LOANS - Schedule of Composition of Loan Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	$ 13,609,172	$ 11,360,197
Allowance for losses	(23,223)	(16,031)
Total loans, net of allowance	13,204,638	11,039,349
Real Estate Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	13,609,172	11,360,197
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments	(381,311)	(304,817)
Total loans	13,227,861	11,055,380
Allowance for losses	(23,223)	(16,031)
Total loans, net of allowance	13,204,638	11,039,349
Agricultural Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	8,834,689	7,825,434
Allowance for losses	(10,511)	(6,884)	$ (6,775)	$ (3,442)
Agricultural Finance | Real Estate Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	8,834,689	7,825,434
Allowance for losses	(10,511)	(6,884)
Farm & Ranch
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	7,453,015	6,565,711
Allowance for losses	(5,132)	(3,936)	(4,044)	(2,882)
Farm & Ranch | Real Estate Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	7,453,015	6,565,711
Allowance for losses	(5,132)	(3,936)
Corporate AgFinance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	1,381,674	1,259,723
Allowance for losses	(5,379)	(2,948)	(2,731)	(560)
Corporate AgFinance | Real Estate Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	1,381,674	1,259,723
Allowance for losses	(5,379)	(2,948)
Infrastructure Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	4,774,483	3,534,763
Allowance for losses	(12,712)	(9,147)	$ (8,314)	$ (10,599)
Infrastructure Finance | Real Estate Loan
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	4,774,483	3,534,763
Allowance for losses	(12,712)	(9,147)
Unsecuritized
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	11,570,889	9,927,936
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments	(381,311)	(304,817)
Total loans	11,189,578	9,623,119
Allowance for losses	(22,594)	(15,588)
Total loans, net of allowance	11,166,984	9,607,531
Unsecuritized | Agricultural Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	6,796,406	6,393,173
Unsecuritized | Farm & Ranch
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	5,414,732	5,133,450
Unsecuritized | Corporate AgFinance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	1,381,674	1,259,723
Unsecuritized | Infrastructure Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	4,774,483	3,534,763
In Consolidated Trusts
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	2,038,283	1,432,261
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments	0	0
Total loans	2,038,283	1,432,261
Allowance for losses	(629)	(443)
Total loans, net of allowance	2,037,654	1,431,818
In Consolidated Trusts | Agricultural Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	2,038,283	1,432,261
In Consolidated Trusts | Farm & Ranch
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	2,038,283	1,432,261
In Consolidated Trusts | Corporate AgFinance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	0	0
In Consolidated Trusts | Infrastructure Finance
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total unpaid principal balance	$ 0	$ 0