FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES

FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES

Farmer Mac enters into financial derivative transactions to protect against risk from the effects of market price, or interest rate movements, on the value of certain assets, future cash flows, or debt issuance, and not for trading or speculative purposes. Certain financial derivatives are designated as fair value hedges of fixed rate assets, classified as available-for-sale, to protect against fair value changes in the assets related to changes in a benchmark interest rate (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR")). Certain other financial derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges to mitigate the volatility of future interest rate payments on floating rate debt. Certain financial derivatives are not designated in hedge accounting relationships.

Farmer Mac manages the interest rate risk related to loans it has committed to acquire, but has not yet permanently funded, primarily through the use of futures contracts involving U.S. Treasury securities. Farmer Mac aims to achieve a duration-matched hedge ratio between the hedged item and the hedge instrument. Gains or losses generated by these hedge transactions are expected to offset changes in funding costs. All financial derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value as a freestanding asset or liability.

The following tables summarize information related to Farmer Mac's financial derivatives on a gross basis without giving consideration to master netting arrangements. The table below includes accrued interest on cleared swaps, but excludes $23.1 million and $15.8 million of accrued interest receivable and $3.7 million and $4.9 million of accrued interest payable on uncleared swaps as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The aforementioned accrued interest on uncleared swaps is included within Accrued Interest Receivable and Accrued Interest Payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Table 4.1

	As of September 30, 2025
			Fair Value				Weighted- Average Pay Rate	Weighted- Average Receive Rate	Weighted- Average Forward Price	Weighted- Average Remaining Term (in years)
	Notional Amount		Asset		(Liability)
	(dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate swaps:
Receive fixed non-callable	$	6,913,685	$	2,084	$	(3,320)	4.45%	3.52%		1.21
Pay fixed non-callable	10,324,870		2,067		(3,379)		2.79%	4.30%		8.75
Receive fixed callable	4,747,883		21,310		(25,572)		4.32%	3.76%		3.04
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps:
Pay fixed non-callable	463,000		9,965		(123)		1.93%	4.63%		3.18
No hedge designation:
Interest rate swaps:
Pay fixed non-callable	151,559		443		(77)		2.97%	4.50%		3.01
Receive fixed non-callable	1,390,415		189		—		4.28%	4.00%		0.42
Basis swaps	614,384		2		(274)		4.43%	4.27%		3.31
Treasury futures	52		202		(11)				112.87
Netting adjustments(1)	—		(3,595)		3,595
Total financial derivatives	$	24,605,848	$	32,667	$	(29,161)

(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow Farmer Mac to settle positive and negative positions, including accrued interest, held or placed with the same clearing agent.

	As of December 31, 2024
			Fair Value				Weighted- Average Pay Rate	Weighted- Average Receive Rate	Weighted- Average Forward Price	Weighted- Average Remaining Term (in years)
	Notional Amount		Asset		(Liability)
	(dollars in thousands)
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate swaps:
Receive fixed non-callable	$	7,460,685	$	174	$	(12,165)	4.71%	3.40%		1.53
Pay fixed non-callable	9,657,181		5,134		(97)		2.67%	4.56%		9.12
Receive fixed callable	4,592,077		5,119		(65,167)		4.54%	3.67%		2.65
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate swaps:
Pay fixed non-callable	540,000		16,903		(2)		1.92%	4.87%		3.43
No hedge designation:
Interest rate swaps:
Pay fixed non-callable	157,776		819		(1)		2.92%	4.75%		3.40
Receive fixed non-callable	1,803,328		48		(2)		4.52%	4.43%		0.30
Basis swaps	655,384		8		(354)		4.69%	4.52%		3.83
Treasury futures	29,900		46		—				108.91
Netting adjustments(1)	—		(462)		462
Total financial derivatives	$	24,896,331	$	27,789	$	(77,326)

(1)Amounts represent the application of the netting requirements that allow Farmer Mac to settle positive and negative positions, including accrued interest, held or placed with the same clearing agent.

As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac expects to reclassify $7.2 million after-tax from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings over the next twelve months related to cash flow hedges. This amount could differ from amounts actually recognized due to changes in interest rates, hedge de-designations, and the addition of other hedges after September 30, 2025.

The following tables summarize the net income/(expense) recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to derivatives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Table 4.2

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Net Income/(Expense) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations on Derivatives
	Net Interest Income								Non-Interest Income		Total
	Interest Income Investments and Cash Equivalents		Interest Income Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities		Interest Income Loans		Total Interest Expense		Losses on financial derivatives
	(in thousands)
Total amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations	$	93,398	$	123,484	$	198,459	$	(316,864)	$	(1,062)	$	97,415
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	7,541		23,004		12,857		(29,051)		—		14,351
Recognized on hedged items	14,558		57,249		21,659		(102,584)		—		(9,118)
Premium/discount amortization recognized on hedged items	690		—		—		(581)		—		109
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships	$	22,789	$	80,253	$	34,516	$	(132,216)	$	—	$	5,342
(Losses)/gains on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	$	(7,584)	$	(19,533)	$	(10,864)	$	26,984	$	—	$	(10,997)
Recognized on hedged items	7,376		19,248		10,436		(26,200)		—		10,860
(Losses)/gains on fair value hedging relationships	$	(208)	$	(285)	$	(428)	$	784	$	—	$	(137)
Expense related to interest settlements on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest settlements reclassified from AOCI into net income on derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,593	$	—	$	3,593
Recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(5,837)		—		(5,837)
Discount amortization recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(22)		—		(22)
Expense recognized on cash flow hedges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,266)	$	—	$	(2,266)
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedging relationships:
Gains on interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	474	$	474
Interest expense on interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		(707)		(707)
Treasury futures	—		—		—		—		(829)		(829)
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,062)	$	(1,062)

	For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Net Income/(Expense) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations on Derivatives
	Net Interest Income								Non-Interest Income		Total
	Interest Income Investments and Cash Equivalents		Interest Income Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities		Interest Income Loans		Total Interest Expense		Losses on financial derivatives
	(in thousands)
Total amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations:	$	88,879	$	156,602	$	162,247	$	(320,937)	$	(1,934)	$	84,857
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	10,774		39,127		17,878		(69,433)		—		(1,654)
Recognized on hedged items	11,476		54,513		17,544		(106,154)		—		(22,621)
Premium/discount amortization recognized on hedged items	623		—		—		(688)		—		(65)
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships	$	22,873	$	93,640	$	35,422	$	(176,275)	$	—	$	(24,340)
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	$	(60,799)	$	(189,698)	$	(98,464)	$	212,027	$	—	$	(136,934)
Recognized on hedged items	60,915		189,141		98,015		(210,932)		—		137,139
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships	$	116	$	(557)	$	(449)	$	1,095	$	—	$	205
Expense related to interest settlements on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest settlements reclassified from AOCI into net income on derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,338	$	—	$	5,338
Recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(7,918)		—		(7,918)
Discount amortization recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(14)		—		(14)
Expense recognized on cash flow hedges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(2,594)	$	—	$	(2,594)
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships:
Losses on interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,310)	$	(1,310)
Interest expense on interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		(858)		(858)
Treasury futures	—		—		—		—		234		234
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,934)	$	(1,934)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
	Net Income/(Expense) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations on Derivatives
	Net Interest Income								Non-Interest Income		Total
	Interest Income Investments and Cash Equivalents		Interest Income Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities		Interest Income Loans		Total Interest Expense		Losses on financial derivatives
	(in thousands)
Total amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations	$	265,691	$	374,824	$	555,262	$	(909,564)	$	(3,618)	$	282,595
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	21,887		66,809		37,742		(85,320)		—		41,118
Recognized on hedged items	41,789		169,792		60,261		(306,677)		—		(34,835)
Premium/discount amortization recognized on hedged items	1,917		—		—		(1,964)		—		(47)
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships	$	65,593	$	236,601	$	98,003	$	(393,961)	$	—	$	6,236
(Losses)/gains on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	$	(60,853)	$	(139,496)	$	(63,445)	$	144,818	$	—	$	(118,976)
Recognized on hedged items	60,625		139,035		64,277		(141,290)		—		122,647
(Losses)/gains on fair value hedging relationships	$	(228)	$	(461)	$	832	$	3,528	$	—	$	3,671
Expense related to interest settlements on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest settlements reclassified from AOCI into net income on derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	11,163	$	—	$	11,163
Recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(18,290)		—		(18,290)
Discount amortization recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Expense recognized on cash flow hedges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(7,187)	$	—	$	(7,187)
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedging relationships:
Losses on interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,063)	$	(3,063)
Interest expense on interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		(597)		(597)
Treasury futures	—		—		—		—		42		42
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(3,618)	$	(3,618)

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Net Income/(Expense) Recognized in Consolidated Statement of Operations on Derivatives
	Net Interest Income								Non-Interest Income		Total
	Interest Income Investments and Cash Equivalents		Interest Income Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities		Interest Income Loans		Total Interest Expense		Losses on financial derivatives
	(in thousands)
Total amounts presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations:	$	258,341	$	489,478	$	459,932	$	(947,252)	$	(1,654)	$	258,845
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	31,479		118,593		53,554		(229,642)		—		(26,016)
Recognized on hedged items	31,734		158,869		50,847		(319,876)		—		(78,426)
Premium/discount amortization recognized on hedged items	1,555		—		—		(2,156)		—		(601)
Income/(expense) related to interest settlements on fair value hedging relationships	$	64,768	$	277,462	$	104,401	$	(551,674)	$	—	$	(105,043)
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships:
Recognized on derivatives	$	(29,549)	$	(101,186)	$	(37,096)	$	188,182	$	—	$	20,351
Recognized on hedged items	30,032		101,890		38,842		(185,304)		—		(14,540)
Gains/(losses) on fair value hedging relationships	$	483	$	704	$	1,746	$	2,878	$	—	$	5,811
Expense related to interest settlements on cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest settlements reclassified from AOCI into net income on derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	16,162	$	—	$	16,162
Recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(24,023)		—		(24,023)
Discount amortization recognized on hedged items	—		—		—		(42)		—		(42)
Expense recognized on cash flow hedges	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(7,903)	$	—	$	(7,903)
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships:
Losses on interest rate swaps	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(581)	$	(581)
Interest expense on interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		(1,379)		(1,379)
Treasury futures	—		—		—		—		306		306
Losses on financial derivatives not designated in hedge relationships	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,654)	$	(1,654)

The following table shows the carrying amount and associated cumulative basis adjustment related to the application of hedge accounting that is included in the carrying amount of hedged assets and liabilities in fair value hedging relationships as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 4.3

	Hedged Items in Fair Value Relationship
	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustments included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024		September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in thousands)
Investment securities, Available-for-Sale, at fair value(1)	$	1,737,542	$	1,477,880	$	(56,513)	$	(117,137)
Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities, Available-for-Sale, at fair value(2)	5,817,102		5,478,484		(168,323)		(307,358)
Loans held for investment, at amortized cost	2,137,711		1,816,738		(308,167)		(372,444)
Notes Payable(3)	(11,506,463)		(11,899,049)		7,710		148,999

(1)Amortized cost of $1.8 billion and $1.6 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(2)Amortized cost of $6.0 billion and $5.8 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

(3)Carrying amount represents amortized cost.

The following tables present the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, based on the terms of Farmer Mac's master netting arrangements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Table 4.4

	September 30, 2025
	Gross Amount Recognized		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet(1)		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
							Netting Adjustments		Financial instruments pledged		Cash Collateral		Net Amount(2)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Uncleared derivatives	$	32,019	$	—	$	32,019	$	(19,187)	$	—	$	(12,630)	$	202
Cleared derivatives	4,172		(3,595)		577		—		—		—		577
Total	$	36,191	$	(3,595)	$	32,596	$	(19,187)	$	—	$	(12,630)	$	779
Liabilities:
Uncleared derivatives	$	(29,129)	$	—	$	(29,129)	$	19,187	$	—	$	6,589	$	(3,353)
Cleared derivatives	(3,595)		3,595		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	(32,724)	$	3,595	$	(29,129)	$	19,187	$	—	$	6,589	$	(3,353)

(1)Amounts presented may not agree to the consolidated balance sheet related to counterparties not subject to master netting agreements.

(2)Any over-collateralization at an individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net amount. As of September 30, 2025, Farmer Mac had additional net exposure of $232.9 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral to a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position and $15.5 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral from a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position.

	December 31, 2024
	Gross Amount Recognized		Gross Amounts offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Net Amount Presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
							Netting Adjustments		Financial instruments pledged		Cash Collateral		Net Amount(1)
	(in thousands)
Assets:
Uncleared derivatives	$	22,759	$	—	$	22,759	$	(22,061)	$	—	$	(652)	$	46
Cleared derivatives	5,492		(462)		5,030		—		(5,030)		—		—
Total	$	28,251	$	(462)	$	27,789	$	(22,061)	$	(5,030)	$	(652)	$	46
Liabilities:
Uncleared derivatives	$	(77,326)	$	—	$	(77,326)	$	22,061	$	—	$	44,299	$	(10,966)
Cleared derivatives	(462)		462		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	(77,788)	$	462	$	(77,326)	$	22,061	$	—	$	44,299	$	(10,966)

(1)Any over-collateralization at an individual clearing agent and/or counterparty level is not included in the determination of the net amount. As of December 31, 2024, Farmer Mac had additional net exposure of $209.0 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral to a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position and $4.7 million due to instances where Farmer Mac's collateral from a counterparty exceeded the net derivative position.

Farmer Mac records posted cash as a reduction in the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents and an increase in the balance of prepaid expenses and other assets. Any investment securities posted as collateral are included in the investment securities balances on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. If Farmer Mac had breached certain provisions of the derivative contracts as of September 30, 2025 or December 31, 2024, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements, but would not have been required to post additional collateral. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no financial derivatives in a net payable position where Farmer Mac was required to pledge collateral which the counterparty had the right to sell or repledge.

Of Farmer Mac's $24.6 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding as of September 30, 2025, $19.0 billion were cleared through the swap clearinghouse, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME"). Of Farmer Mac's $24.9 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding as of December 31, 2024, $19.1 billion were cleared through the CME.