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Accounting Policies - Cash and Cash Equivalents and Statements of Cash Flows (Details) (USD $)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2014
Non-cash activity:    
Loans acquired and securitized as Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities $ 49,487,000agm_LoansAcquiredAndSecuritizedAsFarmerMacGuaranteedSecurities $ 62,751,000agm_LoansAcquiredAndSecuritizedAsFarmerMacGuaranteedSecurities
Consolidation of Farm & Ranch Guaranteed Securities from off-balance sheet to loans held for investment in consolidated trusts and to debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties 49,487,000agm_ConsolidationOfGuaranteedSecuritiesFromOffBalanceSheetToLoansHeldForInvestmentAndDebtSecuritiesOfConsolidatedTrustsHeldByThirdParties 62,751,000agm_ConsolidationOfGuaranteedSecuritiesFromOffBalanceSheetToLoansHeldForInvestmentAndDebtSecuritiesOfConsolidatedTrustsHeldByThirdParties
Purchases of securities - traded, not yet settled 14,915,000agm_PurchasesOfInvestmentSecuritiesTradedNotYetSettled 0agm_PurchasesOfInvestmentSecuritiesTradedNotYetSettled
Preferred Stock Redemption Premium 8,147,000us-gaap_PreferredStockRedemptionPremium 0us-gaap_PreferredStockRedemptionPremium
Institutional Credit [Member]    
Non-cash activity:    
Preferred Stock Redemption Premium 0us-gaap_PreferredStockRedemptionPremium
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= agm_InstitutionalCreditMemberMember		  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member]    
Non-cash activity:    
Transfers of available-for-sale Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities to held-to-maturity 0us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetTransfersOutOfLevel3
/ us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
/ us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember		 1,612,086,000us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetTransfersOutOfLevel3
/ us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
/ us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member]    
Non-cash activity:    
Transfers of available-for-sale Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities to held-to-maturity 0us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetTransfersOutOfLevel3
/ us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis
= us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember
/ us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
/ us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember
/ us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestmentsByCategoryAxis
= us-gaap_AvailableforsaleSecuritiesMember		  
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Institutional Credit [Member] | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring [Member] | Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities [Member] | Available-for-sale Securities [Member]    
Non-cash activity:    
Transfers of available-for-sale Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities to held-to-maturity $ 0us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetTransfersOutOfLevel3
/ us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis
= us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember
/ us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
/ us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember
/ us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestmentsByCategoryAxis
= us-gaap_AvailableforsaleSecuritiesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= agm_InstitutionalCreditMemberMember		 [1] $ 1,612,086,000us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementWithUnobservableInputsReconciliationRecurringBasisAssetTransfersOutOfLevel3
/ us-gaap_FairValueByAssetClassAxis
= us-gaap_USGovernmentSponsoredEnterprisesDebtSecuritiesMember
/ us-gaap_FairValueByFairValueHierarchyLevelAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueInputsLevel3Member
/ us-gaap_FairValueByMeasurementFrequencyAxis
= us-gaap_FairValueMeasurementsRecurringMember
/ us-gaap_GainLossOnInvestmentsByCategoryAxis
= us-gaap_AvailableforsaleSecuritiesMember
/ us-gaap_StatementBusinessSegmentsAxis
= agm_InstitutionalCreditMemberMember		 [1]
[1] Includes unrealized gains of $0.2 million attributable to assets still held as of March 31, 2015 that are recorded in "Gains on trading securities."