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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Allowance for Losses by Impairment Method and Commodity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2017
Sep. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Jun. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment $ 6,409,712   $ 6,409,712     $ 6,031,565    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 147,318   147,318     107,739    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1],[2],[3] 6,557,030   6,557,030     6,139,304    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 5,551   5,551     5,143    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,937   2,937     2,292    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 8,488 $ 6,923 8,488 $ 6,923 $ 8,104 7,435 $ 7,084 $ 6,563
Total provision for losses 384 (31) 1,294 490        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 (130) (241) (130)        
Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,516,547   3,516,547     3,357,301    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 77,169   77,169     53,197    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,593,716   3,593,716     3,410,498    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,428   2,428     2,420    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,422   1,422     945    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3,850 3,214 3,850 3,214 3,735 3,365 3,111 2,791
Total provision for losses 115 103 713 423        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 (228) 0        
Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,140,771   1,140,771     1,006,935    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 43,450   43,450     30,505    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,184,221   1,184,221     1,037,440    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,258   1,258     933    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,068   1,068     790    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,326 1,342 2,326 1,342 2,164 1,723 1,144 931
Total provision for losses 162 198 603 411        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 0 0        
Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,291,779   1,291,779     1,290,332    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 17,964   17,964     15,512    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,309,743   1,309,743     1,305,844    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 960   960     976    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 309   309     399    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,269 1,552 1,269 1,552 1,234 1,375 1,906 1,781
Total provision for losses 35 (354) (93) (229)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 (13) 0        
Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 399,694   399,694     315,549    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 8,014   8,014     8,525    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 407,708   407,708     324,074    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 265   265     247    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 136   136     158    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 401 353 401 353 397 405 447 408
Total provision for losses 4 36 (4) 75        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   (130) 0 (130)        
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 48,068   48,068     48,051    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 48,068   48,068     48,051    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 630   630     533    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 630 460 630 460 558 533 473 649
Total provision for losses 72 (13) 97 (189)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 0 0        
Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 12,853   12,853     13,397    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 721   721     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 13,574   13,574     13,397    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 10   10     34    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 12 2 12 2 $ 16 34 $ 3 $ 3
Total provision for losses (4) (1) (22) (1)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 0 0        
On-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,938,143   3,938,143     3,426,768    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 130,750   130,750     87,686    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 4,068,893   4,068,893     3,514,454    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,901   3,901     3,630    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,507   2,507     1,785    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 6,408   6,408     5,415    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,278,701   2,278,701     2,115,450    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 68,322   68,322     41,648    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,347,023   2,347,023     2,157,098    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,868   1,868     2,000    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,193   1,193     613    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3,061   3,061     2,613    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 767,275   767,275     569,360    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 41,201   41,201     27,770    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 808,476   808,476     597,130    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 973   973     652    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,010   1,010     770    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,983   1,983     1,422    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 623,499   623,499     537,859    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 13,516   13,516     10,658    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 637,015   637,015     548,517    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 748   748     735    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 192   192     270    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 940   940     1,005    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 246,416   246,416     183,660    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7,069   7,069     7,610    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 253,485   253,485     191,270    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 219   219     193    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 112   112     132    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 331   331     325    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 13,248   13,248     11,545    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 13,248   13,248     11,545    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 87   87     22    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 87   87     22    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 9,004   9,004     8,894    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 642   642     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 9,646   9,646     8,894    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 6   6     28    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 6   6     28    
Off-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,471,569   2,471,569     2,604,797    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 16,568   16,568     20,053    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,488,137   2,488,137     2,624,850    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,650   1,650     1,513    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 430   430     507    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,080   2,080     2,020    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,237,846   1,237,846     1,241,851    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 8,847   8,847     11,549    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,246,693   1,246,693     1,253,400    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 560   560     420    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 229   229     332    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 789   789     752    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 373,496   373,496     437,575    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,249   2,249     2,735    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 375,745   375,745     440,310    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 285   285     281    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 58   58     20    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 343   343     301    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 668,280   668,280     752,473    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 4,448   4,448     4,854    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 672,728   672,728     757,327    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 212   212     241    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 117   117     129    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 329   329     370    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 153,278   153,278     131,889    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 945   945     915    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 154,223   154,223     132,804    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 46   46     54    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 24   24     26    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 70   70     80    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 34,820   34,820     36,506    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 34,820   34,820     36,506    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 543   543     511    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 543   543     511    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,849   3,849     4,503    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 79   79     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,928   3,928     4,503    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4   4     6    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 6   6     $ 6    
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs $ 0 $ (130) $ (241) $ (130)        
[1] Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] As of second quarter 2017, Farmer Mac revised its calculation of the original loan-to-value ratio of a loan to combine for any cross-collateralized loans: (i) the original loan principal balance amounts in the numerator and (ii) the original appraised property values in the denominator. In previous periods, the ratio was calculated on a loan-by-loan basis without considering the effects of any cross-collateralization. Prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current period calculation and presentation.
[3] Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).