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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Allowance for Losses by Impairment Method and Commodity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2017
Jun. 30, 2016
Mar. 31, 2017
Dec. 31, 2016
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment $ 6,305,028   $ 6,305,028     $ 6,031,565    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 121,490   121,490     107,739    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1],[2] 6,426,518   6,426,518     6,139,304    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 5,512   5,512     5,143    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,592   2,592     2,292    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 8,104 $ 7,084 8,104 $ 7,084 $ 7,638 7,435 $ 6,626 $ 6,563
Total provision for losses 466 458 910 521        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0 (241) 0        
Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,461,262   3,461,262     3,357,301    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 67,089   67,089     53,197    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,528,351   3,528,351     3,410,498    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,494   2,494     2,420    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,241   1,241     945    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3,735 3,111 3,735 3,111 3,562 3,365 2,892 2,791
Total provision for losses 173 219 598 320        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     (228)          
Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,116,281   1,116,281     1,006,935    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 33,279   33,279     30,505    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,149,560   1,149,560     1,037,440    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,224   1,224     933    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 940   940     790    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,164 1,144 2,164 1,144 1,870 1,723 937 931
Total provision for losses 294 207 441 213        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     0          
Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,285,473   1,285,473     1,290,332    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 13,178   13,178     15,512    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,298,651   1,298,651     1,305,844    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 978   978     976    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 256   256     399    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,234 1,906 1,234 1,906 1,379 1,375 1,763 1,781
Total provision for losses (145) 143 (128) 125        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     (13)          
Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 374,880   374,880     315,549    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7,864   7,864     8,525    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 382,744   382,744     324,074    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 244   244     247    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 153   153     158    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 397 447 397 447 324 405 444 408
Total provision for losses 73 3 (8) 39        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     0          
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 53,999   53,999     48,051    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 53,999   53,999     48,051    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 558   558     533    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 558 473 558 473 472 533 587 649
Total provision for losses 86 (114) 25 (176)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     0          
Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 13,133   13,133     13,397    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 80   80     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 13,213   13,213     13,397    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 14   14     34    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 16 3 16 3 $ 31 34 $ 3 $ 3
Total provision for losses (15) $ 0 (18) 0        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs     0          
On-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,777,204   3,777,204     3,426,768    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 105,270   105,270     87,686    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,882,474   3,882,474     3,514,454    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,967   3,967     3,630    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,171   2,171     1,785    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 6,138   6,138     5,415    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,214,663   2,214,663     2,115,450    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 58,659   58,659     41,648    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,273,322   2,273,322     2,157,098    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,007   2,007     2,000    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 969   969     613    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,976   2,976     2,613    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 711,209   711,209     569,360    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 31,020   31,020     27,770    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 742,229   742,229     597,130    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 896   896     652    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 933   933     770    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,829   1,829     1,422    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 602,815   602,815     537,859    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 8,634   8,634     10,658    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 611,449   611,449     548,517    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 776   776     735    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 141   141     270    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 917   917     1,005    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 225,948   225,948     183,660    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 6,957   6,957     7,610    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 232,905   232,905     191,270    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 190   190     193    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 128   128     132    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 318   318     325    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 13,508   13,508     11,545    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 13,508   13,508     11,545    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 89   89     22    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 89   89     22    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 9,061   9,061     8,894    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 9,061   9,061     8,894    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 9   9     28    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 9   9     28    
Off-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,527,824   2,527,824     2,604,797    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 16,220   16,220     20,053    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,544,044   2,544,044     2,624,850    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,545   1,545     1,513    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 421   421     507    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,966   1,966     2,020    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,246,599   1,246,599     1,241,851    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 8,430   8,430     11,549    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,255,029   1,255,029     1,253,400    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 487   487     420    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 272   272     332    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 759   759     752    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 405,072   405,072     437,575    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,259   2,259     2,735    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 407,331   407,331     440,310    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 328   328     281    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7   7     20    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 335   335     301    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 682,658   682,658     752,473    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 4,544   4,544     4,854    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 687,202   687,202     757,327    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 202   202     241    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 115   115     129    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 317   317     370    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 148,932   148,932     131,889    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 907   907     915    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 149,839   149,839     132,804    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 54   54     54    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 25   25     26    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 79   79     80    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 40,491   40,491     36,506    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 40,491   40,491     36,506    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 469   469     511    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 469   469     511    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4,072   4,072     4,503    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 80   80     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 4,152   4,152     4,503    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 5   5     6    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 7   7     $ 6    
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs $ 0   $ (241) $ 0        
[1] Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).