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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Allowance for Losses by Impairment Method and Commodity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2015
Sep. 30, 2016
Sep. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Jun. 30, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment $ 5,926,868   $ 5,926,868     $ 5,649,604    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 77,860   77,860     75,695    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1],[2] 6,004,728   6,004,728     5,725,299    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4,971   4,971     4,713    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,952   1,952     1,850    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 6,923 $ 10,273 6,923 $ 10,273 $ 7,084 6,563 $ 10,576 $ 10,127
Total (release of)/provision for losses (31) (303) 490 257        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs (130) 0 (130) (111)        
Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,335,795   3,335,795     3,224,911    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 36,787   36,787     18,740    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,372,582   3,372,582     3,243,651    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,445   2,445     2,315    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 769   769     476    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3,214 2,763 3,214 2,763 3,111 2,791 2,653 2,519
Total (release of)/provision for losses 103 110 423 244        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 0 0 0        
Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 997,420   997,420     917,127    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 20,678   20,678     24,284    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,018,098   1,018,098     941,411    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 838   838     571    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 504   504     360    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,342 1,070 1,342 1,070 1,144 931 2,221 2,159
Total (release of)/provision for losses 198 (1,151) 411 (1,089)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 0 0 0        
Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,250,621   1,250,621     1,221,983    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 12,512   12,512     14,798    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,263,133   1,263,133     1,236,781    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,028   1,028     994    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 524   524     787    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,552 1,799 1,552 1,799 1,906 1,781 1,760 1,423
Total (release of)/provision for losses (354) 39 (229) 376        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 0 0 0        
Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 284,797   284,797     203,090    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7,883   7,883     8,035    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 292,680   292,680     211,125    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 198   198     181    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 155   155     227    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 353 384 353 384 447 408 433 467
Total (release of)/provision for losses 36 (49) 75 28        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs (130) 0 (130) (111)        
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 44,632   44,632     72,152    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     9,838    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 44,632   44,632     81,990    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 460   460     649    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 460 4,250 460 4,250 473 649 3,502 3,552
Total (release of)/provision for losses (13) 748 (189) 698        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 0 0 0        
Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 13,603   13,603     10,341    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 13,603   13,603     10,341    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     3    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2 7 2 7 $ 3 3 $ 7 $ 7
Total (release of)/provision for losses (1) 0 (1) 0        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 0 0 0        
On-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,279,932   3,279,932     2,900,868    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 58,552   58,552     57,107    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,338,484   3,338,484     2,957,975    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,463   3,463     3,387    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,491   1,491     1,093    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 4,954   4,954     4,480    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,051,432   2,051,432     1,911,039    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 26,788   26,788     12,803    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,078,220   2,078,220     1,923,842    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,947   1,947     1,968    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 473   473     290    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,420   2,420     2,258    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 544,237   544,237     433,654    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 17,783   17,783     21,247    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 562,020   562,020     454,901    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 579   579     434    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 479   479     218    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,058   1,058     652    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 501,713   501,713     444,320    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 6,976   6,976     5,958    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 508,689   508,689     450,278    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 757   757     702    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 410   410     384    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,167   1,167     1,086    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 162,029   162,029     92,712    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7,005   7,005     7,261    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 169,034   169,034     99,973    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 146   146     116    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 129   129     201    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 275   275     317    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 11,731   11,731     15,944    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     9,838    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 11,731   11,731     25,782    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 34   34     167    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 34   34     167    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 8,790   8,790     3,199    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 8,790   8,790     3,199    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 0   0     0    
Off-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,646,936   2,646,936     2,748,736    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 19,308   19,308     18,588    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,666,244   2,666,244     2,767,324    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,508   1,508     1,326    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 461   461     757    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,969   1,969     2,083    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,284,363   1,284,363     1,313,872    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 9,999   9,999     5,937    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,294,362   1,294,362     1,319,809    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 498   498     347    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 296   296     186    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 794   794     533    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 453,183   453,183     483,473    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,895   2,895     3,037    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 456,078   456,078     486,510    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 259   259     137    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 25   25     142    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 284   284     279    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 748,908   748,908     777,663    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 5,536   5,536     8,840    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 754,444   754,444     786,503    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 271   271     292    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 114   114     403    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 385   385     695    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 122,768   122,768     110,378    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 878   878     774    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 123,646   123,646     111,152    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 52   52     65    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 26   26     26    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 78   78     91    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 32,901   32,901     56,208    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 32,901   32,901     56,208    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 426   426     482    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 426   426     482    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4,813   4,813     7,142    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 4,813   4,813     7,142    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2   2     3    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2   2     $ 3    
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs $ (130) $ 0 $ (130) $ (111)        
[1] Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).