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Loans and Allowance for Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk - Allowance for Losses by Impairment Method and Commodity (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2015
Jun. 30, 2016
Jun. 30, 2015
Mar. 31, 2016
Dec. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment $ 5,756,398   $ 5,756,398     $ 5,649,604    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 74,135   74,135     75,695    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1],[2] 5,830,533   5,830,533     5,725,299    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4,739   4,739     4,713    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 2,345   2,345     1,850    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 7,084 $ 10,576 7,084 $ 10,576 $ 6,626 6,563 $ 9,431 $ 10,127
Total (release of)/provision for losses 458 1,256 521 560        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs 0 (111) 0 (111)        
Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,291,901   3,291,901     3,224,911    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 28,708   28,708     18,740    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,320,609   3,320,609     3,243,651    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,390   2,390     2,315    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 721   721     476    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3,111 2,653 3,111 2,653 2,892 2,791 2,640 2,519
Total (release of)/provision for losses 219 13 320 134        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0   0        
Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 932,774   932,774     917,127    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 25,124   25,124     24,284    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 957,898   957,898     941,411    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 640   640     571    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 504   504     360    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,144 2,221 1,144 2,221 937 931 2,284 2,159
Total (release of)/provision for losses 207 (63) 213 62        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0   0        
Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,213,711   1,213,711     1,221,983    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 11,885   11,885     14,798    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,225,596   1,225,596     1,236,781    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,012   1,012     994    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 894   894     787    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,906 1,760 1,906 1,760 1,763 1,781 1,343 1,423
Total (release of)/provision for losses 143 417 125 337        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0   0        
Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 256,090   256,090     203,090    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 8,418   8,418     8,035    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 264,508   264,508     211,125    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 221   221     181    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 226   226     227    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 447 433 447 433 444 408 459 467
Total (release of)/provision for losses 3 85 39 77        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   (111)   (111)        
Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 53,803   53,803     72,152    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     9,838    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 53,803   53,803     81,990    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 473   473     649    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 473 3,502 473 3,502 587 649 2,698 3,552
Total (release of)/provision for losses (114) 804 (176) (50)        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0   0        
Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 8,119   8,119     10,341    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 8,119   8,119     10,341    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3   3     3    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3 7 3 7 $ 3 3 $ 7 $ 7
Total (release of)/provision for losses 0 0 0 0        
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs   0   0        
On-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,130,315   3,130,315     2,900,868    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 58,283   58,283     57,107    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,188,598   3,188,598     2,957,975    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,274   3,274     3,387    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 1,619   1,619     1,093    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 4,893   4,893     4,480    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,016,360   2,016,360     1,911,039    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 22,481   22,481     12,803    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,038,841   2,038,841     1,923,842    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,957   1,957     1,968    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 511   511     290    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,468   2,468     2,258    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 474,431   474,431     433,654    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 22,001   22,001     21,247    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 496,432   496,432     454,901    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 380   380     434    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 476   476     218    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 856   856     652    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 485,740   485,740     444,320    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 6,301   6,301     5,958    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 492,041   492,041     450,278    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 714   714     702    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 434   434     384    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 1,148   1,148     1,086    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 138,786   138,786     92,712    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 7,500   7,500     7,261    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 146,286   146,286     99,973    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 164   164     116    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 198   198     201    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 362   362     317    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 11,843   11,843     15,944    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     9,838    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 11,843   11,843     25,782    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 59   59     167    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 59   59     167    
On-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3,155   3,155     3,199    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 3,155   3,155     3,199    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 0   0     0    
Off-balance sheet [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 2,626,083   2,626,083     2,748,736    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 15,852   15,852     18,588    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 2,641,935   2,641,935     2,767,324    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,465   1,465     1,326    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 726   726     757    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 2,191   2,191     2,083    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Crops [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 1,275,541   1,275,541     1,313,872    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 6,227   6,227     5,937    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 1,281,768   1,281,768     1,319,809    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 433   433     347    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 210   210     186    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 643   643     533    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Permanent Plantings [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 458,343   458,343     483,473    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 3,123   3,123     3,037    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 461,466   461,466     486,510    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 260   260     137    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 28   28     142    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 288   288     279    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Livestock [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 727,971   727,971     777,663    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 5,584   5,584     8,840    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 733,555   733,555     786,503    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 298   298     292    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 460   460     403    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 758   758     695    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Part-Time Farm [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 117,304   117,304     110,378    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 918   918     774    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 118,222   118,222     111,152    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 57   57     65    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 28   28     26    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 85   85     91    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Agriculture Storage and Processing [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 41,960   41,960     56,208    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 41,960   41,960     56,208    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 414   414     482    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 414   414     482    
Off-balance sheet [Member] | Other Commodity [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 4,964   4,964     7,142    
Financing Receivable, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Gross [1] 4,964   4,964     7,142    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Collectively Evaluated for Impairment 3   3     3    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Individually Evaluated for Impairment 0   0     0    
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses 3   3     $ 3    
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses [Member]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Additional Information [Abstract]                
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Write-downs $ 0 $ (111) $ 0 $ (111)        
[1] Amounts represent unpaid principal balance of risk-rated loans, which is the basis Farmer Mac uses to analyze its portfolio, and recorded investment of past due loans.
[2] Geographic regions: Northwest (AK, ID, MT, OR, WA, WY); Southwest (AZ, CA, CO, HI, NM, NV, UT); Mid-North (IA, IL, IN, MI, MN, NE, ND, SD, WI); Mid-South (AR, KS, LA, MO, OK, TX); Northeast (CT, DE, KY, MA, MD, ME, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, VA, VT, WV); Southeast (AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TN).