1,828 )     0.44 %     1.40 %           1.70  
Basis swaps
    254,991       52       (3,411 )     1.34 %     0.38 %           1.71  
Credit default swaps
    30,000       -       (216 )     1.00 %     0.00 %           1.05  
Agency forwards
    37,336       -       (174 )                     101.03          
Treasury futures
    1,300       -       (6 )                     119.95          
Credit valuation adjustment
    -       (925 )     520                                  
Total financial derivatives
  $ 4,486,413     $ 41,492     $ (113,687 )                                

In the normal course of business, collateral requirements contained in Farmer Mac’s derivative contracts are enforced by Farmer Mac and its counterparties.  Upon enforcement of the collateral requirements, the amount of collateral posted is typically based on the net fair value of all derivative contracts with the counterparty, i.e., derivative assets net of derivative liabilities at the counterparty level.  If Farmer Mac were to be in violation of certain provisions of the derivative contracts, the related counterparty could request payment or full collateralization on the derivative contracts.  As of September 30, 2011, the fair value of Farmer Mac’s derivatives in a net liability position at the counterparty level, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, was $129.7 million.  As of September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac posted cash of $1.7 million and investment securities that the counterparty is contractually prohibited from selling or repledging with a fair value of $39.8 million as collateral for its derivatives in net liability positions.  Farmer Mac records posted cash as a reduction in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of prepaid expenses and other assets.  The investment securities posted as collateral are included in the investment securities balances on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  If Farmer Mac had breached certain provisions of the derivative contracts as of September 30, 2011, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements or post additional collateral of $88.2 million.

The following table summarizes the effects of Farmer Mac’s financial derivatives on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
 
   
Losses on Financial Derivatives
 
    
For the Three Months Ended
   
For the Nine Months Ended
 
    
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
   
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
    
(in thousands)
 
                          
Interest rate swaps
  $ (65,136 )   $ (5,243 )   $ (76,857 )   $ (24,634 )
Agency forwards
    (3,052 )     (1,089 )     (5,053 )     (3,026 )
Treasury futures
    (512 )     (96 )     (538 )     (737 )
Credit default swaps
    133       (396 )     80       9  
      (68,567 )     (6,824 )     (82,368 )     (28,388 )
Amortization of derivatives transition adjustment
    -       (40 )     -       (120 )
Total
  $ (68,567 )   $ (6,864 )   $ (82,368 )   $ (28,508 )

As of September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac had outstanding basis swaps with Zions First National Bank, a related party, with a total notional amount of $72.7 million and a fair value of $(2.0) million, compared to $85.0 million and $(3.4) million, respectively, as of December 31, 2010.  Under the terms of those basis swaps, Farmer Mac pays Constant Maturity Treasury-based rates and receives LIBOR.  Those swaps economically hedge most of the interest rate basis risk related to loans Farmer Mac purchases that pay a Constant Maturity Treasury based-rate and the discount notes Farmer Mac issues to fund the loan purchases (the pricing of discount notes is closely correlated to LIBOR rates).  Farmer Mac recorded unrealized losses of $0.2 million and unrealized gains of $1.4 million on those outstanding basis swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, compared to unrealized gains of $0.1 million and $32,000, respectively, for the same periods in 2010.

(d)       (Loss)/Earnings Per Common Share

Basic (loss)/earnings per common share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding.  Diluted (loss)/earnings per common share is based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding adjusted to include all potentially dilutive common stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and non-vested restricted stock awards.  The following schedule reconciles basic and diluted (loss)/earnings per common share (“EPS”) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
 

   
For the Three Months Ended
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
   
Net
         
$ per
   
Net
         
$ per
 
   
Loss
   
Shares
   
Share
   
Income
   
Shares
   
Share
 
   
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Basic EPS
                                   
Net (loss)/income attributable to common stockholders
  $ (23,032 )     10,354     $ (2.22 )   $ 5,997       10,277     $ 0.58  
Effect of dilutive securities(1):
                                               
Stock options, SARs and restricted stock
            -       -               388       (0.02 )
Diluted EPS
  $ (23,032 )     10,354     $ (2.22 )   $ 5,997       10,665     $ 0.56  

(1)
For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, stock options and SARs of 1,294,066 and 1,354,800, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive.  For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, contingent shares of non-vested restricted stock of 196,076 and 126,000, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive or the performance conditions were not met.

    
For the Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
   
Net
         
$ per
   
Net
         
$ per
 
   
Income
   
Shares
   
Share
   
Income
   
Shares
   
Share
 
   
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Basic EPS
                                   
Net income attributable to common stockholders
  $ 461       10,328     $ 0.04     $ 9,588       10,211     $ 0.94  
Effect of dilutive securities(1):
                                               
Stock options, SARs and restricted stock
            387       -               365       (0.03 )
Diluted EPS
  $ 461       10,715     $ 0.04     $ 9,588       10,576     $ 0.91  

(1)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, stock options and SARs of 685,921 and 1,528,938, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share of common stock because they were anti-dilutive.  For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, contingent shares of non-vested restricted stock of 150,353 and 111,500, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the performance conditions were not met.

(e)       Stock-Based Compensation

Farmer Mac’s 2008 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan authorizes the grants of restricted stock, stock options and SARs, among other alternative forms of equity-based compensation, to directors, officers and other employees.  SARs awarded to officers and employees vest annually in thirds.  If not exercised or terminated earlier due to the termination of employment, SARs granted to officers or employees expire after ten years.  For all SARs granted, the exercise price is equal to the closing price of Farmer Mac’s Class C non-voting common stock on the date of grant.  There were no stock-based awards granted during third quarter 2011.  SARs granted to officers in 2011 have an exercise price of $18.77 per share.  As of September 30, 2011, there were no outstanding SARs awarded to directors.  Restricted stock awarded to directors during 2011 vests fully on March 31, 2012, approximately one year after grant.  Restricted stock awarded to officers during 2011 vests after approximately three years and only vests if certain performance conditions are met.  Restricted stock awards granted to both directors and officers are not issued until full vesting occurs.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, Farmer Mac recognized $0.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock options, SARs and restricted stock, compared to $0.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, for the same periods in 2010.

The following tables summarize activity related to stock options, SARs and non-vested restricted stock awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:

    
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
   
Stock
   
Weighted-
   
Stock
   
Weighted-
 
   
Options
   
Average
   
Options
   
Average
 
   
and
   
Exercise
   
and
   
Exercise
 
   
SARs
   
Price
   
SARs
   
Price
 
For the Three Months Ended:
                       
Outstanding, beginning of period
    1,328,900     $ 18.57       1,923,050     $ 21.53  
Granted
    -       -       -       -  
Exercised
    (26,334 )     6.88       -       -  
Canceled
    (8,500 )     28.81       (48,250 )     25.43  
Outstanding, end of period
    1,294,066     $ 18.74       1,874,800     $ 21.43  
For the Nine Months Ended:
                               
Outstanding, beginning of period
    1,924,133     $ 21.16       1,799,465     $ 22.68  
Granted
    113,000       18.77       247,000       12.20  
Exercised
    (32,001 )     6.99       (21,331 )     13.15  
Canceled
    (711,066 )     25.83       (150,334 )     22.34  
Outstanding, end of period
    1,294,066     $ 18.74       1,874,800     $ 21.43  
                                 
Options and SARs exercisable at end of period
    914,743     $ 21.12       1,440,211     $ 24.53  

    
September 30, 2011
   
September 30, 2010
 
         
Weighted-
         
Weighted-
 
   
Non-vested
   
Average
   
Non-vested
   
Average
 
   
Restricted
   
Grant-date
   
Restricted
   
Grant-date
 
   
Stock
   
Fair Value
   
Stock
   
Fair Value
 
For the Three Months Ended:
                       
Outstanding, beginning of period
    199,060     $ 12.25       181,986     $ 9.66  
Granted
    -       -       -       -  
Canceled
    (2,003 )     18.77       -       -  
Vested and issued
    (981 )     18.77       -       -  
Outstanding, end of period
    196,076     $ 12.15       181,986     $ 9.66  
For the Nine Months Ended:
                               
Outstanding, beginning of period
    182,609     $ 9.63       200,548     $ 5.93  
Granted
    73,060       18.77       111,085       12.28  
Canceled
    (2,003 )     18.77       (11,599 )     8.15  
Vested and issued
    (57,590 )     12.33       (118,048 )     5.93  
Outstanding, end of period
    196,076     $ 12.15       181,986     $ 9.66  

The cancellations of stock options, SARs and non-vested restricted stock during the first nine months of 2011 were due to non-vested restricted stock and unvested SARs terminating in accordance with the provisions of the applicable plans upon director and employee departures from Farmer Mac and vested stock options terminating unexercised on their expiration dates.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 the adjustment to additional paid-in capital from exercises or expiration of stock options and SARs and the vesting or expiration of restricted stock was $(0.1) million and $(0.5) million, respectively, compared to $(0.1) million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.  The reduction of income taxes to be paid as a result of the deduction for exercises of stock options and SARs was $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.  The reduction of income taxes to be paid as a result of the deduction for exercises of stock options and SARs and the vesting or accelerated tax elections of restricted stock was $0.9 million for nine months ended September 30, 2010.

The following tables summarize information regarding stock options, SARs and non-vested restricted stock outstanding as of September 30, 2011:

     
Outstanding
 
Exercisable
 
Vested or Expected to Vest
         
Weighted-
     
Weighted-
     
Weighted-
     
Stock
 
Average
 
Stock
 
Average
 
Stock
 
Average
Range of
   
Options
 
Remaining
 
Options
 
Remaining
 
Options
 
Remaining
Exercise
   
and
 
Contractual
 
and
 
Contractual
 
and
 
Contractual
Prices
   
SARs
 
Life
 
SARs
 
Life
 
SARs
 
Life
                           
$ 5.00 - $ 9.99       236,999  
7.5 years
    172,004  
7.5 years
    227,500  
7.5 years
  10.00 - 14.99       300,333  
8.6 years
    99,005  
8.6 years
    272,863  
8.6 years
  15.00 - 19.99       163,786  
7.5 years
    50,786  
2.9 years
    155,876  
7.4 years
  20.00 - 24.99       168,789  
3.5 years
    168,789  
3.5 years
    168,789  
3.5 years
  25.00 - 29.99       400,159  
4.0 years
    400,159  
4.0 years
    400,159  
4.0 years
  30.00 - 34.99       24,000  
6.0 years
    24,000  
6.0 years
    24,000  
6.0 years
          1,294,066         914,743         1,249,187    

     
Outstanding
 
Expected to Vest
         
         
Weighted-
     
Weighted-
         
Weighted-
       
Average
     
Average
         
Average
   
Nonvested
 
Remaining
 
Nonvested
 
Remaining
         
Grant-Date
   
Restricted
 
Contractual
 
Restricted
 
Contractual
         
Fair Value
   
Stock
 
Life
 
Stock
 
Life
         
                             
$ 5.00 - $ 9.99       75,000  
0.5 years
    67,500  
0.5 years
           
  10.00 - 14.99       51,000  
1.5 years
    45,900  
1.5 years
           
  15.00 - 19.99       70,076  
1.3 years
    60,577  
1.4 years
           
          196,076         173,977                

The weighted-average grant date fair value of SARs granted during the first nine months of 2011 and 2010 was $13.75 and $8.31 per share, respectively. The fair values for SARs were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following assumptions:

   
2011
   
2010
 
Risk-free interest rate
    2.6 %     3.3 %
Expected years until exercise
 
6 years
   
7 years
 
Expected stock volatility
    97.8 %     88.3 %
Dividend yield
    1.0 %     1.8 %
 
(f)       Fair Value Measurement

Farmer Mac follows accounting guidance for fair value measurements that defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and establishes a fair value hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value.  The hierarchy gives highest rank to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1 measurements) and the lowest rank to unobservable inputs (level 3 measurements).

Farmer Mac’s assessment of the significance of the input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and considers factors specific to the financial instrument.  Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions that Farmer Mac has classified within the level 3 category.  As a result, the unrealized gains and losses for assets and liabilities within the level 3 category may include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in projected mortgage prepayment rates) inputs.

See Note 7 for more information regarding fair value measurement.
 
(g)  Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities

Farmer Mac has interests in various entities that are considered to be VIEs.  These interests include investments in securities issued by VIEs, such as Farmer Mac agricultural mortgage-backed securities created pursuant to Farmer Mac’s securitization transactions and mortgage and asset-backed trusts that Farmer Mac did not create.  Effective January 1, 2010, Farmer Mac adopted two new accounting standards that eliminated the concept of qualifying special purpose entities (“QSPEs”) and amended the accounting for transfers of financial assets and the consolidation model for VIEs.  All formerly designated QSPEs were evaluated for consolidation in accordance with the new consolidation model, which changed the method of analyzing which party to a VIE should consolidate the VIE.  The consolidation model uses a qualitative evaluation that requires consolidation of an entity when the reporting enterprise both (1) has the power to direct matters which significantly impact the activities and success of the entity, and (2) has exposure to benefits and/or losses that could potentially be significant to the entity.  The reporting enterprise that meets both these conditions is deemed the primary beneficiary of the VIE.

The consolidation standard requires the incremental assets and liabilities consolidated upon adoption to initially be reported at their carrying amounts.  Carrying amount refers to the amount at which the assets and liabilities would have been carried in the consolidated financial statements if the new guidance had been effective when Farmer Mac first met the conditions to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE.  If determining the carrying amounts is not practicable, the assets and liabilities of the VIE shall be measured at fair value at the date the new standards first apply.  For the outstanding trusts consolidated effective January 1, 2010, Farmer Mac initially recorded the assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet at their carrying amounts, adjusted, where applicable, for fair value option elections that had been made previously.  Accrued interest and allowance for losses have also been recognized as appropriate.
 
Although these new accounting standards did not change the economic risk to Farmer Mac’s business, specifically Farmer Mac’s liquidity, credit and interest rate risks, the adoption of these new accounting standards had a significant impact on the presentation of Farmer Mac’s consolidated financial statements.  On the consolidated balance sheet, there was an increase in loans held for investment, interest receivable, debt and accrued interest payable, and a decrease in available-for-sale and trading Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities, the reclassification of a portion of the reserve for losses to allowance for loan losses, and the elimination of the guarantee and commitment fees receivable and guarantee and commitment obligations related to the consolidated trusts.  On the income statement, there was an increase in interest income and interest expense attributable to the assets and liabilities of the consolidated trusts and a reclassification of a portion of guarantee fee income to interest income.

The VIEs in which Farmer Mac has a variable interest are limited to securitization trusts.  The major judgment in determining if Farmer Mac is the primary beneficiary was whether Farmer Mac had the power to direct the activities of the trust that potentially had the most significant impact on the economic performance of the trust.  Generally, the ability to make decisions regarding default mitigation was evidence of that power.  Farmer Mac determined that it was the primary beneficiary for the securitization trusts related to most Farmer Mac I and all Rural Utilities securitization transactions because of its rights as guarantor under both programs to control the default mitigation activities of the trusts.  For certain securitization trusts created when loans subject to LTSPCs were converted to Farmer Mac I Guaranteed Securities, Farmer Mac determined that it was not the primary beneficiary since the power to make decisions regarding default mitigation was shared among unrelated parties.  For similar securitization transactions where the power to make decisions regarding default mitigation was shared with a related party, Farmer Mac determined that it was the primary beneficiary because the applicable accounting guidance does not permit parties within a related party group to conclude that the power is shared.

For those trusts for which Farmer Mac is the primary beneficiary, the assets and liabilities are presented on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as “Loans held for investment in consolidated trusts” and “Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties,” respectively.  These assets can only be used to satisfy the obligations of the related trust.

For those trusts where Farmer Mac has a variable interest but has not been determined to be the primary beneficiary, Farmer Mac’s interests are presented as either “Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities” or “Investment securities” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Farmer Mac’s involvement in on-balance sheet VIEs classified as Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities include securitization trusts under the Farmer Mac II program and trusts related to AgVantage securities.  In the case of Farmer Mac II trusts, Farmer Mac was not determined to be the primary beneficiary because it does not have the decision-making power over default mitigation activities.  For the AgVantage trusts, Farmer Mac currently does not have the power to direct the activities that have the most significant economic impact to the trust unless, as guarantor, there is a default by the issuer of the trust securities.  Should there be a default, Farmer Mac would reassess whether it is the primary beneficiary of those trusts.  For VIEs classified as investment securities, which include auction-rate certificates, asset-backed securities and GSE-guaranteed mortgage-backed securities, Farmer Mac was determined not to be the primary beneficiary because of the lack of voting rights or other powers to direct the activities of the trust.  As of September 30, 2011, these Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities trusts and investment securities trusts have carrying amounts on the condensed consolidated balance sheet totaling $67.6 million and $857.5 million, respectively, which is Farmer Mac’s maximum exposure to loss.  In addition, Farmer Mac has a variable interest in off-balance sheet VIEs, which include a guarantee of timely payment of principal and interest, totaling $1.7 billion as of September 30, 2011.
 
(h)       New Accounting Standards

Troubled Debt Restructurings

In January 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-01, Deferral of the Effective Date of Disclosures about Troubled Debt Restructurings in Update No. 2010-20 (discussed below).  The effective date of the new disclosures about troubled debt restructurings was delayed to coordinate the disclosures with the FASB project on determining what constitutes a troubled debt restructuring.  In April 2011, the FASB completed that project and issued ASU 2011-02, A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring.  ASU 2011-02 states that a troubled debt restructuring exists when a creditor concludes that both the restructuring constitutes a concession and the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties and clarifies the guidance on evaluating these criteria.  ASU 2011-02 is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after June 15, 2011 and should be applied retrospectively to the beginning of the annual period of adoption (i.e., for Farmer Mac, it was effective for third quarter 2011 reporting).  The troubled debt restructuring disclosures in ASU 2010-20 also were effective in third quarter 2011.  Adoption of these standards did not have a significant impact on the Corporation’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure

On May 12, 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, which provides converged guidance on how to measure fair value and on what disclosures to provide about fair value measurements.  The new guidance is largely consistent with existing fair value measurement principles, but expands existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurement.  ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Farmer Mac does not expect the adoption of the new accounting guidance to have a material effect on Farmer Mac’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows or its fair value disclosures.

Comprehensive Income

On June 16, 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which revised the manner in which entities present comprehensive income in their financial statements.  The new guidance requires entities to report components of comprehensive income in either (1) a continuous statement of comprehensive income or (2) two separate but consecutive statements.  ASU 2011-05 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  Farmer Mac does not expect the adoption of the new accounting guidance to have a material effect on Farmer Mac’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
(i)       Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior period information were made to conform to the current period presentation.