BUSINESS SEGMENT REPORTING

After an evaluation of Farmer Mac's overall portfolio of product offerings and reportable segments, Farmer Mac's management determined that Farmer Mac's operations consist of four reportable operating segments effective January 1, 2014 – Farm & Ranch, USDA Guarantees, Rural Utilities, and Institutional Credit. The Institutional Credit segment comprises Farmer Mac's guarantees of AgVantage securities related to general obligations of lenders that are secured by pools of eligible loans.

Farmer Mac uses these four segments to manage business risk, and each segment is based on distinct products and distinct business activities. In addition to these four operating segments, a corporate segment is presented. That segment represents activity in Farmer Mac's investment portfolio and other corporate activities. The segment financial results include directly attributable revenues and expenses. Corporate charges for administrative expenses that are not directly attributable to an operating segment are allocated based on headcount.

Farmer Mac uses core earnings to measure corporate economic performance and develop financial plans because, in management's view, core earnings is a useful alternative measure in understanding Farmer Mac's economic performance, transaction economics, and business trends. Core earnings principally differs from net income attributable to common stockholders by excluding the effects of fair value accounting guidance, which are not expected to have a cumulative net impact on financial condition or results of operations reported in accordance with GAAP if the related financial instruments are held to maturity, as is generally expected. Core earnings also differs from net income attributable to common stockholders by excluding specified infrequent or unusual transactions that Farmer Mac believes are not indicative of future operating results and that may not reflect the trends and economic financial performance of Farmer Mac's core business. This non-GAAP financial measure may not be comparable to similarly labeled non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by other companies. Farmer Mac's disclosure of this non-GAAP measure is intended to be supplemental in nature and is not meant to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as more important than, the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

The financial information presented below reflects the accounts of Farmer Mac and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, the core earnings for Farmer Mac's reportable operating segments will differ from the stand-alone financial statements of Farmer Mac's subsidiaries. These differences will be due to various factors, including the reversal of unrealized gains and losses related to fair value changes of trading assets and financial derivatives, as well as the allocation of certain expenses such as dividends and interest expense related to the issuance of capital and the incurrence of indebtedness managed at the corporate level. The allocation of general and administrative expenses that are not directly attributable to an operating segment may also result in differences. The assets of Farmer Mac's subsidiary Farmer Mac II LLC will only be available to creditors of Farmer Mac after all obligations owed to creditors of and equity holders in Farmer Mac II LLC have been satisfied. As of December 31, 2014, Farmer Mac II LLC held assets with a fair value of $1.8 billion, had debt outstanding of $470.0 million, had preferred stock outstanding with a liquidation preference of $250.0 million, and had $1.0 billion of common stock outstanding held by Farmer Mac.

The following tables present core earnings for Farmer Mac's reportable operating segments and a reconciliation to consolidated net income for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

Table 14.1



Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Farm & Ranch			USDA Guarantees			Rural Utilities			Institutional Credit			Corporate			Reconciling Adjustments				Consolidated Net Income
	(in thousands)
Interest income (1)	$	78,934		$	54,955		$	27,879		$	67,019		$	17,637		$	(15,850	)		$	230,574
Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income	(2,086		)	—			—			—			—			2,086				—
Interest expense (2)	(45,025		)	(36,689		)	(17,138		)	(38,456		)	(3,830		)	(29,582		)		(170,720		)
Net effective spread	31,823			18,266			10,741			28,563			13,807			(43,346		)		59,854
Guarantee and commitment fees	15,107			134			—			12,032			—			(2,086		)		25,187
Other income/(expense) (3)	762			63			9			—			(4,913		)	22,675				18,596
Non-interest income/(loss)	15,869			197			9			12,032			(4,913		)	20,589				43,783

Release of allowance for loan losses	961			—			—			—			—			—				961

Release of reserve for losses	2,205			—			—			—			—			—				2,205
Other non-interest expense	(15,180		)	(2,955		)	(3,130		)	(1,891		)	(10,541		)	—				(33,697		)
Non-interest expense (4)	(12,975		)	(2,955		)	(3,130		)	(1,891		)	(10,541		)	—				(31,492		)
Core earnings before income taxes	35,678			15,508			7,620			38,704			(1,647		)	(22,757		)	(5)	73,106
Income tax (expense)/benefit	(12,486		)	(5,430		)	(2,668		)	(13,548		)	23,347			7,961				(2,824		)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	23,192			10,078			4,952			25,156			21,700			(14,796		)	(5)	70,282
Preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(9,839		)	—				(9,839		)
Non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(22,192		)	—				(22,192		)
Segment core earnings/(losses)	$	23,192		$	10,078		$	4,952		$	25,156		$	(10,331	)	$	(14,796	)	(5)	$	38,251

Total assets at carrying value	$	2,611,401		$	1,825,210		$	995,082		$	5,459,296		$	3,396,832		$	—			$	14,287,821
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance	5,417,174			1,798,034			985,609			6,396,941						—				14,597,758


(1)	Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts and interest income related to securities purchased under agreements to resell.


(2)	Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "(Losses)/gains on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements. Includes reconciling adjustments for interest expense related to securities sold, not yet purchased.

(3)

Includes interest income and interest expense related to securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold, not yet purchased, respectively; reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets; and a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.


(4)	Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.


(5)	Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.



Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Farm & Ranch			USDA Guarantees			Rural Utilities			Institutional Credit			Corporate			Reconciling Adjustments				Consolidated Net Income
	(in thousands)
Interest income (1)	$	67,429		$	53,384		$	35,194		$	77,868		$	21,940		$	(20,417	)		$	235,398
Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income	(964		)	—			—			—			—			964				—
Interest expense (2)	(32,062		)	(35,656		)	(23,601		)	(53,613		)	(4,668		)	12,324				(137,276		)
Net effective spread	34,403			17,728			11,593			24,255			17,272			(7,129		)		98,122
Guarantee and commitment fees	14,944			132			—			12,846			—			(964		)		26,958
Other income/(expense) (3)	2,244			791			—			—			1,622			34,156				38,813
Non-interest income/(loss)	17,188			923			—			12,846			1,622			33,192				65,771

Release of allowance for loan losses	481			—			—			—			—			—				481

Provision for losses	(929		)	—			—			—			—			—				(929		)
Other non-interest expense	(14,649		)	(2,904		)	(3,100		)	(1,774		)	(9,751		)	—				(32,178		)
Non-interest expense (4)	(15,578		)	(2,904		)	(3,100		)	(1,774		)	(9,751		)	—				(33,107		)
Core earnings before income taxes	36,494			15,747			8,493			35,327			9,143			26,063			(5)	131,267
Income tax (expense)/benefit	(12,773		)	(5,511		)	(2,973		)	(12,364		)	8,991			(9,122		)		(33,752		)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	23,721			10,236			5,520			22,963			18,134			16,941			(5)	97,515
Preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(3,495		)	—				(3,495		)
Non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(22,187		)	—				(22,187		)
Segment core earnings/(losses)	$	23,721		$	10,236		$	5,520		$	22,963		$	(7,548	)	$	16,941		(5)	$	71,833

Total assets at carrying value	$	2,190,224		$	1,656,688		$	1,076,298		$	5,121,666		$	3,316,904		$	—			$	13,361,780
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance	5,163,080			1,687,117			1,052,251			6,047,864						—				13,950,312


(1)	Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts.


(2)	Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "(Losses)/gains on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements.


(3)	Includes reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets. Also includes a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.


(4)	Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.


(5)	Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.



Core Earnings by Business Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2012
	Farm & Ranch			USDA Guarantees			Rural Utilities			Institutional Credit			Corporate			Reconciling Adjustments				Consolidated Net Income
	(in thousands)
Interest income (1)	$	70,590		$	56,815		$	35,566		$	88,801		$	24,729		$	(11,831	)		$	264,670
Interest income related to consolidated trusts owned by third parties reclassified to guarantee fee income	(1,659		)	—			—			—			—			1,659				—
Interest expense (2)	(36,390		)	(38,761		)	(23,301		)	(64,942		)	(4,891		)	25,595				(142,690		)
Net effective spread	32,541			18,054			12,265			23,859			19,838			15,423				121,980
Guarantee and commitment fees	14,292			163			—			12,167			—			(1,659		)		24,963
Other income/(expense) (3)	2,427			599			466			—			(2,113		)	(22,607		)		(21,228		)
Non-interest income/(loss)	16,719			762			466			12,167			(2,113		)	(24,266		)		3,735

Provision for loan losses	(3,691		)	—			—			—			—			—				(3,691		)

Release of losses	1,816			—			—			—			—			—				1,816
Other non-interest expense	(14,836		)	(2,773		)	(3,204		)	(1,834		)	(10,077		)	—				(32,724		)
Non-interest expense (4)	(13,020		)	(2,773		)	(3,204		)	(1,834		)	(10,077		)	—				(30,908		)
Core earnings before income taxes	32,549			16,043			9,527			34,192			7,648			(8,843		)	(5)	91,116
Income tax (expense)/benefit	(11,392		)	(5,615		)	(3,334		)	(11,967		)	7,057			3,095				(22,156		)
Core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	21,157			10,428			6,193			22,225			14,705			(5,748		)	(5)	68,960
Preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(2,879		)	—				(2,879		)
Non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends	—			—			—			—			(22,187		)	—				(22,187		)
Segment core earnings	$	21,157		$	10,428		$	6,193		$	22,225		$	(10,361	)	$	(5,748	)	(5)	$	43,894

Total assets at carrying value	$	1,736,391		$	1,641,030		$	1,080,045		$	4,772,509		$	3,392,226		$	—			$	12,622,201
Total on- and off-balance sheet program assets at principal balance	4,747,289			1,615,579			1,031,945			5,620,375						—				13,015,188


(1)	Includes reconciling adjustments for the amortization of premiums and discounts on assets consolidated at fair value to reflect core earnings amounts.


(2)	Based on effective funding cost determined for each operating segment, including expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges, which are included in "(Losses)/gains on financial derivatives and hedging activities" on the consolidated financial statements.


(3)	Includes reconciling adjustments for the reclassification of expenses related to interest rate swaps not designated as hedges and fair value adjustments on financial derivatives and trading assets. Also includes a reconciling adjustment related to the recognition of deferred gains over the estimated lives of certain Farmer Mac Guaranteed Securities and USDA Securities.


(4)	Includes directly attributable costs and an allocation of indirectly attributable costs based on headcount.


(5)	Net adjustments to reconcile core earnings before income taxes; core earnings before preferred stock dividends and attribution of income to non-controlling interest - preferred stock dividends; and segment core earnings to corresponding income measures: income before income taxes, net income, and net income attributable to common stockholders, respectively.