Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of Composition of Loan Balances

The following table includes loans held for investment and displays the composition of the loan balances as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Table 8.1

	As of December 31, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
	Unsecuritized		In Consolidated Trusts		Total		Unsecuritized		In Consolidated Trusts		Total
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans	$	5,898,370	$	948,623	$	6,846,993	$	4,889,393	$	1,287,045	$	6,176,438
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans	2,389,136		—		2,389,136		2,260,412		—		2,260,412
Total unpaid principal balance(1)	8,287,506		948,623		9,236,129		7,149,805		1,287,045		8,436,850
Unamortized premiums, discounts, fair value hedge basis adjustment, and other cost basis adjustments	26,590		—		26,590		112,128		—		112,128
Total loans	8,314,096		948,623		9,262,719		7,261,933		1,287,045		8,548,978
Allowance for losses	(13,477)		(564)		(14,041)		(12,943)		(889)		(13,832)
Total loans, net of allowance	$	8,300,619	$	948,059	$	9,248,678	$	7,248,990	$	1,286,156	$	8,535,146

(1)Unpaid principal balance is the basis of presentation in disclosures of outstanding balances for Farmer Mac's lines of business.

Schedule Allowance for Losses

The following table is a summary, by asset type, of the allowance for losses as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Table 8.2

	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	Allowance for Losses		Allowance for Losses
	(in thousands)
Loans:
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans	$	3,442	$	3,745
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans	10,599		10,087
Total	$	14,041	$	13,832

The following is a summary of the changes in the allowance for losses for each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2021:

Table 8.3

	Agricultural Finance mortgage loans		Rural Infrastructure Finance loans
	Allowance for Losses		Allowance for Losses
	(in thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2018(1)	$	7,017	$	—
Provision for losses	3,504		—
Charge-offs	(67)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2019(1)	$	10,454	$	—
Cumulative effect adjustment from adoption of current expected credit loss standard	(3,909)		5,378
Adjusted Beginning Balance	$	6,545	$	5,378
Provision for losses	2,959		4,709
Charge-offs	(5,759)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2020(2)(3)(4)	$	3,745	$	10,087
(Release of)/provision for losses	(1,357)		512
Recovery	1,054		—
Charge-offs	—		—
Balance as of December 31, 2021(3)(4)	$	3,442	$	10,599

(1)Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," effective January 1, 2020, Farmer Mac maintained an allowance for loan

losses to cover estimated probable incurred losses on loans held.

(2)Allowance for losses reflects the adoption of ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses," effective January 1, 2020.

(3)As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, allowance for losses for Agricultural Finance mortgage loans includes no allowance, for collateral dependent assets secured by agricultural real estate.

(4)As of both December 31, 2021 and 2020, allowance for losses for Rural Infrastructure Finance loans includes no allowance for collateral dependent assets.

Schedule of Past Due Financing Receivables

The following table presents the unpaid principal balances by delinquency status of Farmer Mac's loans and non-performing assets as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Table 8.4

	As of December 31, 2021
	Accruing
	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Greater(2)		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual loans(3)(4)		Total Loans
	(in thousands)
Loans(1):
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans	$	6,715,070	$	4,548	$	568	$	—	$	5,116	$	126,807	$	6,846,993
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans	2,389,136		—		—		—		—		—		2,389,136
Total	$	9,104,206	$	4,548	$	568	$	—	$	5,116	$	126,807	$	9,236,129

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Includes loans in consolidated trusts with beneficial interests owned by third parties that are 90 days or more past due.

(3)Includes loans that are 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

(4)Includes $31.0 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no associated allowance. During the year ended December 31, 2021, Farmer Mac received $5.0 million, in interest on nonaccrual loans.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Accruing
	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Greater(2)		Total Past Due		Nonaccrual loans(3)(4)		Total Loans
	(in thousands)
Loans(1):
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans	$	6,055,154	$	4,582	$	632	$	1,072	$	6,286	$	114,998	$	6,176,438
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans	2,260,412		—		—		—		—		—		2,260,412
Total	$	8,315,566	$	4,582	$	632	$	1,072	$	6,286	$	114,998	$	8,436,850

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Includes loans in consolidated trusts with beneficial interests owned by third parties that are 90 days or more past due.

(3)Includes loans that are 90 days or more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

(4)Includes $44.2 million of nonaccrual loans for which there was no associated allowance. During the year ended December 31, 2020, Farmer Mac received $4.4 million in interest on nonaccrual loans.

The following table presents the unpaid principal balances by delinquency status of Agricultural Finance and Rural Utilities loans underlying LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Table 12.8

	As of December 31, 2021
	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Greater(1)		Total Past Due		Total Loans
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance:
LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities	$	2,953,091	$	8,068	$	—	$	3,597	$	11,665	$	2,964,756
Rural Infrastructure:
LTSPCs	$	556,837	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	556,837

(1)Includes loans underlying off-balance sheet Agricultural Finance Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs that are 90 days of more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Current		30-59 Days		60-89 Days		90 Days and Greater(1)		Total Past Due		Total Loans
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance:
LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities	$	2,389,777	$	2,189	$	1,344	$	11,433	$	14,966	$	2,404,743
Rural Infrastructure:
LTSPCs	$	556,425	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	556,425

(1)Includes loans underlying off-balance sheet Agricultural Finance Guaranteed Securities and LTSPCs that are 90 days of more past due, in foreclosure, or in bankruptcy with at least one missed payment, excluding loans performing under either their original loan terms or a court-approved bankruptcy plan.

Schedule of Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present credit quality indicators related to Farm & Ranch loans and Rural Infrastructure loans held as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, by year of origination:

Table 8.5

	As of December 31, 2021
	Year of Origination:
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans (1):
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	2,138,060	$	1,541,509	$	540,139	$	324,917	$	303,852	$	1,004,709	$	545,370	$	6,398,556
Special mention(2)	84,795		50,057		51,200		48,078		9,132		14,646		4,771		262,679
Substandard(3)	1,654		4,997		26,237		27,109		38,703		75,780		11,278		185,758
Total	$	2,224,509	$	1,596,563	$	617,576	$	400,104	$	351,687	$	1,095,135	$	561,419	$	6,846,993
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		(1,054)		—		—		(1,054)
Current period Agricultural Finance recoveries	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(1,054)	$	—	$	—	$	(1,054)

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(3)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2021
	Year of Origination:
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans(1):
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	242,570	$	612,366	$	774,941	$	8,100	$	86,878	$	628,903	$	12,578	$	2,366,336
Special mention(2)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard(3)	—		22,800		—		—		—		—		—		22,800
Total	$	242,570	$	635,166	$	774,941	$	8,100	$	86,878	$	628,903	$	12,578	$	2,389,136
For the Year Ended
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Rural Infrastructure net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(3)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Year of Origination:
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance mortgage loans (1):
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	1,947,618	$	774,315	$	484,345	$	500,768	$	465,277	$	1,068,693	$	535,742	$	5,776,758
Special mention(2)	70,171		79,744		18,317		8,530		13,111		21,328		7,656		218,857
Substandard(3)	3,400		5,821		21,879		52,709		37,173		50,582		9,259		180,823
Total	$	2,021,189	$	859,880	$	524,541	$	562,007	$	515,561	$	1,140,603	$	552,657	$	6,176,438
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,365	$	—	$	394	$	—	$	5,759
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Agricultural Finance net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,365	$	—	$	394	$	—	$	5,759

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(3)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Year of Origination:
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Rural Infrastructure Finance loans(1):
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	667,489	$	809,921	$	8,260	$	89,842	$	31,275	$	641,145	$	12,480	$	2,260,412
Special mention(2)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard(3)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	667,489	$	809,921	$	8,260	$	89,842	$	31,275	$	641,145	$	12,480	$	2,260,412
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Rural Infrastructure net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.

(2)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(3)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

The following tables present credit quality indicators related to Agricultural Finance and Rural Utilities loans underlying LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, by year of origination:

Table 12.9

	As of December 31, 2021
	Year of Origination:
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities:
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	376,027	$	537,521	$	244,365	$	188,452	$	235,865	$	1,013,937	$	252,039	$	2,848,206
Special mention(1)	—		5,270		—		6,808		3,154		38,042		2,354		55,628
Substandard(2)	—		1,307		724		5,038		12,793		37,326		3,734		60,922
Total	$	376,027	$	544,098	$	245,089	$	200,298	$	251,812	$	1,089,305	$	258,127	$	2,964,756
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Agricultural Finance net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(2)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2021
	Year of Origination:
	2021		2020		20	2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Rural Infrastructure Finance LTSPCs:
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	499,594	$	57,243	$	556,837
Special mention(1)	—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard(2)	—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	499,594	$	57,243	$	556,837
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—			—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Rural Infrastructure net charge-offs	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(2)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Year of Origination:
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Agricultural Finance LTSPCs and Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities:
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	178,213	$	213,620	$	183,948	$	237,042	$	207,296	$	969,860	$	211,620	$	2,201,599
Special mention(1)	3,920		1,742		1,502		5,603		19,644		50,004		10,058		92,473
Substandard(2)	264		10,250		12,611		14,578		7,841		60,602		4,525		110,671
Total	$	182,397	$	225,612	$	198,061	$	257,223	$	234,781	$	1,080,466	$	226,203	$	2,404,743
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Agricultural Finance net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(2)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.

	As of December 31, 2020
	Year of Origination:
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Revolving Loans - Amortized Cost Basis		Total
	(in thousands)
Rural Infrastructure Finance LTSPCs:
Internally Assigned Risk Rating:
Acceptable	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	549,405	$	7,020	$	556,425
Special mention(1)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard(2)	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	549,405	$	7,020	$	556,425
For the Year Ended:
Current period charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Current period recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Current period Rural Infrastructure net charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1)Assets in the "Special mention" category generally have potential weaknesses due to performance issues but are currently considered to be adequately secured.  

(2)Substandard assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses and there is a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if deficiencies are not corrected.