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Business Segment Reporting
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business Segment Reporting Disclosure
BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING

Farmer Mac's operations consist of four reportable operating segments – Farm & Ranch, USDA Guarantees, Rural Utilities, and Institutional Credit. The Institutional Credit segment comprises Farmer Mac's purchases and guarantees of AgVantage securities related to general obligations of lenders that are secured by pools of eligible loans.

Farmer Mac uses these four segments to manage business risk, and each segment is based on distinct products and distinct business activities.  In addition to these four operating segments, a corporate segment is presented.  That segment represents activity in Farmer Mac's investment portfolio and other corporate activities.  The operating segment financial results include directly attributable revenues and expenses.  Corporate charges for administrative expenses that are not directly attributable to an operating segment are allocated based on headcount.

Farmer Mac uses core earnings to measure corporate economic performance and develop financial plans because, in management's view, core earnings is a useful alternative measure in understanding Farmer Mac's economic performance, transaction economics, and business trends.  Core earnings principally differs from net income attributable to common stockholders by excluding the effects of fair value fluctuations, which are not expected to have a cumulative net impact on financial condition or results of operations reported in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") if the related financial instruments are held to maturity, as is generally expected. Core earnings also differs from net income attributable to common stockholders by excluding specified infrequent or unusual transactions that Farmer Mac believes are not indicative of future operating results and that may not reflect the trends and economic financial performance of Farmer Mac's core business. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be comparable to similarly labeled non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by other companies. Farmer Mac's disclosure of this non-GAAP measure is intended to be supplemental in nature and is not meant to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as more important than, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The financial information presented below reflects the accounts of Farmer Mac and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.  Accordingly, the core earnings for Farmer Mac's reportable operating segments will differ from the stand-alone financial statements of Farmer Mac's subsidiaries.  These differences will be due to various factors, including the reversal of unrealized gains and losses related to fair value changes of trading assets and financial derivatives, as well as the allocation of certain expenses such as dividends and interest expense related to the issuance of capital and the incurrence of indebtedness managed at the corporate level.  The allocation of general and administrative expenses that are not directly attributable to an operating segment may also result in differences.  
The following tables present core earnings for Farmer Mac's reportable operating segments and a reconciliation to consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013:

Table 14.1


Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
 
Farm & Ranch
 
USDA Guarantees
 
Rural 
Utilities
 
Institutional Credit
 
Corporate
 
Reconciling
Adjustments
 
Consolidated Net Income
 
(in thousands)
Interest income(1)
$
90,578

 
$
59,902

 
$
26,819

 
$
76,487

 
$
13,338

 
$
(2,301
)
 
$
264,823

Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income
(3,078
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,078

 
—

Interest expense(2)
(48,696
)
 
(42,063
)
 
(15,425
)
 
(33,032
)
 
(5,450
)
 
5,650

 
(139,016
)
Net effective spread
38,804

 
17,839

 
11,394

 
43,455

 
7,888

 
6,427

 
125,807

Guarantee and commitment fees
15,076

 
17

 
397

 
1,665

 
—

 
(3,078
)
 
14,077

Other income/(expense)(3)
1,040

 
100

 
25

 
—

 
(1,972
)
 
6,871

 
6,064

Non-interest income/(loss)
16,116

 
117

 
422

 
1,665

 
(1,972
)
 
3,793

 
20,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
(2,388
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2,388
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release of Losses
2,180

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,180

Other non-interest expense
(16,876
)
 
(3,449
)
 
(3,364
)
 
(2,109
)
 
(11,864
)
 
—

 
(37,662
)
Non-interest expense(4)
(14,696
)
 
(3,449
)
 
(3,364
)
 
(2,109
)
 
(11,864
)
 
—

 
(35,482
)
Core earnings before income taxes
37,836

 
14,507

 
8,452

 
43,011

 
(5,948
)
 
10,220

(5) 
108,078

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(13,188
)
 
(5,176
)
 
(2,947
)
 
(15,054
)
 
3,803

 
(1,677
)
 
(34,239
)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest
24,648

 
9,331

 
5,505

 
27,957

 
(2,145
)
 
8,543

(5) 
73,839

Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(13,182
)
 
—

 
(13,182
)
Non-controlling interest
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,139
)
 
—

 
(5,139
)
Loss on retirement of preferred stock
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(8,147
)
 
(8,147
)
Segment core earnings/(losses)
$
24,648

 
$
9,331

 
$
5,505

 
$
27,957

 
$
(20,466
)
 
$
396

(5) 
$
47,371

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets at carrying value
$
3,041,386

 
$
1,977,609

 
$
1,019,279

 
$
5,420,195

 
$
4,081,885

 
$
—

 
$
15,540,354

Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance
5,725,299

 
1,918,277

 
1,530,990

 
6,724,254

 


 
—

 
15,898,820

(1) 
Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts.
(2) 
Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Gains/(losses) on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements.
(3) 
Includes reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets. Also includes a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.
(4) 
Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.
(5) 
Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.
Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
 
Farm & Ranch
 
USDA Guarantees
 
Rural 
Utilities
 
Institutional Credit
 
Corporate
 
Reconciling
Adjustments
 
Consolidated Net Income
 
(in thousands)
Interest income(1)
$
78,934

 
$
54,955

 
$
27,879

 
$
77,512

 
$
17,637

 
$
(15,850
)
 
$
241,067

Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income
(2,086
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,086

 
—

Interest expense(2)
(45,025
)
 
(36,689
)
 
(17,138
)
 
(38,456
)
 
(3,830
)
 
(29,582
)
 
(170,720
)
Net effective spread
31,823

 
18,266

 
10,741

 
39,056

 
13,807

 
(43,346
)
 
70,347

Guarantee and commitment fees
15,107

 
134

 
—

 
1,539

 
—

 
(2,086
)
 
14,694

Other income/(expense)(3)
762

 
63

 
9

 
—

 
(4,913
)
 
22,675

 
18,596

Non-interest income/(loss)
15,869

 
197

 
9

 
1,539

 
(4,913
)
 
20,589

 
33,290

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release of allowance for loan losses
961

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
961

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release of reserve for losses
2,205

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,205

Other non-interest expense
(15,180
)
 
(2,955
)
 
(3,130
)
 
(1,891
)
 
(10,541
)
 
—

 
(33,697
)
Non-interest expense(4)
(12,975
)
 
(2,955
)
 
(3,130
)
 
(1,891
)
 
(10,541
)
 
—

 
(31,492
)
Core earnings before income taxes
35,678

 
15,508

 
7,620

 
38,704

 
(1,647
)
 
(22,757
)
(5) 
73,106

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(12,486
)
 
(5,430
)
 
(2,668
)
 
(13,548
)
 
23,347

 
7,961

 
(2,824
)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends
23,192

 
10,078

 
4,952

 
25,156

 
21,700

 
(14,796
)
(5) 
70,282

Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(9,839
)
 
—

 
(9,839
)
Non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(22,192
)
 
—

 
(22,192
)
Segment core earnings/(losses)
$
23,192

 
$
10,078

 
$
4,952

 
$
25,156

 
$
(10,331
)
 
$
(14,796
)
(5) 
$
38,251

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets at carrying value
$
2,611,401

 
$
1,825,210

 
$
995,082

 
$
5,459,296

 
$
3,396,832

 
$
—

 
$
14,287,821

Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance
5,417,174

 
1,798,034

 
985,609

 
6,396,941

 
 
 
—

 
14,597,758

(1) 
Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts and interest income related to securities purchased under agreements to resell.
(2) 
Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Gains/(losses) on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements. Includes reconciling adjustments for interest expense related to securities sold, not yet purchased.
(3) 
Includes interest income and interest expense related to securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold, not yet purchased, respectively; reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets; and a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.
(4) 
Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.
(5) 
Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.

Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
 
Farm & Ranch
 
USDA Guarantees
 
Rural 
Utilities
 
Institutional Credit
 
Corporate
 
Reconciling
Adjustments
 
Consolidated Net Income
 
(in thousands)
Interest income(1)
$
67,429

 
$
53,384

 
$
35,194

 
$
89,199

 
$
21,940

 
$
(20,417
)
 
$
246,729

Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income
(964
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
964

 
—

Interest expense(2)
(32,062
)
 
(35,656
)
 
(23,601
)
 
(53,613
)
 
(4,668
)
 
12,324

 
(137,276
)
Net effective spread
34,403

 
17,728


11,593


35,586


17,272


(7,129
)
 
109,453

Guarantee and commitment fees
14,944

 
132

 
—

 
1,515

 
—

 
(964
)
 
15,627

Other income/(expense)(3)
2,244

 
791

 
—

 
—

 
1,622

 
34,156

 
38,813

Non-interest income/(loss)
17,188

 
923


—


1,515


1,622


33,192

 
54,440

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release of allowance for loan losses
481

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
481

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Provision for losses
(929
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(929
)
Other non-interest expense
(14,649
)
 
(2,904
)
 
(3,100
)
 
(1,774
)
 
(9,751
)
 
—

 
(32,178
)
Non-interest expense(4)
(15,578
)
 
(2,904
)

(3,100
)

(1,774
)

(9,751
)

—

 
(33,107
)
Core earnings before income taxes
36,494

 
15,747


8,493


35,327


9,143


26,063

(5) 
131,267

Income tax (expense)/benefit
(12,773
)
 
(5,511
)
 
(2,973
)
 
(12,364
)
 
8,991

 
(9,122
)
 
(33,752
)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends
23,721

 
10,236


5,520


22,963


18,134


16,941

(5) 
97,515

Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3,495
)
 
—

 
(3,495
)
Non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(22,187
)
 
—

 
(22,187
)
Segment core earnings/(losses)
$
23,721

 
$
10,236


$
5,520


$
22,963


$
(7,548
)

$
16,941

(5) 
$
71,833

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets at carrying value
$
2,190,224

 
$
1,656,688

 
$
1,076,298

 
$
5,121,666

 
$
3,316,904

 
$
—

 
$
13,361,780

Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance
5,163,080

 
1,687,117

 
1,052,251

 
6,047,864

 
 
 
—

 
13,950,312

(1) 
Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts.
(2) 
Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "Gains/(losses) on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements.
(3) 
Includes reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets. Also includes a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.
(4) 
Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.
(5) 
Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.