Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The significant accounting and reporting policies of the Company outlined below are in accordance with GAAP. (a) Use of Estimates In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to accounting for business combinations, accounting for acquired loans, the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, mortgage servicing rights, and the valuation of derivative instruments and certain investments. (b) Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and balance sheets, cash and due from banks include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, including short-term investments with original maturities of less than 90 days. Federal funds sold represents excess bank reserves lent (generally on an overnight basis) to other financial institutions in the federal funds market. Federal funds sold are separately disclosed within the consolidated balance sheets. (c) Investment Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized historical cost. Securities not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Securities available for sale are intended to be used as part of the Company’s asset and liability management strategy and may be sold in response to liquidity needs, changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, or other similar factors. Securities reclassified from one category to another are transferred at fair value. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities are reported as adjustments to interest income using the effective interest method. Realized gains and losses on dispositions are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold using the specific identification method and recorded on the date of settlement. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security. These gains and losses are credited or charged to shareholders’ equity, whereas realized gains and losses flow through the Company’s current earnings. Investment securities for which the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost are evaluated on a quarterly basis for credit related other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in the consolidated statements of income if either the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, management must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is credit loss, the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income, and the remaining portion of the impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition. The Company has made investments in several fintech companies, which are being accounted for as equity securities under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 321, Investments – Equity Investments. None of the Company's fintech investments have readily-determinable fair values and most are reported at cost, less impairment, if any. The Company reports such investments at fair value if observable market transactions have occurred in similar securities. Several of the fintech entities had observable market transactions in 2022 and 2021 that, in the opinion of management, were in securities similar to the Company's existing investments. Accordingly, the Company recorded fair market value adjustments (unrealized gains) on its existing investments totaling $9.3 million and $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which is reported in noninterest income as fair value adjustments on other equity investments on the consolidated statements of operations. These investments, inclusive of the fair value adjustments, totaled $21.6 million and $12.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in other equity investments on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company also holds investments in early-stage focused investment funds, small business investment companies ("SBIC"), and low-income housing partnerships, which are reported in other investments on the consolidated balance sheets, and total $24.7 million and $12.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These investments do not have readily-determinable fair values, are generally reported at amortized cost, and are periodically evaluated for potential impairment. (d) Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans originated or purchased and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at estimated fair value in the aggregate. Changes in fair value are recognized in residential mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of income. The Company participates in a mandatory delivery program for its government guaranteed and conventional mortgage loans. Under the mandatory delivery program, loans with interest rate locks are paired with the sale of a to-be-announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed security bearing similar attributes in the aggregate. Under the mandatory delivery program, the Bank commits to deliver loans to an investor at an agreed upon price after the close of such loans. This differs from a best efforts delivery, which sets the sale price with the investor on a loan-by-loan basis when each loan is locked. Certain consumer loans originated by the Company and sourced by fintech partners are classified on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as held for sale. These loans are originated by the Bank and either sold directly to the applicable fintech partner or another investor at par, generally up to 10 days from origination. These loans are carried at cost. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, fintech loans held for sale totaled $9.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and are included in loans held for sale on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company holds for sale the conditionally guaranteed portion of certain loans guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (collectively referred to as “government guaranteed loans”). These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Gains or losses on government guaranteed loans held for sale are recognized upon completion of the sale, based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, government guaranteed loans classified as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets were $44.7 million and $0, respectively. (e) Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until loan maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, and net of any deferred fees and origination costs. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment of the yield using the payment terms required by the loan contract. As a result of the Bay Banks Merger and the Company's acquisition of Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. in 2019, the Company's loan portfolio is segregated between loans initially accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as "originated" loans) and loans acquired (referred to as "acquired" loans). The loans segregated to the acquired loan portfolio were initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality, or ASC 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs. Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, which were the nonperforming loans acquired in the Company's acquisitions, were acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality and are accounted for under ASC 310-30. These loans are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. The Company accounts for interest income on all loans acquired at a discount (that is due, in part, to credit quality) based on the acquired loans' expected cash flows. The acquired loans may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. A pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flow. The difference between the cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loans, or the "accretable yield," is recognized as interest income utilizing the level-yield method over the life of each pool. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition are recognized prospectively through adjustment to any previously recognized allowance for loan loss for that pool of loans and then through an increase in the yield on the pool over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment through a loss provision and an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, the allowance for loan losses on these impaired pools reflects only losses incurred after the acquisition (representing the present value of all cash flows that were expected at acquisition but currently are not expected to be received). The Company periodically evaluates the remaining contractual required payments due and estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for PCI loans. These evaluations, performed no less than semi-annually, require the continued use of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Changes in the contractual required payments due and estimated cash flows expected to be collected may result in changes in the accretable yield and non-accretable difference or reclassifications between accretable yield and the non-accretable difference. On an aggregate basis, if the acquired pools of PCI loans perform better than originally expected, the Company would expect to receive more future cash flows than originally modeled at the acquisition date. For the pools with better than expected cash flows, the forecasted increase would be recorded as an additional accretable yield that is recognized as a prospective increase to the Company's interest income on loans. Loans are generally placed into nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more as to either principal or interest or when, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and/or interest is in doubt. A loan remains in nonaccrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest or past due less than 90 days and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. When cash payments are received, they are applied to principal first, then to accrued interest. It is the Company's policy not to record interest income on nonaccrual loans until principal has become current. In certain instances, accruing loans that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest may not go on nonaccrual status if the Company determines that the loans are well secured and are in the process of collection. Loans are charged-off in whole or in part when a loan or a portion thereof is considered uncollectible. Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and other real estate owned (“OREO”). The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends, and specific conditions of the individual borrowers. As a part of the analysis, the Company uses comparative peer group data and qualitative factors such as levels of and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charged-off loans, changes in volume and terms of loans, effects of changes in lending policy, experience and ability and depth of management, national and local economic trends, and conditions and concentrations of credit, competition, and loan review results to support estimates. The allowance for loan losses is increased or decreased by provision for loan losses, increased by recoveries of loans previously charged off, and decreased by loans charged off. The Company also maintains an allowance for loan losses for acquired loans: (i) accounted for under ASC 310-30, when there is deterioration in credit quality subsequent to acquisition, and (ii) accounted for under ASC 310-20, when the inherent losses in the loans exceed the remaining discount recorded at the time of acquisition. The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and, therefore, individually evaluated for impairment. The Company considers a loan to be impaired when 1) the risk grade of the loan is substandard or worse and the balance of the loan exceeds $500,000, or 2) the loan is a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), regardless of balance. The Company determines and recognizes impairment of certain loans when, based on current information and events, it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan agreement. A loan is not considered impaired during a period of delay in payment if the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including past-due interest. The Company evaluates the impairment of certain loans on a loan-by-loan basis for those loans that are adversely risk rated. Measurement of impairment is based on the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or measured on an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan, discounted to consider estimated costs to sell the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. If the net value is less than the loan's carrying value (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) an impairment is recognized and a specific reserve is established for the impaired loan. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged-off. The general component of the allowance for loan losses covers those loans not classified as impaired and those loans classified as impaired that are not individually evaluated for impairment. Loans in the general component population are segmented into homogenous groups that share similar characteristics and receive a loss factor that is based on historical loss experience and adjusted for other internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical data. Internal and external factors include, but are not limited to, internal underwriting standards, loan portfolio composition and concentrations, and local and national economic conditions. Loans considered to be TDRs are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured loans are considered impaired loans and may either be in accruing status or nonaccruing status. Nonaccruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category in the year subsequent to the restructuring, if their revised loan terms are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the credit market for loans with comparable risk and if they meet certain performance criteria. (f) Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment, other than land, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Estimated useful lives ranges from 39 to 40 years for buildings and from 3 to 15 years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the lease term. Purchased computer software, which is capitalized, is amortized over estimated useful lives of one to three years. (g) Leases In accordance with the requirements of ASC 842, Leases, the Company evaluates new real estate and equipment leases to determine whether the contractual arrangements constitute a lease, or contain an embedded lease, which would be in scope under ASC 842 and whether such leases would meet the requirements of an operating or financing lease under the standard. For operating leases, right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use leased assets over the term of the lease. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term and are measured as the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets are measured as the amount of the lease liability adjusted for certain items such as prepaid lease payments, unamortized lease incentives, and unamortized direct costs. ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis less the periodic interest expense adjustment of the lease liability and the amortization is included in occupancy expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The discount rate used for the present value calculations for lease liabilities was the rate implicit in the lease if determinable, and when the rate was not determinable, the Company used its incremental, collateralized borrowing rate with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") for the period that most closely coincided with the respective lease term as of the commencement date of the lease. Most of the Company’s leases include renewal options, with renewal terms extending the lease obligation up to as much as eight years. Lease terms may include renewal or extension options to the extent they are reasonably certain to be exercised as assessed at lease commencement. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any leases that met the standard definition of a finance lease nor did it engage in any sale-leaseback transactions or have any material sublease income. In accordance with the ASC, the Company elects not to recognize an ROU asset and lease obligation for contracts with an initial term of twelve months or less. The expense associated with these short-term leases is included in noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. To the extent that a lease arrangement includes both lease and non-lease components, the Company has elected not to account for these separately. Rent expense on operating leases is recorded using the straight-line method over the appropriate lease term. (h) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying amount. Impairment is indicated when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company performs the impairment test annually during the fourth quarter. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if events and circumstances exist that might indicate impairment may have occurred. The majority of the Company's intangible assets with definite useful lives is a core deposit intangible asset acquired as part of the Bay Banks Merger. No impairment was recorded for goodwill and other intangible assets in 2022 and 2021. (i) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSR”) Assets MSR assets represent the economic value associated with servicing a mortgage loan during the life of the loan. The Company retains servicing rights on mortgages originated and sold to the secondary market. The assets are separate from the underlying mortgage and may be retained or sold by the Company when the related mortgage is sold. Under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, MSR assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently accounted for using either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method. Beginning January 1, 2022, the Company elected the fair value measurement method for accounting for MSR assets; prior to this, MSR assets were recorded under the amortization method. This change in accounting method, which was an irrevocable election, was prospective in nature and resulted in an after-tax difference in carrying values of its MSR assets under the two methods at the beginning of 2022. Consequently, a positive $3.5 million cumulative effect adjustment was recorded to stockholders’ equity as of January 1, 2022. MSR assets and servicing income are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income, respectively. (j) Other Real Estate Owned Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and reported as OREO. At the time of acquisition these properties are recorded at estimated fair value less estimated selling costs, with any write down charged to the allowance for loan losses and any gain on foreclosure recorded in the allowance up to the amount previously charged off, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations of the assets are periodically performed by management, and these assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Adjustments are made for subsequent declines in the fair value of the assets, less selling costs. Revenue and expenses from operations and valuation changes are charged to operating income in the period of the transaction. (k) Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees. The cash surrender value of life insurance is recorded at the gross amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance date, which is the cash surrender value. The increase in the cash surrender value over time is recorded as other noninterest income. The Company monitors the financial strength and condition of the counterparty. (l) Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the balance sheet method in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Per ASC 740, the objective is to recognize (a) the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, and (b) defer tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or federal income tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book (i.e., financial statement) and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and give current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. Temporary differences are reversed in the period in which an amount or amounts become taxable or deductible. When the Company’s federal tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties, if any, associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the consolidated statements of income. (m) Earnings Per Share Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation, and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities, or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued. (n) Derivatives Derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value. The Company’s derivatives consist of forward sales of to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities and interest rate lock commitments. The Company’s hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk or to hedge specified assets and liabilities. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may be required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. If derivative instruments are designated as hedges of fair values, both the change in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item are included in current earnings. During the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to originate mortgage loans, whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). For commitments issued in connection with potential loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into positions of forward month mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to be announced (“TBA”) contracts on a mandatory basis or on a one-to-one forward sales contract on a best efforts basis. The Company enters into TBA contracts in order to control interest rate risk during the period between the rate lock commitment and mandatory sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the TBA contract are considered derivatives. A mortgage loan sold on a best efforts basis is locked into a forward sales contract with a counterparty on the same day as the rate lock commitment to control interest rate risk during the period between the commitment and the sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the forward sales contract are considered derivatives. The market values of rate lock commitments and best efforts forward delivery commitments is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments, delivery contracts, and forward sales contracts of MBS by measuring the change in the value of the underlying asset, while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. Certain risks arise from the forward delivery contracts in that the counterparties to the contracts may not be able to meet the terms of the contracts. Additional risks inherent in mandatory delivery programs include the risk that, if the Company does not close the loans subject to rate lock commitments, it will still be obligated to deliver MBS to the counterparty under the forward sales agreement. The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to accommodate the needs of its banking customers. The Company mitigates the interest rate risk entering into these swap agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with a highly-rated third-party financial institutions. These back-to-back swap agreements are a free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company entered into various interest rate swaps in 2020 and 2019 that qualified as cash flow hedges as defined by ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The hedging objective was to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate advances from the designation date and going through the maturity date. The Company terminated these cash flow hedges during the fourth quarter of 2021 and recorded a gain on the termination. (o) Business Segments The Company has three reportable business segments consisting of commercial banking, mortgage banking, and holding company activities. The commercial banking business segment makes loans to and generates deposits from individuals and businesses, while offering a wide array of general financial services to its customers. It is distinct from the Company's mortgage banking division, which concentrates on individual, wholesale, and participated mortgage lending, and sales activities. Activities at the holding company or parent level are primarily associated with investments, borrowings, and certain noninterest expenses. (p) Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Issued But Not Adopted) In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 – Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11 – Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"). Together, these ASUs create a new standard that significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The new standard will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which include, but are not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments and financial guarantees. ASU 2016-13 simplifies the accounting for PCI debt securities and loans and expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination (or vintage year). ASU 2022-02 eliminates existing TDR guidance for organizations that have adopted (or will adopt) ASU 2016-13 while also requiring additional disclosures for loan modifications and gross charge-offs by year of origination. For public business entities that meet the definition of an emerging growth company, such as the Company, implementation of the new CECL standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period as long as the Company has adopted to the amendments in ASU 2016-13. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-13 provides for a modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is effective. The Company expects to finalize the adoption of ASU 2016-13 during the first quarter of 2023 effective as of January 1, 2023. The Company to date has selected the software vendor for implementation, sourced and tested required data from the Company’s loan systems, tested data feeds to the model, determined appropriate segmentations of its portfolio, selected a preliminary forecast period for reasonable and supportable forecasts, and has performed parallel runs of the model as of the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2022. Additionally, the Company contracted for and received results from an independent third party, which validated the CECL model and process. The Company is currently finalizing its assessment of current and forecasted macroeconomic factors and assumptions and is testing and finalizing internal controls. The increase to the allowance for loan losses and the liability for unfunded commitments will have no impact on the consolidated statement of operations upon the adoption of CECL. Instead, the increase in the allowance for loan losses will result in a corresponding increase in the carrying value of loans held for investment for those loans deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) or a decrease to retained earnings through an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment for those loans deemed to be non-PCD. The increase in the liability for unfunded commitments, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, will result in a corresponding decrease to retained earnings through an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment. The Company currently estimates its allowance for loan losses as of January 1, 2023 will increase by a range of $8.5 million to $9.5 million while retained earnings will decrease by a range of $6.1 million to $6.8 million. In addition, the Company expects to recognize an increase to the liability for unfunded commitments by a range of $3.5 million to $4.5 million while retained earnings will decrease by a range of $2.7 million to $3.5 million.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting and reporting policies of the Company outlined below are in accordance with GAAP.

(a) Use of Estimates

In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosures of contingent assets and contingent liabilities, as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to accounting for business combinations, accounting for acquired loans, the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, mortgage servicing rights, and the valuation of derivative instruments and certain investments.

(b) Cash and due from banks and federal funds sold

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows and balance sheets, cash and due from banks include cash on hand and amounts due from banks, including short-term investments with original maturities of less than 90 days.

Federal funds sold represents excess bank reserves lent (generally on an overnight basis) to other financial institutions in the federal funds market. Federal funds sold are separately disclosed within the consolidated balance sheets.

Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. If management has the intent and the Company has the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held to maturity and carried at amortized historical cost. Securities not intended to be held to maturity are classified as available for sale and carried at fair value. Securities available for sale are intended to be used as part of the Company’s asset and liability management strategy and may be sold in response to liquidity needs, changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, or other similar factors. Securities reclassified from one category to another are transferred at fair value.

Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts on securities are reported as adjustments to interest income using the effective interest method. Realized gains and losses on dispositions are based on the net proceeds and the adjusted book value of the securities sold using the specific identification method and recorded on the date of settlement. Unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based on the difference between book value and fair value of each security. These gains and losses are credited or charged to shareholders’ equity, whereas realized gains and losses flow through the Company’s current earnings.

Investment securities for which the fair value of the security is less than its amortized cost are evaluated on a quarterly basis for credit related other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). For debt securities, impairment is considered other-than-temporary and recognized in its entirety in the consolidated statements of income if either the Company intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If, however, the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery, management must determine what portion of the impairment is attributable to a credit loss, which occurs when the amortized cost basis of the security exceeds the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected from the security. If there is credit loss, the loss is recognized in the consolidated statements of income, and the remaining portion of the impairment is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition.

The Company has made investments in several fintech companies, which are being accounted for as equity securities under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 321, Investments – Equity Investments. None of the Company's fintech investments have readily-determinable fair values and most are reported at cost, less impairment, if any. The Company reports such investments at fair value if observable market transactions have occurred in similar securities. Several of the fintech entities had observable market transactions in 2022 and 2021 that, in the opinion of management, were in securities similar to the Company's existing investments. Accordingly, the Company recorded fair market value adjustments (unrealized gains) on its existing investments totaling $9.3 million and $7.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which is reported in noninterest income as fair value adjustments on other equity investments on the consolidated statements of operations. These investments, inclusive of the fair value adjustments, totaled $21.6 million and $12.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and are included in other equity investments on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

The Company also holds investments in early-stage focused investment funds, small business investment companies ("SBIC"), and low-income housing partnerships, which are reported in other investments on the consolidated balance sheets, and total $24.7 million and $12.7 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These investments do not have readily-determinable fair values, are generally reported at amortized cost, and are periodically evaluated for potential impairment.

(d) Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated or purchased and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at estimated fair value in the aggregate. Changes in fair value are recognized in residential mortgage banking income on the consolidated statements of income. The Company participates in a mandatory delivery program for its government guaranteed and conventional mortgage loans. Under the mandatory delivery program, loans with interest rate locks are paired with the sale of a to-be-announced (“TBA”) mortgage-backed security bearing similar attributes in the aggregate. Under the mandatory delivery program, the Bank commits to deliver loans to an investor at an agreed upon price after the close of such loans. This differs from a best efforts delivery, which sets the sale price with the investor on a loan-by-loan basis when each loan is locked.

Certain consumer loans originated by the Company and sourced by fintech partners are classified on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as held for sale. These loans are originated by the Bank and either sold directly to the applicable fintech partner or another investor at par, generally up to 10 days from origination. These loans are carried at cost. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, fintech loans held for sale totaled $9.8 million and $5.8 million, respectively, and are included in loans held for sale on the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

The Company holds for sale the conditionally guaranteed portion of certain loans guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (collectively referred to as “government guaranteed loans”). These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair market value. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings. Gains or losses on government guaranteed loans held for sale are recognized upon completion of the sale, based on the difference between the selling price and the carrying value of the related loan sold. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, government guaranteed loans classified as held for sale on the consolidated balance sheets were $44.7 million and $0, respectively.

(e) Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until loan maturity or pay-off are reported at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs, and net of any deferred fees and origination costs. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment of the yield using the payment terms required by the loan contract.

As a result of the Bay Banks Merger and the Company's acquisition of Virginia Community Bankshares, Inc. in 2019, the Company's loan portfolio is segregated between loans initially accounted for under the amortized cost method (referred to as "originated" loans) and loans acquired (referred to as "acquired" loans). The loans segregated to the acquired loan portfolio were initially measured at fair value and subsequently accounted for under either ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality, or ASC 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs.

Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, which were the nonperforming loans acquired in the Company's acquisitions, were acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality and are accounted for under ASC 310-30. These loans are initially recorded at fair value (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no allowance for loan losses. The Company accounts for interest income on all loans acquired at a discount (that is due, in part, to credit quality) based on the acquired loans' expected cash flows. The acquired loans may be aggregated and accounted for as a pool of loans if the loans being aggregated have common risk characteristics. A pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flow. The difference between the cash flows expected at acquisition and the investment in the loans, or the "accretable yield," is recognized as interest income utilizing the level-yield method over the life of each pool. Increases in expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition are recognized prospectively through adjustment to any previously recognized allowance for loan loss for that pool of loans and then through an increase in the yield on the pool over its remaining life, while decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairment through a loss provision and an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Therefore, the allowance for loan losses on these impaired pools reflects only losses incurred after the acquisition (representing the present value of all cash flows that were expected at acquisition but currently are not expected to be received).

The Company periodically evaluates the remaining contractual required payments due and estimates of cash flows expected to be collected for PCI loans. These evaluations, performed no less than semi-annually, require the continued use of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Changes in the contractual required payments due and estimated cash flows expected to be collected may result in changes in the accretable yield and non-accretable difference or reclassifications between accretable yield and the non-accretable difference. On an aggregate basis, if the acquired pools of PCI loans perform better than originally expected, the Company would expect to receive more future cash flows than originally modeled at the acquisition date. For the pools with better than expected cash flows, the forecasted increase would be recorded as an additional accretable yield that is recognized as a prospective increase to the Company's interest income on loans.

Loans are generally placed into nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more as to either principal or interest or when, in the opinion of management, the collection of principal and/or interest is in doubt. A loan remains in nonaccrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest or past due less than 90 days and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. When cash payments are received, they are applied to principal first, then to accrued interest. It is the Company's policy not to record interest income on nonaccrual loans until principal has become current. In certain instances, accruing loans that are past due 90 days or more as to principal or interest may not go on nonaccrual status if the Company determines that the loans are well secured and are in the process of collection. Loans are charged-off in whole or in part when a loan or a portion thereof is considered uncollectible.

Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and other real estate owned (“OREO”).

The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses at a level that represents management's best estimate of known and inherent losses in the loan portfolio. Both the amount of the provision expense and the level of the allowance for loan losses are impacted by many factors, including general and industry-specific economic conditions, actual and expected credit losses, historical trends, and specific conditions of the individual borrowers. As a part of the analysis, the Company uses comparative peer group data and qualitative factors such as levels of and trends in delinquencies, nonaccrual loans, charged-off loans, changes in volume and terms of loans, effects of

changes in lending policy, experience and ability and depth of management, national and local economic trends, and conditions and concentrations of credit, competition, and loan review results to support estimates.

The allowance for loan losses is increased or decreased by provision for loan losses, increased by recoveries of loans previously charged off, and decreased by loans charged off.

The Company also maintains an allowance for loan losses for acquired loans: (i) accounted for under ASC 310-30, when there is deterioration in credit quality subsequent to acquisition, and (ii) accounted for under ASC 310-20, when the inherent losses in the loans exceed the remaining discount recorded at the time of acquisition.

The allowance for loan losses consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are determined to be impaired and, therefore, individually evaluated for impairment. The Company considers a loan to be impaired when 1) the risk grade of the loan is substandard or worse and the balance of the loan exceeds $500,000, or 2) the loan is a troubled debt restructuring ("TDR"), regardless of balance. The Company determines and recognizes impairment of certain loans when, based on current information and events, it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan agreement. A loan is not considered impaired during a period of delay in payment if the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including past-due interest. The Company evaluates the impairment of certain loans on a loan-by-loan basis for those loans that are adversely risk rated. Measurement of impairment is based on the expected future cash flows of an impaired loan, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or measured on an observable market value, if one exists, or the fair value of the collateral underlying the loan, discounted to consider estimated costs to sell the collateral for collateral-dependent loans. If the net value is less than the loan's carrying value (including accrued interest and any unamortized premium or discount associated with the loan) an impairment is recognized and a specific reserve is established for the impaired loan. Loans classified as loss loans are fully reserved or charged-off. The general component of the allowance for loan losses covers those loans not classified as impaired and those loans classified as impaired that are not individually evaluated for impairment. Loans in the general component population are segmented into homogenous groups that share similar characteristics and receive a loss factor that is based on historical loss experience and adjusted for other internal or external influences on credit quality that are not fully reflected in the historical data. Internal and external factors include, but are not limited to, internal underwriting standards, loan portfolio composition and concentrations, and local and national economic conditions.

Loans considered to be TDRs are loans that have their terms restructured (e.g., interest rates, loan maturity date, payment and amortization period, etc.) in circumstances that provide payment relief to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. All restructured loans are considered impaired loans and may either be in accruing status or nonaccruing status. Nonaccruing restructured loans may return to accruing status provided doubt has been removed concerning the collectability of principal and interest as evidenced by a sufficient period of payment performance in accordance with the restructured terms. Loans may be removed from the restructured category in the year subsequent to the restructuring, if their revised loan terms are considered to be consistent with terms that can be obtained in the credit market for loans with comparable risk and if they meet certain performance criteria.

(f) Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment, other than land, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. Estimated useful lives ranges from 39 to 40 years for buildings and from 3 to 15 years for furniture, fixtures, and equipment.

Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the lease term. Purchased computer software, which is capitalized, is amortized over estimated useful lives of one to three years.

(g) Leases

In accordance with the requirements of ASC 842, Leases, the Company evaluates new real estate and equipment leases to determine whether the contractual arrangements constitute a lease, or contain an embedded lease, which would be in scope under ASC 842 and whether such leases would meet the requirements of an operating or financing lease under the standard.

For operating leases, right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use leased assets over the term of the lease. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term

and are measured as the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets are measured as the amount of the lease liability adjusted for certain items such as prepaid lease payments, unamortized lease incentives, and unamortized direct costs. ROU assets are amortized on a straight-line basis less the periodic interest expense adjustment of the lease liability and the amortization is included in occupancy expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The discount rate used for the present value calculations for lease liabilities was the rate implicit in the lease if determinable, and when the rate was not determinable, the Company used its incremental, collateralized borrowing rate with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta ("FHLB") for the period that most closely coincided with the respective lease term as of the commencement date of the lease.

Most of the Company’s leases include renewal options, with renewal terms extending the lease obligation up to as much as eight years. Lease terms may include renewal or extension options to the extent they are reasonably certain to be exercised as assessed at lease commencement. As of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any leases that met the standard definition of a finance lease nor did it engage in any sale-leaseback transactions or have any material sublease income. In accordance with the ASC, the Company elects not to recognize an ROU asset and lease obligation for contracts with an initial term of twelve months or less. The expense associated with these short-term leases is included in noninterest expense in the consolidated statements of operations. To the extent that a lease arrangement includes both lease and non-lease components, the Company has elected not to account for these separately.

Rent expense on operating leases is recorded using the straight-line method over the appropriate lease term.

(h) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill, which represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, is not amortized but is evaluated at least annually for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying amount. Impairment is indicated when the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value.

Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company performs the impairment test annually during the fourth quarter. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the Company’s balance sheet.

Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment if events and circumstances exist that might indicate impairment may have occurred. The majority of the Company's intangible assets with definite useful lives is a core deposit intangible asset acquired as part of the Bay Banks Merger.

No impairment was recorded for goodwill and other intangible assets in 2022 and 2021.

(i) Mortgage Servicing Rights (“MSR”) Assets

MSR assets represent the economic value associated with servicing a mortgage loan during the life of the loan. The Company retains servicing rights on mortgages originated and sold to the secondary market. The assets are separate from the underlying mortgage and may be retained or sold by the Company when the related mortgage is sold. Under ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, MSR assets are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently accounted for using either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method. Beginning January 1, 2022, the Company elected the fair value measurement method for accounting for MSR assets; prior to this, MSR assets were recorded under the amortization method. This change in accounting method, which was an irrevocable election, was prospective in nature and resulted in an after-tax difference in carrying values of its MSR assets under the two methods at the beginning of 2022. Consequently, a positive $3.5 million cumulative effect adjustment was recorded to stockholders’ equity as of January 1, 2022. MSR assets and servicing income are reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of income, respectively.

(j) Other Real Estate Owned

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and reported as OREO. At the time of acquisition these properties are recorded at estimated fair value less estimated selling costs, with any write down charged to the allowance for loan losses and any gain on foreclosure recorded in the allowance up to the amount previously charged off, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations of the assets are

periodically performed by management, and these assets are subsequently accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Adjustments are made for subsequent declines in the fair value of the assets, less selling costs. Revenue and expenses from operations and valuation changes are charged to operating income in the period of the transaction.

(k) Cash Surrender Value of Life Insurance

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key employees. The cash surrender value of life insurance is recorded at the gross amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance date, which is the cash surrender value. The increase in the cash surrender value over time is recorded as other noninterest income. The Company monitors the financial strength and condition of the counterparty.

(l) Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the balance sheet method in accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. Per ASC 740, the objective is to recognize (a) the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year, and (b) defer tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or federal income tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book (i.e., financial statement) and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and give current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws. Temporary differences are reversed in the period in which an amount or amounts become taxable or deductible.

When the Company’s federal tax returns are filed, it is highly certain that some positions taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities, while others are subject to uncertainty about the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would ultimately be sustained. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest and penalties, if any, associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as additional income taxes in the consolidated statements of income.

(m) Earnings Per Share

Accounting guidance specifies the computation, presentation, and disclosure requirements for earnings per share (“EPS”) for entities with publicly held common stock or potential common stock such as options, warrants, convertible securities, or contingent stock agreements if those securities trade in a public market. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is similar to the computation of basic EPS except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive common shares had been issued.

(n) Derivatives

Derivatives are recognized as assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value. The Company’s derivatives consist of forward sales of to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities and interest rate lock commitments. The Company’s hedging policies permit the use of various derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk or to hedge specified assets and liabilities. All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company may be required to recognize certain contracts and commitments as derivatives when the characteristics of those contracts and commitments meet the definition of a derivative. If derivative instruments are designated as hedges of fair values, both the change in the fair value of the hedge and the hedged item are included in current earnings.

During the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments to originate mortgage loans, whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (“rate lock commitments”). For commitments issued in connection with potential loans intended for sale, the Bank enters into positions of forward month mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) to be announced (“TBA”) contracts on a mandatory basis or on a one-to-one forward sales contract on a best efforts basis. The Company enters into TBA contracts in order to control interest

rate risk during the period between the rate lock commitment and mandatory sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the TBA contract are considered derivatives. A mortgage loan sold on a best efforts basis is locked into a forward sales contract with a counterparty on the same day as the rate lock commitment to control interest rate risk during the period between the commitment and the sale of the mortgage loan. Both the rate lock commitment and the forward sales contract are considered derivatives.

The market values of rate lock commitments and best efforts forward delivery commitments is not readily ascertainable with precision because rate lock commitments and best efforts contracts are not actively traded in stand-alone markets. The Company determines the fair value of rate lock commitments, delivery contracts, and forward sales contracts of MBS by measuring the change in the value of the underlying asset, while taking into consideration the probability that the rate lock commitments will close or will be funded. Certain risks arise from the forward delivery contracts in that the counterparties to the contracts may not be able to meet the terms of the contracts. Additional risks inherent in mandatory delivery programs include the risk that, if the Company does not close the loans subject to rate lock commitments, it will still be obligated to deliver MBS to the counterparty under the forward sales agreement.

The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to accommodate the needs of its banking customers. The Company mitigates the interest rate risk entering into these swap agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with a highly-rated third-party financial institutions. These back-to-back swap agreements are a free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The Company entered into various interest rate swaps in 2020 and 2019 that qualified as cash flow hedges as defined by ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The hedging objective was to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed rate advances from the designation date and going through the maturity date. The Company terminated these cash flow hedges during the fourth quarter of 2021 and recorded a gain on the termination.

(o) Business Segments

The Company has three reportable business segments consisting of commercial banking, mortgage banking, and holding company activities. The commercial banking business segment makes loans to and generates deposits from individuals and businesses, while offering a wide array of general financial services to its customers. It is distinct from the Company's mortgage banking division, which concentrates on individual, wholesale, and participated mortgage lending, and sales activities. Activities at the holding company or parent level are primarily associated with investments, borrowings, and certain noninterest expenses.

(p) Recent Accounting Pronouncements (Issued But Not Adopted)

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 – Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11 – Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02"). Together, these ASUs create a new standard that significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The new standard will apply to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which include, but are not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments and financial guarantees. ASU 2016-13 simplifies the accounting for PCI debt securities and loans and expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination (or vintage year). ASU 2022-02 eliminates existing TDR guidance for organizations that have adopted (or will adopt) ASU 2016-13 while also requiring additional disclosures for loan modifications and gross charge-offs by year of origination. For public business entities that meet the definition of an emerging growth company, such as the Company, implementation of the new CECL standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period as long as the Company has adopted to the amendments in ASU 2016-13. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-13 provides for a

modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is effective.

The Company expects to finalize the adoption of ASU 2016-13 during the first quarter of 2023 effective as of January 1, 2023. The Company to date has selected the software vendor for implementation, sourced and tested required data from the Company’s loan systems, tested data feeds to the model, determined appropriate segmentations of its portfolio, selected a preliminary forecast period for reasonable and supportable forecasts, and has performed parallel runs of the model as of the second, third, and fourth quarters of 2022. Additionally, the Company contracted for and received results from an independent third party, which validated the CECL model and process. The Company is currently finalizing its assessment of current and forecasted macroeconomic factors and assumptions and is testing and finalizing internal controls.

The increase to the allowance for loan losses and the liability for unfunded commitments will have no impact on the consolidated statement of operations upon the adoption of CECL. Instead, the increase in the allowance for loan losses will result in a corresponding increase in the carrying value of loans held for investment for those loans deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) or a decrease to retained earnings through an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment for those loans deemed to be non-PCD. The increase in the liability for unfunded commitments, which is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, will result in a corresponding decrease to retained earnings through an after-tax cumulative effect adjustment. The Company currently estimates its allowance for loan losses as of January 1, 2023 will increase by a range of $8.5 million to $9.5 million while retained earnings will decrease by a range of $6.1 million to $6.8 million. In addition, the Company expects to recognize an increase to the liability for unfunded commitments by a range of $3.5 million to $4.5 million while retained earnings will decrease by a range of $2.7 million to $3.5 million.