20-F 1 d368256d20f.htm 20-F 20-F
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 20-F

 

 

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

OR

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

OR

 

SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission file number: 1-10110

 

 

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

BANK BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

 

Kingdom of Spain

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Calle Azul, 4

28050 Madrid

Spain

(Address of principal executive offices)

Ricardo Gómez Barredo

Calle Azul, 4

28050 Madrid

Spain

Telephone number +34 91 537 7000

Fax number +34 91 537 6766

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and /or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.

 

Title of Each Class

 

Name of Each Exchange on which Registered

American Depositary Shares, each representing

the right to receive one ordinary share,

par value €0.49 per share

  New York Stock Exchange
Ordinary shares, par value €0.49 per share   New York Stock Exchange*

Guarantee of Non-Cumulative Guaranteed

Preferred Securities, Series C, liquidation preference $1,000 each, of BBVA International Preferred, S.A. Unipersonal

  New York Stock Exchange**
3.000% Fixed Rate Senior Notes due 2020   New York Stock Exchange

 

* The ordinary shares are not listed for trading, but are listed only in connection with the registration of the American Depositary Shares, pursuant to requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.
** The guarantee is not listed for trading, but is listed only in connection with the registration of the corresponding Non-Cumulative Guaranteed Preferred Securities of BBVA International Preferred, S.A. Unipersonal (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.).

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

None

The number of outstanding shares of each class of stock of the Registrant as of December 31, 2016, was:

Ordinary shares, par value €0.49 per share—6,566,615,242

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes  ☒    No  ☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes  ☐    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

 

Large accelerated filer  ☒    Accelerated filer  ☐   Non-accelerated filer  ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

 

U.S. GAAP  ☐  

International Financial Reporting Standards as Issued

by the International Accounting Standards Board  ☒

   Other  ☐

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17  ☐    Item 18  ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

 

 


Table of Contents

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          PAGE  

PART I

     

ITEM 1.

  

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

     7  

A.

  

Directors and Senior Management

     7  

B.

  

Advisers

     7  

C.

  

Auditors

     7  

ITEM 2.

  

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

     7  

ITEM 3.

  

KEY INFORMATION

     8  

A.

  

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

     8  

B.

  

Capitalization and Indebtedness

     11  

C.

  

Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

     11  

D.

  

Risk Factors

     11  

ITEM 4.

  

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

     33  

A.

  

History and Development of the Company

     33  

B.

  

Business Overview

     36  

C.

  

Organizational Structure

     65  

D.

  

Property, Plants and Equipment

     65  

E.

  

Selected Statistical Information

     66  

F.

  

Competition

     87  

G.

  

Cybersecurity and Fraud Management

     90  

ITEM 4A.

  

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

     90  

ITEM 5.

  

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

     90  

A.

  

Operating Results

     96  

B.

  

Liquidity and Capital Resources

     146  

C.

  

Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

     151  

D.

  

Trend Information

     151  

E.

  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

     154  

F.

  

Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

     155  

ITEM 6.

  

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

     155  

A.

  

Directors and Senior Management

     155  

B.

  

Compensation

     163  

C.

  

Board Practices

     172  

D.

  

Employees

     180  

E.

  

Share Ownership

     183  

ITEM 7.

  

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     184  

A.

  

Major Shareholders

     184  

B.

  

Related Party Transactions

     184  

C.

  

Interests of Experts and Counsel

     186  

ITEM 8.

  

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

     186  

A.

  

Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

     186  

B.

  

Significant Changes

     188  

ITEM 9.

  

THE OFFER AND LISTING

     188  

A.

  

Offer and Listing Details

     188  

B.

  

Plan of Distribution

     195  

C.

  

Markets

     195  

D.

  

Selling Shareholders

     196  

E.

  

Dilution

     196  

F.

  

Expenses of the Issue

     196  

ITEM 10.

  

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     196  

A.

  

Share Capital

     196  

 


Table of Contents
          PAGE  

B.

  

Memorandum and Articles of Association

     196  

C.

  

Material Contracts

     199  

D.

  

Exchange Controls

     199  

E.

  

Taxation

     200  

F.

  

Dividends and Paying Agents

     206  

G.

  

Statement by Experts

     206  

H.

  

Documents on Display

     207  

I.

  

Subsidiary Information

     207  

ITEM 11.

  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

     208  

ITEM 12.

  

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

     216  

A.

  

Debt Securities

     216  

B.

  

Warrants and Rights

     216  

C.

  

Other Securities

     216  

D.

  

American Depositary Shares

     216  

PART II

     

ITEM 13.

  

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

     218  

ITEM 14.

  

MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

     218  

ITEM 15.

  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

     218  

ITEM 16.

  

[RESERVED]

     220  

ITEM 16A.

  

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

     220  

ITEM 16B.

  

CODE OF ETHICS

     220  

ITEM 16C.

  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

     221  

ITEM 16D.

  

EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

     222  

ITEM 16E.

  

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

     222  

ITEM 16F.

  

CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

     222  

ITEM 16G.

  

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

     223  

ITEM 16H.

  

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

     225  

PART III

     

ITEM 17.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     225  

ITEM 18.

  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     225  

ITEM 19.

  

EXHIBITS

     225  

 

 

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CERTAIN TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

The terms below are used as follows throughout this report:

 

    BBVA”, the “Bank”, the “Company”, the “Group” or the “BBVA Group” means Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires.

 

    BBVA Bancomer” means Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires.

 

    BBVA Compass” means BBVA Compass Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires.

 

    Consolidated Financial Statements” means our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the European Union (“EU-IFRS”) required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004 and in compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS-IASB”).

 

    Latin America” refers to Mexico and the countries in which we operate in South America and Central America.

First person personal pronouns used in this report, such as “we”, “us”, or “our”, mean BBVA, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires.

In this report, “$”, “U.S. dollars”, and “dollars” refer to United States Dollars and “€” and “euro” refer to Euro.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may include words such as “believe”, “expect”, “estimate”, “project”, “anticipate”, “should”, “intend”, “probability”, “risk”, “VaR”, “target”, “goal”, “objective” and similar expressions or variations on such expressions and includes statements regarding future growth rates. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. The accompanying information in this Annual Report, including, without limitation, the information under the items listed below, identifies important factors that could cause such differences:

 

    “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors”;

 

    “Item 4. Information on the Company”;

 

    “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”; and

 

    “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.

Other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include, among others:

 

    general political, economic and business conditions in Spain, the European Union (“EU”), Latin America, Turkey, the United States and other regions, countries or territories in which we operate;

 

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    changes in applicable laws and regulations, including increased capital and provision requirements and taxation, and steps taken towards achieving an EU fiscal and banking union;

 

    the monetary, interest rate and other policies of central banks in the EU, Spain, the United States, Mexico, Turkey and elsewhere;

 

    changes or volatility in interest rates, foreign exchange rates (including the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate), asset prices, equity markets, commodity prices, inflation or deflation;

 

    ongoing market adjustments in the real estate sectors in Spain, Mexico and the United States;

 

    the effects of competition in the markets in which we operate, which may be influenced by regulation or deregulation;

 

    changes in consumer spending and savings habits, including changes in government policies which may influence spending, saving and investment decisions;

 

    adverse developments in emerging countries, in particular Latin America and Turkey, including unfavorable political and economic developments, social instability and changes in governmental policies, including expropriation, nationalization, international ownership legislation, interest rate caps and tax policies;

 

    our ability to hedge certain risks economically;

 

    downgrades in our credit ratings or in the Kingdom of Spain’s credit ratings;

 

    the success of our acquisitions, divestitures, mergers and strategic alliances;

 

    our ability to make payments on certain substantial unfunded amounts relating to commitments with personnel;

 

    the performance of our international operations and our ability to manage such operations;

 

    weaknesses or failures in our Group’s internal processes, systems (including information technology systems) and security;

 

    our success in managing the risks involved in the foregoing, which depends, among other things, on our ability to anticipate events that are not captured by the statistical models we use; and

 

    force majeure and other events beyond our control.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements which may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, including, without limitation, changes in our business or acquisition strategy or planned capital expenditures, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Accounting Principles

Under Regulation (EC) no. 1606/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of July 19, 2002, all companies governed by the law of an EU Member State and whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market of any Member State must prepare their consolidated financial statements for the years beginning on or after January 1, 2005 in conformity with EU-IFRS. The Bank of Spain issued Circular 4/2004 of December 22, 2004 on Public and Confidential Financial Reporting Rules and Formats (as amended or supplemented from time to time, “Circular 4/2004”), which requires Spanish credit institutions to adapt their accounting system to the principles derived from the adoption by the European Union of EU-IFRS.

Differences between EU-IFRS required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004 and IFRS-IASB are not material for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Accordingly, the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with EU-IFRS required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004 and in compliance with IFRS-IASB.

The financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 may differ from previously reported financial information as of such dates and for such periods in our respective annual reports on Form 20-F for certain prior years, as a result mainly of the retrospective revisions referred to below (see “—Retrospective Revisions”). In addition, the financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2012 may differ from previously reported financial information as of such date and for such period in our annual report on Form 20-F for such year, as a result of the implementation of changes in the accounting standards set out in IFRS 10 and 11 that came into force in 2013.

Retrospective Revisions

New presentation models required by Circular 5/2015 of the CNMV

Our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 have been prepared in accordance with the presentation models required by Circular 5/2015 of the National Securities Market Commission or “CNMV” (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores). This Circular seeks to adapt the content of the financial information published by credit institutions and the format in which financial statements are presented to the mandatory regulation adopted by the European Union for credit institutions.

The information relating to the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 has been restated in accordance with the new presentation models referred to above. The presentation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with these new models has had no significant impact on the financial statements included in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Reclassifications of certain operating expenses

In the fourth quarter of 2015, we reclassified several operating expenses related to technology from our Corporate Center to our Banking Activity in Spain segment. This reclassification was the result of the reassignment of technology-related management resources and responsibilities from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment during 2015.

In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect the reclassification of these expenses. This reclassification of expenses did not affect the Group’s consolidated income statements.

Changes in operating segments

On July 27, 2015, we acquired 62,538,000,000 shares (in the aggregate) of the Turkish bank Türkiye Garanti Bankası A.Ş. (“Garanti”) from Doğuş Holding A.Ş., Ferit Faik Şahenk, Dianne Şahenk and Defne Şahenk, under certain agreements entered into on November 19, 2014. Following this acquisition, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s

 

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share capital and started to fully consolidate Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements as we determined we were able to control such entity in accordance with our shareholders’ agreement with the Doğuş group. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Material Contracts—Shareholders’ Agreement in Connection with Garanti.” On March 22, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital expenditures—2017.”

The acquisition completed in 2015 resulted in certain changes in our operating segments. In particular, since January 1, 2015, our former Eurasia segment has been recast into the following two segments: Turkey, which consists of our stake in Garanti (25.01% until July 27, 2015, 39.90% from July 27, 2015 to March 22, 2017 and 49.85% since March 22, 2017), and Rest of Eurasia, which includes the retail and wholesale businesses carried out in Europe and Asia, other than in Spain and Turkey.

In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect our current reporting structure. This revision did not affect the Group’s consolidated income statements.

There have been no significant changes to our operating segments during 2016 (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

Business combinations

Certain financial information for the year ended December 31, 2015 has been restated, with no significant impact, as a result of the end in 2016 of the purchase accounting period relating to the stake in Garanti acquired in 2015, as required by IFRS 3 “Business Combinations” (see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements ).

Statistical and Financial Information

The following principles should be noted in reviewing the statistical and financial information contained herein:

 

    Average balances, when used, are based on the beginning and the month-end balances during each year. We do not believe that such monthly averages present trends that are materially different from those that would be presented by daily averages.

 

    Unless otherwise stated, any reference to loans refers to both loans and advances.

 

    Financial information with respect to segments or subsidiaries may not reflect consolidation adjustments.

 

    Certain numerical information in this Annual Report may not compute due to rounding. In addition, information regarding period-to-period changes is based on numbers which have not been rounded.

Venezuela

The local financial statements of the Group subsidiaries in Venezuela are expressed in Venezuelan bolivar and they are converted into euros for purposes of preparing the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Venezuela has strict foreign exchange restrictions and different exchange rates in place.

In past years, we have used different exchange rates to prepare the Group’s consolidated financial statements:

 

    Until January 1, 2014, we used the CADIVI exchange rate (named after the acronym, in Spanish, of the Foreign Exchange Administration Commission, currently the National Center for Foreign Trade or CENCOEX). As of December 31, 2013 the exchange rate was 8.68 Venezuelan bolivars per euro.

 

   

In 2014 the Venezuelan government approved a new exchange rate system referred to as the “foreign-currency system”, in which the exchange rate against the U.S. dollar was determined in an auction which was open to both individuals and companies, resulting in an exchange rate that fluctuated from auction to auction

 

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and was published on the website of the Complementary Currency Administration System (SICAD I). Subsequently, in July 2014, the Venezuelan government established a new type of auction called SICAD II only applicable to certain types of transactions and not applicable to credit institutions. As of December 31, 2014 the applicable exchange rate (SICAD I) was 14.71 Venezuelan bolivars per euro. For purposes of preparing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 we used the SICAD I exchange rate.

 

    On February 10, 2015, the Venezuelan government announced the cancellation of SICAD II and its combination with SICAD I in order to create a new SICAD and the creation of a new foreign-currency system called SIMADI. The Group used the SIMADI exchange rate starting in March 2015 for purpose of the Group’s interim financial statements. The SIMADI exchange rate increased rapidly to approximately 218 Venezuelan bolivars per euro and stabilized during the second half of 2015 to 216.3 Venezuelan bolivars per euro as of December 31, 2015. However, as explained below, we have not used this exchange rate to prepare the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

    In February 2016, the Venezuelan government approved a new exchange rate agreement which sets two new mechanisms (DICOM and SICOM) that regulate the purchase and sale of foreign currency and the suspension of the SIMADI exchange rate.

 

    The Bank’s Board of Directors determined that the use of the new DICOM and SICOM exchange rates and, previously, the SIMADI exchange rate, for converting bolivars into euros in preparing the consolidated financial statements, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, would not provide an accurate picture of the consolidated financial statements of the Group or the financial position of the Group subsidiaries in Venezuela.

 

    Consequently, as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Group has used alternative conversion exchange rates in the conversion of the financial statements of the Group’s subsidiaries in Venezuela of 469 and 1,893 Venezuelan bolivars per euro, respectively. These exchanges rates have been calculated by BBVA Research taking into account the estimated evolution of inflation in Venezuela in 2015 and 2016 (170% and 300%, respectively) (see Note 2.2.20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

PART I

 

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

A. Director and Senior Management

Not Applicable.

B. Advisers

Not Applicable.

C. Auditors

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not Applicable.

 

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ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. Selected Consolidated Financial Data

The historical financial information set forth below for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 has been selected from, and should be read together with, the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. The audited consolidated financial statements for 2013 and 2012 are not included in this document, and they instead are derived from the respective annual reports on Form 20-F for certain prior years previously filed by us with retrospective adjustments made for the application of certain changes in accounting principles.

For information concerning the preparation and presentation of the financial information contained herein, see “Presentation of Financial Information”.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013 (1)     2012 (1)  
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Per Share/ADS Data (In Euros))  

Consolidated Statement of Income Data

          

Interest and similar income

     27,708       24,783       22,838       23,512       24,815  

Interest and similar expenses

     (10,648     (8,761     (8,456     (9,612     (10,341

Net interest income

     17,059       16,022       14,382       13,900       14,474  

Dividend income

     467       415       531       235       390  

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

     25       174       343       694       1,039  

Fee and commission income

     6,804       6,340       5,530       5,478       5,290  

Fee and commission expenses

     (2,086     (1,729     (1,356     (1,228     (1,134

Net gains(losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     1,661       865       1,435       1,608       1,636  

Exchange differences (net)

     472       1,165       699       903       69  

Other operating income

     1,272       1,315       959       1,234       1,108  

Other operating expenses

     (2,128     (2,285     (2,705     (3,002     (2,045

Income on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     3,652       3,678       3,622       3,761       3,657  

Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     (2,545     (2,599     (2,714     (2,831     (2,660

Gross income

     24,653       23,362       20,725       20,752       21,824  

Administration costs

     (11,366     (10,836     (9,414     (9,701     (9,396

Depreciation

     (1,426     (1,272     (1,145     (1,095     (978

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (1,186     (731     (1,142     (609     (641

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (3,801     (4,272     (4,340     (5,612     (7,859

Net operating income

     6,874       6,251       4,684       3,735       2,950  

Impairment losses on other assets (net)

     (521     (273     (297     (467     (1,123

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net

     70       (2,135     46       (1,915     3  

Negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss

     —         26       —         —         376  

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

     (31     734       (453     (399     (624

Operating profit before tax

     6,392       4,603       3,980       954       1,582  

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (1,699     (1,274     (898     16       352  

Profit from continuing operations

     4,693       3,328       3,082       970       1,934  

Profit from discontinued operations (net) (2)

     —         —         —         1,866       393  

Profit

     4,693       3,328       3,082       2,836       2,327  

Profit attributable to parent company

     3,475       2,642       2,618       2,084       1,676  

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     1,218       686       464       753       651  

Per share/ADS(3) Data

          

Profit from continuing operations

     0.71       0.52       0.50       0.17       0.35  

Diluted profit attributable to parent company (4)

     0.50       0.37       0.40       0.33       0.30  

Basic profit attributable to parent company

     0.50       0.37       0.40       0.33       0.30  

Dividends declared (In Euros)

     0.160       0.160       0.080       0.100       0.200  

Dividends declared (In U.S. dollars)

     0.169       0.174       0.097       0.138       0.264  

Number of shares outstanding (at period end)

     6,566,615,242       6,366,680,118       6,171,338,995       5,785,954,443       5,448,849,545  

 

(1) Restated for comparative purposes as a result of the application at December 31, 2014 of IFRIC 21 (Levies).

 

 

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(2) For 2013 and 2012, includes the capital gains from the sale of Afore Bancomer in Mexico and the South America pension fund administrators, as well as the earnings recorded by these companies up to the date of these sales.
(3)  Each American Depositary Share (“ADS”) represents the right to receive one ordinary share.
(4)  Calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of BBVA’s ordinary shares outstanding during the relevant period including the average number of estimated shares to be converted and, for comparative purposes, a correction factor to account for the capital increases carried out in April 2012, October 2012, April 2013, October 2013, April 2014, October 2014, December 2014, April 2015, October 2015, December 2015, April 2016 and October 2016, excluding the weighted average number of treasury shares during the period (6,468 million, 6,290 million, 5,905 million, 5,597 million and 5,829 million shares in 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively). With respect to the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

     As of and for Year Ended December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013 (1)     2012 (1)  
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

          

Total assets

     731,856       749,855       631,942       582,697       621,132  

Net assets

     55,428       55,282       51,609       44,565       43,802  

Common stock

     3,218       3,120       3,024       2,835       2,670  

Loans and receivables (net)

     465,977       471,828       376,086       350,945       371,347  

Customer deposits

     401,465       403,362       319,334       300,490       282,795  

Debt certificates and subordinated liabilities

     76,375       81,980       71,917       74,676       98,070  

Non-controlling interest

     8,064       7,992       2,511       2,371       2,372  

Total equity

     55,428       55,282       51,609       44,565       43, 802  

Consolidated ratios

          

Profitability ratios:

          

Net interest margin(2)

     2.32     2.27     2.40     2.32     2.38

Return on average total assets(3)

     0.6     0.5     0.5     0.5     0.4

Return on average total stockholders’ funds (4)

     6.7     5.3     5.6     5.0     4.1

Credit quality data

          

Loan loss reserve (5)

     16,016       18,742       14,273       14,990       14,144  

Loan loss reserve as a percentage of total loans and receivables (net)

     3.44     3.97     3.83     4.27     3.81

Non-performing asset ratio (NPA ratio) (6)

     4.90     5.39     5.98     6.95     5.06

Impaired loans and advances to customers

     22,915       25,333       22,703       25,445       19,960  

Impaired contingent liabilities to customers (7)

     680       664       413       410       312  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     23,595       25,997       23,116       25,855       20,272  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loans and advances to customers

     430,629       432,921       353,029       338,664       356,521  

Contingent liabilities to customers

     50,540       49,876       33,741       33,543       36,891  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
     481,169       482,797       386,770       372,207       393,412  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Information has been restated for comparative purposes as a result of the application at December 31, 2014 of IFRIC 21 (Levies).
(2) Represents net interest income as a percentage of average total assets.
(3)  Represents profit as a percentage of average total assets.

 

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(4)  Represents profit attributable to parent company for the year as a percentage of average stockholders’ funds for the year, excluding “Non-controlling interest”.
(5)  Represents impairment losses on loans and receivables to credit institutions, loans and advances to customers and debt securities. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(6)  Represents the sum of impaired loans and advances to customers and impaired contingent liabilities to customers divided by the sum of loans and advances to customers and contingent liabilities to customers.
(7)  We include contingent liabilities in the calculation of our non-performing asset ratio (NPA ratio). We believe that impaired contingent liabilities should be included in the calculation of our NPA ratio where we have reason to know, as of the reporting date, that they are impaired. The credit risk associated with contingent liabilities (consisting mainly of financial guarantees provided to third-parties on behalf of our customers) is evaluated and provisioned according to the probability of default of our customers’ obligations. If impaired contingent liabilities were not included in the calculation of our NPA ratio, such ratio would generally be higher for the periods covered, amounting to approximately 5.3%,5.9%, 6.4%, 7.5% and 5.6% as of December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Exchange Rates

Spain’s currency is the euro. Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts that have been converted to euro in this Annual Report have been done so at the corresponding exchange rate published by the European Central Bank (“ECB”) on December 31 of the relevant period.

For convenience in the analysis of the information, the following tables describe, for the periods and dates indicated, information concerning the noon buying rate for euro, expressed in dollars per €1.00. The term “noon buying rate” refers to the rate of exchange for euros, expressed in U.S. dollars per euro, in the City of New York for cable transfers payable in foreign currencies as certified by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for customs purposes.

 

Year ended December 31,

   Average(1)  

2012

     1.2908  

2013

     1.3303  

2014

     1.3210  

2015

     1.1032  

2016

     1.1029  

2017 (through March 24, 2017)

     1.0650  

 

(1)  Calculated by using the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the period.

 

Month ended

   High      Low  

September 30, 2016

     1.1271        1.1158  

October 31, 2016

     1.1212        1.0866  

November 30, 2016

     1.1121        1.0560  

December 31, 2016

     1.0758        1.0375  

January 31, 2017

     1.0794        1.0416  

February 28, 2017

     1.0802        1.0551  

March 31, 2017 (through March 24, 2017)

     1.0810        1.0514  

The noon buying rate for euro from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in dollars per €1.00, on March 24, 2017, was $1.0806.

As of December 31, 2016, approximately 47% of our assets and approximately 46% of our liabilities were denominated in currencies other than euro. See Note 2.2.16 to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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For a discussion of our foreign currency exposure, please see Note 7.4.2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements (“Market Risk—Structural Exchange Rate Risk”) and “Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”.

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Macroeconomic Risks

Economic conditions in the countries where the Group operates could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations

Despite the recent growth of the global economy, uncertainty remains. The deterioration of economic conditions in the countries where the Group operates could adversely affect the cost and availability of funding for the Group, the quality of the Group’s loan and investment securities portfolios and levels of deposits and profitability, which may also require the Group to take impairments on its exposures to the sovereign debt of one or more countries or otherwise adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the process the Group uses to estimate losses inherent in its credit exposure requires complex judgments, including forecasts of economic conditions and how these economic conditions might impair the ability of its borrowers to repay their loans. The degree of uncertainty concerning economic conditions may adversely affect the accuracy of the Group’s estimates, which may, in turn, affect the reliability of the process and the sufficiency of the Group’s loan loss provisions.

The Group faces, among others, the following economic risks:

 

    weak economic growth or recession in the countries where it operates;

 

    changes in the institutional environment in the countries where it operates could evolve into sudden and intense economic and/or regulatory downturns;

 

    deflation, mainly in Europe, or significant inflation, such as the significant inflation recently experienced by Venezuela and Argentina;

 

    changes in foreign exchange rates, such as the recent local currency devaluations in Venezuela and Argentina, as they result in changes in the reported earnings of the Group’s subsidiaries outside the Eurozone, and their assets, including their risk-weighted assets, and liabilities;

 

    a lower interest rate environment, even a prolonged period of negative interest rates in some areas where the Bank operates, which could lead to decreased lending margins and lower returns on assets;

 

    a higher interest rate environment, including as a result of an increase in interest rates by the Federal Reserve or any further tightening of monetary policies, including to address inflationary pressures and currency devaluations in Latin America, which could endanger a still tepid and fragile economic recovery and make it more difficult for customers of the Group’s mortgage and consumer loan products to service their debts;

 

    adverse developments in the real estate market, especially in Spain, Mexico, the United States and Turkey, given the Group’s exposures to such markets;

 

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    poor employment growth and structural challenges restricting employment growth, such as in Spain, where unemployment has remained relatively high, which may negatively affect the household income levels of the Group’s retail customers and may adversely affect the recoverability of the Group’s retail loans, resulting in increased loan loss provisions;

 

    lower oil prices, which could particularly affect producing areas, such as Venezuela, Mexico, Texas or Colombia, to which the Group is materially exposed;

 

    changes in laws, regulations and policies as a result of election processes in the different geographies in which the Group operates, including Spain, the Spanish region of Catalonia and the United States, which may negatively affect the Group’s business or customers in those geographies and other geographies in which the Group operates;

 

    the potential exit by an EU Member State from the European Monetary Union (“EMU”), which could materially adversely affect the European and global economy, cause a redenomination of financial instruments or other contractual obligations from the euro to a different currency and substantially disrupt capital, interbank, banking and other markets, among other effects;

 

    the possible political, economic and regulatory impacts in the United Kingdom and the European Union (“EU”) derived from the outcome of the referendum held in the United Kingdom on June 23, 2016, which resulted in a vote in favor of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. The possible impact of the United Kingdom exiting the EU could include, among other things, political instability in the United Kingdom, the EU as a whole, or countries forming part of the EU; regulatory changes in the United Kingdom and/or in the EU; economic slowdown in the United Kingdom, in the EU and/or outside the EU; deterioration of the creditworthiness of borrowers based in or related to the United Kingdom; and volatility in financial markets which could limit or condition BBVA’s or any other issuer’s access to capital markets, all of which may arise regardless of the uncertainty as to the timing and duration of the exit process; and

 

    an eventual government default on public debt, which could affect the Group primarily in two ways: directly, through portfolio losses, and indirectly, through instabilities that a default in public debt could cause to the banking system as a whole, particularly since commercial banks’ exposure to government debt is generally high in several countries in which the Group operates.

For additional information relating to certain economic risks that the Group faces in Spain, see “ Since the Group’s loan portfolio is highly concentrated in Spain, adverse changes affecting the Spanish economy could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition.” For additional information relating to certain economic risks that the Group faces in emerging market economies such as Latin America and Turkey, see “ The Group may be materially adversely affected by developments in the emerging markets where it operates.”

Any of the above risks could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Since the Group’s loan portfolio is highly concentrated in Spain, adverse changes affecting the Spanish economy could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition

The Group has historically developed its lending business in Spain, which continues to be one of the main focuses of its business. The Group’s loan portfolio in Spain has been adversely affected by the deterioration of the Spanish economy since 2009. After rapid economic growth until 2007, Spanish gross domestic product (“GDP”) contracted in the period 2009-10 and 2012-13. The effects of the financial crisis were particularly pronounced in Spain given its heightened need for foreign financing as reflected by its high current account deficit, resulting from the gap between domestic investment and savings, and its public deficit. The current account imbalance has been corrected and the public deficit is in a downward trend, with GDP growth above 3% in 2015 and 2016 and unemployment falling below 20% in 2016. However, real or perceived difficulties in servicing public or private debt, triggered by foreign or domestic factors such as an increase in global financial risk or a decrease in the rate of domestic growth, could increase Spain’s financing costs, hindering economic growth, employment and households’ gross disposable income.

 

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The Spanish economy is particularly sensitive to economic conditions in the Eurozone, the main market for Spanish goods and services exports. Accordingly, an interruption in the recovery in the Eurozone might have an adverse effect on Spanish economic growth. Given the relevance of the Group’s loan portfolio in Spain, any adverse changes affecting the Spanish economy could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any decline in the Kingdom of Spain’s sovereign credit ratings could adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations

Since the Bank is a Spanish company with substantial operations in Spain, its credit ratings may be adversely affected by the assessment by rating agencies of the creditworthiness of the Kingdom of Spain. As a result, any decline in the Kingdom of Spain’s sovereign credit ratings could result in a decline in the Bank’s credit ratings. In addition, the Group holds a substantial amount of securities issued by the Kingdom of Spain, autonomous communities within Spain and other Spanish issuers. Any decline in the Kingdom of Spain’s credit ratings could adversely affect the value of the Kingdom of Spain’s and other public or private Spanish issuers’ respective securities held by the Group in its various portfolios or otherwise materially adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the counterparties to many of the Group’s loan agreements could be similarly affected by any decline in the Kingdom of Spain’s credit ratings, which could limit their ability to raise additional capital or otherwise adversely affect their ability to repay their outstanding commitments to the Group and, in turn, materially and adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Group may be materially adversely affected by developments in the emerging markets where it operates

The economies of some of the emerging markets where the Group operates, mainly Latin America and Turkey, experienced significant volatility in recent decades, characterized, in some cases, by slow or declining growth, declining investment and hyperinflation.

Emerging markets are generally subject to greater risks than more developed markets. For example, there is typically a greater risk of loss from unfavorable political and economic developments, social and geopolitical instability, and changes in governmental policies, including expropriation, nationalization, international ownership legislation, interest-rate caps and tax policies, and political unrest, such as the attempted coup in Turkey on July 15, 2016 and state of emergency entitling the exercise of additional powers by the Turkish government first declared on July 20, 2016. In addition, these emerging markets are affected by conditions in other related markets and in global financial markets generally and some are particularly affected by commodities price fluctuations, which in turn may affect financial market conditions through exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate volatility and deposits volatility. As a global economic recovery remains fragile, there are risks of deterioration. If the global economic conditions deteriorate, the business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows of the Bank’s subsidiaries in emerging economies, mainly in Latin America and Turkey, may be materially adversely affected.

Furthermore, financial turmoil in any particular emerging market could negatively affect other emerging markets or the global economy in general. Financial turmoil in emerging markets tends to adversely affect stock prices and debt securities prices of other emerging markets as investors move their money to more stable and developed markets, and may reduce liquidity to companies located in the affected markets. An increase in the perceived risks associated with investing in emerging economies in general, or the emerging market economies where the Group operates in particular, could dampen capital flows to such economies and adversely affect such economies.

In addition, any changes in laws, regulations and policies pursued by the incoming U.S. Government may adversely affect the emerging markets in which the Group operates, particularly Mexico due to the trade and other ties between Mexico and the United States.

 

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If economic conditions in the emerging market economies where the Group operates deteriorate, the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

The Group’s earnings and financial condition have been, and its future earnings and financial condition may continue to be, materially affected by depressed asset valuations resulting from poor market conditions

Severe market events such as the past sovereign debt crisis, rising risk premiums and falls in share market prices, have resulted in the Group recording large write-downs on its credit market exposures in recent years. Several factors could further depress the valuation of our assets. Current political processes such as the implementation of the “Brexit” referendum for the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, the surge of populist trends in several European countries or potential changes in U.S. economic policies implemented by the new administration, could increase global financial volatility and lead to the reallocation of assets. Doubts on the asset quality of European banks have also affected their evolution in the market during 2016 and such doubts might remain in 2017. In addition, uncertainty about China’s growth expectations and its policymaking capability to address certain severe future challenges has recently resulted in sudden and intense deterioration of the valuation of global assets and further increased volatility in the global financial markets. Additionally, in dislocated markets, hedging and other risk management strategies may not be as effective as they are in more normal market conditions due in part to the decreasing credit quality of hedge counterparties. Any deterioration in economic and financial market conditions could lead to further impairment charges and write-downs.

Exposure to the real estate market makes the Group vulnerable to developments in this market

The Group has substantial exposure to the real estate market, mainly in Spain, Mexico and the United States. The Group is exposed to the real estate market due to the fact that real estate assets secure many of its outstanding loans and due to the significant amount of real estate assets held on its balance sheet. Any deterioration of real estate prices could materially and adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks

The Group is subject to substantial regulation and regulatory and governmental oversight. Changes in the regulatory framework could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition

The financial services industry is among the most highly regulated industries in the world. In response to the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis, governments, regulatory authorities and others have made and continue to make proposals to reform the regulatory framework for the financial services industry to enhance its resilience against future crises. Legislation has already been enacted and regulations issued in response to some of these proposals. The regulatory framework for financial institutions is likely to undergo further significant change. This creates significant uncertainty for the Group and the financial industry in general. The wide range of recent actions or current proposals includes, among other things, provisions for more stringent regulatory capital and liquidity standards, restrictions on compensation practices, special bank levies and financial transaction taxes, recovery and resolution powers to intervene in a crisis including “bail-in” of creditors, separation of certain businesses from deposit taking, stress testing and capital planning regimes, heightened reporting requirements and reforms of derivatives, other financial instruments, investment products and market infrastructures.

In addition, the new institutional structure in Europe for supervision, with the creation of the single supervisor, and for resolution, with the single resolution mechanism, is changing the supervisory landscape. The specific effects of a number of new laws and regulations remain uncertain because the drafting and implementation of these laws and regulations are still ongoing. In addition, since some of these laws and regulations have been recently adopted, the manner in which they are applied to the operations of financial institutions is still evolving. No assurance can be given that laws or regulations will be enforced or interpreted in a manner that will not have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, regulatory scrutiny under existing laws and regulations has become more intense.

 

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Furthermore, regulatory and supervisory authorities have substantial discretion in how to regulate and supervise banks, and this discretion, and the means available to regulators and supervisors, have been steadily increasing during recent years. Regulation may be imposed on an ad hoc basis by governments and regulators in response to a crisis, and these may especially affect financial institutions that are deemed to be systemically important (including institutions deemed to be of local systemic importance, domestic systemically important banks or “D-SIBs”, such as the Bank).

In addition, local regulations in certain jurisdictions where the Group operates differ in a number of material respects from equivalent regulations in Spain or the United States. Changes in regulations may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, results of operations and financial condition, particularly in Mexico, the United States, Venezuela, Argentina and Turkey. Furthermore, regulatory fragmentation, with some countries implementing new and more stringent standards or regulation, could adversely affect the Group’s ability to compete with financial institutions based in other jurisdictions which do not need to comply with such new standards or regulation. In addition, financial institutions which are based in other jurisdictions, including the United States, could benefit from any deregulation efforts implemented in such jurisdictions. Moreover, to the extent recently adopted regulations are implemented inconsistently in the various jurisdictions in which the Group operates, the Group may face higher compliance costs.

Any required changes to the Group’s business operations resulting from the legislation and regulations applicable to such business could result in significant loss of revenue, limit the Group’s ability to pursue business opportunities in which the Group might otherwise consider engaging, affect the value of assets that the Group holds, require the Group to increase its prices and therefore reduce demand for its products, impose additional costs on the Group or otherwise adversely affect the Group’s businesses. For example, the Group is subject to substantial regulation relating to liquidity. Future liquidity standards could require it to maintain a greater proportion of its assets in highly liquid but lower-yielding financial instruments, which would negatively affect its net interest margin. Moreover, the Group’s regulators, as part of their supervisory function, periodically review the Group’s allowance for loan losses. Such regulators may require the Group to increase its allowance for loan losses or to recognize further losses. Any such additional provisions for loan losses, as required by these regulatory agencies whose views may differ from those of the Group’s management, could have an adverse effect on the Group’s earnings and financial condition.

Adverse regulatory developments or changes in government policy relating to any of the foregoing or other matters could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Increasingly onerous capital requirements may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations

As a Spanish credit institution, the Bank is subject to Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 26, 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms, amending Directive 2002/87/EC and repealing Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC (the “CRD IV Directive”), through which the EU began implementing the Basel III capital reforms, with effect from January 1, 2014, with certain requirements in the process of being phased in until January 1, 2019. The core regulation regarding the solvency of credit entities is Regulation (EU) No. 575/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 26, 2013 on prudential requirements for credit institutions and investment firms and amending Regulation (EU) No. 648/2012 (the “CRR” and, together with the CRD IV Directive and any measures implementing the CRD IV Directive or the CRR which may from time to time be introduced in Spain, “CRD IV”), which is complemented by several binding regulatory technical standards, all of which are directly applicable in all EU Member States, without the need for national implementation measures. The implementation of CRD IV Directive into Spanish law has taken place through Royal Decree-Law 14/2013 of November 29 (“RD-L 14/2013”), Law 10/2014 of June 26, on the organization, supervision and solvency of credit institutions (“Law 10/2014”), Royal Decree 84/2015, of February 13 (“RD 84/2015”), Bank of Spain Circular 2/2014, of January 31 and Bank of Spain Circular 2/2016 of February 2 (the “Bank of Spain Circular 2/2016”). On November 23, 2016, the European Commission published a package of proposals with further reforms to CRD IV, Directive 2014/59/EU of May 15 establishing a framework for the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms (the “BRRD”) and Regulation (EU) No. 806/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union

 

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(the “SRM Regulation”) (the “EU Banking Reforms”), including measures to increase the resilience of EU institutions and enhance financial stability. The timing for the final implementation of these reforms as at the date of this Annual Report is unclear.

CRD IV has, among other things, established minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements and increased the level of capital required by means of a “combined buffer requirement” that entities must comply with from 2016 onwards. The “combined buffer requirement” has introduced five new capital buffers: (i) the capital conservation buffer, (ii) the global systemically important institutions buffer (the “G-SIB buffer”), (iii) the institution-specific countercyclical buffer, (iv) the other systemically important institutions buffer (the “D-SIB buffer”) and (v) the systemic risk buffer. The “combined buffer requirement” applies in addition to the minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements and is required to be satisfied with Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital.

The G-SIB buffer applies to those institutions included on the list of global systemically important banks (“G-SIBs”), which is updated annually by the Financial Stability Board (the “FSB”). The Bank has been excluded from this list with effect from January 1, 2017 and so, unless otherwise indicated by the FSB (or the Bank of Spain) in the future, it will no longer be required to maintain a G-SIB buffer.

The Bank of Spain announced on November 7, 2016 that the Bank will continue to be considered a D-SIB, and consequently the Bank will be required to maintain during 2017 a D-SIB buffer of a CET1 capital ratio of 0.75% on a consolidated basis. The D-SIB buffer is being phased-in from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2019, with the result that the D-SIB buffer applicable to the Bank for 2017 is a CET1 capital ratio of 0.375% on a consolidated basis.

The Bank of Spain has greater discretion in relation to the institution-specific countercyclical buffer, the buffer for D-SIBs and the systemic risk buffer (a buffer to prevent systemic or macro prudential risks). With the entry into force of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (the “SSM”) on November 4, 2014, the ECB also has the ability to provide certain recommendations in this respect.

The Bank of Spain agreed in December 2015 to set the countercyclical capital buffer applicable to credit exposures in Spain at 0% from January 1, 2016. These percentages are revised each quarter and, accordingly, the Bank of Spain agreed in March 2017 to maintain the countercyclical capital buffer at 0% for the second quarter of 2017.

Moreover, Article 104 of the CRD IV Directive, as implemented by Article 68 of Law 10/2014, and similarly Article 16 of Council Regulation (EU) No. 1024/2013 of October 15, 2013 conferring specific tasks on the ECB concerning policies relating to the prudential supervision of credit institutions (the “SSM Framework Regulation”), also contemplates that in addition to the minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements and the combined buffer requirements, supervisory authorities may impose (above “Pillar 1” requirements and below the combined buffer requirements) further “Pillar 2” capital requirements to cover other risks, including those not considered to be fully captured by the minimum “own funds” “Pillar 1” requirements under CRD IV or to address macro-prudential considerations.

In accordance with the SSM Framework Regulation, the ECB has fully assumed its new supervisory responsibilities of BBVA and the Group within the SSM. The ECB is required under the SSM Framework Regulation to carry out a supervisory review and evaluation process (the “SREP”) of BBVA and the Group at least on an annual basis.

In addition to the above, the European Banking Authority (the “EBA”) published on December 19, 2014 its final guidelines for common procedures and methodologies in respect of the SREP (the “EBA SREP Guidelines”). Included in this were the EBA’s proposed guidelines for a common approach to determining the amount and composition of additional “Pillar 2” own funds requirements to be implemented from January 1, 2016. Under these guidelines, national supervisors should set a composition requirement for the “Pillar 2” requirements to cover certain specified risks of at least 56% CET1 capital and at least 75% Tier 1 capital, as it has also been included in the EU Banking Reforms. The guidelines also contemplate that national supervisors should not set additional own funds requirements in respect of risks which are already covered by the “combined buffer requirement” and/or additional macro-prudential requirements.

Any additional “Pillar 2” own funds requirement that may be imposed on the Bank and/or the Group by the ECB pursuant to the SREP will require the Bank and/or the Group to hold capital levels above the minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements.

 

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As a result of the most recent SREP carried out by the ECB in 2016, the Bank has been informed by the ECB that, effective from January 1, 2017, it is required to maintain (i) a CET1 phased-in capital ratio of 7.625% (on a consolidated basis) and 7.25% (on an individual basis); and (ii) a phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125% (on a consolidated basis) and 10.75% (on an individual basis).

This phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125 % on a consolidated basis includes (i) the minimum CET1 capital ratio required under “Pillar 1” (4.5%); (ii) the “Pillar 1” Additional Tier 1 capital requirement (1.5%); (iii) the “Pillar 1” Tier 2 capital requirement (2.0%); (iv) the additional CET1 capital requirement under “Pillar 2” (1.5%); (v) the capital conservation buffer (1.25% CET1); and (vi) the D-SIBs buffer (0.375% CET1).

As of December 31, 2016, the Bank’s phased-in total capital ratio was 15.14% on a consolidated basis and 21.83% on an individual basis. As of December 31, 2016, the Bank’s CET1 phased-in capital ratio was 12.18% on a consolidated basis and 17.56% on an individual basis. Such ratios exceed the applicable regulatory requirements described above, but there can be no assurance that the total capital requirements imposed on the Bank and/or the Group from time to time may not be higher than the levels of capital available at such point in time. There can also be no assurance as to the result of any future SREP carried out by the ECB and whether this will impose any further “Pillar 2” additional own funds requirements on the Bank and/or the Group.

The EU Banking Reforms propose new requirements that capital instruments should meet in order to be considered as Additional Tier 1 instruments or Tier 2 instruments. In accordance with the EU Banking Reforms, these new requirements are not subject to a grandfathering or exemption regime for currently issued Additional Tier 1 instruments and/or Tier 2 instruments. As a result, such instruments could be subject to regulatory uncertainties on their eligibility as capital if the EU Banking Reforms are approved in the form in which they were originally published, which may lead to regulatory capital shortfalls and ultimately a breach of the applicable minimum regulatory capital requirements.

Any failure by the Bank and/or the Group to maintain its “Pillar 1” minimum regulatory capital ratios, any “Pillar 2” additional own funds requirements and/or any “combined buffer requirement” could result in administrative actions or sanctions, which, in turn, may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations. In particular, any failure to maintain any additional capital requirements pursuant to the “Pillar 2” framework or any other capital requirements to which the Bank and/or the Group is or becomes subject (including the “combined buffer requirement”), may result in the imposition of restrictions or prohibitions on “discretionary payments” by the Bank as discussed below.

According to Article 48 of Law 10/2014, Article 73 of RD 84/2015 and Rule 24 of Bank of Spain Circular 2/2016, any entity not meeting its “combined buffer requirement” is required to determine its Maximum Distributable Amount (“MDA”) as described therein. Until the MDA has been calculated and communicated to the Bank of Spain, where applicable, the relevant entity will be subject to restrictions on (i) distributions relating to CET1 capital, (ii) payments in respect of variable remuneration or discretionary pension revenues and (iii) distributions relating to Additional Tier 1 instruments (“discretionary payments”) and, thereafter, any such discretionary payments by that entity will be subject to such MDA limit.

Furthermore, as set forth in Article 48 of Law 10/2014, the adoption by the Bank of Spain of the measures prescribed in Articles 68.2.h) and 68.2.i) of Law 10/2014, aimed at strengthening own funds or limiting or prohibiting the distribution of dividends respectively will also restrict discretionary payments to such MDA. Pursuant to the EU Banking Reforms, MDA could also be affected by a breach of MREL (as defined below) (see “— Any failure by the Bank and/or the Group to comply with its minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations.” below).

As set out in the “Opinion of the European Banking Authority on the interaction of Pillar 1, Pillar 2 and combined buffer requirements and restrictions on distributions” published on December 16, 2015 (the “December 2015 EBA Opinion”), in the EBA’s opinion competent authorities should ensure that the CET1 capital to be taken into account in determining the CET1 capital available to meet the “combined buffer requirement” for the purposes of the MDA calculation is limited to the amount not used to meet the “Pillar 1” and, if applicable, “Pillar 2” own

 

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funds requirements of the institution. In addition, the December 2015 EBA Opinion advises the European Commission (i) to review Article 141 of the CRD IV Directive with a view to avoiding differing interpretations of Article 141(6) and ensure greater consistency between the maximum distributable amount framework and the capital stacking order described in the opinion and in the EBA SREP Guidelines by which the “Pillar 1” and, if applicable, “Pillar 2” capital requirements represent the minimum capital to be preserved at all times by an institution and it is only the CET1 capital of that institution not used to meet its “Pillar 1” and, if applicable, “Pillar 2” requirements that is then available to meet the “combined buffer requirement” of the institution and (ii) to review the prohibition on distributions in all circumstances where an institution fails to meet the “combined buffer requirement” and no profits are made in any given year, notably insofar as it relates to Additional Tier 1 instruments. There can be no assurance as to how and when binding effect will be given to the December 2015 EBA Opinion in Spain, including as to the consequences for an institution of its capital levels falling below those necessary to meet these requirements. The EU Banking Reforms propose certain amendments in order to clarify, for the purposes of restrictions on distributions, the hierarchy between the “Pillar 2” additional own funds requirements, the minimum “own funds” “Pillar 1” requirements, the own funds and eligible liabilities requirement, MREL requirements and the “combined buffer requirements” (which is referred to as “stacking order”). Furthermore, pursuant to the EU Banking Reforms, an institution would not be entitled to make distributions relating to CET1 capital or payments in respect of variable remuneration or discretionary pension revenues, before having made the payments due on Additional Tier 1 instruments.

On July 1, 2016, the EBA published additional information explaining how supervisors intend to use the results of an EU-wide stress test for SREP in 2016 (which results were published on July 29, 2016). The EBA stated, among other things, that the incorporation of the quantitative results of the EU-wide stress test into SREP assessments may include setting additional supervisory monitoring metrics in the form of capital guidance. Such guidance will not be included in MDA calculations but competent authorities would expect banks to meet that guidance except when explicitly agreed. Competent authorities have remedial tools if an institution refuses to follow such guidance. The EU Banking Reforms also propose that a distinction be made between “Pillar 2” capital requirements and guidance, with only the former being mandatory requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the EU Banking Reforms propose that supervisory authorities be entitled to impose further “Pillar 2” capital requirements where an institution repeatedly fails to follow the guidance previously imposed.

The ECB has also set out in its recommendation of December 13, 2016 on dividend distribution policies that credit institutions should establish dividend policies using conservative and prudent assumptions in order, after any distribution, to satisfy the applicable capital requirements.

Any failure by the Bank and/or the Group to comply with its regulatory capital requirements could also result in the imposition of further “Pillar 2” requirements and the adoption of any early intervention or, ultimately, resolution measures by resolution authorities pursuant to Law 11/2015 of June 18 on the Recovery and Resolution of Credit Institutions and Investment Firms (Ley 11/2015 de 18 de junio de recuperación y resolución de entidades de crédito y empresas de servicios de inversión), as amended, replaced or supplemented from time to time (“Law 11/2015”), which, together with Royal Decree 1012/2015 of November 6 by virtue of which Law 11/2015 is developed and Royal Decree 2606/1996 of December 20 on credit entities’ deposit guarantee fund is amended (“RD 1012/2015”), has implemented the BRRD into Spanish law. See “— Bail-in and write-down powers under the BRRD may adversely affect our business and the value of any securities we may issue” below.

At its meeting of January 12, 2014, the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“BCBS”) endorsed the definition of the leverage ratio set forth in CRD IV, to promote consistent disclosure, which applied from January 1, 2015. There will be a mandatory minimum capital requirement on January 1, 2018, with an initial minimum leverage ratio of 3% that can be raised after calibration. The proposed revisions to the design and calibration of the leverage ratio were set out in the BCBS April 2016 consultation paper entitled “Revisions to the Basel III leverage ratio framework”. The consultation period ended on July 6, 2016, and BCBS shall finalize the calibration of the leverage ratio for it to be implemented by January 1, 2018. The EU Banking Reforms propose a binding leverage ratio requirement of 3% of Tier 1 capital that is added to an institution’s own funds requirements and that an institution must meet in addition to its risk based requirements.

 

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Basel III implementation differs across jurisdictions in terms of timing and applicable rules. This lack of uniformity among implemented rules may lead to an uneven playing field and to competition distortions. Moreover, the lack of regulatory coordination, with some countries bringing forward the application of Basel III requirements or increasing such requirements, could adversely affect a bank with global operations such as the Bank and could undermine its profitability.

There can be no assurance that the implementation of the above capital requirements will not adversely affect the Bank’s ability to pay “discretionary payments” or result in the cancellation of such payments (in whole or in part), or require the Bank to issue additional securities that qualify as regulatory capital, to liquidate assets, to curtail business or to take any other actions, any of which may have adverse effects on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, increased capital requirements may negatively affect the Bank’s return on equity and other financial performance indicators.

Bail-in and write-down powers under the BRRD may adversely affect our business and the value of any securities we may issue

The BRRD (which has been implemented in Spain through Law 11/2015 and RD 1012/2015) is designed to provide authorities with a credible set of tools to intervene sufficiently early and quickly in unsound or failing credit institutions or investment firms (each, an “institution”) so as to ensure the continuity of the institution’s critical financial and economic functions, while minimizing the impact of an institution’s failure on the economy and financial system. The BRRD further provides that any extraordinary public financial support through additional financial stabilization tools is only to be used by a Member State as a last resort, after having assessed and exploited the below resolution tools to the maximum extent possible while maintaining financial stability.

In accordance with Article 20 of Law 11/2015, an institution will be considered as failing or likely to fail in any of the following circumstances: (i) it is, or is likely in the near future to be, in significant breach of its solvency or any other requirements necessary for maintaining its authorization; (ii) its assets are, or are likely in the near future to be, less than its liabilities; (iii) it is, or is likely in the near future to be, unable to pay its debts as they fall due; or (iv) it requires extraordinary public financial support (except in limited circumstances). The determination that an institution is no longer viable may depend on a number of factors which may be outside of that institution’s control.

As provided in the BRRD, Law 11/2015 contains four resolution tools and powers which may be used alone or in combination where the Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring (Fondo de Restructuración Ordenada Bancaria) (the “FROB”), the Single Resolution Mechanism (“SRM”) or, as the case may be and according to Law 11/2015, the Bank of Spain or the Spanish Securities Market Commission or any other entity with the authority to exercise any such tools and powers from time to time (each, a “Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority”) as appropriate, considers that (a) an institution is failing or likely to fail, (b) there is no reasonable prospect that any alternative private sector measures would prevent the failure of such institution within a reasonable timeframe and (c) a resolution action is in the public interest. The four resolution tools are (i) sale of business, which enables resolution authorities to direct the sale of the institution or the whole or part of its business on commercial terms; (ii) bridge institution, which enables resolution authorities to transfer all or part of the business of the institution to a “bridge institution” (an entity created for this purpose that is wholly or partially in public control), which may limit the capacity of the institution to meet its repayment obligations; (iii) asset separation, which enables resolution authorities to transfer impaired or problem assets to one or more asset management vehicles to allow them to be managed with a view to maximizing their value through eventual sale or orderly wind-down (this can be used together with another resolution tool only); and (iv) bail-in, by which the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority may exercise the Spanish Bail-in Power (as defined below). This includes the ability of the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority to write down and/or convert into equity or other securities or obligations (which equity, securities and obligations could also be subject to any future application of the Spanish Bail-in Power) any obligation of an institution.

The “Spanish Bail-in Power” is any write-down, conversion, transfer, modification or suspension power existing from time to time under, and exercised in compliance with, any laws, regulations, rules or requirements in effect in Spain, relating to the transposition of the BRRD, as amended from time to time, including but not limited to (i) Law 11/2015, as amended from time to time; (ii) RD 1012/2015, as amended from time to time; (iii) the SRM

 

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Regulation, as amended from time to time; and (iv) any other instruments, rules or standards made in connection with either (i), (ii) or (iii), pursuant to which any obligation of an institution can be reduced (which may result in the reduction of the relevant claim to zero), cancelled, modified, transferred or converted into shares, other securities, or other obligations of such institution or any other person (or suspended for a temporary period).

In accordance with Article 48 of Law 11/2015 (and subject to any exclusions that may be applied by the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority under Article 43 of Law 11/2015), in the case of any application of the Spanish Bail-in Power, the sequence of any resulting write-down or conversion by the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority shall be in the following order: (i) CET1 instruments; (ii) Additional Tier 1 instruments; (iii) Tier 2 instruments; (iv) other subordinated claims that do not qualify as Additional Tier 1 capital or Tier 2 capital; and (v) the eligible senior claims prescribed in Article 41 of Law 11/2015.

In addition to the Spanish Bail-in Power, the BRRD and Law 11/2015 provide for resolution authorities to have the further power to permanently write-down or convert into equity capital instruments at the point of non-viability (“Non-Viability Loss Absorption”) of an institution or a group. The point of non-viability of an institution is the point at which the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority determines that the institution meets the conditions for resolution or will no longer be viable unless the relevant capital instruments are written down or converted into equity or extraordinary public support is to be provided and without such support the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority determines that the institution would no longer be viable. The point of non-viability of a group is the point at which the group infringes or there are objective elements to support a determination that the group, in the near future, will infringe its consolidated solvency requirements in a way that would justify action by the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority in accordance with article 38.3 of Law 11/2015. Non-Viability Loss Absorption may be imposed prior to or in combination with any exercise of the Spanish Bail-in Power or any other resolution tool or power (where the conditions for resolution referred to above are met).

Any application of the Spanish Bail-in Power or Non-Viability Loss Absorption under the BRRD shall be in accordance with the hierarchy of claims in normal insolvency proceedings (unless otherwise provided by the laws, regulations, requirements, guidelines and policies relating to capital adequacy, resolution and/or solvency then applicable to the Bank and/or the Group, including, without limitation to the generality of the foregoing, CRD IV, the BRRD and those regulations, requirements, guidelines and policies relating to capital adequacy, resolution and/or solvency then in effect in Spain (whether or not such requirements, guidelines or policies have the force of law and whether or not they are applied generally or specifically to the Bank and/or the Group)).

To the extent that any resulting treatment of a holder of the Bank’s securities pursuant to the exercise of the Spanish Bail-in Power or Non-Viability Loss Absorption is less favorable than would have been the case under such hierarchy in normal insolvency proceedings, a holder of such affected securities would have a right to compensation under the BRRD based on an independent valuation of the institution. Any such compensation is unlikely to compensate that holder for the losses it has actually incurred and there is likely to be a considerable delay in the recovery of such compensation. Compensation payments (if any) are also likely to be made considerably later than when amounts may otherwise have been due under the affected securities.

The powers set out in the BRRD as implemented through Law 11/2015 and RD 1012/2015 impact how credit institutions and investment firms are managed, as well as, in certain circumstances, the rights of creditors. Pursuant to Law 11/2015, holders of, among others, unsecured debt securities, subordinated obligations and shares issued by us may be subject to, among other things, a write-down and/or conversion into equity or other securities or obligations on any application of the Spanish Bail-in Power and in the case of capital instruments may also be subject to any Non-Viability Loss Absorption. The exercise of any such powers (or any of the other resolution powers and tools) may result in such holders of such securities losing some or all of their investment or otherwise having their rights under such securities adversely affected. Such exercise could also involve modifications to, or the disapplication of, provisions in the terms and conditions of certain securities including alteration of the principal amount or any interest payable on debt instruments, the maturity date or any other dates on which payments may be due, as well as the suspension of payments for a certain period. As a result, the exercise of the Spanish Bail-in Power or, where applicable, the Non-Viability Loss Absorption with respect to such securities or the taking by an authority of any other action, or any suggestion that the exercise or taking of any such action may happen, could materially adversely affect the rights of holders of such securities, the market price or value or trading behavior of our securities and/or the ability of the Bank to satisfy its obligations under any such securities.

 

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The exercise of the Spanish Bail-in Power and/or Non-Viability Loss Absorption by the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority is likely to be inherently unpredictable and may depend on a number of factors which may also be outside of the Bank’s control. In addition, as the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority will retain an element of discretion, holders of such securities may not be able to refer to publicly available criteria in order to anticipate any potential exercise of any such Spanish Bail-in Power and/or Non-Viability Loss Absorption. Because of this inherent uncertainty, it will be difficult to predict when, if at all, the exercise of any such powers by the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority may occur.

This uncertainty may adversely affect the value of the unsecured debt securities, subordinated obligations and shares issued by us. The price and trading behavior of such securities may be affected by the threat of a possible exercise of any power under Law 11/2015 (including any early intervention measure before any resolution) or any suggestion of such exercise, even if the likelihood of such exercise is remote. Moreover, the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority may exercise any such powers without providing any advance notice to the holders of affected securities.

In addition, the EBA’s preparation of certain regulatory technical standards and implementing technical standards to be adopted by the European Commission and certain other guidelines is pending. These acts could be potentially relevant to determining when or how a Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority may exercise the Spanish Bail-in Power. The pending acts include guidelines on the treatment of shareholders in bail-in or the write-down and conversion of capital instruments, and on the rate of conversion of debt to equity or other securities or obligations in any bail-in. No assurance can be given that, once adopted, these standards will not be detrimental to the rights under, and the value of unsecured debt securities, subordinated obligations and shares issued by us.

Any failure by the Bank and/or the Group to comply with its minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities (MREL) could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations

The BRRD prescribes that banks shall hold a minimum level of own funds and eligible liabilities in relation to total liabilities (“MREL”). According to Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/1450 of May 23, 2016 (the “MREL Delegated Regulation”), the level of own funds and eligible liabilities required under MREL will be set by the resolution authority for each bank (and/or group) based on, among other things, the criteria set forth in Article 45.6 of the BRRD, including the systemic importance of the institution. Eligible liabilities may be senior or subordinated, provided that, among other requirements, they have a remaining maturity of at least one year and, if governed by a non-EU law, they must be able to be written down or converted by the resolution authority of a Member State under that law or through contractual provisions.

The MREL requirement came into force on January 1, 2016. However, the EBA has recognized the impact which this requirement may have on banks’ funding structures and costs, and the MREL Delegated Regulation states that the resolution authorities shall determine an appropriate transitional period but that this shall be as short as possible. As part of the EU Banking Reforms, the European Commission published on November 23, 2016 a Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on amendments to the BRRD as regards the ranking of unsecured debt instruments in the insolvency hierarchy (the “MREL Proposal”). The MREL Proposal proposes to harmonize national laws on recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms, in particular as regards their loss-absorbency and recapitalization capacity in resolution, and proposes the creation of a new asset class of “non-preferred” senior debt that should only be bailed-in after other capital instruments but before other senior liabilities. The MREL Proposal anticipates that Member States will transpose the proposed amendments into the BRRD in their national laws by approximately June 2017 and that banks to which the amendments apply will have to comply with the amended rules by approximately July 2017.

The EU Banking Reforms establish the new conditions that would need to be met by an instrument so that it can be considered as an eligible liability and which would then be used to comply with MREL requirements. In addition, the EU Banking Reforms establish some exemptions which could allow outstanding senior debt

 

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instruments to be used to comply with MREL requirements. However, there is uncertainty regarding the final form of the EU Banking Reforms insofar as such eligibility is concerned and how those regulations and exemptions are to be interpreted and applied. This uncertainty may impact upon the ability of the Bank to comply with its MREL requirements (at both individual and consolidated levels) on due date.

On November 9, 2015, the FSB published its final Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”) Principles and Term Sheet (the “TLAC Principles and Term Sheet”), proposing that G-SIBs maintain significant minimum amounts of liabilities that are subordinated (by law, contract or structurally) to certain prior-ranking liabilities, such as guaranteed insured deposits, and forming a new standard for G-SIBs. The TLAC Principles and Term Sheet contain a set of principles on loss-absorbing and recapitalization capacity of G-SIBs in resolution and a term sheet for the implementation of these principles in the form of an internationally agreed standard. The FSB will undertake a review of the technical implementation of the TLAC Principles and Term Sheet by the end of 2019. The TLAC Principles and Term Sheet require a minimum TLAC requirement to be determined individually for each G-SIB at the greater of (a) 16% of risk-weighted assets as of January 1, 2019 and 18% as of January 1, 2022, and (b) 6% of the Basel III Tier 1 leverage ratio exposure measured as of January 1, 2019, and 6.75% as of January 1, 2022. The Bank is no longer classified as a G-SIB by the FSB with effect from January 1, 2017. However, if the Bank were to be so classified in the future or if TLAC requirements as set out below are adopted and implemented in Spain and extended to non-G-SIBs through the imposition of similar MREL requirements, then this could create additional minimum requirements for the Bank.

In this regard, the EBA submitted on December 14, 2016 a final report on the implementation and design of the MREL framework (the “EBA MREL Report”), which contains a number of recommendations to amend the current MREL framework. Additionally, the EU Banking Reforms contain the legislative proposal of the European Commission for the amendment of the MREL framework and the implementation of the TLAC standards. The EU Banking Reforms propose the amendment of a number of aspects of the MREL framework to align it with the TLAC standards included in the TLAC Principles and Term Sheet. To maintain coherence between the MREL rules applicable to G-SIBs and those applicable to non-G-SIBs, the EU Banking Reforms also propose a number of changes to the MREL rules applicable to non-G-SIBs. While the EU Banking Reforms propose for a minimum harmonized or “Pillar 1” MREL requirement for G-SIBs, in the case of non-G-SIBs, it is proposed that MREL requirements will be imposed on a bank-specific basis. For G-SIBs, it is also proposed that a supplementary or “Pillar 2” MREL requirement may be further imposed on a bank-specific basis. The EU Banking Reforms further provide for the resolution authorities to give guidance to an institution to have own funds and eligible liabilities in excess of the requisite levels for certain purposes.

If the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority finds that there could exist any obstacles to resolvability by the Bank and/or the Group, a higher MREL requirement could be imposed.

Neither the BRRD nor the MREL Delegated Regulation provides details on the implications of a failure by an institution to comply with its MREL requirement. However, the EU Banking Reforms propose that this be addressed by the relevant authorities on the basis of their powers to address or remove impediments to resolution, the exercise of their supervisory powers under the CRD IV Directive, early intervention measures, and administrative penalties and other administrative measures.

Furthermore, in accordance with the EBA MREL Report, the EBA recommends that resolution authorities and competent authorities should engage in active monitoring of compliance with their respective requirements and considers that (i) the powers of resolution authorities to respond to a breach of MREL should be enhanced (which would require resolution authorities to be given the power to require the preparation and execution of an MREL restoration plan, to use their powers to address impediments to resolvability, to request that distribution restrictions be imposed on an institution by a competent authority and to request a joint restoration plan in cases where an institution breaches both MREL and minimum capital requirements); (ii) competent authorities should also respond to breaches of minimum capital requirements and MREL; (iii) resolution authorities should assume a lead role in responding to a failure to issue or roll over MREL-eligible debt leading to a breach of MREL; (iv) if there are both losses and a failure to roll over or issue MREL-eligible debt, both the relevant resolution authority and relevant competent authority should attempt to agree on a joint restoration plan (provided that both authorities believe that the institution is not failing or likely to fail); and (v) resolution and competent authorities should closely cooperate

 

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and coordinate. The EU Banking Reforms also provide for resolution and competent authorities to consult each other in the exercise of their respective powers in relation to any breaches of MREL. In addition, under the EBA Guidelines on triggers for use of early intervention measures of May 8, 2015 a significant deterioration in the amount of eligible liabilities and own funds held by an institution for the purposes of meeting its MREL requirements may put an institution in a situation where conditions for early intervention are met, which may result in the application by the competent authority of early intervention measures.

Further, as outlined in the EBA MREL Report, the EBA’s recommendation is that an institution will not be able to use the same CET 1 capital to meet both MREL and the combined buffer requirements. In addition, the EU Banking Reforms provide that, in the case of the own funds of an institution that may otherwise contribute to the combined buffer requirement where there is any shortfall in MREL, this will be considered as a failure to meet the combined buffer requirement such that those own funds will automatically be used instead to meet that institution’s MREL requirement and will no longer count towards its combined buffer requirement. Accordingly, this could trigger a limit on discretionary payments (see “ Increasingly onerous capital requirements may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations”). Additionally, if the Relevant Spanish Resolution Authority finds that there could exist any obstacles to resolvability by the Bank and/or the Group, a higher MREL requirement could be imposed.

Moreover, with respect to the EU Banking Reforms, there are uncertainties concerning how the subsidiaries of the Group would be treated for purposes of determining the resolution group of the Bank and the applicable MREL requirements, which may lead to a situation where the consolidated MREL requirement of the Bank would not fully reflect its multiple-point-of-entry resolution strategy.

Any failure by the Bank and/or the Group to comply with its MREL requirement may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial conditions and results of operations and could result in the imposition of restrictions or prohibitions on discretionary payments by the Bank, including the payment of dividends and distributions relating to Additional Tier 1 instruments. There can also be no assurance as to the relationship between the “Pillar 2” additional own funds requirements, the “combined buffer requirement”, the MREL requirement once implemented in Spain and the restrictions or prohibitions on discretionary payments.

Increased taxation and other burdens imposed on the financial sector may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations

On February 14, 2013, the European Commission published a proposal (the “Commission’s Proposal”) for a Directive for a common financial transaction tax (“FTT”) in Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia and Slovakia (the “participating Member States”). However, Estonia has since stated that it will not participate.

The Commission’s Proposal has very broad scope and could, if introduced, apply to certain dealings in securities issued by the Group or other issuers (including secondary market transactions) in certain circumstances.

Under the Commission’s Proposal, the FTT could apply in certain circumstances to persons both within and outside the participating Member States. Generally, it would apply to certain dealings in securities where at least one party is a financial institution and at least one party is established in a participating Member State. A financial institution may be, or be deemed to be, “established” in a participating Member State in a broad range of circumstances, including (a) by transacting with a person established in a participating Member State or (b) where the financial instrument which is subject to the dealings is issued in a participating Member State.

However, the FTT proposal remains subject to negotiation among the participating Member States. It may therefore be altered prior to any implementation, the timing of which remains unclear. Additional EU Member States may decide to participate and participating Member States may decide not to participate.

Royal Decree-Law 8/2014, of July 4, introduced a 0.03% tax on bank deposits in Spain. This tax is payable annually by Spanish banks. There can be no assurance that additional national or transnational bank levies or financial transaction taxes will not be adopted by the authorities of the jurisdictions where the Bank operates.

 

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Contributions for assisting in the future recovery and resolution of the Spanish banking sector may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

In 2015, Law 11/2015 and RD 1012/2015 established a requirement for Spanish credit institutions, including BBVA, to make at least an annual ordinary contribution to the National Resolution Fund (Fondo de Resolución Nacional), payable on request of the FROB. The total amount of contributions to be made to the National Resolution Fund by all Spanish banking entities must equal at least 1% of the aggregate amount of all deposits guaranteed by the Deposit Guarantee Fund by December 31, 2024. The contribution will be adjusted to the risk profile of each institution in accordance with the criteria set out in RD 1012/2015. The FROB may, in addition, collect extraordinary contributions.

Furthermore, Law 11/2015 also established in 2015 an additional charge (tasa) which shall be used to further fund the activities of the FROB, in its capacity as a resolution authority, which charge shall equal 2.5% of the above annual ordinary contribution to be made to the National Resolution Fund.

In addition, since 2016, the Bank has been required to make contributions directly to the EU Single Resolution Fund, once the National Resolution Fund has been integrated into it, and will have to pay supervisory fees to the SSM and the SRM. See “—Regulatory developments related to the EU fiscal and banking union may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations”.

Any levies, taxes or funding requirements imposed on the Bank pursuant to the foregoing or otherwise in any of the jurisdictions where it operates could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulatory developments related to the EU fiscal and banking union may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations

The project of achieving a European banking union was launched in the summer of 2012. Its main goal is to resume progress towards the European single market for financial services by restoring confidence in the European banking sector and ensuring the proper functioning of monetary policy in the Eurozone.

Banking union is expected to be achieved through new harmonized banking rules (the single rulebook) and a new institutional framework with stronger systems for both banking supervision and resolution that will be managed at the European level. Its two main pillars are the SSM and the SRM.

The SSM is intended to assist in making the banking sector more transparent, unified and safer. In accordance with the SSM Framework Regulation, the ECB fully assumed its new supervisory responsibilities within the SSM, in particular the direct supervision of the largest European banks (including the Bank), on November 4, 2014.

The SSM represents a significant change in the approach to bank supervision at a European and global level, even if it is not expected to result in any radical change in bank supervisory practices in the short term. The SSM has resulted in the direct supervision by the ECB of the largest financial institutions, including the Bank, and indirect supervision of around 3,500 financial institutions. The new supervisor is one of the largest in the world in terms of assets under supervision. In the coming years, the SSM is expected to work to establish a new supervisory culture importing best practices from the 19 supervisory authorities that form part of the SSM. Several steps have already been taken in this regard, such as the publication of the Supervisory Guidelines and the creation of the SSM Framework Regulation. In addition, the SSM represents an extra cost for the financial institutions that fund it through payment of supervisory fees.

The other main pillar of the EU banking union is the SRM, the main purpose of which is to ensure a prompt and coherent resolution of failing banks in Europe at minimum cost. The SRM Regulation, which was passed on July 15, 2014 and took legal effect from January 1, 2015, establishes uniform rules and a uniform procedure for the resolution of credit institutions and certain investment firms in the framework of the SRM and a Single Resolution Fund. The new Single Resolution Board started operating on January 1, 2015 and fully assumed its resolution powers on January 1, 2016. The Single Resolution Fund has also been in place since January 1, 2016, funded by contributions from European banks in accordance with the methodology approved by the Council of the European

 

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Union. The Single Resolution Fund is intended to reach a total amount of €55 billion by 2024 and to be used as a separate backstop only after an 8% bail-in of a bank’s total liabilities including own funds has been applied to cover capital shortfalls (in line with the BRRD).

By allowing for the consistent application of EU banking rules through the SSM, the banking union is expected to help resume momentum toward economic and monetary union. In order to complete such union, a single deposit guarantee scheme is still needed, which may require a change to the existing European treaties. This is the subject of continued negotiation by European leaders to ensure further progress is made in European fiscal, economic and political integration.

Regulations adopted towards achieving a banking and/or fiscal union in the EU and decisions adopted by the ECB in its capacity as the Bank’s main supervisory authority may have a material effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the BRRD and Directive 2014/49/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of April 16, 2014 on deposit guarantee schemes were published in the Official Journal of the EU on June 12, 2014. The BRRD was implemented into Spanish law through Law 11/2015 and RD 1012/2015. In addition, on January 29, 2014, the European Commission released its proposal on the structural reforms of the European banking sector, which will impose new constraints on the structure of European banks. The proposal is aimed at ensuring the harmonization between the divergent national initiatives in Europe. It includes a prohibition on proprietary trading similar to that contained in Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act (also known as the Volcker Rule) and a mechanism to potentially require the separation of trading activities (including market-making), such as in the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013, complex securitizations and risky derivatives.

There can be no assurance that regulatory developments related to the EU fiscal and banking union, and initiatives undertaken at the EU level, will not have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Group’s anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism policies may be circumvented or otherwise not be sufficient to prevent all money laundering or terrorism financing

Group companies are subject to rules and regulations regarding money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Monitoring compliance with anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing rules can put a significant financial burden on banks and other financial institutions and pose significant technical problems. Although the Group believes that its current policies and procedures are sufficient to comply with applicable rules and regulations, it cannot guarantee that its anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing policies and procedures will not be circumvented or otherwise not be sufficient to prevent all money laundering or terrorism financing. Any of such events may have severe consequences, including sanctions, fines and, notably, reputational consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Group is exposed to risks in relation to compliance with anti-corruption laws and regulations and economic sanctions programs

The Group is required to comply with the laws and regulations of various jurisdictions where it conducts operations. In particular, its operations are subject to various anti-corruption laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 and the United Kingdom Bribery Act of 2010, and economic sanction programs, including those administered by the United Nations, the EU and the United States, including the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. The anti-corruption laws generally prohibit providing anything of value to government officials for the purposes of obtaining or retaining business or securing any improper business advantage. As part of the Bank’s business, the Bank may deal with entities the employees of which are considered government officials. In addition, economic sanctions programs restrict the Bank’s business dealings with certain sanctioned countries, individuals and entities.

Although the Bank has internal policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with applicable anti-corruption laws and sanctions regulations, there can be no assurance that such policies and procedures will be sufficient or that its employees, directors, officers, partners, agents and service providers will not take actions in

 

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violation of the Group’s policies and procedures (or otherwise in violation of the relevant anti-corruption laws and sanctions regulations) for which it or they may be ultimately held responsible. Violations of anti-corruption laws and sanctions regulations could lead to financial penalties being imposed on the Bank, limits being placed on the Bank’s activities, the Bank’s authorizations and licenses being revoked, damage to the Bank’s reputation and other consequences that could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, results of operations and financial condition. Further, litigation or investigations relating to alleged or suspected violations of anti-corruption laws and sanctions regulations could be costly.

Local regulation may have a material effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows

The Bank’s operations are subject to regulatory risks, including the effects of changes in laws, regulations, policies and interpretations, in the various jurisdictions outside Spain where it operates. Regulations in certain jurisdictions where the Bank operates differ in a number of material respects from equivalent regulations in Spain. For example, local regulations may require the Bank’s subsidiaries and affiliates to meet capital requirements that are different from those applicable to the Bank as a Spanish bank, they may prohibit certain activities permitted to be undertaken by the Bank in Spain or they may require certain approvals to be obtained in connection with such subsidiaries and affiliates’ activities. Changes in regulations may have a material effect on the Group’s business and operations, particularly changes affecting Mexico, the United States, Venezuela, Argentina or Turkey, which are the Group’s most significant jurisdictions by assets other than Spain.

Furthermore, the governments in certain regions where the Group operates have exercised, and continue to exercise, significant influence over the local economy. Governmental actions, including changes in laws or regulations or in the interpretation of existing laws or regulations, concerning the economy and state-owned enterprises, or otherwise affecting the Group’s activity, could have a significant effect on the private sector entities in general and on the Bank’s subsidiaries and affiliates in particular. In addition, the Group’s activities in emerging economies, such as Venezuela, are subject to a heightened risk of changes in governmental policies, including expropriation, nationalization, international ownership legislation, interest-rate caps, exchange controls, government restrictions on dividends and tax policies. Any of these risks could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Liquidity and Financial Risks

The Bank has a continuous demand for liquidity to fund its business activities. The Bank may suffer during periods of market-wide or firm-specific liquidity constraints, and liquidity may not be available to it even if its underlying business remains strong

Liquidity and funding continue to remain a key area of focus for the Group and the industry as a whole. Like all major banks, the Group is dependent on confidence in the short- and long-term wholesale funding markets. Should the Group, due to exceptional circumstances or otherwise, be unable to continue to source sustainable funding, its ability to fund its financial obligations could be affected.

The Bank’s profitability or solvency could be adversely affected if access to liquidity and funding is constrained or made more expensive for a prolonged period of time. Under extreme and unforeseen circumstances, such as the closure of financial markets and uncertainty as to the ability of a significant number of firms to ensure they can meet their liabilities as they fall due, the Group’s ability to meet its financial obligations as they fall due or to fulfill its commitments to lend could be affected through limited access to liquidity (including government and central bank facilities). In such extreme circumstances, the Group may not be in a position to continue to operate without additional funding support, which it may be unable to access. These factors may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s solvency, including its ability to meet its regulatory minimum liquidity requirements. These risks can be exacerbated by operational factors such as an over-reliance on a particular source of funding or changes in credit ratings, as well as market-wide phenomena such as market dislocation, regulatory change or major disasters.

 

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In addition, corporate and institutional counterparties may seek to reduce aggregate credit exposures to the Bank (or to all banks), which could increase the Group’s cost of funding and limit its access to liquidity. The funding structure employed by the Group may also prove to be inefficient, thus giving rise to a level of funding cost where the cumulative costs are not sustainable over the longer term. The funding needs of the Group may increase and such increases may be material to the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Withdrawals of deposits or other sources of liquidity may make it more difficult or costly for the Group to fund its business on favorable terms or cause the Group to take other actions

Historically, one of the Group’s principal sources of funds has been savings and demand deposits. Large-denomination time deposits may, under some circumstances, such as during periods of significant interest-rate-based competition for these types of deposits, be a less stable source of deposits than savings and demand deposits. The level of wholesale and retail deposits may also fluctuate due to other factors outside the Group’s control, such as a loss of confidence (including as a result of political initiatives, including bail-in and/or confiscation and/or taxation of creditors’ funds) or competition from investment funds or other products. The recent introduction of a national tax on outstanding deposits could be negative for the Group’s activities in Spain. Moreover, there can be no assurance that, in the event of a sudden or unexpected withdrawal of deposits or shortage of funds in the banking systems or money markets in which the Group operates, the Group will be able to maintain its current levels of funding without incurring higher funding costs or having to liquidate certain of its assets. In addition, if public sources of liquidity, such as the ECB extraordinary measures adopted in response to the financial crisis since 2008, are removed from the market, there can be no assurance that the Group will be able to maintain its current levels of funding without incurring higher funding costs or having to liquidate certain of its assets or taking additional deleverage measures.

Implementation of internationally accepted liquidity ratios might require changes in business practices that affect the profitability of the Bank’s business activities

The liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) is a quantitative liquidity standard developed by the BCBS to ensure that those banking organizations to which this standard is to apply have sufficient high-quality liquid assets to cover expected net cash outflows over a 30-day liquidity stress period. The final standard was announced in January 2013 by the BCBS and, since January 2015, is being phased-in until 2019. Currently the banks to which this standard applies must comply with a minimum LCR requirement of 70% and gradually increase the ratio by 10 percentage points per year to reach 100% by January 2019.

The BCBS’s net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”) has a time horizon of one year and has been developed to provide a sustainable maturity structure of assets and liabilities such that banks maintain a stable funding profile in relation to their on- and off-balance sheet activities that reduces the likelihood that disruptions to a bank’s regular sources of funding will erode its liquidity position in a way that could increase the risk of its failure. The BCBS contemplates that the NSFR, including any revisions, will be implemented by member countries as a minimum standard by January 1, 2018, with no phase-in scheduled. The EU Banking Reforms propose the introduction of a harmonized binding requirement for the NSFR across the EU that will apply two years after the date of entry into force of the amending regulation at a level of 100%.

Various elements of the LCR and the NSFR, as they are implemented by national banking regulators and complied with by the Bank, may cause changes that affect the profitability of business activities and require changes to certain business practices, which could expose the Bank to additional costs (including increased compliance costs) or have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition or results of operations. These changes may also cause the Bank to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes.

 

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The Group’s businesses are subject to inherent risks concerning borrower and counterparty credit quality which have affected and are expected to continue to affect the recoverability and value of assets on the Group’s balance sheet

The Group has exposures to many different products, counterparties and obligors and the credit quality of its exposures can have a significant effect on the Group’s earnings. Adverse changes in the credit quality of the Group’s borrowers and counterparties or collateral, or in their behavior or businesses, may reduce the value of the Group’s assets, and materially increase the Group’s write-downs and provisions for impairment losses. Credit risk can be affected by a range of factors, including an adverse economic environment, reduced consumer and/or government spending, global economic slowdown, changes in the rating of individual counterparties, the debt levels of individual contractual counterparties and the economic environment they operate in, increased unemployment, reduced asset values, increased personal or corporate insolvency levels, reduced corporate profits, changes (and the timing, quantum and pace of these changes) in interest rates, counterparty challenges to the interpretation or validity of contractual arrangements and any external factors of a legislative or regulatory nature. In recent years, the global economic crisis has driven cyclically high bad debt charges.

Non-performing or low credit quality loans have in the past and can continue to negatively affect the Bank’s results of operations. The Bank cannot assure that it will be able to effectively control the level of the impaired loans in its total loan portfolio. At present, default rates are partly cushioned by low rates of interest which have improved customer affordability, but the risk remains of increased default rates as interest rates start to rise. The timing, quantum and pace of any rise is a key risk factor. All new lending is dependent on the Group’s assessment of each customer’s ability to pay, and there is an inherent risk that the Group has incorrectly assessed the credit quality or willingness of borrowers to pay, possibly as a result of incomplete or inaccurate disclosure by those borrowers or as a result of the inherent uncertainty that is involved in the exercise of constructing models to estimate the true risk of lending to counterparties. The Group estimates and establishes reserves for credit risks and potential credit losses inherent in its credit exposure. This process, which is critical to the Group’s results and financial condition, requires difficult, subjective and complex judgments, including forecasts of how macro-economic conditions might impair the ability of borrowers to repay their loans. As is the case with any such assessments, there is always a risk that the Group will fail to adequately identify the relevant factors or that it will fail to estimate accurately the effect of these identified factors, which could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

The Group’s business is particularly vulnerable to volatility in interest rates

The Group’s results of operations are substantially dependent upon the level of its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income from interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond the Group’s control, including fiscal and monetary policies of governments and central banks, regulation of the financial sectors in the markets in which it operates, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors. Changes in market interest rates, including cases of negative reference rates, can affect the interest rates that the Group receives on its interest-earning assets differently to the rates that it pays for its interest-bearing liabilities. This may, in turn, result in a reduction of the net interest income the Group receives, which could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.

In addition, the high proportion of loans referenced to variable interest rates makes debt service on such loans more vulnerable to changes in interest rates. In addition, a rise in interest rates could reduce the demand for credit and the Group’s ability to generate credit for its clients, as well as contribute to an increase in the credit default rate. As a result of these and the above factors, significant changes or volatility in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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The Group has a substantial amount of commitments with personnel considered wholly unfunded due to the absence of qualifying plan assets

The Group’s commitments with personnel which are considered to be wholly unfunded are recognized under the heading “Provisions—Provisions for Pensions and Similar Obligations” in its consolidated balance sheets included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information please see Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Group faces liquidity risk in connection with its ability to make payments on its unfunded commitments with personnel, which it seeks to mitigate, with respect to post-employment benefits, by maintaining insurance contracts which were contracted with insurance companies owned by the Group. The insurance companies have recorded in their balance sheets specific assets (fixed interest deposit and bonds) assigned to the funding of these commitments. The insurance companies also manage derivatives (primarily swaps) to mitigate the interest rate risk in connection with the payments of these commitments. The Group seeks to mitigate liquidity risk with respect to early retirements and post-employment welfare benefits through oversight by the Assets and Liabilities Committee (“ALCO”) of the Group. The Group’s ALCO manages a specific asset portfolio to mitigate the liquidity risk resulting from the payments of these commitments. These assets are government and covered bonds which are issued at fixed interest rates with maturities matching the aforementioned commitments. The Group’s ALCO also manages derivatives (primarily swaps) to mitigate the interest rate risk in connection with the payments of these commitments. Should BBVA fail to adequately manage liquidity risk and interest rate risk either as described above or otherwise, it could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Bank is dependent on its credit ratings and any reduction of its credit ratings could materially and adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations

The Bank is rated by various credit rating agencies. The Bank’s credit ratings are an assessment by rating agencies of its ability to pay its obligations when due. Any actual or anticipated decline in the Bank’s credit ratings to below investment grade or otherwise may increase the cost of and decrease the Group’s ability to finance itself in the capital markets, secured funding markets (by affecting its ability to replace downgraded assets with better-rated ones), or interbank markets, through wholesale deposits or otherwise, harm its reputation, require it to replace funding lost due to the downgrade, which may include the loss of customer deposits, and make third parties less willing to transact business with the Group or otherwise materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, any decline in the Bank’s credit ratings to below investment grade or otherwise could breach certain agreements or trigger additional obligations under such agreements, such as a requirement to post additional collateral, which could materially adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Highly-indebted households and corporations could endanger the Group’s asset quality and future revenues

In recent years, households and businesses have reached a high level of indebtedness, particularly in Spain, which has created increased risk in the Spanish banking system. In addition, the high proportion of loans referenced to variable interest rates makes debt service on such loans more vulnerable to upward movements in interest rates and the profitability of the loans more vulnerable to interest rate decreases. Highly indebted households and businesses are less likely to be able to service debt obligations as a result of adverse economic events, which could have an adverse effect on the Group’s loan portfolio and, as a result, on its financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, the increase in households’ and businesses’ indebtedness also limits their ability to incur additional debt, reducing the number of new products that the Group may otherwise be able to sell to them and limiting the Group’s ability to attract new customers who satisfy its credit standards, which could have an adverse effect on the Group’s ability to achieve its growth plans.

 

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The Group depends in part upon dividends and other funds from subsidiaries

Some of the Group’s operations are conducted through its financial services subsidiaries. As a result, the Bank’s ability to pay dividends, to the extent the Bank decides to do so, depends in part on the ability of the Group’s subsidiaries to generate earnings and to pay dividends to BBVA. Payment of dividends, distributions and advances by the Group’s subsidiaries will be contingent upon their earnings and business considerations and is or may be limited by legal, regulatory and contractual restrictions. For instance, the repatriation of dividends from the Group’s Venezuelan and Argentinean subsidiaries have been subject to certain restrictions and there is no assurance that further restrictions will not be imposed. Additionally, the Bank’s right to receive any assets of any of the Group’s subsidiaries as an equity holder of such subsidiaries upon their liquidation or reorganization will be effectively subordinated to the claims of subsidiaries’ creditors, including trade creditors. The Group also has to comply with increased capital requirements, which could result in the imposition of restrictions or prohibitions on discretionary payments including the payment of dividends (see “—Increasingly onerous capital requirements may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations”).

Business and Industry Risks

The Group faces increasing competition in its business lines

The markets in which the Group operates are highly competitive and this trend will likely continue with new business models likely to be developed in coming years which impact is unforeseeable. In addition, the trend towards consolidation in the banking industry has created larger and stronger banks with which the Group must now compete.

The Group also faces competition from non-bank competitors, such as payment platforms, e-commerce businesses, department stores (for some credit products), automotive finance corporations, leasing companies, factoring companies, mutual funds, pension funds, insurance companies, and public debt.

There can be no assurance that this competition will not adversely affect the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Group faces risks related to its acquisitions and divestitures

The Group’s mergers and acquisitions activity involves divesting its interests in some businesses and strengthening other business areas through acquisitions. The Group may not complete these transactions in a timely manner, on a cost-effective basis or at all. Even though the Group reviews the companies it plans to acquire, it is generally not feasible for these reviews to be complete in all respects. As a result, the Group may assume unanticipated liabilities, or an acquisition may not perform as well as expected. In addition, transactions such as these are inherently risky because of the difficulties of integrating people, operations and technologies that may arise. There can be no assurance that any of the businesses the Group acquires can be successfully integrated or that they will perform well once integrated. Acquisitions may also lead to potential write-downs due to unforeseen business developments that may adversely affect the Group’s results of operations.

The Group’s results of operations could also be negatively affected by acquisition or divestiture-related charges, amortization of expenses related to intangibles and charges for impairment of long-term assets. The Group may be subject to litigation in connection with, or as a result of, acquisitions or divestitures, including claims from terminated employees, customers or third parties, and the Group may be liable for future or existing litigation and claims related to the acquired business or divestiture because either the Group is not indemnified for such claims or the indemnification is insufficient. These effects could cause the Group to incur significant expenses and could materially adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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The Group is party to lawsuits, tax claims and other legal proceedings

Due to the nature of the Group’s business, the Bank and its subsidiaries are involved in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings in jurisdictions around the world, the financial outcome of which is unpredictable, particularly where the claimants seek unspecified or undeterminable damages, or where the cases argue novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are at early stages of discovery. An adverse outcome or settlement in these proceedings could result in significant costs and may have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition, cash flows, results of operations and reputation.

In addition, responding to the demands of litigation may divert management’s time and attention and financial resources. While the Group has provisioned such risks based on its assessment of such matters and in accordance with applicable accounting rules, it is possible that losses resulting from such risks, if proceedings are decided in whole or in part adversely to the Group, could exceed the amount of provisions made for such risks, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Item 8. Financial information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal proceedings” and Note 24 to the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Group’s legal, regulatory and arbitration proceedings.

The Group’s ability to maintain its competitive position depends significantly on its international operations, which expose the Group to foreign exchange, political and other risks in the countries in which it operates, which could cause an adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations

The Group operates commercial banks and insurance and other financial services companies in various countries and its overall success as a global business depends upon its ability to succeed in differing economic, social and political conditions. The Group is particularly sensitive to developments in Mexico, the United States, Turkey and Argentina, which represented 12.63%, 11.42%, 11.61% and 1.25% of the Group’s assets as at December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Group is confronted with different legal and regulatory requirements in many of the jurisdictions in which it operates. See “— Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks—Local regulation may have a material effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows”. These include, but are not limited to, different tax regimes and laws relating to the repatriation of funds or nationalization or expropriation of assets. The Group’s international operations may also expose it to risks and challenges which its local competitors may not be required to face, such as exchange rate risk, difficulty in managing a local entity from abroad, political risk which may be particular to foreign investors and limitations on the distribution of dividends.

The Group’s presence in locations such as the Latin American markets or Turkey requires it to respond to rapid changes in market conditions in these countries and exposes the Group to increased risks relating to emerging markets. See “— Macroeconomic Risks—The Group may be materially adversely affected by developments in the emerging markets where it operates”. There can be no assurance that the Group will succeed in developing and implementing policies and strategies that are effective in each country in which it operates or that any of the foregoing factors will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Financial, Reporting and Other Operational Risks

Weaknesses or failures in the Group’s internal processes, systems and security could materially adversely affect its results of operations, financial condition or prospects, and could result in reputational damage

Operational risks, through inadequate or failed internal processes, systems (including financial reporting and risk monitoring processes) or security, or from people-related or external events, including the risk of fraud and other criminal acts carried out by Group employees or against Group companies, are present in the Group’s businesses. These businesses are dependent on processing and reporting accurately and efficiently a high volume of complex transactions across numerous and diverse products and services, in different currencies and subject to a number of different legal and regulatory regimes. Any weakness in these internal processes, systems or security could have an adverse effect on the Group’s results, the reporting of such results, and on the ability to deliver appropriate customer outcomes during the affected period. In addition, any breach in security of the Group’s systems could disrupt its business, result in the disclosure of confidential information and create significant financial and legal exposure for the Group. Although the Group devotes significant resources to maintain and regularly update its processes and systems that are designed to protect the security of its systems, software, networks and other technology assets, there is no assurance that all of its security measures will provide absolute security. Any damage to the Group’s reputation (including to customer confidence) arising from actual or perceived inadequacies, weaknesses or failures in its systems, processes or security could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The financial industry is increasingly dependent on information technology systems, which may fail, may not be adequate for the tasks at hand or may no longer be available

Banks and their activities are increasingly dependent on highly sophisticated information technology (“IT”) systems. IT systems are vulnerable to a number of problems, such as software or hardware malfunctions, computer viruses, hacking and physical damage to vital IT centers. IT systems need regular upgrading and banks, including the Bank, may not be able to implement necessary upgrades on a timely basis or upgrades may fail to function as planned. Furthermore, failure to protect financial industry operations from cyber-attacks could result in the loss or compromise of customer data or other sensitive information. These threats are increasingly sophisticated and there can be no assurance that banks will be able to prevent all breaches and other attacks on its IT systems. In addition to costs that may be incurred as a result of any failure of IT systems, banks, including the Bank, could face fines from bank regulators if they fail to comply with applicable banking or reporting regulations.

 

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BBVA’s financial statements and periodic disclosure under securities laws may not give you the same information as financial statements prepared under U.S. accounting rules and periodic disclosures provided by domestic U.S. issuers

Publicly available information about public companies in Spain is generally less detailed and not as frequently updated as the information that is regularly published by or about listed companies in the United States. In addition, although BBVA is subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the periodic disclosure required of foreign private issuers such as BBVA under the Exchange Act is more limited than the periodic disclosure required of U.S. issuers. Finally, BBVA maintains its financial accounts and records and prepares its financial statements in accordance with EU-IFRS required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004 and in compliance with IFRS-IASB, which differs in certain respects from U.S. GAAP, the financial reporting standard to which many investors in the United States may be more accustomed.

The Bank’s financial statements are based in part on assumptions and estimates which, if inaccurate, could cause material misstatement of the results of its operations and financial position

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS-IASB requires the use of estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying relevant accounting policies. The key areas involving a higher degree of judgment or complexity, or areas where assumptions are significant to the consolidated and individual financial statements, include credit impairment charges for amortized cost assets, impairment and valuation of available-for-sale investments, calculation of income and deferred tax, fair value of financial instruments, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, valuation of provisions and accounting for pensions and post-retirement benefits. There is a risk that if the judgment exercised or the estimates or assumptions used subsequently turn out to be incorrect then this could result in significant loss to the Group, beyond that anticipated or provided for, which could have an adverse effect on the Group’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Observable market prices are not available for many of the financial assets and liabilities that the Group holds at fair value and a variety of techniques to estimate the fair value are used. Should the valuation of such financial assets or liabilities become observable, for example as a result of sales or trading in comparable assets or liabilities by third parties, this could result in a materially different valuation to the current carrying value in the Group’s financial statements.

The further development of standards and interpretations under IFRS-IASB could also significantly affect the results of operations, financial condition and prospects of the Group.

 

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

BBVA’s predecessor bank, BBV, was incorporated as a limited liability company (a “sociedad anónima” or S.A.) under the Spanish Corporations Law on October 1, 1988. BBVA was formed following the merger of Argentaria into BBV, which was approved by the shareholders of each entity on December 18, 1999 and registered on January 28, 2000. It conducts its business under the commercial name “BBVA”. BBVA is registered with the Commercial Registry of Vizcaya (Spain). It has its registered office at Plaza de San Nicolás 4, Bilbao, Spain, 48005, and operates out of Calle Azul, 4, 28050, Madrid, Spain telephone number +34-91-374-6201. BBVA’s agent in the U.S. for U.S. federal securities law purposes is Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. New York Branch (1345 Avenue of the Americas, 44th Floor, New York, New York 10105 (Telephone: 212-728-1660)). BBVA is incorporated for an unlimited term.

 

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Capital Expenditures

Our principal investments are financial investments in our subsidiaries and affiliates. The main capital expenditures from 2014 to the date of this Annual Report were the following:

2017

On March 22, 2017, we acquired 41,790,000,000 shares (in the aggregate) of Garanti (amounting to 9.95% of the total issued share capital of Garanti) from Doğuş Holding A.Ş. and Doğuş Araştırma Geliştirme ve Müşavirlik Hizmetleri A.Ş., under certain agreements entered into on February 21, 2017, at a purchase price of 7.95 Turkish Liras (“TL”) per share (approximately 3,322 million TL or €859 million in the aggregate).

Following the completion of this acquisition, the shareholding structure of Garanti is approximately as follows:

 

     Shareholders’ stakes  

BBVA

     49.85

Doğuş Holding A.Ş.

     0.05

Rest

     50.10
  

 

 

 

Total

     100

2016

In 2016 there were no significant capital expenditures.

2015

Acquisition of an additional 14.89% of Garanti

On July 27, 2015, we acquired 62,538,000,000 shares (in the aggregate) of Garanti from Doğuş Holding A.Ş., Ferit Faik Şahenk, Dianne Şahenk and Defne Şahenk, under certain agreements entered into on November 19, 2014. The total price effectively paid by BBVA amounted to 8.765 TL per batch of 100 shares, amounting to approximately TL 5,481 million and €1,857 million applying a 2.9571 TL/EUR exchange rate.

Following this acquisition, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s share capital and started to fully consolidate Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements as we determined we were able to control such entity. On March 22, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti. See “— 2017” above.

In accordance with the IFRS-IASB accounting rules, at the date of achieving effective control over Garanti, BBVA had to measure at fair value its previously acquired stake of 25.01% in Garanti (classified as a joint venture accounted for under the equity method). This resulted in a negative impact in “Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net” in the consolidated income statement of the BBVA Group for the year ended December 31, 2015, which resulted, in turn, in a net negative impact in the “Profit attributable to parent company” of the BBVA Group in 2015 amounting to €1,840 million. Such accounting impact did not result in any additional cash outflow from BBVA. Most of this impact resulted from the depreciation of the TL against the Euro since the acquisition by BBVA of such stake until the date of achieving such effective control.

 

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Acquisition of Catalunya Banc

On April 24, 2015, once the necessary authorizations had been obtained and all the agreed conditions precedent had been fulfilled, BBVA announced the acquisition of 1,947,166,809 shares of Catalunya Banc, S.A. (“Catalunya Banc”) (approximately 98.4% of its share capital) for a price of approximately €1,165 million.

Previously, on July 21, 2014, the Management Commission of the FROB had accepted BBVA’s bid in the competitive auction for the acquisition of Catalunya Banc.

2014

In 2014 there were no significant capital expenditures.

Capital Divestitures

Our principal divestitures are financial divestitures in our subsidiaries and in affiliates. The main capital divestitures from 2014 to the date of this Annual Report were the following:

2016

In 2016 there were no significant capital divestitures.

2015

Sale of the participation in Citic International Financial Holdings Limited (CIFH)

On December 23, 2014, the BBVA Group signed an agreement to sell its 29.68% participation in Citic International Financial Holdings Limited ( “CIFH”) to China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited (“CNCB”). CIFH is a non-listed subsidiary of CNCB domiciled in Hong Kong. On August 27, 2015, BBVA completed the sale of this participation. The selling price of HK$8,162 million was registered under “Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations”.

Partial sale of China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited (CNCB)

On January 23, 2015, the BBVA Group signed an agreement to sell a 4.9% stake in CNCB to UBS AG, London Branch (UBS), which in turn entered into transactions pursuant to which such CNCB shares were to be transferred to a third party, with the ultimate economic benefit of ownership of such CNCB shares being transferred to Xinhu Zhongbao Co., Ltd (Xinhu) (collectively, the “Relevant Transactions”). On March 12, 2015, after having obtained the necessary approvals, BBVA completed the sale. The selling price to UBS was HK$5.73 per share, amounting to a total of HK$13,136 million, equivalent to approximately €1,555 million (with an exchange rate of €/HK$=8.45 as of the date of the closing).

In addition to the sale of this 4.9% stake, the BBVA Group made various sales of CNCB shares in the market during 2015. In total, a participation of 6.34% in CNCB was sold during 2015. The impact of these sales on the Consolidated Financial Statements of the BBVA Group was a gain, net of taxes, of approximately €705 million in 2015. This gain, gross of taxes, was recognized under “Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations” in the consolidated income statement for 2015. See Note 50 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

 

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2014

In 2014 there were no significant capital divestitures.

B. Business Overview

BBVA is a highly diversified international financial group, with strengths in the traditional banking businesses of retail banking, asset management, private banking and wholesale banking. We also have investments in some of Spain’s leading companies.

Operating Segments

Set forth below are the Group’s current seven operating segments:

 

    Banking Activity in Spain

 

    Real Estate Activity in Spain

 

    Turkey

 

    Rest of Eurasia

 

    Mexico

 

    South America

 

    United States

In addition to the operating segments referred to above, the Group has a Corporate Center which includes those items that have not been allocated to an operating segment. It includes the Group’s general management functions, including costs from central units that have a strictly corporate function; management of structural exchange rate positions carried out by the Financial Planning unit; specific issues of capital instruments to ensure adequate management of the Group’s overall capital position; proprietary portfolios such as holdings in some of Spain’s leading companies and their corresponding results; certain tax assets and liabilities; provisions related to commitments with pensioners; and goodwill and other intangibles. With respect to 2015, it also comprises the capital gains resulting from the sale of an aggregate 6.34% stake in CNCB, the effect of the valuation at fair value of the 25.01% initial stake held by BBVA in Garanti, the impact of the sale of BBVA’s 29.68% stake in CIFH and the negative goodwill generated from the acquisition of Catalunya Banc.

The information presented below as of and for the year ended December 31, 2014 has been recast to reflect our current operating segments (see “Presentation of Financial Information” and Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

The breakdown of the Group’s total assets by operating segments as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Banking Activity in Spain

     332,642        339,775        318,431  

Real Estate Activity in Spain

     13,713        17,122        17,168  

Turkey (1)

     84,866        89,003        22,342  

Rest of Eurasia

     18,980        23,469        22,325  

Mexico

     93,318        99,594        93,834  

South America

     77,918        70,661        84,364  

United States

     88,902        86,454        69,261  

Subtotal Assets by Operating Segment

     710,339        726,079        627,765  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Corporate Center and other adjustments (2)

     21,517        23,776        4,177  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets BBVA Group

     731,856        749,855        631,942  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(1)  The information as of December 31, 2014 is presented under management criteria, pursuant to which Garanti’s assets and liabilities have been proportionally integrated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti as of such dates. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)  As of December 31, 2014, other adjustments include adjustments made to account for the fact that, in the Consolidated Financial Statements, Garanti was previously accounted for using the equity method until the acquisition of an additional 14.89% rather than using the management criteria referred to above. As of December 31, 2015, there were some adjustments related to the ALCO management between the Corporate Center and the operating segments.

The following table sets forth information relating to the profit (loss) attributable to parent company by each of BBVA’s operating segments and Corporate Center for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     Profit/(Loss) Attributable to Parent
Company
    % of Profit/(Loss) Attributable to
Parent Company
 
     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2016     2015(1)     2014(1)     2016     2015(1)     2014(1)  
     (In Millions of Euros)     (In Percentage)  

Banking Activity in Spain

     912       1,085       894       21.3       23.8       22.9  

Real Estate Activity in Spain

     (595     (496     (889     (13.9     (10.9     (22.8

Turkey (2)

     599       371       310       14.0       8.2       8.0  

Rest of Eurasia

     151       75       255       3.5       1.6       6.5  

Mexico

     1,980       2,094       1,903       46.3       46.0       48.7  

South America

     771       905       1,001       18.0       19.9       25.6  

United States

     459       517       428       10.7       11.4       11.1  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Subtotal operating segments

     4,276       4,551       3,903       100.00       100.00       100.00  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Corporate Center

     (801     (1,910     (1,285      
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

Profit attributable to parent company

     3,475       2,642       2,618        
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1)  In the fourth quarter of 2015, certain operating expenses related to technology were reclassified from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment. This reclassification was a consequence of the reassignment of technology-related management competences, resources and responsibilities from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment during 2015. In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect the reclassification of these expenses.
(2)  The information for the year ended December 31, 2014 and with respect to 2015, until July 2015, is presented under management criteria, pursuant to which Garanti’s results have been proportionally integrated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti until July 2015, when the acquisition of an additional 14.89% stake in Garanti was completed and we started consolidating 100% of the Garanti group. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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The following table sets forth information relating to the income of each operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and reconciles the income statement of the various operating segments to the consolidated income statement of the Group:

 

     Operating Segments                            
     Banking
Activity
in Spain
     Real Estate
Activity in
Spain
    Turkey
(1)
     Rest of
Eurasia
     Mexico      South
America
     United
States
     Corporate
Center
    Total      Adjustments
(2) (4)
    BBVA
Group
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

2016

                             

Net interest income

     3,883        60       3,404        166        5,126        2,930        1,953        (461     17,059        —         17,059  

Gross income

     6,445        (6     4,257        491        6,766        4,054        2,706        (60     24,653        —         24,653  

Net margin before provisions (3)

     2,846        (130     2,519        149        4,371        2,160        863        (916     11,862        —         11,862  

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     1,278        (743     1,906        203        2,678        1,552        612        (1,094     6,392        —         6,392  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

     912        (595     599        151        1,980        771        459        (801     3,475        —         3,475  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

2015

                             

Net interest income

     4,001        71       2,194        183        5,387        3,202        1,811        (424     16,426        (404     16,022  

Gross income

     6,804        (28     2,434        473        7,081        4,477        2,631        (192     23,680        (318     23,362  

Net margin before provisions (3)

     3,358        (154     1,273        121        4,459        2,498        825        (1,017     11,363        (109     11,254  

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     1,548        (716     853        111        2,772        1,814        685        (1,187     5,879        (1,276     4,603  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

     1,085        (496     371        75        2,094        905        517        (1,910     2,642        —         2,642  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

2014

                             

Net interest income

     3,830        (34     735        189        4,906        4,699        1,443        (651     15,116        (734     14,382  

Gross income

     6,621        (211     944        736        6,513        5,191        2,137        (575     21,356        (631     20,725  

Net margin before provisions (3)

     3,585        (357     550        393        4,100        2,875        640        (1,380     10,405        (240     10,166  

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     1,272        (1,275     392        320        2,508        1,951        561        (1,666     4,063        (83     3,980  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

     894        (889     310        255        1,903        1,001        428        (1,285     2,618        —         2,618  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) The information for the year ended December 31, 2014 and with respect to 2015, until July 2015, is presented under management criteria, pursuant to which Garanti’s results have been proportionally integrated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti until July 2015, when the acquisition of an additional 14.89% stake in Garanti was completed and we started consolidating 100% of the Garanti group. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) Other adjustments include adjustments made to account for the fact that, until July 2015, in the Consolidated Financial Statements Garanti was accounted for using the equity method rather than using the management criteria referred to above.
(3) “Net margin before provisions” is calculated as “Gross income” less “Administration costs” and “Depreciation”.
(4) In the fourth quarter of 2015, certain operating expenses related to technology were reclassified from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment. This reclassification was a consequence of the reassignment of technology-related management competences, resources and responsibilities from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment during 2015. In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect the reclassification of these expenses.

 

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The following tables set forth information relating to the balance sheet of the main operating segments as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016  
     Banking
Activity
in Spain
     Turkey      Rest of
Eurasia
     Mexico      South
America
     United
States
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     332,642        84,866        18,980        93,318        77,918        88,902  

Loans and advances to customers

     187,313        57,941        15,709        47,938        50,333        62,000  

Of which:

                 

Residential mortgages

     81,659        6,135        2,432        8,410        11,441        12,913  

Consumer finance

     7,075        13,860        231        11,286        10,527        7,412  

Loans

     5,308        8,925        217        6,630        7,781        6,837  

Credit cards

     1,767        4,935        15        4,656        2,745        575  

Loans to enterprises

     43,418        32,732        12,340        18,684        21,495        32,864  

Loans to public sector

     18,262        —          57        3,862        685        4,594  

Total Liabilities

     321,887        75,798        17,579        89,244        73,425        84,719  

Customer deposits

     177,143        47,244        12,796        50,571        47,684        65,760  

Current and savings accounts

     98,949        9,515        4,442        31,112        23,369        49,430  

Time deposits

     67,097        33,096        8,174        7,048        20,509        13,765  

Other customer funds

     5,164        —          107        5,324        4,456        —    

Total Equity

     10,755        9,068        1,401        4,074        4,493        4,183  
     As of December 31,
2015
 
     Banking
Activity
in Spain
     Turkey      Rest of
Eurasia
     Mexico      South
America
     United
States
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     339,775        89,003        23,469        99,594        70,661        86,454  

Loans and advances to customers

     192,068        57,768        16,143        49,075        44,970        60,599  

Of which:

                 

Residential mortgages

     85,029        6,215        2,614        9,099        9,810        13,182  

Consumer finance

     6,126        14,156        322        11,588        9,278        7,364  

Loans

     4,499        9,010        305        6,550        6,774        6,784  

Credit cards

     1,627        5,146        17        5,037        2,504        580  

Loans to enterprises

     43,149        31,918        12,619        18,160        19,896        31,882  

Loans to public sector

     20,798        —          216        4,197        630        4,442  

Total Liabilities

     329,195        83,246        22,319        93,413        66,287        82,413  

Customer deposits

     185,471        47,148        15,053        49,553        41,998        63,715  

Current and savings accounts

     81,218        9,697        5,031        32,165        21,011        45,717  

Time deposits

     78,403        33,695        9,319        7,049        16,990        14,456  

Other customer funds

     14,906        —          609        5,738        4,031        —    

Total Equity

     10,581        5,757        1,150        6,181        4,374        4,041  

 

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     As of December 31,  
     2014  
     Banking
Activity
in Spain
     Turkey      Rest of
Eurasia
     Mexico      South
America
     United
States
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     318,431        22,342        22,325        93,874        84,364        69,261  

Loans and advances to customers

     174,201        13,635        15,795        46,829        52,920        49,667  

Of which:

                 

Residential mortgages

     74,508        1,413        2,779        9,272        9,622        11,876  

Consumer finance

     5,270        3,653        490        10,902        13,575        5,812  

Loans

     3,946        2,402        475        5,686        9,336        5,291  

Credit cards

     1,324        1,252        15        5,216        4,239        522  

Loans to enterprises

     37,224        7,442        11,119        16,707        20,846        25,202  

Loans to public sector

     22,833        —          234        4,295        650        3,706  

Total Liabilities

     309,216        21,839        19,138        45,937        78,395        66,052  

Customer deposits

     154,264        11,626        11,042        45,937        56,370        51,394  

Current and savings accounts

     61,437        2,151        3,221        28,014        35,268        38,863  

Time deposits

     70,521        7,860        7,341        28,014        16,340        11,231  

Other customer funds

     9,207        —          376        6,426        5,012        —    

Total Equity

     9,214        503        3,186        6,368        5,969        3,209  

Banking Activity in Spain

The Banking Activity in Spain operating segment includes all of BBVA’s banking and non-banking businesses in Spain, other than those included in the Corporate Center area and Real Estate Activity in Spain. The main business units included in this operating segment are:

 

    Spanish Retail Network: including individual customers, private banking, small companies and businesses in the domestic market;

 

    Corporate and Business Banking (CBB): which manages small and medium sized enterprises (“SMEs”), companies and corporations, public institutions and developer segments;

 

    Corporate and Investment Banking (C&IB): responsible for business with large corporations and multinational groups and the trading floor and distribution business in Spain; and

 

    Other units: which include the insurance business unit in Spain (BBVA Seguros), and the Asset Management unit, which manages Spanish mutual funds and pension funds.

 

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In addition, Banking Activity in Spain includes certain loans and advances portfolios, finance and structural euro balance sheet positions.

The following table sets forth information relating to the activity of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     332,642        339,775        318,431  

Loans and advances to customers

     187,313        192,068        174,201  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     81,659        85,029        74,508  

Consumer finance

     7,075        6,126        5,270  

Loans

     5,308        4,499        3,946  

Credit cards

     1,767        1,627        1,324  

Loans to enterprises

     43,418        43,149        37,224  

Loans to public sector

     18,262        20,798        22,833  

Customer deposits

     177,143        185,471        154,264  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     98,949        81,218        61,437  

Time deposits

     67,097        78,403        70,521  

Other customer funds

     5,164        14,906        9,207  

Assets under management

     56,147        54,504        50,497  

Of which:

        

Mutual funds

     32,648        31,484        28,444  

Pension funds

     23,448        22,897        21,879  

Other placements

     51        123        174  

Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €187,313 million, a 2.5% decrease compared with the €192,068 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a €3,370 million decrease in residential mortgages and, to a lesser extent, due to a €2,535 million decrease in loans to the public sector, partially offset by a €2,505 million increase in repurchase agreements and other loans.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €177,143 million, a 4.5% decrease compared with the €185,471 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly due to the decrease in time deposits, partially offset by an increase in current and saving accounts.

Mutual funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €32,648 million, a 3.7% increase compared with the €31,484 million recorded as of December 31, 2015. mainly as a result of increased activity during the year, encouraged by the low return on deposits and the improvement of markets. Pension funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €23,448 million, a 2.4% increase compared with the €22,897 million recorded as of December 31, 2015.

This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio decreased to 5.8% as of December 31, 2016, from 6.6% as of December 31, 2015, mainly due to the improvement in credit quality, as well as due to a strong rate of recoveries during 2016. This operating segment’s non-performing assets coverage ratio decreased to 53.4% as of December 31, 2016, from 59.5% as of December 31, 2015.

 

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Real Estate Activity in Spain

This operating segment was set up with the aim of providing specialized and structured management of the real estate assets accumulated by the Group as a result of the economic crisis in Spain. It includes primarily lending to real estate developers and foreclosed real estate assets.

The Group’s exposure to the real estate sector in Spain, including loans and advances to customers and foreclosed assets, has declined over recent years. As of December 31, 2016, the balance stood at €10,307 million, 16.8% lower than as of December 31, 2015. Non-performing assets of this segment have continued to decline and as of December 31, 2016 were 12.4% lower than as of December 31, 2015. The coverage of non-performing and potential problem loans of this segment decreased to 59.4% as of December 31, 2016, compared with 63.4% as of December 31, 2015 of the total amount of real-estate assets in this operating segment.

The number of real estate assets sold amounted to 21,554 units in 2016, 2.2% higher than in 2015.

Turkey

This operating segment reflects BBVA’s stake in the Turkish bank Garanti. Following management criteria, assets and liabilities have been proportionally integrated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti until July 2015, when we acquired an additional 14.89% and we began to fully consolidate the Garanti group. See “—History and Development of the Company—Capital expenditures—2017” for information on the new purchase agreement entered into with Doğuş Holding A.Ş. and Doğuş Araştirma Geliştirme ve Müşavirlik Hizmetleri A.Ş. on February 21, 2017.

The following table sets forth information relating to the business activity of this operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     84,866        89,003        22,342  

Loans and advances to customers

     57,941        57,768        13,635  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     6,135        6,215        1,413  

Consumer finance

     13,860        14,156        3,653  

Loans

     8,925        9,010        2,402  

Credit cards

     4,935        5,146        1,252  

Loans to enterprises

     32,732        31,918        7,442  

Loans to public sector

     —          —          —    

Customer deposits

     47,244        47,148        11,626  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     9,515        9,697        2,151  

Time deposits

     33,096        33,695        7,860  

Assets under management

     3,753        3,620        882  

Of which:

        

Mutual funds

     1,192        1,243        344  

Pension funds

     2,561        2,378        538  

 

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During 2016, the Turkish lira depreciated against the euro in average terms from 3.0246 liras/€ in 2015 to 3.3427 liras/€ in 2016. In addition, there was a year-on-year depreciation of the Turkish lira from 3.1765 liras/€ as of December 31, 2015 to 3.7072 liras/€ as of December 31, 2016. The effect of these changes on exchange rates was negative for both the year-on-year comparison of the Group’s income statement and the year-on-year comparison of the Group’s balance sheet.

Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €57,941 million, a 0.3% increase compared with the €57,768 million recorded as of December 31, 2015.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €47,244 million, a 0.2% increase compared with the €47,148 million recorded as of December 31, 2015.

Mutual funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,192 million, a 4.1% decrease compared with the €1,243 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, as a result of the depreciation of the Turkish lira. Excluding this impact, mutual funds of this operating segment increased 11.9% mainly due to the new agreement entered into with BlackRock for the management of foreign assets and other bilateral agreements which were signed with a number of distributors to actively market mutual funds. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition—Trends in Exchange Rates” for an explanation on how we have excluded the impact of changes in exchange rates.

Pension funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €2,561 million, a 7.7% increase compared with the €2,378 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, as a result of the depreciation of the Turkish lira. Excluding this impact, pension funds in this operating segment increased 25.7% as a result of the positive performance.

This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio decreased to 2.7% as of December 31, 2016 from 2.8% as of December 31, 2015. This operating segment’s non-performing assets coverage ratio decreased to 123.8% as of December 31, 2016 from 129.3% as of December 31, 2015.

Rest of Eurasia

This operating segment includes the retail and wholesale banking businesses carried out by the Group in Europe (primarily Portugal) and Asia, excluding Spain and Turkey.

The following table sets forth information relating to the business activity of this operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     18,980        23,469        22,325  

Loans and advances to customers

     15,709        16,143        15,795  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     2,432        2,614        2,779  

Consumer finance

     231        322        490  

Loans

     217        305        475  

Credit cards

     15        17        15  

Loans to enterprises

     12,340        12,619        11,119  

Loans to public sector

     57        216        234  

Customer deposits

     12,796        15,053        11,042  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     4,442        5,031        3,224  

Time deposits

     8,174        9,319        7,341  

Other customer funds

     107        609        376  

Assets under management

     366        331        466  

Of which:

        

Mutual funds

     —          —          152  

Pension funds

     366        331        314  

 

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Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €15,709 million, a 2.7% decrease compared with the €16,143 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the decrease in loans to companies and, to lesser extent, in loans to the public sector and in residential mortgages.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €12,796 million, a 15.0% decrease compared with the €15,053 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a decline in the number of branches in Europe.

Pension funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €366 million, a 10.5% increase compared with the €331 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a positive performance of the funds portfolio.

This operating segment’s non-performing assets ratio increased to 2.7% as of December 31, 2016 from 2.5% as of December 31, 2015. This operating segment’s non-performing assets coverage ratio decreased to 84.3%. as of December 31, 2016 from 96.4% as of December 31, 2015.

Mexico

The Mexico operating segment comprises the banking and insurance businesses conducted in Mexico by the BBVA Bancomer financial group.

The following table sets forth information relating to the business activity of this operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     93,318        99,594        93,874  

Loans and advances to customers

     47,938        49,075        46,829  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     8,410        9,099        9,272  

Consumer finance

     11,286        11,588        10,902  

Loans

     6,630        6,550        5,686  

Credit cards

     4,656        5,037        5,216  

Loans to enterprises

     18,684        18,160        16,707  

Loans to public sector

     3,862        4,197        4,295  

Customer deposits

     50,571        49,553        45,937  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     31,112        32,165        28,014  

Time deposits

     7,048        7,049        6,426  

Other customer funds

     5,324        5,738        6,537  

Assets under management

     23,715        21,557        22,094  

Of which:

        

Mutual funds

     16,331        17,894        18,691  

Other placements

     7,384        3,663        3,403  

 

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The Mexican peso depreciated against the euro as of December 31, 2016 compared with December 31, 2015, negatively affecting the business activity of the Mexico operating segment as of December 31, 2016 expressed in euro. See Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsOperating ResultsFactors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial ConditionTrends in Exchange Rates.

Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €47,938 million, a 2.3% decrease compared with the €49,075 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €3,945million). Excluding this impact, the change in loans and advances to customers was mainly due to an increase in loans to enterprises and, to a lesser extent, an increase in consumer loans, partially offset by a decrease in repurchase agreements and other loans.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €50,571 million, a 2.1% increase compared with the €49,553 million recorded as of December 31, 2015 mainly as a result of an overall increase in most product lines, partially offset by the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso.

Mutual funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €16,331 million, an 8.7% decrease compared with €17,894 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly due to the depreciation of the Mexican peso. Excluding the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso there was an increase of 5.1%.

This operating segment’s non-performing assets ratio decreased to 2.3% as of December 31, 2016, from 2.6% as of December 31, 2015. This operating segment non-performing assets coverage ratio increased to 127% as of December 31, 2016, from 121% as of December 31, 2015.

South America

The South America operating segment includes the BBVA Group’s banking and insurance businesses in the region.

The business units included in the South America operating segment are:

 

    Retail and Corporate Banking: includes banks in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela.

 

    Insurance: includes insurance businesses in Argentina, Chile, Colombia and Venezuela.

 

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The following table sets forth information relating to the business activity of this operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     77,918        70,661        84,364  

Loans and advances to customers

     50,333        44,970        52,920  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     11,441        9,810        9,622  

Consumer finance

     10,527        9,278        13,575  

Loans

     7,781        6,774        9,336  

Credit cards

     2,745        2,504        4,239  

Loans to enterprises

     21,495        19,896        20,846  

Loans to public sector

     685        630        650  

Customer deposits

     47,684        41,998        56,370  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     23,369        21,011        35,268  

Time deposits

     20,509        16,990        16,340  

Other customer funds

     4,456        4,031        5,012  

Assets under management

     12,800        11,449        8,480  

Of which:

        

Mutual funds

     4,859        3,793        3,848  

Pension funds

     7,043        5,936        4,632  

The period-end exchange rate against the euro of the currencies of the countries in which the BBVA Group operates in South America decreased, on average, in 2016, compared with December 2015, negatively affecting the business activity in South America. The depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar as of December 31, 2016 was particularly significant. See Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsOperating ResultsFactors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial ConditionTrends in Exchange Rates.

Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €50,333 million, a 11.9% increase compared with the €44,970 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in residential mortgages. By country, the largest increase was registered in Colombia, where the increase in loans and advances to customers were partially offset by a negative exchange rate effect.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €47,684 million, a 13.5% increase compared with the €41,998 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a positive performance in time deposits in Argentina and Colombia, partially offset by a negative exchange rate effect.

Mutual funds of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €4,859 million, a 28.1% increase compared with the €3,793 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly due to the positive performance in Argentina, Chile and Peru, which was partially offset by the significant depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar.

Pension funds in this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €7,043 million, an 18.6% increase from the €5,936 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of increased volumes in Bolivia.

 

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This operating segment’s non-performing assets ratio increased to 2.9% as of December 31, 2016, from 2.3% as of December 31, 2015, due to the weaker economic conditions in the region. This operating segment non-performing assets coverage ratio decreased to 103% as of December 31, 2016, from 123% as of December 31, 2015.

United States

This operating segment encompasses the Group’s business in the United States. BBVA Compass accounted for approximately 98% of the operating segment’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2016. Given its size in this segment, most of the comments below refer to BBVA Compass. This operating segment also includes the assets and liabilities of the BBVA office in New York, which specializes in transactions with large corporations.

The following table sets forth information relating to the business activity of this operating segment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Assets

     88,902        86,454        69,261  

Loans and advances to customers

     62,000        60,599        49,667  

Of which:

        

Residential mortgages

     12,913        13,182        11,876  

Consumer finance

     7,412        7,364        5,812  

Loans

     6,837        6,784        5,291  

Credit cards

     575        580        522  

Loans to enterprises

     32,864        31,882        25,202  

Loans to public sector

     4,594        4,442        3,706  

Customer deposits

     65,760        63,715        51,394  

Of which:

        

Current and savings accounts

     49,430        45,717        38,863  

Time deposits

     13,765        14,456        11,231  

The U.S. dollar appreciated against the euro as of December 31, 2016 compared with December 31, 2015, positively affecting the business activity of the United States operating segment expressed in euro. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Operating ResultsFactors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial ConditionTrends in Exchange Rates.

Loans and advances to customers of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €62,000 million, a 2.3% increase compared with the €60,599 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. Excluding this impact, loans and advances to customers fell due to a decrease in residential mortgages and in consumer loans.

Customer deposits of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €65,760 million, a 3.2% increase compared with the €63,715 million recorded as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. Excluding this positive impact, customer deposits decreased mainly due to a reduction in time deposits, partially offset by an increase in current and savings accounts.

This operating segment’s non-performing assets ratio increased to 1.5% as of December 31, 2016, from 0.9% as of December 31, 2015. This operating segment non-performing assets coverage ratio decreased to 94% as of December 31, 2016, from 151% as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of improvements in the Energy portfolio and by customers related to the oil and gas industry.

 

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Insurance Activity

See Note 23 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our insurance activity.

Monetary Policy

The integration of Spain into the European Monetary Union (“EMU”) on January 1, 1999 implied the yielding of monetary policy sovereignty to the Eurosystem. The “Eurosystem” is composed of the ECB and the national central banks of the 19 member countries that form the EMU.

The Eurosystem determines and executes the policy for the single monetary union of the 19 member countries of the EMU. The Eurosystem collaborates with the central banks of member countries to take advantage of the experience of the central banks in each of its national markets. The basic tasks carried out by the Eurosystem include:

 

    defining and implementing the single monetary policy of the EMU;

 

    conducting foreign exchange operations in accordance with the set exchange policy;

 

    lending to national monetary financial institutions in collateralized operations;

 

    holding and managing the official foreign reserves of the member states; and

 

    promoting the smooth operation of the payment systems.

In addition, the Treaty on the EU (“EU Treaty”) establishes a series of rules designed to safeguard the independence of the system, in its institutional as well as its administrative functions.

Supervision and Regulation

Since September 2012, significant progress has been made toward the establishment of a European banking union. Banking union is expected to be achieved through new harmonized banking rules (the single rulebook) and a new institutional framework with stronger systems for both banking supervision and resolution that will be managed at the European level. Its two main pillars are the SSM and the SRM. As a further step to a fully-fledged banking union, in November 2015, the European Commission put forward a proposal for a European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS), which intends to provide a stronger and more uniform degree of insurance cover for all retail depositors in the banking union.

Pursuant to Article 127(6) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU and the SSM Framework Regulation, the ECB is responsible for specific tasks concerning the prudential supervision of credit institutions established in participating Member States. Since 2014, it carries out these supervisory tasks within the SSM framework, composed of the ECB and the relevant national authorities. The ECB is responsible for the effective and consistent functioning of the SSM, with a view to carrying out effective banking supervision, contributing to the safety and soundness of the banking system and the stability of the financial system.

Its main aims are to:

 

    ensure the safety and soundness of the European banking system;

 

    increase financial integration and stability; and

 

    ensure consistent supervision.

The ECB, in cooperation with the relevant national supervisors, is responsible for the effective and consistent functioning of the SSM.

 

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It has the authority to:

 

    conduct supervisory reviews, on-site inspections and investigations;

 

    grant or withdraw banking licenses;

 

    assess banks’ acquisitions and disposals of qualifying holdings;

 

    ensure compliance with EU prudential rules; and

 

    set higher capital requirements (“buffers”) in order to counter any financial risks.

In addition, since November 2014, it assumed the direct supervision of the 123 significant banks of the participating countries, including Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. These banks hold almost 82% of banking assets in the Eurozone. Ongoing supervision of the significant banks is carried out by Joint Supervisory Teams (“JSTs”). Each significant bank has a dedicated JST, comprising staff of the ECB and the relevant national supervisors (in our case, the Bank of Spain).

The criteria for determining whether a bank is considered significant (and therefore whether it falls under the ECB’s direct supervision) are set out in the SSM Framework Regulation and the Regulation (EU) No. 468/2014 of the European Central Bank of April 16, 2014 establishing the framework for cooperation within the SSM between the European Central Bank and national competent authorities and with national designated authorities (the “SSM Framework Regulation”). To qualify as significant, a bank must fulfill at least one of these criteria:

 

    size: the total value of its assets exceeds €30 billion;

 

    economic importance: for the specific country or the EU economy as a whole;

 

    cross border activities: the total value of its assets exceeds €5 billion and the ratio of its cross-border assets/liabilities in more than one other participating Member State to its total assets/liabilities is above 20%; or

 

    direct public financial assistance: it has requested or received funding from the European Stability Mechanism (the “ESM”) or the European Financial Stability Facility.

The ECB can decide at any time to classify a bank as significant to ensure that high supervisory standards are applied consistently.

The ECB indirectly supervises banks that are not considered significant (also known as “less significant” institutions), which continue to be supervised by their national supervisors, in close cooperation with the ECB. See “—Bank of Spain” below for an explanation of the tasks to be performed by the Bank of Spain.

Bank of Spain

The Bank of Spain was established in 1962 as a public law entity (entidad de derecho público) that operates as Spain’s autonomous central bank. In addition, it has the ability to function as a private bank. Except in its public functions, the Bank of Spain’s relations with third parties are governed by private law, and its actions are subject to the civil and business law codes and regulations.

Until January 1, 1999, the Bank of Spain was also the sole entity responsible for implementing Spanish monetary policy. For a description of monetary policy since the introduction of the euro, see “—Monetary Policy”.

Since January 1, 1999, the Bank of Spain has performed the following basic functions attributed to the Eurosystem:

 

    defining and implementing the Eurosystem’s monetary policy, with the principal aim of maintaining price stability across the Eurozone;

 

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    conducting currency exchange operations consistent with the provisions of Article 219 of the EU Treaty, and holding and managing the Member States’ official currency reserves;

 

    promoting the sound working of payment systems in the Eurozone; and

 

    issuing legal tender banknotes.

Recognizing the foregoing functions as a fully-fledged member of the Eurosystem, the Bank of Spain Law of Autonomy (Ley de Autonomía del Banco de España) stipulates the performance of the following functions by the Bank of Spain:

 

    holding and managing currency and precious metal reserves not transferred to the ECB;

 

    promoting the proper working and stability of the financial system and, without prejudice to the functions of the ECB, the proper working of the national payment systems, providing emergency liquidity assistance (ELA);

 

    promoting the sound working and stability of the financial system and, without prejudice to the functions of the ECB, of national payment systems;

 

    placing coins in circulation and the performance, on behalf of the State, of all such other functions entrusted to it in this connection;

 

    preparing and publishing statistics relating to its functions, and assisting the ECB in the compilation of the necessary statistical information;

 

    providing treasury services and acting as financial agent for government debt;

 

    advising the government, preparing the appropriate reports and studies; and

 

    exercising all other powers attributed to it by legislation.

As indicated above, on November 4, 2014 the ECB assumed responsibility for the supervision of Eurozone banks, following a year-long preparatory phase that included an in-depth examination of the resilience and balance sheets of the largest banks in the Eurozone. For all the banks not supervised directly by the ECB, around 3,500 banks, the ECB will also set and monitor the relevant supervisory standards and work closely with the national competent authorities in the supervision of these banks.

The ECB has set up homogenous criteria for all the supervised institutions under the SSM and has assumed decision-making power. National authorities, such as the Bank of Spain, provide their knowledge on their financial systems and the entities located in their jurisdictions. Therefore, the role of the Bank of Spain continues to be relevant for financial entities located in Spain. In particular, the Bank of Spain’s tasks include the following:

 

    it collaborates with the ECB in the supervision of significant entities through its participation in the JSTs of the relevant Spanish banks, and has a leading role in the on-site inspections;

 

    the Bank of Spain supervises directly the less significant Spanish banks. The ECB’s indirect supervision of these entities is focused on the homogenization of supervisory criteria and reception of information;

 

    there are several supervisory competences over banking entities, for example money laundering and terrorist financing, customer protection and certain aspects of the monitoring of the financial markets that are out of the scope of the SSM and remain under the purview of the Bank of Spain;

 

    the Bank of Spain participates in certain administrative processes controlled by the ECB, such as the granting or withdrawal of licenses and the application of fit and proper tests to members of the board and senior management of Spanish banks, and supports the ECB in cross-border tasks such as the definition of policies, methodologies or crisis management;

 

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    the Bank of Spain continues to supervise other institution such as appraisal companies or specialist credit institutions, e-money issuing entities, mutual guarantee and re-guarantee companies; and

 

    the Bank of Spain participates in the governing bodies of the SSM contributing to the adoption of decisions affecting all credit institutions located in the Eurozone.

Single Resolution Fund

The Single Resolution Fund (the “Fund”) was established pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 806/2014 as a single financing arrangement for all the Member States participating in the SSM.

The Fund should be used in resolution procedures where the Single Resolution Board (“SRB”) considers it necessary to ensure the effective application of the resolution tools. The Fund should have adequate financial resources to allow for an effective functioning of the resolution framework by being able to intervene, where necessary, for the effective application of the resolution tools and to protect financial stability without recourse to taxpayers’ money.

The SRB should calculate the annual contributions to the Fund on the basis of a single target level established as 1% of the amount of covered deposits of all of the credit institutions authorized in all of the participating Member States. The SRB should ensure that the available financial means of the Fund reach at least the target level by the end of an initial period of eight years from January 1, 2016. The annual contribution to the Fund should be based on a flat contribution determined on the basis of an institution’s liabilities excluding own funds and covered deposits and a risk-adjusted contribution depending on the risk profile of that institution.

Deposit Guarantee Fund of Credit Institutions

The Deposit Guarantee Fund of Credit Institutions (Fondo de Garantía de Depósitos or “FGD”), which operates under the guidance of the Bank of Spain, was set up by virtue of Royal Decree-Law 16/2011, of October 14. It is an independent legal entity and enjoys full authority to fulfill its functions. Royal Decree-Law 16/2011 unified the three previous guarantee funds that existed in Spain: the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Saving Banks, the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Credit Entities and the Deposit Guarantee Fund of Banking Establishments.

The main objective of the FGD is to guarantee deposits and securities held by credit institutions, up to the limit of €100,000. It also has the authority to carry out any such actions necessary to reinforce the solvency and operation of credit institutions in difficulty, with the purpose of defending the interests of depositors and deposit guarantee funds.

In order to fulfill its purposes, the FGD receives annual contributions from member credit institutions. The current annual contribution requirement is €2 for every €1,000 guaranteed deposits held by the respective member institution as of year-end. The Minister of the Economy and Finance is authorized to reduce the contributions when the FGD’s equity is considered sufficient to meet its needs. Moreover, it may suspend contributions when the FGD’s total equity reaches 1% of the calculation base of the contributions of the member institutions as a whole. Under certain circumstances defined by law, there may be extraordinary contributions from the institutions, and the European Central Bank may also require exceptional contributions of an amount set by law.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 all of the Spanish banks belonging to the BBVA Group were members of the FGD and were thus obligated to make annual contributions to it.

Investment Guarantee Fund

Royal Decree 948/2001, of August 3, regulates investor guarantee schemes (Fondo de Garantía de Inversores) related to both investment firms and to credit institutions. These schemes are set up through an investment guarantee fund for securities broker and broker-dealer firms and the deposit guarantee funds already in place for credit institutions. A series of specific regulations have also been enacted, defining the system for contributing to the funds.

 

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The General Investment Guarantee Fund Management Company was created in a relatively short period of time and is a business corporation with capital in which all the fund members hold an interest. Member firms must make a joint annual contribution to the fund equal to 0.06% over the 5% of the securities that they hold on their client’s behalf. However, it is foreseen that these contributions may be reduced if the fund reaches a level considered to be sufficient.

Liquidity Requirements – Minimum Reserve Ratio

The legal framework for the minimum reserve ratio is set out in Regulation (EC) No. 2818/98 of the ECB of December 1, 1998 on the application of minimum reserves (ECB/1998/15). The reserve coefficient for overnight deposits, deposits with agreed maturity or period of notice up to two years, debt securities issued with maturity up to two years and money market paper is 1%. For deposits with agreed maturity or period of notice over two years, repos and debt securities issued with maturity over two years there is no required reserve coefficient.

Investment Ratio

In the past, the government used the investment ratio to allocate funds among specific sectors or investments. As part of the liberalization of the Spanish economy, it was gradually reduced to a rate of zero percent as of December 31, 1992. However, the law that established the ratio has not been abolished and the government could re-impose the ratio, subject to applicable EU requirements.

Capital Requirements

In December 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the “Basel Committee”) proposed a number of fundamental reforms to the regulatory capital framework for internationally active banks (the “Basel III capital reforms”). The Basel III capital reforms raised the quantity and quality of capital required to be held by a financial institution with an emphasis on Common Equity Tier 1 capital (the “CET1 capital”) and introduced an additional requirement for both a capital conservation buffer and a countercyclical buffer to be met with CET1 capital.

As a Spanish credit institution, we are subject to the CRD IV Directive, through which the EU began implementing the Basel III capital reforms, with effect from January 1, 2014, with certain requirements in the process of being phased in until January 1, 2019. The core regulation regarding the solvency of credit entities is the CRR, which is complemented by several binding regulatory technical standards, all of which are directly applicable in all EU Member States, without the need for national implementation measures. The implementation of CRD IV Directive into Spanish law has taken place through RD-L 14/2013, Law 10/2014, RD 84/2015, Bank of Spain Circular 2/2014 and Bank of Spain Circular 2/2016. On November 23, 2016, the European Commission published a package of proposals, the EU Banking Reforms, including measures to increase the resilience of EU institutions and enhance financial stability.

Among other things, CRD IV established minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements both on a consolidated and individual basis (which includes a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% and a total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets). Additionally, CRD IV increased the level of capital required by means of a “combined buffer requirement” that entities must comply with from 2016 onwards. The “combined buffer requirement” has introduced five new capital buffers: (i) the capital conservation buffer, (ii) the G-SIB buffer, (iii) the institution-specific countercyclical buffer, (iv) the D-SIB buffer and (v) the systemic risk buffer. The “combined buffer requirement” applies in addition to the minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements and is required to be satisfied with CET1 capital.

The combination of the capital conservation buffer, the institution-specific countercyclical buffer and the higher of (depending on the institution) the systemic risk buffer, the G-SIB buffer and the D-SIB buffer, in each case (if applicable to the relevant institution—in the event that the systemic risk buffer only applies to local exposures, such buffer is added to the higher of the G-SIB buffer or the D-SIB buffer) is referred to as the “combined buffer requirement”. This “combined buffer requirement” is in addition to the “Pillar 1” and the “Pillar 2” capital requirements and is required to be satisfied with CET1 capital.

 

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The G-SIB buffer applies to those institutions included on the list of G-SIBs, which is updated annually by the FSB. We have been excluded from this list with effect from January 1, 2017 and so, unless otherwise indicated by the FSB (or the Bank of Spain) in the future, we will not be required to maintain a G-SIB buffer any longer.

The Bank of Spain announced on November 7, 2016 that we will continue to be considered a D-SIB, and consequently we will be required to maintain during 2017 a D-SIB buffer of a CET1 capital ratio of 0.75% on a consolidated basis. The D-SIB buffer is being phased-in from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2019, and the D-SIB buffer applicable to BBVA for 2017 is a CET1 capital ratio of 0.375% on a consolidated basis.

Moreover, Article 104 of the CRD IV Directive, as implemented by Article 68 of Law 10/2014, and similarly Article 16 of the SSM Framework Regulation, also contemplate that in addition to the minimum “Pillar 1” capital requirements and the combined buffer requirements, supervisory authorities may impose (above “Pillar 1” requirements and below the combined buffer requirements) further “Pillar 2” capital requirements to cover other risks, including those not considered to be fully captured by the minimum “own funds” “Pillar 1” requirements under CRD IV or to address macro-prudential considerations.

Accordingly, any additional “Pillar 2” own funds requirement that may be imposed on us and/or the Group by the ECB pursuant to the SREP will require us and/or the Group to hold capital levels in addition to the ones required by the “Pillar 1” capital requirements and the combined buffer requirements.

As a result of the most recent SREP carried out by the ECB in 2016, we have been informed by the ECB that, effective from January 1, 2017, we are required to maintain (i) a CET1 phased-in capital ratio of 7.625% (on a consolidated basis) and 7.25% (on an individual basis); and (ii) a phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125% (on a consolidated basis) and 10.75% (on an individual basis).

This phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125% on a consolidated basis includes (i) the minimum CET1 capital ratio required under “Pillar 1” (4.5%); (ii) the “Pillar 1” Additional Tier 1 capital requirement (1.5%); (iii) the “Pillar 1” Tier 2 capital requirement (2%); (iv) the additional CET1 capital requirement under “Pillar 2” (1.5%); (v) the capital conservation buffer (1.25% CET1); and (vi) the D-SIB buffer (0.375% CET1).

According to Article 48 of Law 10/2014, Article 73 of RD 84/2015 and Rule 24 of Bank of Spain Circular 2/2016, any entity not meeting its “combined buffer requirement” is required to determine its MDA as described therein. Until the MDA has been calculated and communicated to the Bank of Spain, where applicable, the relevant entity will be subject to restrictions on (i) distributions relating to CET1 capital, (ii) payments in respect of variable remuneration or discretionary pension revenues and (iii) distributions relating to Additional Tier 1 Instruments (“discretionary payments”) and, thereafter, any such discretionary payments by that entity will be subject to such MDA limit. Furthermore, as set forth in Article 48 of Law 10/2014, the adoption by the Bank of Spain of the measures prescribed in Articles 68.2.h) and 68.2.i) of Law 10/2014, aimed at strengthening own funds or limiting or prohibiting the distribution of dividends respectively will also restrict the discretionary payments to such MDA. See “Item 3 Key Information —Risk Factors—Legal, Regulatory and Compliance Risks–Increasingly onerous capital requirements may have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s business, financial condition and results of operations” for additional information.

Capital Management

Basel Capital Accord - Economic Capital

The Group’s capital management is performed at both the regulatory and economic levels.

Regulatory capital management is based on the analysis of the capital base and the capital ratios (core capital, Tier 1, etc.) using Basel (“BIS”) and the CRR. See Note 32 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The aim is to achieve a capital structure that is as efficient as possible in terms of both cost and compliance with the requirements of regulators, ratings agencies and investors. Active capital management includes securitizations, sales of assets, and preferred and subordinated issues of equity and hybrid instruments. In recent years we have taken various actions in connection with our capital management and in order to comply with various capital requirements applicable to us. We may make securities issuances or undertake asset sales in the future, which could

 

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involve outright sales of businesses or reductions in interests held by us, which could be material and could be undertaken at less than their respective book values, resulting in material losses thereon, in connection with our capital management and in order to comply with capital requirements or otherwise.

The Bank has obtained the Bank of Spain’s approval with respect to its internal model of capital estimation (“IRB”) concerning certain portfolios and its operational risk internal model.

From an economic standpoint, capital management seeks to optimize value creation at the Group and at its different business units.

The Group allocates economic capital (“CER”) commensurate with the risks incurred by each business. This is based on the concept of unexpected loss at a certain level of statistical confidence, depending on the Group’s targets in terms of capital adequacy. The CER calculation combines lending risk, market risk (including structural risk associated with the balance sheet and equity positions), operational risk and fixed asset and technical risks in the case of insurance companies.

Stockholders’ equity, as calculated under BIS rules, is an important metric for the Group. However, for the purpose of allocating capital to operating segments the Group prefers CER. It is risk-sensitive and thus better reflects management policies for the individual businesses and the business portfolio. These provide an equitable basis for assigning capital to businesses according to the risks incurred and make it easier to compare returns.

To internal effects of management and pursuit of the operating segments, the Group realizes a capital allocation to each operating segment.

Concentration of Risk

The Bank of Spain regulates the concentration of risk. Since January 1, 1999, any exposure to a person or group exceeding 10% of a group’s or bank’s regulatory capital has been deemed a concentration. The total amount of exposure represented by all of such concentrations may not exceed 800% of regulatory capital. Exposure to a single person or group may not exceed 25% (20% in the case of non-consolidated companies of the economic group) of a bank’s or group’s regulatory capital.

Legal and Other Restricted Reserves

We are subject to the legal and other restricted reserves requirements applicable to Spanish companies. Please see “—Capital Requirements”.

Impairment on Financial Assets

For a discussion of provisions for loan losses and country risk, see Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Regulation of the Disclosure of Fees and Interest Rates

Banks must publish their preferential rates, rates applied on overdrafts, and fees and commissions charged in connection with banking transactions. Banking clients must be provided with written disclosure adequate to permit customers to ascertain transaction costs. The foregoing regulations are enforced by the Bank of Spain in response to bank client complaints.

Law 44/2002, of November 22, concerning measures to reform the Spanish financial system, contained a rule concerning the calculation of variable interest applicable to loans and credit secured by mortgages, bails, pledges or any other equivalent guarantee.

 

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Employee Pension Plans

Under the relevant collective labor agreements, BBVA and some of its subsidiaries provide supplemental pension payments to certain active and retired employees and their beneficiaries. These payments supplement social security benefits from the Spanish state. See Note 2.2.12 and Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Dividends

A bank may generally dedicate all of its net profits and its distributable reserves to the payment of dividends. In no event may dividends be paid from non-distributable reserves. For additional information see “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends”.

Although banks are not legally required to seek prior approval from the Bank of Spain or the ECB before declaring interim dividends, we inform them on a voluntary basis upon the declaration of an interim dividend. It should be noted that the ECB recommendation dated December 13, 2016 addressed to, among others, significant supervised entities and significant supervised groups, such as BBVA and its Group, recommends credit institutions to establish dividend policies using conservative and prudent assumptions so that, after any such distribution, they are able to satisfy the applicable capital requirements and any other requirements resulting from the supervisory review and evaluation process (SREP).

Since January 1, 2016, according to CRD IV, those credit entities required to calculate their MDA will be subject to restrictions on discretionary payments, which includes, among others, dividend payments. See “—Capital Requirements”.

Our Bylaws allow for dividends to be paid in cash or in kind as determined by shareholders’ resolution.

Scrip Dividend

As in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, during 2016 a scrip dividend scheme called “Dividend Option” was approved by the annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 11, 2016. The BBVA annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 17, 2017 passed one resolution adopting a capital increase to be charged to voluntary reserves for the implementation of a “Dividend Option” in 2017. This resolution allows BBVA to implement, depending on the results of BBVA, the market conditions, the regulatory framework and the recommendations regarding dividends that may be adopted, one “Dividend Option” during 2017.

Upon the execution of such capital increase to be charged to voluntary reserves, BBVA shareholders will have the option, at their own free choice, to receive all or part of their remuneration in newly issued ordinary shares of BBVA or in cash. For additional information on the “Dividend Option” scheme, including its tax implications, see “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—Spanish Tax Considerations—Taxation of Dividends—Scrip Dividend” and “Item 10. Additional Information—Taxation—U.S. Tax Considerations—Taxation of Distributions”.

The “Dividend Option” is implemented as an alternative remuneration scheme for BBVA shareholders with the aim to provide BBVA shareholders with a flexible option to receive all or part of their remuneration in newly issued ordinary shares of the Bank, whilst always maintaining the possibility to choose to receive the entire remuneration in cash.

BBVA’s Board of Directors, at its March 17, 2017 meeting, approved the execution of the capital increase approved by the BBVA annual general meeting of shareholders held on March 17, 2017 in connection with the implementation of a “Dividend Option” on the terms provided therein. The maximum number of new ordinary shares that may be issued as a consequence of the execution of the capital increase is 121,603,985 which is expected to become effective on April 26, 2017.

Limitations on Types of Business

Spanish banks are subject to certain limitations on the types of businesses in which they may engage directly, but they are subject to few limitations on the types of businesses in which they may engage indirectly.

 

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Mortgage Legislation

Law 2/1981, of March 25, on mortgage market, as amended by Law 41/2007, regulates the different aspects of the Spanish mortgage market and establishes additional rules for the mortgage and financial system.

Royal Decree 716/2009, of April 24, implemented several aspects of Law 2/1981, of March 25. The most significant aspect implemented by Royal Decree 716/2009 was the modification on the loan-to-value ratio requirement intending to improve the quality of Spanish mortgage-backed securities.

Increasing social pressure for the reform of mortgage legislation in Spain has resulted in changes to such legislation, which are described below.

Royal Decree 6/2012, of March 9, on urgent measures to protect mortgage debtors without financial resources introduced measures to enable the restructuring of mortgage debt and easing of collateral foreclosure aimed to protect especially vulnerable debtors.

Such measures include the following:

 

    the moderation of interest rates charged on mortgage arrears;

 

    the improvement of extrajudicial procedures as an alternative to legal foreclosure;

 

    the introduction of a voluntary code of conduct among lenders for regulated mortgage debt restructuring affecting especially vulnerable debtors; and

 

    where restructuring is unviable, lenders may, where appropriate and on an optional basis, offer the debtor partial debt forgiveness.

In addition, Royal Decree 27/2012, of November 15, on urgent measures to enhance the protection of mortgage debtors provided for a two-year moratorium, from the date of its adoption, on evictions applicable to debtor groups especially susceptible to social exclusion, which may remain at their homes for such period.

Law 1/2013, of May 14, on measures to protect mortgagees, debt restructuring and social rents, introduced important modifications to mortgage law and civil procedure law. The most relevant modifications are:

 

    extension of the two-year moratorium, established by Royal Decree 27/2012, until May 15, 2015;

 

    broadening the potential beneficiaries of the moratorium of Royal Decree 6/2012;

 

    limitation of the interest rates applied for delay or arrears;

 

    in the context of an auction, the base value of the property shall be the value set forth in the relevant mortgage deed and in no case shall it be less than 75% of the official appraisal value of the property;

 

    the possibility of suspension of enforcement proceedings when the loan or credit facility secured by the mortgage contains abusive clauses; and

 

    modification of the out-of-court notarial procedure.

Royal Decree 11/2014, following the judgment of the EU Court of Justice of July 17, 2014 regarding Spanish foreclosure processes, allows debtors to appeal against a court’s resolution which rejects his or her opposition to the execution of a mortgage.

The Mortgage Credit Directive 2014/17/EU on credit agreements for consumers relating to residential immovable property was adopted on February 4, 2014. This Directive aims to create a Union-wide mortgage credit market with a high level of consumer protection. It applies to both secured credit and home loans. Member States will have to transpose its provisions into their national law by March 2016.

 

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The most recent development regarding mortgage legislation in Spain is the approval by the Spanish government of Royal Decree-Law 1/2015 of February 27 on the “second chance” mechanism. The Royal Decree, although already in force, needs to be passed as law by Parliament, which is expected to take place through the emergency procedure in the next few days. During this process, amendments may be made to the current text. The main purpose of the Royal Decree is to regulate the “second chance” mechanism. This allows an individual who has been declared bankrupt to be discharged of outstanding obligations as long as he or she fulfills certain requirements: (i) the bankruptcy proceedings must have concluded, (ii) the debtor must have acted in good faith, the Royal Decree being restrictive as to when a debtor is considered to have acted in good faith, and (iii) the bankruptcy judge has to approve the terms of the discharge (and may revoke his or her approval under certain circumstances upon request of any creditor in the following five years). Discharge from mortgage obligations would only apply to the outstanding debts after the foreclosure, as long as such debts are considered ordinary or subordinate according to the Spanish Insolvency Law. Co-debtors and guarantors, if any, would remain liable.

Law 25/2015, of July 28, on the “second chance” mechanism, superseded Royal Decree Law 1/2015 and introduced certain changes to its content, including the introduction of a fee protection account for insolvency managers, limits on the remuneration of insolvency managers and the introduction of greater flexibility to a number of elements of the “second chance” mechanism.

Mutual Fund Regulation

Law 22/2014 of November 12, introduced a new legal regime for private investment entities in order to incorporate (i) Directive 2011/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8 on Alternative Investment Fund Managers, and (ii) Directive 2013/14/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 21.

Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act

The consolidated text of the Corporate Enterprises Act adopted under Legislative Royal Decree 1/2010, of July 2, repealed the former Companies Act, adopted under Legislative Royal Decree 1564/1989, of December 22. This royal legislative decree has consolidated the legislation for joint stock companies (sociedades anónimas) and limited liability companies (sociedades de responsabilidad limitada) in a single text, bringing together the contents of the two aforementioned acts, as well as a part of the Securities Exchange Act.

Law 25/2011 of August 1, partially amended the Corporate Enterprises Act and incorporated Directive 2007/36/EC, of July 11, on the exercise of certain rights of shareholders in listed companies.

In addition, the Entrepreneur Act (Law 14/2013) and an amendment to the Insolvency Act (Legislative Royal Decree 11/2014) introduced some modifications on the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act. Also, an amendment on corporate governance was introduced by Law 31/2014 of December 3. The main changes introduced by this law are related to the rights of shareholders (assistance, information and voting), the calling of a general shareholders’ meeting and the duties of the board of directors and the audit committee, appointments committee and remuneration committee.

Spanish Auditing Law

Law 12/2010, of June 30, amended Law 19/1988, of July 12, on Accounts Audit, Law 24/1988, of July 28, on Securities Exchanges and the consolidated text of the former Companies Act adopted by Legislative Royal Decree 1564/1989, of December 22 (currently, the Corporate Enterprises Act), for its adaptation to EU regulations. This law transposed Directive EU/2006/43 which regulates aspects, among others, related to: authorization and registry of auditors and auditing companies, confidentiality and professional secrecy which the auditors may observe, rules on independency and liability as well as certain rules on the composition and functions of the auditing committee. The Royal Decree 1/2011, of July 1, approved the consolidated text of the Accounts Audit Law 12/2010 and repealed Law 19/1988, of July 12. Law 12/2010 was subsequently amended by Law 22/2015, including, among other matters, with respect to the requirements applicable to audit firms.

 

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Law 11/2015 of June 18, on the recovery and resolution of credit institutions and investment firms

Law 11/2015 transposes a very important part of EU Law into Spanish law in respect of the recovery and resolution mechanisms for credit institutions and investment firms (the “institutions”). It further assumes many of the provisions of Law 9/2012 of November 14, 2012 on the restructuring and resolution of credit institutions, which it partially repeals.

The regime set in place constitutes a special and full administrative procedure that seeks to ensure maximum speed in the intervention of an institution so as to provide for the continuity of its core functions, while minimizing the impact of its non-viability on the economic system and on public resources.

Compared to Law 9/2012, Law 11/2015 regulates internal recapitalization as a resolution instrument conceived as a “bail-in” arrangement (the absorption of losses by the shareholders and by the creditors of an institution under resolution).

The internal recapitalization is a new resolution instrument, since the loss-absorption mechanism makes it extensive to all the institution’s creditors, and not only to the shareholders and the subordinated creditors as envisaged under Law 9/2012 of November 14, 2012.

In this respect, liabilities eligible for the bail-in are all the institution’s liabilities that are not expressly excluded or have not been excluded further to a decision by the FROB. These liabilities shall be susceptible to amortization or conversion into capital for the internal recapitalization of the institution concerned. Among the liabilities excluded are deposits guaranteed by the Deposit Guarantee Fund (up to €100,000) and liabilities incurred with employees, trade creditors and the tax or social security authorities.

Certain changes were made to the regime applicable in the event of the insolvency of an institution, in order to provide greater protection to the deposits of individuals and SMEs. In this respect, the following shall be considered as privileged credits: (i) deposits guaranteed by the Deposit Guarantee Fund (maximum of €100,000) and the rights to which they may have been subrogated should the guarantee have been made effective and (ii) the portion of the deposits of individuals and SMEs that exceeds the guaranteed level, and those deposits of those individuals and SMEs that would be guaranteed had they not been set up in branches located outside the EU.

For additional information on Law 11/2015, see “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Bail-in and write-down powers under the BRRD may adversely affect our business and the value of any securities we may issue”.

Royal Decree 1012/2015 of November 6, on development of Law on recovery and resolution of credit entities and investment firms and modification of Royal Decree on deposit guarantee funds of credit entities

Royal Decree 1012/2015 partially transposes the BRRD and develops Law 11/2015 (described above).

Royal Decree 1012/2015 includes a package of measures aimed at: (i) establishing the criteria for the application of the regulation for the resolution of credit entities, (ii) establishing the content of the recovery and resolution plans for credit entities, (iii) regulating the use of the resolution instruments set in Law 11/2015, and in particular, the actions to be carried out by the FROB, (iv) establishing the regime applicable to the FROB in connection with the managing of the funds addressed to finance the resolution procedures and to the contributions that credit entities must make to the National Resolution Fund and, (v) establishing the regime applicable to the resolution of cross border entities.

Law 5/2015 of April 27, on promoting corporate financing

Among other matters, Law 5/2015 establishes a number of changes to encourage bank financing to SMEs, sets out the new legal framework for financial credit entities and regulates crowd funding. Law 5/2015 has also introduced amendments on other matters, including securitizations and debt issuance. It consolidates into one piece of legislation what has, until now, been a dispersed legal framework on securitization.

 

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Law 5/2015 imposes an obligation on credit institutions to provide SMEs at least three months prior notice in the event the funding flow to an SME is to be cancelled or reduced by at least 35%. In so doing, the law aims to provide SMEs sufficient time to find new funding sources or to adjust the management of their own funds to avoid sudden liquidity deficiencies.

The main novelties of this new regime are the following: (i) private limited liability companies (sociedades limitadas or S.L.s) can issue and guarantee standard debt securities issuances capped at twice their own funds, (ii) the quantitative limit on debt issuances by non-listed public limited liability companies (sociedades anónimas or S.A.s) is removed. (iii) the management body of an issuer is authorized to approve standard debt securities issuances which do not yield part of the profits, unless stated otherwise in the issuer’s articles of association and (iv) it is clarified that it is unnecessary to appoint a commissioner and set up a syndicate of bondholders in debt issuances governed by foreign law and aimed at international markets.

U.S. Regulation

The legislative, regulatory and supervisory framework in the United States governing the financial services sector has undergone significant and rapid change since the financial crisis. Moreover, the intensity of supervisory and regulatory scrutiny has also increased. While most of the changes required by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) that impact BBVA and its subsidiaries have been implemented or are expected to follow a known trajectory, new changes under the Trump administration, including their nature and impact, cannot yet be determined with any degree of certainty.

The Dodd-Frank Act addresses, among other issues, systemic risk oversight, bank capital standards, the resolution of failing systemically significant U.S. financial institutions, over-the-counter derivatives, restrictions on the ability of banking entities to engage in proprietary trading activities and invest in certain private equity funds, hedge funds and other covered funds (known as the “Volcker Rule”), consumer and investor protection, hedge fund registration, municipal advisor registration and regulation, securitization, investment advisor registration and regulation and the role of credit-rating agencies.

While U.S. regulators have implemented many provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act through detailed rulemaking, full implementation will require additional rulemaking and uncertainty remains about the final details, impact and timing of a number of rules.

Financial Regulatory Authorities

BBVA is a bank holding company within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHC Act”). As such, BBVA is subject to the regulation and supervision of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). BBVA’s direct and indirect activities and investments in the United States are limited to banking activities and certain non-banking activities that are “closely related to banking,” as determined by the Federal Reserve, and certain other activities permitted under the BHC Act. BBVA also is required to obtain the prior approval of the Federal Reserve before acquiring, directly or indirectly, the ownership or control of more than 5% of any class of voting securities of any U.S. bank or bank holding company.

A bank holding company is required to act as a source of financial strength for its U.S. bank subsidiaries. Among other things, this source of strength obligation may result in a requirement for BBVA, as controlling shareholder, to inject capital into its U.S. bank subsidiary.

BBVA’s U.S. bank subsidiary, Compass Bank (“Compass Bank”), and BBVA’s New York branch are subject to supervision and regulation by a variety of U.S. regulatory agencies. In addition to supervision by the Federal Reserve, BBVA’s New York branch is licensed and supervised by the New York State Department of Financial Services. Compass Bank is an Alabama state-chartered bank, is a member of the Federal Reserve System, and has branches in Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas. Compass Bank is supervised and examined by the Federal Reserve, the State of Alabama Banking Department and, with respect to consumer financial laws and regulations, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. In addition, certain aspects of Compass Bank’s branch operations in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, New Mexico, and Texas are subject to examination by the respective state banking regulators in such states. Compass Bank is also a depository institution insured by, and subject to the regulation of, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”).

 

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Compass Bank is a direct subsidiary of BBVA Compass Bancshares, Inc. (“Compass Bancshares”). Compass Bancshares is a bank holding company within the meaning of the BHC Act and is subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve.

BBVA Bancomer, S.A.’s agency office in Houston, Texas is a non-FDIC insured agency office of BBVA Bancomer, S.A., an indirect subsidiary of BBVA, which is licensed under the laws of the State of Texas and supervised by the Texas Department of Banking and the Federal Reserve.

Bancomer Transfer Services, Inc., a non-banking affiliate of BBVA and a direct subsidiary of BBVA Bancomer USA, Inc., is licensed as a money transmitter by the State of California Department of Financial Institutions, the Texas Department of Banking, and certain other state regulatory agencies. Bancomer Transfer Services, Inc. is also registered as a money services business with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the U.S. Department of the Treasury.

BBVA’s indirect U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, BBVA Securities Inc. (“BSI”), is subject to regulation and supervision by the SEC and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) with respect to its securities activities, as well as various U.S. state regulatory authorities. Additionally, the securities underwriting and dealing activities of BSI are subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. On December 19, 2016, BBVA and BSI entered into a consent order with the Federal Reserve under which they agreed to pay a $27 million civil money penalty for BSI engaging in activities contrary to its commitments under the authorizing order and BBVA directly engaging in impermissible underwriting and dealing activities.

The activities of BBVA’s U.S. investment adviser affiliates are regulated and supervised by the SEC. In addition, Compass Bank has registered with the SEC and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board as a municipal advisor pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act’s municipal advisor registration requirements.

BBVA’s U.S. insurance agency affiliate is subject to regulation and supervision by various U.S. state insurance regulatory authorities.

BBVA is registered as a “swap dealer” (as defined in the Commodity Exchange Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder) under Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act, which subjects BBVA to regulation and supervision by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). BBVA’s world-wide swap activities are also subject to regulations adopted by the European Commission pursuant to the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (“EMIR”) and the EU’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”) and other European regulations and directives. The CFTC will deem BBVA to have complied with certain Dodd-Frank Act Title VII provisions for which, subject to certain conditions, the CFTC has found certain corresponding European provisions to be essentially identical or comparable, provided BBVA complies with such European provisions, as applicable. Compass Bank (and other entities of the BBVA Group) may register as a swap dealer if required by its swap activities or if it is determined to be beneficial to its business.

Currently, BBVA is not considering registration as a “security-based swap dealer” with the SEC.

Prudential Regulation

In the past few years, the Federal Reserve has imposed greater risk-based and leverage capital requirements, liquidity requirements, capital planning and stress testing requirements, risk management requirements and other enhanced prudential standards for bank holding companies with $50 billion or more in total consolidated assets, including Compass Bancshares. Under the enhanced prudential standard regulations applicable to foreign banking organizations with $50 billion or more in U.S. assets held outside of their U.S. branches and agencies, by July 1, 2016, BBVA designated Compass Bancshares as its separately capitalized top-tier U.S. intermediate holding company (“IHC”). Compass Bancshares holds all of BBVA’s U.S. bank and nonbank subsidiaries, including Compass Bank. As BBVA’s U.S. IHC, Compass Bancshares is subject to U.S. risk-based and leverage capital, liquidity, risk management, stress testing and other enhanced prudential standards on a consolidated basis. BBVA’s U.S. branches and agencies (and in certain cases, the entire U.S. operations of BBVA) are also subject to liquidity buffer and risk management requirements. In addition, BBVA is subject to requirements related to the adequacy and reporting of its home country capital and stress testing standards.

 

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Under Title I of the Dodd-Frank Act and implementing regulations issued by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, BBVA must prepare and submit annually a plan for the orderly resolution of subsidiaries and operations in the event of future material financial distress or failure (the “Title I Resolution Plan”). For foreign-based companies subject to these resolution planning requirements, such as BBVA, the Title I Resolution Plan relates to subsidiaries, branches, agencies and businesses that are domiciled in, or whose activities are carried out in whole or in material part in, the United States. BBVA filed its last Title I Resolution Plan in December 2015 and was not required to file a plan in 2016. In addition, Compass Bank is subject to the FDIC rule requiring insured depository institutions with total assets of $50 billion or more to submit periodically to the FDIC a plan for resolution in the event of failure under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

As part of the implementation of enhanced prudential standards under the Dodd-Frank Act, in March 2016, the Federal Reserve reproposed a rule implementing single-counterparty credit limits for large U.S. bank holding companies and large FBOs with respect to their combined U.S. operations. The proposed rule would apply both to Compass Bancshares and to the combined U.S. operations of BBVA with different levels of stringency. Compass Bancshares’ credit exposure to any single counterparty would be limited to 25 percent of its capital stock and surplus. BBVA’s credit exposure with respect to only its combined U.S. operations would be limited to 15 percent of Tier 1 capital for counterparties that are G-SIBs and certain other large financial institutions and to 25 percent of Tier 1 capital for all other unaffiliated counterparties. The proposed rule would also require Compass Bancshares and BBVA to aggregate credit exposure across counterparties that are economically interdependent or that are connected by certain control relationships.

The Federal Reserve has proposed but not yet finalized an early remediation framework for large U.S. bank holding companies and large FBOs.

Capital and Liquidity

Compass Bancshares and Compass Bank are subject to the U.S. Basel III capital rules (“U.S. Basel III”), which are based on the Basel III regulatory capital standards established by the Basel Committee. Certain aspects of U.S. Basel III, such as the minimum capital ratios and the methodology for calculating risk-weighted assets, became effective on January 1, 2015 for Compass Bancshares and Compass Bank. Other aspects of the rules, such as the capital conservation buffer and certain deductions from and adjustments to regulatory capital, are being phased in over several years.

The minimum regulatory capital ratios under U.S. Basel III are the following: Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5%; Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0%; Total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0%; and Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. The greater than 2.5% Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer will be fully phased in by 2019; the phase-in amount for 2017 is greater than 1.25%. Failure to maintain the capital conservation buffer will result in increasingly stringent restrictions on a banking organization’s ability to make dividend payments and other capital distributions and pay discretionary bonuses to executive officers.

U.S. Basel III also revised the capital thresholds for the prompt corrective action framework for insured depository institutions. To qualify as “well capitalized,” Compass Bank must maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0%, a Total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10.0%, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of at least 5.0%.

The federal banking regulators have issued liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) requirements, which are based on the Basel Committee’s LCR standard and are designed to ensure that covered banking organizations have sufficient high-quality liquid assets to cover expected net cash outflows over a 30-day liquidity stress period. As a U.S. bank holding company with total assets of $50 billion or more that is not an advanced approaches bank holding company, Compass Bancshares is subject to a modified version of the LCR. As of January 1, 2017, Compass Bancshares is required to maintain a minimum of 100% of the fully phased-in modified LCR. In addition, effective October 1, 2018, Compass Bancshares will be required to disclose certain quantitative and qualitative information related to its LCR calculation after each calendar quarter.

 

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On June 1, 2016, the Federal Reserve Board and other U.S. regulators proposed rules to implement net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”), which are based on additional quantitative liquidity standards developed by the Basel Committee and are designed to ensure that an institution maintains sufficiently stable amounts of longer-term funding over a one-year horizon. The proposal includes a modified, less stringent version of the NSFR that would apply to institutions with total assets of $50 billion or more that are not advanced approaches bank holding companies, such as Compass Bancshares.

Under the Federal Reserve’s capital plan and stress test rules, Compass Bancshares must submit an annual capital plan to the Federal Reserve for review, must conduct semi-annual stress tests and is subject to an annual supervisory stress test conducted by the Federal Reserve (“Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test”). The capital planning and stress test requirements are part of the Federal Reserve’s CCAR program, pursuant to which it reviews the qualitative and quantitative aspects of large U.S. bank holding companies’ internal capital planning process. Compass Bancshares’ annual capital plan must include an assessment of the expected uses and sources of capital over a forward-looking planning horizon of at least nine quarters, a detailed description of its process for assessing capital adequacy, its capital policy, and a discussion of any expected changes to its business plan that are likely to have a material impact on its capital adequacy or liquidity. The Federal Reserve may object, in whole or in part, to a capital plan or provide a notice of non-objection. If the Federal Reserve objects to a capital plan, the bank holding company may not make any capital distribution other than those with respect to which the Federal Reserve has indicated its non-objection. In January 2017, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule exempting large and noncomplex firms, including Compass Bancshares, from the qualitative component of CCAR. The Dodd-Frank Act and implementing rules issued by the Federal Reserve also impose stress test requirements on Compass Bank.

For the capital plan and stress test cycle beginning January 1, 2016, Compass Bancshares submitted its capital plan and company-run stress test results to the Federal Reserve by April 5, 2016. In June 2016, the Federal Reserve published summary results of the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test, which showed that Compass Bancshares’ projected regulatory capital ratios exceeded the applicable regulatory minimums as defined by the Federal Reserve for all quarters included in the nine-quarter forecasting horizon under the hypothetical supervisory severely adverse scenario. In addition, the Federal Reserve did not object to the 2016 capital plan of Compass Bancshares. For the capital plan and stress test cycle beginning January 1, 2017, Compass Bancshares must submit its capital plan and company-run stress test results to the Federal Reserve by April 5, 2017, and the Federal Reserve is required to publish summary stress test results by June 30, 2017.

Volcker Rule

The Volcker Rule limits the ability of banking entities to sponsor or invest in certain hedge funds, private equity funds, and commodity pools (“covered funds”) and to engage as principal in certain types of proprietary trading unrelated to serving clients, subject to certain exclusions and exemptions. The Volcker Rule also limits the ability of banking entities and their affiliates to enter into certain transactions with covered funds with which they or their affiliates have certain relationships. The Volcker Rule regulations contain exemptions for market-making, hedging, underwriting, trading in U.S. government and agency obligations as well as certain foreign government obligations, and trading solely outside the United States, and also permit certain ownership interests in certain types of funds to be retained. The Federal Reserve has extended the Volcker Rule’s general conformance period for investments in and relationships with covered funds and certain foreign funds that were in place on or prior to December 31, 2013 until July 21, 2017. This extension of the conformance period does not apply to the Volcker Rule’s prohibitions on proprietary trading or to any investments in and relationships with covered funds made or entered into after December 31, 2013.

Derivatives

The Dodd-Frank Act established an extensive framework for the regulation of over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives by the CFTC and the SEC, including mandatory clearing, exchange trading and public and regulatory transaction reporting of certain OTC derivatives, as well as rules regarding the registration of swap dealers and major swap participants, and related capital, margin, business conduct, record keeping and other requirements applicable to such entities. While the CFTC has completed the majority of its regulations in this area, most of which are in effect, the SEC has not yet adopted a number of its swaps regulations. In December 2016, the CFTC reproposed regulations to impose position limits on certain physical commodities futures contracts and economically equivalent swaps, futures and options. In addition, the federal banking regulators and the CFTC adopted final rules establishing margin requirements for non-cleared swaps and security-based swaps. The final margin rules follow a

 

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phased implementation schedule, with certain initial margin and variation margin requirements in effect as of September 2016, additional variation margin requirements coming into effect in March 2017, and additional initial margin requirements phased in on an annual basis from September 2017 through September 2020, depending on the transactional volume of the parties and their affiliates.

Because BBVA is a non-U.S. swap dealer, the CFTC generally limits its direct regulation of BBVA with respect to swaps with U.S. persons and certain affiliates of U.S. persons. However, the CFTC will be applying certain transaction-level requirements when BBVA’s swap dealing activity involves the arrangement, negotiation, or execution by U.S. located personnel and is considering whether to apply regulatory transaction reporting to all swaps entered into by a non-U.S. swap dealer or instead rely on transaction reporting under comparable EU rules. In August 2016, the CFTC staff extended no-action relief for the applicability of most transaction-level requirements until at least September 30, 2017.

The so-called swaps “push-out” provision, Section 716 of the Dodd-Frank Act, prohibits U.S. federal assistance to be provided to any swaps entity, including any swap dealer, with respect to certain types of swaps, subject to certain exceptions. The swap activities of BBVA’s New York branch have always conformed to the requirements of Section 716. Should Compass Bank become a swap dealer, it will need to restrict its swap activities to conform to the “push-out” provision.

Other Regulations

The Dodd-Frank Act changed the FDIC deposit insurance assessment framework (the amounts paid by FDIC-insured institutions into the deposit insurance fund of the FDIC) to shift a greater portion of the aggregate assessments to large banks (such as Compass Bank). In March 2016, the FDIC finalized a rule imposing assessment surcharges on banks with $10 billion or more in total assets (such as Compass Bank) to increase the deposit insurance fund’s reserve ratio. These surcharges will cease on December 31, 2018.

The Dodd-Frank Act broadened the application of Sections 23A and 23B of Federal Reserve Act, although the Federal Reserve has not yet implemented such changes in Regulation W (“Reg W”). Reg W places various qualitative and quantitative restrictions on BBVA and its non-bank subsidiaries with regard to borrowing or otherwise obtaining credit from their U.S. banking affiliates or engaging in certain other transactions involving those subsidiaries. Such transactions must be on terms that would ordinarily be offered to unaffiliated entities, must be secured by designated amounts of specified collateral, are subject to quantitative limitations. Under the Dodd-Frank changes, credit exposure arising from derivative transactions, securities borrowing and lending transactions, and repurchase/reverse repurchase agreements are subject to the collateral and quantitative limitations. The Reg W restrictions also apply to certain transactions of BBVA’s New York Branch with certain of its affiliates.

The regulations that the CFPB may adopt could affect the nature of the consumer activities that Compass Bancshares, Compass Bank and BBVA’s New York branch may conduct, and may impose restrictions and limitations on the conduct of such activities. The CFPB has promulgated many mortgage-related rules since it was established under the Dodd-Frank Act, including rules related to the ability to repay and qualified mortgage standards, mortgage servicing standards, loan originator compensation standards, high-cost mortgage requirements, Home Mortgage Disclosure Act requirements and appraisal and escrow standards for higher-priced mortgages. These rules have created operational and strategic challenges for Compass Bancshares, as it is both a mortgage originator and a servicer.

Under the Durbin Amendment to the Dodd-Frank Act, the maximum permissible interchange fee that an issuer may receive for an electronic debit transaction is the sum of 21 cents per transaction, a 1 cent fraud prevention adjustment, and 5 basis points multiplied by the value of the transaction.

The Dodd-Frank Act requires the SEC to cause issuers with listed securities, which may include foreign private issuers such as BBVA, to establish a “claw back” policy to recoup previously awarded employee compensation in the event of an accounting restatement. The SEC proposed rules in 2015 to implement this provision. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act requires U.S. regulatory agencies to prescribe regulations with respect to incentive-based compensation at financial institutions in order to prevent inappropriate behavior that could lead to a material financial loss. In 2016, federal regulators reproposed a rule that would require, among other things, the deferral of a percentage of certain incentive-based compensation for senior executives and certain other employees and, under certain circumstances, clawback of incentive-based compensation.

 

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The Dodd-Frank Act also grants the SEC discretionary rule-making authority to impose a new fiduciary standard on brokers, dealers and investment advisers, and expands the extraterritorial jurisdiction of U.S. courts over actions brought by the SEC or the United States with respect to violations of the antifraud provisions in the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

A major focus of U.S. governmental policy relating to financial institutions in recent years has been aimed at fighting money laundering and terrorist financing. Regulations applicable to BBVA and certain of its affiliates impose obligations to maintain appropriate policies, procedures, and controls to detect, prevent, and report money laundering. In particular, Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), as amended, requires financial institutions operating in the United States to (i) give special attention to correspondent and payable-through bank accounts, (ii) implement enhanced reporting due diligence, and “know your customer” standards for private banking and correspondent banking relationships, (iii) scrutinize the beneficial ownership and activity of certain non-U.S. and private banking customers (especially for so-called politically exposed persons), and (iv) develop new anti-money laundering programs, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement compliance programs under the Bank Secrecy Act and the sanctions programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control. Failure of a financial institution to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could have serious legal and reputational consequences for the institution.

Disclosure of Iranian Activities under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act

The BBVA Group discloses the following information pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act, which requires an issuer to disclose whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with natural persons or entities designated by the U.S. government under specified executive orders, including activities not prohibited by U.S. law and conducted outside the United States by non-U.S. affiliates in compliance with local law. In order to comply with this requirement, the Company has requested relevant information from its affiliates globally.

The BBVA Group has the following activities, transactions and dealings with Iran requiring disclosure.

Legacy contractual obligations related to counter indemnities. Before 2007, the BBVA Group issued certain counter indemnities to its non-Iranian customers in Europe for various business activities relating to Iran in support of guarantees provided by Bank Melli, two of which remained outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2016. For the year ended December 31, 2016, fees and/or commissions recorded in connection with these counter indemnities totaled $640.50. The BBVA Group does not allocate direct costs to fees and commissions and therefore has not disclosed a separate profit measure. In addition, the BBVA Group incurred on cancellation expenses related to one of these counter guarantees and enforcement and mail expenses related to the other counter guarantee which totaled $214,405.37 during this period. In accordance with Council Regulation (EU) Nr. 267/2012 of March 23, 2012, any payments of amounts due to Bank Melli under these counter indemnities were initially blocked and thereafter released upon authorization by the relevant Spanish authorities. The BBVA Group is committed to terminating these business relationships as soon as contractually possible and does not intend to enter into new business relationships involving Bank Melli.

Refund of funds from Bank Sepah. During the year ended December 31, 2016, Bank Sepah returned to the BBVA Group funds in the amount of $4,624.16 which had been originally transferred by the BBVA Group in March 2007 to an account at Bank Sepah in the name of BBVA’s representative office in Tehran, which no longer exists.

Letter of credit. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the BBVA Group had credit exposure to Bank Sepah arising from a letter of credit issued by Bank Sepah to a non-Iranian client of the BBVA Group in Europe. This letter of credit, which was granted before 2004, expired in October 2015. As a result, this letter of credit was no longer outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2016.

 

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Iranian embassy-related activity. The BBVA Group maintains bank accounts in Spain for two employees of the Iranian embassy in Spain. The two employees are Spanish citizens and one of them retired in 2015. Estimated gross revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016 from embassy-related activity, which include fees and/or commissions, did not exceed $2,490.10. The BBVA Group does not allocate direct costs to fees and commissions and therefore has not disclosed a separate profit measure. The BBVA Group is committed to terminating these business relationships as soon as legally possible.

C. Organizational Structure

As of December 31, 2016, the BBVA Group was composed of 370 consolidated entities and 89 entities accounted for using the equity method.

The companies are principally domiciled in the following countries: Argentina, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition, BBVA has an active presence in Asia.

Below is a simplified organizational chart of BBVA’s most significant subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016.

 

Subsidiary

   Country of
Incorporation
   Activity    BBVA
Voting
Power
    BBVA
Ownership
     Total
Assets (1)
 
               (in Percentages)     

(In

Millions of
Euros)

 

BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.

   Mexico    Bank      100.00       100.00        86,242  

COMPASS BANK

   United States    Bank      100.00       100.00        86,188  

TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S

   Turkey    Bank      49.90 (2)      39.90        76,017  

BBVA CONTINENTAL, S.A.

   Peru    Bank      92.24 (3)      46.12        22,269  

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA CHILE, S.A.

   Chile    Bank      68.19       68.19        19,508  

BBVA SEGUROS, S.A. DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS

   Spain    Insurance      99.95       99.95        16,797  

BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.

   Colombia    Bank      95.47       95.47        16,391  

BBVA BANCO FRANCES, S.A.

   Argentina    Bank      75.95       75.95        9,008  

PENSIONES BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.

   Mexico    Insurance      100.00       100.00        4,040  

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA (PORTUGAL), S.A.

   Portugal    Bank      100.00       100.00        4,028  

SEGUROS BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.

   Mexico    Insurance      100.00       100.00        3,347  

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA URUGUAY, S.A.

   Uruguay    Bank      100.00       100.00        3,051  

 

(1) Information for non-EU subsidiaries has been calculated using the prevailing exchange rates on December 31, 2016.
(2) Calculated by adding BBVA’s and the Dogus group’s stakes in Garanti as of December 31, 2016 (39.90% and 10.0002%, respectively). As a result of the shareholders’ agreement between BBVA and Dogus then in effect, Garanti was consolidated within the BBVA Group. See “—Material Contracts—Shareholders’ Agreement in Connection with Garanti.”
(3) This figure represents the interest of Holding Continental S.A., which owns 92.24% of the capital stock of BBVA Continental. Each of BBVA and Inversiones Breca S.A. owns 50.00% of the capital stock of Holding Continental S.A. As a result of the shareholders’ agreement entered into between BBVA and Inversiones Breca S.A., BBVA Continental is consolidated within the BBVA Group.

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

We own and rent a substantial network of properties in Spain and abroad, including 3,303 branch offices in Spain and, principally through our various subsidiaries, 5,357 branch offices abroad as of December 31, 2016. As of December 31, 2016, approximately 67% of our branches in Spain and 65% of our branches abroad (excluding those branches relating to the Garanti group) were rented from third parties pursuant to short-term leases that may be renewed by mutual agreement.

 

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BBVA, through a real estate company of the Group, is constructing its new corporate headquarters at a development area in the north of Madrid (Spain). As of December 31, 2016, the accumulated investment for this project amounted to €958 million.

In addition, BBVA Bancomer is building its new corporate headquarters in Mexico D.F. As of December 31, 2016, the accumulated investment for this project amounted to €889 million.

E. Selected Statistical Information

The following is a presentation of selected statistical information for the periods indicated. Where required under Industry Guide 3, we have provided such selected statistical information separately for our domestic and foreign activities, pursuant to our calculation that our foreign operations are significant according to Rule 9-05 of Regulation S-X.

Average Balances and Rates

The tables below set forth selected statistical information on our average balance sheets, which are based on the beginning and month-end balances in each year. We do not believe that monthly averages present trends materially different from those that would be presented by daily averages. Interest income figures, when used, include interest income on non-accruing loans to the extent that cash payments have been received. Loan fees are included in the computation of interest revenue.

 

     Average Balance Sheet - Assets and Interest from Earning Assets  
     Year Ended December 31,
2016
    Year Ended December 31,
2015
    Year Ended December 31,
2014
 
     Average
Balance
     Interest      Average
Yield (1)
    Average
Balance
     Interest      Average
Yield (1)
    Average
Balance
     Interest     Average
Yield (1)
 
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

Assets

                       

Cash and balances with central banks and other demand deposits

     26,209        10        0.05     23,542        2        0.02     15,219        4       0.04

Debt securities, equity instruments and derivatives

     202,388        5,072        2.51     211,589        4,673        2.21     181,762        4,505       2.48

Domestic

     133,009        1,772        1.33     143,760        1,947        1.35     128,539        2,182       1.70

Foreign

     69,379        3,300        4.76     67,829        2,726        4.02     53,223        2,323       4.37

Loans and receivables

     454,299        22,301        4.91     421,300        19,881        4.72     362,740        18,169       5.01

Loans and advances to central banks

     15,326        229        1.50     12,004        140        1.17     11,745        132       1.12

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     28,078        218        0.78     27,171        270        0.99     22,811        234       1.03

Loans and advances to customers

     410,895        21,853        5.32     382,125        19,471        5.10     328,183        17,803       5.42

In euros

     201,967        3,750        1.86     196,987        4,301        2.18     186,965        4,843       2.59

Domestic

     192,186        3,685        1.92     192,508        4,285        2.23     186,271        4,844       2.60

Foreign

     9,781        65        0.66     4,479        16        0.37     695        (1     (0.08 )% 

In other currency

     208,928        18,104        8.67     185,139        15,170        8.19     141,218        12,960       9.18

Domestic

     15,355        348        2.27     14,923        284        1.91     12,112        263       2.17

Foreign

     193,573        17,756        9.17     170,216        14,886        8.75     129,106        12,697       9.83

Non-earning assets

     52,748        325        0.62     49,128        226        0.46     40,686        159       0.39
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total average assets (2)

     735,645        27,708        3.77     705,559        24,783        3.51     600,407        22,838       3.80
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Rates have been presented on a non-taxable equivalent basis.
(2) Foreign activity represented 49.84% of the total average assets for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 41.86% for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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     Average Balance Sheet - Liabilities and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities  
     Year Ended December 31,
2016
    Year Ended December 31,
2015
    Year Ended December 31,
2014
 
     Average
Balance
     Interest      Average
Yield (1)
    Average
Balance
     Interest     Average
Yield (1)
    Average
Balance
     Interest     Average
Yield (1)
 
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

Liabilities

                      

Deposits from central banks and credit institutions

     101,975        1,866        1.83     99,289        1,559       1.57     81,860        1,292       1.58

Customer deposits

     398,851        5,944        1.49     366,249        4,390       1.20     307,705        4,335       1.41

In euros

     195,310        766        0.39     187,721        1,024       0.55     160,946        1,725       1.07

Domestic

     185,046        739        0.40     182,351        1,015       0.56     159,980        1,725       1.08

Foreign

     10,264        26        0.26     5,370        9       0.17     965        —         —    

In other currency

     203,541        5,178        2.54     178,528        3,366       1.89     146,759        2,610       1.78

Domestic

     11,543        39        0.34     9,529        (53     (0.55 )%      6,973        (41     (0.59 )% 

Foreign

     191,998        5,139        2.68     168,999        3,419       2.02     139,786        2,651       1.90

Debt certificates and subordinated liabilities

     89,876        1,738        1.93     89,672        1,875       2.09     80,132        1,831       2.29

Non-interest-bearing liabilities

     89,328        1,101        1.23     96,049        936       0.97     83,620        998       1.19

Stockholders’ equity

     55,616        —          —         54,300        —         —         47,091        —         —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total average liabilities (2)

     735,645        10,648        1.45     705,559        8,761       1.24     600,407        8,456       1.41
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Rates have been presented on a non-taxable equivalent basis.
(2) Foreign activity represented 45.62% of the total average liabilities for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 41.86% for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Changes in Net Interest Income-Volume and Rate Analysis

The following tables allocate changes in our net interest income between changes in volume and changes in rate for 2016 compared with 2015, and 2015 compared with 2014. Volume and rate variance have been calculated based on movements in average balances over the period and changes in interest rates on average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities. The only out-of-period items and adjustments excluded from the following table are interest payments on loans which are made in a period other than the period in which they are due. Loan fees were included in the computation of interest income.

 

     2016/2015  
     Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in  
     Volume (1)      Rate (2)      Net Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Interest income

        

Cash and balances with central banks

     —          7        8  

Securities portfolio and derivatives

     (83      482        399  

Loans and advances to central banks

     45        44        89  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     65        (117      (52

Loans and advances to customers

     2,063        319        2,382  

In euros

     12        (564      (552

Domestic

     (7      (593      (600

Foreign

     20        29        48  

In other currencies

     2,051        883        2,934  

Domestic

     8        56        64  

Foreign

     2,043        827        2,870  

Other assets

     22        77        99  
        

 

 

 

Total income

     2,112        813        2,925  
        

 

 

 

Interest expense

        

Deposits from central banks and credit institutions

     82        225        307  

Customer deposits

     477        1,076        1,553  

In euros

     23        (282 )       (258 ) 

Domestic

     15        (290 )       (275 ) 

Foreign

     8        9        17  

In other currencies

     454        1,357        1,812  

Domestic

     (11 )       103        92  

Foreign

     465        1,255        1,720  

Debt certificates and subordinated liabilities

     64        (201      (137

Other liabilities

     (24      188        165  
        

 

 

 

Total expense

     600        1,288        1,888  
        

 

 

 

Net interest income

           1,037  
        

 

 

 

 

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(1)  The volume effect is calculated as the result of the average interest rate of the earlier period multiplied by the difference between the average balances of both periods.
(2)  The rate effect is calculated as the result of the average balance of the earlier period multiplied by the difference between the average interest rates of both periods.

 

     2015/2014  
     Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes in  
     Volume (1)      Rate (2)      Net Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Interest income

        

Cash and balances with central banks

     2        (4      (1

Securities portfolio and derivatives

     896        (728      168  

Loans and advances to central banks

     3        5        8  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     84        (48      36  

Loans and advances to customers

     4,263        (2,595      1,668  

In euros

     159        (701      (542

Domestic

     162        (721      (559

Foreign

     (3      20        17  

In other currencies

     4,104        (1,894      2,210  

Domestic

     61        (40      21  

Foreign

     4,043        (1,854      2,189  

Other assets

     36        31        67  
        

 

 

 

Total income

           1,945  
        

 

 

 

Interest expense

        

Deposits from central banks and credit institutions

     411        (144      267  

Customer deposits

     780        (725      56  

In euros

     241        (943      (701

Domestic

     241        (952      (710

Foreign

     0        9        9  

In other currencies

     539        218        757  

Domestic

     (15      3        (12

Foreign

     554        215        769  

Debt certificates and subordinated liabilities

     274        (231      44  

Other liabilities

     191        (252      (62
        

 

 

 

Total expense

           305  
        

 

 

 

Net interest income

           1,641  
        

 

 

 

 

(1)  The volume effect is calculated as the result of the average interest rate of the earlier period multiplied by the difference between the average balances of both periods.
(2)  The rate effect is calculated as the result of the average balance of the earlier period multiplied by the difference between the average interest rates of both periods.

 

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Interest Earning Assets—Margin and Spread

The following table analyzes the levels of our average earning assets and illustrates the comparative gross and net yields and spread obtained for each of the years indicated.

 

     December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014  
     (In Millions of Euro, except Percentages)  

Average interest earning assets

     682,897       647,177       554,457  

Gross yield(1)

     4.1     3.8     4.1

Net yield(2)

     3.8     3.5     3.8

Net interest margin (3)

     2.5     2.5     2.6

Average effective rate paid on all interest-bearing liabilities

     1.8     1.6     1.8

Spread(4)

     2.3     2.3     2.3

 

(1)  Gross yield represents total interest income divided by average interest earning assets.
(2)  Net yield represents total interest income divided by total average assets.
(3)  Net interest margin represents net interest income as percentage of average interest earning assets.
(4)  Spread is the difference between gross yield and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

ASSETS

Interest-Bearing Deposits in Other Banks

As of December 31, 2016, interbank deposits (excluding deposits with central banks) represented 4.3% of our total assets. Of such interbank deposits, 21.8% were held outside of Spain and 78.2% in Spain. We believe that our deposits are generally placed with highly rated banks and have a lower risk than many loans we could make in Spain. However, such deposits are subject to the risk that the deposit banks may fail or the banking system of certain of the countries in which a portion of our deposits are made may face liquidity or other problems.

Securities Portfolio

As of December 31, 2016, our total securities portfolio (consisting of investment securities and loans and receivables) was carried on our consolidated balance sheet at a carrying amount (equivalent to its market or appraised value as of such date) of €128,912 million, representing 17.6% of our total assets. €36,022 million, or 27.9%, of our securities portfolio consisted of Spanish Treasury bonds and Treasury bills. The average yield during 2016 on the investment securities that BBVA held was 3.3%, compared with an average yield of approximately 4.9% earned on loans and advances during 2016. See Notes 10 and 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of our investments in affiliates, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of the manner in which we value our securities, see Notes 2.2.1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following tables analyze the carrying amount and fair value of debt securities as of December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The trading portfolio is not included in the tables below because the amortized costs and fair values of these items are the same. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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     As of December 31, 2016  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

DEBT SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     24,731        25,540        828        (19
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Spanish Government and other government agencies debt securities

     22,427        23,119        711        (18

Other debt securities

     2,305        2,421        117        (1

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     986        1,067        82        —    

Issued by other institutions

     1,319        1,354        36        (1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     49,253        49,040        773        (987
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mexico

     11,525        11,200        19        (343

Mexican Government and other government agencies debt securities

     9,728        9,438        11        (301

Other debt securities

     1,797        1,763        8        (42

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     86        87        2        (1

Issued by other institutions

     1,710        1,675        6        (41

The United States

     14,256        14,043        48        (261

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government agencies debt securities

     1,702        1,683        1        (19

States and political subdivisions debt securities

     6,758        6,654        8        (112

Other debt securities

     5,797        5,706        39        (130

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     95        97        2        —    

Issued by other institutions

     5,702        5,609        37        (130

Turkey

     5,550        5,443        73        (180

Turkey Government and other government agencies debt securities

     5,055        4,961        70        (164

Other debt securities

     495        482        2        (16

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     448        436        2        (15

Issued by other institutions

     47        46        —          (1

Other countries

     17,923        18,354        634        (203

Other foreign governments and other government agencies debt securities

     7,882        8,156        373        (98

Other debt securities

     10,041        10,197        261        (105

Issued by Central Banks

     1,657        1,659        4        (2

Issued by credit institutions

     3,269        3,311        96        (54

Issued by other institutions

     5,115        5,227        161        (49
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     73,985        74,580        1,601        (1,006
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     8,625        8,717        92        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Spanish Government and other government agency debt securities

     8,063        8,153        90        —    

Other domestic debt securities

     562        564        2        —    

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     494        496        2        —    

Issued by other institutions

     68        68        —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     9,071        8,902        16        (185
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Government and other government agency debt securities

     7,982        7,830        13        (165

Other debt securities

     1,089        1,072        4        (21
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

     17,696        17,619        108        (185
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
        —          

TOTAL DEBT SECURITIES

     91,681        92,199        1,709        (1,192
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the period. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates and valuation techniques. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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     As of December 31, 2015  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

DEBT SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     43,500        45,668        2,221        (53
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Spanish Government and other government agencies debt securities

     38,763        40,799        2,078        (41

Other debt securities

     4,737        4,869        144        (11

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     2,702        2,795        94        —    

Issued by other institutions

     2,035        2,074        50        (11
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     62,734        62,641        1,132        (1,226
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mexico

     12,627        12,465        73        (235

Mexican Government and other government agencies debt securities

     10,284        10,193        70        (160

Other debt securities

     2,343        2,272        4        (75

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     260        254        1        (7

Issued by other institutions

     2,084        2,019        3        (68

The United States

     13,890        13,717        63        (236

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies debt securities

     2,188        2,177        4        (15

States and political subdivisions debt securities

     4,629        4,612        9        (26

Other debt securities

     7,073        6,927        50        (195

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     71        75        5        (1

Issued by other institutions

     7,002        6,852        45        (194

Turkey

     13,414        13,265        116        (265

Turkey Government and other government agencies debt securities

     11,801        11,682        111        (231

Other debt securities

     1,613        1,584        4        (34

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     1,452        1,425        3        (30

Issued by other institutions

     162        159        1        (4

Other countries

     22,803        23,194        881        (490

Other foreign governments and other government agencies debt securities

     9,778        10,356        653        (76

Other debt securities

     13,025        12,838        227        (414

Issued by Central Banks

     2,277        2,273        —          (4

Issued by credit institutions

     3,468        3,488        108        (88

Issued by other institutions

     7,280        7,077        119        (322
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     106,234        108,310        3,354        (1,278
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL DEBT SECURITIES

     106,234        108,310        3,354        (1,278
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the period. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates and valuation techniques. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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     As of December 31, 2014  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

DEBT SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     40,337        42,802        2,542        (77
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Spanish Government and other government agencies debt securities

     34,445        36,680        2,290        (55

Other debt securities

     5,892        6,122        252        (22

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     3,567        3,716        162        (13

Issued by other institutions

     2,325        2,406        90        (9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     43,657        44,806        1,639        (490
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mexico

     12,662        13,060        493        (96

Mexican Government and other government agencies debt securities

     10,629        11,012        459        (76

Other debt securities

     2,034        2,048        34        (20

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     141        142        3        (3

Issued by other institutions

     1,892        1,906        31        (17

The United States

     10,289        10,307        102        (83

U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies debt securities

     1,539        1,542        6        (3

States and political subdivisions debt securities

     2,672        2,689        22        (5

Other debt securities

     6,078        6,076        73        (76

Issued by Central Banks

     —          —          —          —    

Issued by credit institutions

     24        24        —          —    

Issued by other institutions

     6,054        6,052        73        (76

Other countries

     20,705        21,439        1,044        (310

Other foreign governments and other government agencies debt securities

     10,355        10,966        715        (104

Other debt securities

     10,350        10,473        329        (206

Issued by Central Banks

     1,540        1,540        10        (9

Issued by credit institutions

     3,352        3,471        175        (55

Issued by other institutions

     5,459        5,461        143        (141
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     83,994        87,608        4,181        (566
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Domestic-

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign-

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL HELD TO MATURITY PORTFOLIO

     —          —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL DEBT SECURITIES

     83,994        87,608        4,181        (566
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the period. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates and valuation techniques. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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As of December 31, 2016 the carrying amount of the debt securities classified within the available for sale portfolio by rating categories defined by external rating agencies, were as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2016  
     Debt Securities Available for Sale  
     Carrying Amount
(In Millions of Euros)
     %  

AAA

     4,922        6.6

AA+

     11,172        15.0

AA

     594        0.8

AA-

     575        0.8

A+

     1,230        1.6

A

     7,442        10.0

A-

     1,719        2.3

BBB+

     29,569        39.6

BBB

     3,233        4.3

BBB-

     6,809        9.1

BB+ or below

     2,055        2.8

Without rating

     5,261        7.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL

     74,580        100.0

The following tables analyze the carrying amount and fair value of our ownership of equity securities as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. See Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

     As of December 31, 2016  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

EQUITY SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           

Domestic-

     3,748        2,822        19        (945

Equity listed

     3,690        2,763        17        (944

Equity unlisted

     57        59        2        (1

Foreign-

     1,501        1,819        336        (17

The United States-

     553        588        35        —    

Equity listed

     16        38        22        —    

Equity unlisted

     537        550        13        —    

Other countries-

     948        1,231        301        (17

Equity listed

     777        1,028        268        (15

Equity unlisted

     171        203        33        (2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     5,248        4,641        355        (962
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY SECURITIES

     5,248        4,641        355        (962
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL INVESTMENT SECURITIES

     96,930        96,839        2,064        (2,154
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the year. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates or on unaudited financial statements, when available.

 

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     As of December 31, 2015  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

EQUITY SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           

Domestic-

     3,476        2,939        22        (559

Equity listed

     3,402        2,862        17        (558

Equity unlisted

     74        78        5        (1

Foreign-

     1,728        2,177        501        (51

The United States-

     590        616        26        —    

Equity listed

     41        62        21        —    

Equity unlisted

     549        554        5        —    

Other countries-

     1,138        1,561        475        (51

Equity listed

     986        1,313        371        (44

Equity unlisted

     152        248        103        (7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     5,204        5,116        522        (610
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY SECURITIES

     5,204        5,116        522        (610
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL INVESTMENT SECURITIES

     111,438        113,426        3,876        (1,888
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the year. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates or on unaudited financial statements, when available.

 

     As of December 31, 2014  
     Amortized cost      Fair Value (1)      Unrealized Gains      Unrealized Losses  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

EQUITY SECURITIES -

           

AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

           

Domestic-

     3,177        3,199        93        (71

Equity listed

     3,129        3,150        92        (71

Equity unlisted

     48        49        1        —    

Foreign-

     2,842        4,069        1,263        (36

The United States-

     540        558        18        —    

Equity listed

     54        56        2        —    

Equity unlisted

     486        502        16        —    

Other countries-

     2,302        3,511        1,245        (36

Equity listed

     2,172        3,372        1,233        (33

Equity unlisted

     130        139        12        (3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE FOR SALE PORTFOLIO

     6,019        7,268        1,356        (107
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL EQUITY SECURITIES

     6,019        7,268        1,356        (107 ) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL INVESTMENT SECURITIES

     90,013        94,876        5,537        (673
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Fair values for listed securities are determined on the basis of their quoted prices at the end of the year. Fair values are used for unlisted securities based on our estimates or on unaudited financial statements, when available.

 

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The following table analyzes the maturities of our debt investment and fixed income securities, excluding trading portfolio, by type and geographical area as of December 31, 2016:

 

     Maturity at One
Year or Less
     Maturity After
One Year to Five
Years
     Maturity After
Five Years to 10
Years
     Maturity After 10
Years
     Total  
     Amount      Yield
% (1)
     Amount      Yield
% (1)
     Amount      Yield
% (1)
     Amount     Yield
% (1)
     Amount  
     (Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

DEBT SECURITIES

                         

AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE PORTFOLIO

                         

Domestic

                         

Spanish government and other government agencies debt securities

     956        3.32        4,101        3.35        12,755        3.28        5,307       4.93        23,119  

Other debt securities

     702        3.96        2,592        3.11        1,247        2.90        (2,121     4.63        2,421  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Domestic

     1,658        3.49        6,693        3.91        14,003        3.31        3,186       4.83        25,540  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign

                         

Mexico

     290        2.29        4,797        4.21        2,529        1.71        3,585       7.42        11,200  

Mexican Government and other government agencies debt securities

     248        1.53        3,688        3.97        2,350        1.31        3,152       7.61        9,438  

Other debt securities

     42        6.72        1,108        5.08        179        3.45        433       5.95        1,763  

The United States

     806        1.10        1,647        2.93        1,790        2.76        9,800       1.90        14,043  

U.S. Treasury and other government agencies debt securities

     518        0.24        161        1.35        202        1.93        803       1.54        1,683  

States and political subdivisions debt securities

     168        2.03        197        2.02        412        2.01        5,877       1.85        6,654  

Other debt securities

     120        3.20        1,290        3.26        1,176        3.17        3,120       2.10        5,706  

Turkey

     65        7.93        2,887        9.60        2,479        9.91        12       6.68        5,443  

Turkey Government and other government agencies debt securities

     5        7.95        2,482        9.93        2,462        9.93        12       6.68        4,961  

Other debt securities

     60        7.93        405        5.77        18        5.64        —         —          482  

Other countries

     3,358        6.49        7,586        3.56        3,922        3.59        3,487       3.44        18,354  

Securities of other foreign governments(2)

     870        2.57        3,112        3.92        1,679        2.47        2,495       3.22        8,156  

Other debt securities of other countries

     2,488        7.71        4,474        3.29        2,243        4.46        993       4.05        10,197  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Foreign

     4,519        5.21        16,917        4.68        10,721        4.40        16,884       3.43        49,040  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE

     6,177        4.79        23,610        4.33        24,723        3.75        20,070       3.72        74,580  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

HELD-TO-MATURITY PORTFOLIO

                         

Domestic

                         

Spanish government

     2,193        3.53        3,116        4.63        850        2.28        1,905       3.08        8,063  

Other debt securities

     326        3.99        236        2.93        —          —          —         —          562  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Domestic

     2,519        3.59        3,351        4.51        850        2.28        1,905       3.08        8,625  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Foreign

     244        5.86        4,333        6.15        2,617        9.06        1,877       5.44        9,071  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL HELD-TO-MATURITY

     2,763        3.79        7,685        5.43        3,467        7.38        3,782       4.28        17,696  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL DEBT SECURITIES

     8,940        4.48        31,295        4.60        28,190        4.20        23,852       3.81        92,277  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Rates have been presented on a non-taxable equivalent basis.
(2)  Securities of other foreign governments mainly include investments made by our subsidiaries in securities issued by the governments of the countries where they operate.

 

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Loans and Advances to Credit Institutions and Central Banks

As of December 31, 2016, our total loans and advances to credit institutions and central banks amounted to €40,235 million, or 5.5% of total assets. Net of our valuation adjustments, loans and advances to credit institutions and central banks amounted to €40,267 million as of December 31, 2016, or 5.5% of our total assets.

Loans and Advances to Customers

As of December 31, 2016, our total loans and advances amounted to €430,629 million, or 58.8% of total assets. Net of our valuation adjustments, loans and advances amounted to €414,655 million as of December 31, 2016, or 56.7% of our total assets. As of December 31, 2016 our loans and advances in Spain amounted to €182,492 million. Our foreign loans and advances amounted to €248,137 million as of December 31, 2016. For a discussion of certain mandatory ratios relating to our loan portfolio, see “—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Capital Requirements” and “—Business Overview— Supervision and Regulation—Investment Ratio”.

Loans by Geographic Area

The following table shows, by domicile of the customer, our net loans and advances as of December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013     2012  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Domestic

     182,492       192,227       178,410       188,434       201,401  

Foreign

          

Europe

     25,763       23,327       19,696       18,650       21,171  

Turkey

     54,174       54,252       —         —         —    

Mexico

     50,242       51,842       49,904       41,823       43,073  

South America

     53,512       47,862       53,616       50,291       50,507  

The United States

     60,388       58,677       47,819       35,858       36,992  

Other

     4,058       4,735       3,586       3,606       3,378  

Total foreign

     248,137       240,695       174,620       150,228       155,121  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans and advances

     430,629       432,921       353,030       338,662       356,521  

Impairment losses

     (15,974     (18,691     (14,244     (14,950     (14,115
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net lending (1)

     414,655       414,230       338,785       323,712       342,406  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Total net lending includes financial assets held for trading for loans and advances to customers.

 

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Loans by Type of Customer

The following table shows, by domicile and type of customer, our net loans and advances at each of the dates indicated. The classification by type of customer is based principally on regulatory authority requirements in each country.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013     2012  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Domestic

          

Government

     20,741       23,549       23,421       22,287       21,639  

Agriculture

     1,076       1,064       1,221       1,281       1,400  

Industrial

     13,670       15,079       13,507       13,844       16,227  

Real estate and construction

     15,179       18,621       20,170       25,456       30,294  

Commercial and financial

     13,111       11,557       18,439       15,615       17,007  

Loans to individuals (1)

     102,299       105,157       86,362       90,838       94,912  

Other

     16,415       17,200       15,289       19,113       19,921  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Domestic

     182,492       192,227       178,410       188,434       201,401  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Foreign

          

Government

     14,132       15,062       13,691       10,314       14,846  

Agriculture

     3,236       3,251       3,127       3,727       3,334  

Industrial

     43,402       41,834       24,072       14,985       14,479  

Real estate and construction

     21,822       20,343       12,982       15,243       16,890  

Commercial and financial

     33,933       32,019       25,441       31,802       34,862  

Loans to individuals

     89,981       89,132       72,223       59,840       56,207  

Other

     41,630       39,054       23,082       14,318       14,502  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Foreign

     248,137       240,695       174,620       150,228       155,121  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Loans and Advances

     430,629       432,921       353,030       338,662       356,521  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impairment losses

     (15,974     (18,691     (14,244     (14,950     (14,115
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net lending (2)

     414,655       414,230       338,785       323,712       342,406  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes mortgage loans to households for the acquisition of housing.
(2) Total net lending includes financial assets held for trading for loans and advances to customers.

The following table sets forth a breakdown, by currency, of our net loan portfolio as of December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014      2013      2012  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

In euros

     199,289        204,549        182,903        190,135        211,446  

In other currencies

     215,366        209,681        155,882        133,578        130,959  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total net lending (1)

     414,655        414,230        338,785        323,713        342,406  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Total net lending includes financial assets held for trading for loans and advances to customers.

 

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Table of Contents

As of December 31, 2016, loans by BBVA and its subsidiaries to associates and jointly controlled companies amounted to €442 million, compared with €710 million as of December 31, 2015. Loans outstanding to the Spanish government and its agencies amounted to €20,741 million, or 4.8% of our total loans and advances as of December 31, 2016, compared with €23,549 million, or 5.4% of our total loans and advances as of December 31, 2015. None of our loans to companies controlled by the Spanish government are guaranteed by the government and, accordingly, we apply normal credit criteria in extending credit to such entities. Moreover, we carefully monitor such loans because governmental policies necessarily affect such borrowers.

Diversification in our loan portfolio is our principal means of reducing the risk of loan losses. We also carefully monitor our loans to borrowers in sectors or countries experiencing liquidity problems. Our exposure to our five largest borrowers as of December 31, 2016, excluding government-related loans, amounted to €19,604 million or approximately 4.6% of our total outstanding loans and advances. As of December 31, 2016 there did not exist any concentration of loans exceeding 10% of our total outstanding loans and advances, other than by category as disclosed in the table above.

Maturity and Interest Sensitivity

The following table sets forth an analysis by maturity of our total loans and advances by domicile of the office that issued the loan and the type of customer as of December 31, 2016. The determination of maturities is based on contract terms.

 

     Maturity         
     Due in One Year or
Less
     Due After One Year
Through Five Years
     Due After Five
Years
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)         

Domestic

           

Government

     9,087        7,059        4,595        20,741  

Agriculture

     423        427        227        1,076  

Industrial

     6,158        4,332        3,180        13,670  

Real estate and construction

     4,704        4,285        6,190        15,179  

Commercial and financial

     7,893        3,656        1,562        13,111  

Loans to individuals

     11,114        23,152        68,034        102,299  

Other

     6,247        6,059        4,108        16,415  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Domestic

     45,626        48,970        87,896        182,492  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Foreign

           

Government

     805        2,322        11,005        14,132  

Agriculture

     1,742        884        610        3,236  

Industrial

     15,302        17,315        10,785        43,402  

Real estate and construction

     6,852        10,167        4,804        21,822  

Commercial and financial

     20,718        10,313        2,902        33,933  

Loans to individuals

     17,513        22,150        50,318        89,981  

Other

     12,401        19,924        9,305        41,630  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Foreign

     75,332        83,074        89,730        248,136  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Loans and Advances

     120,958        132,044        177,626        430,629  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our fixed and variable rate loans which had a maturity of one year or more as of December 31, 2016.

 

     Interest Sensitivity of Outstanding Loans and Advances
Maturing in One Year or More
 
     Domestic      Foreign      Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Fixed rate

     12,320        92,683        105,003  

Variable rate

     124,546        80,121        204,667  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total loans and advances

     136,866        172,804        309,669  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Impairment Losses on Loans and Advances

For a discussion of loan loss reserves, see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Critical Accounting Policies—Impairment losses on financial assets” and Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table provides information, by domicile of customer, regarding our loan loss reserve and movements of loan charge-offs and recoveries for periods indicated.

 

     As of and for the year ended December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013     2012  
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

Loan loss reserve at beginning of period:

          

Domestic

     12,357       9,832       10,510       9,638       4,689  

Foreign

     6,385       4,441       4,480       4,506       4,440  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loan loss reserve at beginning of period

     18,742       14,273       14,990       14,144       9,129  

Loans charged off:

          

Total domestic (1)

     (3,298     (3,340     (2,628     (1,965     (2,283

Total foreign (2)

     (2,400     (1,933     (1,836     (1,709     (1,824
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total loans charged off:

     (5,698     (5,273     (4,464     (3,674     (4,107

Provision for possible loan losses:

          

Domestic

     1,095       1,933       2,308       3,420       5,868  

Foreign

     3,046       2,804       2,439       2,522       2,287  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total provision for possible loan losses

     4,141       4,737       4,747       5,942       8,155  

Acquisition and disposition of subsidiaries(3)

     —         6,572       —         (30     2,066  

Effect of foreign currency translation

     (601     (862     (119     (557     40  

Other

     (567     (705     (881     (835     (1,139
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loan loss reserve at end of period:

          

Domestic

     9,113       12,357       9,832       10,510       9,638  

Foreign

     6,903       6,385       4,441       4,480       4,506  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Loan loss reserve at end of period

     16,016       18,742       14,273       14,990       14,144  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loan loss reserve as a percentage of total loans and receivables at end of period

     3.44     3.97     3.80     4.27     3.81

Net loan charge-offs as a percentage of total loans and receivables at end of period

     1.22     1.11     1.19     1.05     1.11

 

(1)  Domestic loans charged off in 2016 and 2015 were mainly related to the real estate sector.
(2)  Foreign loans charged off in 2016 include €2,012 million related to real estate loans and loans to individuals and others and €361 million related to commercial and financial loans. Loans charged off in 2015 include €1,904 million related to real estate loans and loans to individuals and others and €16 million related to commercial and financial loans.
(3)  Includes amounts related to the acquisition of Garanti and Catalunya Banc in 2015. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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When the recovery of any recognized amount is considered to be remote, this amount is removed from the consolidated balance sheet, without prejudice to any actions taken by the consolidated entities in order to collect the amount until their rights extinguish in full through expiry, forgiveness or for other reasons.

The loans charged off amounted to €5,698 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared with €5,239 million during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Our loan loss reserves as a percentage of total loans and advances increased to 3.4% as of December 31, 2016 from 4.0 % as of December 31, 2015.

Impaired Loans

As described in Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, loans are considered to be impaired loans when there are reasonable doubts that the loans will be recovered in full and/or the related interest will be collected for the amounts and on the dates initially agreed upon, taking into account the guarantees received by the consolidated entities to ensure (in part or in full) the performance of the loans.

Amounts collected in relation to impaired loans and receivables are used to recognize the related accrued interest and any excess amount is used to reduce the unpaid principal. The approximate amount of interest income on our impaired loans which was included in profit attributable to parent company in 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was €264.2 million, €253.9 million, €231.2 million, €253.3 million and €228.1 million, respectively.

The following table provides information regarding our impaired loans, by domicile and type of customer, as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014     2013     2012  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Impaired loans

          

Domestic

     16,360       19,481       18,563       20,985       15,165  

Public sector

     270       191       172       158       145  

Other resident sector

     16,090       19,290       18,391       20,826       15,019  

Foreign

     6,565       5,882       4,167       4,493       4,836  

Public sector

     42       21       8       11       20  

Other non-resident sector

     6,523       5,860       4,159       4,482       4,816  

Total impaired loans

     22,925       25,363       22,730       25,478       20,001  

Total loan loss reserve

     (16,016     (18,742     (14,273     (14,990     (14,144

Impaired loans net of reserves

     6,908       6,621       8,457       10,488       5,857  

Our total impaired loans amounted to €22,925 million as of December 31, 2016, a 9.6% decrease compared with €25,363 million as of December 31, 2015. This decrease was mainly attributable to a decline in domestic impaired loans, particularly in the real estate sector.

As mentioned in Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, our loan loss reserve includes loss reserve for impaired assets and loss reserve for unimpaired assets but which present an inherent loss. As of December 31, 2016, the loan loss reserve amounted to €16,016 million, a 14.5% decrease compared with €18,742 million as of December 31, 2015. This decrease in our loan loss reserve is mainly attributable to a decline in domestic impaired loans, particularly in the real estate sector.

 

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The following tables provide information, by domicile and type of customer, regarding our impaired loans and the loan loss reserves to customers taken for each impaired loan category, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

     Impaired
Loans
     Loan Loss
Reserve
     Impaired Loans
as a Percentage
of Loans by
Category
 
     (In Millions of Euros)         

Domestic:

        

Government

     270        (31      1.30

Credit institutions

     —          —          0.00

Other sectors

     16,090        (7,385      9.95

Agriculture

     104        (47      9.64

Industrial

     1,134        (581      8.29

Real estate and construction

     6,262        (3,521      41.25

Commercial and other financial

     1,206        (731      9.19

Loans to individuals

     5,992        (1,744      5.86

Other

     1,392        (761      8.48
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Domestic

     16,360        (7,416      8.96
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Foreign:

        

Government

     42        (12      0.30

Credit institutions

     10        (7      0.00

Other sectors

     6,523        (3,356      2.79

Agriculture

     117        (67      3.62

Industrial

     1,159        (457      2.67

Real estate and construction

     537        (245      2.46

Commercial and other financial

     661        (346      1.95

Loans to individuals

     2,809        (1,573      3.12

Other

     1,240        (675      2.98
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Foreign

     6,565        (3,375      2.65
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

General reserve

     —          (5,224   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total impaired loans

     22,925        (16,016      5.65
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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     Impaired
Loans
     Loan Loss
Reserve
     Impaired Loans
as a Percentage
of Loans by
Category
 
     (In Millions of Euros)         

Domestic:

        

Government

     191        (34      0.81

Credit institutions

     —          —          —    

Other sectors

     19,290        (9,468      11.44

Agriculture

     107        (44      10.06

Industrial

     1,657        (1,020      10.99

Real estate and construction

     7,732        (4,534      41.52

Commercial and other financial

     1,284        (746      11.11

Loans to individuals

     5,977        (1,942      5.68

Other

     2,533        (1,182      14.71
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Domestic

     19,481        (9,502      10.13
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Foreign:

        

Government

     21        (11      0.14

Credit institutions

     30        (23      0.09

Other sectors

     5,831        (3,291      2.58

Agriculture

     124        (64      3.82

Industrial

     776        (412      1.85

Real estate and construction

     400        (246      1.97

Commercial and other financial

     612        (314      1.91

Loans to individuals

     2,840        (1,572      3.19

Other

     1,078        (684      2.75
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total Foreign

     5,882        (3,324      2.44
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

General reserve

     —          (5,916   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Total impaired loans

     25,363        (18,742      5.87
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Troubled Debt Restructurings

As of December 31, 2016, “troubled debt restructurings”, as described in Appendix XI to our Consolidated Financial Statements, totaling €11,418 million were not considered impaired loans.

Potential Problem Loans

The identification of “Potential problem loans” is based on the analysis of historical non-performing asset ratio trends, categorized by products/clients and geographical locations. This analysis is focused on the identification of portfolios with non-performing asset ratio higher than our average non-performing asset ratio. Once these portfolios are identified, we segregate such portfolios into groups with similar characteristics based on the activities to which they are related, geographical location, type of collateral, solvency of the client and loan to value ratio.

The non-performing asset ratio in our domestic real estate and construction portfolio was 41.2% as of December 31, 2016 (compared with 41.5% as of December 31, 2015), substantially higher than the average non-performing asset ratio for all of our domestic activities (9.0% as of December 31, 2016 and 10.1% as of December 31, 2015) and the average non-performing asset ratio for all of our consolidated activities (4.9% as of December 31, 2016 and 5.4% as of December 31, 2015). Within such portfolio, construction loans and property development loans (which exclude mainly infrastructure and civil construction) had a non-performing asset ratio of 25.3% as of December 31, 2016 (compared with 23.7% as of December 31, 2015). Given such non-performing asset ratio, we performed an analysis in order to define the level of loan provisions attributable to these loan portfolios (see Note 2.2.1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements).

Foreign Country Outstandings

The following table sets forth, as of the end of the years indicated, the aggregate amounts of our cross-border outstandings (which consist of loans, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, acceptances and other monetary assets denominated in a currency other than the home-country currency of the office where the item is booked) where outstandings in the borrower’s country exceeded 1% of our total assets as of December 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Cross-border outstandings do not include loans in local currency made

 

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by our subsidiary banks to customers in other countries to the extent that such loans are funded in the local currency or hedged. As a result, they do not include the vast majority of the loans made by our subsidiaries in South America, Mexico, Turkey and the United States or other regions which are not listed below.

 

     2016     2015     2014  
     Amount      % of Total
Assets
    Amount      % of Total
Assets
    Amount      % of Total
Assets
 
     (In Millions of Euros, Except Percentages)  

United Kingdom

     5,854        0.8     7,306        1.0     5,816        0.9

Mexico

     1,947        0.3     2,134        0.3     1,606        0.3

Turkey

     1,665        0.2     1,974        0.3     —          —    

Other OECD

     7,745        1.1     8,124        1.1     6,162        1.0

Total OECD

     17,211        2.4     19,538        2.7     13,584        2.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Central and South America

     4,001        0.6     3,434        0.5     2,850        0.4

Other

     4,056        0.6     4,888        0.7     4,773        0.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     25,268        3.5     27,860        3.8     21,207        3.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table sets forth the amounts of our cross-border outstandings as of December 31 of the years indicated below by type of borrower where outstandings in the borrower’s country exceeded 1% of our total assets.

 

     Governments      Banks and Other
Financial Institutions
     Commercial,
Industrial and Other
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

As of December 31, 2016

           

Mexico

     160        5        1,781        1,947  

Turkey

     105        439        1,120        1,665  

United Kingdom

     —          3,732        2,122        5,854  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     266        4,176        5,024        9,466  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2015

           

Mexico

     166        4        1,965        2,134  

United Kingdom

     —          4,661        2,646        7,306  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     166        4,665        4,611        9,440  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014

           

Mexico

     125        17        1,646        1,606  

United Kingdom

     —          2,999        2,817        5,816  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     125        3,016        4,463        7,422  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Bank of Spain requires that minimum reserves be maintained for cross-border risk arising with respect to loans and other outstandings to countries, or residents of countries, falling into certain categories established by the Bank of Spain on the basis of the level of perceived transfer risk. The category that a country falls into is determined by us, subject to review by the Bank of Spain.

 

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The following table shows the minimum required reserves with respect to each category of country for BBVA’s level of coverage as of December 31, 2016.

 

Categories(1)

   Minimum Percentage of Coverage
(Outstandings Within Category)
 

Countries belonging to the OECD whose currencies are listed in the Spanish foreign exchange market

     0.0  

Countries with transitory difficulties(2)

     10.1  

Doubtful countries(2)

     22.8  

Very doubtful countries(2)(3)

     83.5  

Bankrupt countries(4)

     100.0  

 

(1)  Any outstanding which is guaranteed may be treated, for the purposes of the foregoing, as if it were an obligation of the guarantor.
(2)  Coverage for the aggregate of these three categories (countries with transitory difficulties, doubtful countries and very doubtful countries) must equal at least 35% of outstanding loans within the three categories. The Bank of Spain has recommended up to 50% aggregate coverage.
(3)  Outstandings to very doubtful countries are treated as impaired under Bank of Spain regulations.
(4)  Outstandings to bankrupt countries must be charged off immediately. As a result, no such outstandings are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet. Notwithstanding the foregoing minimum required reserves, certain interbank outstandings with an original maturity of three months or less have minimum required reserves of 50%. We met or exceeded the minimum percentage of required coverage with respect to each of the foregoing categories.

Our exposure to borrowers in countries with difficulties (the last four categories in the foregoing table), excluding our exposure to subsidiaries or companies we manage and trade-related debt, amounted to €104 million, €130 million and €192 million as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These figures do not reflect loan loss reserves of 35.6%, 29.2%, and 16.7% respectively, of the relevant amounts outstanding at such dates. Deposits with or loans to borrowers in all such countries as of December 31, 2016 did not in the aggregate exceed 0.01% of our total assets.

The country-risk exposures described in the preceding paragraph as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 do not include exposures for which insurance policies have been taken out with third parties that include coverage of the risk of confiscation, expropriation, nationalization, non-transfer, non-convertibility and, if appropriate, war and political violence. The sums insured as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $90 million, $81 million and $118 million, respectively (approximately €85 million, €74 million and €97 million, respectively, based on a euro/dollar exchange rate on December 31, 2016 of $1.00 = €0.95, on December 31, 2015 of $1.00 = €0.92, and on December 31, 2014 of $1.00 = €0.82).

 

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LIABILITIES

Deposits

The principal components of our customer deposits are domestic demand and savings deposits and foreign time deposits. The following tables provide information regarding our deposits by principal geographic area for the dates indicated.

 

     As of December 31, 2016  
     Customer
Deposits
     Bank of Spain and
Other Central
Banks
     Other Credit
Institutions
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Domestic

     161,022        26,602        6,768        186,771  

Foreign

           

Europe

     30,949        101        38,338        69,388  

Mexico

     54,117        2,400        3,663        69,034  

South America

     50,282        2,407        4,035        57,658  

The United States

     62,311        38        5,040        67,995  

Turkey

     38,211        3,191        1,463        44,021  

Other

     4,572        —          4,194        8,766  

Total Foreign

     240,442        8,138        56,733        316,863  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     401,465        34,740        63,501        503,634  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31, 2015  
     Customer
Deposits
     Bank of Spain and
Other Central
Banks
     Other Credit
Institutions
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Domestic

     168,689        19,014        8,262        195,965  

Foreign

           

Europe

     35,770        101        39,896        75,767  

Mexico

     51,422        11,254        1,643        64,319  

South America

     44,469        3,341        4,423        52,233  

The United States

     62,988        619        7,391        70,998  

Other

     36,036        4,348        1,786        42,170  

Total Foreign

     3,988        1,411        5,142        10,541  

Total

     234,673        21,073        60,281        316,027  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     403,362        40,087        68,543        511,992  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     As of December 31, 2014  
     Customer
Deposits
     Bank of Spain and
Other Central
Banks
     Other Credit
Institutions
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Total Domestic

     143,721        17,568        10,213        171,502  

Foreign

           

Europe

     18,187        101        39,004        57,292  

Mexico

     46,678        8,596        3,063        58,337  

South America

     58,239        1,091        6,402        65,732  

The United States

     50,902        —          4,610        55,512  

Other

     1,607        824        1,725        4,156  

Total Foreign

     175,613        10,611        54,804        241,028  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     319,334        28,178        65,017        412,529  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

For an analysis of our deposits, including non-interest bearing demand deposits, interest-bearing demand deposits, saving deposits and time deposits, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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As of December 31, 2016, the maturity of our time deposits (excluding interbank deposits) in denominations of $100,000 or greater was as follows:

 

     As of December 31, 2016  
     Domestic      Foreign      Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

3 months or under

     11,956        42,538        54,495  

Over 3 to 6 months

     6,546        7,805        14,351  

Over 6 to 12 months

     10,353        12,064        22,417  

Over 12 months

     11,828        10,811        22,639  

Total

     40,682        73,219        113,902  

Time deposits from Spanish and foreign financial institutions amounted to €30,826 million as of December 31, 2016, substantially all of which were in excess of $100,000.

Large denomination deposits may be a less stable source of funds than demand and savings deposits because they are more sensitive to variations in interest rates. For a breakdown by currency of customer deposits as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Short-term Borrowings

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and promissory notes issued by us constituted the only categories of short-term borrowings that equaled or exceeded 30% of stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

     As of and for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2016
    As of and for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2015
    As of and for the
Year Ended
December 31, 2014
 
     Amount      Average
rate
    Amount      Average
rate
    Amount      Average
rate
 
     (In Millions of Euro, Except Percentages)  

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (principally Spanish treasury bills):

               

As of end of period

     39,682        1.6     50,342        1.0     48,538        0.6

Average during period

     39,589        1.4     47,954        0.9     45,702        0.9

Maximum quarter-end balance

     41,399        —         50,342        —         48,538        —    

Bank promissory notes:

               

As of end of period

     1,033        0.2     516        0.3     1,070        1.7

Average during period

     883        0.7     2,239        1.0     1,000        1.4

Maximum quarter-end balance

     1,079        —         3,354        —         1,107        —    

Bonds and subordinated debt :

               

As of end of period

     14,708        3.7     14,741        3.4     15,070        3.7

Average during period

     15,092        3.5     15,320        2.2     14,791        3.0

Maximum quarter-end balance

     16,016        —         15,693        —         15,503        —    

Total short-term borrowings as of end of period

     55,423        2.1     65,598        1.5     64,677        1.3

 

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Return Ratios

The following table sets out our return ratios:

 

     As of or for the Year Ended December 31,  
     2016     2015     2014  
     (In Percentages)  

Return on stockholders’ funds (1)

     6.7     5.3     5.6

Return on assets(2)

     0.6     0.5     0.5

Dividend pay-out ratio(3)

     33.5       45.9       24.7  

Equity to assets ratio(4)

     7.6     7.7     7.8

 

(1)  Represents profit attributable to parent company for the year as a percentage of average stockholder’s funds for the year, excluding “Non-controlling interest”.
(2)  Represents profit attributable to parent company as a percentage of average total assets for the year.
(3)  Represents dividends declared by BBVA (including the cash remuneration paid under the “Dividend Option” scheme) as a percentage of profit attributable to parent company. This ratio does not take into account the non-cash remuneration paid by BBVA under the “Dividend Option” scheme (in the form of BBVA shares or ADSs). See “—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends—Scrip Dividend” and “Item 8. Financial Information—Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Dividends”.
(4)  Represents average total equity over average total assets.

F. Competition

The commercial banking sector in Spain has undergone significant consolidation. In the majority of the markets where we provide financial services, the Banco Santander Group is our largest competitor, but the restructuring processes that have been underway for several years have increased the size of certain banks, such as Bankia (an integration of seven regional saving banks, led by Caja Madrid), Caixabank (which acquired Banco de Valencia, Banca Cívica and Barclays’s Spanish operations), Banco Popular and Banco Sabadell.

We face strong competition in all of our principal areas of operations. The low interest rate environment which depresses interest income and the ongoing de-leveraging process makes competition quite fierce in the Spanish market. In particular, competition is particularly intense in the credit market for lending to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), where new credit interest rates have fallen from an average of 5.0% by mid-2014 to around 2.3% at December 2016, getting closer to not covering credit costs.

In addition, in the aftermath of the financial crisis, the need for a more balanced funding structure led to increased competition for deposits in Spain. While the low interest rate environment has depressed deposits’ remuneration, there seems to be a zero interest rate floor as deposit rates are not entering negative territory. The Bank of Spain, through its Circular 3/2011, of June 30, required that a higher contribution be made to the Deposit Guarantee Scheme (DGS) in connection with deposits the remuneration of which exceeded certain thresholds dependent on the evolution of the Euribor. However, this requirement was removed in the summer of 2012. Former Spanish savings banks, many of which have become banks and received financial or other forms of support from the Spanish government and the European Stability Mechanism, and money market mutual funds provide strong competition for savings deposits and, in the case of savings banks, for other retail banking services. While the European Commission has imposed certain size limits on institutions receiving public capital, such limits only affect entities that account for around 30% of the total assets of the Spanish financial system which, in addition, have a relatively long period (five years) to comply with such limits. Some of these entities remain particularly active in some sectors, for example, in lending to SMEs.

 

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Credit cooperatives, which are active principally in rural areas where they provide savings and loan services and related services such as the financing of agricultural machinery and supplies, are also a source of competition. The entry of “fintech companies” and on-line banks into the Spanish banking system has also increased competition, especially in payment services. Insurance companies and other financial service firms also compete for customer funds. In addition, despite their recent decline, the high interest rates offered by Spanish public debt has made it a strong competitor for deposits. Like commercial banks, former savings banks, insurance companies and other financial service firms are expanding the services offered to consumers in Spain. We face competition in mortgage loans from saving banks and, to a lesser extent, cooperatives.

Furthermore, the EU Directive on Investment Services took effect on December 31, 1995. The EU Directive permits all brokerage houses authorized to operate in other member states of the EU to carry out investment services in Spain. Although the EU Directive is not specifically addressed to banks, it affects the activities of banks operating in Spain. Besides, several initiatives have been implemented recently in order to facilitate the creation of a Pan-European financial market. For example, SEPA (Single Euro Payments Area), which is a payment-integration initiative for simplification of bank transfers, direct debits and payment cards mainly within the EU and the MiFID project (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive), which aims to create a European framework for investment services. In addition, decisive steps are being taken towards achieving a banking union in Europe (as agreed at a Eurogroup meeting in June 2012). The ECB started to work as a single supervisor in November 2014, supervising around 123 entities (including us) in the Eurozone. In addition, the foundations of a single resolution mechanism were set with the agreement on the regulation and contributions to the Fund and the appointment of the SRB which is operational since January 1, 2015. In addition, a new instrument of bank direct recapitalization was created within the ESM. The bail-in tool included in the BRRD entered into force on January 1, 2016. The creation of a common deposit-guarantee scheme (the EDIS) was proposed by the European Commission in November 2015 in order to complete the current banking union process. More recently, in November 2016, the Bank of Spain Circular 7/2016 entered into force and modified the calculation of provisions by Spanish banks.

Following the financial turmoil, a number of banks have disappeared or have been absorbed by other banks. We believe this trend will likely continue in the future, with a number of mergers and acquisitions between financial entities both domestically and at the European level. In Spain, the recapitalization of several entities with public funds and their subsequent privatization, with the purpose of achieving a stronger banking sector, has intensified this process. In this vein, it is possible that Bankia and BMN merge, as the FROB owns more than 60% of both entities. In the U.S., the government has facilitated the purchase of troubled banks by other competitors, and European governments, including the Spanish government, have expressed their willingness to facilitate these types of operations.

In the United States, where we operate primarily through BBVA Compass, the competitive landscape has also been significantly affected by the financial crisis. The U.S. banking industry has experienced significant impairment of its assets since 2009, which resulted in losses in selected product categories and slow loan growth. U.S. commercial banks have largely recovered from the crisis, although the mortgage delinquency rate remained high at 4.25% in December 2016, according to the Federal Reserve. Commercial banks continue to make strides toward healthy balance sheets, with delinquency and charge-off rates falling throughout 2016. Consumer delinquencies of the system have actually fallen below pre-crisis levels. Commercial real estate asset quality has also improved steadily with the delinquency rate at 0.84% as of December 31, 2016 according to the Federal Reserve. Asset quality has improved since the crisis, and we expect these positive trends to continue on the back of rising economic confidence despite increased uncertainty due to the new administration.

In Turkey, where we operate through Garanti, competition remains high mainly from the three public banks operating in the region, which accounted for 33% of total loans as of December 31, 2016, and from private banks, with an estimated aggregate market share (including Garanti) of approximately 58% as of December 2016. Development banks and the so called “participation banks” (banks that operate under the ethos of Islamic banking) accounted for the remaining 9%. During 2016, credit in Turkey grew at a more moderate pace than in prior years given the uncertainties in foreign and domestic markets, although it grew at double-digit rates year-on-year in local currency. Overall loans to individuals in Turkey increased by 17% in local currency during 2016 (source: BRSA). Adjusted for the effect of the depreciation of the Turkish lira, such rate would be closer to 11%. Growth in customer funds also slowed in 2016, although it remained at double digit rates year-on-year in local currency (deposits grew by 17% in 2016 in local currency).

 

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In Mexico, where we operate through BBVA Bancomer, the banking industry remained solvent throughout the financial crisis. The banking system has remained solid during 2016, with total bank lending showing double-digit growth, although slightly below last year’s growth rate (an increase of 12.9% in 2016, compared to an increase of 14.7% in 2015). The amount of total banking deposits maintained in 2016 roughly the same growth rate of 2015 at 12.4% year-on-year. Despite the faster growth of total lending and total assets under management, the overall capitalization level remained unchanged at 15.0% as of November 30, 2016.

In Mexico, changes in banking regulation could have a significant potential impact on competition. In particular, the government proposed a Financial Reform Initiative in May 2013 that was approved in January 2014. The reform includes:

 

    Changes in the mandate of development banks (public banks) to foster the growth of the financial system. The reform allowed for a modern management of internal organization, use of capital, human resources and talent.

 

    Measures to promote competition in the financial sector to make financial services less expensive. The reform strengthened the powers of the financial ombudsman, the Condusef, to regulate the relationship between financial institutions and consumers, allowed it to issue public recommendations to financial institutions; created a bureau of financial institutions aimed at strengthening market discipline; and established a new arbitral system for conflict resolution, among others. The reform also made it easier for consumers to switch mortgages. Overall greater competition in this market has resulted in lower interest rates and better conditions for consumers. A new framework for the regulation of card payment systems was also introduced for the ultimate benefit of financial consumers.

 

    Additional incentives to boost lending. The reform also aimed to redress the shortcomings and difficulties of guarantee execution which eventually translated in higher prices and worse conditions for financial consumers in general. The reform amended judicial proceedings, safeguarded lenders rights and expedited execution of pledged assets (without the need of an execution proceeding or a court ruling on the matter). These changes may have contributed to the positive performance of credit in recent months. The introduction of specialized courts for financial matters, one of the reform’s most promising improvements and with greater potential to further expand credit, remains pending. Once in place, these courts should resolve matters in a more expedited and efficient way, allowing for example the quick execution of guarantees for the immediate benefit of lenders. These courts should help reduce overall judicial costs, strengthen market discipline and enable greater competition through cleaner prices.

 

    The improvement of prudential regulation to strengthen the financial and banking systems.

It is early to determine the definitive impact that the financial reform has had on the level of competition of the Mexican financial system. Credit has performed positively since the approval of the reform but this may also be the result of a relatively stable and positive overall macroeconomic performance. Further, both commercial and development bank credit had already engaged in a growth cycle well before the reform was unveiled as both credit portfolios have shown real annual growth from 2010 onwards. Although the new regulatory framework may have contributed to the recent success, the real impact of the reform should manifest in the medium and long term.

In addition, any changes in laws, regulations and policies pursued by the incoming U.S. Government may adversely affect the emerging markets in which the Group operates, particularly Mexico due to the trade and other ties between Mexico and the United States.

 

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G. Cybersecurity and Fraud Management

Digital transformation has become a strategic priority for the financial sector and in particular for BBVA. In this regard, it is vital to protect our trademark, our assets and the information of our customers from existent threats in the digital world.

To obtain this objective, we have a Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) which is responsible for preventing, alerting and responding to cyber threats. We believe that the CERT can adapt quickly and innovate solutions to solve the challenges needed to digitally transform the BBVA Group, while keeping up with the frequent changes to cyber-crime technology.

With the objective of maintaining the best practices of the international financial sector, in 2016 a Technology and Cybersecurity Committee was created in the BBVA Group. This committee is composed of four Board members and is chaired by the Chief Executive Officer of BBVA.

During 2016, BBVA has consolidated the implementation of the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard with the control and management framework of cyber security.

Lastly, BBVA has a strong commitment to the protection of its customers, and to this end we work closely with regulators and the bank industry in those countries in which the BBVA Group has a presence, with the goal that customers are always protected.

During 2016, BBVA made progress in the integrity management of all external and internal fraud prevention processes, including the establishment of a corporate fraud committee. The BBVA Group’s global anti-fraud program is focused on preventing and mitigating the impact of fraudulent activities.

 

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Overview

The BBVA Group is a customer-centric global financial services group founded in 1857. It has a solid leadership position in the Spanish market, it is the largest financial institution in Mexico in terms of assets, it has leading franchises in South America and the Sunbelt Region of the United States; moreover, it is also the leading shareholder in Garanti, Turkey’s biggest bank in terms of market capitalization. Its diversified business is focused on high-growth markets and it relies on technology as a key sustainable competitive advantage. Corporate responsibility is at the core of its business model. BBVA fosters financial education and inclusion, and supports scientific research and culture.

The BBVA Group operates in Spain through Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A., a private-law entity subject to the laws and regulations governing banking entities operating in Spain. It carries out its activity through branches and agencies across the country and abroad. In addition to the transactions it carries out directly, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. is the parent company of the BBVA Group, which includes a group of subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates performing a wide range of activities.

As of December 31, 2016, the BBVA Group had 134,792 employees, 70 million customers, 8,660 branches and 31,120 ATMs and was present in 35 countries. As of such date the BBVA Group was composed of 370 consolidated entities and 89 entities accounted for using the equity method.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies

The Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 were prepared by the Bank’s directors in accordance with EU-IFRS required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004, and in compliance with IFRS-IASB, and by applying the basis of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, so that they present fairly the Group’s total equity and financial position as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and its results of operations and consolidated cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. The Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared on the basis of the accounting records kept by the Bank and by each of the other Group companies and include the adjustments and reclassifications required to unify the accounting policies and measurement bases used by the Group. See Note 2.2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements estimates were made by the Group and the consolidated companies in order to quantify certain of the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and commitments reported herein. These estimates relate mainly to the following:

 

    The impairment on certain financial assets.

 

    The assumptions used to quantify other provisions and for the actuarial calculation of the post-employment benefit liabilities and commitments.

 

    The useful life and impairment losses of tangible and intangible assets.

 

    The measurement of goodwill.

 

    The fair value of certain unlisted financial assets and liabilities.

 

    The recoverability of deferred tax assets.

 

    The exchange rate and the inflation rate of Venezuela.

Although these estimates were made on the basis of the best information available as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively, on the events analyzed, events that take place in the future might make it necessary to revise these estimates (upwards or downwards) in coming years.

Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contains a summary of our significant accounting policies. We consider certain of these policies to be particularly important due to their effect on the financial reporting of our financial condition and because they require management to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments, some of which may relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Our reported financial condition and results of operations are sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. The nature of critical accounting policies, the judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered when reviewing our Consolidated Financial Statements and the discussion below.

We have identified the accounting policies enumerated below as critical to the understanding of our results of operations, since the application of these policies requires significant management assumptions and estimates that could result in materially different amounts to be reported if the assumptions used or underlying circumstances were to change.

See Note 2.3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on changes to IFRS or their interpretation that will become effective after the date of this Annual Report.

 

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Fair value of financial instruments

The fair value of an asset or a liability on a given date is taken to be the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset, or paid, upon the transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The most objective and common reference for the fair value of an asset or a liability is the price that would be paid for it on an organized, transparent and deep market (“quoted price” or “market price”).

If there is no market price for a given asset or liability, its fair value is estimated on the basis of the price established in recent transactions involving similar instruments and, in the absence thereof, by using mathematical measurement models sufficiently tried and trusted by the international financial community. Such estimates would take into consideration the specific features of the asset or liability to be measured and, in particular, the various types of risk associated with the asset or liability. However, the limitations inherent to the measurement models developed and the possible inaccuracies of the assumptions required by these models may signify that the fair value of an asset or liability thus estimated does not coincide exactly with the price for which the asset or liability could be purchased or sold on the date of its measurement.

See Notes 2.2.1 and 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies.

Derivatives and other future transactions

These instruments include outstanding foreign currency purchase and sale transactions, outstanding securities purchase and sale transactions, futures transactions relating to securities, exchange rates or interest rates, forward interest rate agreements, options relating to exchange rates, securities or interest rates and various types of financial swaps.

All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value from the date of arrangement. If the fair value of a derivative is positive, it is recorded as an asset and if it is negative, it is recorded as a liability. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, it is understood that on the date of arrangement the fair value of the derivatives is equal to the transaction price. Changes in the fair value of derivatives after the date of arrangement are recognized with a balancing entry under the heading “Gains or Losses on Financial Assets and Liabilities” in the consolidated income statement.

Specifically, the fair value of the standard financial derivatives included in the held for trading portfolios is equal to their daily quoted price. If, under exceptional circumstances, their quoted price cannot be established on a given date, these derivatives are measured using methods similar to those used to measure over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives.

The fair value of OTC derivatives is equal to the sum of the future cash flows arising from the instruments discounted at the measurement date (“present value” or “theoretical value”). These derivatives are measured using methods recognized by the financial markets, including the net present value (“NPV”) method and option price calculation models.

Financial derivatives that have as their underlying equity instruments, whose fair value cannot be determined in a sufficiently objective manner and are settled by delivery of those instruments, are measured at cost.

Financial derivatives designated as hedging items are included in the heading of the balance sheet “Hedging derivatives”. These financial derivatives are valued at fair value.

See Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies with respect to these instruments.

 

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Goodwill in consolidation

Pursuant to IFRS 3, if the difference on the date of a business combination between the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of all the non-controlling interests and the fair value of equity interest previously held in the acquired entity, on one hand, and the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, on the other hand, is positive, it is recorded as goodwill on the asset side of the balance sheet. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits from assets that cannot be individually identified and separately recognized.

Goodwill is not amortized and is subject periodically to an impairment analysis. Any impaired goodwill is written off.

If the difference is negative, it is recognized directly in the income statement under the heading “Negative goodwill in business combinations”.

Goodwill is allocated to one or more cash-generating units, or CGUs, expected to benefit from the synergies arising from business combinations. The CGUs units represent the Group’s smallest identifiable business and/or geographical segments as managed internally by its directors within the Group.

The CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment based on the carrying amount of the unit including the allocated goodwill. Such testing is performed at least annually and whenever there is an indication of impairment.

For the purpose of determining the impairment of a CGU to which a part or all of goodwill has been allocated, the carrying amount of that CGU, adjusted by the theoretical amount of the goodwill attributable to the non-controlling interest, shall be compared to its recoverable amount. The resulting difference shall be apportioned by reducing, firstly, the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to that unit and, secondly, if there are still impairment losses remaining to be recognized, the carrying amount of the rest of the assets. This shall be done by allocating the remaining difference in proportion to the carrying amount of each of the assets in the CGU. In any case, impairment losses on goodwill can never be reversed.

See Notes 2.2.7 and 2.2.8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies related to goodwill.

The results from each of these tests on the dates mentioned were as follows:

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, no indicators of impairment had been identified in any of the main CGUs.

The Group’s most significant goodwill corresponds to the CGU in the United States. The calculation of the impairment loss used the cash flow projections estimated by the Group’s management, based on the latest budgets available for the next five years. As of December 31, 2016, the Group used a sustainable growth rate of 4.0% (the same rate was considered as of December 31, 2015 and 2014) to extrapolate the cash flows in perpetuity starting on the fifth year (2020), based on the real GDP growth rate of the United States and the income recurrence. The rate used to discount the cash flows is the cost of capital assigned to the CGU, 10.0% as of December 31, 2016 (9.8% and 10.0% as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively), which consists of the free risk rate plus a risk premium.

As of December 31, 2016 if the discount rate had increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the recoverable amount would have decreased or increased by €1,106 million and €1,309 million respectively (€1,117 million and €1,329 million respectively as of December 31, 2015). If the growth rate had increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the recoverable amount would have increased or decreased by €521 million and €441 million respectively (€803 million and €675 million respectively as of December 31, 2015).

As of December 31, 2016 the recoverable amount of our main CGUs was substantially in excess of their carrying value and, as such, was not at risk of impairment.

 

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Insurance contracts

The methods and techniques used to calculate the mathematical reserves for insurance contracts mainly involve the valuation of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the technical interest rate for each contract. Changes in insurance mathematical reserves may occur in the future as a consequence of changes in interest rates and other key assumptions. See Notes 2.2.9 and 23 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies and assumptions about our most significant insurance contracts.

Post-employment benefits and other long term commitments to employees

Pension and post-retirement benefit costs and credits are based on actuarial calculations. Inherent in these calculations are assumptions including discount rates, rate of salary increase and expected return on plan assets. Changes in pension and post-retirement costs may occur in the future as a consequence of changes in interest rates, expected return on assets or other assumptions. See Notes 2.2.12 and 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which contains a summary of our significant accounting policies about pension and post-retirement benefit costs and credits.

Impairment losses on financial assets

As we describe in Note 2.2.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, a loan is considered to be an impaired loan and, therefore, its carrying amount is adjusted to reflect the effect of its impairment when there is objective evidence that events have occurred which give rise to a negative impact on the future cash flows that were estimated at the time the transaction was arranged. The potential impairment of these assets is determined individually or collectively.

Impairment losses on financial assets collectively evaluated for impairment are calculated by using statistical procedures, and they are deemed equivalent to the portion of losses incurred on the date that the consolidated financial statements are prepared that has yet to be allocated to specific assets. The BBVA Group also estimates losses through statistical processes that apply historical data and other specific parameters that, although having been generated as of closing date for these consolidated financial statements, have arisen on an individual basis following the reporting date (“incurred but not reported losses”).

The incurred loss is calculated taking into account three key factors: exposure at default, probability of default and loss given default.

 

    Exposure at default (EAD) is the amount of risk exposure at the date of default by the counterparty.

 

    Probability of default (PD) is the probability of the counterparty failing to meet its principal and/or interest payment obligations. The PD is associated with the rating/scoring of each counterparty/transaction. In addition, the PD calculation includes the loss identification period (‘LIP’) parameter, which is the period between the time at which the event that generates a given loss occurs and the time when the loss is identified at an individual level. The analysis of the LIPs is carried out on the basis of uniform risk portfolios.

 

    Loss given default (LGD) is the estimate of the loss arising in the event of default. It depends mainly on the characteristics of the counterparty, and the valuation of the guarantees or collateral associated with the asset. In order to calculate the LGD at each balance sheet date, the Group evaluates the whole amount expected to be obtained over the remaining life of the financial asset. The recoverable amount from executable secured collateral is estimated based on the property valuation, discounting the necessary adjustments to adequately account for the potential fall in value until its execution and sale, as well as execution costs, maintenance costs and sale costs. When a property right is contractually acquired at the end of the foreclosure process or when the assets of distressed borrowers are purchased, the asset is recognized in the financial statements (see Note 2.2.4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

 

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For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there was no material difference in the amount of incurred losses on loans and advances calculated in accordance with EU-IFRS required to be applied under the Bank of Spain’s Circular 4/2004 and IFRS-IASB.

The estimates of the portfolio’s inherent risks and overall recovery vary with changes in the economy, individual industries, countries and individual borrowers’ or counterparties’ ability and willingness to repay their obligations. The degree to which any particular assumption affects the allowance for credit losses depends on the severity of the change and its relationship to the other assumptions.

Key judgments used in determining the allowance for loan losses include: (i) risk ratings for pools of commercial loans and advances; (ii) market and collateral values and discount rates for individually evaluated loans; (iii) product type classifications for consumer and commercial loans and advances; (iv) loss rates used for consumer and commercial loans and advances; (v) adjustments made to assess current events and conditions; (vi) considerations regarding domestic, global and individual countries economic uncertainty; and (vii) overall credit conditions.

 

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A. Operating Results

Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Trends in Exchange Rates

We are exposed to foreign exchange rate risk in that our reporting currency is the euro, whereas certain of our subsidiaries and investees keep their accounts in other currencies, principally Mexican pesos, U.S. dollars, Turkish liras, Argentine pesos, Chilean pesos, Colombian pesos, Venezuelan bolivar and Peruvian new soles. For example, if Latin American currencies, the U.S. dollar or the Turkish lira depreciate against the euro, when the results of operations of our subsidiaries in the countries using these currencies are included in our consolidated financial statements, the euro value of their results declines, even if, in local currency terms, their results of operations and financial condition have remained the same. By contrast, the appreciation of Latin American currencies, the U.S. dollar or the Turkish lira against the euro would have a positive impact on the results of operations of our subsidiaries in the countries using these currencies when their results of operations are included in our consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates may limit the ability of our results of operations, stated in euro, to fully show the performance in local currency terms of our subsidiaries.

The assets and liabilities of our subsidiaries which maintain their accounts in currencies other than the euro have been converted to the euro at the period-end exchange rates for inclusion in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Income statement items have been converted at the average exchange rates for the period. The following table sets forth the exchange rates of several Latin American currencies, the U.S. dollar and the Turkish lira against the euro, expressed in local currency per €1.00 as averages for 2016, 2015 and 2014 and as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 according to the ECB.

 

     Average Exchange Rates      Period-End Exchange Rates  
     Year Ended
December 31,
2016
     Year Ended
December 31,
2015
     Year Ended
December 31,
2014
     As of December 31,
2016
     As of December 31,
2015
     As of December 31,
2014
 

Mexican peso

     20.6637        17.6109        17.6582        21.7718        18.9147        17.8680  

U.S.dollar

     1.1069        1.1094        1.3283        1.0541        1.0887        1.2141  

Argentine peso

     16.3348        10.2526        10.7680        16.5846        14.1267        10.3830  

Chilean peso

     748.5030        725.6894        756.4297        703.2349        769.8229        736.9197  

Colombian peso

     3,378.3784        3,048.7805        2,652.5199        3,164.5570        3,424.6575        2,906.9767  

Peruvian new sol

     3.7333        3.5314        3.7672        3.5310        3.7092        3.6144  

Venezuelan bolivar (*)

     1,893.9394        469.4836        14.7785        1,893.9394        469.4836        14.5692  

Turkish lira

     3.3427        3.0246        2.9064        3.7072        3.1765        2.8320  

 

(*) With respect to 2016 and 2015, an alternative exchange rate (see “Presentation of Financial Information—Venezuela”) has been used as reference.

During 2016, all of the above currencies depreciated against the euro in average terms, except for the U.S dollar. In particular, the Venezuelan bolivar depreciated significantly (see “Presentation of Financial Information—Venezuela”). With respect to period-end exchange rates, there was a period-on-period appreciation against the euro of the U.S. dollar, Chilean peso, Colombian peso and Peruvian new sol, and a period-on-period depreciation of the rest of currencies against euro, which was particularly significant for the Venezuelan bolivar. The overall effect of changes in exchange rates was negative for the period-on-period comparison of the Group’s income statement and was negative for the period-on-period comparison of the Group’s balance sheet.

During 2015, all of the above currencies appreciated against the euro in average terms, except for the Colombian peso, the Turkish lira and the Venezuelan bolivar, which, in the case of the Venezuelan bolivar, depreciated significantly. With respect to period-end exchange rates, there was a period-on-period depreciation of all of the above currencies against the euro, except for the U.S. dollar. The overall effect of changes in exchange rates was positive for the period-on-period comparison of the Group’s income statement and was negative for the period-on-period comparison of the Group’s balance sheet.

 

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When comparing two dates or periods in this Annual Report we have sometimes excluded the impact of changes in exchange rates by assuming constant exchange rates. In particular, with respect to income statement amounts, we have used the average exchange rate for the later period for both periods and, with respect to balance sheet amounts, we have used the closing exchange rate of such later period.

Consolidation of Garanti

On November 19, 2014, the Group signed agreements with Doğuş Holding A.Ş., Ferit Faik Şahenk, Dianne Şahenk and Defne Şahenk to acquire 62,538,000,000 additional shares of Garanti in the aggregate (equivalent to 14.89% of the capital of Garanti). Upon the closing of this acquisition in July 2015, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s share capital and started to consolidate Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements as we determined we were able to control such entity. On March 22, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital expenditures—2017.”

The acquisition completed in 2015 resulted in certain changes in our operating segments. In particular, since January 1, 2015, our former Eurasia segment has been recast into the following two segments: Turkey, which consists of our stake in Garanti (25.01% until July 27, 2015, 39.90% from July 27, 2015 to March 22, 2017 and 49.85% since March 22, 2017), and Rest of Eurasia, which includes the retail and wholesale businesses carried out in Europe and Asia, other than in Spain and Turkey.

In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect our current reporting structure. This revision did not affect the Group’s consolidated income statement. See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Acquisition of Catalunya Banc

On April 24, 2015, once the necessary authorizations had been obtained and all the agreed conditions precedent had been fulfilled, BBVA announced the acquisition of 1,947,166,809 shares of Catalunya Banc, S.A. (approximately 98.4% of its share capital) for a price of approximately €1,165 million. Previously, on July 21, 2014, the Management Commission of the FROB had accepted BBVA’s bid in the competitive auction for the acquisition of Catalunya Banc. Such acquisition had an impact on the results of operations of the Banking Activity in Spain segment during 2015, affecting the comparability of the segment in 2015 with prior periods. As of December 31, 2016, Catalunya Banc had been fully merged into BBVA.

Operating Environment

Our results of operations are dependent, to a large extent, on the level of demand for our products and services (primarily loans and deposits but also intermediation of financial products such as sovereign or corporate debt) in the countries in which we operate. Demand for our products and services in those countries is affected by the overall performance of their respective economies regarding activity, employment, inflation and, particularly, interest rates. The demand for loans and saving products correlates positively with income, which correlates in turn with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the employment and corporate profits evolution. Regarding interest rates, they have a direct impact on banking results as the banking activity mainly relies on the generation of positive interest margins by paying lower interest than the interest received on investments. However, it should be noted that higher interest rates, everything equal, also reduce the demand for banking loans and increase the cost of funding of the banking business.

In spite of recent improvement, the world growth remains anchored at historical low levels, c. 3% in 2016 according to BBVA Research estimates, well below the 2015 estimation (3.5%) and its long-term average around 3.5%. This deceleration path is similar for the advanced economies GDP at the same time that emerging markets GDP growth keeps a 4% rate. World GDP growth perspectives are around 3.2% in 2017 according to BBVA Research forecasts.

Regarding the evolution of key economic areas for the Group, after growing by 3.2% in 2016, the Spanish economy continued to expand at an annualized rate slightly higher than 3.0% in the first quarter of 2017. According to BBVA Research’s current estimates, growth is expected to slow down towards an average of 2.7% in 2017. Some of the tailwinds of the Spanish economy, which had an expansionary effect on growth, are losing momentum: the fall of oil prices

 

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has stopped, the euro exchange rate depreciation has finished, price-competitiveness does not improve and interest rates do not register further decreases and the fiscal policy stance is less growth supportive than in the past. However, improvements in the credit market and the structural economic reforms implemented in Spain, including that of the labor market, are expected to remain anchors for economic growth in Spain.

The Mexican GDP grew by 2.0% in 2016 under a slowing rhythm that will likely intensify at least in the first part of 2017. The cooling-off of GDP in 2016 stemmed from the downward trend in some demand components of aggregate demand, both domestic and foreign, and especially in public investment and exports. Fiscal policy tightening and diminished demand from the United States were the main factors behind this evolution, BBVA Research forecasts GDP to grow around 1% in 2017. However Mexico’s outlook is plagued with uncertainty which mainly stems from the new U.S. administration’s economic policy, especially as regards trade and migration issues. Against this backdrop, sound fiscal policy and monetary policy oriented to price’s stability would be crucial for limiting the impact of uncertainties around the Mexican economy.

As regards Turkey, the preparation of Turkish’s National Accounts in accordance with the ESA 2010 methodology resulted in higher GDP levels for prior years. The annual GDP growth in the period 2011-15 was 7.1% on average compared to 4.4% according to previous estimation. 2016 annual GDP growth is estimated to have decreased to 2.3% weighted by the tightening of foreign funding conditions, the end of the fall in oil prices, and the uncertainty stemming from a challenging geopolitical and political background. However, GDP evolution is expected to benefit from a monetary policy which is focused on price stability and the possible implementation of a fiscal policy that supports demand.

South America GDP growth (based on the weighted average of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela, according to their GDP size) was negative in 2016 (-1.4% according to BBVA Research estimates) due to the combined effect of lower commodity prices, lower demand from China, tougher global financial conditions and domestic problems in some economies such as Brazil and Argentina. While growth prospects for 2017 are supported by higher commodity prices, monetary easing and infrastructure investment in some cases, the outlook for this region is adversely affected by uncertainties regarding the impact of U.S. policy actions, the outcome of local elections and delays in planned investment.

The U.S. economy slowed down in 2016. GDP grew by 1.6% (2.6% in 2015) and continued to progress at dual speed, with strong consumption but moderate investment. Private consumption is expected to continue to increase at a similar pace, supported by employment growth, credit availability and more limited inflationary pressures, despite the important role that deleveraging is expected to play. With respect to investment, lower company earnings and the adjustment in the energy and mining sector are expected to continue to weigh on corporate decisions. Additionally, the limited increase of the Federal Reserve’s reference interest rates that started in December 2015 and continued in 2016 and 2017 is coherent with the subdued inflationary pressures. This gives room for maneuver to absorb the impact on the economy of higher real interest rates. All in all, we believe the U.S. economic outlook for 2017 and beyond rests on two key factors: whether the new administration’s ambitious pro-business agenda aimed at boosting investment and employment spurs consumption and investment and whether the administration can uphold the institutions that have given the U.S. economy a comparative advantage.

 

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BBVA Group Results of Operations for 2016 Compared with 2015

The table below shows the Group’s consolidated income statements for 2016 and 2015:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Interest and similar income

     27,708        24,783        11.8  

Interest and similar expenses

     (10,648      (8,761      21.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income

     17,059        16,022        6.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Dividend income

     467        415        12.5  

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

     25        174        (85.6

Fee and commission income

     6,804        6,340        7.3  

Fee and commission expenses

     (2,086      (1,729      20.6  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     1,661        865        92.0  

Exchange differences (net)

     472        1,165        (59.5

Other operating income

     1,272        1,315        (3.3

Other operating expenses

     (2,128      (2,285      (6.9

Income on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     3,652        3,678        (0.7

Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     (2,545      (2,599      (2.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     24,653        23,362        5.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (11,366      (10,836      4.9  

Personnel expenses

     (6,722      (6,273      7.2  

Other administrative expenses

     (4,644      (4,563      1.8  

Depreciation

     (1,426      (1,272      12.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     11,861        11,254        5.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (1,186      (731      62.2  

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (3,801      (4,272      (11.0

Impairment losses on other assets (net)

     (521      (273      90.8  

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net

     70        (2,135      n.m. (1) 

Negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss

     —          26        (100.0

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

     (31      734        n.m. (2) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit before tax

     6,392        4,603        38.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (1,699      (1,274      33.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     4,693        3,328        41.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from discontinued operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     4,693        3,328        41.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     3,475        2,642        31.5  

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     1,218        686        77.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

 

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The changes in our consolidated income statements for 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

Net interest income

The following table summarizes the principal components of net interest income for 2016 compared with 2015.

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Interest and similar income

     27,708        24,783        11.8  

Interest and similar expenses

     (10,648      (8,761      21.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income

     17,059        16,022        6.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €17,059 million, a 6.5% increase compared with the €16,022 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 mainly as a result of the following changes:

 

    in Turkey, net interest income increased as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti in July 2015 and, to a lesser extent, increases in volumes and yields on loans and decreased cost of deposits, partially offset by a decline in the value of the Turkish lira;

 

    in the United States, net interest income increased mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar and, to a lesser extent, the impact of the growth in loans and advances to customers, as well as improving pricing of such loans and advances driven by higher yields in new loan production and the lower costs of deposits;

 

    in the Banking Activity in Spain, net interest income decreased compared to the previous year, mainly as a result of a decrease in loan volumes in an environment of low interest rates;

and was partially offset by the following changes:

 

    in Mexico, net interest income decreased mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso, which more than offset the higher volumes in lending and fund gathering; and

 

    in South America, net interest income decreased mainly as a result of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso, which more than offset the increase in fees related to bills, receivables, checks and credit cards, particularly in Colombia and Argentina.

Dividend income

Dividend income for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €467 million, a 12.5% increase compared with the €415 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in the collection of dividends from our investments in Telefónica S.A. and CNCB.

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €25 million, an 85.6% decrease compared with the €174 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015. This decrease was mainly attributable to the fact that in 2015 the results of operations of Garanti were accounted for using the equity method for six months (through June 30, 2015), whereas we consolidated Garanti’s results throughout 2016 using the full integration method.

Fee and commission income

The breakdown of fee and commission income for 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Bills receivables

     52        94        (44.5

Current accounts

     469        405        15.7  

Credit and debit cards

     2,679        2,336        14.7  

Checks

     207        239        (13.2

Transfers and others payment orders

     578        474        21.9  

Insurance product commissions

     178        171        4.2  

Commitment fees

     237        172        37.5  

Contingent risks

     406        360        12.9  

Asset Management

     839        686        22.4  

Securities fees

     335        283        18.2  

Custody securities

     122        314        (61.1

Other

     701        807        (13.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission income

     6,804        6,340        7.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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Fee and commission income increased by 7.3% to €6,804 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from €6,340 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and, to a lesser extent, increased collection and payment services income, particularly transfers, fees and commissions from credit cards in Mexico and South America.

Fee and commission expenses

The breakdown of fee and commission expenses for 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Credit and debit cards

     1,334        1,113        19.9  

Transfers and others payment orders

     102        92        10.9  

Commissions for selling insurance

     63        69        (8.7

Other fees and commissions

     587        454        29.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission expenses

     2,086        1,729        20.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission expenses increased by 20.6% to €2,086 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from €1,729 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the contribution of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, due to higher expenses assigned to insurance and credit and debit card commissions.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

Net gains on financial assets and liabilities increased by 92.0% to €1,661 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from €865 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of higher ALCO (Assets and Liabilities Committee) portfolio sales in Spain.

The table below provides a breakdown of net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Beginning January 1, 2016, we have modified the sub-captions included in net gain (losses) on financial assets and liabilities. As a result, the breakdown shown below is not directly comparable with the sub-captions included in the 2015 Form 20-F under net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Gains or losses on derecognition of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit or loss, net

     1,375        1,055        30.3  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     1,271        980        29.7  

Loans and receivables

     95        76        23.9  

Other

     10        (1      n.m. (1) 

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net

     248        (409      n.m. (1) 

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, net

     114        126        (9.2

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     (76      93        n.m. (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     1,661        865        92.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

 

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Exchange differences (net)

Exchanges differences (net) decreased from €1,165 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to €472 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, due primarily to the evolution of foreign currencies and exchange rate management, including hedging arrangements.

Other operating income and expenses

Other operating income amounted to €1,272 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, a 3.3% decrease compared with €1,315 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to the lower income from non-financial services, partially offset by higher dividends collected from CNCB.

Other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016, amounted to €2,128 million, a 6.9% decrease compared with the €2,285 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 due primarily to lower expenses from real estate companies.

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

Income on insurance and reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €3,652 million, a 0.7% decrease compared with €3,678 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts for the year ended December 31, 2016 were €2,545 million, a 2.1% decrease compared with the €2,599 million gain recorded for year ended December 31, 2015.

Administration costs

Administration costs for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €11,366 million, a 4.9% increase compared with the €10,836 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and the higher contribution of Catalunya Banc, partially offset by the effect of the depreciation of the currencies in Mexico and South America.

The table below provides a breakdown of personnel expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. Beginning January 1, 2016, we have modified the sub-captions included in administration costs. As a result, the breakdown shown below is not directly comparable with the sub-captions included in the 2015 Form 20-F under administration costs.

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Wages and salaries

     5,267        4,868        8.2  

Social security costs

     784        733        7.0  

Defined contribution plan expense

     87        84        3.6  

Defined benefit plan expense

     67        57        17.5  

Other personnel expenses

     516        531        (2.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Personnel expenses

     6,722        6,273        7.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

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Wages and salary expenses increased 7.2% from €6,273 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to €6,722 million for year ended December 31, 2016, mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti.

The table below provides a breakdown of other administrative expenses for 2016 and 2015:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Technology and systems

     673        625        7.7  

Communications

     294        281        4.8  

Advertising

     398        387        2.9  

Property, fixtures and materials

     1,080        1,030        4.9  

Of which:

        

Rent expenses

     616        591        4.2  

Taxes other than income tax

     433        466        (7.1

Other expenses

     1,766        1,775        (0.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Other administrative expenses

     4,644        4,563        1.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Technology and systems expenses increased 7.7% from €625 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to €673 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, mainly due to the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and higher spending on technology. Property, fixtures and materials expenses increased from €1,030 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 to €1,080 million mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and the higher contribution of Catalunya Banc.

Depreciation

Depreciation for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €1,426 million, an 12.1% increase compared with the €1,272 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, the amortization of software and hardware particularly in the United States affected by the mild appreciation of the U.S. dollar.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €1,186 million, a 62.2% increase compared with the €731 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 mostly as a result of higher provisions related to the invalidity of clauses limiting of interest rates in certain mortgage loans with customers (the so-called “cláusulas suelo”) of €577 million (€404 million after tax).

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €3,801 million, a 11.0% decrease compared with the €4,272 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 mainly due to decreased impaired assets as a result of lower additions to non-performing assets in Spain, higher recovery of written-off assets of the Real Estate Activity in Spain segment and the impact of the depreciation of the majority of our operating currencies against the euro. These effects were partially offset by the change in the consolidation method of Garanti. The Group’s non-performing asset ratio was 4.9% as of December 31, 2016, compared with 5.4% as of December 31, 2015.

 

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Impairment losses on other assets (net)

Impairment losses on other assets (net) for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €521 million, a 90.8% increase compared with the €273 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, due to impairments losses on real estate investment properties in Spain.

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to a gain of €70 million, compared with a loss of €2,135 million recognized for the year ended December 31, 2015. The loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 was mainly the result of the fair value measurement of the stake we already held in Garanti at the time we acquired our additional 14.89% stake in Garanti, which we had to make as a result of the purchase of an additional stake in Garanti and the change in its consolidation method.

Negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss

There was no negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2016. There was €26 million negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc.

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, amounted to a loss of €31 million, compared with a gain of €734 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The gain in 2015 related mainly to capital gains from the sale of the 6.34% stake in CNCB.

Operating profit before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit before tax for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €6,392 million, a 38.9% increase from the €4,603 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €1,699 million, compared with a €1,274 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of higher operating profit before tax and a lower proportion of income with low or zero tax rates (primarily dividends and equity-accounted earnings).

Profit from continuing operations

As a result of the foregoing, profit from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €4,693 million, a 41.0% increase from the €3,328 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Profit from discontinued operations (net)

There was no profit from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2016, nor for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Profit

As a result of the foregoing, profit for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €4,693 million, a 41.0% increase from the €3,328 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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Profit attributable to parent company

Profit attributable to parent company for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €3,475 million, a 31.5% increase from the €2,642 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €1,218 million, a 77.6% increase compared with €686 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and stronger performance of our Peruvian and Argentinian operations where there are minority shareholders, partially offset by the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar.

BBVA Group Results of Operations for 2015 Compared with 2014

The table below shows the Group’s consolidated income statements for 2015 and 2014:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Interest and similar income

     24,783        22,838        8.5  

Interest expense and similar charges

     (8,761      (8,456      3.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income

     16,022        14,382        11.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Dividend income

     415        531        (21.8

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

     174        343        (49.3

Fee and commission income

     6,340        5,530        14.6  

Fee and commission expenses

     (1,729      (1,356      27.5  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     865        1,435        (39.7

Exchange differences (net)

     1,165        699        66.7  

Other operating income

     1,315        959        37.1  

Other operating expenses

     (2,285      (2,705      (15.5

Income on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     3,678        3,622        1.5  

Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     (2,599      (2,714      (4.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     23,362        20,725        12.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (10,836      (9,414      15.1  

Personnel expenses

     (6,273      (5,410      16.0  

Other administrative expenses

     (4,563      (4,004      14.0  

Depreciation

     (1,272      (1,145      11.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     11,254        10,166        10.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (731      (1,142      (36.0

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (4,272      (4,340      (1.6

Impairment losses on other assets (net)

     (273      (297      (8.1

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net

     (2,135      46        n.m. (1) 

Negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss

     26        —          n.m. (1) 

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

     734        (453      n.m. (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit before tax

     4,603        3,980        15.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (1,274      (898      41.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     3,328        3,082        8.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from discontinued operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     3,328        3,082        8.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     2,642        2,618        0.9  

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     686        464        47.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)  Not meaningful.

 

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The changes in our consolidated income statements for 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

Net interest income

The following table summarizes the principal components of net interest income for 2015 compared with 2014.

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Interest and similar income

     24,783        22,838        8.5  

Interest expense and similar charges

     (8,761      (8,456      3.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income

     16,022        14,382        11.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €16,022 million, an 11.4% increase compared with the €14,382 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the following changes:

 

    in the Banking Activity in Spain, due to the impact of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, increased loans and advances to customers;

 

    in Turkey, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti in July 2015 and, to a lesser extent, due to increased volumes of loans resulting from new loan production in most portfolios especially mortgage loans, energy sector and service sector, partially offset by a negative exchange rate effect of the Turkish Liras;

 

    in Mexico, because of Mexican economic growth there has been increased activity, especially in loans and advances to customers; and

 

    in the United States, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, and to a lesser extent, the impact of the growth in loans and advances to customers, partially offset by a negative price effect as a result of the narrow spreads.

All these effects were partially offset by the decrease in the net interest income in South America, mainly due to the negative impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso.

Dividend income

Dividend income for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €415 million, a 21.8% decrease compared with the €531 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the absence of dividends received from CNCB during 2015 whereas in 2014 CNCB dividends amounted to €139 million.

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €174 million, a 49.3% decrease compared with the €343 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014. This decrease was mainly attributable to the fact that in 2015 the results of operations of Garanti were accounted for using the equity method for six months (through June 30, 2015), whereas they were accounted under such method for all of 2014. As explained in further detail in “Presentation of Financial Information—Retrospective Revisions—Changes in Operating Segments”, following the acquisition of an additional 14.89% stake in Garanti in July 2015, we fully consolidate Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements as we determined we were able to control such entity.

 

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Fee and commission income

The breakdown of fee and commission income for 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Bills receivables

     94        77        21.2  

Current accounts

     405        321        26.2  

Credit and debit cards

     2,336        2,061        13.3  

Checks

     239        219        9.1  

Transfers and others payment orders

     474        329        44.1  

Insurance product commissions

     171        79        115.0  

Commitment fees

     172        184        (6.3

Contingent risks

     360        297        21.0  

Asset Management

     686        594        15.4  

Securities fees

     283        274        3.6  

Custody securities

     314        308        1.9  

Other

     807        787        2.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission income

     6,340        5,530        14.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission income increased by 14.6% to €6,340 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from €5,530 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, due to higher revenues from credit and debit cards and from transfers and other payment orders in Mexico and the positive impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. These effects were partially offset by the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso and the Turkish lira.

Fee and commission expenses

The breakdown of fee and commission expenses for 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Credit and debit cards

     1,113        881        26.4  

Transfers and others payment orders

     92        63        47.0  

Commissions for selling insurance

     69        53        29.9  

Other fees and commissions

     454        360        26.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission expenses

     1,729        1,356        27.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Fee and commission expenses increased by 27.5% to €1,729 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from €1,356 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, due to higher expenses assigned to credit and debit cards in Mexico and the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. These effects were partially offset by the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso and the Turkish lira.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) decreased by 39.7% to €865 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 from €1,435 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. During 2015 we generated losses on financial assets held for trading mainly due to derivative transactions of Garanti, and to a lesser extent, losses generated in the South America operating segment, affected by volatility in the wholesale financial markets. Additionally, gains on available-for-sale financial assets decreased by 30.0% to €980 million for the year end December 31, 2015 from €1,400 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a decrease in gains from debt securities and lower ALCO portfolio sales in Spain.

 

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The table below provides a breakdown of net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities for 2015 and 2014:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Gains or losses on derecognition of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit or loss, net

     1,055        1,439        (26.6

Available-for-sale financial assets

     980        1,400        (30.0

Loans and receivables

     76        31        143.6  

Other

     (1      7        n.m. (1) 

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net

     (409      11        n.m. (1) 

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, net

     126        32        286.2  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     93        (47      n.m. (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities

     865        1,435        (39.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

Exchange differences (net) increased from €699 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 to €1,165 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, due primarily to the evolution of foreign currencies and exchange rate management, including hedging arrangements.

Other operating income and expenses

Other operating income amounted to €1,315 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 a 37.1% increase compared with €959 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly due to higher capital gains from sales of real estate assets in Spain.

Other operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015, amounted to €2,285 million, a 15.5% decrease compared with the €2,705 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the adjustment for hyperinflation in Venezuela and the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar.

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

Income on insurance and reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €3,678 million, a 1.5% increase compared with €3,622 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly due to increased income on insurance and reinsurance contracts in Mexico and, to a lesser extent, in Argentina, Chile and Colombia.

Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €2,599 million, a 4.2% decrease compared with the €2,714 million gain recorded for year ended December 31, 2014.

Administration costs

Administration costs for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €10,836 million, a 15.1% increase compared with the €9,414 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar.

 

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The table below provides a breakdown of personnel expenses for 2015 and 2014.

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Wages and salaries

     4,868        4,108        18.5  

Social security costs

     733        683        7.3  

Transfers to internal pension provisions

     84        63        33.3  

Contributions to external pension funds

     57        58        (1.7

Other personnel expenses

     531        498        6.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Personnel expenses

     6,273        5,410        16.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

The table below provides a breakdown of other administrative expenses for 2015 and 2014:

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Technology and systems

     625        585        6.8  

Communications

     281        271        3.6  

Advertising

     387        333        16.0  

Property, fixtures and materials

     1,030        916        12.5  

Of which:

        

Rent expenses

     591        461        28.3  

Taxes other than income tax

     466        418        11.3  

Other expenses

     1,775        1,480        19.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Other administrative expenses

     4,563        4,004        14.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Depreciation

Depreciation for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €1,272 million, an 11.1% increase compared with the €1,145 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and, to a lesser extent, the amortization of software and hardware particularly in the United States affected by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled €731 million, a 36.0% decrease compared with the €1,142 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of lower provisions in the Real Estate Activity in Spain segment due to a decrease in foreclosed assets write-downs and lower foreclosed additions. Additionally there was a decrease in the costs related to early retirements and contributions to pension funds, particularly in Spain and, to a lesser extent, in Argentina, and there were lower legal contingencies in Chile.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €4,272 million, a 1.6% decrease compared with the €4,340 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly due to decreased impaired assets as a result of lower additions to non-performing assets in Spain, higher recovery of written-off assets of the Real Estate Activity in Spain segment and the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso and the Turkish lira. These effects were partially offset by the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and increased losses in Mexico (in line with the growth in the loan portfolio) and in the United States. The Group’s non-performing asset ratio was 5.4% as of December 31, 2015, compared with 5.8% as of December 31, 2014.

 

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Impairment losses on other assets (net)

Impairment losses on other assets (net) for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €273 million, an 8.1% decrease compared with the €297 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, due to lower impairments losses on real estate investment properties in Spain.

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to a loss of €2,135 million, compared with a gain of €46 million recognized for the year ended December 31, 2014. This loss was mainly the result of the fair value measurement of the stake we already held in Garanti at the time we acquired our additional 14.89% stake in Garanti, which we had to make as a result of the purchase of an additional stake in Garanti and the change in its consolidation method.

Negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss

There was €26 million negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc. There was no negative goodwill recognized in profit or loss for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to a gain of €734 million, compared with a loss of €453 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The gain in 2015 related mainly to capital gains from the sale of the 6.34% stake in CNCB. The loss in 2014 related mainly to the high provisions made in connection with foreclosed real estate assets in Spain.

Operating profit before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit before tax for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €4,603 million, a 15.7% increase from the €3,980 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €1,274 million, compared with a €898 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, as a result of higher profit and a lower proportion of income with low or zero tax rates (primarily dividends and equity-accounted earnings).

Profit from continuing operations

As a result of the foregoing, profit from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €3,328 million, an 8.0% increase from the €3,082 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit from discontinued operations (net)

There was no profit from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2015, nor for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit

As a result of the foregoing, profit for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €3,328 million, an 8.0% increase from the €3,082 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Profit attributable to parent company

Profit attributable to parent company for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €2,642 million, a 0.9% increase from the €2,618 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €686 million, a 47.8% increase compared with the €464 million registered for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti and stronger performance of our Peruvian and Argentinian operations where there are minority shareholders, partially offset by the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar.

 

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Results of Operations by Operating Segment

The information contained in this section is presented under management criteria.

The tables set forth below reconcile the income statement of our operating segments presented in this section to the consolidated income statement of the Group. The “Adjustments” column reflects the differences between the Group income statement and the income statement calculated in accordance with management operating segment reporting criteria, which are the following:

 

    Some figures in 2014 differ from the ones presented in our 2014 Form 20-F due to the reclassification of several operating expenses related to technology from our Corporate Center to our Banking Activity in Spain segment. See “Presentation of Financial Information”.

 

    The treatment of Garanti: From July 2015 to March 2017, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s share capital and we fully consolidated Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements. Information for 2014 and, with respect to 2015, information from January 1 through June 30 has been calculated and is presented under management criteria according to which the assets, liabilities and income statement of Garanti are included in every line item of the balance sheet and the income statement based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti until July 2015. For purposes of the Group financial statements the participation in Garanti was accounted under “Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method” through June 30, 2015.

 

    The creation of a line in the income statement called “Profit from corporate operations” which is in place of “Profit from discontinued operations” in the Group financial statements and which includes in 2015 the gains from the sale of our 6.34% participation in CNCB during 2015 and the impact of our acquisition of a 14.89% stake in Garanti in 2015 (which required us to (i) measure at fair value our prior 25.01% stake in Garanti, which was then classified as a joint venture accounted by the using of the equity method, and (ii) fully consolidate Garanti in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the BBVA Group).

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31, 2016  
     Banking
Activity in
Spain
    Real Estate
Activity in
Spain
    Turkey     Rest of
Eurasia
    Mexico     South
America
    United
States
    Corporate
Center
    Total     Adjustments      Group
Income
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Net interest income

     3,883       60       3,404       166       5,126       2,930       1,953       (461     17,059       —          17,059  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net fees and commissions

     1,500       6       731       194       1,149       634       638       (133     4,718       —          4,718  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     787       (3     77       87       222       464       142       356       2,133       —          2,133  

Other operating income and expenses (net) (1)

     275       (68     46       45       270       25       (27     178       744       —          744  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross income

     6,445       (6     4,257       491       6,766       4,054       2,706       (60     24,653       —          24,653  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Administration costs

     (3,280     (96     (1,524     (330     (2,149     (1,793     (1,652     (541     (11,366     —          (11,366

Depreciation

     (319     (27     (214     (12     (247     (100     (190     (315     (1,426     —          (1,426
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net margin before provisions

     2,846       (130     2,519       149       4,371       2,160       863       (916     11,862       —          11,862  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (763     (138     (520     30       (1,626     (526     (221     (37     (3,801     —          (3,801

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (805     (475     (93     23       (67     (82     (30     (140     (1,668     —          (1,668
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating profit/ (loss) before tax

     1,278       (743     1,906       203       2,678       1,552       612       (1,094     6,392       —          6,392  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (363     148       (390     (52     (697     (487     (153     296       (1,699     —          (1,699
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit from continuing operations

     915       (595     1,515       151       1,981       1,065       459       (798     4,693       —          4,693  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit from discontinued operations /Profit from corporate operations (net) (2)

     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —          —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit

     915       (595     1,515       151       1,981       1,065       459       (798     4,693       —          4,693  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (3     —         (917     —         (1     (294     —         (3     (1,218     —          (1,218
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Profit attributable to parent company

     912       (595     599       151       1,980       771       459       (801     3,475       —          3,475  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)  Includes share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method.
(2)  For Group income (derived from the Group income statement) this line represents “Profit from discontinued operations” and for operating segments (presented in accordance with management criteria) it represents “Profit from corporate operations”.

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31, 2015  
     Banking
Activity in
Spain
    Real Estate
Activity in
Spain
    Turkey     Rest of
Eurasia
    Mexico     South
America
    United
States
    Corporate
Center
    Total     Adjustments     Group
Income
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Net interest income

     4,001       71       2,194       183       5,387       3,202       1,811       (424     16,426       (404     16,022  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net fees and commissions

     1,605       2       471       170       1,223       718       616       (100     4,705       (94     4,611  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     1,013       4       (273     125       198       595       186       161       2,009       21       2,030  

Other operating income and expenses (net) (1)

     185       (105     42       (6     273       (38     18       172       540       159       699  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross income

     6,804       (28     2,434       473       7,081       4,477       2,631       (192     23,680       (318     23,362  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Administration costs

     (3,078     (101     (1,043     (337     (2,403     (1,875     (1,602     (589     (11,027     191       (10,836

Depreciation

     (368     (25     (118     (15     (219     (104     (204     (237     (1,290     18       (1,272
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net margin before provisions

     3,358       (154     1,273       121       4,459       2,498       825       (1,017     11,363       (109     11,254  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (1,332     (179     (422     (4     (1,633     (614     (142     (13     (4,339     67       (4,272

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (478     (383     2       (6     (53     (71     3       (157     (1,144     1,261       (2405
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit/ (loss) before tax

     1,548       (716     853       111       2,772       1,814       685       (1,187     5,879       (1,276     4,603  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (456     221       (166     (35     (678     (565     (168     407       (1,441     167       (1,274
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit from continuing operations

     1,092       (495     687       75       2,094       1,248       517       (781     4,438       (1,109     3,328  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit from discontinued operations /Profit from corporate operations (net) (2)

     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         (1,109     (1,109     1,109       —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

     1,092       (495     687       75       2,094       1,248       517       (1,890     3,328       —         3,328  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (6     (1     (316     —         (1     (343     —         (19     (686     —         686  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit attributable to parent company

     1,085       (496     371       75       2,094       905       517       (1,910     2,642       —         2,642  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)  Includes share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method.
(2)  For Group income (derived from the Group income statement) this line represents “Profit from discontinued operations” and for operating segments (presented in accordance with management criteria) it represents “Profit from corporate operations”.

 

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     For the Year Ended December 31, 2014  
     Banking
Activity in
Spain (3)
    Real Estate
Activity in
Spain
    Turkey     Rest of
Eurasia
    Mexico     South
America
    United
States
    Corporate
Center (3)
    Total     Adjustments     Group
Income
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Net interest income

     3,830       (34     735       189       4,906       4,699       1,443       (651     15,116       (734     14,382  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net fees and commissions

     1,453       5       191       187       1,166       901       553       (91     4,365       (191     4,174  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     1,149       (2     1       150       195       482       145       14       2,135       (1     2,134  

Other operating income and expenses (net) (1)

     189       (180     18       209       246       (890     (4     153       (260     295       35  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross income

     6,621       (211     944       736       6,513       5,191       2,137       (575     21,356       (631     20,725  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Administration costs

     (2,735     (123     (359     (331     (2,226     (2,137     (1,318     (541     (9,771     357       (9,414

Depreciation

     (301     (23     (35     (12     (187     (179     (179     (264     (1,180     35       (1,145
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net margin before provisions

     3,585       (357     550       393       4,100       2,875       640       (1,380     10,405       (239     10,166  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (1,690     (297     (146     (56     (1,517     (706     (68     (4     (4,486     146       (4,340

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (623     (621     (11     (16     (75     (219     (10     (282     (1,857     11       (1,846
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit/ (loss) before tax

     1,272       (1,275     392       320       2,508       1,951       561       (1,666     4,063       (83     3,980  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (374     386       (82     (65     (607     (490     (133     384       (981     83       (898
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit from continuing operations

     898       (889     310       255       1,900       1,461       428       (1,282     3,082       —         3,082  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit from discontinued operations /Profit from corporate operations (net) (2)

     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —    
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit

     898       (889     310       255       1,900       1,461       428       (1,282     3,082       —         3,082  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (4     —         —         —         2       (460     —         (3     (464     —         (464
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Profit attributable to parent company

     894       (889     310       255       1,903       1,001       428       (1,285     2,618       —         2,618  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)  Includes share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method.
(2)  For Group income (derived from the Group income statement) this line represents “Profit from discontinued operations” and for operating segments (presented in accordance with management criteria) it represents “Profit from corporate operations”.
(3)  In the fourth quarter of 2015, certain operating expenses related to technology were reclassified from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment. This reclassification was a consequence of the reassignment of technology-related management competences, resources and responsibilities from the Corporate Center to the Banking Activity in Spain segment during 2015. In our Consolidated Financial Statements and throughout this Annual Report, the comparative financial information by operating segment for 2014 has been retrospectively revised to reflect the reclassification of these expenses.

 

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Results of Operations by Operating Segment for 2016 Compared with 2015

BANKING ACTIVITY IN SPAIN

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     3,883        4,001        (2.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     1,500        1,605        (6.5

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     787        1,013        (22.3

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (124      (167      (25.5

Income and expenses (net) on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     400        352        13.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     6,445        6,804        (5.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (3,280      (3,078      6.6  

Depreciation

     (319      (368      (13.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     2,846        3,358        (15.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (763      (1,332      (42.7

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (805      (478      68.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     1,278        1,548        (17.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (363      (456      (20.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     915        1,092        (16.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     915        1,092        (16.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (3      (6      (52.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     912        1,085        (16.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €3,883 million, a 2.9% decrease compared with the €4,001 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a decrease in loan volumes in an environment of low interest rates, where lower yields on loans were partially offset by cheaper funding.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,500 million, a 6.5% decrease compared with the €1,605 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to lower contribution from fees and commissions arising from securities services, including investment banking.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €787 million, a 22.3% decrease compared with the €1,013 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of lower ALCO portfolio sales. In addition, the sale of our stake in VISA Europe Ltd. to Visa Inc. in November 2015, which generated a €138 million gain in such year, contributed positively to our net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) in such year.

 

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Table of Contents

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €124 million, a 25.5% decrease compared with the €167 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a reduced annual contribution to the Single Resolution Fund.

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts (net)

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts (net) for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a net income of €400 million, a 13.5% increase compared with €352 million net income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to the integration of Catalunya Banc and a higher amount of net premiums.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €3,280 million, 6.6% higher compared with the €3,078 million in expenses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, substantially all of which was a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and the related subsequent integration costs.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €763 million, a 42.7% decrease compared with the €1,332 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to the continued improvement of credit quality in Spain. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio decreased to 5.8% as of December 31, 2016 from 6.6% as of December 31, 2015.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €805 million, 68.6% higher than the €478 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, and were mainly attributable to higher provisions related to the invalidity of clauses limiting interest rates in certain mortgage loans with customers (the so-called “cláusulas suelo”) of €577 million (€404 million after tax).

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,278 million of operating profit, a 17.5% decrease compared with the €1,548 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €363 million, a 22.6% decrease compared with the €456 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the 17.5% decrease in operating profit before tax. Such income tax was levied at a 30% tax rate.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €912 million, a 21.9% decrease compared with the €1,085 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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REAL ESTATE ACTIVITY IN SPAIN

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     60        71        (16.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     6        2        138.9  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     (3      4        n.m (1) 

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (68      (105      (35.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     (6      (28     
n.m
(1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (96      (101      (4.9

Depreciation

     (27      (25      11.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     (130      (154      (15.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (138      (179      (23.1

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (475      (383      23.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     (743      (716      3.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     148        221        (33.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     (595      (495      20.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     (595      (495      20.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          (1      n.m (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     (595      (496      20.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to net interest income of €60 million, a 16.2% decrease compared with the net interest income of €71 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €6 million, compared with the €2 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €3 million, compared with the €4 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an operating expense of €68 million, a 35.0% decrease compared with the €105 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of lower impairment related to the Bank’s participation in Metrovacesa S.A.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €96 million, 4.9% lower compared with the €101 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a 16.5% decrease in other administrative expenses.

 

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Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €138 million, a 23.1% decrease compared with the €179 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of higher recovery of written-off assets as well as lower losses from real estate asset collateral.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €475 million, 23.9% higher than the €383 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of higher impairments mainly due to the reallocation of certain loans from the Banking Activity in Spain segment to the Real Estate Activity in Spain segment relating to foreclosed assets, which resulted in higher loan loss provisions. The purpose of this reallocation was to better reflect the risk profile of the loan portfolios of each segment. With respect to the foreclosed assets of this segment, we updated their appraisal value to reflect higher haircuts on the less liquid assets, in respect of which we have limited market references and a wide price valuation range. The portfolios which were most impacted by this update were our land portfolios.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit (loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €743 million, a 3.8% increase compared with the €716 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to income of €148 million, a 33.2% decrease compared with the €221 million of income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the reversal of certain deductions that were applied in prior years in connection with impairments in participations.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €595 million, compared with the €496 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

TURKEY

In accordance with IFRS 8, information for the Turkey operating segment is presented under management criteria, pursuant to which Garanti’s information has been proportionally consolidated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti during the six-month period ended June 30, 2015. From July 2015 to March 2017, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s share capital and we have fully consolidated Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements. On March 22, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital expenditures—2017”.

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     3,404        2,194        55.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     731        471        55.2  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     77        (273      n.m (1) 

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (18      2        n.m (1) 

Income and expenses (net) on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     64        40        62.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     4,257        2,434        74.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,524      (1,043      46.2  

Depreciation

     (214      (118      81.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     2,519        1,273        97.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (520      (422      23.2  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (93      2        n.m (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     1,906        853        123.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (390      (166      135.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     1,515        687        120.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          n.m (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     1,515        687        120.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (917      (316      n.m (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     599        371        61.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

 

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As indicated above, during the year ended December 31, 2015, Garanti was fully consolidated by us following the acquisition of an additional 14.89% stake in Garanti in July 2015. Such consolidation affects the comparability of our results for the periods discussed herein for all the accounting lines items of the income statement. Additionally the Turkish lira depreciated 10% against the euro in average terms during 2016, resulting in a negative exchange rate effect on our consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in the results of operations of the Turkey operating segment for such year expressed in euro. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €3,404 million, a 55.1% increase compared with the €2,194 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti, which more than offset the adverse impact of exchange rates, as well as due to increases in volumes and yields on loans and a decreased cost of deposits.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €731 million, a 55.2% increase compared with the €471 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti which more than offset the adverse impact of changes in exchange rates (which had an estimated impact of €45 million). Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti and excluding the impact of variations in exchange rates, net fees and commissions increased mainly as a result of an increase in checks and bills receivables commissions and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in contingent risk commissions.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €77 million, compared with the €273 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result mainly of capital gains from the divestment of ALCO portfolios, the proceeds of our sale of VISA Europe Ltd. to VISA Inc. in November 2015 (€87 million gross of tax) which were received in 2016 and gains on financial assets of the Global Markets unit in Turkey, partially offset by a negative exchange rate effect of €26 million.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €18 million, compared with operating income of €2 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of increased amounts payable as a contribution to the Deposit Guarantee Fund. Additionally there were higher expenses as a result of the high inflation rate and the investments made in the upgrading, modernization and digitalization of traditional channels.

 

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Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an operating income of €64 million, a 62% increase compared with the €40 million of operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €1,524 million, a 46.2% increase compared with the €1,043 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti which more than offset the impact of changes in exchange rates. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, and excluding the impact of variations in exchange rates, the change in administration costs was mainly as a result of the high inflation, the 30% increase in the minimum wage since January 2016 and an increase in variable remuneration in personnel expenses.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €520 million, a 23.2% increase compared with the €422 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti which more than offset the impact of changes in exchange rates. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, and excluding the impact of variations in exchange rates, the change in impairment losses on financial assets (net) was mainly as a result of increased impaired assets due to the increase in the loan portfolio and the deterioration in credit quality, and increased impairment losses related to the subsidiary in Romania. The non-performing asset ratio of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 was 2.7% compared with 2.8% as of December 31, 2015.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €93 million, compared with the €2 million reversal recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, and were mainly provisions for contingent liabilities and commitments.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,906 million, a 123.5% increase compared with the €853 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €390 million, a 135.4% increase compared with the €166 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €599 million, a 61.4% increase compared with the €371 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015. A significant portion of our operating profit for this operating segment was attributable to our 100% consolidation of Garanti, but as we held only 39.90% of this entity during the year ended December 31, 2016, the majority of its operating profit was allocable to its other shareholders and was recorded in the Group’s consolidated income statement under “Profit attributable to non-controlling interests”.

 

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REST OF EURASIA

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     166        183        (9.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     194        170        13.8  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     87        125        (30.3

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     45        (6      n.m (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     491        473        4.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (330      (337      (2.0

Depreciation

     (12      (15      (18.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     149        121        23.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     30        (4      n.m. (1) 

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     23        (6      n.m. (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     203        111        83.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (52      (35      47.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     151        75        100.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     151        75        100.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     151        75        100.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)  Not meaningful.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €166 million, a 9.7% decrease compared with the €183 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to the low interest rate environment, leading to fewer transactions, as a result of macroeconomic conditions in the Eurozone.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €194 million, a 13.8% increase compared with the €170 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in commissions which generated an increase of €18 million, and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in securities fees which translated into a €9 million increase, partially offset by a €3 million decrease in contingent risk commissions.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €87 million, a 30.3% decrease compared with the €125 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a lower contribution from trading income.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was net income of €45 million, compared with the €6 million of net expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a €46 million increase in income from dividends received from CNCB.

 

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Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 were €330 million, a 2% decrease compared with the €337 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a €13 million decrease in personnel expenses, partially offset by an increase in other administrative expenses of €7 million. Among the main variations, fixed remuneration costs decreased by €16 million, and remuneration based on equity instruments decreased such costs by €4 million.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €30 million gain, compared with the €4 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the release of provisions in Portugal, Belgium and in the Corporate & Investment Banking unit for the European customers. The non-performing asset ratio of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 was 2.7% compared with 2.5% as of December 31, 2015.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to operating profit of €203 million, an 83.2% increase compared with the €111 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €52 million, a 47% increase compared with the €35 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the higher operating income before tax.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €151 million, a 100.1% increase compared with the €75 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

MEXICO

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     5,126        5,387        (4.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     1,149        1,223        (6.1

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     222        198        12.3  

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (237      (260      (8.9

Income and expenses (net) on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     507        533        (4.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     6,766        7,081        (4.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (2,149      (2,403      (10.6

Depreciation

     (247      (219      12.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     4,371        4,459        (2.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (1,626      (1,633      (0.5

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (67      (53      25.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     2,678        2,772        (3.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (697      (678      2.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     1,981        2,094        (5.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     1,981        2,094        (5.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (1      (1      n.m  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     1,980        2,094        (5.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1)  Not meaningful.

 

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In 2016, the Mexican peso depreciated 14.8% against the euro in average terms, resulting in a negative exchange rate effect on our consolidated income statement for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in the results of operations of the Mexico operating segment for such year expressed in euro. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €5,126 million, a 4.9% decrease compared with the €5,387 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso, which more than offset the higher volumes in lending and fund gathering.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,149 million, a 6.1% decrease compared with the €1,223 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €181 million). Excluding this impact, net fees and commissions increased mainly as a result of an increase in commissions for selling insurance, and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in insurance product commissions, partially offset by a decrease in brokerage commissions.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €222 million, a 12.3% increase compared with the €198 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of gains derived from hedging activity partially offset by the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso in the last quarter of 2016.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was other operating expenses of €237 million, compared with the €260 million of other operating expenses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €38 million). Excluding this impact, other operating income and expenses (net) decreased mainly as a result of an increase in expenses related to non-banking activity (like administration costs relating to foreclosed assets) and expenses related to ATMs and frauds, partially offset by a €27 million decrease in the contribution to the Mexican Deposit Guarantee Fund (IPAB) year-on-year.

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was income of €507 million, a 4.9% decrease compared with income of €533 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €79 million).

 

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Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 were €2,149 million, a 10.6% decrease compared with the €2,403 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €355 million). Excluding this impact, administration costs increased mainly as a result of a €92 million increase in personnel expenses, primarily related to variable remuneration and, to a lesser extent, due to IT expenses, which increased costs by €23 million, and a €10 million increase in other administrative expenses for the ongoing renovation and remodeling of branch offices and the change of headquarters.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €1,626 million, a 0.5% decrease compared with the €1,633 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Mexican peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €241 million). Excluding this impact, the change in impairment losses on financial assets was mainly as a result of an increase in impaired assets due to the increase registered in the loan portfolio and the deterioration in credit quality. This increase in impairment losses on financial assets was partially offset due to higher recovery of written-off assets. The non-performing asset ratio of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 was 2.3% compared with 2.6% as of December 31, 2015.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions in this operating segment for 2016 was €67 million compared with the €53 million recorded for 2015, as a result of higher provisions related to restructuring costs.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to operating profit of €2,678 million, a 3.4% decrease compared with the operating profit of €2,772 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €697 million, a 2.7% increase compared with the expense of €678 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,980 million, a 5.4% decrease compared with the €2,094 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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SOUTH AMERICA

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     2,930        3,202        (8.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     634        718        (11.6

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     464        595        (22.0

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (133      (219      (39.4

Income and expenses (net) on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     158        181        (12.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     4,054        4,477        (9.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,793      (1,875      (4.4

Depreciation

     (100      (104      (3.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     2,160        2,498        (13.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (526      (614      (14.2

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (82      (71      15.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     1,552        1,814        (14.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (487      (565      (13.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     1,065        1,248        (14.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     1,065        1,248        (14.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (294      (343      (14.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     771        905        (14.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

In the year ended December 31, 2016 the Group used the estimated exchange rate of 1,893 Venezuelan bolivars per euro, See “Presentation of Financial Information—Venezuela”. Additionally, all the currencies of the region depreciated in average terms against the euro compared with the year ended December 31, 2015 and resulted in a negative impact on the results of operations of the South America operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 expressed in euro. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €2,930 million, an 8.5% decrease compared with the €3,202 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €572 million), which more than offset the increase in fees related to bills, receivables, checks and credit cards, particularly in Colombia and Argentina.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €634 million, an 11.6% decrease compared with the €718 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €131 million). Excluding this impact, net fees and commissions increased mainly as a result of an increase in credit and debit card commissions which generated an increase of €33 million, and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in checks and bills receivables commissions which translated into a €26 million increase, partially offset by a €27 million decrease in other commissions. By country, the main variation was registered in Argentina where net fees and commissions, at constant exchange rates, increased by €19 million due to higher commissions as a result of local and regional incentives of VISA.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €464 million, a 22.0% decrease compared with the €595 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €172 million). By country, the main variation was registered in Colombia where net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net), at constant exchange rates, decreased by €75 million due to the fair value measurement of our previously acquired stake in Credibanco.

 

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Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an operating expense of €133 million, compared with the €219 million of operating expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €121 million). Excluding this impact, the change in other operating income and expenses (net) was mainly due to a €27 million decrease in other operating income. By country, the main variation was registered in Venezuela where other operating expenses, at constant exchange rates, increased by €30 million.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was €1,793 million, a 4.4% decrease compared with the €1,875 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso (which had an estimated impact of approximately €348 million). Excluding this impact, administration costs increased mainly as a result of a €148 million increase in personnel expenses, and, to a lesser extent, due to a €118 million increase in other administrative expenses. Among the main variations, fixed remuneration increased the costs by €94 million, and IT expenses increased the costs by €24 million. All the changes were impacted by the high inflation in certain countries in the region. By country, the main variation was registered in Argentina where administration costs, at constant exchange rates, increased by €171 million mainly due to an increase in personnel expenses and other administrative expenses which was attributable in part to the high inflation.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 were €526 million, a 14.2% decrease compared with the €614 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of decreased impaired assets due to the decrease registered in the loan portfolio and the depreciation of the currencies of the region (which had an estimated impact of approximately €72 million). This decrease in impairment losses on financial assets was partially offset by the lower recovery of written-off assets. The non-performing asset ratio of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 was 2.9% compared with 2.3% as of December 31, 2015. By country, the main variation was registered in Chile where impairment losses on financial assets, at constant exchange rates, decreased by €31 million.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €82 million, a 15.2% increase compared with the €71 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of higher provisions relating to restructuring costs related to the Group’s transformation process.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to an operating profit of €1,552 million, a 14.4% decrease compared with the operating profit of €1,814 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €487 million, a 13.8% decrease compared with the €565 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the currencies of the region, particularly the Venezuelan bolivar and Argentine peso, and the lower operating profit before tax.

 

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Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €771 million, a 14.9% decrease compared with the €905 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

UNITED STATES

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     1,953        1,811        7.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     638        616        3.5  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     142        186        (23.6

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (27      18        n.m  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     2,706        2,631        2.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,652      (1,602      3.1  

Depreciation

     (190      (204      (6.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     863        825        4.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (221      (142      56.0  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (30      3        n.m  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     612        685        (10.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (153      (168      (8.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     459        517        (11.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     459        517        (11.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     459        517        (11.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

In 2016 the U.S. dollar appreciated 0.2% against the euro on average terms, resulting in a positive exchange rate effect on our income statement and in the results of operations of the United States operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 expressed in euros. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €1,953 million, a 7.9% increase compared with the €1,811 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of increased activity, particularly in loans and advances to customers, as well as improved pricing of such loans and advances driven by higher yields in new loan production and the lower cost of deposits.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €638 million, a 3.5% increase compared with the €616 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in securities fees which generated an impact of €123 million, and, to a lesser extent, due to an increase in checks and bills receivables commissions which translated into a €9 million increase, partially offset by a €108 million decrease in other commissions.

 

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Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a net gain of €142 million, a 23.6% decrease compared with the €186 million net gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the difficult situation in the markets and lower sales of ALCO portfolios.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was operating expense of €27 million, compared with the €18 million operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly due to a €17 million decrease in dividends from the Federal Reserve System. In addition, in 2015 other operating income and expense (net) benefited from the income generated by the sale of Capital Investment Counsel Inc.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €1,652 million, a 3.1% increase compared with the €1,602 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a €40 million increase in personnel expenses and, to a lesser extent, due to a €10 million increase in other administrative expenses. Among the main variations, fixed remuneration increased the costs by €29 million, and variable remuneration increased the costs by €13 million. Additionally, there was a positive exchange rate effect of €5 million.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €221 million, a 56% increase compared with the €142 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of increased impaired financial assets due to the increase registered in the loan portfolio and the deterioration in credit quality, particularly related to the rise in provisions following the rating downgrades on some companies that operate in the energy, metal and mining sectors during the first quarter of 2016. This increase in impairment losses on financial assets was partially offset by lower recovery of written-off assets. The non-performing asset ratio of this operating segment as of December 31, 2016 was 1.5% compared with 0.9% as of December 31, 2015.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €612 million of operating profit, a 10.6% decrease compared with the €685 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €153 million, an 8.8% decrease compared with the €168 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the 10.6% decrease in the operating profit before tax.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €459 million, an 11.2% decrease compared with the €517 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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CORPORATE CENTER

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2016      2015      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     (461      (424      8.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     (133      (100      32.3  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     356        161        120.6  

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     199        191        4.3  

Income and expenses (net) on insurance and reinsurance contracts

     (21      (19      9.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     (60      (192      (68.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (541      (589      (8.2

Depreciation

     (315      (237      33.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     (916      (1,017      (10.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (37      (13      178.8  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (140      (157      (10.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     (1,094      (1,187      (7.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     296        407        (27.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     (798      (781      2.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          (1,109      n.m  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     (798      (1,890      (57.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (3      (19      n.m  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     (801      (1,910      (58.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was net interest expense of €461 million, an 8.7% increase compared with the €424 million of net interest expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily as a result of higher expenses related to the purchase price allocation of Catalunya Banc.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €133 million, compared with the €100 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a gain of €356 million, a 120.6% increase compared with the €161 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of higher gains of the ALCO management.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was operating income of €199 million, a 4.3% increase compared with the €191 million of operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of the purchase price allocation of the current business of the insurance companies of Catalunya Banc(which contributed €9 million), partially offset by a €13 million decrease in the share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method.

 

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Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts

Income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was expenses of €21 million, a 9.4% increase compared with expenses of €19 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was an expense of €541 million, an 8.2% decrease compared with the €589 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a €49 million decrease in other administrative expenses, partially offset by an increase in personnel expenses. Among the main variations, branch allocation expenses decreased the costs by €70 million, and lower redundancy expenses decreased the costs by €21 million.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €37 million, a 178.8% increase compared with the €13 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of higher impairment of debt securities and higher country risk loan-loss provisions.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 totaled €140 million, a 10.4% decrease compared with the €157 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015 due to lower provisions for early retirements.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €1,094 million, compared with the €1,187 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to €296 million of income, compared with the €407 million of income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of a lower operating loss before tax. In addition, in 2015 there were higher tax deductions as a result of the sale of participations.

Profit from corporate operations (net)

There was no profit from corporate operations (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016, whereas there was a €1,109 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015, which resulted from the sale of the 6.43% stake in CNCB.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, the profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2016 was a loss of €801 million, compared with the €1,910 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2015.

 

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Results of Operations by Operating Segment for 2015 Compared with 2014

BANKING ACTIVITY IN SPAIN

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     4,001        3,830        4.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     1,605        1,453        10.5  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     1,013        1,149        (11.9

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     185        189        (1.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     6,804        6,621        2.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (3,078      (2,735      12.5  

Depreciation

     (368      (301      22.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     3,358        3,585        (6.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (1,332      (1,690      (21.2

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (478      (623      (23.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     1,548        1,272        21.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (456      (374      21.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     1,092        898        21.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     1,092        898        21.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (6      (4      72.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     1,085        894        21.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

The acquisition of Catalunya Banc in the second quarter of 2015 affects the comparability of our results for the periods discussed herein. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”. In order to present certain year-on-year variations on a more comparable basis, we have presented in the discussion below certain adjusted variations which exclude the impact of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc. In order to exclude such impact in the discussion below, we have excluded Catalunya Banc’s results from our 2015 results. These adjusted variations are referred to below as variations “excluding the effect of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €4,001 million, a 4.4% increase compared with the €3,830 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc there was a slight decrease of 1% in deposits and loans turnover in an environment of low interest rates (short-term Euribor rates turned negative in 2015) where lower yields on loans were partially offset by cheaper funding.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €1,605 million, a 10.5% increase compared with the €1,453 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, which represented 7.5 percentage points of the total increase in net fees and commissions of this operating segment during the year. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, there was a 3% increase driven, among other effects, by the 10% year-on-year increase in volume of mutual and pension funds that led to higher fees and commissions.

 

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Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €1,013 million, a 11.9% decrease compared with the €1,149 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a decrease in gains from debt securities and lower ALCO portfolio sales.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was operating income of €185 million, a 1.9% decrease compared with the €189 million of operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of higher contributions to the local deposit guarantee fund as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc and the first contribution to the national resolution fund.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €3,078 million, 12.5% higher compared with the €2,735 million in expenses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, substantially all of which was a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, administration costs decreased 0.3%.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €1,332 million, a 21.2% decrease compared with the €1,690 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the continued improvement of credit quality, the decrease of non-performing loans (excluding Catalunya Banc) and the lower deterioration of collateral value of the loans. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio increased to 6.6% as of December 31, 2015 from 6.0% as of December 31, 2014 as a result of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, offset in part by a decline in the non-performing assets ratio in other areas of this operating segment. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, the ratio decreased to 5.6%.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled €478 million, 23.3% lower compared with the €623 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of lower provisions for early retirements.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €1,548 million of operating profit, a 21.7% increase compared with the €1,272 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €456 million, a 21.9% increase compared with the €374 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the 21.7% increase in operating profit before tax. Such income tax was levied at a 30% tax rate.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €1,085 million, a 21.4% increase compared with the €894 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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REAL ESTATE ACTIVITY IN SPAIN

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     71        (34      n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     2        5        (60.0

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     4        (2      n.m.  (1) 

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (105      (180      (51.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     (28      (211      (86.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (101      (123      (17.9

Depreciation

     (25      (23      8.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     (154      (357      (56.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (179      (297      (39.7

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (383      (621      (38.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     (716      (1,275      (43.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     221        386        (42.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     (495      (889      (44.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     (495      (889      (44.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (1      —          n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     (496      (889      (44.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to net interest income of €71 million, compared with the net interest expense of €34 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a decline in the cost of finance and higher financial income due to higher recovery of written-off assets.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €2 million, a 60.0% decrease compared with the €5 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €4 million, compared with the €2 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of portfolio sales.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an operating expense of €105 million, compared with the €180 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of higher capital gains from sales of real estate assets. In 2015 the demand for residential real estate assets increased in an environment of slightly rising prices.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €101 million, 17.9% lower compared with the €123 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a 18.8% decrease in personnel expenses due to the transfer of some workforce to the Banking Activity in Spain segment and a 9.3% decrease in other administrative expenses.

 

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Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was €179 million, a 39.7% decrease compared with the €297 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of higher recovery of written-off assets as well as lower losses from real estate asset collateral.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled €383 million, compared with the €621 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a decrease in foreclosed assets write-downs and foreclosed additions.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €716 million, a 43.8% decrease compared with the €1,275 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to a gain of €221 million, a 42.7% decrease compared with the €386 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the 43.8% decrease of the operating loss before tax. Such income tax was levied at a 30% tax rate.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €496 million, compared with the €889 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

TURKEY

From July 2015 to March 2017, we held 39.90% of Garanti’s share capital and we fully consolidated Garanti’s results in our consolidated financial statements. Information for 2014 and, with respect to 2015, information from January 1 through June 30 has been calculated and is presented under management criteria according to which the assets, liabilities and income statement of Garanti are included in every line item of the balance sheet and the income statement based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti until July 2015.

On March 22, 2017, we completed the acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—History and Development of the Company—Capital expenditures—2017.”

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     2,194        735        198.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     471        191        146.6  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     (273      1        n.m.  (1) 

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     42        18        133.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     2,434        944        157.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,043      (359      190.5  

Depreciation

     (118      (35      237.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     1,273        550        131.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (422      (146      189.0  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     2        (11      n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     853        392        117.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (166      (82      102.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     687        310        121.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     687        310        121.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (316      —          n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     371        310        19.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

 

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As indicated above, during the year ended December 31, 2015, Garanti was fully consolidated by us following the acquisition of an additional 14.89% stake in Garanti in July 2015. Such consolidation affects the comparability of our results for the periods discussed herein for all the accounting lines items of the income statement. Additionally the TL depreciated 4.1% against the euro in average terms during 2015, resulting in a negative exchange rate effect on our income statement. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

In order to present certain year-on-year variations on a more comparable basis, we have presented below certain adjusted variations which exclude the impact of the acquisition of the additional 14.89% stake in Garanti and the change in the consolidation method of Garanti. In order to exclude such impact we have consolidated Garanti’s results in 2015 based on our prior stake (25.01%) and in accordance with management criteria (pursuant to which Garanti’s information has been proportionally consolidated based on such stake in Garanti). These adjusted variations are referred to below as variations “excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €2,194 million, a 198.5% increase compared with the €735 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, as a result of the change in the consolidation method of Garanti. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, there was a 15.7% increase mainly as a result of increased volumes of loans resulting from new loan production in most portfolios especially mortgage loans and loans to the energy sector and service sector. Such increase was partially offset by the depreciation of the TL year-on-year.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €471 million, a 146.6% increase compared with the €191 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, there was a 1.8% decrease mainly due to the depreciation of the TL year-on-year.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €273 million, compared with the €1 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of trading losses resulting from derivative transactions affected by volatility in the wholesale financial markets particularly in the last quarter of 2015.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was operating income of €42 million compared with the €18 million of operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, there was a 4.7% decrease due to the negative exchange rate effect.

 

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Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €1,043 million compared with the €359 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti. Excluding the effect of the acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, there was a 2.6% increase due to the impact of high inflation rates (8.8% as of December 2015 and 8.2% as of December 2014) partially offset by the effect of the depreciation of the TL and the effect of the depreciation of the TL for costs denominated in other currencies.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €422 million compared with the €146 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti. Excluding the effect acquisition of the additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in the consolidation method of Garanti, there was a 6.5% increase, in line with the growth of the activity during the year. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio was 2.8% as of December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to operating profit of €853 million compared with the €392 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €166 million compared with the €82 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the above mentioned change in the consolidation method of Garanti and the resulting increase in operating profit before tax.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €371 million, a 19.7% increase compared with the €310 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

REST OF EURASIA

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     183        189        (2.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     170        187        (9.2

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     125        150        (16.5

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (6      209        n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     473        736        (35.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (337      (331      1.7  

Depreciation

     (15      (12      29.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     121        393        (69.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (4      (56      (93.3

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (6      (16      (61.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     111        320        (65.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (35      (65      (45.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     75        255        (70.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     75        255        (70.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     75        255        (70.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

 

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Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €183 million, a 2.9% decrease compared with the €189 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of narrowing spreads for new lending transactions, particularly in the wholesale business during 2015.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €170 million, a 9.2% decrease compared with the €187 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the lower volume of transactions and reduced fee generation in other service fees from Corporate Investment Banking in Europe.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €125 million, a 16.5% decrease compared with the €150 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the lower contribution from trading income.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €6 million, compared with the €209 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 relating to dividends from CNCB. In 2015, CNCB distributed no dividends.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €337 million, a 1.7% increase compared with the €331 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mostly as a result of the exchange rate effect.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in a loss of €4 million, a 93.3% decrease compared with the €56 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of lower impairment losses in Portugal related to mortgage loans. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio decreased to 2.5% as of December 31, 2015, from 3.7% as of December 31, 2014.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to operating profit of €111 million, a 65.4% decrease compared with the €320 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €35 million, a 45.8% decrease compared with the €65 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the decrease in operating profit before tax. Such income tax was levied at a 10% tax rate.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €76 million, a 70.4% decrease compared with the €255 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

MEXICO

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     5,387        4,906        9.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     1,223        1,166        4.9  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     198        195        1.5  

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     273        246        11.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     7,081        6,513        8.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (2,403      (2,226      7.9  

Depreciation

     (219      (187      17.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     4,459        4,100        8.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (1,633      (1,517      7.6  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (53      (75      (29.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     2,772        2,508        10.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (678      (607      11.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     2,094        1,900        10.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     2,094        1,900        10.2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (1      2        —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     2,094        1,903        10.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

In 2015, the Mexican peso appreciated 0.3% against the euro in average terms, resulting in a positive exchange rate effect on our income statement for the year ended December 31, 2015 See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €5,387 million, a 9.8% increase compared with the €4,906 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the growth in activity, particularly growth in loans and advances to customers which generated €665 million of net interest income during 2015, partially offset by narrower spreads.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €1,223 million, a 4.9% increase compared with the €1,166 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of higher revenues from transfers and other payment orders and from credit and debit cards mainly due to the improvement in domestic demand.

 

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Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €198 million, a 1.5% increase compared with the €195 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the Mexican peso in the net exchange differences partially offset by a lower contribution from trading income.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was operating income of €273 million, a 11.0% increase compared with the €246 million of other operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of an 11.3% increase in income on insurance and reinsurance contracts partially offset by higher contributions to the deposit guarantee fund due to the larger liability volume.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €2,403 million, a 7.9% increase compared with the €2,226 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the construction of new headquarters (in particular, the Bancomer tower which was inaugurated in February 2016), which was adversely affected by the depreciation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar, the implementation of a project pursuing branch improvements and the addition of 392 employees during 2015.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in a loss of €1,633 million, a 7.6% increase compared with the €1,517 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the 11.3% increase registered in the loan portfolio and the 1.9% decrease in non-performing assets. Additionally, there was a positive exchange rate effect of 0.3%. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio decreased to 2.6% as of December 31, 2015, from 2.9% as of December 31, 2014.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions in this operating segment for 2015 totaled €53 million compared with the €75 million provisions recorded for 2014, mainly due to lower provisions for early retirements.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €2,772 million, a 10.5% increase compared with the €2,508 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €678 million, a 11.7% increase compared with the €607 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the increase in the operating profit before tax. Such income tax was levied at a 30% tax rate.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €2,094 million, a 10.0% increase compared with the €1,903 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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SOUTH AMERICA

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     3,202        4,699        (31.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     718        901        (20.4

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     595        482        23.5  

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     (38      (890      (95.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     4,477        5,191        (13.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,875      (2,137      (12.3

Depreciation

     (104      (179      (41.9
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     2,498        2,875        (13.1
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (614      (706      (13.1

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (71      (219      (67.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     1,814        1,951        (7.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (565      (490      15.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     1,248        1,461        (14.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     1,248        1,461        (14.5
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (343      (460      (25.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     905        1,001        (9.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

In the year ended December 31, 2015 the Group used the estimated exchange rate of 469 Venezuelan bolivars per euro, See “Presentation of Financial Information—Venezuela”. Additionally, the Colombian peso depreciated in average terms against the euro compared with the year ended December 31, 2014. Such depreciation more than offset the period-average appreciation of other currencies in the region and resulted in a negative impact on the results of operations of the South America operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 expressed in euro. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €3,202 million, a 31.8% decrease compared with the €4,699 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso. Excluding the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the Colombian peso, net interest income increased by 13.0% as a result of increased volumes due to new loan production in most portfolios and countries, particularly in Argentina.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €718 million, a 20.4% decrease compared with the €901 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso. Excluding the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the Colombian peso, there was a 14.8% increase as a result of higher revenues particularly in Argentina, where fees and commissions related to transfers and other payment orders increased by 31.2%, fees and commissions related to credit and debit cards increased by 29.4% and fees and commissions related to custody securities increased by 18.7%, as well as in Peru where fees and commissions related to securities management and custody increased by 20%.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €595 million, a 23.5% increase compared with the €482 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the exchange differences and capital gains derived from U.S. dollar positions in Venezuela and Peru, which was partially offset by trading losses in Peru due to derivative transactions affected by volatility in the wholesale financial markets.

 

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Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an operating expense of €38 million, compared with the €890 million of operating expenses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014 mainly as a result of the adjustment for hyperinflation in Venezuela. Additionally, in 2015 there were contributions of €41 additional million to the deposit guarantee fund due to a larger volume of liabilities especially in Argentina, offset by a €49 million increase in income derived from insurance and reinsurance contracts mainly in Argentina and, to a lesser extent, in Chile and Colombia.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €1,875 million, a 12.3% decrease compared with the €2,137 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the Colombian peso. Excluding the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the Colombian peso, there was a 15.2% increase mainly due to Argentina, which accounted for nearly two thirds of the increase, and Venezuela. In Argentina there was a 31.7% increase in administration costs, in line with the estimated inflation rate as of December 2015 (approximately 30%). In Venezuela, the estimated inflation rate as of December 2015 was approximately 170%.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €614 million, a 13.1% decrease compared with the €706 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso. Excluding this effect, there was a 27.8% increase, with all countries showing a similar evolution, mainly as a result of the 16.6% increase registered in the loan portfolio, particularly loans to enterprises and credit cards and consumer finance loans mainly in Argentina and Colombia. This operating segment’s non-performing asset ratio increased to 2.3% as of December 31, 2015, from 2.1% as of December 31, 2014.

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions in this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled €71 million, compared with the €219 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso. Additionally, provisions for early retirement decreased by €25 million in Argentina and in Chile legal contingencies decreased by €52 million. Such legal contingencies were related to Corredora de Bolsa and had been recorded in 2014.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to operating profit of €1,814 million, a 7.0% decrease compared with the €1,951 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014. Excluding the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and the Colombian peso, operating profit increased by 14.9%.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €565 million, a 15.4% increase compared with the €490 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the increased operating profit before tax in certain regions, particularly Argentina, and the tax credit recorded in Chile in 2014, following the revision of our deferred tax assets and liabilities in such country per the new tax rate. These effects were partially offset by the impact of the depreciation of the Venezuelan bolivar and, to a lesser extent, the Colombian peso.

 

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Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €905 million, a 9.6% decrease compared with the €1,001 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

UNITED STATES

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     1,811        1,443        25.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     616        553        11.2  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     186        145        28.3  

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     18        (4      n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     2,631        2,137        23.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (1,602      (1,318      21.5  

Depreciation

     (204      (179      13.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     825        640        28.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (142      (68      108.8  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     3        (10     
n.m.
 
(1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     685        561        22.1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     (168      (133      26.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     517        428        20.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     517        428        20.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     —          —          —    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     517        428        20.8  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

In 2015 the U.S. dollar appreciated 16.5% against the euro on average terms, resulting in a positive exchange rate effect on our income statement. See “—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition”.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €1,811 million, a 25.5% increase compared with the €1,443 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. Excluding the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, there was a 4.9% increase as a result of growth in activity, especially in loans and advances to customers partially offset by a negative price effect as a result of the narrow spreads. On December 16, 2015 the Federal Reserve approved a 25 basis points interest rate increase, the first since June 2006.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €616 million, a 11.2% increase compared with the €553 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. Excluding the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, there was a 6.9% decrease due to lower revenues from securities services (11.2% decrease) and from credit and debit cards (8.2% decrease).

 

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Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €186 million, a 28.3% increase compared with the €145 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the exchange rate and higher contribution from trading income due to the sale of ALCO portfolios.

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was operating income of €18 million, compared with the €4 million operating expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar and the sale of Capital Investment Counsel Inc.

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €1,602 million, a 21.5% increase compared with the €1,318 million expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar. Excluding the impact of the appreciation of the U.S. dollar, there was a 1.7% increase, higher than the 0.73% inflation rate for 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in marketing expenses, equipment expenses and, to a lesser extent, in wages and salaries.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €142 million, a 108.8% increase compared with the €68 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of increased impaired financial assets, particularly in the commercial portfolio in the oil and gas sector after the fall in oil prices. Additionally, impairment losses on financial assets (net) were negatively affected by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €685 million of operating profit, a 22.1% increase compared with the €561 million of operating profit recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was an expense of €168 million, a 26.3% increase compared with the €133 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of the 22.1% increase in the operating profit before tax.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €517 million, a 20.8% increase compared with the €428 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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CORPORATE CENTER

 

     Year Ended December 31,         
     2015      2014      Change  
     (In Millions of Euros)      (In %)  

Net interest income

     (424      (651      (34.8
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net fees and commissions

     (100      (91      10.1  

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

     161        14        n.m.  (1) 

Other operating income and expenses (net)

     172        153        12.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Gross income

     (192      (575      (66.6
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Administration costs

     (589      (541      8.9  

Depreciation

     (237      (264      (10.2
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Net margin before provisions

     (1,017      (1,380      (26.3
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

     (13      (4      225.0  

Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

     (157      (282      (44.4
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

     (1,187      (1,666      (28.7
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

     407        384        6.0  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from continuing operations

     (781      (1,282      (39.0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit from corporate operations (net)

     (1,109      —          n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit

     (1,890      (1,282      47.4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to non-controlling interests

     (19      (3      n.m.  (1) 
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

Profit attributable to parent company

     (1,910      (1,285      48.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

(1) Not meaningful.

Net interest income

Net interest income of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €424 million, compared with the €651 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014. This 34.8% decrease was mainly attributable to the decrease in interest rates which reduced the cost of some preferred securities issued by Unnim.

Net fees and commissions

Net fees and commissions of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €100 million, compared with the €91 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net)

Net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a gain of €161 million, compared with the €14 million gain recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of gains derived from the hedging activity (mainly related to the Swiss franc and the Chilean peso).

Other operating income and expenses (net)

Other operating income and expenses (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was operating income of €172 million, a 12.4% increase compared with the €153 million of operating income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of a positive share of profit of entities accounted for using the equity method compared with the €34 million loss in 2014 and an increase of the dividends received from Telefónica (which amounted to €27 million in 2015 compared with €25 million in 2014).

Administration costs

Administration costs of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 were €589 million, an 8.9% increase compared with the €541 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of higher restructuring costs and early retirement expenses.

Impairment losses on financial assets (net)

Impairment losses on financial assets (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 resulted in a loss of €13 million, compared with the €4 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

 

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Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions

Provisions in this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 totaled €157 million, compared with the €282 million provisions recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014, mainly as a result of lower provisions for early retirements.

Operating profit/(loss) before tax

As a result of the foregoing, the operating profit/(loss) before tax of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €1,187 million, compared with the €1,666 million loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations

Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to €407 million of income, compared with the €384 million of income recorded for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Profit from corporate operations (net)

Profit from corporate operations (net) of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €1,109 million, compared with no gain or loss for 2014. This loss was mainly the result of the fair value measurement of the stake we already held in Garanti at the time we acquired our additional 14.89% stake in Garanti, which we had to make as a result of the purchase of an additional stake in Garanti and the resulting change in its consolidation method, which resulted in a €1,840 million loss, partially offset by the €705 million capital gains from the sale of the 6.34% stake in CNCB.

Profit attributable to parent company

As a result of the foregoing, profit attributable to parent company of this operating segment for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a loss of €1,910 million, compared with the €1,285 million loss recorded for the year ended December  31, 2014.

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity risk management and controls are explained in Note 7.5.1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, information on encumbered assets is provided in Note 7.5.2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For information concerning our short-term borrowing, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Selected Statistical Information—Liabilities—Short-term Borrowings”.

Liquidity and finance management of the BBVA Group’s balance sheet seeks to fund the growth of the banking business at suitable maturities and costs, using a wide range of instruments that provide access to a large number of alternative sources of finance.

A core principle in the BBVA Group’s liquidity and finance management is the financial independence of its banking subsidiaries. This aims to ensure that the cost of liquidity is correctly reflected in price formation. Accordingly, we maintain a liquidity pool at an individual entity level at each of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and our banking subsidiaries, including BBVA Compass, BBVA Bancomer, Garanti and our Latin American subsidiaries.

 

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The table below shows the composition of the liquidity pool of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and each of our significant subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016:

 

     BBVA
Eurozone (1)
     BBVA
Bancomer
     BBVA
Compass
     Garanti      Others  
     (In Millions of Euros)         

Cash and balances with central banks

     16,038        8,221        1,495        4,758        6,504  

Assets for credit operations with central banks

     50,706        4,175        26,865        4,935        4,060  

Central governments issues

     30,702        1,964        1,084        4,935        3,985  

Of Which: Spanish government securities

     23,353        —          —          —          —    

Other issues

     20,005        2,212        8,991        —          75  

Loans

     —          —          16,790        —          —    

Other non-eligible liquid assets

     6,884        938        662        1,478        883  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accumulated available balance

     73,629        13,335        29,022        11,171        11,447  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Average balance (2)

     68,322        13,104        27,610        12,871        11,523  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (Portugal), S.A.
(2) Average balance for the year ended December 31, 2016, based on the beginning and the day-end balances during each period.

Management of liquidity and structural finance within the BBVA Group is based on the principle of the financial autonomy of the entities that make it up. This approach helps prevent and limit liquidity risk by reducing the Group’s vulnerability in periods of high risk. This decentralized management also helps avoid possible contagion due to a crisis that could affect only one or several BBVA Group entities, which must cover their liquidity needs independently in the markets where they operate. Liquidity Management Units (LMUs) have been set up for this reason in the geographical areas where the main foreign subsidiaries operate, and also for the parent company of the Group (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.) within the Euro currency scope, which LMU includes BBVA Portugal, S.A.

The Finance Division, through Global Asset Liabilities Management (ALM), manages the BBVA Group’s liquidity and funding. It plans and executes the funding of the long-term structural gap of each LMU and proposes to ALCO the actions to adopt in this regard in accordance with the policies and limits established by the Executive Committee.

As a first core element, the Bank’s target behavior in terms of liquidity and funding risk is characterized through the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Loan-to-Stable-Customer-Deposits (LtSCD) ratio. LCR is a regulatory measurement aimed at ensuring entities’ resilience in a scenario of liquidity stress within a time horizon of 30 days. BBVA, within its risk appetite framework and its limits and alerts schemes, has established requirements for compliance with the LCR ratio both for the Group as a whole and for each of the LMUs individually. The internal levels required are designed to comply in advance with the implementation of the regulatory requirements of 2018, at a level above 100%.

For the purpose of establishing the (maximum) target levels for LtSCD in each LMU and providing an optimal funding structure reference in terms of risk appetite, Global Risk Management (“GRM”)-Structural Risks identifies and assesses the economic and financial variables that condition the funding structures in the various geographical areas. The behavior of the indicators reflects that the funding structure remained robust in 2016. The behavior of BBVA’s LtSCD in each LMU reflects that the funding structure remained robust in 2016, in the sense that all the LMUs maintained levels of self-funding with stable customer funds which were higher than the required levels.

The second core element in liquidity and funding risk management is to seek to achieve proper diversification of the funding structure, avoiding excessive reliance on short-term funding and establishing a maximum level of short-term borrowing comprising both wholesale funding as well as less stable funds from non-retail customers. Regarding long-term funding, its maturity profile does not show significant concentrations, which contributes to the adaptation of the anticipated securities issuance schedule to financial conditions of the markets. Moreover, concentration risk is monitored at the LMU level, with a view to ensuring the right diversification both by counterparty and by instrument type.

 

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The third element promotes the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile, making sure that each LMU has sufficient collateral to address the risk of wholesale markets closing. “Basic Capacity” is the short-term liquidity risk management and control metric that is defined as the relationship between the available explicit assets and the maturities of wholesale liabilities and volatile funds, at different terms, with special relevance being given to 30-day maturities.

Our principal source of funds is our customer deposit base, which consists primarily of demand, savings and time deposits. In addition to relying on our customer deposits, we also access the interbank market (overnight and time deposits) and domestic and international capital markets for our additional liquidity requirements. To access the capital markets, we have in place a series of domestic and international programs for the issuance of commercial paper and medium- and long-term debt. Another source of liquidity is our generation of cash flow from our operations. Finally, we supplement our funding requirements with borrowings from the Bank of Spain and from the ECB or the respective central banks of the countries where our subsidiaries are located. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our borrowings from central banks.

The following table shows the balances as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of our principal sources of funds (including accrued interest, hedge transactions and issue expenses):

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Deposits from central banks

     34,740        40,087        28,193  

Deposits from credit institutions

     63,501        68,543        65,168  

Customer deposits

     401,465        403,362        319,334  

Debt certificates and subordinated liabilities

     76,375        81,980        71,917  

Other financial liabilities

     13,129        12,141        7,288  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     589,210        606,113        491,900  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Customer deposits

Customer deposits amounted to €401,465 million as of December 31, 2016, compared with €403,362 million as of December 31, 2015 and €319,334 million as of December 31, 2014.

Our customer deposits, excluding assets sold under repurchase agreements, amounted to €387,974 million as of December 31, 2016 compared with €380,094 million as of December 31, 2015 and €294,717 million as of December 31, 2014.

Amounts due to credit institutions

Amounts due to credit institutions, including central banks, amounted to €98,241 million as of December 31, 2016, compared with €108,630 million as of December 31, 2015 and €93,361 million as of December 31, 2014. The decrease as of December 31, 2016 compared with December 31, 2015, was mainly attributable to the lower volume of deposits from central banks.

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Deposits from credit institutions

     63,501        68,543        65,168  

Deposits from central banks

     34,740        40,087        28,193  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Deposits from credit institutions

     98,241        108,630        93,361  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Capital markets

We make debt issuances in the domestic and international capital markets in order to finance our activities and as of December 31, 2016 we had €59,390 million of senior debt outstanding, comprising €58,173 million in bonds and debentures and €1,217 million in promissory notes and other securities, compared with €66,165 million, €65,517 million and €648 million outstanding as of December 31, 2015, respectively (€58,096 million, €57,026 million and €1,070 million outstanding, respectively, as of December 31, 2014). See Note 22.3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In addition, we had a total of €15,718 million in subordinated debt and €987 million in preferred securities outstanding as of December 31, 2016, compared with €14,609 million and €974 million outstanding as of December 31, 2015, respectively.

The breakdown of the outstanding subordinated debt and preferred securities by entity issuer, maturity, interest rate and currency is disclosed in Appendix VI of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following is a breakdown as of December 31, 2016 of the maturities of our debt certificates (including bonds) from credit institutions and subordinated liabilities, disregarding any valuation adjustments and accrued interest (regulatory equity instruments have been classified according to their contractual maturity):

 

     Demand      Up to 1
Month
     1 to 3
Months
     3 to 12
Months
     1 to 5
Years
     Over 5
Years
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)                

Debt certificates (including bonds)

     189        6,197        980        8,681        25,278        16,258        57,582  

Subordinated liabilities

     104        —          78        109        4,145        12,270        16,706  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     292        6,197        1,058        8,790        29,423        28,528        74,288  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Generation of Cash Flow

We operate in Spain, Mexico, Turkey, the United States and over 30 other countries, mainly in Europe, Latin America, and Asia. Our banking subsidiaries around the world, including BBVA Compass, are subject to supervision and regulation by a variety of regulatory bodies relating to, among other things, the satisfaction of minimum capital requirements. The obligation to satisfy such capital requirements may affect the ability of our banking subsidiaries, including BBVA Compass, to transfer funds to us in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. In addition, under the laws of the various jurisdictions where our subsidiaries, including BBVA Compass, are incorporated, dividends may only be paid out of funds legally available. For example, BBVA Compass is incorporated in Alabama and under Alabama law it is not able to pay any dividends without the prior approval of the Superintendent of Banking of Alabama if the dividend would exceed the total net earnings for the year combined with the bank’s retained net earnings of the preceding two years.

Even where minimum capital requirements are met and funds are legally available therefor, the relevant regulator could advise against the transfer of funds to us in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances, for prudence reasons or otherwise.

There is no assurance that in the future other similar restrictions will not be adopted or that, if adopted, they will not negatively affect our liquidity. The geographic diversification of our businesses, however, may help to limit the effect on the Group of any restrictions that could be adopted in any given country.

We believe that our working capital is sufficient for our present requirements and to pursue our planned business strategies.

See Note 51 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

 

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Capital

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, equity is calculated in accordance with current regulation on minimum capital base requirements for Spanish credit institutions, both as individual entities and as consolidated groups. Such regulation dictates how to calculate their equity levels, as well as the various internal capital adequacy assessment processes they should have in place and the information they should disclose to the market.

The minimum capital base requirements established by the current regulation are calculated according to the Group’s exposure to credit and dilution risk, counterparty and liquidity risk relating to the trading portfolio, exchange-rate risk and operational risk. In addition, the Group must fulfill the risk concentration limits established in said regulation and the internal corporate governance obligations.

As a result of the most recent SREP carried out by the ECB in 2016, the Bank has been informed by the ECB that, effective from January 1, 2017, it is required to maintain (i) a CET1 phased-in capital ratio of 7.625% (on a consolidated basis) and 7.25% (on an individual basis); and (ii) a phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125% (on a consolidated basis) and 10.75% (on an individual basis). This phased-in total capital ratio of 11.125% on a consolidated basis includes (i) the minimum CET1 capital ratio required under “Pillar 1” (4.5%); (ii) the “Pillar 1” Additional Tier 1 capital requirement (1.5%); (iii) the “Pillar 1” Tier 2 capital requirement (2.0%); (iv) the additional CET1 capital requirement under “Pillar 2” (1.5%); (v) the capital conservation buffer (1.25% CET1); and (vi) the D-SIBs buffer (0.375% CET1).

Since BBVA has been excluded from the list of global systemically important financial institutions in 2016, the G-SIB buffer will not apply to BBVA in 2017. However, the FSB or the supervisor may include BBVA on such list (which is updated every year) in the future.

The Bank of Spain announced on November 7, 2016 that the Bank will continue to be considered a D-SIB, and consequently the Bank will be required to maintain during 2017 a D-SIB buffer of a CET1 capital ratio of 0.75% on a consolidated basis. The D-SIB buffer is being phased-in from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2019, with the result that the D-SIB buffer applicable to the Bank for 2017 is a CET1 capital ratio of 0.375% on a consolidated basis.

The CET1 requirement on phased-in terms stands at 7.625% on a consolidated basis and 7.25% on an individual basis.

Our consolidated ratios as of December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

 

     As of
December 31,
2016
    As of
December 31,
2015
    %
Change
 
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Ordinary TIER 1 Capital

     54,339       54,829       (0.89

Adjustments

     (6,969     (6,275     11.1  

Mandatory convertible bonds

     —         —         —    

CORE CAPITAL (a)

     47,370       48,554       (2.4

Preferred securities

     6,496       5,302       22.5  

Adjustments

     (3,783     (5,302     (28.6

CAPITAL (TIER I) (b)

     50,083       48,554       3.1  

OTHER ELIGIBLE CAPITAL (TIER II) (c)

     8,810       11,646       (24.3

CAPITAL BASE (TIER I + TIER II) (d)

     58,893       60,200       (2.2

Minimum capital requirement (BIS III Regulations)

     31,116       32,102       (3.1

CAPITAL SURPLUS

     27,777       28,097       (1.1

RISK WEIGHTED ASSETS (RWA) (e)

     388,951       401,285       (3.1

BIS RATIO (d)/(e)

     15.14     15.00  

CORE CAPITAL (a)/(e)

     12.18     12.10  

TIER I (b)/(e)

     12.88     12.10  

TIER II (c)/(e)

     2.27     2.90  

 

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Variations in the amount of Tier 1 Common Equity in the above table were mainly explained by the organic generation of capital leaning against the recurrence of the results, net of dividends paid and remunerations, and the efficient management and allocation of capital in line with the strategic objectives of the Group. The increase was partially offset by the impact of the regulatory phase-in calendar in connection with minority interests and deductions (60% in 2016 compared with 40% in 2015).

During 2016, the BBVA Group obtained the additional Tier 1 capital recommended by the regulator (1.5% of RWAs) with the issuance of perpetual securities convertible into shares, classified as additional Tier 1 equity instruments (contingent convertible securities) under the solvency rules and contributing to a Tier 1 ratio of 12.88%.

The decrease in minimum capital requirements was mainly due to the aforementioned new prudential capital requirements applicable to BBVA.

As of December 31, 2016, the Bank’s phased-in total capital ratio was 15.14% on a consolidated basis and 21.83% on an individual basis. As of December 31, 2016, the Bank’s CET1 phased-in capital ratio was 12.18% on a consolidated basis and 17.56% on an individual basis.

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

In 2016, we continued to foster the use of new technologies as a key component of our global development strategy. We explored new business and growth opportunities, focusing on three major areas: emerging technologies; digital banking; and data driven initiatives, in each case with the customer as the focal point of our banking business.

The BBVA Group is not materially dependent on the issuance of patents, licenses and industrial, mercantile or financial contracts or on new manufacturing processes in carrying out its business purpose.

D. Trend Information

The European financial services sector is expected to remain competitive in the current challenging environment. Further consolidation in the sector through mergers, acquisitions or alliances, might be possible. Some banks have exited some lines of their non-core businesses and activities.

There are four main trends that are expected to shape the sector profitability in the future: the slow economic recovery, the low (or even negative) interest rate environment, the surge of alternative finance providers and the completion and the implementation of the already existing financial regulatory reforms. At the same time there are new and evolving risks, such as market based and asset management activities, misconduct risks and the decline of correspondent banking, among others.

For a discussion on the slow economic recovery trend, see “—Operating Results—Factors Affecting the Comparability of our Results of Operations and Financial Condition—Operating Environment”. Regarding the second trend, the impact of the ultra-expansionary monetary policy is already notably significant in the sector’s results, where the reductions of credit interest rates cannot be compensated by a similar contraction of the deposit rates as customers are not accustomed to negative deposit rates and that funding source is crucial for banks. This is particularly important in a country like Spain, where mortgages account for a significant proportion of credit (more than 40%) and nine out of 10 mortgages are estimated to be on variable rates. Further, alternative finance providers are growing very fast in line with technological advances and becoming a very important competitor for the banking industry (see also “Item 4. Information on the Company—Competition”). These entities, which form part of the shadow banking sector, do not have to comply with a regulation scheme as strict as that applicable to banks. Finally, regarding the fourth trend, it is likely that, in the framework of the banking union and in the inception of the capital

 

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markets union, regulatory changes and enhanced institutional architecture might contribute to a more competitive and less fragmented landscape. Having said that, a comprehensive analysis and understanding of the already implemented regulatory changes would be needed before the introduction of new measures.

There are still some challenges to be addressed, such as the banking conduct and culture and their implications on consumer and investor protection issues. An ethical behavior is of the utmost importance for the banking business to recover the trust that was lost during the last financial crisis. It is a discernible hallmark that allows agents a better formation of their expectations in those fields where the activity is not regulated or supervised. As such, banking conduct and culture are achieving higher relevance.

In that vein, business activities have to be based on a prudent and an anticipatory management approach with a customer-focus approach; that is, with customers at the core of all of the activities performed. Indeed, personal and professional integrity and competence is inherent to the way of understanding and conducting all of BBVA’s activities to bring the age of opportunity to everyone.

Financial stability and consumer protection are the final goals of the global financial regulatory reform that started eight years ago. However, if such reform is applied locally, inconsistently and heterogeneously, it can lead to divergences, regulatory inconsistencies and regulatory arbitrages with unintended consequences. In addition to that, the lack of homogeneity at the European level makes it difficult for investors to evaluate financial institutions and often impose additional burdens on financial institutions. This could reduce the potential synergies for the Group, as it might not be allowed to sell the same products across all the jurisdictions in which it carries out its activities.

Regarding consumer protection rules, the European Commission proposed on February 10, 2016 the application of the revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) of the European Parliament and of the European Council be delayed by one year until January 3, 2018. Six days later, the European Parliament also proposed the deferral of its transposition into national legislation for one year, until July 3, 2017. This decision responded to concerns expressed by the European Securities and Markets Authority (the “ESMA”) regarding the fact that neither the competent authorities, nor market participants, would have the necessary information technology systems ready in time for earlier implementation.

Broadly, MiFID II goals are fostering investor protection, enhancing market transparency and competition and improving corporate governance and compliance, all at the same time. It represents a significant overhaul of MiFID -that came into force in 2007- and will have a significant impact in European markets. It represents a significant effort in terms of costs for regulators, supervisors and financial entities to adapt their systems to the new requirements.

For fostering investor protection, MiFID II establishes (i) stricter requirements for product design, distribution and follow-up; (ii) tougher conditions for the provision of independent services; (iii) the prohibition, subject to certain exceptions, of any remuneration, discount or non-monetary benefit in exchange for advisory services, including research and (iv) a detailed cost disclosure.

The greater pre-trade transparency in markets might result in narrower margins due to a compression of spreads and in a change of paradigm in the competitive landscape. In addition, the higher post-trade transparency may have unintended consequences as a result of the availability of public information related to transactions closed on book positions.

MiFID II requirements also focus on the responsibilities of the management board in product governance issues that, in broad terms, consists in narrowing the target market and clients for each product to be sold, reviewing distribution contracts and flows of information between manufacturers and distributors and strengthening the procedures and mechanisms to adequately track the product during its whole life cycle and on the requirements and functions for regulatory compliance.

Another key regulation for consumer protection in Europe is the Packaged Retail and Insurance-based Investment Products (“PRIIPs”). The original proposal from the European Commission was released on July 3, 2012 and the regulation on Key Information Documents (“KIDs”) for PRIIPS was passed and published in the Official Journal of the EU on November 26, 2014 and was expected to become effective on January 1, 2017.

 

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However, the Commission decided to extend by one year the implementation of the PRIIPS regulation in order to assure a smooth implementation for European consumers and ensure legal certainty for the sector.

The PRIIPs regulation aims at increasing transparency and comparability among investment products. As such, financial institutions have to provide consumers with the necessary information to make their investment decisions with a clear understanding of all the risks, costs and scenarios involved. The European Supervisory Authorities (“ESAs”), which include the EBA, the ESMA and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority) launched a Joint Consultation Paper on November 10, 2015 with the proposed Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS) that define the Level 2 requirements of the PRIIPs Regulation, including both presentation and content of the KIDs. On June 30, 2016 the Commission adopted a delegated act setting the RTS specifying the content and underlying methodology of the KIDs. However, on September 14, 2016 the European Parliament voted down the delegated act and called for certain modifications. An amended version of the draft regulatory technical standard is to be submitted by the ESAs and approved by the European Parliament such that the revised PRIIPs framework can be in place during the first half of 2017 and apply as of January 1, 2018.

We consider that MiFID II and PRIIPs should converge whenever possible to avoid regulatory inconsistencies and duplicities that may confuse consumers and reduce their protection instead of increasing it. Furthermore, having both regimes entail additional costs for financial institutions.

Furthermore, there are other challenges to be mentioned, such as the VAT regime applicable to banks. The VAT regime applicable to banks is part of the trend of increasing pressure on financial systems. Within the Euro Area, several countries are imposing new taxes on the financial industry, such as bank levies, financial activity taxes or FTT. In addition, there is an agreement to introduce a FTT at the European Union level. Such proposal was made by the European Commission for introducing a tax within eleven Member States of the European Union. The introduction of such tax was initially expected by January 1, 2014 but it was later postponed to January 1, 2016, then to mid-2016 and has now stalled because it lost the support of one Member State.

Differing tax regimes could set incentives for banks to operate, or transactions to take place, in those geographies where the tax pressure is lower. The implementation of new regulations in countries where we operate which results in increased tax pressure could have a material impact on our profitability.

Regarding the banking structural reforms, the European Commission released a proposal in January 2014. The proposal is twofold and imposes a prohibition on proprietary trading and an annual supervisory examination of trading activities that may trigger the separation of market-making, complex derivatives and risky securitization if the thresholds on a certain number of metrics are breached (a wider separation is possible under supervisory discretion). The European Council reached an agreement on this matter in June 2015. Its position includes important changes to the original EC’s proposal. It softens the latter by introducing the mandatory separation of proprietary trading instead of its prohibition. On the other hand, the European Parliament failed to agree a common position in May 2015. Negotiations within the European Parliament have stalled for now.

The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) is binding since January 2015, and the bail-in tool since 2016. The BRRD sets a common framework for all EU countries with the intention to pre-empt bank crises and resolve financial institutions in an orderly manner in the event of failure, whilst preserving essential bank operations and minimizing taxpayers’ costs, thus helping to restore confidence in Europe’s financial sector. The bail-in tool implies that banks’ creditors will be written down or converted into equity in a resolution scenario, and that they should afford much of the burden to help recapitalize a failed bank instead of the taxpayers. For that to be effective, the BRRD requires banks to have enough liabilities that could be eligible to bail-in – the Minimum Required Eligible Liabilities (MREL). Despite the impact on banks’ liability structure, we believe the introduction of the bail-in tool and the MREL enhances banks’ fundamentals, encourages positive discrimination between issuers, breaks down the sovereign-banking link and increases market discipline.

The SRB set undisclosed banks’ target of MREL in the third quarter of 2016. The European Commission issued a comprehensive legislative proposal on November 23, 2016 known as the CRD5, so as to modify, among other issues, MREL and introduce TLAC requirement for G-SIBs into European legislation. The EBA reviewed the implementation of MREL in December 2016.

 

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The CRD5 is aimed at amending both the current banking prudential and resolution frameworks. The revision includes the implementation of several international standards into EU law (some regulatory pieces adopted by the Basel Committee after 2010 and the TLAC standard) and the introduction of a package of technical improvements. In parallel, a legislative proposal to harmonize creditor hierarchy of senior debt across the EU has also been released. The publication of these proposals is only the first step in the legislative process of the European Union. A negotiation period of approximately one year is expected before a final text is agreed and regulatory implementation standards are developed.

As a result, there are still many doubts regarding the final MREL design in Europe.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In addition to loans, we had outstanding the following amounts of our off-balance sheet arrangements as of the dates indicated:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Bank guarantees

     39,722        39,971        28,297  

Letters of credit

     10,210        9,367        5,397  

Total financial guarantees given

     49,932        49,338        33,694  

In addition to the off-balance sheet arrangements described above, the following tables provide information regarding commitments to extend credit and assets under management as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Credit institutions

     859        921        1,057  

Government and other government agencies

     3,110        2,570        1,359  

Other resident sectors

     28,323        27,334        21,784  

Non-resident sector

     74,961        92,795        72,514  

Total Contingent Liabilities

     107,253        123,620        96,714  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Contingent Risks and Contingent Liabilities

     157,185        172,958        130,408  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     As of December 31,  
     2016      2015      2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Mutual funds

     55,037        54,419        52,782  

Pension funds

     33,418        31,542        27,364  

Customer portfolios

     40,805        42,074        35,129  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets under management

     129,260        128,035        115,275  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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See Note 36 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information with respect to our off-balance sheet arrangements.

F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

Our consolidated contractual obligations as of December 31, 2016 based on when they are due, were as follows:

 

     Less Than One
Year
     One to Three
Years
     Three to Five
Years
     Over Five
Years
     Total  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Senior debt

     16,046        20,649        4,629        16,258        57,582  

Subordinated debt

     291        1,329        2,817        12,270        16,706  

Deposits from customers

     363,533        20,174        2,035        14,779        400,521  

Capital lease obligations

     —          —          —          —          —    

Operating lease obligations

     263        305        321        2,397        3,286  

Purchase obligations

     23        —          —          —          23  

Post-employment benefits (1)

     941        1,619        1,292        2,102        5,954  

Insurance commitments (2)

     1,705        1,214        1,482        4,738        9,139  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total (3)

     382,802        45,290        12,576        52,544        493,212  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Represents the Group’s estimated aggregate amounts for pension commitments in defined-benefit plans and other post-employment commitments (such as early retirement and welfare benefits), based on certain actuarial assumptions. Post-employment benefits are detailed in Note 25 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) Liabilities under insurance and reinsurance contracts
(3)  Interest to be paid is not included (see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The majority of the senior and subordinated debt was issued at variable rates. The financial cost of such issuances for 2016, 2015 and 2014 is detailed in Note 37.2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Our Board of Directors is committed to a good corporate governance system in the design and operation of our corporate bodies in the best interests of the Company and our shareholders.

Our Board of Directors is subject to Board Regulations that reflect and implement the principles and elements of BBVA’s concept of corporate governance. These Board Regulations comprise standards for the internal management and operation of the Board and its Committees, as well as the rights and obligations of directors in the performance of their duties, which are contained in the directors’ charter.

General shareholders’ meetings are subject to their own set of regulations on issues such as how they operate and what rights shareholders enjoy regarding such meetings. These establish the possibility of exercising or delegating votes over remote communication media.

Our Board of Directors has approved a report on corporate governance and a report on directors’ remuneration for 2016, according to the forms set forth under Spanish regulation for listed companies.

Shareholders and investors may find the documents referred to above on our website (www.bbva.com).

Our website was created as an instrument to facilitate information and communication with shareholders. It provides special direct access to all information considered relevant to BBVA’s corporate governance system in a user-friendly manner. In addition, all the information required by article 539 of the Corporate Enterprises Act can be accessed on BBVA’s website (www.bbva.com).

A. Directors and Senior Management

We are managed by a Board of Directors that currently has 14 members.

 

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Pursuant to article 1 of the Board Regulations, Bank directorships may be executive or non-executive. Executive directors are those who perform management functions in the Company or its Group entities, regardless of the legal relationship they have with such companies. All other Board members will be considered non-executives and they may be proprietary, independent or other external directors.

Independent directors are those non-executive directors who have been appointed in view of their personal and professional background who can perform their duties without being constrained by their relations with the Company or its Group, its significant shareholders or its executives. Under the Board Regulations, directors cannot be deemed independent if they:

 

  (a) have been employees or executive directors in Group companies, unless three or five years have elapsed, respectively since they ceased as employees or executive directors, as the case may be;

 

  (b) receive from the Company or its Group entities, any amount or benefit for an item other than remuneration for their directorship, except where the sum is insignificant. This does not include either dividends or pension supplements that a director may receive due to a former professional or employment relationship, provided these are unconditional and, consequently, the company paying them may not at its own discretion, suspend, amend or revoke their accrual unless there has been a breach of duty;

 

  (c) are partners of the external auditor or in charge of the audit report or have been so in the last three years, whether the audit in question was carried out on the Company or any other Group entity;

 

  (d) are executive directors or senior managers of another company in which a Company’s executive director or senior manager is an external director;

 

  (e) maintain any significant business relationship with the Company or with any Group company or have done so over the last year, either in their own name or as a significant shareholder, director or senior manager of a company that maintains or has maintained such a relationship. Business relationship here means any relationship as supplier of goods or services, including financial goods or services, and as advisor or consultant;

 

  (f) are significant shareholders, executive directors or senior managers of any entity that receives, or has received over the last three years, donations from the Company or its Group. Those persons who are merely trustees in a foundation receiving donations shall not be deemed to be included under this letter;

 

  (g) are spouses, or spousal equivalents or related up to second degree of kinship to an executive director or senior manager of the Company;

 

  (h) have not been proposed by the Appointments Committee for appointment or renewal;

 

  (i) have held a directorship for a continuous period of more than 12 years; or

 

  (j) are related to any significant shareholder or shareholder represented on the Board of Directors under any of the circumstances described under letters (a), (e), (f) or (g) above. In the event of kinship relationships mentioned in letter (g), the limitation will apply not only with respect to the shareholder, but also with respect to their proprietary directors in the company in which the shareholder holds an interest.

 

  Directors who hold shares in the Bank may be considered independent provided they comply with the above conditions and their shareholding is not legally considered to be significant.

Regulations of the Board of Directors

The principles and elements comprising our corporate governance are set forth in our Board Regulations, which govern the internal procedures and the operation of the Board and its Committees and directors’ rights and duties as described in their charter.

 

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The full text of the Board Regulations can be found on the Bank’s corporate website (www.bbva.com).

The following provides a brief description of several significant matters covered in the Regulations of the Board of Directors.

Appointment and Re-election of Directors

The proposals that the Board submits to the Company’s general shareholders’ meeting for the appointment or re-election of directors and the appointments the Board makes directly to cover vacancies, exercising its powers of co-option will be approved at the proposal of the Appointments Committee in the case of independent directors, and following a report from said Committee for all other directors.

In all such cases the proposal must be accompanied by a report of the Board explaining the grounds on which the Board of Directors has assessed the competence, experience and merits of the candidate proposed, which will be attached to the minutes of the general shareholders’ meeting or of the Board of Directors.

To such end, the Appointments Committee will evaluate the balance of skills, knowledge and expertise on the Board of Directors, as well as the conditions that candidates should display to fill the vacancies arising, assessing the dedication necessary to be able to suitably perform their duties in view of the needs that the Company’s governing bodies may have at any time.

Term of Directorships and Director Age Limit

Directors will stay in office for the term set out in our Bylaws (three years). If they have been co-opted, they will stay in office until the first general shareholders’ meeting is held. The general shareholders’ meeting may then ratify their appointment for the term of office established under our Bylaws.

BBVA’s Board of Directors Regulations establishes an age limit for sitting on the Bank’s Board. Directors must present their resignation at the first meeting of the Bank’s Board of Directors to be held after the general shareholders’ meeting that approves the accounts for the year in which they reach the age of seventy-five years.

Evaluation

Article 17 of the Board Regulations indicates that the Board of Directors will assess the quality and efficiency of the Board’s operation and will assess the performance of the duties of the Chairman of the Board (process which will be directed by the Lead Director). Such assessment will always begin with the report submitted by the Appointments Committee. Likewise, the Board will carry out the evaluation of the operation of its Committees, on the basis of the report that each Committee submits to the Board of Directors.

Moreover, article 5 of the Board Regulations establishes that the Chairman, who is responsible for the efficient running of the Board of Directors, will organize and coordinate the periodic assessment of the Board’s performance with the Chairs of the relevant Committees. Pursuant to the provisions of the Board Regulations, as in previous years, in 2016 the Board of Directors assessed the quality and efficiency of its own operation and of its Committees, as well as the performance of the duties of the Chairman both as Chairman of the Board and as first executive of the Bank.

Performance of Directors’ Duties

Directors must comply with their duties as defined by legislation and by our Bylaws in a manner that is faithful to the interests of the Company.

They will participate in the deliberations, discussions and debates on matters submitted for their consideration, expressing their opposition when they consider that a draft resolution submitted to the Board may be contrary to the Company’s interests and will be appraised of the necessary information to be able to form their own opinions regarding questions corresponding to our corporate bodies. They may request any additional information and advice they require to comply with their duties. They must devote to their duties the time and effort which is necessary to perform them efficiently and they are obliged to attend the meetings of corporate bodies and of the Board Committees on which they sit, unless they can justify the reason for their absence.

 

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The directors may also request the Board of Directors for assistance from external experts on matters subject to their consideration whose special complexity or importance so requires.

Conflicts of Interest

The rules comprising the BBVA directors’ charter detail different situations in which conflicts of interest could arise between directors, their family members and/or organizations with which they are linked, and the BBVA Group. They set out procedures for such cases, in order to avoid conduct contrary to our best interests. The rules contained in the BBVA Board of Directors’ charter are in line with the specific regulation established on the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act.

These rules help ensure directors’ conduct reflects stringent ethical codes, in keeping with applicable standards and according to core values of the BBVA Group.

Incompatibilities

Directors are also subject to the rules on limitations and incompatibilities established under the applicable regulations at any time and, in particular, to the provisions of Spanish Law 10/2014 and Circular 2/2016, of the Bank of Spain, for credit institutions on supervision and solvency. A director of BBVA may not be a director in companies in which the Group or any of the Group companies hold a stake, subject to the exceptions set forth below. Non-executive directors may hold a directorship in the Bank’s associated companies or in any other Group company provided the directorship is not related to the Group’s holding in such companies. As an exception and when proposed by the Bank, executive directors are able to hold directorships in companies directly or indirectly controlled by the Bank with the approval of the Executive Committee, and in other associated companies with the approval of the Board of Directors.

Directors may not provide professional services to enterprises competing with the Bank or any of the Group entities, unless they have received express prior authorization from the Board of Directors or the general shareholders’ meeting, as the case may be, or unless such services or activities were provided or performed before they became directors of the Bank, they do not involve effective competition with the Bank and they were reported to the Bank at the time of appointment.

Directors’ Resignation and Dismissal

Furthermore, in the following circumstances, reflected in the Board Regulations, directors must place their office at the disposal of the Board of Directors and accept its decision regarding their continuity or non-continuity in office. Should the Board resolve they do not continue in office, they will be obliged to tender their resignation:

 

    when they are affected by circumstances of incompatibility or prohibition as defined under prevailing legislation, in our Bylaws or in the Board Regulations;

 

    when significant changes occur in their professional or personal situation that may affect the condition by virtue of which they were appointed to the Board of Directors;

 

    when they are in serious dereliction of their duties as directors;

 

    when for reasons attributable to the director in his or her condition as such, serious damage has been done to the Company’s net worth, credit or reputation; or

 

    when they lose their suitability to hold the position of director of the Bank.

 

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The Board of Directors

Our Board of Directors is currently comprised of 14 members.

The following table sets forth the names of the members of the Board of Directors as of that date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F, their date of appointment and, if applicable, re-election, their current positions and their present principal outside occupation and employment history.

 

Name

   Birth Year   

Current

Position

  

Date Nominated

  

Date Re-elected

  

Present Principal Outside Occupation

and Employment History(*)

Francisco González Rodríguez(1)    1944    Group Executive Chairman    January 28, 2000    March 11, 2016    Group Executive Chairman of BBVA since January 2000; Director of Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. and BBVA Bancomer S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer.
Carlos Torres Vila (1) (6)    1966    Chief Executive Officer    May 4, 2015    March 11, 2016   

Chief Executive Officer of BBVA since May 2015. Chairman of the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee. Director of Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. and BBVA Bancomer S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer.

He started at BBVA on September 2008 holding senior management posts such as Head of Digital Banking from March 2014 to May 2015 and BBVA Strategy & Corporate Development Director from January 2009 to March 2014.

Tomás Alfaro Drake(2)(3)(6)    1951    Independent Director    March 18, 2006    March 17, 2017    Chairman of the Appointments Committee of BBVA since May 25, 2010. Director of Internal Development and Professor in the Finance department of Universidad Francisco de Vitoria.
José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas (2) (3) (5) (7)    1955    Independent Director    March 13, 2015    Not applicable    Chairman of the Audit and Compliance Committee of BBVA. Chairman of Ernst & Young Spain from 2004 to 2014, where he was a partner since 1987 and also held a series of senior offices, including Director of the Banking Group from 1989 to 2004 and Managing Director of the Audit and Advisory practices at Ernst & Young Italy and Portugal from 2008 to 2013.
José Antonio Fernández Rivero(1)(4)    1949    External Director    February 28, 2004    March 13, 2015    Was appointed Group General Manager until January 2003. Has been the director representing BBVA on the Boards of Telefónica, Iberdrola and Banco de Crédito Local and Chairman of Adquira.

Belén Garijo

López(2) (4)

   1960    Independent Director    March 16, 2012    March 13, 2015    Member of the Executive Board of Merck Group and CEO of Merck Healthcare, member of the Board of Directors of L’Oréal and Chair of the International Executive Committee of PhRMA, ISEC (Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America).

 

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Name

   Birth Year   

Current

Position

  

Date Nominated

  

Date Re-elected

  

Present Principal Outside Occupation

and Employment History(*)

José Manuel González-Páramo Martínez-Murillo    1958    Executive Director    May 29, 2013    March 17, 2017    Executive Director of BBVA since May 29, 2013. Member of the European Central Bank (ECB) Governing Council and Executive Committee from 2004 to 2012. Chairman of European DataWarehouse GmbH. Head of BBVA’s Global Economics, Regulation and Public Affairs.
Sunir Kumar Kapoor (6)    1963    Independent Director    March 11, 2016    Not applicable    President and CEO of UBmatrix Inc from 2005 to 2011. Executive Vice President and CMO of Cassatt Corporation from 2004 to 2005. Oracle Corporation, Vice President Collaboration Suite from 2002 to 2004. Founder and CEO of Tsola Inc from 1999 to 2001. President and CEO of E-Stamp Corporation from 1996 to 1999. Vice President of Strategy, Marketing and Planning of Oracle Corporation from 1994 to 1996. Currently, he is an independent consultant to various leading companies in the technology sector, such as cloud infrastructures or data analysis.
Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo(1)(5)    1947    External Director    February 28, 2004    March 17, 2017    Was Partner of J&A Garrigues from 1977 to 2004, where he has also held a series of senior offices, including Director of M&A Department, Director of Banking and Capital Markets Department and member of its Management Committee.
Lourdes Máiz Carro (2) (3)    1959    Independent Director    March 14, 2014    March 17, 2017    Was Secretary of the Board of Directors and Director of Legal Services at Iberia, Líneas Aéreas de España from 2001 until 2016. Joined the Spanish State Counsel Corps (Cuerpo de Abogados del Estado) and from 1992 until 1993 she was Deputy to the Director in the Ministry of Public Administration. From 1993 to 2001 held various senior positions in the Public Administration.
José Maldonado Ramos(1)(3)    1952    External Director    January 28, 2000    March 13, 2015    Was appointed Director and General Secretary of BBVA in January 2000. Took early retirement as Bank executive in December 2009.
Juan Pi Llorens (2)(4)(6)    1950    Independent Director    July 27, 2011    March 13, 2015    Chairman of the Remuneration Committee since March 31, 2016. Had a professional career at IBM holding various senior posts at a national and international level including Vice President for Sales at IBM Europe, Vice President of Technology & Systems Group at IBM Europe and Vice President of the Finance Services Sector at GMU (Growth Markets Units) in China. He was executive President of IBM Spain.
Susana Rodríguez Vidarte(1)(3)(5)    1955    External Director    May 28, 2002    March 17, 2017    Professor of Strategy at the Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences at Universidad de Deusto. Doctor in Economic and Business Sciences from Universidad de Deusto.

 

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Name

   Birth Year   

Current

Position

  

Date Nominated

  

Date Re-elected

  

Present Principal Outside Occupation

and Employment History(*)

James Andrew Stott (4) (5) (6)    1953    Independent Director    March 11, 2016    Not applicable    Chairman of the Risk Committee since March 31, 2016. Chairman of the Innovation Board, Business Innovation Consulting Group from 2011 to 2015. Independent director and member of the Audit Committee of Catenon from 2011 to 2015. Independent director and Chairman of the Risks and Audit Committee of Barclays Bank España from 2011 to 2014. Partner and General Manager, and other senior posts at Oliver Wyman Financial Services from 1994 to 2010.

 

(*) Where no date is provided, the position is currently held.
(1) Member of the Executive Committee.
(2) Member of the Audit and Compliance Committee.
(3) Member of the Appointments Committee.
(4) Member of the Remuneration Committee.
(5) Member of the Risk Committee.
(6) Member of the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee.
(7) Lead Director.

 

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Senior Management

Our senior managers were each appointed for an indefinite term. Their positions as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 20-F are as follows:

 

Name(*)

  

Current Position

  

Present Principal Outside Occupation and Employment
History(**)

Francisco González Rodríguez    Group Executive Chairman    Executive Chairman of BBVA since January 2000; Director of Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. and BBVA Bancomer S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer.
Carlos Torres Vila    Chief Executive Officer   

Chief Executive Officer of BBVA since May 2015. Chairman of the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee. Director of Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. and BBVA Bancomer S.A., Institución de Banca Múltiple, Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer.

He started at BBVA on September 2008 holding senior management posts such as Head of Digital Banking from March 2014 to May 2015 and BBVA Strategy & Corporate Development Director from January 2009 to March 2014.

José Manuel González-Páramo Martínez-Murillo    Head of Global Economics, Regulation & Public Affairs    Executive Director of BBVA since May 29, 2013, and Head of BBVA’s Global Economics, Regulation and Public Affairs. Member of the ECB’s Governing Council and Executive Committee from 2004 to 2012. Chairman of European DataWarehouse GmbH.
Eduardo Arbizu Lostao    Head of Legal & Compliance    Head of Legal department of BBVA since 2002; Managing Director of Barclays Retail Operations in Continental Europe (France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece) from 1997 to 2002.
Domingo Armengol Calvo    General Secretary    General Secretary of BBVA since 2009. Deputy Secretary of the Board from 2005 to 2009 and Head of the Institutional Legal Department of BBVA from 2000 to 2005.
Juan Asúa Madariaga    Head of Corporate & Investment Banking    Head of Corporate & Investment Banking in BBVA. Head of Spain and Portugal in BBVA from 2007 to 2012. Head of Corporate and Middle cap companies of Spain and Portugal in BBVA from 2006 to 2007.
Ricardo Forcano García    Head of Talent & Culture    Head of Talent & Culture since July 2016. Previously, he held other posts at BBVA such as Head of Business Development Growth Markets from 2015 to 2016 and Head of New Business Models from 2011 to 2012. Prior to joining BBVA he was Deputy Director of Corporate Strategy of Endesa from 2003 to 2007.
Ricardo Gómez Barredo    Head of Accounting & Supervisors    Head of Accounting & Supervisors since July 2016. Head of Global Accounting and Information Management from 2011 to 2016 and Head of Financial Planning Management Control of BBVA’s Group from 2006 to 2011.
Ricardo Enrique Moreno García    Head of Engineering    Head of Engineering since May 2015. Previously he was country manager of BBVA in Argentina.

 

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Name(*)

  

Current Position

  

Present Principal Outside Occupation and Employment
History(**)

Eduardo Osuna Osuna    Mexico Country Manager    Mexico Country Manager since May 2015 and General Manager of BBVA Bancomer. Previously he was Head of Institutional Banking of BBVA Bancomer.
Cristina de Parias Halcón    Spain Country Manager    Spain Country Manager since March 2014. Head of the Central Area in Spain from 2011 to 2014. She joined BBVA in 1998 and has held positions in digital business development, payment systems, Uno-e and consumer finance from 1998 to 2011.
Francisco Javier Rodríguez Soler    Head of Strategy & M&A    Head of Strategy & M&A since May 2015. Prior to this post, he was Head of M&A and Corporate Development of BBVA from 2010 to 2015. Prior to joining BBVA in 2008, he was Head of Strategy and M&A of Endesa.
Jaime Sáenz de Tejada Pulido    Head of Finance    Head of Finance since March 2014. Head of Spain and Portugal from 2012 to 2014. Business Development Manager of Spain and Portugal at BBVA from 2010 to 2012. Central Area Manager of Madrid and Castilla La Mancha from 2007 to 2010.
Jorge Sáenz-Azcúnaga Carranza    Head of Country Monitoring    Head of Country Monitoring since July 2016. He joined BBVA in 1993 and he has held various senior posts such as Head of CEO Office from 2002 to 2005, Head of Strategy and Planning, Spain & Portugal from 2008 to 2013 and Country Networks—Head of Business Monitoring Spain, USA and Turkey from 2015 to 2016.
José Luis de los Santos Tejero    Head of Internal Audit    Head of Internal Audit since February 2002, and senior manager since May 2015. From October 1999 until December 2001 he was Deputy Director of Internal Audit and Director of Methodology and Specialized Areas. Between June 1998 and October 1999 he was Director of Internal Audit of the Argentaria Group.
Rafael Salinas Martínez de Lecea    Head of Global Risk Management    Head of Global Risk Management since May 2015. Prior to this post, he was Head of Risk Management at Corporate and Investment Banking with global responsibilities for large corporates’ credit portfolio and markets and counterparty risks.
Derek Jensen White    Head of Customer Solutions    Head of Customer Solutions since May 2016. Prior to joining BBVA he held various senior posts at Barclays such as Chief Customer Experience Officer, Global Retail & Business Banking from 2011 to 2013 and Chief Design & Digital Officer from 2013 to 2016.

 

(*) On March 29, 2017, David Puente Vicente was appointed to act as Head of Data and senior manager of BBVA. In accordance with applicable law, Mr. Puente will start performing the functions corresponding to such position once he receives the relevant suitability authorization from the European Central Bank.
(**) Where no date is provided, positions are currently held.

B. Compensation

The provisions of BBVA’s Bylaws that relate to compensation of directors are in accordance with the relevant provisions of Spanish law. Furthermore, BBVA has a remuneration policy for BBVA directors (the “Directors’ Remuneration Policy”) which is aligned with the specific regulations applicable to credit institutions and the best practices on the market.

 

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Directors’ Remuneration Policy

The Directors’ Remuneration Policy for 2015, 2016 and 2017 was approved by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 13, 2015, by a majority of 95.41%. This policy is available at our website (www.bbva.com).

BBVA has defined its Directors’ Remuneration Policy on the basis of the general principles of BBVA Group’s remuneration policy, additionally taking into consideration the necessary compliance with legal requirements applicable to credit institutions and the alignment with best practices on the market, having incorporated elements aimed at reducing exposure to excessive risks and adjusting remuneration to the targets, values and long-term interests of the Bank.

Pursuant to this Directors’ Remuneration Policy, the system of variable remuneration for executive directors is based on a sole incentive that is assigned annually, yet combining indicators that are assessed annually with multi-year (long-term) indicators, the combination of which seeks to allow effective alignment of the remuneration of executive directors with the long-term interests of BBVA and its stakeholders.

For years 2017, 2018 y 2019, a new Directors’ Remuneration Policy has been approved by the general shareholders’ meeting, held on March 17, 2017 introducing certain changes primarily to the system of variable remuneration for executive directors. The main features of the new policy are the following:

 

    The deferred component of variable remuneration for executive directors has been increased to 60% of variable remuneration. Likewise, the deferral period has been increased from three to five years.

 

    The new Remuneration Policy includes an increase from 50% to 60% in the share-based component of deferred variable remuneration.

 

    New malus and clawback arrangements to variable remuneration have been included (and are summarized hereunder) for the forfeiture and clawback of variable remuneration of executive directors, in line with the criteria set forth in new regulations.

 

    The Chief Executive Officer’s previous defined-benefit pension scheme has been transformed into a defined-contribution scheme.

 

    As required by new regulations, 15% of the annual contributions agreed to executive directors’ and senior manager’s pension schemes are now considered “discretionary pension benefits”.

 

    Contractual conditions applicable to payments for termination of contracts have been modified. The possibility for the Chief Executive Officer to receive his retirement pension in advance has been eliminated, as has the Head of GERPA’s severance payment entitlement. Both directors are now subject to a post-contractual non-compete agreement of two years duration and amounting to two times their annual fixed remuneration.

 

    Executive directors shall not be allowed to use personal hedging strategies or insurance in connection with remuneration and responsibility that may undermine the effects of alignment with sound risk management. Additionally, under the new Remuneration Policy, only deferred portions in cash of variable remuneration shall be subject to updating.

 

    The new Remuneration Policy includes a commitment for executive directors not to transfer a number of shares equivalent to twice their annual fixed remuneration for a period of, at least, three years from the time of their vesting. The general one-year retention period applicable to all shares vested as variable remuneration is however maintained. The aforementioned holding periods shall not apply to the transfer of those shares required to honor the payment of taxes.

 

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    The new Remuneration Policy envisages a clearer allocation between fixed and variable components of remuneration, as well as criteria to determine these components. A change in the balance between the fixed and variable components of remuneration has been established, to better align it with applicable regulations, providing more flexibility to variable remuneration with respect to fixed remuneration. Said change in no case entails an increase in the total remuneration of beneficiaries.

 

    The variable component of the remuneration of executive directors for a financial year shall continue to be limited to a maximum amount of 100% of the fixed component of total remuneration, unless the general shareholders’ meeting resolves to increase this percentage up to 200%.

The changes envisaged in the new Directors’ Remuneration Policy are framed within the modification of the remuneration policy for those categories of staff whose professional activities have a significant impact on the Group’s risk profile, among which BBVA’s executive directors and senior management are included (jointly referred to as the “Identified Staff”), which has been approved by the Board of Directors, at the proposal of the Remuneration Committee.

As regards malus and clawback arrangements, the new Directors’ Remuneration Policy prescribes: that up to 100% of the annual variable remuneration of each Identified Staff member corresponding to each financial year shall be subject to malus and clawback arrangements, both linked to a downturn in financial performance of the Bank as a whole, or of a specific unit or area, or of exposures generated by an Identified Staff member, when such downturn in financial performance arises from any of the following circumstances:

a)    misconduct, fraud or serious infringement of the Code of Conduct and other applicable internal rules by an Identified Staff member;

b)    regulatory sanctions or judicial convictions due to events that could be attributed to a specific unit or to the staff responsible for such events;

c)    significant failure of risk management committed by the Bank or by a business or risk control unit, to which the willful misconduct or gross negligence of an Identified Staff member was a contributing factor; or

d)    restatement of the Bank’s annual accounts, except where such restatement is due to a change in applicable accounting legislation.

For these purposes, the Bank will compare the performance assessment carried out for the Identified Staff member with the ex post behavior of some of the criteria that contributed to achieve the targets. Both malus and clawback will apply to the annual variable remuneration of the financial year in which the event giving rise to application of the arrangement occurred, and they shall be in force during the entire period of deferral and retention applicable to the annual variable remuneration.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that these scenarios give rise to a dismissal or termination of contract of the Identified Staff member due to serious and guilty breach of duties, malus arrangements may apply to the entire deferred annual variable remuneration pending payment at the date of the dismissal or termination of contract, in light of the extent of the damage caused.

In any case, the variable remuneration is paid or vests only if it is sustainable according to the Group’s situation as a whole, and justified on the basis of the performance of the Bank, the business unit and of the Identified Staff member concerned.

 

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Malus and clawback arrangements will be applicable to the annual variable remuneration awarded as of the year 2016, inclusive.

The full text of the Directors’ Remuneration Policy approved by the general shareholders’ meeting is available at the Bank’s website (www.bbva.com).

Remuneration for non-executive directors received in 2016

The remuneration paid to the non-executive members of the Board of Directors during 2016 is indicated below in thousands of euros. The figures are given individually for each non-executive director and itemized:

 

     Board of
Directors
     Executive
Committee
     Audit and
Compliance
Committee
     Risk
Committee
     Remuneration
Committee
     Appointments
Committee
     Technology and
Cybersecurity
Committee
     Total  

Tomás Alfaro Drake

     129        —          71        —          11        102        25        338  

José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

     129        —          179        107        —          31        —          445  

José Antonio Fernández Rivero

     129        125        —          53        32        10        —          350  

Belén Garijo López

     129        —          71        —          32        —          —          232  

Sunir Kumar Kapoor (1)

     107        —          —          —          —          —          25        132  

Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

     129        125        18        80        27        —          —          379  

Lourdes Máiz Carro

     129        —          71        —          —          31        —          231  

José Maldonado Ramos

     129        167        —          —          —          41        —          336  

José Luis Palao García-Suelto

     129        —          —          107        32        10        —          278  

Juan Pi Llorens

     129        —          54        27        91        —          25        325  

Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

     129        167        —          107        —          41        —          443  

James Andrew Stott (2)

     107        —          —          160        32        —          25        325  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total (3)

     1,502        584        464        642        257        265        100        3,813  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Sunir Kumar Kapoor was appointed director by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 11, 2016.
(2) James Andrew Stott was appointed director by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 11, 2016.
(3) Includes the amounts received as members of the different Committees during 2016. The composition of the Committees was changed in March 31, 2016.

In addition, Ramón Bustamante y de la Mora and Ignacio Ferrero Jordi, who ceased as directors on March 11, 2016, received in 2016 the total amount of €70 thousand and €85 thousand, respectively, as members of the Board of Directors and certain Board Committees.

Moreover, during 2016, €132 thousand was paid in healthcare and casualty insurance premiums for non-executive directors.

Remuneration for executive directors received in 2016

The remuneration scheme for executive directors is in line with the general model applied to BBVA’s Senior Management. This comprises a fixed remuneration and a variable remuneration, which is based on a single incentive (hereinafter, the “Annual Variable Remuneration”).

During 2016, executive directors were paid the amount of fixed remuneration corresponding to that year and the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to 2015, which was paid during the first quarter of 2016, according to the settlement and payment system set out in the applicable Directors’ Remuneration Policy, as approved by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 13, 2015, which provides the following:

 

    Subject to the conditions set forth below, 50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration is paid in cash and the remaining 50% is paid in BBVA shares.

 

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    50% of such cash amount and shares, respectively, is deferred in its entirety for a three-year period, with cliff vesting at the end of such period, and its accrual and vesting is subject to compliance with a series of multi-year indicators.

 

    Any shares that are vested as part of the Annual Variable Remuneration are subject to a one-year retention period as from their respective vesting, except with respect to an amount of shares which sale would allow for the payment of any tax accruing on the shares received.

 

    No hedging strategies may be carried out on the locked-up shares or on the shares pending to be received.

 

    Circumstances have been established in which the unvested deferred portion of the Annual Variable Remuneration may be subject to forfeiture (malus clauses).

 

    The deferred portion of the Annual Variable Remuneration shall be updated under the terms established by the Board of Directors.

In addition, in the first quarter of 2016, executive directors received the relevant deferred portions of the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to 2014, 2013 and 2012, which were vested in application of the settlement and payment system for the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to such years, under the applicable policy for such years.

The remuneration paid to executive directors during 2016 is indicated below in thousands of euros, for cash amounts, and number of shares, for share amounts. The figures are given individually for each executive director and itemized:

 

     Fixed
Remuneration
in Cash
     2015 Annual
Variable
Remuneration
in Cash (1)
     Deferred
Variable
Remuneration
in Cash (2)
     Total
Cash
     2015 Annual
Variable
Remuneration
in BBVA
Shares (1)
     Deferred
Variable
Remuneration
in BBVA
Shares (2)
     Total
Shares
 

Group Executive Chairman

     1,966        897        893        3,756        135,300        103,112        238,412  

CEO (*)

     1,923        530        240        2,693        79,956        27,823        107,779  

Head of Global Economics, Regulation & Public Affairs (“Head of GERPA”)

     800        98        47        945        14,815        5,449        20,264  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     4,689        1,526        1,180        7,394        230,071        136,384        366,455  

 

(*) The variable remuneration paid to the CEO includes the remuneration accrued as Digital Banking Officer during the period in which he held this position in 2015 (four months).
(1) Amounts corresponding to 50% of 2015 Annual Variable Remuneration.
(2) Amounts corresponding to the sum of the deferred portions of the Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014, 2013 and 2012), and their respective adjustments in cash for updating their value, payment or delivery of which was made in 2016, in application of the settlement and payment system, as broken down below:

 

    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2014— The executive directors received the amount corresponding to the first third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2014, both in cash and shares: €302 thousand and 37,392 BBVA shares for the Group Executive Chairman; €95 thousand and 11,766 BBVA shares for the CEO; and €30 thousand and 3,681 BBVA shares for the Head of GERPA.

 

    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2013—The executive directors received the amount corresponding to the second third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2013, both in cash and shares: €289 thousand and 29,557 BBVA shares for the Group Executive Chairman; €78 thousand and 7,937 BBVA shares for the CEO; and €17 thousand and 1,768 BBVA shares for the Head of GERPA.

 

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    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2012— The Group Executive Chairman and the CEO received the amount corresponding to the final third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2012, both in cash and shares: €301 thousand and 36,163 BBVA shares for the Group Executive Chairman; and €68 thousand and 8,120 BBVA shares for the CEO.

In application of the settlement and payment system of Annual Variable Remuneration for the years 2013 and 2014, during the first quarter of each of the next two years, the executive directors will receive the deferred portions of the Annual Variable Remuneration from such years (2014 and 2013), as applicable, and subject to the relevant conditions, while 50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to the year 2015 will vest, subject to the terms and conditions described above, in 2019.

During 2016, executive directors received payment in kind, including insurance premiums, and others, for a total amount of €240 thousand, of which €17 thousand corresponded to the Group Executive Chairman; €139 thousand to the CEO; and €84 thousand to the Head of GERPA.

Annual Variable Remuneration for executive directors for year 2016

Following year-end 2016, the Annual Variable Remuneration for executive directors corresponding to that year was determined based on the conditions established for that purpose at its beginning, as set forth in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy approved by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 13, 2015. Consequently, during the first quarter of 2017, executive directors received 50% of the 2016 Annual Variable Remuneration, in equal parts in cash and in shares, i.e., €734 thousand and 114,204 BBVA shares for the Group Executive Chairman; €591 thousand and 91,915 BBVA shares for the CEO; and €89 thousand and 13,768 BBVA shares for the Head of GERPA.

The payment of the remaining 50%, in cash and in shares, has been deferred for a three-year period, and its accrual and vesting will be subject to compliance with multi-year indicators established by the Board of Directors at the beginning of each year. Based on the result of each multi-year indicator during the deferred period and applying the relevant performance scales and weightings, the final amount of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration will be determined after the end of the three-year deferral period. The deferred Annual Variable Remuneration may be reduced and may even reach zero, but in no event may be increased, as a result of these adjustments. The maximum amounts that could be received during the first quarter of 2020 corresponding to the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2016 are: €734 thousand and 114,204 BBVA shares for the Group Executive Chairman; €591 thousand and 91,915 BBVA shares for the CEO; and €89 thousand and 13,768 BBVA shares for the Head of GERPA; in each case subject to the settlement and payment system established in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy applicable to 2016 Annual Variable Remuneration.

Remuneration for Senior Management received in 2016

During 2016, the remuneration paid to the members of the BBVA Senior Management as a whole, excluding the executive directors, is indicated below in thousands of euros for cash amounts and number of shares for shares amounts.

 

    Fixed
Remuneration
in Cash
    2015 Annual
Variable
Remuneration
in Cash (1)
    Deferred
Variable
Remuneration
in Cash (2)
    Total
Cash
    2015 Annual
Variable
Remuneration
in BBVA
Shares (1)
    Deferred
Variable
Remuneration
in BBVA
Shares (2)
    Total
Shares
 

Total Members of the Senior Management (*)

    11,115       2,457       1,343       14,915       370,505       155,746       526,251  

 

(*) Includes aggregate information regarding the members of the BBVA Group Senior Management, excluding executive directors, who were members of the Senior Management at December 31, 2016 (14 members).
(1) Amounts corresponding to 50% of 2015 Annual Variable Remuneration.
(2) Amounts corresponding to the sum of the deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014, 2013 and 2012) and their corresponding adjustments in cash for updating their value, payment or delivery of which was made in 2016 to the members of the Senior Management who had accrued this right, as broken down below:

 

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    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2014— The relevant members of the BBVA Group Senior Management, excluding executive directors, received the amount corresponding to the first third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2014, with an aggregate amount of €515 thousand and 63,862 BBVA shares.

 

    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2013— The relevant members of the BBVA Group Senior Management, excluding executive directors, received the amount corresponding to the second third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2013, with an aggregate amount of €434 thousand and 44,426 BBVA shares.

 

    Annual Variable Remuneration for 2012— The relevant members of the BBVA Group Senior Management, excluding executive directors, received the amount corresponding to the final third of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for 2012: the aggregate amount of €395 thousand and 47,458 BBVA shares.

During the first quarter of each of the next two years, members of the Senior Management will receive the amounts that correspond to them under the settlement and payment system of the variable remuneration applicable to each such member, stemming from the settlement of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration for previous years (2014 and 2013) and subject to the conditions established therein, while 50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to the year 2015 will vest, subject to the terms and conditions previously described for executive directors, in 2019.

Additionally, in 2016, members of the Senior Management, excluding executive directors, received remuneration in kind (including insurance premiums and others) in an aggregate amount of €664 thousand.

System of remuneration in shares with deferred delivery for non-executive directors

BBVA has a remuneration system in shares with deferred delivery for its non-executive directors, which was originally approved by the general shareholders’ meeting held on March 18, 2006 and extended under the general shareholders’ meeting resolutions dated on March 11, 2011 and March 11, 2016, for a further five-year period in each case.

This system consists in the annual allocation of a number of “theoretical shares” to the non-executive directors, equivalent to 20% of the total cash remuneration received by each of them in the previous year, according to the closing prices of BBVA shares during the sixty trading sessions prior to the dates of the annual general shareholders’ meetings approving the corresponding financial statements for each year.

The shares, where applicable, will be delivered to each beneficiary on the date such beneficiary leaves directorship on any grounds other than serious dereliction of duty.

The number of “theoretical shares” allocated in 2016 to each non-executive director, as beneficiary of the system of remuneration in shares with deferred delivery, corresponding to 20% of the total cash remuneration received by said beneficiaries in 2015, was as follows:

 

    

Theoretical shares
allocated in

2016

    

Theoretical shares

accumulated as of

December 31,
2016

 

Tomás Alfaro Drake

     11,363        62,452  

José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

     9,808        9,808  

José Antonio Fernández Rivero

     12,633        91,046  

Belén Garijo López

     6,597        19,463  

Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

     10,127        74,970  

Lourdes Máiz Carro

     5,812        8,443  

José Maldonado Ramos

     11,669        57,233  

José Luis Palao García-Suelto

     11,070        51,385  

Juan Pi Llorens

     9,179        32,374  

Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

     14,605        78,606  

Total (1)

     102,863        485,780  

 

(1)  In addition, in 2016, Ramón Bustamante y de la Mora and Ignacio Ferrero Jordi, who ceased as directors on March 11, 2016, were allocated 8,709 and 11,151 theoretical shares, respectively.

 

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Pension commitments

The commitments undertaken regarding pension benefits for the Chief Executive Officer and the Head of GERPA, pursuant to BBVA’s Bylaws and their respective contracts with the Bank, include a pension system covering retirement, disability and death.

Up until December 31, 2016, the Chief Executive Officer’s contractual conditions determined that he would retain the defined-benefit pension system to which he was entitled previously as senior manager in the Group, with the benefits and the provisions being adjusted to the remuneration conditions derived from his position as Chief Executive Officer.

As regards the Head of GERPA, up until December 31, 2016, he retained the same pension system he had had since his appointment as executive director in 2013, which comprised a defined-contributions system amounting to 20% of his annual fixed remuneration to cover retirement commitments and provisions covering death and disability.

As a result of the aforementioned pension commitments in place, the provisions recorded as of December 31, 2016 to cover pension commitments undertaken for the Chief Executive Officer amounted to €16,051 thousand, of which, during 2016 and according to applicable accounting regulations, €2,342 thousand were provisioned against earnings of the year and €836 thousand against equity, in order to adapt to the interest rate assumption used for the valuation of pension commitments in Spain. In the case of the Head of GERPA, the provisions recorded as of December 31, 2016 amounted to €609 thousand, of which €310 were provisioned against earnings of the year. In both cases, these amounts include the provisions covering retirement, as well as death and disability.

There were no other pension obligations in favor of other executive directors.

The provisions recorded as of December 31, 2016 for pension commitments relating to members of the Senior Management, excluding executive directors, amounted to €46,299 thousand, of which, during 2016 and according to applicable accounting regulations, €4,895 thousand were provisioned against earnings of the year and €2,226 thousand against equity, in order to adapt to the interest rate assumption used for the valuation of pension commitments in Spain. These amounts include the provisions covering retirement, as well as death and disability.

As a result of the entry into force of Circular 2/2016, of the Bank of Spain for credit institutions, 15% of the annual contributions agreed to pension plans of executive directors and members of BBVA’s Senior Management will be considered discretionary pension benefits. As a result, such portion will be treated as deferred variable remuneration, delivered in BBVA shares and subject to retention and clawback conditions as determined in applicable regulations, as well as to those conditions of variable remuneration applicable under the new Remuneration Policy.

Additionally, and as a result of the newly approved Directors’ Remuneration Policy, amendments have been introduced in the contractual framework of the Chief Executive Officer and the Head of GERPA.

 

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As regards the Chief Executive Officer, his pension scheme has been transformed from a defined-benefit system to a defined-contribution system, with the following main features:

 

  a) Retirement benefits:

 

    Entitlement to a retirement benefit, when he reaches the legal retirement age, which shall be the amount arising from the annual contributions made by the Bank and applicable yields at that date.

 

    Annual contributions amount €1,642 thousand (subject to update to the same extent as the Annual Fixed Remuneration), determined on the basis of the benefit committed under the previous defined-benefit scheme and taking into consideration the provision made by the Bank to date to cover such commitment.

 

    Entitlement to receive the benefit, upon reaching the age of retirement provided he does not leave his position as Chief Executive Officer due to serious breach of duties. The amount of the benefit shall be the contributions made by the Bank to that date under such terms.

 

    Application of rules on discretionary pension benefits to 15% of the annual contribution.

 

  b) Death: entitlement to an annual widow’s pension, as well as an orphan’s pension for each child until they reach the age of 25, of an amount equivalent to 70% and 25% (40% in the event of total orphanhood), respectively, of the annual fixed remuneration.

 

  c) Disability: entitlement to an annual pension in an amount equivalent to the annual fixed remuneration, which would revert to his spouse and children in the event of death in the percentages described above.

As regards the Head of GERPA, the following amendments have been introduced:

 

  a) Retirement benefits included in the defined-contribution scheme:

 

    Defined-contribution of 30% of annual fixed remuneration.

 

    Application of rules on discretionary pension benefits to 15% of the annual contribution.

Extinction of contractual relationship

The Bank does not have any commitments to pay severance indemnity to executive directors.

As a result of the new contractual framework envisaged in the Directors’ Remuneration Policy approved by the annual general shareholders’ meeting held on March 17, 2017, payments for the extinction of contractual relationships of the Chief Executive Officer and the Head of GERPA have been amended for 2017 onwards. In this sense, the possibility for the Chief Executive Officer to receive his retirement pension in advance has been eliminated, as has the Head of GERPA’s severance payment entitlement. The new contractual framework for both directors now includes a post-contractual non-compete agreement for a period of two years after they cease as BBVA executive directors, in accordance to which they shall receive remuneration in an amount equivalent to two times their annual fixed remuneration, paid over the course of the two-year period of non-competition, provided that leave of directorship is not due to death, retirement, disability or serious breach of duties.

 

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C. Board Practices

Committees

Our corporate governance system is based on the distribution of functions between the Board, the Executive Committee and the other specialized Board Committees, namely: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Appointments Committee; the Remuneration Committee; the Risk Committee; and the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee.

Executive Committee

Our Board of Directors is assisted in fulfilling its responsibilities by the Executive Committee (Comisión Delegada Permanente) of the Board of Directors.

As of the date of this Annual Report, BBVA’s Executive Committee is comprised of two executive directors and four non-executive directors, as follows:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. Francisco González Rodríguez

Members

  

Mr. Carlos Torres Vila

Mr. José Antonio Fernández Rivero

Mr. Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

Mr. José Maldonado Ramos

Mrs. Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

According to our Board Regulations, the Executive Committee will be apprised of such business as the Board of Directors resolves to confer on it, in accordance with prevailing legislation, our Bylaws or our Board Regulations.

The Executive Committee shall meet on the dates indicated in the annual calendar of scheduled meetings and when the chairman or acting chairman so decides. During 2016, the Executive Committee met seventeen (17) times.

Audit and Compliance Committee

This committee shall perform the duties required under applicable laws, regulations and our Bylaws. Essentially, its mission is to assist the Board in overseeing the financial information and the exercise of the Group control duties.

The Board Regulations establish that the Audit and Compliance Committee shall have a minimum of four members, one of which shall be appointed by the Board taking into account his/her knowledge and background in accounting, auditing or both. In accordance with the Board Regulation, they shall all be independent directors, one of whom shall act as Chairman, also appointed by the Board. See “Item 16.A. Audit Committee Financial Expert”.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the Audit and Compliance Committee members are:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

Members

  

Mr. Tomás Alfaro Drake

Mrs. Belén Garijo López

Mrs. Lourdes Máiz Carro

Mr. Juan Pi Llorens

Under the Board Regulations and the charter of the Audit and Compliance Committee, the scope of its functions is as follows (for purposes of the below, “entity” refers to BBVA):

 

    report to the general shareholders’ meeting on questions raised with respect to those matters falling within the Committee’s competence and, in particular, on the result of the audit explaining how it has contributed to the completeness of the financial information and the function performed by the Committee in this process;

 

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    oversee the efficacy of the internal control of the Company, the internal audit and the risk-management systems in the process of drawing up and reporting the regulatory financial information, including tax risks. Also to discuss with the financial auditor any significant weaknesses in the internal control system detected when the audit is conducted without undermining its independence. For such purposes, and where appropriate, the Committee may submit recommendations or proposals to the Board of Directors, and the corresponding period for monitoring;

 

    oversee the process of drawing up and reporting financial information and submit recommendations or proposals to the Board of Directors aimed at safeguarding its completeness;

 

    submit to the Board of Directors proposals on the selection, appointment, re-election and replacement of the external auditor, taking responsibility for the selection process in accordance with applicable regulations, as well as their contractual conditions, and regularly collect information from the external auditor regarding the audit plan and its implementation, as well as preserving the auditor’s independence in the performance of their duties;

 

    establish correct relations with the external auditor in order to receive information on any matters that may jeopardize their independence, for examination by the Committee, and any others relating to the process of the financial auditing; as well as those other communications provided for by law and by the auditing regulations. Each year it must unfailingly receive the external auditors’ declaration of their independence with regard to the Company or entities directly or indirectly related to it, as well as detailed and individualized information on additional services provided of any kind and the corresponding fees received by the external auditor or by persons or entities linked to them as provided for under the legislation on financial auditing;

 

    each year before the external financial auditor issues their report on the financial statements, to issue a report expressing an opinion on whether the independence of the external financial auditor has been compromised. This report must unfailingly contain the reasoned valuation of the provision of each of the additional services referred to in the previous subsection, considered individually and as a whole, other than the legally-required audit and with respect to the regime of independence or to the standards regulating the audit activity;

 

    report, prior to the Board of Directors adopting resolutions, on all those matters established by law, by our Bylaws and by the Board Regulations, and in particular on:

 

    the financial information that the Company must periodically publish;

 

    the creation or acquisition of a holding in special-purpose entities or entities domiciled in countries or territories considered tax havens; and

 

    related-party transactions;

 

    oversee compliance with applicable domestic and international regulations on matters related to money laundering, conduct on the securities markets, data protection and the scope of Group activities with respect to anti-trust regulations. Also to ensure that any requests for action or information made by official authorities with competence in these matters are dealt with in due time and in due form;

 

    ensure that the codes of ethics and of internal conduct on the securities market, as they apply to Group personnel, comply with regulatory requirements and are adequate;

 

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    especially to oversee compliance with the provisions applicable to directors contained in the Board Regulations, as well as their compliance with the applicable standards of conduct on the securities markets;

 

    any other duties that may have been allocated under the Board Regulations or attributed to the Committee by a Board of Directors resolution; and

 

    the Committee shall also monitor the independence of external auditors. This entails the following two duties:

 

    preventing any influence over the auditor’s warnings, opinions or recommendations. To this end, ensure that compensation for the auditor’s work does not compromise either its quality or independence, in compliance with current legislation on auditing at all times; and

 

    stipulating as incompatible the provision of audit and consulting services unless they are works required by supervisors or whose provision by the auditor is allowed by applicable legislation, and there are not available in the market alternatives as regards content, quality or efficiency of equal value to those which the auditor could provide; in this case approval by the Committee shall be required, but this decision can be delegated in advance to its Chairman. The auditor shall be prohibited from providing prohibited services outside the audit, in compliance with what is set out at all times by audit legislation.

The Committee leads the selection process of the external auditor for the Bank and its Group. It must verify that the audit schedule is being carried out under the service agreement and that it satisfies the requirements of the competent authorities and the Bank’s governing bodies. The Committee will also require the auditors, at least once each year, to assess the quality of the Group’s internal oversight procedures.

The Audit and Compliance Committee meets as often as necessary to comply with its functions, although an annual calendar of meetings will be drawn up in accordance with its duties. During 2016, the Audit and Compliance Committee met twelve (12) times.

Executives heading areas that manage matters within the scope of its competence, especially the Accounting, Internal Audit and Compliance departments, may be called to attend the Audit and Compliance Committee’s meetings and, at the request of these executives, other staff from these departments who have particular knowledge or responsibility in the matters contained in the agenda, when their presence at the meeting is deemed advisable. However, only the Committee members and the secretary will be present when the results and conclusions of the meeting are assessed.

The Committee may engage external advisory services for relevant issues when it considers that these cannot be properly provided by experts or technical staff within the Group on grounds of specialization or independence.

Likewise, the Committee may call on the personal cooperation and reports of any employee or member of the management team when it considers it necessary to comply with its functions in relevant issues.

The Committee has its own specific regulations, approved by the Board of Directors. These are available on our website and, amongst other things, regulate its operation.

Appointments Committee

The Appointments Committee is tasked with assisting the Board on issues related to the selection and appointment of Board members and other matters contained in the Board Regulations.

In compliance with the Board Regulations, this Committee shall comprise a minimum of three members who must be non-executive directors appointed by the Board of Directors, which will also appoint its Chairman. The Chairman and the majority of its members must be independent directors.

 

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As of the date of this Annual Report, the members of the Appointments Committee are:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. Tomás Alfaro Drake

Members

  

Mr. José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

Mrs. Lourdes Máiz Carro

Mr. José Maldonado Ramos

Mrs. Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

The duties of the Appointments Committee under the Board Regulations are as follows:

 

    submit proposals to the Board of Directors on the appointment, reelection or separation of independent directors and report on proposals for the appointment, re-election or separation of the other directors.

To such end, the Committee will evaluate the balance of skills, knowledge and expertise on the Board of Directors, as well as the conditions that candidates should display to fill the vacancies arising, assessing the dedication necessary to be able to suitably perform their duties in view of the needs that the Company’s governing bodies may have at any time.

The Committee will ensure that when filling new vacancies, the selection procedures are not marred by implicit biases that may entail any discrimination and in particular discrimination that may hinder the selection of female directors, trying to ensure that women who display the professional profile being sought are included on the shortlists.

Likewise, when drawing up proposals within its scope of competence for the appointment of directors the Committee will take into account in case they may be considered suitable, any applications that may be made by any member of the Board of Directors for potential candidates to fill the vacancies;

 

    submit proposals to the Board of Directors for policies on the selection and diversity of members of the Board of Directors;

 

    establish a target for representation of the underrepresented gender in the Board of Directors and draw up guidelines on how to reach that target;

 

    analyze the structure, size and composition of the Board of Directors, at least once a year when carrying out its operational assessment;

 

    analyze the suitability of the various members of the Board of Directors;

 

    perform an annual review of the status of each director, so that this may be reflected in the annual corporate governance report;

 

    report the proposals for the appointment of the Chairman and the Secretary and, where applicable, the Deputy Chairman and the Deputy Secretary;

 

    report on the performance of the duties of the Chairman of the Board, for the purposes of the periodic assessment by the Board of Directors, under the terms established in the Board Regulations;

 

    examine and organize the succession of the Chairman in conjuction with the Lead Director and, as applicable, file proposals with the Board of Directors so that the succession takes place in a planned and orderly manner;

 

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    review the Board of Directors’ policy on the selection and appointment of members of senior management, and file recommendations with the Board when applicable;

 

    report on proposals for appointment and separation of senior managers; and

 

    any other duties that may have been allocated under the Board Regulations or attributed to the Committee by a Board of Directors resolution or by applicable legislation.

In the performance of its duties, the Appointments Committee will consult with the Chairman of the Board via the Committee chair, especially with respect to matters related to executive directors and senior managers.

In accordance with our Board Regulations, the Committee may request the attendance at its sessions of persons with tasks in the Group that are related to the Committee’s duties. It may also obtain such advice as may be necessary to establish an informed opinion on matters related to its business.

The chair of the Appointments Committee will convene it as often as necessary to perform its functions. During 2016, the Appointments Committee met eight (8) times.

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee’s essential function is to assist the Board of Directors in matters relating to the remuneration policy for directors, senior managers and employees whose professional activities have a material impact on the Company’s risk profile. It seeks to ensure that the remuneration policy established by the Company is duly observed.

Under the Board Regulations, the Committee will comprise a minimum of three members who must be non-executive directors appointed by the Board, which will also appoint its Chairman. The Chairman and the majority of its members must be independent directors.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the members of the Remuneration Committee are:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. Juan Pi Llorens

Members

  

Mr. José Antonio Fernández Rivero

Mrs. Belén Garijo López

Mr. James Andrew Stott

In accordance with the Board Regulations, the scope of the functions of the Remuneration Committee is as follows:

 

    propose to the Board of Directors, for its submission to the shareholders’ general meeting, the directors’ remuneration policy, with respect to its items, amounts, and parameters for its determination and its vesting. Also to submit the corresponding report, in the terms established by applicable law at any time;

 

    determine the extent and amount of the individual remunerations, entitlements and other economic compensations and other contractual conditions for the executive directors, so that these can be reflected in their contracts. The Committee’s proposals on such matters will be submitted to the Board of Directors;

 

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    propose the annual report on the remuneration of the Bank’s directors to the Board of Directors each year, which will then be submitted to the annual shareholders’ general meeting, in compliance with the applicable legislation;

 

    propose the remuneration policy to the Board of Directors for senior managers and employees whose professional activities have a significant impact on the Company’s risk profile;

 

    propose the basic conditions of the senior management contracts to the Board of Directors, and directly supervise the remuneration of the senior managers in charge of risk management and compliance functions within the Company;

 

    oversee observance of the remuneration policy established by the Company and periodically review the remuneration policy applied to directors, senior managers and employees whose professional activities have a significant impact on the Company’s risk profile;

 

    verify the information on directors and senior managers remunerations contained in the different corporate documents, including the annual report on directors’ remuneration; and

 

    any other duties that may have been allocated under the Board Regulations or attributed to the Committee by a Board of Directors resolution or by applicable legislation.

In the performance of its duties, the Remuneration Committee will consult with the Chairman of the Board via the Committee chair, especially with respect to matters related to executive directors and senior managers.

Pursuant to our Board Regulations, the Committee may request the attendance at its meetings of persons with tasks in the Group that are related to the Committee’s duties. It may also obtain such advice as may be necessary to establish an informed opinion on matters related to its business.

The Chairman of the Remuneration Committee will convene it as often as necessary to comply with its functions. During 2016, the Remuneration Committee met six (6) times.

Risk Committee

The Board’s Risk Committee’s essential function is to assist the Board of Directors in the determination and monitoring of the Group risk management and control policy and its strategy within this scope.

The Risk Committee will comprise a minimum of three members, appointed by the Board of Directors, which will also appoint its Chairman. All Committee members must be non-executive directors, of whom at least one third must be independent directors. Its Chairman must also be an independent director.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the members of the Risk Committee are:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. James Andrew Stott

Members

  

Mr. José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

Mr. Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

Mrs. Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

 

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Under the Board Regulations, it has the following duties:

 

    analyze and assess proposals related to the Group’s risk management, control and strategy. In particular, these will identify:

 

    the Group’s risk appetite; and

 

    establishment of the level of risk considered acceptable according to the risk profile and capital at risk, broken down by the Group’s businesses and areas of activity;

 

    analyze and assess the control and management policies for the Group’s different risks and information and internal control systems;

 

    the measures established to mitigate the impact of the risks identified, should they materialize;

 

    monitor the performance of the Group’s risks and their fit with the strategies and policies defined and the Group’s risk appetite;

 

    analyze, prior to submitting them to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee, those risk transactions that must be put to its consideration;

 

    review whether the prices of assets and liabilities offered to customers take fully into account the Bank’s business model and risk strategy and, if not, present a remedy plan to the Board of Directors;

 

    participate in the process of establishing the remuneration policy, checking that it is consistent with sound and effective risk management and does not encourage risk-taking that exceeds the level of tolerated risk of the Company;

 

    check that the Company and its Group has the means, systems, structures and resources in line with best practices that enable it to implement its risk-management strategy, ensuring that the entity’s risk management mechanisms are matched to its strategy; and

 

    any other duties that may have been allocated under the Board Regulations or attributed to the Committee by a Board of Directors resolution or by applicable legislation.

Pursuant to our Board Regulations, the Committee may request the attendance of the Group Risks Officer at its meetings and also of other executives heading different risks areas or the persons who, within the Group organisation, have missions related to its functions. It may also obtain such advice as may be necessary to establish an informed opinion on matters related to its business.

The Committee meets as often as necessary to comply with its duties, usually once a week. In 2016, it held thirty-eight (38) meetings.

The Committee has its own specific regulations, approved by the Board of Directors. These are available on our website and, amongst other things, regulate its operation.

Technology and Cybersecurity Committee

The Technology and Cybersecurity Committee’s essential functions are to assist the Board of Directors in the understanding of the risks associated to technology and information systems related to the Group’s activity and the oversight of its management and control and in the supervision of the infrastructure and technology strategy of the Group.

 

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The Technology and Cybersecurity Committee will have a minimum of three members appointed by the Board among its directors, which will nominate the chairman of this Committee. For this purpose, the Board will take into consideration the knowledge and experience in technology, information systems and cyber-security matters of its members.

As of the date of this Annual Report, the members of the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee are:

 

Position

  

Name

Chairman

   Mr. Carlos Torres Vila

Members

  

Mr. Tomás Alfaro Drake

Mr. Sunir Kumar Kapoor

Mr. Juan Pi Llorens

Mr. James Andrew Stott

Under its regulations, the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee has the following responsibilities:

- Oversight of technology-related risks and cyber-security management, which include the following:

 

    Assess the main technology-related risks to which the Bank is exposed, including information security and cyber-security risks, and the steps management has taken to monitor and control its exposure to such risks.

 

    Review policies and systems in place for the assessment, control and management of the Group’s technology-related risks and its infrastructure, including responses to cyber-attacks and recovery plans.

 

    Obtain business continuity planning reports on technology and infrastructure matters from management.

 

    Obtain reports from management, as and when appropriate, on:

 

    IT-related compliance risks; and

 

    The steps taken to identify, assess, monitor, manage and mitigate those risks.

 

    Additionally, the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee will be informed of any relevant event that may occur regarding cyber-security issues. These are deemed to be those which, individually or in the aggregate, may have a material impact on the Group’s equity, results of operation or reputation. In any case, such events shall be informed to the chair of the Committee as soon as possible.

- Keeping abreast about the technology strategy of the Group, which include the following:

 

    Obtaining reports from management, as and when appropriate, on technology strategy and trends that may affect the Company’s strategic plans, including the monitoring of overall industry trends.

 

    Obtaining reports from management, as and when appropriate, on the metrics established by the Group for the management and control of IT-related matters, including the progress of the developments and investments carried out by the Group in this field.

 

    Obtaining reports from management, as and when appropriate, on matters related to new technologies, applications, information systems and best practices that affect the Group’s IT strategy or plans.

 

   

Obtaining reports from management on the core policies, strategic projects and plans defined by the engineering area of the Bank.

 

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    Informing the Board of Directors and, if applicable, the Executive Committee, on any IT-related matters falling within the scope of their functions.

For a better performance of its functions, channels for an appropriate coordination between the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee and the Audit and Compliance Committee will be established to ensure:

 

  (i) that the Technology and Cybersecurity Committee has access to the conclusions of the work performed by the Internal Audit Department in technology and cybersecurity matters; and

 

  (ii) that the Audit and Compliance Committee is informed on IT-related systems and processes that are related to or affect the Bank’s internal control systems and other matters falling within the scope of its functions.

The Committee meets as often as necessary to comply with its functions. In 2016 it held three (3) meetings.

The Committee has its own specific regulations, approved by the Board of Directors. These are available on our website and, amongst other things, they regulate the Committee’s operation.

D. Employees

As of December 31, 2016, we, through our various subsidiaries, had 134,792 employees. Approximately 88% of our employees in Spain held technical, managerial and executive positions, while the remainder were clerical and support staff. The table below sets forth the number of BBVA employees by geographic area.

 

Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Spain

     26,884        —          4,567        31,451  

United Kingdom

     150        —          —          150  

France

     78        —          —          78  

Italy

     53        —          8        61  

Germany

     45        —          —          45  

Switzerland

     —          125        —          125  

Portugal

     —          490        —          490  

Belgium

     32        —          —          32  

The Netherlands (Holland)

     —          248        —          248  

Russia

     3        —          —          3  

Romania

     —          1,290        —          1,290  

Ireland

     —          4        —          4  

Luxembourg

     —          —          3        3  

Turkey

     —          22,140        —          22,140  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Finland

     —          —          39        39  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Europe

     27,245        24,297        4,617        56,159  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The United States

     128        10,416        —          10.544  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Argentina

     —          6,439        —          6,439  

Brazil

     1        —          7        8  

Colombia

     —          7,228        —          7,228  

Venezuela

     —          4,888        —          4,888  

Mexico

     —          37,378        —          37,378  

Uruguay

     —          618        —          618  

Paraguay

     —          463        —          463  

Bolivia

     —          —          366        366  

Chile

     —          4,522        —          4,522  

 

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Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Cuba

     1        —          —          1  

Peru

     —          6,010        —          6,010  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Latin America

     2        67,546        373        67,921  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hong Kong

     89        —          —          89  

Japan

     10        —          —          10  

China

     18        —          8        26  

Singapore

     10        —          —          10  

India

     2        —          —          2  

South Korea

     17        —          —          17  

United Arab Emirates

     3        —          —          3  

Taiwan

     7        —          —          7  

Indonesia

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Asia

     158        —          8        166  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Australia

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Oceania

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     27,535        102,259        4,998        134,792  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2015, we, through our various subsidiaries, had 137,968 employees. Approximately 88% of our employees in Spain held technical, managerial and executive positions, while the remainder were clerical and support staff. The table below sets forth the number of BBVA employees by geographic area.

 

Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Spain

     23,975        22        8,906        32,903  

United Kingdom

     161        —          —          161  

France

     84        —          —          84  

Italy

     55        —          23        78  

Germany

     46        —          —          46  

Switzerland

     —          125        —          125  

Portugal

     —          522        —          522  

Belgium

     32        —          —          32  

The Netherlands (Holland)

     —          246        —          246  

Russia

     3        72        —          75  

Romania

     —          1,187        —          1,187  

Ireland

     —          4        —          4  

Luxembourg

     —          —          3        3  

Turkey

     8        22,178        —          22,186  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Europe

     24,364        24,356        8,932        57,652  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The United States

     149        11,004        —          11,153  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Argentina

     —          5,974        —          5,974  

Brazil

     2        —          7        9  

Colombia

     —          7,257        —          7,257  

Venezuela

     —          5,233        —          5,233  

Mexico

     —          38,499        —          38,499  

Uruguay

     —          632        —          632  

Paraguay

     —          482        —          482  

Bolivia

     —          —          331        331  

Chile

     —          4,672        —          4,672  

 

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Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Cuba

     1        —          —          1  

Peru

     —          5,857        —          5,857  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Latin America

     3        68,606        338        68,947  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Hong Kong

     128        —          —          128  

Japan

     10        —          —          10  

China

     16        —          14        30  

Singapore

     10        —          —          10  

India

     2        —          —          2  

South Korea

     22        —          —          22  

United Arab Emirates

     3        —          —          3  

Taiwan

     7        —          —          7  

Indonesia

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Asia

     200        —          14        214  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Australia

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Oceania

     2        —          —          2  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     24,718        103,966        9,284        137,968  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2014, we, through our various subsidiaries, had 108,770 employees. Approximately 87% of our employees in Spain held technical, managerial and executive positions, while the remainder were clerical and support staff. The table below sets forth the number of BBVA employees by geographic area.

 

Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Spain

     25,049        18        3,553        28,620  

United Kingdom

     163        —          —          163  

France

     80        —          —          80  

Italy

     53        —          26        79  

Germany

     47        —          —          47  

Switzerland

     —          131        —          131  

Portugal

     —          688        —          688  

Belgium

     34        —          —          34  

Russia

     3        —          —          3  

Ireland

     —          5        —          5  

Luxembourg

     —          —          3        3  

Turkey

     16        —          —          16  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Europe

     25,445        842        3,582        29,869  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The United States

     154        10,790        —          10,944  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Argentina

     —          5,655        —          5,655  

Brazil

     2        —          5        7  

Colombia

     —          6,678        —          6,678  

Venezuela

     —          5,363        —          5,363  

Mexico

     —          38,107        —          38,107  

Uruguay

     —          639        —          639  

Paraguay

     —          481        —          481  

Bolivia

     —          —          291        —    

Chile

     —          4,567        —          4,567  

Cuba

     1        —          —          1  

Peru

     —          5,958        —          5,958  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Latin America

     3        67,448        296        67,747  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Country

   BBVA      Bank
subsidiaries
     Non-bank
subsidiaries
     Total  

Hong Kong

     128        —          —          128  

Japan

     10        —          —          10  

China

     14        —          14        28  

Singapore

     9        —          —          9  

India

     3        —          —          3  

South Korea

     19        —          —          19  

United Arab Emirates

     2        —          —          2  

Taiwan

     7        —          —          7  

Indonesia

     1        —          —          1  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Asia

     193        —          14        207  

Australia

     3        —          —          3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Oceania

     3        —          —          3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     25,798        79,080        3,892        108,770  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The terms and basic conditions of employment in private sector banks in Spain are negotiated with trade unions representing sector bank employees. Wage negotiations take place on an industry-wide basis. This process has historically produced collective bargaining agreements binding upon all Spanish banks and their employees. On June 15, 2016, the XXIII collective bargain agreement was signed. This agreement became effective as of January 1, 2015 and is set to expire on December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, we had 1,598, 1,507 and 869 temporary employees in our Spanish offices, respectively.

E. Share Ownership

As of March 24, 2017, the members of the Board of Directors owned an aggregate of BBVA shares as shown in the table below:

 

Name

   Directly owned shares      Indirectly owned shares      Total shares      % Capital Stock  

Francisco González Rodríguez

     2,437,472        1,716,113        4,153,585        0.063  

Carlos Torres Vila

     285,592        —          285,592        0.004  

Tomás Alfaro Drake

     17,609        —          17,609        0.000  

José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

     10,632        —          10,632        0.000  

José Antonio Fernández Rivero

     74,467        —          74,467        0.001  

Belén Garijo López

     —          —          —          —    

José Manuel González-Páramo Martínez-Murillo

     71,200        —          71,200        0.001  

Sunir Kumar Kapoor

     —          —          —          —    

Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

     58,311        —          58,311        0.001  

Lourdes Máiz Carro

     —          —          —          —    

José Maldonado Ramos

     38,761        —          38,761        0.001  

Juan Pi Llorens

     —          —          —          —    

Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

     26,390        1,008        27,398        0.000  

James Andrew Stott (*)

     —          —          —          —    

TOTAL

     3,020,434        1,717,121        4,737,555        0.072  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(*) In addition, James Andrew Stott indirectly owns 10,000 BBVA’s ADSs.

 

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BBVA has not granted options on its shares to any members of its administrative, supervisory or management bodies.

As of March 24, 2017 the Senior Management (excluding executive directors) owned an aggregate of BBVA shares as shown in the table below:

 

Name

   Directly
owned shares
     Indirectly
owned shares
     Total shares      % Capital Stock  

Eduardo Arbizu Lostao

     297,691        —          297,691        0.005  

Domingo Armengol Calvo

     104,539        —          104,539        0.002  

Juan Asúa Madariaga

     378,693        31,790        410,483        0.006  

Ricardo Forcano García

     37,316        —          37,316        0.001  

Ricardo Gómez Barredo

     50,000        —          50,000        0.001  

Ricardo Enrique Moreno García

     54,612        —          54,612        0.001  

Eduardo Osuna Osuna

     53,484        —          53,484        0.001  

Cristina de Parias Halcón

     151,169        —          151,169        0.002  

Francisco Javier Rodríguez Soler

     93,008        —          93,008        0.001  

Jaime Sáenz de Tejada Pulido

     280,639        —          280,639        0.004  

Jorge Sáenz-Azcúnaga Carranza

     80,624        —          80,624        0.001  

Rafael Salinas Martínez de Lecea

     160,329        18,187        178,516        0.003  

José Luis de los Santos Tejero

     198,753        23,279        222,032        0.003  

Derek Jensen White

     26,400        —          26,400        0.000  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

TOTAL

     1,967,257        73,256        2,040,513        0.031  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

As of March 29, 2017 a total of 20,438 employees (excluding the members of the Senior Management and executive directors) owned 58,072,012 shares, which represented 0.88% of our capital stock.

 

ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

As of March 29, 2017, no person, corporation or government beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, five percent or more of BBVA’s shares. BBVA’s major shareholders do not have voting rights which are different from those held by the rest of its shareholders. To the extent known to us, BBVA is not controlled, directly or indirectly, by any other corporation, government or any other natural or legal person. As of December 31, 2016, there were 919,884 registered holders of BBVA’s shares, with an aggregate of 6,566,615,242 shares, of which 582 shareholders with registered addresses in the United States held a total of 1,019,225,582 shares (including shares represented by American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”)). Since certain of such shares and ADRs are held by nominees, the foregoing figures are not representative of the number of beneficial holders.

B. Related Party Transactions

Loans to Directors, Senior Management and Other Related Parties

As of December 31, 2016, there were no loans granted by the Group’s entities to the members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the amount availed against loans by the Group’s entities to the members of the Board of Directors was €200 thousand and €235 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against the loans by the Group’s entities to the members of Senior Management (excluding the executive directors) amounted to €5,573 thousand €6,641 thousand and €4,614 thousand, respectively.

 

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As of December 31, 2016, there were no loans granted to parties related to the members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2015 the amount availed against the loans to parties related to the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors was €10,000, and as of December 31, 2014, there were no loans to parties related to the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against the loans to parties related to members of the Senior Management amounted to €98 thousand, €113 thousand and €291 thousand, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 no guarantees had been granted to any member of the Board of Directors.

As of December 31, 2016, the amount availed against guarantees arranged with members of the Senior Management totaled €28 thousand. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 no guarantees had been granted to any member of the Senior Management.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against loans and guarantees arranged with parties related to the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors and the Senior Management totaled €8 thousand, €1,679 thousand and €419 thousand, respectively.

Related Party Transactions in the Ordinary Course of Business

Loans extended to related parties (including guarantees) were made in the ordinary course of business, on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons, and did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

BBVA subsidiaries engage, on a regular and routine basis, in a number of customary transactions with other BBVA subsidiaries, including:

 

    overnight call deposits;

 

    time deposits;

 

    foreign exchange purchases and sales;

 

    derivative transactions, such as forward purchases and sales;

 

    money market fund transfers;

 

    letters of credit for imports and exports;

 

    financial guarantees

 

    service level agreements;

and other similar transactions within the scope of the ordinary course of the banking business, such as loans and other banking services to our shareholders, to employees of all levels, to associates and to family members of all the above and to other BBVA non-banking subsidiaries or affiliates. All these transactions have been made:

 

    in the ordinary course of business;

 

    on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons; and

 

    did not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present other unfavorable features.

 

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C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Financial Information

See Item 18.

Dividends

The table below sets forth the amount of interim, final and total cash dividends paid by BBVA on its shares for the years 2012 to 2016. The rate used to convert euro amounts to U.S. dollars was the noon buying rate at the end of each year.

 

    Per Share  
    First Interim     Second Interim     Third Interim      Final      Total  
        $         $          $           $           $  
2012   0.100     $ 0.132       ( *)      ( *)    0.100      $ 0.132        ( *)       ( *)     0.200      $ 0.264  
2013   0.100     $ 0.138       ( *)      ( *)      —          —          ( *)       ( *)     0.100      $ 0.138  
2014   0.080     $ 0.097       ( *)      ( *)      (*)        (*      ( *)       ( *)     0.080      $ 0.097  
2015   0.080     $ 0.087       ( *)      ( *)    0.080      $ 0.087        ( *)       ( *)     0.160      0.174  
2016   0.080     $ 0.084       ( *)      ( *)    0.080      $ 0.084        ( *)       ( *)     0.160      0.169  

 

(*) In execution of the 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 “Dividend Option” schemes described under “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview —Supervision and Regulation—Dividends” approved by the shareholders in the respective general shareholders’ meetings, BBVA shareholders were given the option to receive their remuneration in newly issued ordinary shares or in cash.

We have paid annual dividends to our shareholders since the date we were founded. The cash dividend for a year is proposed by the Board of Directors to be approved by the annual general shareholders’ meeting following the end of the year to which it relates and includes any interim dividend that may be passed by the Board of Directors during that period. The scrip dividends are proposed for approval of our shareholders in the annual general shareholders’ meeting, for being implemented during a period of one year from their approval. Interim and final dividends are payable to holders of record on the record date for the dividend payment date. Unclaimed cash dividends revert to BBVA five years after declaration. For additional information see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends”.

While we expect to declare and pay dividends on our shares in the future, the payment of dividends will depend upon the results of BBVA, market conditions, the regulatory framework, the recommendations or restrictions regarding dividends that may be adopted by domestic or European regulatory bodies or authorities and other factors.

As described under “Item 4. Information on the Company— Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends”, the annual shareholders’ general meeting held on March 17, 2017 passed a resolution adopting a capital increase to be charged to voluntary reserves for the implementation during 2017 of a “Dividend Option” on similar terms to those implemented since 2011. In accordance with its current dividend policy, BBVA’s subsequent dividends are expected to be paid in cash.

 

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The “Dividend Option” is implemented as an alternative remuneration scheme for BBVA shareholders with the aim to provide BBVA shareholders with a flexible option to receive newly issued ordinary shares of the Bank, whilst always maintaining the possibility to choose to receive the entire remuneration in cash.

Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement entered into with the Bank of New York Mellon, holders of ADSs are entitled to receive dividends (in cash or scrip, as applicable) attributable to the shares represented by the ADSs evidenced by ADRs to the same extent as if they were holders of such shares.

BBVA may not pay dividends except out of its annual results and its unrestricted reserves available for the payment of dividends, after taking into account the applicable capital adequacy requirements and any recommendations on payment of dividends, and any other required authorization or restriction, if applicable. Capital adequacy requirements are applied on both a consolidated and individual basis. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Capital Requirements” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital”. Under applicable capital adequacy requirements, we estimate that as of December 31, 2016, BBVA had approximately €9.5 billion of reserves in excess of applicable capital and reserve requirements.

Legal Proceedings

As mentioned in “Item 3. Key Information—Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Us and Our Business—The Group is party to lawsuits, tax claims and other legal proceedings”, we operate in an increasingly regulated and litigious environment with a potential exposure to liability and other costs, which may not be easy to estimate. In this environment, the entities of the Group are party to legal actions, arising from the ordinary course of business, in a number of jurisdictions (including, among others, Spain, Mexico and the United States). While we cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, according to the procedural status of these proceedings and our assessment of these matters, BBVA believes that, except as described below with respect to mortgage “floor” clauses, none of such proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, if resolved adversely, would result in a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. The Group’s management believes that adequate provisions have been made in respect of such legal proceedings, and considers that the possible contingencies that may arise from such ongoing lawsuits are not material.

“Floor” Clauses

On May 9, 2013, the Spanish Supreme Court issued a definitive ruling, rendered on a collective claim brought against BBVA among others, proclaiming the invalidity of “floor” clauses limiting the interest rates in mortgage loans with consumers (commonly referred to as “cláusulas suelo”) provided such clauses did not comply with certain requirements of material transparency set forth in the referred ruling. The Spanish Supreme Court also ruled that there were no grounds for the refund of the amounts collected by the lenders pursuant to those clauses prior to May 9, 2013.

In compliance with this ruling and as communicated to the market on June 12, 2013, BBVA eliminated or deprived of effect “floor” clauses in all mortgage loans with consumers since May 9, 2013.

Following the ruling of the Spanish Supreme Court, the Provincial Court of Alicante asked the Court of Justice of the European Union (the “CJEU”) to determine whether the limited retroactivity of the decision of the Spanish Supreme Court (which, as indicated above, had no impact on amounts collected by the lenders pursuant to “floor” clauses prior to May 9, 2013) was compatible with Council Directive 93/13/EEC of April 5, 1993, on unfair terms in consumer contracts (“Directive 93/13/EEC”). In July 2016, while the CJEU decision was still pending, BBVA estimated that the maximum amount subject to any potential claims, should the CJEU decide that the Supreme Court of Spain’s decision was not compatible with Directive 93/13/EEC, would be approximately €1.2 billion, indicating that the actual impact would probably be lower, based on past experiences.

On December 21, 2016, the CJEU’s decision was published. In its judgment, the CJEU stated that national case law setting time limits for the refund of amounts arising from the invalidity of an unfair term in a contract is contrary to Article 6(1) of Directive 93/13/EEC.

In connection with the preparation of its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, BBVA analyzed as of the relevant balance sheet date its portfolio of mortgage loans to consumers in which there were “floor” clauses and recorded a provision of €577 million to cover the contingencies that may arise in connection with claims related to the legality of such clauses. This provision may be revised in future periods based on the evolution of such claims and other facts and circumstances as of the related reporting date.

 

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On December 21, 2016, the CJEU’s decision was published. In its judgment, the CJEU stated that national case law setting time limits for the refund of amounts arising from the invalidity of an unfair term in a contract is contrary to Article 6(1) of Directive 93/13/EEC.

In connection with the preparation of its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, BBVA analyzed as of the relevant balance sheet date its portfolio of mortgage loans to consumers in which there were “floor” clauses and recorded a provision of €577 million to cover the contingencies that may arise in connection with claims related to the legality of such clauses. This provision may be revised in future periods based on the evolution of such claims and other facts and circumstances as of the related reporting date.

B. Significant Changes

No significant change has occurred since the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements other than those mentioned in this Annual Report or our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

BBVA’s shares are listed on the Spanish stock exchanges in Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona and Valencia (the “Spanish Stock Exchanges”) and listed on the computerized trading system of the Spanish Stock Exchanges (the “Automated Quotation System”). BBVA’s shares are also listed on the Mexican and London stock exchanges as well as quoted on SEAQ International in London. BBVA’s shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange as American Depositary Shares (ADSs).

ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and are also traded on the Lima (Peru) Stock Exchange, by virtue of an exchange agreement entered into between these two exchanges. Each ADS represents the right to receive one share.

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the euro and the dollar will affect the dollar equivalent of the euro price of BBVA’s shares on the Spanish Stock Exchanges and the price of BBVA’s ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange. Cash dividends are paid by BBVA in euro, and exchange rate fluctuations between the euro and the dollar will affect the dollar amounts received by holders of ADRs on conversion by The Bank of New York Mellon (acting as depositary) of cash dividends on the shares underlying the ADSs evidenced by such ADRs.

As of December 31, 2016, State Street Bank and Trust Co., The Bank of New York Mellon, SA NV and Chase Nominees Ltd in their capacity as international custodian/depositary banks, held 11.74%, 5.18% and 7.04% of BBVA common stock, respectively. Of said positions held by the custodian banks, BBVA is not aware of any individual shareholders with direct or indirect holdings greater than or equal to 3% of BBVA common stock outstanding.

 

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The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales closing prices for the shares of BBVA on the Automated Quotation System:

 

     Euro per Share  
     High      Low  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

     

Annual

     7.30        4.43  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

     

Annual

     9.33        6.24  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

     

Annual

     9.93        7.72  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

     

Annual

     9.73        6.71  

First Quarter

     9.56        7.32  

Second Quarter

     9.73        8.79  

Third Quarter

     9.40        7.33  

Fourth Quarter

     8.19        6.71  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

     

Annual

     6.76        4.76  

First Quarter

     6.64        5.24  

Second Quarter

     6.76        4.76  

Third Quarter

     5.75        4.79  

Fourth Quarter

     6.61        5.29  

Month ended October 31, 2016

     6.61        5.29  

Month ended November 30, 2016

     6.49        5.73  

Month ended December 31, 2016

     6.55        5.79  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

     

Month ended January 31, 2017

     6.57        6.09  

Month ended February 28, 2017

     6.42        5.97  

Month ended March 31, 2017 (through March 24, 2017)

     7.21        6.36  

From January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 the percentage of outstanding shares held by BBVA and its affiliates ranged between 0.000% and 0.756%, calculated on a daily basis. As of February 16, 2017, the percentage of outstanding shares held by BBVA and its affiliates was 0.255%.

The table below sets forth the reported high and low sales closing prices for the ADSs of BBVA on the New York Stock Exchange for the periods indicated.

 

     U.S. Dollars per ADR  
     High      Low  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2012

     

Annual

     9.72        5.34  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

     

Annual

     12.78        8.22  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

     

Annual

     13.54        9.39  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

     

Annual

     10.65        7.33  

First Quarter

     10.36        8.44  

Second Quarter

     10.65        9.76  

Third Quarter

     10.34        8.20  

Fourth Quarter

     9.16        7.33  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2016

     

Annual

     7.63        5.30  

First Quarter

     7.32        5.97  

Second Quarter

     7.63        5.30  

Third Quarter

     6.46        5.33  

Fourth Quarter

     7.21        5.92  

Month ended October 31, 2016

     7.21        5.92  

Month ended November 30, 2016

     7.20        6.05  

Month ended December 31, 2016

     6.89        6.16  

Fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

     

Month ended January 31, 2017

     6.98        6.54  

Month ended February 28, 2017

     6.81        6.40  

Month ended March 31, 2017 (through March 24, 2017)

     7.77        6.70  

 

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Securities Trading in Spain

The Spanish securities market for equity securities consists of the Automated Quotation System and the four stock exchanges located in Madrid, Bilbao, Barcelona and Valencia. During 2016, the Automated Quotation System accounted for the majority of the total trading volume of equity securities on the Spanish Stock Exchanges.

Automated Quotation System. The Automated Quotation System (Sistema de Interconexión Bursátil) links the four local exchanges, providing those securities listed on it with a uniform continuous market that eliminates certain of the differences among the local exchanges. The principal feature of the system is the computerized matching of buy and sell orders at the time of entry of the order. Each order is executed as soon as a matching order is entered, but can be modified or canceled until executed. The activity of the market can be continuously monitored by investors and brokers. The Automated Quotation System is operated and regulated by Sociedad de Bolsas, S.A. (“Sociedad de Bolsas”), a corporation owned by the companies that manage the local exchanges. All trades on the Automated Quotation System must be placed through a bank, brokerage firm, an official stock broker or a dealer firm member of a Spanish Stock Exchange directly. Since January 1, 2000, Spanish banks have been allowed to place trades on the Automated Quotation System and have been allowed to become members of the Spanish Stock Exchanges. We are currently a member of the four Spanish Stock Exchanges and can trade through the Automated Quotation System.

In a pre-opening session held from 8:30 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. each trading day, an opening price is established for each security traded on the Automated Quotation System based on orders placed at that time. The regime concerning opening prices was changed by an internal rule issued by the Sociedad de Bolsas. In this new regime all references to maximum changes in share prices are substituted by static and dynamic price ranges for each listed share, calculated on the basis of the most recent historical volatility of each share, and made publicly available and updated on a regular basis by the Sociedad de Bolsas. The computerized trading hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., during which time the trading price of a security is permitted to vary by up to the stated levels. If, during the open session, the quoted price of a share exceeds these static or dynamic price ranges, Volatility Auctions are triggered, resulting in new static or dynamic price ranges being set for the share object of the same. Between 5:30 p.m. and 5:35 p.m. a closing price is established for each security through an auction system similar to the one held for the pre-opening early in the morning.

Trading hours for block trades (i.e., operations involving a large number of shares) are also from 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.

Between 5:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m., special operations, whether Authorized or Communicated, can take place outside the computerized matching system of the Sociedad de Bolsas if they fulfill certain requirements. In such respect Communicated special operations (those that do not need the prior authorization of the Sociedad de Bolsas) can be traded if all of the following requirements are met: (i) the trade price of the share must be within the range of 5% above the higher of the average price and closing price for the day and 5% below the lower of the average price and closing price for the day; (ii) the market member executing the trade must have previously covered certain positions in securities and cash before executing the trade; and (iii) the size of the trade must involve at least €300,000 and represent at least a 20% of the average daily trading volume of the shares in the Automated Quotation System during the preceding three months. If any of the aforementioned requirements is not met, a special operation may still take place, but it will need to take the form of Authorized special operation (i.e., those needing the prior authorization of the Sociedad de Bolsas). Such authorization will only be upheld if any of the following requirements are met:

 

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    the trade involves more than €1.5 million and more than 40% of the average daily volume of the stock during the preceding three months;

 

    the transaction derives from a merger or spin-off process or from the reorganization of a group of companies;

 

    the transaction is executed for the purposes of settling a litigation or completing a complex group of contracts; or

 

    the Sociedad de Bolsas finds other justifiable cause.

Information with respect to the computerized trades between 9:00 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. is made public immediately, and information with respect to trades outside the computerized matching system is reported to the Sociedad de Bolsas by the end of the trading day and published in the Boletín de Cotización and in the computer system by the beginning of the next trading day.

Sociedad de Bolsas is also the manager of the IBEX 35® Index. This index is made up by the 35 most liquid securities traded on the Spanish Market and, technically, it is a price index that is weighted by capitalization and adjusted according to the free float of each company comprised in the index. Apart from its quotation on the four Spanish Exchanges, BBVA is also currently included in the IBEX 35® Index.

Clearing and Settlement System

On April 1, 2003, by virtue of Law 44/2002 and of Order ECO 689/2003 of March 27, 2003 approved by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the integration of the two main existing book-entry settlement systems existing in Spain at the time-the equity settlement system Servicio de Compensación y Liquidación de Valores (“SCLV”) and the Public Debt settlement system Central de Anotaciones de Deuda del Estado (“CADE”)- took place. As a result of this integration, a single entity, known as Sociedad de Gestión de los Sistemas de Registro Compensación y Liquidación de Valores (“Iberclear”) assumed the functions formerly performed by SCLV and CADE according to the legal regime then stated in article 44 bis of the Spanish Securities Market Act (Law 24/1988).

Notwithstanding the above, rules concerning the book-entry settlement systems enacted before this date by SCLV and the Bank of Spain, as former manager of CADE, continued in force, but any reference to the SCLV or CADE was deemed to be substituted by Iberclear.

In addition, and according to Law 41/1999, Iberclear manages three securities settlement systems for securities in book-entry form: The system for securities listed on the four Spanish Stock Exchanges, the system for Public Debt and the system for debt securities traded in “AIAF Mercado de Renta Fija”. Cash settlement, from February 18, 2008 for all systems is managed through the TARGET2-Banco de España payment system.

Laws 32/2011 and 11/2015 amended the Spanish Securities Market Act and Royal Decree 878/2015 replaced Royal Decree 116/1992 from February 3, 2016, introducing changes to the Spanish clearing, settlement and book-entry registry procedures applicable to securities transactions so as to allow post-trading Spanish systems to integrate into the TARGET2 System (TARGET2). The project to reform Spain’s clearing, settlement and registry system and connect it to the TARGET2 System (the “Reform”) has introduced significant changes that affect all classes of securities and all post-trade activities.

The Reform is being implemented in two phases:

 

  (1) The first phase took place from April 27, 2016 and involved setting up a new system for equities including all the changes envisaged in the Reform, encompassing the incorporation of central counterparty clearing (to be performed by, among others, BME Clearing, S.A.U.) in post-trading whose design must be compatible with the TARGET2 System (including with respect to messages, account structure, definition of operations, etc.). Accordingly, the SCLV (Servicio de Compensación y Liquidación de Valores) platform was discontinued.

The T+3 settlement cycle for trades executed in trading venues, affecting mainly equities, was reduced to

 

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T+2 from October 2016, in line with what is set forth in European Regulation 909/2014, of July 23 on improving securities settlement in the European Union and on Central Securities Depositories.

The CADE platform will continue to operate unchanged until the last quarter of 2017, and cash settlements in the new system will continue to be made through the TARGET2-Bank of Spain cash accounts.

 

  (2) The second phase will be implemented once Iberclear is connected to the TARGET2 System, scheduled for the last quarter of 2017. At that time, fixed-income securities will be transferred to the new system, and CADE will be discontinued.

Equities will also be settled in accordance with the procedures and time periods of the TARGET2 System, so that the interim settlement procedure followed in the first phase will be discontinued.

The second phase will entail unifying the registry and settlement approach for both equities and fixed-income securities.

The latest amendments to Iberclear’s Rulebook reflecting the Reform have been officially published in the Spanish Official Gazette (May 3 and August 18, 2016) while each Spanish Stock Exchange has approved its respective new rulebook.

The following paragraphs exclusively address issues relating to the securities settlement system managed by Iberclear before the Reform is implemented for securities listed on the Spanish Stock Exchanges (the “SCLV system”).

Under Law 41/1999 and Royal Decree 878/2015 (which replaced Royal Decree 116/1992 on February 3, 2015), transactions carried out on the Spanish Stock Exchanges are cleared and settled through Iberclear and its participants (each an entidad participante), through the SCLV system. Only Iberclear participants to this equity securities settlement system are entitled to use it, with participation restricted to authorized members of the Spanish Stock Exchanges (for whom participation was compulsory until March 2007), the Bank of Spain (when an agreement, approved by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Finance, is reached with Iberclear) and, with the approval of the CNMV, other brokers not members of the Spanish Stock Exchanges, banks, savings banks and foreign clearing and settlement systems. BBVA is currently a participant in Iberclear. Iberclear and its participants are responsible for maintaining records of purchases and sales under the book-entry system. In order to be listed, shares of Spanish companies must be held in book-entry form. Iberclear, maintains a “two-step” book-entry registry reflecting the number of shares held by each of its participants as well as the amount of such shares held on behalf of beneficial owners. Each participant, in turn, maintains a registry of the owners of such shares. Spanish law considers the legal owner of the shares to be:

 

    the participant appearing in the records of Iberclear as holding the relevant shares in its own name, or

 

    the investor appearing in the records of the participant as holding the shares.

According to Iberclear’s Rulebook, members of the Spanish Stock Exchanges who do not want to hold Iberclear participant status need to appoint an Iberclear participant who will be responsible for the clearing and settlement of their trades.

Obtaining legal title to shares of a company listed on a Spanish Stock Exchange requires the participation of a Spanish broker-dealer, bank or other entity authorized under Spanish law to record the transfer of shares in book-entry form in its capacity as Iberclear participant for the equity securities settlement system. To evidence title to shares, at the owner’s request the relevant participant entity must issue a certificate of ownership. In the event the owner is a participant entity, Iberclear is in charge of the issuance of the certificate with respect to the shares held in the participant entity’s own name.

According to the Securities Market Act brokerage commissions are not regulated. Brokers’ fees, to the extent charged, will apply upon transfer of title of our shares from the depositary to a holder of ADSs, and upon any later sale of such shares by such holder. Transfers of ADSs do not require the participation of a member of a Spanish Stock Exchange. The deposit agreement provides that holders depositing our shares with the depositary in exchange for ADSs or withdrawing our shares in exchange for ADSs will pay the fees of the official stockbroker or other person or entity authorized under Spanish law applicable both to such holder and to the depositary.

 

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Securities Market Legislation

The Securities Markets Act was enacted in 1988 with the purpose of reforming the organization and supervision of the Spanish securities markets. This legislation and the regulation implementing it:

 

    established an independent regulatory authority, the CNMV, to supervise the securities markets;

 

    established a framework for the regulation of trading practices, tender offers and insider trading;

 

    required stock exchange members to be corporate entities;

 

    required companies listed on a Spanish Stock Exchange to file annual audited financial statements and to make public quarterly financial information;

 

    established the legal framework for the Automated Quotation System;

 

    exempted the sale of securities from transfer and value added taxes;

 

    deregulated brokerage commissions; and

 

    provided for transfer of shares by book-entry or by delivery of evidence of title.

On February 14, 1992, Royal Decree No. 116/92 established the clearance and settlement system and the book-entry system, and required that all companies listed on a Spanish Stock Exchange adopt the book-entry system. On February 3, 2016 Royal Decree 878/2015 came into force and replaced Royal Decree 116/1992.

On April 12, 2007, the Spanish Congress approved Law 6/2007, which amends the Securities Markets Act in order to adapt it to Directive 2004/25/EC on takeover bids, and Directive 2004/109/EC on the harmonization of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market (amending Directive 2001/34/EC). Regarding the transparency of listed companies, Law 6/2007 amended the reporting requirements and the disclosure regime, and established changes in the supervision system. On the takeover bids side, Law 6/2007 has established the cases in which a company must launch a takeover bid and the ownership thresholds at which a takeover bid must be launched. It also regulates conduct rules for the board of directors of target companies and the squeeze-out and sell-out when a 90% of the share capital is held after a takeover bid. Additionally, Law 6/2007 was further developed by Royal Decree 1362/2007, on transparency requirements for issuers of listed securities, which was subsequently amended (see “— Trading by the Bank and its Affiliates in the Shares”).

On December 19, 2007, the Spanish Congress approved Law 47/2007, which amends the Securities Markets Act in order to adapt it to Directive 2004/37/EC on markets in financial instruments (MiFID), Directive 2006/49/EC on the capital adequacy of investment firms and credit institutions, and Directive 2006/73/EC implementing Directive 2004/39/EC with respect to organizational requirements and operating conditions for investment firms and defined terms for the purposes of that Directive. Further MiFID implementation was introduced by Royal Decree 217/2008.

The Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on short selling and certain aspects of credit default swaps (EU) No 236/2012 (Regulation) has been in force since March 25, 2012 and became directly effective in EU countries from November 1, 2012. This Regulation introduced a pan-European regulatory framework for dealing with short selling and requires persons to disclose short positions in relation to shares of EU listed companies and EU sovereign debt. For significant net short positions in shares of EU listed companies, these regulations create a two-tier reporting model: (i) when a net short position reaches 0.20% of an issuer’s share capital (and at every 0.1% thereafter), such position must be privately reported to the relevant regulator; and (ii) when such position reaches 0.50% (and at every 0.1% thereafter) of an issuer’s share capital, apart from being disclosed to the regulators, such position must be publicly reported to the market.

 

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Law 9/2012 and Royal Decree 1698/2012 implemented European Directive 2010/73/EU (which amended Directive 2003/71/EC, on the prospectus to be published when securities are offered to the public or admitted to trading and Directive 2004/109/EC, on the harmonization of transparency requirements in relation to information about issuers whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market).

Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of May 15, 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (MIFID II), and Regulation (EU) 600/2014 of the European Parliament and Council of May 15, 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Regulation (EU) 648/2012 (MiFIR), were published on June 12, 2014 and, when fully implemented and in force, will affect the Spanish securities market legislation, markets and infrastructures. This could translate into higher compliance costs for financial institutions.

Royal Legislative Decree 4/2015, of October 23, approved the reinstated text of the Securities Markets Act.

Trading by the Bank and its Affiliates in the Shares

Trading by subsidiaries in their parent companies shares is restricted by the Corporate Enterprises Act.

Neither BBVA nor its affiliates may purchase BBVA’s shares unless the making of such purchases is authorized at a meeting of BBVA’s shareholders by means of a resolution establishing, among other matters, the maximum number of shares to be acquired and the authorization term, which cannot exceed five years. Restricted reserves equal to the purchase price of any shares that are purchased by BBVA or its subsidiaries must be made by the purchasing entity. The total number of shares held by BBVA and its subsidiaries may not exceed ten percent of BBVA’s total capital, as per the treasury stock limits set forth in the Corporate Enterprises Act (Royal Legislative Decree 1/2010). It is the practice of Spanish banking groups, including ours, to establish subsidiaries to trade in their parent company’s shares in order to meet imbalances of supply and demand, to provide liquidity (especially for trades by their customers) and to modulate swings in the market price of their parent company’s shares.

Reporting Requirements

Royal Decree 1362/2007 requires that any person or entity which acquires or transfers shares and as a consequence the number of voting rights held exceeds, reaches or is below the thresholds of 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80% and 90% of the capital stock of a company listed on a Spanish Stock Exchange must, within four stock exchange business days after that acquisition or transfer, report it to such company, and to the CNMV. This duty to report the holding of a significant stake is applicable not only to the acquisitions and transfers in the terms described above, but also to those cases in which in the absence of an acquisition or transfer of shares, the ratio of an individual’s voting rights exceeds, reaches or is below the thresholds that trigger the duty to report, as a consequence of an alteration in the total number of voting rights of an issuer.

In addition, any company listed on a Spanish Stock Exchange must report on a non-public basis to the CNMV, within four Stock Exchange business days, any acquisition by such company (or an affiliate) of the company’s own shares if such acquisition, together with any previous one from the date of the last communication, exceeds 1% of its capital stock, regardless of the balance retained. Members of the board of directors must report the ratio of voting rights held at the time of their appointment as members of the board, when they are ceased as members, and each time they transfer or acquire share capital of a company listed on the Spanish Stock Exchanges, regardless of the size of the transaction. Additionally, since we are a credit entity, any individual or company who intends to acquire a significant participation in BBVA’s share capital must obtain prior approval from the Bank of Spain in order to carry out the transaction. See “Item 10. Additional Information—Exchange Controls—Restrictions on Acquisitions of Shares”.

Royal Decree 1362/2007 also establishes reporting requirements in connection with any entity acting from a tax haven or a country where no securities regulatory commission exists, in which case the threshold of three percent is reduced to one percent.

 

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Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 16, 2014 on market abuse and its implementing regulations entered into force on July 3, 2016, involving a number of changes for BBVA as a listed issuer, including in relation to areas such as disclosure of inside information to the market, maintenance of insider lists and disclosure of restrictions on dealings by directors and persons discharging managerial responsibilities.

Royal Decree 1362/2007 was amended in 2015 in order to, among other matters, include some changes to the reporting requirements applicable to major shareholdings. In particular, cash settled instruments creating long positions on underlying listed shares shall be disclosed if the specified shareholding threshold is reached or exceeded; cash holdings and holdings as a result of financial instruments shall be aggregated for disclosure purposes and a disclosure exemption for shareholding positions held by financial entities in their trading books is available.

Each Spanish bank is required to provide to the Bank of Spain a list dated the last day of each quarter of all the bank’s shareholders that are financial institutions and other non-financial institution shareholders owning at least 0.25% of a bank’s total share capital. Furthermore, the banks are required to inform the Bank of Spain, as soon as they become aware, and in any case not later than in 15 days, of each acquisition by a person or a group of at least one percent of such bank’s total share capital.

Ministerial Order EHA/1421/2009 developed the requirements set forth in the Securities Market Act on the publication of significant information. In this respect, the principles to be followed and conditions to be met by entities when they publish and report significant information are set forth, along with the content requirements, including when significant information is connected with accounting, financial or operational projections, forecasts or estimates. The reporting entity must designate at least one interlocutor whom the CNMV may consult or from whom it may request information relating to dissemination of the significant information. Lastly, some of the circumstances in which it is considered that an entity is failing to comply with the duty to publish and report significant information are described. These include, among others, cases in which significant information is disseminated at meetings with investors or shareholders or at presentations to analysts or to media professionals, but is not communicated, at the same time, to the CNMV.

Ministerial Order EHA/1421/2009 was modified by ministerial Order ECC/461/2013 which imposed on securities issuers the duty of publishing notices of significant information through their websites.

Circular 4/2009 of the CNMV further develops Ministerial Order EHA1421/2009. In this respect, the Circular sets forth a precise proceeding for the actual report of the significant information and draws up an illustrative list of the events that may be deemed to constitute significant information. This list includes, among others, events connected with strategic agreements and mergers and acquisitions, information relating to the reporting entity’s financial statements or those of its consolidated group, information on notices of call and official matters and information on significant changes in factors connected with the activities of the reporting entity and its group.

Tax Requirements

According to Law 10/2014, an issuer’s parent company (credit entity or listed company) is required, on an annual basis, to provide the Spanish tax authorities with the following: (i) disclosure of information regarding those investors with Spanish Tax residency obtaining income from securities and (ii) the amount of income obtained by them in each period.

B. Plan of distribution

Not Applicable.

C. Mark ets

See “Item 9. The Offer and Listing”.

 

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D. Selling Shareholders

Not Applicable.

E. Dilut ion

Not Applicable.

F. Expe nses of the Issue

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. Share Capital

Not Applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

Spanish law and BBVA’s Bylaws are the main sources of regulation affecting the Company. All rights and obligations of BBVA’s shareholders are contained in BBVA’s Bylaws and in Spanish law. Pursuant to Royal Decree 84/2015 of February 13, implementing Law 10/2014, amendments of the Bylaws of a bank are subject to notice or prior authorization of the Bank of Spain.

Registry and Company’s Objects and Purposes

BBVA is registered with the Commercial Registry of Vizcaya (Spain). Its registration number at the Commercial Registry of Vizcaya is volume 2,083, Company section folio 1, sheet BI-17-1, 1st entry. Its corporate purpose is to engage in all kinds of activities, operations, acts, contracts and services within the banking business or directly or indirectly related to it that are permitted or not prohibited by prevailing provisions and ancillary activities. Its corporate purpose also includes the acquisition, holding, utilization and divestment of securities, public offerings to buy and sell securities, and any kind of holdings in any company or enterprise. BBVA’s corporate purpose is contained in Article 3 of BBVA’s Bylaws.

Certain Powers of the Board of Directors

In general, provisions regarding directors are contained in our Bylaws. Also, our Board Regulations govern the internal procedures and the operation of the Board of Directors and its Committees and directors’ rights and duties as described in their charter. The referred Board Regulations limit a director’s right to vote on a proposal, arrangement or contract in which the director is materially interested and require retirement of directors at a certain age. Directors are not required to hold shares of BBVA in order to be appointed as such. In relation to executive directors, please see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees-Compensation” regarding their share-based compensation.

Lastly, the Board Regulations contain a series of ethical standards. For more information please see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees”.

Certain Provisions Regarding Privileged Shares

Our Bylaws authorize us to issue ordinary, non-voting, redeemable and privileged shares. As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report, we have no non-voting, redeemable or privileged shares outstanding.

 

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The Company may issue shares that confer some privilege over ordinary shares under the legally established terms and conditions, complying with the formalities prescribed for amending our Bylaws.

Redemption of shares may only occur according to the terms set forth when they are issued. Redeemable shares must be fully paid-up at the time of their subscription. If the redemption right was attributed exclusively to the issuer, it may not be enforced until three years have elapsed since the issue. Redemption of redeemable shares must be charged to earnings or to free reserves or be made with the proceeds of a new share issue made under a resolution from the general shareholders’ meeting or, as the case may be, from the Board of Directors, for the purpose of financing the redemption transaction. If the redemption of these shares is charged to earnings or to free reserves, the Company must set up a reserve for the amount of the nominal value of the shares redeemed. If the redemption is not charged to earnings or free reserves or made with the proceeds of the issuance of new shares, it may only be carried out under the requirements established for the reduction of share capital by refunding contributions.

Holders of non-voting shares, if issued, are entitled to receive a minimum fixed or variable annual dividend, as resolved by the general shareholders’ meeting and/or the Board of Directors at the time of deciding to issue the shares. The right of non-voting shares to accumulate unpaid dividends whenever funds to pay dividends are not available, any preemptive subscription rights associated with non-voting shares, and the ability of holders of non-voting shares to recover voting rights also must be established at the time of deciding to issue the shares. Once the minimum dividend has been agreed upon, holders of non-voting shares will be entitled to the same dividend as holders of ordinary shares.

Certain Provisions Regarding Shareholders Rights

As of the date of the filing of this Annual Report, our capital is comprised of one class of ordinary shares, all of which have the same rights.

Once the allocation requirements established by law and in our Bylaws have been covered, dividends may be paid out to shareholders and charged to the year’s profit or to unrestricted reserves, in proportion to the capital they may have paid up, provided the value of the total net assets is not, or as a result of such distribution would not be, less than the share capital. Shareholders will participate in the distribution of earnings in proportion to their capital paid-up. The right to collect a dividend lapses after five years as of the date in which it was first available to the shareholders. Shareholders also have the right to participate in proportion to their capital paid-up in any distribution of net assets resulting from our liquidation. For more information regarding dividends see “Item 4. Information on the Company – Business Overview – Supervision and Regulation – Dividends”.

Each voting share will confer the right to one vote on the holder present or represented at the general shareholders’ meeting. However, unpaid shares with respect to which a shareholder is in default of the resolutions of the Board of Directors relating to their payment will not be entitled to vote. Our Bylaws contain no provisions regarding cumulative voting.

Our Bylaws do not contain any provisions relating to sinking funds or potential liability of shareholders to further capital calls by us.

Our Bylaws do not establish that special quorums are required to change the rights of shareholders. Under Spanish law, the rights of shareholders may only be changed by an amendment to the Bylaws that complies with the requirements explained below under “—Shareholders’ Meetings”, plus the affirmative vote of the majority of the shares of the class that will be affected by the amendment.

Shareholders’ Meetings

The annual general shareholders’ meeting has its own set of regulations on issues such as how it operates and what rights shareholders enjoy regarding general meetings. These establish the possibility of exercising or delegating votes over remote communication media.

 

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General shareholders’ meetings may be annual or extraordinary. The annual general shareholders’ meeting is held within the first six months of each year. It will give approval, among other things and where applicable, to the corporate management of the Company and the financial statements for the previous year and resolve as to the allocation of profits or losses. Extraordinary general shareholders’ meetings are those meetings that are not ordinary. In any case, the requirements mentioned below for constitution and adoption of resolutions are applicable to both categories of general shareholders’ meetings.

General shareholders’ meetings will be called at the initiative of and according to the agenda determined by the Board of Directors, whenever it deems necessary or advisable for the Company’s interests, and in any case on the dates or in the periods determined by law and the Company Bylaws, or upon the request of one or several shareholders representing at least three percent of our share capital.

Our general shareholders’ meeting Regulations establish that annual and extraordinary general shareholders’ meetings must be called within the notice period required by law. This will be done by means of an announcement published by the Board of Directors or its proxy in the Official Gazette of the Companies Registry (“BORME”) or one of the most widely disseminated daily newspapers in Spain within the notice period required by law, as well as being disseminated on the CNMV (the Spanish Securities Market Commission) website and the Company website, except when legal provisions establish other media for disseminating the notice.

The Company’s general shareholders’ meetings may be attended by anyone owning the minimum number of shares established in our Bylaws (500), provided that their holding is registered in the corresponding accounting records five days before the meeting is scheduled and that they keep at least that same number of shares until the meeting is held. Holders of fewer shares may group together until they make up at least that number, appointing a representative.

General shareholders’ meetings will be validly constituted at first summons with the presence of at least 25% of our voting capital, either in person or by proxy. No minimum quorum is required to hold a general shareholders’ meeting at second summons. In either case, resolutions will be agreed by the majority of the votes. However, a general shareholders’ meeting will only be validly held with the presence of 50% of our voting capital at first summons or of 25% of the voting capital at second summons, in the case of resolutions concerning the following matters:

 

    debt issuances;

 

    share capital increases or decreases;

 

    the exclusion or limitation of the pre-emptive subscription rights over new shares;

 

    transformation, merger of BBVA or spin-off and global assignment of assets and liabilities;

 

    the off-shoring of domicile, and

 

    any other amendment to the Bylaws.

In these cases, resolutions may only be approved with the vote of the absolute majority of the shares if at least 50% of the voting capital is present or represented at the general shareholders’ meeting. If the voting capital present or represented at the meeting at second summons is less than 50% (but over 25%), then resolutions may only be adopted by two-thirds of the shares present or represented.

Additionally, our Bylaws state that, in order to adopt resolutions approving the replacement of the corporate purpose, the transformation, total spin-off, the winding up of BBVA and amending that paragraph of the relevant article of our Bylaws, two-thirds of the subscribed voting capital must attend the general shareholders’ meeting at first summons, or 60% of that capital at second summons.

 

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Restrictions on the Ownership of Shares

Our Bylaws do not provide for any restrictions on the ownership of our ordinary shares. Spanish law, however, provides for certain restrictions which are described below under “— Exchange Controls—Restrictions on Acquisitions of Shares”.

Restrictions on Foreign Investments

The Spanish Stock Exchanges are open to foreign investors. Investments in shares of Spanish companies by foreign entities or individuals may be freely executed but require the notification to the Spanish Foreign Investment Authorities for administrative statistical and economical purposes. See “— Exchange Controls”. In addition, they are subject to certain restrictions and requirements which are also applicable to investments by domestic entities or individuals.

Current Spanish regulations provide that foreign investors may freely transfer out of Spain any amounts of invested capital, capital gains and dividends subject to applicable taxes. See “— Exchange Controls”.

C. Material Contracts

Shareholders’ Agreement in Connection with Garanti

On November 1, 2010, in connection with the acquisition of our initial stake in Garanti, we entered into a shareholders’ agreement with Doğuş, which was subsequently amended and restated on November 19, 2014. The amended and restated shareholders’ agreement ceased to be in effect upon the closing, on March 22, 2017, of our acquisition of an additional 9.95% stake in Garanti.

While the amended and restated shareholders’ agreement allowed BBVA to appoint the Chairman of Garanti’s board of directors, the majority of its members and Garanti’s CEO, it also provided for a list of reserved matters which had to be implemented or approved (either at a meeting of the shareholders or of the board) with each party’s consent. For example, Doğuş’ consent was necessary to approve any decisions in connection with the disposal or discontinuance of, or material changes to, any line of business or business entity within the Garanti group that had a value in excess of 25% of the Garanti group’s total net assets, in one financial year. In addition, the amended and restated shareholders’ agreement provided for certain rights of first offer, tag-along rights and a lock-up period in respect of Garanti shares owned by Doğuş. Moreover, the parties agreed to seek to maintain Garanti’s listing on the Istanbul Exchange and to distribute at least 25% of Garanti’s distributable profits as long as they held a certain stake in Garanti.

D. Exchange Controls

In 1991, Spain adopted the EU Standards for free movement of capital and services. As a result, foreign investors may transfer invested capital, capital gains and dividends out of Spain without limitation as to amount, subject to applicable taxes. See “—Taxation”.

Pursuant to Spanish Law 18/1992 on Foreign Investments and Royal Decree 664/1999 on the Applicable rules to Foreign Investments, foreign investors may freely invest in shares of Spanish companies except in the case of certain strategic industries.

Notwithstanding this, Royal Decree 664/1999 and Law 19/2003, on exchange controls and foreign transactions, require notification of all foreign investments in Spain and liquidations of such investments upon completion of such investments to the Investments Registry of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for administrative statistical and economical purposes. Shares in listed Spanish companies acquired or held by foreign investors must be reported to the Spanish Registry of Foreign Investments by the depositary bank or relevant Iberclear member. When a foreign investor acquires shares that are subject to the reporting requirements of the CNMV regarding significant stakes, notice must be given directly by the foreign investor to the relevant authorities.

Moreover, investments by foreigners domiciled in enumerated tax haven jurisdictions, under Royal Decree 1080/1991, are subject to special reporting requirements.

In certain circumstances and following a specific procedure, the Council of Ministers may agree to suspend the application of Royal Decree 664/1999, if the investments, due to their nature, form or condition, affect or may potentially affect activities relating to the exercise of public powers, national security or public health. Law 19/2003 authorizes the Spanish Government to take measures to impose specific limits or prohibitions, related to third countries, when such measures have been previously approved by the European Union or by an international organization to which Spain is member. Should such regimes be suspended, the affected investor shall obtain prior administrative authorization.

Restrictions on Acquisitions of Shares

Pursuant to Spanish Law 10/2014, any individual or corporation, acting alone or in concert with others, intending to directly or indirectly acquire a significant holding in a Spanish financial institution (as defined in article 16 of the aforementioned Law 10/2014) or to directly or indirectly increase its holding in one in such a way that either the percentage of voting rights or of capital owned were equal to or exceed 20%, 30% or 50%, or by virtue of the acquisition, might take control over the financial institution, must first notify the Bank of Spain.

 

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For the purpose of this Law, a significant participation is considered 10% of the outstanding share capital of a financial institution or a lower percentage if such holding allows for the exercise of a significant influence.

The Bank of Spain will be responsible for evaluating the proposed transaction, in accordance with the terms established by Royal Decree 84/2015, of February 13, (as stated in Article 25.1 of said Royal Decree 84/2015) in order to guarantee the sound and prudent operation on the target financial institution. The Bank of Spain will submit a proposition before the European Central Bank, which will be in charge of deciding upon the proposed transaction in the term of 60 working days after the date on which the notification was received.

Any acquisition without such prior notification, or before the period established in the Royal Decree 84/2015 has elapsed or against the objection of the Bank of Spain, will produce the following results:

 

    the acquired shares will have no voting rights;

 

    if considered appropriate, the target bank may be taken over or its directors replaced; and

 

    the sanctions established in Title IV of Law 10/2014.

Regarding the transparency of listed companies, Law 6/2007 amended the Securities Markets Act on takeover bids and transparency requirements for issuers. The transparency requirements have been further developed by Royal Decree 1362/2007 developing the Securities Markets Act on transparency requirement for issuers of listed securities, specifically information on significant stakes, reducing the communication threshold to 3%, and extending the disclosure obligations to the acquisition or transfer of financial instruments that grant rights to acquire shares with voting rights. For more information see “Item 9. The Offer and Listing—Offer and Listing Details — Reporting Requirements”.

Tender Offers

The Spanish legal regime concerning takeover bids, which reflects the related EU regulation (mainly Directive 2004/25/EC), is set forth in Royal Decree 4/2015, of October 23, approving the restated text of the Securities Market Act, and Royal Decree 1066/2007, of July 29, on takeover bids.

E. Taxation

Spanish Tax Considerations

The following is a summary of the material Spanish tax consequences to U.S. Residents (as defined below) of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of BBVA’s ADSs or ordinary shares as of the date of the filing of this Annual Report. This summary does not address all tax considerations that may be relevant to all categories of potential purchasers, some of whom (such as life insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, dealers in securities or financial institutions) may be subject to special rules. In particular, the summary deals only with the U.S. Holders (as defined below) that will hold ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets and who do not at any time own individually, and are not treated as owning, 25% or more of BBVA’s shares, including ADSs.

As used in this particular section, the following terms have the following meanings:

(1) “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of BBVA’s ADSs or ordinary shares that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

 

    a citizen or an individual resident of the United States,

 

    a corporation or other entity treated as a corporation, created or organized under the laws of the United States, any state therein or the District of Columbia, or

 

    an estate or trust the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source.

 

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(2) “Treaty” means the Convention between the United States and the Kingdom of Spain for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, together with a related Protocol.

(3) “U.S. Resident” means a U.S. Holder that is a resident of the United States for the purposes of the Treaty and entitled to the benefits of the Treaty, whose holding is not effectively connected with (1) a permanent establishment in Spain through which such holder carries on or has carried on business, or (2) a fixed base in Spain from which such holder performs or has performed independent personal services.

Holders of ADSs or ordinary shares should consult their tax advisors, particularly as to the applicability of any tax treaty. The statements regarding Spanish tax laws set out below are based on interpretations of those laws in force as of the date of this Annual Report. Such statements also assume that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in full accordance with the terms of those agreements.

Taxation of Dividends

Under Spanish law, cash dividends paid by BBVA to a holder of ordinary shares or ADSs who is not resident in Spain for tax purposes and does not operate through a permanent establishment in Spain, are subject to Spanish Non-Resident Income Tax, withheld at source at a 19% tax rate. For these purposes, upon distribution of the dividend, BBVA or its paying agent will withhold an amount equal to the tax due according to the rules set forth above (applying a withholding tax rate of 19%), transferring the resulting net amount to the depositary.

However, under the Treaty, if you are a U.S. Resident, you are entitled to a reduced withholding tax rate of 15%. To benefit from the Treaty-reduced rate of 15%, if you are a U.S. Resident, you must provide to BBVA through our paying agent depositary, before the tenth day following the end of the month in which the dividends were payable, a certificate from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) stating that, to the best knowledge of the IRS, you are a resident of the United States within the meaning of the Treaty and entitled to its benefits.

If the paying agent depositary provides timely evidence (i.e., by means of the IRS certificate) of your right to apply the Treaty-reduced rate it will immediately receive the surplus amount withheld, which will be credited to you. The IRS certificate is valid for a period of one year from issuance.

To help shareholders obtain such certificates, BBVA has set up an online procedure to make this as easy as possible.

If the certificate referred to in the above paragraph is not provided to us through our paying agent depositary within said term, you may afterwards obtain a refund of the amount withheld in excess of the rate provided for in the Treaty.

Scrip Dividend

As described under “Item 4. Information on the Company— Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends—Scrip Dividend”, the BBVA annual shareholders’ general meeting held on March 17, 2017, passed a resolution adopting a capital increase to be charged to voluntary reserves for the implementation of a “Dividend Option” during 2017. This remuneration scheme offers the shareholders the possibility of electing how they would like to receive their remuneration: in cash or in newly issued ordinary shares.

Pursuant to the terms of the “Dividend Option” program, upon its implementation, the shareholders will receive one right of free allocation for each share of BBVA that they hold as of a given record date. These rights will be tradable on the Spanish Stock Exchanges for a minimum period of 15 natural days. BBVA will undertake to purchase the rights of free allocation tendered by the shareholders to it during a certain period of time at a fixed price, subject to the conditions that may be imposed each time the “Dividend Option” program is implemented. This fixed price will be the result of dividing the Reference Price (as defined below) by the number of rights necessary to receive one new share plus one. At the end of the tradable period of the rights of free allocation, the rights not validly tendered to BBVA will be automatically converted into newly-issued ordinary shares of the Company. The number of rights necessary for the allocation of one new share and the total number of shares to be issued by BBVA will depend, amongst other factors, on the arithmetic mean of the weighted average prices of BBVA’s shares on the Spanish Stock Exchanges over the five trading sessions immediately prior to the Board of Directors’ resolution concerning the execution of the relevant capital increase to be charged to reserves (the “Reference Price”).

 

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Consequently, when each of the capital increases implementing the “Dividend Option” scheme is executed, the shareholders of BBVA will have the option to freely choose among:

 

  a) Not transferring their rights of free allocation. In this case, at the end of the trading period, the shareholders will receive the number of newly issued paid-up ordinary shares to which they are entitled. For tax purposes, the vesting of free-of-charge shares does not comprise income for the purposes of the Spanish Non-Residents’ Income Tax, whether or not non-residents act through a permanent establishment in Spain.

The acquisition value of both the new shares received as a consequence of each capital increase and the shares from which they originate will result from distributing the total cost among the number of shares (both old and those issued as free-of-charge shares). Such free-of-charge shares will be deemed to have been held for as long as the shares from which they originate.

 

  b) To transfer all or some of their rights of free allocation on the market at the price at which those rights are traded at that moment. In this case, the amount obtained from the transfer of such rights on the market will, in general, be subject to the following tax treatment:

1. Until December 31, 2016:

For purposes of the Spanish Non-Residents’ Income Tax, when the transaction is carried out without a permanent establishment, the amount obtained from the transfer of the rights of free allocation on the market will be subject to the same tax treatment as pre-emptive subscription rights. Accordingly, for tax purposes, the amount obtained from the transfer of the rights of free allocation is subtracted from the acquisition value of the shares from which these rights originate, pursuant to article 37.1.a) of Law 35/2006, of November 28, on Personal Income Tax (Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas—From January 1, 2017, article 37.1.a) of Law 35/2016 has been modified (by virtue of Sixth Final Disposition, Law 26/2014)), which partially amends the Acts on Corporate Income Tax, Non-Residents’ Income Tax and Wealth Tax.

Thus, only if the amount obtained from the aforementioned transfer exceeds the acquisition value of the shares from which they originate, will the difference be considered a capital gain for the transferor in the tax period in which the transfer takes place.

2. From January 1, 2017:

For purposes of the Spanish Non-Residents Income Tax, when the transaction is carried out without a permanent establishment, the amount obtained from the transfer of the rights of free allocation on the market will be considered a capital gain for the transferor in the tax period in which the transfer takes place. Such amount will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 19%.

 

  c) To transfer all or some of their rights of free allocation to BBVA under the purchase commitment assumed by the Bank. The tax treatment applicable to the amount obtained in the transfer to the Company of the rights of free allocation due to the shareholders’ status as such, will be equivalent to the tax treatment applicable to dividends directly distributed in cash and, consequently, such amount will be subject to the corresponding withholding tax (currently, 19%).

It should be borne in mind that this analysis does not cover all the possible tax consequences. Therefore, shareholders are advised to consult with their tax advisors.

Spanish Refund Procedure

According to Spanish Regulations on Non-Resident Income Tax, approved by Royal Decree 1776/2004 dated July 30, 2004, as amended, a refund for the amount withheld in excess of the Treaty-reduced rate can be obtained from the relevant Spanish tax authorities. To pursue the refund claim, if you are a U.S. Resident, you are required to file:

 

    the corresponding Spanish tax form,

 

    the certificate referred to in the preceding section, and

 

    evidence of the Spanish Non-Resident Income Tax that was withheld with respect to you.

 

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The refund claim must be filed within four years from the date in which the withheld tax was collected by the Spanish tax authorities, but not before February 1, of the following year.

U.S. Residents are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding refund procedures and any U.S. tax implications thereof.

U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of, and the procedures to be followed in connection with, this exemption.

Taxation of Rights

Distribution of preemptive rights to subscribe for new shares made with respect to your shares in BBVA will not be treated as income under Spanish law and, therefore, will not be subject to Spanish Non-Resident Income Tax. The exercise of such preemptive rights is not considered a taxable event under Spanish law and thus is not subject to Spanish tax. Capital gains derived from the disposition of preemptive rights received by U.S. Residents are generally not taxed in Spain provided that certain conditions are met (see “— Taxation of Capital Gains” below).

Taxation of Capital Gains

Under Spanish law, any capital gains derived from securities issued by persons residing in Spain for tax purposes are considered to be Spanish-source income and, therefore, are taxable in Spain. For Spanish tax purposes, gain recognized by you, if you are a U.S. Resident, from the sale of BBVA’s ADSs or ordinary shares will be treated as capital gains. Spanish Non-Resident Income Tax is currently levied at a 19% tax rate, on capital gains recognized by persons who are not residents of Spain for tax purposes, who are not entitled to the benefit of any applicable treaty for the avoidance of double taxation and who do not operate through a fixed base or a permanent establishment in Spain.

Notwithstanding the discussion above, capital gains derived from the transfer of shares on an official Spanish secondary stock market by any holder who is resident in a country that has entered into a treaty for the avoidance of double taxation with an “exchange of information” clause (the Treaty contains such a clause) will be exempt from taxation in Spain. Additionally, capital gains realized by non-residents of Spain who are entitled to the benefit of an applicable treaty for the avoidance of double taxation will, in the majority of cases, not be taxed in Spain (since most tax treaties provide for taxation only in the taxpayer’s country of residence). If you are a U.S. Resident, under the Treaty, capital gains arising from the disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs will not be taxed in Spain. You will be required to establish that you are entitled to this exemption by providing to the relevant Spanish tax authorities a certificate of residence in the United States from the IRS (discussed above in “— Taxation of Dividends”), together with the corresponding Spanish tax form.

Spanish Inheritance and Gift Taxes

Transfers of BBVA’s shares or ADSs upon death or by gift to individuals are subject to Spanish inheritance and gift taxes (Spanish Law 29/1987), if the transferee is a resident in Spain for tax purposes, or if BBVA’s shares or ADSs are located in Spain, regardless of the residence of the transferee. In this regard, the Spanish tax authorities may argue that all shares of a Spanish corporation and all ADSs representing such shares are located in Spain for Spanish tax purposes. The applicable tax rate for individuals, after applying all relevant factors, ranges between approximately 7.65% and 81.6% under Spanish Law 29/1987. After determining the tax rate, some multipliers, that range from 1.0 to 2.4, are applied in order to assess the tax due. Those multipliers take into account the preexisting wealth of the inheritor / donee, and the kinship with the deceased / donor.

Corporations that are non-residents of Spain that receive BBVA’s shares or ADSs as a gift are subject to Spanish Non-Resident Income Tax at a 19% tax rate on the fair market value of such ordinary shares or ADSs as a capital gain tax. If the donee is a U.S. resident corporation, the exclusions available under the Treaty described in “— Taxation of Capital Gains” above will be applicable.

Spanish Transfer Tax

Transfers of BBVA’s ordinary shares or ADSs will be exempt from Transfer Tax (Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Patrimoniales) or Value-Added Tax. Additionally, no stamp duty will be levied on such transfers.

 

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U.S. Tax Considerations

The following summary describes material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, but it does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s decision to hold the securities. The summary applies only to U.S. Holders that are eligible for the benefits of the Treaty (in each case, as defined under “Spanish Tax Considerations” above) and that hold ADSs or ordinary shares as capital assets for tax purposes and does not address all of the tax consequences, including the potential application of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), known as the Medicare contribution tax, and tax consequences that may be relevant to holders subject to special rules, such as:

 

    certain financial institutions;

 

    dealers or traders in securities who use a mark-to-market method of accounting;

 

    persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares as part of a hedging transaction, straddle, wash sale, conversion transaction or integrated transaction or persons entering into a constructive sale with respect to the ADSs or ordinary shares;

 

    persons whose “functional currency” for U.S. federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;

 

    persons liable for the alternative minimum tax;

 

    tax-exempt entities;

 

    partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

    persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside of the United States;

 

    persons who acquired our ADSs or ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; or

 

    persons who own or are deemed to own 10% or more of our voting shares.

If an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds ADSs or ordinary shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding ADSs or ordinary shares and partners in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the ADSs or ordinary shares.

The summary is based upon the tax laws of the United States, including the Code, the Treaty, administrative pronouncements, judicial decisions and final, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, all as of the date hereof. These laws are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. In addition, the summary is based in part on representations by the depositary and assumes that each obligation provided for in or otherwise contemplated by BBVA’s deposit agreement and any other related document will be performed in accordance with its terms. Prospective purchasers of the ADSs or ordinary shares are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the U.S., Spanish or other tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares in their particular circumstances, including the effect of any U.S. state or local tax laws.

In general, for United States federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder who owns ADSs will be treated as the owner of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs. Accordingly, no gain or loss will be recognized if a U.S. Holder exchanges ADSs for the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs.

The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom American depositary shares are released before shares are delivered to the depositary, or intermediaries in the chain of ownership between holders and the issuer of the security underlying the American depositary shares, may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. holders of American depositary shares. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, as described below. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Spanish taxes and the availability of the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, each described below, could be affected by future actions that may be taken by such parties.

 

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This discussion assumes that BBVA is not, and will not become, a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) (as discussed below).

Taxation of Distributions

Distributions, before reduction for any Spanish income tax withheld by BBVA or its paying agent, made with respect to ADSs or ordinary shares (other than certain pro rata distributions of ordinary shares or rights to subscribe for ordinary shares of BBVA’s capital stock) will be includible in the income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income, to the extent paid out of BBVA’s current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles. Because we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, it is expected that distributions generally will be reported to U.S. Holders as dividends. The amount of such dividends will generally be treated as foreign-source dividend income and will not be eligible for the “dividends-received deduction” generally allowed to U.S. corporations under the Code. Subject to applicable limitations and the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders will be taxable as “qualified dividend income” and therefore will be taxable at favorable rates applicable to long-term capital gains. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors to determine the availability of these favorable rates in their particular circumstances.

The amount of dividend income will equal the U.S. dollar value of the euro received, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt (which, for U.S. Holders of ADSs, will be the date such distribution is received by the depositary), whether or not the depositary or U.S. Holder in fact converts any euro received into U.S. dollars at that time. If the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a U.S. Holder should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividend income. A U.S. Holder may have foreign currency gain or loss if the dividend is converted into U.S. dollars after the date of receipt.

A scrip dividend (such as a dividend distributed under the “Dividend Option” program, described in “Item 4. Information on the Company—Business Overview—Supervision and Regulation—Dividends—Scrip Dividend”) will be taxed in the same manner as a distribution of cash, regardless of whether a U.S. Holder elects to receive the dividend in shares rather than cash. If the U.S. Holder elects to receive the dividend in shares, the U.S. Holder will be treated as having received a distribution equal to the U.S. dollar fair market value of the shares on the date of distribution. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such shares received will be equal to the U.S. dollar fair market value of the shares on the date of distribution and the holding period for such shares will begin on the day following the distribution.

Subject to applicable limitations that vary depending upon a U.S. Holder’s circumstances and subject to the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, a U.S. Holder will be entitled to a credit against its U.S. federal income tax liability for Spanish income taxes withheld by BBVA or its paying agent at a rate not exceeding the rate the U.S. Holder is entitled to under the Treaty. Spanish taxes withheld in excess of the rate applicable under the Treaty will not be eligible for credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. See “Spanish Tax Considerations–Taxation of Dividends” for a discussion of how to obtain the Treaty rate. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and, therefore, U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits in their particular circumstances. Instead of claiming a credit, the U.S. Holder may, at its election, deduct such Spanish taxes in computing its U.S. federal taxable income. An election to deduct foreign taxes instead of claiming foreign tax credits must apply to all taxes paid or accrued in the taxable year to foreign countries and possessions of the United States.

Sale or Other Disposition of ADSs or Shares

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares will be capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ADSs or ordinary shares disposed of and the amount realized on the disposition, in each case as determined in U.S. dollars. Such gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder held the ordinary shares or ADSs for more than one year at the time of disposition. Gain or loss, if any, will generally be U.S. source for foreign tax credit purposes. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

 

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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

Based upon certain proposed Treasury regulations which are proposed to be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1994 (“Proposed Regulations”), we believe that we were not a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our 2016 taxable year. However, since our PFIC status depends upon the composition of our income and assets and the market value of our assets (including, among others, less than 25% owned equity investments) from time to time and since there is no guarantee that the Proposed Regulations will be adopted in their current form and because the manner of the application of the Proposed Regulations is not entirely clear, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year.

If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held ADSs or ordinary shares, gain recognized by such U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition (including certain pledges) of an ADS or an ordinary share would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADS or the ordinary share. The amounts allocated to the taxable year of the sale or other exchange and to any year before we became a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each other taxable year would be subject to tax at the highest rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable for that taxable year, and an interest charge would be imposed on the amount of tax allocated to such taxable year. The same treatment would apply to any distribution received by a U.S. Holder on its ordinary shares or ADSs to the extent that such distribution exceeds 125% of the average of the annual distributions on the ordinary shares or ADSs received during the preceding three years or the U.S. Holder’s holding period, whichever is shorter. In addition, if we were a PFIC or, with respect to a particular U.S. Holder, were treated as a PFIC for the taxable year in which we paid a dividend or the prior taxable year, the favorable tax rates discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. Holders would not apply. Certain elections may be available (including a mark-to-market election) that may provide alternative tax treatments. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding whether we are or were a PFIC, the potential application of the PFIC rules to their ownership and disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs, whether any of these elections for alternative treatment would be available and, if so, what the consequences of the alternative treatments would be in their particular circumstances. If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owned our shares, the U.S. Holder would generally be required to file IRS Form 8621 with their annual U.S. federal income tax returns, subject to certain exceptions.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments of dividends on, and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of, ADSs or ordinary shares. A U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. backup withholding on these payments if the U.S. Holder fails to provide its taxpayer identification number to the paying agent and comply with certain certification procedures or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals or entities closely-held by individuals may be required to report information relating to securities of non-U.S. companies, or accounts through which they are held, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for securities held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions). U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of these rules on their ownership or disposition of ordinary shares or ADSs.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not Applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not Applicable.

 

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H. Documents on Display

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, except that as a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the proxy rules or the short-swing profit disclosure rules of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these statutory requirements, we file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC. Reports and other information filed or furnished by BBVA with the SEC may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material may also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 11 Wall Street, New York, New York 10005, on which BBVA’s ADSs are listed. In addition, the SEC maintains a web site that contains information filed or furnished electronically with the SEC, which can be accessed over the internet at http://www.sec.gov.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not Applicable.

 

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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Trading Portfolio Activities

Market risk originates as a result of movements in the market variables that impact the valuation of traded financial products and assets. The main risks can be classified as follows:

 

    Interest rate risk: This arises as a result of exposure to movements in the different interest-rate curves involved in trading. Although the typical products that generate sensitivity to the movements in interest rates are money-market products (deposits, interest-rate futures, call money swaps, etc.) and traditional interest-rate derivatives (swaps and interest-rate options such as caps, floors, swaptions, etc.), practically all the financial products are exposed to interest-rate movements due to the effect that such movements have on the valuation of the financial discount.

 

    Equity risk: This arises as a result of movements in share prices. This risk is generated in spot positions in shares or any derivative products whose underlying asset is a share or an equity index. Dividend risk is a sub-risk of equity risk, arising as an input for any equity option. Its variation may affect the valuation of positions and it is therefore a factor that generates risk on the books.

 

    Exchange rate risk: This is caused by movements in the exchange rates of the different currencies in which a position is held. As in the case of equity risk, this risk is generated in spot currency positions, and in any derivative product whose underlying asset is an exchange rate. In addition, the quanto effect (operations where the underlying asset and the instrument itself are denominated in different currencies) means that in certain transactions in which the underlying asset is not a currency, an exchange-rate risk is generated that has to be measured and monitored.

 

    Credit-spread risk: Credit spread is an indicator of an issuer’s credit quality. Spread risk occurs due to variations in the levels of spread of both corporate and government issues, and affects positions in bonds and credit derivatives.

 

    Volatility risk: This occurs as a result of changes in the levels of implied price volatility of the different market instruments on which derivatives are traded. This risk, unlike the others, is exclusively a component of trading in derivatives and is defined as a first-order convexity risk that is generated in all possible underlying assets in which there are products with options that require a volatility input for their valuation.

We believe the metrics developed to control and monitor market risk in the BBVA Group are aligned with best practices in the market, and they are implemented consistently across all the local market risk units.

Measurement procedures are established in terms of the possible impact of negative market conditions on the trading portfolio of the Group’s Global Markets units, both under ordinary circumstances and in situations of heightened risk factors.

The standard metric used to measure market risk is Value at Risk (“VaR”), which indicates the maximum loss that may occur in the portfolios at a given confidence level (99%) and time horizon (one day). This statistic value is widely used in the market and has the advantage of summing up in a single metric the risks inherent to trading activity, taking into account how they are related and providing a prediction of the loss that the trading book could sustain as a result of fluctuations in equity prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. The market risk analysis considers various risks, such as credit spread, basis risk, volatility and correlation risk.

 

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Headings of the balance sheet subject to VaR measurement

Most of the headings on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet subject to market risk are positions whose main metric for measuring their market risk is VaR. This table shows the accounting lines of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 in which there is a market risk in trading activity subject to this measurement.

 

     Main market risk metrics  
     VaR      Other
metrics(*)
 
     (In millions of Euros)  

Assets subject to market risk

     

Financial assets held for trading

     64,623        1,480  

Available for sale financial assets

     7,119        28,771  

Of which:

     —          3,559  

Hedging derivatives

     1,041        1,415  

Liabilities subject to market risk

     

Financial liabilities held for trading

     47,491        2,223  

Hedging derivatives

     1,305        689  

 

(*) Includes mainly assets and liabilities managed by ALCO.

Although the table above provides information on the financial positions subject to market risk, such information is provided for information purposes only and does not reflect how market risk in trading activity is managed.

With respect to the risk measurement models used by the BBVA Group, the Bank of Spain has authorized the use of the internal model to determine bank capital requirements deriving from risk positions on the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. and BBVA Bancomer trading book, which jointly account for around 66% of the Group’s trading-book market risk. For the rest of the geographical areas (mainly South America subsidiaries, Garanti and BBVA Compass), bank capital for the risk positions in the trading book is calculated using the standard model.

The current management structure includes the monitoring of market-risk limits, consisting of a scheme of limits based on VaR, economic capital (based on VaR measurements) and VaR sub-limits, as well as stop-loss limits for each of the Group’s business units.

The model used estimates VaR in accordance with the “historical simulation” methodology, which involves estimating losses and gains that would have taken place in the current portfolio if the changes in market conditions that took place over a specific period of time in the past were repeated. Based on this information, it infers the maximum expected loss of the current portfolio within a given confidence level. This model has the advantage of reflecting precisely the historical distribution of the market variables and not assuming any specific distribution of probability. The historical period used in this model is two years. The historical simulation method is used in Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A., BBVA Bancomer, BBVA Chile, BBVA Colombia, BBVA Compass and Garanti.

 

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VaR figures are estimated following two methodologies:

 

    VaR without smoothing, which awards equal weight to the daily information for the previous two years. This is currently the official methodology for measuring market risks for the purpose of monitoring compliance with risk limits.

 

    VaR with smoothing, which gives a greater weight to more recent market information. This metric supplements the previous one.

In the case of South America subsidiaries (except BBVA Chile and BBVA Colombia), a parametric methodology is used to measure risk in terms of VaR.

At the same time, and following the guidelines established by the Spanish and European authorities, BBVA incorporates metrics in addition to VaR with the aim of meeting the Bank of Spain’s regulatory requirements with respect to the calculation of bank capital for the trading book. Specifically, the new measures incorporated in the Group since December 2011 (stipulated by Basel 2.5) are:

 

    VaR-: In regulatory terms, the VaR charge incorporates the stressed VaR charge, and the sum of the two (VaR and stressed VaR) is calculated. This quantifies the losses associated with the movements of the two risk factors inherent to market operations (including interest rates, exchange rates, equity risk and credit spread). Both VaR and stressed VaR are rescaled by a regulatory multiplier set at three and by the square root of ten to calculate the capital charge.

 

    Specific Risk- Incremental Risk Capital (“IRC”) Quantification of the risks of default and downgrading of the credit ratings of the bond and credit derivative positions in the portfolio. The specific capital risk by IRC is a charge exclusively used in the geographical areas with the internal model approved (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. and BBVA Bancomer). The capital charge is determined according to the associated losses (calculated at a 99.9% confidence level over a one year horizon under the hypothesis of constant risk) due to the rating migration and/or default of the issuer with respect to an asset. In addition, the price risk is included in sovereign positions for the specified items.

 

    Specific Risk- Securitization and correlation portfolios. Capital charges for securitizations and the correlation portfolios are assessed based on the potential losses associated with the rating level of a specific credit structure (rating). Both are calculated by the standard method. The scope of the correlation portfolios refers to the FTD-type market operation and/or tranches of market CDOs and only for positions with an active market and hedging capacity.

Validity tests are performed regularly on the risk measurement models used by the Group. They estimate the maximum loss that could have been incurred in the assessed positions with a certain level of probability (backtesting), as well as measurements of the impact of extreme market events on risk positions (stress testing). As an additional control measure, backtesting is conducted at trading desk level in order to enable more specific monitoring of the validity of the measurement models.

Market risk in 2016

The Group’s market risk remains at low levels compared with the risk aggregates managed by BBVA, particularly in terms of credit risk. This is due to the nature of the business. During 2016 the average VaR was €29 million, above the 2015 figure of €24 million, with a high on January 28, 2016 of €38 million. The evolution in the BBVA Group’s market risk during 2016, measured as VaR without smoothing with a 99% confidence level and a one-day horizon (shown in millions of euros) was as follows.

 

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LOGO

By type of market risk assumed by the Group’s trading portfolio, the main risk factor for the Group continued to be that linked to interest rates, with a weight of 58% of the total at the end of 2016 (this figure includes the spread risk). The relative weight has increased compared with the close of 2015 (48%). Exchange-rate risk accounted for 13%, decreasing its proportion with respect to December 31, 2015 (21%), while equity, volatility and correlation risk decreased, with a weight of 29% at the close of 2016 (compared to 32% at the close of 2015).

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the balance of VaR was €26 million, €24 million and €25 million respectively. These figures can be broken down as follows:

 

Risk    December 31, 2016      December 31, 2015      December 31, 2014  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Interest/Spread risk

     29        21        30  

Currency risk

     7        9        5  

Stock-market risk

     2        3        2  

Vega/Correlation risk

     12        11        7  

Diversification effect(*)

     (24      (20      (20

Total

     26        24        25  

VaR average in the period

     29        24        23  

VaR max in the period

     38        30        28  

VaR min in the period

     23        21        20  

 

(*) The diversification effect is the difference between the sum of the average individual risk factors and the total VaR figure that includes the implied correlation between all the variables and scenarios used in the measurement.

Validation of the internal market risk model

The internal market risk model is validated on a regular basis by backtesting in both Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. and BBVA Bancomer.

The aim of backtesting is to validate the quality and precision of the internal market risk model used by the BBVA Group to estimate the maximum daily loss of a portfolio, at a 99% level of confidence and a 250-day time horizon, by comparing the Group’s results and the risk measurements generated by the internal market risk model.

 

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These tests showed that the internal market risk model of both Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and BBVA Bancomer is adequate and precise.

Two types of backtesting have been carried out during the year 2016:

 

    “Hypothetical” backtesting: the daily VaR is compared with the results obtained, not taking into account the intraday results or the changes in the portfolio positions. This validates the appropriateness of the market risk metrics for the end-of-day position.

 

    “Real” backtesting: the daily VaR is compared with the total results, including intraday transactions, but discounting the possible minimum charges or fees involved. This type of backtesting includes the intraday risk in portfolios.

In addition, each of these two types of backtesting was carried out at the level of risk factor or business type, thus making a deeper comparison of the results with respect to risk measurements.

During 2016, the backtesting of the internal VaR calculation model was carried out, comparing the daily results obtained with the risk level estimated by the internal VaR calculation model. At the end of the year the comparison showed the internal VaR calculation model was working correctly, within the “green” zone (0-4 exceptions), thus validating the internal VaR calculation model, as has occurred each year since the internal market risk model was approved for the Group.

Stress test analysis

A number of stress tests are carried out on the BBVA Group’s trading portfolios. First, global and local historical scenarios are used that replicate the behavior of an extreme past event, such as for example the collapse of Lehman Brothers or the “Tequilazo” crisis. These stress tests are complemented with simulated scenarios, where the aim is to generate scenarios that have a significant impact on the different portfolios, but without being anchored to any specific historical scenario. Finally, for some portfolios or positions, fixed stress tests are also carried out that have a significant impact on the market variables affecting these positions.

Historical scenarios

The historical benchmark stress scenario for the BBVA Group is Lehman Brothers, whose sudden collapse in September 2008 led to a significant impact on the behavior of financial markets at a global level. The following are the most relevant effects of this historical scenario:

 

    Credit shock: reflected mainly in the increase of credit spreads and downgrades in credit ratings.

 

    Increased volatility in most of the financial markets (giving rise to a great deal of variation in the prices of different assets (currency, equity, debt).

 

    Liquidity shock in the financial systems, reflected by a major movement in interbank curves, particularly in the shortest sections of the euro and dollar curves.

 

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Simulated scenarios

Unlike the historical scenarios, which are fixed and therefore not suited to the composition of the risk portfolio at all times, the scenario used for the exercises of economic stress is based on a resampling methodology. This methodology is based on the use of dynamic scenarios that are recalculated periodically depending on the main risks affecting the trading portfolios. On a data window wide enough to collect different periods of stress (data are taken from January 1, 2008 until the date of the assessment), a simulation is performed by resampling of historic observations, generating a distribution of losses and gains that serve to analyze the most extreme of births in the selected historical window. The advantage of this resampling methodology is that the period of stress is not predetermined, but depends on the portfolio maintained at each time, and making a large number of simulations (10,000 simulations) allows a greater richness of information for the analysis of expected shortfall than what is available in the scenarios included in the calculation of VaR.

The main features of this approach are: a) the generated simulations respect the correlation structure of the data, b) there is flexibility in the inclusion of new risk factors and c) it allows the introduction of a lot of variability in the simulations (desirable for considering extreme events).

Structural Risk — Non-Trading Activities

Structural interest-rate risk

The structural interest-rate risk (“SIRR”) is related to the potential impact that variations in market interest rates have on an entity’s net interest income and equity. In order to properly measure SIRR, BBVA takes into account the main sources that generate this risk: repricing risk, yield curve risk, option risk and basis risk, which are analyzed from two complementary points of view: net interest income (short term) and economic value (long term).

ALCO monitors the interest-rate risk metrics and the Finance department carries out the management proposals for the structural balance sheet. The management objective is to ensure the stability of net interest income and book value in the face of changes in market interest rates, while respecting the internal solvency and limits in the different balance sheets and for BBVA Group as a whole and complying with current and future regulatory requirements.

BBVA’s structural interest-rate risk management control and monitoring is based on a set of metrics and tools aimed to enabling the entity’s risk profile to be monitored correctly. A wide range of scenarios are measured on a regular basis, including sensitivities to parallel movements in the event of different shocks, changes in slope and curve, as well as delayed movements. Other probabilistic metrics based on statistical scenario-simulating methods are also assessed, such as income at risk (“IaR”) and economic capital (“EC”), which are defined as the maximum adverse deviations in net interest income and economic value, respectively, for a given confidence level and time horizon. Impact thresholds are established on these management metrics both in terms of deviations in net interest income and in terms of the impact on economic value. The process is carried out separately for each currency to which the Group is exposed, and the diversification effect between currencies and business units is considered after this.

In order to guarantee its effectiveness, the model is subjected to regular internal validation, which includes backtesting. In addition, the banking books’ interest-rate risk exposures are subjected to different stress tests in order to reveal balance sheet vulnerabilities under extreme scenarios. This testing includes an analysis of adverse macroeconomic scenarios designed specifically by BBVA Research, together with a wide range of potential scenarios that aim to identify interest-rate environments that are particularly damaging for the entity. This is done by generating extreme scenarios of a breakthrough in interest rate levels and historical correlations, giving rise to sudden changes in the slopes and even to inverted curves.

 

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The model is necessarily underpinned by an elaborate set of hypotheses that aim to reproduce the behavior of the balance sheet as closely as possible to reality. Especially relevant among these assumptions are those related to the behavior of “accounts with no explicit maturity”, for which stability and remuneration assumptions are established, consistent with an adequate segmentation by type of product and customer, and prepayment estimates (implicit optionality). The hypotheses are reviewed and adapted at least on an annual basis, to signs of changes in behavior, kept properly documented and reviewed on a regular basis in the internal validation processes.

The impacts on the metrics are assessed both from a point of view of economic value (gone concern) and from the perspective of net interest income, for which a dynamic model (going concern) consistent with the corporate assumptions of earnings forecasts is used.

The table below shows the profile of average sensitivities of net interest income and value of the main regions where the BBVA Group operated in 2016:

 

     Impact on Net Interest Income (*)     Impact on Economic Value(**)  
     100 Basis-Point
Increase
    100 Basis-Point
Decrease
    100 Basis-Point
Increase
    100 Basis-Point
Decrease
 

Europe (***)

     14.12     (7.09 )%      4.90     (3.62 )% 

Mexico

     2.13     (2.02 )%      (4.42 )%      2.55

USA

     8.91     (8.30 )%      0.41     (7.57 )% 

Turkey

     (6.64 )%      4.64     (2.78 )%      3.84

South America

     2.40     (2.41 )%      (2.82 )%      3.04

BBVA Group

     4.15     (2.89 )%      2.69     (2.47 )% 

 

(*) Percentual impact of “1 year” net interest income forecast for each unit.
(**) Percentual impact of core capital for each unit.
(***) In Europe downward movement allowed until more negative level than current rates.

In 2016 monetary policy in Europe has remained expansionary, which pushed interest rates lower, towards more negative levels in short term rates. In the United States, the Federal Reserve’s reference interest rate slowly continued the upward cycle initiated in 2015. While in Mexico, the upward interest rates cycle has intensified given the Mexican peso evolution and the country’s inflation prospects, setting the rates at their highest levels since 2009. In Turkey, the weakness of the Turkish lira has led to a rise in rates in the last quarter of 2016 following declines in the first three quarters. The main economies of South America appear to have completed the cycle of increases initiated at the end of 2015.

The BBVA Group in all its Balance Sheet Management Units (“BSMUs”) maintains a positive sensitivity in its net interest income to an increase in interest rates. The emerging market of Turkey, helps to diversify the Group’s net exposure due to the opposite direction of its position on Europe. Relatively higher sensitivities in the net interest income, are observed in mature markets (Europe and the United States), where, the negative sensitivity in their net interest income to decreases in interest rates is limited by the plausible downward trend in interest rates. The Group maintains a moderate risk profile, according to its target risk, through effective management of its balance sheet structural risk.

Structural exchange-rate risk

In the BBVA Group, structural exchange-rate risk arises from the consolidation of holdings in subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the euro. Its management is centralized in order to optimize the joint handling of permanent foreign currency exposures, taking into account the diversification.

The corporate Assets and Liabilities Management unit, through ALCO, designs and executes hedging strategies with the main purpose of controlling the potential negative effect of exchange-rate fluctuations on capital ratios and on the equivalent value in euros of the foreign-currency earnings of the Group’s subsidiaries, considering transactions according to market expectations and their cost.

 

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The risk monitoring metrics included in the system of limits are integrated into management and supplemented with additional assessment indicators. At corporate level they are based on probabilistic metrics that measure the maximum deviation in the Group’s capital, CET1 ratio, and net attributable profit. The probabilistic metrics make it possible to estimate the joint impact of exposure to different currencies taking into account the different variability in currency exchange rates and their correlations.

The suitability of these risk assessment metrics is reviewed on a regular basis through backtesting exercises. The final element of structural exchange-rate risk control is the analysis of scenarios and stress with the aim of identifying in advance possible threats to future compliance with the risk appetite levels set, so that any necessary preventive management actions can be taken. The scenarios are based both on historical situations simulated by the risk model and on the risk scenarios provided by BBVA Research.

As for the market, in 2016, it is noteworthy the U.S. dollar was strong, boosted by higher yields, and the outperformance of the currencies of some countries in the Andean area in South America, while the Mexican peso and Turkish lira depreciated against the U.S. dollar, affected by higher uncertainty and concerns about the growth in those economies.

The Group’s structural exchange-rate risk exposure level decreased since the end of 2015 mostly due to increased hedging, focused on the Mexican peso and the Turkish lira, intended to keep low levels of sensitivity to movements in the exchange rates of emerging currencies against the euro. The risk mitigation level in the Bank’s capital ratio due to the book value of BBVA Group’s holdings in foreign emerging market currencies stood at around 70% and, as of the end in 2016, CET1 ratio sensitivity to the appreciation of 1% in the euro exchange rate for each currency was as follows: U.S. dollar +1.2 bps; Mexican peso -0.2 bps; Turkish Lira -0.2 bps; other currencies: -0.3 bps. On the other hand, hedging of emerging-currency denominated earnings of 2016 stood at 47%, concentrated in Mexican peso and the Turkish lira.

Structural equity risk

The Group’s exposure to structural equity risk stems mainly from investments in industrial and financial companies with medium- and long-term investment horizons. This exposure is mitigated through net short positions held in derivatives of their underlying assets, used to limit portfolio sensitivity to potential falls in prices.

Structural management of equity portfolios is the responsibility of the Group’s units specializing in this area. Their activity is subject to the corporate risk management policies for equity positions in the equity portfolio. The aim is to ensure that they are handled consistently with BBVA’s business model and appropriately to its risk tolerance level, thus enabling long-term business sustainability.

The Group’s risk management systems also make it possible to anticipate possible negative impacts and take appropriate measures to prevent damage being caused to the entity. The risk control and limitation mechanisms are focused on the exposure, annual operating performance and economic capital estimated for each portfolio. Economic capital is estimated in accordance with a corporate model based on Monte Carlo simulations, taking into account the statistical performance of asset prices and the diversification existing among the different exposures.

Backtesting is carried out on a regular basis on the risk measurement model used.

European stock markets underperformed in 2016, while the main U.S. stock exchange indices reached historical maximum levels. Stock price volatility increased in 2016, and there was an initial shock in the financial markets after the Brexit referendum vote in the United Kingdom, due to the policy uncertainty that this process entails and its potential impact on Eurozone growth expectations. These effects led to a deterioration of capital gains accumulated in the BBVA Group’s equity portfolios as of the end of June, although such portfolios generally recovered as the main equity indices have recovered pre-Brexit levels.

Structural equity risk, measured in terms of economic capital, has decreased in 2016 as a result of the reduction of the stake in CNCB, along with lower positioning in some sectors.

Stress tests and analyses of sensitivity to different simulated scenarios are carried out periodically to analyze the risk profile in more depth. They are based on both past crisis situations and forecasts made by BBVA Research. This aims to check that the risks are limited and that the tolerance levels set by the Group are not at risk.

 

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The aggregate sensitivity of the BBVA Group’s consolidated equity to a 1% fall in the price of shares of the companies making up the equity portfolio stood at around -€38 million as of December 31, 2016. This estimate takes into account the exposure in shares valued at market prices, or if not applicable, at fair value (except for the positions in the Treasury Area portfolios) and the net delta-equivalent positions in options on their underlyings.

See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on risks faced by BBVA.

 

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

A. Debt Securities    

Not Applicable.

B. Warrants and Rights

Not Applicable.

C. Other Securities

Not Applicable.

D. American Depositary Shares

Our ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “BBVA”. The Bank of New York Mellon is the depositary (the “Depositary”) issuing ADSs pursuant to an amended and restated deposit agreement dated June 29, 2007 among BBVA, the Depositary and the holders from time to time of ADSs (the “Deposit Agreement”). Each ADS represents the right to receive one share. The table below sets forth the fees payable, either directly or indirectly, by a holder of ADSs as of the date of this Annual Report.

 

Category

  

Depositary Actions

  

Associated Fee / By Whom Paid

(a) Depositing or substituting the underlying shares    Issuance of ADSs    Up to $5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the new ADSs delivered (charged to person depositing the shares or receiving the ADSs)
(b) Receiving or distributing dividends    Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions; distribution of share dividends or other free share distributions; distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional ADSs    Not applicable
(c) Selling or exercising rights    Distribution or sale of securities    Not applicable
(d) Withdrawing an underlying security    Acceptance of ADSs surrendered for withdrawal of deposited securities    Up to $5.00 for each 100 ADSs (or portion thereof) evidenced by the ADSs surrendered (charged to person surrendering or to person to whom withdrawn securities are being delivered)
(e) Transferring, splitting or grouping receipts    Transfers, combining or grouping of depositary receipts    Not applicable
(f) General depositary services, particularly those charged on an annual basis    Other services performed by the Depositary in administering the ADSs    Not applicable

 

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Category

  

Depositary Actions

  

Associated Fee / By Whom Paid

(g) Expenses of the Depositary   

Expenses incurred on behalf of holders in connection with

 

•    stock transfer or other taxes (including Spanish income taxes) and other governmental charges;

 

•    cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery charges incurred at request of holder of ADS or person depositing shares for the issuance of ADSs;

 

•    transfer, brokerage or registration fees for the registration of shares or other deposited securities on the share register and applicable to transfers of shares or other deposited securities to or from the name of the custodian;

 

•    reasonable and customary expenses of the depositary in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars

   Expenses payable by holders of ADSs or persons depositing shares for the issuance of ADSs; expenses payable in connection with the conversion of foreign currency into U.S. dollars are payable out of such foreign currency

The Depositary may remit to us all or a portion of the Depositary fees charged for the reimbursement of certain of the expenses we incur in respect of the ADS program established pursuant to the Deposit Agreement upon such terms and conditions as we may agree from time to time. In the year ended December 31, 2016, the Depositary reimbursed us $1,289 thousand with respect to certain fees and expenses. The table below sets forth the types of expenses that the Depositary has agreed to reimburse and the amounts reimbursed in 2016.

 

Category of Expenses

   Amount
Reimbursed in
the Year Ended
December 31,
2016
 
     (In Thousands of
Dollars)
 

NYSE Listing Fees

     191.2  

Investor Relations Marketing

     438.2  

Professional Services

     525.6  

Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting Expenses

     120.1  

Other

     13.9  

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2016, BBVA, under the supervision and with the participation of BBVA’s management, including our Group Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Head of Accounting & Supervisors, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any control system, including disclosure controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Based upon their evaluation, BBVA’s Group Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Head of Accounting & Supervisors concluded, that BBVA’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at a reasonable assurance level in ensuring that information relating to BBVA, including its consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in reports that it files under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) accumulated and communicated to the management, including principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of BBVA is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. BBVA’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

 

    Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of BBVA;

 

    Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of BBVA’s management and directors; and

 

    Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

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Under the supervision and with the participation of BBVA’s management, including our Group Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Head of Accounting & Supervisors, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control – 2013 Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”)—Based on this assessment, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2016, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

In May 2013, COSO published an updated version of its Internal Control Integrated – Framework. This framework provides broader guidelines and clarifies the requirements for determining what constitutes effective internal control. After the analysis of the updated version, no significant changes have been implemented in the internal control model.

Our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016 has been audited by Deloitte S.L., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which follows below.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.:

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries composing the BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA Group (the “Group”—Note 3) as of December 31, 2016, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Group’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

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In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016 of the Group and our report dated March 31, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte S.L.

Madrid, Spain

March 31, 2017

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in BBVA’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 16. [RESERVED]

 

ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

The charter for our Audit and Compliance Committee provides that the members of the Audit and Compliance Committee, and particularly its Chairman, shall be appointed with regard to their knowledge and background in accounting, auditing and risk management, and we have determined that Mr. José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas, the Chairman of the Audit and Compliance Committee has such experience and knowledge and is an “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined by the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Mr. Andrés is independent within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

In addition, we believe that the remaining members of the Audit and Compliance Committee have an understanding of applicable generally accepted accounting principles, experience analyzing and evaluating financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by our Consolidated Financial Statements, an understanding of internal controls over financial reporting, and an understanding of audit committee functions. Our Audit and Compliance Committee has experience overseeing and assessing the performance of BBVA and its consolidated subsidiaries and our external auditors with respect to the preparation, auditing and evaluation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS

The BBVA Group Code of Conduct, which was updated by the Board of Directors on May 28, 2015, applies to all companies and persons which form part of the BBVA Group. This Code sets out the standards of behavior that should be adhered to so that the Group’s conduct towards its customers, colleagues and the society be consistent with BBVA’s values. The BBVA Group Code of Conduct can be found on BBVA’s website at www.bbva.com.

 

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ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table provides information on the aggregate fees billed by our principal accountants, Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates, by type of service rendered for the periods indicated.

 

     Year ended December 31,  

Services Rendered

   2016      2015  
     (In Millions of Euros)  

Audit Fees(1)

     26.5        25.8  

Audit-Related Fees(2)

     3.4        4.3  

Tax Fees(3)

     0.3        0.9  

All Other Fees(4)

     1.0        1.6  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     31.2        32.6  

 

(1) Aggregate fees billed for each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates for the audit of BBVA’s annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for those fiscal years.
(2) Aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for assurance and related services by Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of BBVA’s financial statements and are not reported under (1) above.
(3) Aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for professional services rendered by Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
(4) Aggregate fees billed in each of the last two fiscal years for products and services provided by Deloitte, S.L. and its worldwide affiliates other than the services reported in (1), (2) and (3) above. Services in this category consisted primarily of consultancy and implementation of new regulation.

The Audit and Compliance Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

In order to assist in ensuring the independence of our external auditor, the regulations of our Audit and Compliance Committee provides that our external auditor is generally prohibited from providing us with non-audit services, other than under the specific circumstance described below. For this reason, our Audit and Compliance Committee has developed a pre-approval policy regarding the contracting of BBVA’s external auditor, or any affiliate of the external auditor, for professional services. The professional services covered by such policy include audit and non-audit services provided to BBVA or any of its subsidiaries reflected in agreements dated on or after May 6, 2003.

The pre-approval policy is as follows:

 

  1. The hiring of BBVA’s external auditor or any of its affiliates is prohibited, unless there is no other firm available to provide the needed services at a comparable cost and that could deliver a similar level of quality.

 

  2. In the event that there is no other firm available to provide needed services at a comparable cost and delivering a similar level of quality, the external auditor (or any of its affiliates) may be hired to perform such services, but only with the pre-approval of the Audit and Compliance Committee.

 

  3. The Chairman of the Audit and Compliance Committee has been delegated the authority to approve the hiring of BBVA’s external auditor (or any of its affiliates). In such an event, however, the Chairman would be required to inform the Audit and Compliance Committee of such decision at the Committee’s next meeting.

 

  4. The hiring of the external auditor for any of BBVA’s subsidiaries must also be pre-approved by the Audit and Compliance Committee.

 

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ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Not Applicable.

 

ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

 

2016

   Total Number of
Ordinary Shares
Purchased
     Average Price
Paid per Share (or
Unit) in Euros
     Total Number of
Shares (or Units)
Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs
     Maximum Number (or
Approximate Dollar
Value) of Shares (or

Units) that May Yet Be
Purchased Under the
Plans or Programs
 

January 1 to January 31

     22,443,607        6.15        —          —    

February 1 to February 28

     40,511,508        5.64        —          —    

March 1 to March 31

     21,701,337        6.24        —          —    

April 1 to April 30

     64,126,561        4.00        —          —    

May 1 to May 31

     16,855,591        5.63        —          —    

June 1 to June 30

     30,601,784        5.23        —          —    

July 1 to July 31

     18,165,926        5.09        —          —    

August 1 to August 31

     13,628,725        5.12        —          —    

September 1 to September 30

     52,005,782        4.06        —          —    

October 1 to October 31

     39,087,086        6.04        —          —    

November 1 to November 30

     44,254,640        6.15        —          —    

December 1 to December 31

     16,468,392        6.60        —          —    
  

 

 

          

Total

     379,850,939        5.27        —          —    
  

 

 

          

During 2016, we sold a total of 411,537,817 shares for an average price of €5.50 per share.

 

ITEM 16F.  CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

On July 28, 2016, we announced that the Board of Directors selected KPMG Auditores, S.L. to be the independent registered public accounting firm of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and of the BBVA Group for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. Such selection and change of independent registered public accounting firm was adopted at the proposal of the Audit and Compliance Committee. This selection was approved by the shareholders at the annual shareholders’ meeting held on March 17, 2017. Accordingly, Deloitte, S.L. was not re-elected for another term and, on March 17, 2017, it was dismissed as our independent registered public accounting firm.

The report of Deloitte, S.L. on our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion and was not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles. There was no disagreement whatsoever relating to the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and any subsequent interim period preceding such dismissal with Deloitte, S.L. on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreement, if not resolved to the satisfaction of the former auditor, would have caused them to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with their report, or any “reportable event” as described in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F.

We have provided a copy of the above statements to Deloitte, S.L. and requested that Deloitte, S.L. furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not they agree with the above disclosure. A copy of that letter, dated March 31, 2017, is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report.

Further, in the two years prior to December 31, 2016, we have not consulted with KPMG Auditores, S.L. regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed; or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered with respect to the consolidated financial statements of the BBVA Group; or (ii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement as that term is defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) of Form 20-F or a “reportable event” as described in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F.

 

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ITEM 16G.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Compliance with NYSE Listing Standards on Corporate Governance

On November 4, 2003, the SEC approved rules proposed by the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) intended to strengthen corporate governance standards for listed companies. In compliance therewith, the following is a summary of the significant differences between our corporate governance practices and those applicable to domestic issuers under the NYSE listing standards.

Independence of the Directors on the Board of Directors and Board Committees

Under the NYSE corporate governance rules, (i) a majority of a U.S. company’s board of directors must be composed of independent directors, (ii) all members of the audit committee must be independent and (iii) all U.S. companies listed on the NYSE must have a compensation committee and a nominations committee and all members of such committees must be independent. In each case, the independence of directors must be established pursuant to highly detailed rules promulgated by the NYSE and, in the case of the audit committee, the NYSE and the SEC.

Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act sets out a definition of what constitutes independence for the purpose of board or committee membership. Such definition is in line with the definition provided by our Board Regulations.

In addition, pursuant to the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act, listed companies shall have, at least, an audit committee, and an appointments and remuneration committee. This Law also establishes that such committees (i) shall be composed exclusively by non-executive directors, (ii) at least two of their members shall be independent directors and (iii) they shall be chaired by an independent director.

Likewise, Law 10/2014, which completes the transposition of CRD IV into Spanish legislation, includes rules on corporate governance, among others, as regards board committees and their membership, establishing that the remuneration committee, the appointments committee and risk committee shall be composed of non-executive directors and at least one third of their members shall be independent and, in any event, the Chairman of these committees shall also be an independent director.

Moreover, pursuant to the Good Governance Code for Listed Companies of the CNMV, which includes non-binding recommendations applicable to listed companies in Spain, under the comply or explain principle: (i) independent directors must represent, at least, half of the total board members; (ii) the majority of the members of the audit committee and the appointments and remuneration committee must be independent; and (iii) companies with high market capitalization must have two separate committees, an appointments committee and a remuneration committee.

 

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Pursuant to article 1 of our Board Regulations, BBVA considers that independent directors are non-executive directors appointed for their personal and professional background who can perform their duties without being constrained by their relations with the Company or its Group, its significant shareholders or its executives. Directors cannot be deemed independent if they:

 

  a) have been employees or executive directors in Group companies, unless three or five years have elapsed, respectively since they ceased as employees or executive directors, as the case may be;

 

  b) receive from the Company or its Group entities, any amount or benefit for an item other than remuneration for their directorship, except where the sum is insignificant and expect further for dividends or pension supplements that a director may receive due to a former professional or employment relationship, provided these are unconditional and, consequently, the company paying them may not at its own discretion, suspend, amend or revoke their accrual unless there has been a breach of duty;

 

  c) are partners of the external auditor or in charge of the audit report or have been so in the last three years, whether the audit in question was carried out on the Company or any other Group entity;

 

  d) are executive directors or senior managers of another company in which a Company’s executive director or senior manager is an external director;

 

  e) maintain any significant business relationship with the Company or with any Group company or have done so over the last year, either in their own name or as a significant shareholder, director or senior manager of a company that maintains or has maintained such a relationship. Business relationship here means any relationship as supplier of goods or services, including financial goods or services, and as advisor or consultant;

 

  f) are significant shareholders, executive directors or senior managers of any entity that receives, or has received over the last three years, donations from the Company or its Group. Those persons who are merely trustees in a foundation receiving donations shall not be deemed to be included under this letter;

 

  g) are spouses, or spousal equivalents or related up to second degree of kinship to an executive director or senior manager of the Company;

 

  h) have not been proposed by the Appointments Committee for appointment or renewal;

 

  i) have held a directorship for a continuous period of more than 12 years; or

 

  j) are related to any significant shareholder or shareholder represented on the Board of Directors under any of the circumstances described under letters (a), (e), (f) or (g) above. In the event of kinship relationships mentioned in letter (g), the limitation will apply not only with respect to the shareholder, but also with respect to their proprietary directors in the company in which the shareholder holds an interest.

Directors who hold shares in the Bank may be considered independent provided they comply with the above conditions and their shareholding is not legally considered to be significant.

As of the date of this Annual Report, our Board of Directors has a large number of non-executive directors and seven out of the 14 members of our Board are independent under the definition of independence described above, which is in line with the definition provided by the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act.

In addition, our Audit and Compliance Committee is composed exclusively of independent directors, who are not members of the Bank’s Executive Committee and the Committee chairman has experience in accounting, auditing and risk management, in accordance with the specific regulations of the Audit and Compliance Committee. Our Risk Committee is composed exclusively of non-executive directors, and also, in accordance with the Corporate Enterprises Act and with corporate governance non-binding recommendations, our Board of Directors has two separate committees: an Appointments Committee and a Remuneration Committee, which are composed exclusively of non-executive directors, being the majority of them (including their chairman) independent directors.

 

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Separate Meetings for Independent Directors

In accordance with the NYSE corporate governance rules, independent directors must meet periodically outside of the presence of the executive directors. Under Spanish law, this requirement is not contemplated as such. We note, however, that our non-executive directors meet periodically outside the presence of our executive directors every time a Committee with oversight functions meets, since these Committees are comprised solely of non- executive directors. Furthermore, the Board of Directors has appointed a Lead Director with powers to coordinate and meet with the non-executive directors, among other faculties conferred by the law and in Article 5 ter of our Board of Directors Regulations. In addition, our independent directors meet outside the presence of our executive directors as often as they deem fit, and usually prior to meetings of the Board of Directors or its Committees.

Code of Ethics

The NYSE listing standards require U.S. companies to adopt a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. For information with respect to BBVA’s code of business conduct and ethics see “Item 16 B. Code of Ethics”.

 

ITEM 16H.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not Applicable.

PART III

 

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this Item.

 

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Please see pages F-1 through F-260.

 

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

 

Exhibit

Number

   Description
  1.1    Amended and Restated Bylaws (Estatutos) of the Registrant (English translation).
  8.1    Consolidated Companies Composing Registrant (see Appendix I to X to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein).
10.1    Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement entered into between the Company Doğuş Holding A.Ş., Doğuş Nakliyat ve Ticaret, A.Ş. and Doğuş Araştirma Geliştirme ve Müşavirlik Hizmetleri A.Ş. on November 19, 2014.(*)
10.2    Information on Compensation Plans (**)
12.1    Section 302 Group Executive Chairman Certification.
12.2    Section 302 Chief Executive Officer Certification.
12.3    Section 302 Head of Global Accounting and Information Management Certification.

 

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Exhibit

Number

   Description
13.1    Section 906 Certification.
15.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
15.2    Letter of Deloitte, S.L. dated March 31, 2017 regarding change in the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

 

(*) Incorporated by reference to BBVA’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2014. Confidential treatment was requested with respect to certain portions of this agreement. Confidential portions were redacted and separately submitted to the SEC.
(**) Incorporated by reference to BBVA’s report on Form 6-K submitted on February 15, 2017 (SEC Accession No. 0001193125-17-044830).

We will furnish to the Commission, upon request, copies of any unfiled instruments that define the rights of holders of our long-term debt.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and had duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

 

BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA
ARGENTARIA, S.A.

By:

 

/s/ RICARDO GOMEZ BARREDO

Name:

 

RICARDO GOMEZ BARREDO

Title:

 

Global Head of Accounting and

Supervisors

Date: March 31, 2017

 

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LOGO

Consolidated financial statements and auditor´s report for the year 2016


Table of Contents

Contents

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM      F-1  
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   

Consolidated balance sheet

     F-2  

Consolidated income statement

     F-5  

Consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses

     F-6  

Consolidated statements of changes in equity

     F-7  

Consolidated statements of cash flows

     F-10  
NOTES TO THE ACCOMPANYING CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS   

1.

 

Introduction, basis for the presentation of the consolidated financial statements, internal control of financial information and other information.

     F-11  

2.

 

Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent IFRS pronouncements

     F-14  

3.

 

BBVA Group

     F-39  

4.

 

Shareholder remuneration system

     F-42  

5.

 

Earnings per share

     F-45  

6.

 

Operating segment reporting

     F-45  

7.

 

Risk management

     F-48  

8.

 

Fair value

     F-90  

9.

 

Cash, cash balances at centrals and banks and other demands deposits and Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

     F-100  

10.    

 

Financial assets and liabilities held for trading

     F-100  

11.

 

Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss

     F-105  

12.

 

Available-for-sale financial assets

     F-105  

13.

 

Loans and receivables

     F-112  

14.

 

Held-to-maturity investments

     F-115  

15.

 

Hedging derivatives and fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedge of interest rate risk

     F-117  

16.

 

Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

     F-121  

17.

 

Tangible assets

     F-123  

18.

 

Intangible assets

     F-126  

19.

 

Tax assets and liabilities

     F-130  

20.

 

Other assets and liabilities

     F-134  

21.

 

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

     F-135  

22.

 

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     F-137  

23.

 

Liabilities under reinsurance and insurance contracts

     F-143  

24.

 

Provisions

     F-144  

25.

 

Post-employment and other employee benefit commitments

     F-146  

26.

 

Common stock

     F-154  

27.

 

Share premium

     F-156  

28.

 

Retained earnings, revaluation reserves and other reserves

     F-157  

29.

 

Treasury shares

     F-159  

30.

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     F-160  

31.

 

Non-controlling interests

     F-160  

32.

 

Capital base and capital management

     F-161  

33.

 

Commitments and guarantees given

     F-164  

34.

 

Other contingent assets and liabilities

     F-164  

35.

 

Purchase and sale commitments and future payment obligations

     F-165  

 


Table of Contents

36.

 

Transactions on behalf of third parties

     F-165  

37.

 

Interest income and expense

     F-166  

38.

 

Dividend income

     F-168  

39.

 

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

     F-169  

40.

 

Fee and commission income and expenses

     F-169  

41.

 

Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net) and Exchange Differences

     F-170  

42.

 

Other operating income and expenses

     F-171  

43.

 

Insurance and reinsurance contracts incomes and expenses

     F-172  

44.

 

Administration costs

     F-172  

45.

 

Depreciation

     F-175  

46.

 

Provisions or reversal of provisions

     F-176  

47.

 

Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss

     F-176  

48.

 

Impairment or reversal of impairment on non-financial assets

     F-176  

49.

 

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non financial assets and subsidiaries, net

     F-177  

50.

 

Profit or loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

     F-177  

51.    

 

Consolidated statements of cash flows

     F-177  

52.

 

Accountant fees and services

     F-178  

53.

 

Related-party transactions

     F-178  

54.

 

Remuneration and other benefits received by the Board of Directors and members of the Bank’s Senior Management

     F-180  

55.

 

Other information

     F-184  

56.

 

Subsequent events

     F-186  

APPENDIX I Additional information on consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated structured entities composing the BBVA Group

     F-188  

APPENDIX II Additional information on investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates in the BBVA Group

     F-198  

APPENDIX III Changes and notification of investments and divestments in the BBVA Group in the year ended December 31, 2016

     F-199  

APPENDIX IV Fully consolidated subsidiaries with more than 10% owned by non-Group shareholders as of December 31, 2016

     F-204  

APPENDIX V BBVA Group’s structured entities. Securitization funds

     F-205  

APPENDIX VI Details of the outstanding subordinated debt and preferred securities issued by the Bank or entities in the Group consolidated as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

     F-206  

APPENDIX VII Consolidated balance sheets held in foreign currency as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

     F-210  

APPENDIX VIII Information on data derived from the special accounting registry

     F-211  

APPENDIX IX Quantitative information on refinancing and restructuring operations and other requirement under Bank of Spain Circular 6/2012

     F-217  

APPENDIX X Additional information on Risk Concentration

     F-229  

APPENDIX  XI Information in accordance with Article 89 of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and its application to Spanish Law through Law 10/2014

     F-243  

APPENDIX XII Reconciliation of Financial Statements

     F-245  

GLOSSARY

 


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. (the “Company”) and subsidiaries composing the BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA Group (the “Group” - Note 3) as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated income statements, statements of recognized income and expenses, statements of changes in equity and statements of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Group’s Directors. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. and subsidiaries composing the BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA Group as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2016, in conformity with the International Financial Reporting Standards, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS – IASB”).

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Group’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2016, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 31, 2017 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting.

DELOITTE, S.L.

Madrid, Spain

March 31, 2017

 

F-1


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014

 

         

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

ASSETS

 

   Notes        2016        2015        2014  

CASH, CASH BALANCES AT CENTRAL BANKS AND OTHER DEMAND

DEPOSITS

   9      40,039        29,282        27,719  

FINANCIAL ASSETS HELD FOR TRADING

   10      74,950        78,326        83,258  

Derivatives

        42,955        40,902        44,229  

Equity instruments

        4,675        4,534        5,017  

Debt securities

        27,166        32,825        33,883  

Loans and advances to central banks

        -        -        -  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

        -        -        -  

Loans and advances to customers

        154        65        128  

FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR

LOSS

   11      2,062        2,311        2,761  

Equity instruments

        1,920        2,075        2,024  

Debt securities

        142        173        737  

Loans and advances to central banks

        -        -        -  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

        -        62        -  

Loans and advances to customers

        -        -        -  

AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS

   12      79,221        113,426        94,875  

Equity instruments

        4,641        5,116        7,267  

Debt securities

        74,580        108,310        87,608  

LOANS AND RECEIVABLES

   13      465,977        471,828        376,086  

Debt securities

        11,209        10,516        6,659  

Loans and advances to central banks

        8,894        17,830        5,429  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

        31,373        29,317        25,342  

Loans and advances to customers

        414,500        414,165        338,657  

HELD-TO-MATURITY INVESTMENTS

   14      17,696        -        -  

HEDGING DERIVATIVES

   15      2,833        3,538        2,551  

FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES

OF INTEREST RATE RISK

   15      17        45        121  

INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDARIES, JOINT VENTURES AND ASSOCIATES

   16      765        879        4,509  

Joint ventures

        229        243        4,092  

Associates

        536        636        417  

INSURANCE OR REINSURANCE ASSETS

   23      447        511        559  

TANGIBLE ASSETS

   17      8,941        9,944        7,820  

Property, plants and equipment

        8,250        8,477        6,428  

For own use

        7,519        8,021        5,985  

Other assets leased out under an operating lease

        732        456        443  

Investment properties

        691        1,467        1,392  

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

   18      9,786        10,052        7,371  

Goodwill

        6,937        6,915        5,697  

Other intangible assets

        2,849        3,137        1,673  

TAX ASSETS

   19      18,245        17,779        12,426  

Current

        1,853        1,901        2,035  

Deferred

        16,391        15,878        10,391  

OTHER ASSETS

   20      7,274        8,565        8,094  

Insurance contracts linked to pensions

        -        -        -  

Inventories

        3,298        4,303        4,443  

Rest

        3,976        4,263        3,651  

NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND DISPOSAL GROUPS HELD FOR SALE

   21      3,603        3,369        3,793  

TOTAL ASSETS

        731,856        749,855        631,942  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated balance sheets.

 

F-2


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

 

   Notes          2016          2015          2014    

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES HELD FOR TRADING

     10        54,675        55,202        56,798  

Trading derivatives

        43,118        42,149        45,052  

Short positions

        11,556        13,053        11,747  

Deposits from central banks

        -        -        -  

Deposits from credit institutions

        -        -        -  

Customer deposits

        -        -        -  

Debt certificates

        -        -        -  

Other financial liabilities

        -        -        -  
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      11        2,338        2,649        2,724  

Deposits from central banks

        -        -        -  

Deposits from credit institutions

        -        -        -  

Customer deposits

        -        -        -  

Debt certificates

        -        -        -  

Other financial liabilities

        2,338        2,649        2,724  

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTIZED COST

     22        589,210        606,113        491,899  

Deposits from central banks

        34,740        40,087        28,193  

Deposits from credit institutions

        63,501        68,543        65,168  

Customer deposits

        401,465        403,362        319,334  

Debt certificates

        76,375        81,980        71,917  

Other financial liabilities

        13,129        12,141        7,288  

HEDGING DERIVATIVES

     15        2,347        2,726        2,331  
FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      15        -        358        -  

LIABILITIES UNDER INSURANCE CONTRACTS

     23        9,139        9,407        10,460  

PROVISIONS

     24        9,071        8,852        7,444  

Provisions for pensions and similar obligations

     25        6,025        6,299        5,970  

Other long term employee benefits

        69        68        62  

Provisions for taxes and other legal contingencies

        418        616        262  

Provisions for contingent risks and commitments

        950        714        381  

Other provisions

        1,609        1,155        769  

TAX LIABILITIES

     19        4,668        4,656        4,157  

Current

        1,276        1,238        980  

Deferred

        3,392        3,418        3,177  

OTHER LIABILITIES

     20        4,979        4,610        4,519  
LIABILITIES INCLUDED IN DISPOSAL GROUPS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE         -        -        -  
TOTAL LIABILITIES         676,428        694,573        580,333  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated balance sheets.

 

F-3


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (Continued)

 

    Notes           2016          2015          2014    

SHAREHOLDERS’ FUNDS

        52,821        50,639        49,446  

Capital

     26        3,218        3,120        3,024  

Paid up capital

        3,218        3,120        3,024  

Unpaid capital which has been called up

        -        -        -  

Share premium

     27        23,992        23,992        23,992  

Equity instruments issued other than capital

        -        -        -  

Other equity

     44.1.1        54        35        67  

Retained earnings

     28        23,688        22,588        20,280  

Revaluation reserves

     28        20        22        23  

Other reserves

     28        (67)        (98)        633  

Reserves or accumulated losses of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates

        (67)        (98)        633  

Other

        -        -        -  

Less: Treasury shares

     29        (48)        (309)        (350)  

Profit or loss attributable to owners of the parent

        3,475        2,642        2,618  

Less: Interim dividends

     4        (1,510)        (1,352)        (841)  

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

     30        (5,458)        (3,349)        (348)  

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss

        (1,095)        (859)        (777)  

Actuarial gains or (-) losses on defined benefit pension plans

        (1,095)        (859)        (777)  

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

        -        -        -  

Share of other recognised income and expense of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates

        -        -        -  

Other adjustments

        -        -        -  

Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss

        (4,363)        (2,490)        429  

Hedge of net investments in foreign operations [effective portion]

        (118)        (274)        (373)  

Foreign currency translation

        (5,185)        (3,905)        (2,173)  

Hedging derivatives. Cash flow hedges [effective portion]

        16        (49)        (46)  

Available-for-sale financial assets

        947        1,674        3,816  

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

        -        -        -  

Share of other recognised income and expense of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates

        (23)        64        (796)  

MINORITY INTERESTS (NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST)

     31        8,064        7,992        2,511  

Valuation adjustments

        (2,246)        (1,333)        (53)  

Rest

        10,310        9,325        2,563  

TOTAL EQUITY

        55,428        55,282        51,609  

TOTAL EQUITY AND TOTAL LIABILITIES

        731,856        749,855        631,942  
           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

MEMORANDUM ITEM (OFF-BALANCE SHEET EXPOSURES)

 

    Notes         2016      2015      2014  

Financial guarantees given

     33        50,540        49,876        33,741  

Contingent commitments

     33        117,573        135,733        106,252  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated balance sheets.

 

F-4


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Consolidated income statements

 

   Notes        2016      2015      2014  

Interest income

     37        27,708        24,783        22,838  

Interest expenses

     37        (10,648)        (8,761)        (8,456)  

NET INTEREST INCOME

        17,059        16,022        14,382  
Dividend income      38        467        415        531  
Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method      39        25        174        343  
Fee and commission income      40        6,804        6,340        5,530  
Fee and commission expenses      40        (2,086)        (1,729)        (1,356)  
Gains or (-) losses on derecognition of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit or loss, net      41        1,375        1,055        1,439  
Gains or (-) losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net      41        248        (409)        11  
Gains or (-) losses on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, net      41        114        126        32  
Gains or (-) losses from hedge accounting, net      41        (76)        93        (47)  
Exchange differences (net)      41        472        1,165        699  
Other operating income      42        1,272        1,315        959  
Other operating expenses      42        (2,128)        (2,285)        (2,705)  
Income on insurance and reinsurance contracts      43        3,652        3,678        3,622  
Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts      43        (2,545)        (2,599)        (2,714)  

GROSS INCOME

        24,653        23,362        20,725  

Administration costs

     44        (11,366)        (10,836)        (9,414)  

Personnel expenses

        (6,722)        (6,273)        (5,410)  

Other administrative expenses

        (4,644)        (4,563)        (4,004)  

Depreciation

     45        (1,426)        (1,272)        (1,145)  
Provisions or (-) reversal of provisions      46        (1,186)        (731)        (1,142)  
Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss      47        (3,801)        (4,272)        (4,340)  

Financial assets measured at cost

        -        -     

Available- for-sale financial assets

        (202)        (23)        (35)  

Loans and receivables

        (3,597)        (4,248)        (4,304)  

Held to maturity investments

        (1)        -        -  

NET OPERATING INCOME

        6,874        6,251        4,684  
Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates         -        -        -  
Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on non-financial assets      48        (521)        (273)        (297)  

Tangible assets

        (143)        (60)        (97)  

Intangible assets

        (3)        (4)        (8)  

Other assets

        (375)        (209)        (192)  
Gains (losses) on derecognition of non financial assets and subsidiaries, net      49        70        (2,135)        46  
Negative goodwill recognised in profit or loss      18        -        26        -  
Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations      50        (31)        734        (453)  

OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE TAX

        6,392        4,603        3,980  
Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operation      19        (1,699)        (1,274)        (898)  

PROFIT FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS

        4,693        3,328        3,082  

Profit from discontinued operations (net)

        -        -        -  

PROFIT

        4,693        3,328        3,082  
Attributable to minority interest [non-controlling interests]      31        1,218        686        464  
Attributable to owners of the parent         3,475        2,642        2,618  
           

Euros

 

 
     Notas        2016      2015      2014  

EARNINGS PER SHARE

     5        0.50        0.37        0.40  

Basic earnings per share from continued operations

        0.50        0.37        0.40  

Diluted earnings per share from continued operations

        0.50        0.37        0.40  

Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations

        -        -        -  

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations

        -        -        -  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated income statements.

 

F-5


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses

 

      2016            2015            2014     

PROFIT RECOGNIZED IN INCOME STATEMENT

     4,693        3,328        3,082  

OTHER RECOGNIZED INCOME (EXPENSES)

     (3,022)        (4,280)        3,359  

ITEMS NOT SUBJECT TO RECLASSIFICATION TO INCOME STATEMENT

     (240)        (74)        (346)  

Actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit pension plans

     (303)        (135)        (498)  

Non-current assets available for sale

     -        -        -  

Entities under the equity method of accounting

     -        8        (5)  

Income tax related to items not subject to reclassification to income statement

     63        53        157  

ITEMS SUBJECT TO RECLASSIFICATION TO INCOME STATEMENT

     (2,782)        (4,206)        3,705  

Hedge of net investments in foreign operations [effective portion]

     166        88        (273)  

  Valuation gains or (-) losses taken to equity

     166        88        (273)  

  Transferred to profit or loss

     -        -        -  

  Other reclassifications

     -        -        -  

Foreign currency translation

     (2,167)        (2,911)        760  

  Valuation gains or (-) losses taken to equity

     (2,120)        (3,154)        761  

  Transferred to profit or loss

     (47)        243        (1)  

  Other reclassifications

     -        -        -  

Cash flow hedges [effective portion]

     80        4        (71)  

  Valuation gains or (-) losses taken to equity

     134        47        (71)  

  Transferred to profit or loss

     (54)        (43)        -  

  Transferred to initial carrying amount of hedged items

     -        -        -  

  Other reclassifications

     -        -        -  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     (694)        (3,196)        4,306  

  Valuation gains or (-) losses taken to equity

     438        (1,341)        5,706  

  Transferred to profit or loss

     (1,248)        (1,855)        (1,400)  

  Other reclassifications

     116        -        -  

Non-current assets held for sale

     -        -        (4)  

  Valuation gains or (-) losses taken to equity

     -        -        (4)  

  Transferred to profit or loss

     -        -        -  

  Other reclassifications

     -        -        -  

Entities accounted for using the equity method

     (89)        861        338  

Income tax

     (78)        948        (1,351)  

TOTAL RECOGNIZED INCOME/EXPENSES

     1,671        (952)        6,441  

  Attributable to minority interest [non-controlling interests]

     305        (594)        341  

  Attributable to the parent company

     1,366        (358)        6,100  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

F-6


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

   

 

Millions of Euros

 
    Capital
(Nota 26)
    Share
Premium
(Note 27)
    Equity
instruments
issued other
than capital
    Other Equity     Retained
earnings
    Revaluation
reserves
    Other
reserves
    (-) Treasury 
shares 
   

Profit or loss
attributable to
owners of the

parent

    Interim
dividends
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
    Non-controlling interest     Total  
2016                         Valuation
adjustments
    Rest    
Balances as of January 1, 2016     3,120       23,992       -       35       22,588       22       (98)       (309)       2,642       (1,352)       (3,349)       (1,333)       9,325       55,281  
Total income/expense recognized     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       3,475       -       (2,109)       (913)       1,218       1,671  
Other changes in equity     98       -       -       19       1,100       (2)       31       260       (2,642)       (158)       -       -       (233)       (1,526)  
Issuances of common shares     98       -       -       -       (98)       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuances of preferred shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuance of other equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Period or maturity of other issued equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Conversion of debt on equity     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Common Stock reduction     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Dividend distribution

    -       -       -       -       93       -       (93)       -       -       (1,301)       -       -       (234)       (1,535)  
Purchase of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (2,004)       -       -       -       -       -       (2,004)  
Sale or cancellation of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       (30)       -       -       2,264       -       -       -       -       -       2,234  

Reclassification of financial liabilities to other equity instruments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Reclassification of other equity instruments to financial liabilities

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Transfers between total equity entries

    -       -       -       -       1,166       (2)       126       -       (2,642)       1,352       -       -       -       -  

Increase/Reduction of equity due to business combinations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Share based payments     -       -       -       (16)       3       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (12)  
Other increases or (-) decreases in equity     -       -       -       35       (34)       -       (2)       -       -       (210)       -       -       2       (209)  
Balances as of December 31, 2016     3,218       23,992       -       54       23,688       20       (67)       (48)       3,475       (1,510)       (5,458)       (2,246)       10,310       55,428  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the total consolidated statements of changes in equity.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

LOGO

Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. (continued).

 

   

 

Millions of Euros

 
    Capital
(Note 26)  
    Share
Premium
(Note 27)
    Equity
instruments
issued other
than capital
    Other Equity       Retained
earnings
    Revaluation
reserves
    Other
reserves  
    (-) Treasury 
shares 
   

Profit or loss
attributable to

owners of the

parent

    Interim  
dividends  
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
    Non-controlling interest     Total  
2015                         Valuation
adjustments
    Rest    
Balances as of January 1, 2015     3,024       23,992       -       66       20,281       23       633       (350)       2,618       (841)       (348)       (53)       2,563       51,609  
Total income/expense recognized     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       2,642       -       (3,000)       (1,280)       686       (953)  
Other changes in equity     96       -       -       (32)       2,308       (1)       (731)       41       (2,618)       (512)       -       -       6,075       4,626  
Issuances of common shares     96       -       -       -       (96)       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuances of preferred shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuance of other equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Period or maturity of other issued equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Conversion of debt on equity     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Common Stock reduction     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Dividend distribution

    -       -       -       -       86       -       (86)       -       -       (1,222)       -       -       (146)       (1,368)  
Purchase of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (3,278)       -       -       -       -       -       (3,278)  
Sale or cancellation of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       6       -       -       3,319       -       -       -       -       -       3,325  

Reclassification of financial liabilities to other equity instruments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Reclassification of other equity instruments to financial liabilities

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Transfers between total equity entries

    -       -       -       -       2,423       (1)       (645)       -       (2,618)       841       -       -       -       -  

Increase/Reduction of equity due to business combinations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Share based payments     -       -       -       (48)       14       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (34)  
Other increases or (-) decreases in equity     -       -       -       16       (126)       -       -       -       -       (131)       -       -       6,221       5,980  
Balances as of December 31, 2015     3,120       23,992       -       35       22,588       22       (98)       (309)       2,642       (1,352)       (3,349)       (1,333)       9,325       55,281  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the total consolidated statements of changes in equity.

 

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LOGO

Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. (continued).

 

   

 

Millions of Euros

 
    Capital
(Note 26)
    Share
Premium
(Note 27)
    Equity
instruments
issued other
than capital
    Other Equity     Retained
earnings
    Revaluation
reserves
    Other
reserves
    (-) Treasury 
shares 
   

Profit or loss
attributable to

owners of the

parent

    Interim
dividends
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
    Non-controlling interest     Total  
2014                         Valuation
adjustments
    Rest    
Balances as of January 1, 2014     2,835       22,111       -       59       19,291       26       450       (66)       2,084       (765)       (3,831)       70       2,301       44,565  
Total income/expense recognized     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       2,618       -       3,483       (123)       464       6,442  
Other changes in equity     189       1,881       -       8       989       (2)       182       (284)       (2,084)       (76)       -       -       (201)       602  
Issuances of common shares     189       1,881       -       -       (70)       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       2,000  
Issuances of preferred shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Issuance of other equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Period or maturity of other issued equity instruments     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Conversion of debt on equity     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Common Stock reduction     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Dividend distribution

    -       -       -       -       91       -       (91)       -       -       (597)       -       -       (243)       (840)  
Purchase of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (3,770)       -       -       -       -       -       (3,770)  
Sale or cancellation of treasury shares     -       -       -       -       5       -       -       3,486       -       -       -       -       -       3,491  

Reclassification of financial liabilities to other equity instruments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Reclassification of other equity instruments to financial liabilities

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Transfers between total equity entries

    -       -       -       -       1,044       (2)       277       -       (2,084)       765       -       -       -       -  

Increase/Reduction of equity due to business combinations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
Share based payments     -       -       -       (36)       7       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (29)  
Other increases or (-) decreases in equity     -       -       -       44       (88)       -       (4)       -       -       (244)       -       -       42       (250)  
Balances as of December 31, 2014     3,024       23,992       -       67       20,280       23       633       (350)       2,618       (841)       (348)       (53)       2,563       51,609  

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the total consolidated statements of changes in equity.

 

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LOGO

Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Consolidated statements of cash flow

 

   Notes        2016      2015      2014  
A) CASH FLOW FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)      51        6,623        23,101        (6,188)  
1. Profit for the year         4,693        3,328        3,082  
2. Adjustments to obtain the cash flow from operating activities:         6,784        18,327        8,315  
Depreciation and amortization         1,426        1,272        1,145  
Other adjustments         5,358        17,055        7,170  
3. Net increase/decrease in operating assets         (4,428)        (12,954)        (53,244)  
Financial assets held for trading         1,289        4,691        (11,145)  
Other financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss         (2)        337        (349)  
Available-for-sale financial assets         14,445        3,360        (13,485)  
Loans and receivables         (21,075)        (20,498)        (27,299)  
Other operating assets         915        (844)        (966)  
4. Net increase/decrease in operating liabilities         1,273        15,674        36,557  
Financial liabilities held for trading         361        (2,475)        11,151  
Other financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss         (53)        120        256  
Financial liabilities at amortized cost         (7)        21,422        24,219  
Other operating liabilities         972        (3,393)        931  
5. Collection/Payments for income tax         (1,699)        (1,274)        (898)  
B) CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES (1 + 2)      51        (560)        (4,411)        (1,151)  
1. Investment         (3,978)        (6,416)        (1,984)  
Tangible assets         (1,312)        (2,171)        (1,419)  
Intangible assets         (645)        (571)        (467)  
Investments in joint ventures and associates         (76)        (41)        -  
Subsidiaries and other business units         (95)        (3,633)        (98)  
Non-current assets held for sale and associated liabilities         -        -        -  
Held-to-maturity investments         (1,850)        -        -  
Other settlements related to investing activities         -        -        -  
2. Divestments         3,418        2,005        833  
Tangible assets         795        224        167  
Intangible assets         20        2        -  
Investments in joint ventures and associates         322        1        118  
Subsidiaries and other business units         73        9        -  
Non-current assets held for sale and associated liabilities         900        1,683        548  
Held-to-maturity investments         1,215        -        -  
Other collections related to investing activities         93        86        -  
C) CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (1 + 2)      51        (1,113)        127        3,157  
1. Investment         (4,335)        (5,717)        (5,955)  
Dividends         (1,599)        (879)        (826)  
Subordinated liabilities         (502)        (1,419)        (1,046)  
Treasury stock amortization         -        -        -  
Treasury stock acquisition         (2,004)        (3,273)        (3,770)  
Other items relating to financing activities         (230)        (146)        (313)  
2. Divestments         3,222        5,844        9,112  
Subordinated liabilities         1,000        2,523        3,628  
Treasury stock increase         -        -        2,000  
Treasury stock disposal         2,222        3,321        3,484  
Other items relating to financing activities         -        -        -  
D) EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES         (3,463)        (6,781)        725  
E) NET INCREASE/DECREASE IN CASH OR CASH EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C+D)         1,489        12,036        (3,457)  
F) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF THE YEAR         43,466        31,430        34,887  
G) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF THE PERIOD (E+F)         44,955        43,466        31,430  
           

Millones de euros

 

 

 

(Continued)

 

   Notas        2016      2015      2014  

Cash

        7,413        7,192        6,247  

Balance of cash equivalent in central banks (*)

        37,542        36,275        25,183  

Other financial assets

        -        -        -  

Less: Bank overdraft refundable on demand

        -        -        -  
TOTAL CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF THE PERIOD        9,13        44,955        43,466        31,430  

(*) “Balance of cash equivalent in central banks” includes short term deposits in central banks in the heading “Loans and receivables” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (see Note 13).

The accompanying Notes 1 to 56 and Appendices I to XII are an integral part of the consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

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LOGO

Notes to the consolidated financial statements

 

1.

Introduction, basis for the presentation of the consolidated financial statements, internal control of financial information and other information.

 

1.1

Introduction

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (hereinafter “the Bank” or “BBVA”) is a private-law entity subject to the laws and regulations governing banking entities operating in Spain. It carries out its activity through branches and agencies across the country and abroad.

The Bylaws and other public information are available for inspection at the Bank’s registered address (Plaza San Nicolás, 4 Bilbao) as on its web site (www.bbva.com).

In addition to the activities it carries out directly, the Bank heads a group of subsidiaries, joint venture and associates which perform a wide range of activities and which together with the Bank constitute the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Group (hereinafter, “the Group” or “the BBVA Group”). In addition to its own separate financial statements, the Bank is therefore required to prepare the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2016, the BBVA Group had 370 consolidated entities and 89 entities accounted for using the equity method (see Notes 3 and 16 and Appendix I to V).

These consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, have been authorized for issue on March 31, 2017.

 

1.2

Basis for the presentation of the consolidated financial statements

The BBVA Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards endorsed by the European Union (hereinafter, “EU-IFRS”) applicable as of December 31, 2016, considering the Bank of Spain Circular 4/2004, of 22 December (and as amended thereafter), and with any other legislation governing financial reporting applicable to the Group and in compliance with IFRS-IASB.

The BBVA Group’s accompanying consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 were prepared by the Group’s Directors (through the Board of Directors held on February 9, 2017) by applying the principles of consolidation, accounting policies and valuation criteria described in Note 2, so that they present fairly the Group’s total consolidated equity and financial position as of December 31, 2016, together with the consolidated results of its operations and cash flows generated during the year ended December 31, 2016.

These consolidated financial statements were prepared on the basis of the accounting records kept by the Bank and each of the other entities in the Group. Moreover, they include the adjustments and reclassifications required to harmonize the accounting policies and valuation criteria used by the Group (see Note 2.2).

All effective accounting standards and valuation criteria with a significant effect in the consolidated financial statements were applied in their preparation.

The amounts reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in millions of euros, unless it is more appropriate to use smaller units. Some items that appear without a total in these consolidated financial statements do so because of how the units are expressed. Also, in presenting amounts in millions of euros, the accounting balances have been rounded up or down. It is therefore possible that the totals appearing in some tables are not the exact arithmetical sum of their component figures.

The percentage changes in amounts have been calculated using figures expressed in thousands of euros.

 

1.3

Comparative information

The consolidated financial statements of BBVA Group for the year 2016 are prepared in accordance with the presentation models required by Circular 5/2015 of the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores. The aim is to

 

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adapt the content of the public financial information from the credit institutions and formats of the financial statements established mandatory by the European Union regulation for the credit institution.

The financial statements and the information referred of those dates of 2015 and 2014, has been restated according to the new models mentioned in the previous paragraph. As shown in Appendix XII attached, the presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with these new formats has no significant impact on the financial statements included in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

Certain financial information for the year 2015 has been restated, with no significant impact, as a result of the end in 2016 of the purchase accounting period related to the Garanti Group acquisition (July 2015), as required by IFRS 3 “Business Combinations” paragraph 49 (see Note 18).

Likewise, during 2016, the BBVA Group operating segments have not been significant changes with regard to the existing structure in 2015 (Note 6). The information related to operating segments as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 has been restated for comparability purposes, as required by IFRS 8 “Operating segments”.

 

1.4

Seasonal nature of income and expenses

The nature of the most significant activities carried out by the BBVA Group’s entities is mainly related to traditional activities carried out by financial institutions, which are not significantly affected by seasonal factors within the same year.

 

1.5

Responsibility for the information and for the estimates made

The information contained in the BBVA Group’s consolidated financial statements is the responsibility of the Group’s Directors.

Estimates have to be made at times when preparing these consolidated financial statements in order to calculate the recorded amount of some assets, liabilities, income, expenses and commitments. These estimates relate mainly to the following:

 

·  

Impairment on certain financial assets (see Notes 7, 12, 13, 14 and 16).

 

·  

The assumptions used to quantify certain provisions (see Notes 24 and 25) and for the actuarial calculation of post-employment benefit liabilities and commitments (see Note 25).

 

·  

The useful life and impairment losses of tangible and intangible assets (see Notes 17, 18, 20 and 21).

 

·  

The valuation of goodwill and price allocation of business combinations (see Note 18).

 

·  

The fair value of certain unlisted financial assets and liabilities (see Notes 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12).

 

·  

The recoverability of deferred tax assets (See Note 19).

 

·  

The Exchange rate and the inflation rate of Venezuela (see Notes 2.2.16 and 2.2.20).

Although these estimates were made on the basis of the best information available as of December 31, 2016 on the events analyzed, future events may make it necessary to modify them (either up or down) over the coming years. This would be done prospectively in accordance with applicable standards, recognizing the effects of changes in the estimates in the corresponding consolidated income statement.

 

1.6

BBVA Group’s Internal Control over financial reporting

The financial information prepared by the BBVA Group is subject to an Internal Control over Financial Reporting (hereinafter “ICFR”), which provides reasonable assurance with respect to its reliability and the integrity of the consolidated financial information. It is also aimed to ensure that the transactions are processed in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

The ICFR was developed by the BBVA Group’s management in accordance with the framework established by the “Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission” (hereinafter, “COSO”). The COSO framework sets five components that constitute the basis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control systems:

 

·  

The establishment of an appropriate control framework.

 

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·  

The assessment of the risks that could arise during the preparation of the financial information.

 

·  

The design of the necessary controls to mitigate the identified risks.

 

·  

The establishment of an appropriate system of information to detect and report system weaknesses.

 

·  

The monitoring of the controls to ensure they perform correctly and are effective over time.

The ICFR is a dynamic model that evolves continuously over time to reflect the reality of the BBVA Group’s businesses, processes, risks and controls designed to mitigate them. It is subject to a continuous evaluation by the internal control units located in the different entities of BBVA Group.

These internal control units are integrated within the BBVA internal control model which is based in two pillars:

 

·  

A control system organized into three lines of defense:

 

 

The first line are integrated by the business units, which are responsible for identifying risks associated with their processes and to execute the controls established to mitigate them.

 

 

The second line comprises the specialized control units (Legal Compliance, Global Accounting & Information Management/Internal Financial Control, Internal Risk Control, IT Risk, Fraud & Security, and Operations Control among others). This second line defines the models and control policies under their areas of responsibility and monitors the design and the correct implementation and effectiveness of the controls.

 

 

The third line is the Internal Audit unit, which conducts an independent review of the model, verifying the compliance and effectiveness of the model.

 

·  

A set of committees called Corporate Assurance that helps to escalate the internal control issues to the management at a Group level and also in each of the countries where the Group operates.

The internal control units comply with a common and standard methodology established at Group level, as set out in the following diagram:

 

 

 

LOGO

The Internal Control Units, ICFR Model is subject to annual evaluations by the Group’s Internal Audit Unit and external auditors. It is also supervised by the Audit and Compliance Committee of the Bank’s Board of Directors.

The BBVA Group also complies with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (hereafter “SOX”) for consolidated financial statements as a listed company in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The main senior executives of the Group take part in the design, compliance and implementation of the internal control model to make it efficient and to ensure the quality and accuracy of the financial information.

 

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1.7

Mortgage market policies and procedures

The information on “Mortgage market policies and procedures” (for the granting of mortgage loans and for debt issues secured by such mortgage loans) required by Bank of Spain Circular 5/2011, applying Royal Decree 716/2009, dated April 24 (which developed certain aspects of Act 2/1981, dated March 25, on the regulation of the mortgage market and other mortgage and financial market regulations), can be found in Appendix VIII.

 

2.

Principles of consolidation, accounting policies and measurement bases applied and recent IFRS pronouncements

The Glossary includes the definition of some of the financial and economic terms used in Note 2 and subsequent Notes.

 

2.1

Principles of consolidation

In terms of its consolidation, in accordance with the criteria established by the IFRS, the BBVA Group is made up of four types of entities: subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and structured entities, defined as follows:

 

·  

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group (for definition of the criterion for control, see Glossary).The financial statements of the subsidiaries are fully consolidated with those of the Bank. The share of non-controlling interests from subsidiaries in the Group’s consolidated total equity is presented under the heading “Non-controlling interests” in the consolidated balance sheet. Their share in the profit or loss for the period or year is presented under the heading “Attributable to minority interest” in the accompanying consolidated income statement (see Note 31).

Note 3 includes information related to the main subsidiaries in the Group as of December 31, 2016. Appendix I includes other significant information on these entities.

 

·  

Joint ventures

Joint ventures are those entities over which there is a joint arrangement to joint control with third parties other than the Group (for definitions of joint arrangement, joint control and joint venture, refer to Glossary).

The investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method (see Note 16). Appendix II shows the main figures for joint ventures accounted for using the equity method.

 

·  

Associates

Associates are entities in which the Group is able to exercise significant influence (for definition of significant influence, see Glossary). Significant influence is deemed to exist when the Group owns 20% or more of the voting rights of an investee directly or indirectly, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case.

However, certain entities in which the Group owns 20% or more of the voting rights are not included as Group associates, since the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over these entities. Investments in these entities, which do not represent material amounts for the Group, are classified as “Available-for-sale financial assets”.

In contrast, some investments in entities in which the Group holds less than 20% of the voting rights are accounted for as Group associates, as the Group is considered to have the ability to exercise significant influence over these entities. As of December 31, 2016, these entities are not significant in the Group.

Appendix II shows the most significant information related to the associates (see Note 16), which are accounted for using the equity method.

 

·  

Structured Entities

A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when the voting rights relate to administrative matters only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements (see Glossary).

In those cases where the Group sets up entities or has a holding in such entities, in order to allow its customers access to certain investments, to transfer risks or for other purposes, in accordance with internal criteria and procedures and with applicable regulations, the Group determines whether control over the entity in question actually exists and therefore whether it should be subject to consolidation.

 

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Such methods and procedures determine whether there is control by the Group, considering how the decisions are made about the relevant activities, assesses whether the Group has all power over the relevant elements, exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with the investee and the ability to use power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

 

 

Structured entities subject to consolidation

To determine if a structured entity is controlled by the Group, and therefore should be consolidated into the Group, the existing contractual rights (different from the voting rights) are analyzed. For this reason, an analysis of the structure and purpose of each investee is performed and, among others, the following factors will be considered:

 

  -

Evidence of the current ability to manage the relevant activities of the investee according to the specific business needs (including any decisions that may arise only in particular circumstances).

 

  -

Potential existence of a special relationship with the investee.

 

  -

Implicit or explicit Group commitments to support the investee.

 

  -

The ability to use the Group´s power over the investee to affect the amount of the Group’s returns.

There are cases where the Group has a high exposure to variable returns and retains decision-making power over the investee, either directly or through an agent.

The main structured entities of the Group are the so-called asset securitization funds, to which the BBVA Group transferred loans and receivables portfolios, and other vehicles, which allow the Group’s customers to gain access to certain investments or to allow for the transfer of risks and other purposes (See Appendix I and V). The BBVA Group maintains the decision-making power over the relevant activities of these vehicles and financial support through securitized market standard contractual. The most common ones are: investment positions in equity note tranches, funding through subordinated debt, credit enhancements through derivative instruments or liquidity lines, management rights of defaulted securitized assets, “clean-up” call derivatives, and asset repurchase clauses by the grantor.

For these reasons, the loans and receivable portfolios related to the vast majority of the securitizations carried out by the Bank or Group subsidiaries are not deregistered in the books of said entity and the issuances of the related debt securities are registered as liabilities within the Group’s consolidated balance sheet.

 

 

Non-consolidated structured entities

The Group owns other vehicles also for the purpose of allowing access to customers to certain investment, transfer risks, and other purposes, but without the Group having control of the vehicles and are not consolidated in accordance with IFRS 10. The balance of assets and liabilities of these vehicles is not material in relation to the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

As of December 31, 2016, there was no material financial support from the Bank or subsidiaries to unconsolidated structured entities.

The Group does not consolidate any of the mutual funds it managed since the necessary control conditions are not met (see definition of control in the Glossary). Particularly, the BBVA Group does not act as arranger but as agent since it operates the mutual funds on behalf and for the benefit of investors or parties (arranger of arrangers) and, for this reason it does not control the mutual funds when exercising its authority for decision making.

On the other hand, the mutual funds managed by the Group are not considered structured entities (generally, retail funds without corporate identity over which investors have participations which gives them ownership of said managed equity). These funds are not dependent on a capital structure that could prevent them to carry out activities without additional financial support, being in any case insufficient as far as the activities themselves are concerned. Additionally, the risk of the investment is absorbed by the fund participants, and the Group is only exposed when it becomes a participant, and as such, there is no other risk for the Group.

In all cases, results of equity method investees acquired by the BBVA Group in a particular period are included taking into account only the period from the date of acquisition to the financial statements date. Similarly, the results of entities disposed of during any year are included taking into account only the period from the start of the year to the date of disposal.

 

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The financial statements of subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements of the Group relate to the same date of presentation than the consolidated financial statements. If financial statements at those same dates are not available, the most recent will be used, as long as these are not older than three months, and adjusting to take into account the most significant transactions. As of December 31, 2016, save for the case of the financial statements of 5 associates and joint-ventures deemed non-significant (four of which presented financial statements as of November 30, 2016 and one as of October 31, 2016), all of the financial statements of all Group entities were available.

Our banking subsidiaries, associates and joint venture around the world, are subject to supervision and regulation from a variety of regulatory bodies in relation to, among other aspects, the satisfaction of minimum capital requirements. The obligation to satisfy such capital requirements may affect the ability of such entities to transfer funds in the form of cash dividends, loans or advances. In addition, under the laws of the various jurisdictions where such entities are incorporated, dividends may only be paid out through funds legally available for such purpose. Even when the minimum capital requirements are met and funds are legally available, the relevant regulator or other public administrations could discourage or delay the transfer of funds to the Group in the form of cash, dividends, loans or advances for prudential reasons.

 

2.2

Accounting policies and valuation criteria applied

The accounting standards and policies and the valuation criteria applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements may differ from those used by some of the entities within the BBVA Group. For this reason, necessary adjustments and reclassifications have been made in the consolidation process to standardize these principles and criteria and comply with the IFRS-IASB.

The accounting standards and policies and valuation criteria used in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

2.2.1

Financial instruments

Measurement of financial instruments and recognition of changes in subsequent fair value

All financial instruments are initially accounted for at fair value which, unless there is evidence to the contrary, shall be the transaction price.

Excluding all trading derivatives not considered as economic hedges, all the changes in the fair value of the financial instruments arising from the accrual of interests and similar items are recognized under the headings “Interest income” or “Interest expenses”, as appropriate, in the accompanying consolidated income statement for the year in which the change occurred (see Note 37). The dividends received from other entities, other than associate entities and joint venture entities, are recognized under the heading “Dividend income” in the accompanying consolidated income statement for the year in which the right to receive them arises (see Note 38).

The changes in fair value after the initial recognition, for reasons other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraph, are treated as described below, according to the categories of financial assets and liabilities.

“Financial assets and liabilities held for trading” and “Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss”

The assets and liabilities recognized under these headings of the consolidated balance sheets are measured upon acquisition at fair value and changes in the fair value (gains or losses) are recognized as their net value under the heading “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)” in the accompanying consolidated income statements (see Note 41). Except those interests derivatives designated as economic hedges on interest rate are registered in interest income or expense (Note 37), depending on where the result of the hedging instrument. However, changes in fair value resulting from variations in foreign exchange rates are recognized under the heading “Exchange differences (net)” in the accompanying consolidated income statements.

“Available-for-sale financial assets”

Assets recognized under this heading in the consolidated balance sheets are measured at their fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value (gains or losses) are recognized temporarily for their amount net of tax effect, under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

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Changes in the value of non-monetary items resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized temporarily under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Exchange differences” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Changes in foreign exchange rates resulting from monetary items are recognized under the heading “Exchange differences (net)” in the accompanying consolidated income statements.

The amounts recognized under the headings “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” and “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Exchange differences” continue to form part of the Group’s consolidated equity until the corresponding asset is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet or until an impairment loss is recognized in the corresponding financial instrument. If these assets are sold, these amounts are derecognized and included under the headings “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)” or “Exchange differences (net)”, as appropriate, in the consolidated income statement for the year in which they are derecognized.

The net impairment losses in “Available-for-sale financial assets” over the year are recognized under the heading “Impairment losses on financial assets (net) – Other financial instruments not at fair value through profit or loss” (see Note 47) in the consolidated income statements for that period.

“Loans and receivables”, “Held-to-maturity investments” and “Financial liabilities at amortized cost”

Assets and liabilities recognized under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are measured once acquired at “amortized cost” using the “effective interest rate” method. This is because the consolidated entities generally intend to hold such financial instruments to maturity.

Net impairment losses of assets recognized under these headings arising in each period are recognized under the heading “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss – loans and receivables”, “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss – held to maturity investments” or “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss – financial assets measured at cost” (see Note 47) in the consolidated income statement for that period.

“Derivatives-Hedge Accounting” and “Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest-rate risk”

Assets and liabilities recognized under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are measured at fair value.

Changes occurring subsequent to the designation of the hedging relationship in the measurement of financial instruments designated as hedged items as well as financial instruments designated as hedge accounting instruments are recognized as follows:

 

·  

In fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized under the heading “Gains or losses from hedge accounting, net” in the consolidated income statement, with a corresponding item under the headings where hedging items (“Hedging derivatives”) and the hedged items are recognized, as applicable. Almost all of the hedges used by the Group are for interest-rate risks. Therefore, the valuation changes are recognized under the headings “Interest income” or “Interest expenses”, as appropriate, in the accompanying consolidated income statement (see Note 37).

 

·  

In fair value hedges of interest rate risk of a portfolio of financial instruments (portfolio-hedges), the gains or losses that arise in the measurement of the hedging instrument are recognized in the consolidated income statement, and the gains or losses that arise from the change in the fair value of the hedged item (attributable to the hedged risk) are also recognized in the consolidated income statement (in both cases under the heading “Gains or losses from hedge accounting, net”, using, as a balancing item, the headings “Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk” in the consolidated balance sheets, as applicable.

 

·  

In cash flow hedges, the gain or loss on the hedging instruments relating to the effective portion are recognized temporarily under the heading ““Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Hedging derivatives. Cash flow hedges” in the consolidated balance sheets, with a balancing entry under the heading “Hedging derivatives” of the Assets or Liabilities of the Consolidated Financial Statements as applicable. These differences are recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statement at the time when the gain or loss in the hedged instrument affects profit or loss, when the forecast transaction is executed or at the maturity date of the hedged item (See Note 37).

 

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·  

Differences in the measurement of the hedging items corresponding to the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are recognized directly in the heading “Gains or (-) losses from hedge accounting, net” in the consolidated income statement (See Note 41).

 

·  

In the hedges of net investments in foreign operations, the differences attributable to the effective portions of hedging items are recognized temporarily under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss – Hedging of net investments in foreign transactions” in the consolidated balance sheets with a balancing entry under the heading “Hedging derivatives” of the Assets or Liabilities of the Consolidated Financial Statements as applicable. These differences in valuation are recognized under the heading “Exchange differences (net)” in the consolidated income statement when the investment in a foreign operation is disposed of or derecognized.

Other financial instruments

The following exceptions are applicable with respect to the above general criteria:

 

·  

Equity instruments whose fair value cannot be determined in a sufficiently objective manner and financial derivatives that have those instruments as their underlying asset and are settled by delivery of those instruments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at acquisition cost; this may be adjusted, where appropriate, for any impairment loss (see Note 8).

 

·  

Accumulated other comprehensive income arising from financial instruments classified at the consolidated balance sheet date as “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” are recognized with the corresponding entry under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income- Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss – Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Impairment losses on financial assets

Definition of impaired financial assets carried at amortized cost

A financial asset is considered impaired – and therefore its carrying amount is adjusted to reflect the effect of impairment – when there is objective evidence that events have occurred, which:

 

·  

In the case of debt instruments (loans and advances and debt securities), reduce the future cash flows that were estimated at the time the instruments were acquired. So they are considered impaired when there are reasonable doubts that the carrying amounts will be recovered in full and/or the related interest will be collected for the amounts and on the dates initially agreed.

 

·  

In the case of equity instruments, it means that their carrying amount may not be fully recovered.

As a general rule, the carrying amount of impaired financial assets is adjusted with a charge to the consolidated income statement for the period in which the impairment becomes known. The recoveries of previously recognized impairment losses are reflected, if appropriate, in the consolidated income statement for the year in which the impairment is reversed or reduced, with an exception: any recovery of previously recognized impairment losses for an investment in an equity instrument classified as financial assets available for sale is not recognized in the consolidated income statement, but under the heading “ Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” in the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 30).

In general, amounts collected on impaired loans and receivables are used to recognize the related accrued interest and any excess amount is used to reduce the unpaid principal.

When the recovery of any recognized amount is considered remote, such amount is written-off on the consolidated balance sheet, without prejudice to any actions that may be taken in order to collect the amount until the rights extinguish in full either because it is time-barred debt, the debt is forgiven, or other reasons.

Impairment on financial assets

The impairment on financial assets is determined by type of instrument and other circumstances that could affect it, taking into account the guarantees received by the owners of the financial instruments to assure (in part or in full) the performance of the financial assets. The BBVA Group recognizes impairment charges directly against the impaired financial asset when the likelihood of recovery is deemed remote, and uses an offsetting or allowance account when it recognizes non-performing loan provisions for the estimated losses.

 

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Impairment of debt securities measured at amortized cost

With regard to impairment losses arising from insolvency risk of the obligors (credit risk), a debt instrument, mainly Loans and receivables, is impaired due to insolvency when a deterioration in the ability to pay by the obligor is evidenced, either due to past due status or for other reasons.

The BBVA Group has developed policies, methods and procedures to estimate incurred losses on outstanding credit risk. These policies, methods and procedures are applied in the study, approval and execution of debt instruments and Commitments and guarantees given; as well as in identifying the impairment and, where appropriate, in calculating the amounts necessary to cover estimated losses.

The amount of impairment losses on debt instruments measured at amortized cost is calculated based on whether the impairment losses are determined individually or collectively. First it is determined whether there is objective evidence of impairment individually for individually significant debt instrument, and collectively for debt instrument that are not individually significant. In the case where the Group determines that no objective evidence of impairment in the case of debt instrument analyzed individually will be included in a group of debt instrument with similar risk characteristics and collectively impaired is analyzed.

In determining whether there is objective evidence of impairment the Group uses observable data on the following aspects:

 

·  

Significant financial difficulties of the obligors.

 

·  

Ongoing delays in the payment of interest or principal.

 

·  

Refinancing of credit due to financial difficulties by the counterparty.

 

·  

Bankruptcy or reorganization / liquidation are considered likely.

 

·  

Disappearance of the active market for a financial asset because of financial difficulties.

 

·  

Observable data indicating a reduction in future cash flows from the initial recognition such as adverse changes in the payment status of the counterparty (delays in payments, reaching credit cards limits, etc.)

 

·  

National or local economic conditions that are linked to “defaults” in the financial assets (unemployment rate, falling property prices, etc.).

Impairment losses on financial assets individually evaluated for impairment

The amount of the impairment losses incurred on financial assets represents the excess of their respective carrying amounts over the present values of their expected future cash flows. These cash flows are discounted using the original effective interest rate. If a financial asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective rate determined under the contract.

As an exception to the rule described above, the market value of listed debt instruments is deemed to be a fair estimate of the present value of their expected future cash flows.

The following is to be taken into consideration when estimating the future cash flows of debt instruments:

 

·  

All the amounts that are expected to be recovered over the remaining life of the debt instrument; including, where appropriate, those which may result from the collateral and other credit enhancements provided for the debt instrument (after deducting the costs required for foreclosure and subsequent sale). Impairment losses include an estimate for the possibility of collecting accrued, past-due and uncollected interest.

 

·  

The various types of risk to which each debt instrument is subject.

 

·  

The circumstances in which collections will foreseeably be made.

Impairment losses on financial assets collectively evaluated for impairment

Impairment losses on financial assets collectively evaluated for impairment are calculated by using statistical procedures, and they are deemed equivalent to the portion of losses incurred on the date that the accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared that has yet to be allocated to specific asset. The BBVA Group estimates impairment losses through statistical processes that apply historical data and other specific parameters that, although having been generated as of closing date for these consolidated financial statements, have arisen on an individual basis following the reporting date.

With respect to financial assets that have no objective evidence of impairment, the Group applies statistical methods using historical experience and other specific information to estimate the losses that the Group has

 

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incurred as a result of events that have occurred as of the date of preparation of the consolidated financial statements but have not been known and will be apparent, individually after the date of submission of the information. This calculation is an intermediate step until these losses are identified on an individual level, at which these financial instruments will be segregated from the portfolio of financial assets without objective evidence of impairment.

The incurred loss is calculated taking into account three key factors: exposure at default, probability of default and loss given default.

 

·  

Exposure at default (EAD) is the amount of risk exposure at the date of default by the counterparty.

 

·  

Probability of default (PD) is the probability of the counterparty failing to meet its principal and/or interest payment obligations. The PD is associated with the rating/scoring of each counterparty/transaction.

 

·  

Loss given default (LGD) is the estimate of the loss arising in the event of default. It depends mainly on the characteristics of the counterparty, and the valuation of the guarantees or collateral associated with the asset.

In order to calculate the LGD at each balance sheet date, the Group evaluates the whole amount expected to be obtained over the remaining life of the financial asset. The recoverable amount from executable secured collateral is estimated based on the property valuation, discounting the necessary adjustments to adequately account for the potential fall in value until its execution and sale, as well as execution costs, maintenance costs and sale costs.

In addition, to identify the possible incurred but not reported losses (IBNR) in the unimpaired portfolio, an additional parameter called “LIP” (loss identification period) has to be introduced. The LIP parameter is the period between the time at which the event that generates a given loss occurs and the time when the loss is identified at an individual level. The analysis of the LIPs is carried out on the basis of uniform risk portfolios.

When the property right is contractually acquired at the end of the foreclosure process or when the assets of distressed borrowers are purchased, the asset is recognized in the financial statements (see Note 2.2.4).

Impairment of other debt instruments classified as financial assets available for sale

The impairment losses on other debt instruments included in the “Available-for-sale financial asset” portfolio are equal to the excess of their acquisition cost (net of any principal repayment), after deducting any impairment loss previously recognized in the consolidated income statement over their fair value.

When there is objective evidence that the negative differences arising on measurement of these debt instruments are due to impairment, they are no longer considered as “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” and are recognized in the consolidated income statement.

If all, or part of the impairment losses are subsequently recovered, the amount is recognized in the consolidated income statement for the year in which the recovery occurred, up to the amount previously recognized in the income statement.

Impairment of equity instruments

The amount of the impairment in the equity instruments is determined by the category where they are recognized:

 

·  

Equity instruments classified as available for sale: When there is objective evidence that the negative differences arising on measurement of these equity instruments are due to impairment, they are no longer registered as “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” and are recognized in the consolidated income statement. In general, the Group considers that there is objective evidence of impairment on equity instruments classified as available-for-sale when significant unrealized losses have existed over a sustained period of time due to a price reduction of at least 40% or over a period of more than 18 months.

When applying this evidence of impairment, the Group takes into account the volatility in the price of each individual equity instrument to determine whether it is a percentage that can be recovered through its sale on the market; other different thresholds may exist for certain equity instruments or specific sectors.

In addition, for individually significant investments, the Group compares the valuation of the most significant equity instruments against valuations performed by independent experts.

 

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Any recovery of previously recognized impairment losses for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available for sale is not recognized in the consolidated income statement, but under the heading “ Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available-for-sale financial assets” in the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 30).

 

·  

Equity instruments measured at cost: The impairment losses on equity instruments measured at acquisition cost are equal to the excess of their carrying amount over the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the market rate of return for similar equity instruments. In order to determine these impairment losses, save for better evidence, an assessment of the equity of the investee is carried out (excluding Accumulated other comprehensive income due to cash flow hedges) based on the last approved (consolidated) balance sheet, adjusted by the unrealized gains at measurement date.

Impairment losses are recognized in the consolidated income statement for the year in which they arise as a direct reduction of the cost of the instrument. These impairment losses may only be recovered subsequently in the event of the sale of these assets.

 

2.2.2

Transfers and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities

The accounting treatment of transfers of financial assets is determined by the form in which risks and benefits associated with the financial assets involved are transferred to third parties. Thus the financial assets are only derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet when the cash flows that they generate are extinguished, when their implicit risks and benefits have been substantially transferred to third parties or when the control of financial asset is transferred even with no physical transfer or substantial retention of such assets. In the latter case, the financial asset transferred is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet, and any right or obligation retained or created as a result of the transfer is simultaneously recognized.

Similarly, financial liabilities are derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet only if their obligations are extinguished or acquired (with a view to subsequent cancellation or renewed placement).

The Group is considered to have transferred substantially all the risks and benefits if such risks and benefits account for the majority of the risks and benefits involved in ownership of the transferred financial assets. If substantially all the risks and benefits associated with the transferred financial asset are retained:

 

·  

The transferred financial asset is not derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet and continues to be measured using the same criteria as those used before the transfer.

 

·  

A financial liability is recognized at the amount equal to the amount received, which is subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value with changes in the income statement, whichever the case.

 

·  

Both the income generated on the transferred (but not derecognized) financial asset and the expenses of the new financial liability continue to be recognized.

 

2.2.3

Financial guarantees

Financial guarantees are considered to be those contracts that require their issuer to make specific payments to reimburse the holder of the financial guarantee for a loss incurred when a specific borrower breaches its payment obligations on the terms – whether original or subsequently modified – of a debt instrument, irrespective of the legal form it may take. Financial guarantees may take the form of a deposit, bank guarantee, insurance contract or credit derivative, among others.

In their initial recognition, financial guarantees are recognized as liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value, which is generally the present value of the fees, commissions and interest receivable from these contracts over the term thereof, and the Group simultaneously recognize a corresponding asset in the consolidated balance sheet for the amount of the fees and commissions received at the inception of the transactions and the amounts receivable at the present value of the fees, commissions and interest outstanding.

Financial guarantees, irrespective of the guarantor, instrumentation or other circumstances, are reviewed periodically so as to determine the credit risk to which they are exposed and, if appropriate, to consider whether a provision is required for them. The credit risk is determined by application of criteria similar to those established for quantifying impairment losses on debt instruments measured at amortized cost (see Note 2.2.1).

The provisions recognized for financial guarantees considered impaired are recognized under the heading “Provisions - Provisions for contingent risks and commitments” on the liability side in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 24). These provisions are recognized and reversed with a charge or credit, respectively; to “Provisions or reversal of provision” in the consolidated income statements (see Note 46).

 

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Income from financial guarantees is recorded under the heading “Fee and commission income” in the consolidated income statement and is calculated by applying the rate established in the related contract to the nominal amount of the guarantee (see Note 40).

 

2.2.4

Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale

The heading “Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the consolidated balance sheets includes the carrying amount of assets that are not part of the BBVA Group’s operating activities. The recovery of this carrying amount is expected to take place through the price obtained on its disposal (see Note 21).

This heading includes individual items and groups of items (“disposal groups”) and disposal groups that form part of a major operating segment and are being held for sale as part of a disposal plan (“discontinued operations”). The individual items include the assets received by the subsidiaries from their debtors, in full or partial settlement of the debtors’ payment obligations (assets foreclosed or donated in repayment of debt and recovery of lease finance transactions), unless the Group has decided to make continued use of these assets. The BBVA Group has units that specialize in real estate management and the sale of this type of asset.

Symmetrically, the heading “Liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the consolidated balance sheets reflects the balances payable arising from disposal groups and discontinued operations. Profit or loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale are generally measured, at the acquisition date and at any later date deemed necessary, at either their carrying amount or the fair value of the property (less costs to sell), whichever is lower.

In the case of real estate assets foreclosed or received in payment of debts, they are initially recognized at the lower of: the restated carrying amount of the financial asset and the fair value at the time of the foreclosure or receipt of the asset less estimated sales costs. The carrying amount of the financial asset is updated at the time of the foreclosure, treating the real property received as a secured collateral and taking into account the credit risk coverage that would correspond to it according to its classification prior to the delivery. For these purposes, the collateral will be valued at its current fair value (less sale costs) at the time of foreclosure. This carrying amount will be compared with the previous carrying amount and the difference will be recognized as a provision increase, if applicable. On the other hand, the fair value of the foreclosed asset is obtained by appraisal, evaluating the need to apply a discount on the asset derived from the specific conditions of the asset or the market situation for these assets, and in any case, deducting the company’s estimated sale costs.

At the time of the initial recognition, these real estate assets foreclosed or received in payment of debts, classified as “Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale” are valued at the lower of: their restated fair value less estimated sale costs and their carrying amount; a deterioration or impairment reversal can be recognized for the difference if applicable.

Non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale groups classified as held for sale are not depreciated while included under this heading.

Fair value of non-current assets and disposable instruments held for sale from foreclosures or recoveries is based, mainly, in appraisals or valuations made by independent experts on a yearly based or less should there be evidence of impairment. Gains and losses generated on the disposal of assets and liabilities classified as non-current held for sale, and liabilities included in disposal groups classified as held for sale as well as impairment losses and, where pertinent, the related recoveries, are recognized in “Profit or (-) loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations” in the consolidated income statement (see Note 50). The remaining income and expense items associated with these assets and liabilities are classified within the relevant consolidated income statement headings.

Income and expenses for discontinued operations, whatever their nature, generated during the year, even if they have occurred before their classification as discontinued operations, are presented net of the tax effect as a single amount under the heading “Profit from discontinued operations” in the consolidated income statement, whether the business remains on the balance sheet or is derecognized from the balance sheet. As long as an asset remains in this category, it will not be amortized. This heading includes the earnings from their sale or other disposal.

 

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2.2.5

Tangible assets

Property, plant and equipment for own use

This heading includes the assets under ownership or acquired under lease finance, intended for future or current use by the BBVA Group and that it expects to hold for more than one year. It also includes tangible assets received by the consolidated entities in full or partial settlement of financial assets representing receivables from third parties and those assets expected to be held for continuing use.

Property, plant and equipment for own use are presented in the consolidated balance sheets at acquisition cost, less any accumulated depreciation and, where appropriate, any estimated impairment losses resulting from comparing this net carrying amount of each item with its corresponding recoverable amount.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method, on the basis of the acquisition cost of the assets less their residual value; the land on which the buildings and other structures stand is considered to have an indefinite life and is therefore not depreciated.

The tangible asset depreciation charges are recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statements under the heading “Depreciation” (see Note 45) and are based on the application of the following depreciation rates (determined on the basis of the average years of estimated useful life of the various assets):

 

Type of Assets    Annual Percentage

Buildings for own use

   1% - 4%

Furniture

   8% - 10%

Fixtures

   6% - 12%

Office supplies and hardware

   8% - 25%

The BBVA Group’s criteria for determining the recoverable amount of these assets, in particular buildings for own use, is based on independent appraisals that are no more than 3-5 years old at most, unless there are indications of impairment.

At each reporting date, the Group entities analyze whether there are internal or external indicators that a tangible asset may be impaired. When there is evidence of impairment, the Group analyzes whether this impairment actually exists by comparing the asset’s net carrying amount with its recoverable amount (as the higher between its recoverable amount less disposal costs and its value in use). When the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, the carrying amount is written down to the recoverable amount and depreciation charges going forward are adjusted to reflect the asset’s remaining useful life.

Similarly, if there is any indication that the value of a tangible asset has been recovered, the consolidated entities will estimate the recoverable amounts of the asset and recognize it in the consolidated income statement, recording the reversal of the impairment loss registered in previous years and thus adjusting future depreciation charges. Under no circumstances may the reversal of an impairment loss on an asset raise its carrying amount above that which it would have if no impairment losses had been recognized in prior years.

Running and maintenance expenses relating to tangible assets held for own use are recognized as an expense in the year they are incurred and recognized in the consolidated income statements under the heading “Administration costs - Other administrative expenses - Property, fixtures and equipment” (see Note 44.2).

Other assets leased out under an operating lease

The criteria used to recognize the acquisition cost of assets leased out under operating leases, to calculate their depreciation and their respective estimated useful lives and to recognize the impairment losses on them, are the same as those described in relation to tangible assets for own use.

Investment properties

The heading “Tangible assets - Investment properties” in the consolidated balance sheets reflects the net values (purchase cost minus the corresponding accumulated depreciation and, if appropriate, estimated impairment losses) of the land, buildings and other structures that are held either to earn rentals or for capital appreciation through sale and that are neither expected to be sold off in the ordinary course of business nor are destined for own use (see Note 17).

 

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The criteria used to recognize the acquisition cost of investment properties, calculate their depreciation and their respective estimated useful lives and recognize the impairment losses on them, are the same as those described in relation to tangible assets held for own use.

The BBVA Group’s criteria for determining the recoverable amount of these assets is based on independent appraisals that are no more than one year old at most, unless there are indications of impairment.

 

2.2.6

Inventories

The balance under the heading “Other assets - Inventories” in the consolidated balance sheets mainly includes the land and other properties that the BBVA Group’s real estate entities hold for development and sale as part of their real estate development activities (see Note 20).

The cost of inventories includes those costs incurred in during their acquisition and development, as well as other direct and indirect costs incurred in getting them to their current condition and location.

In the case of the cost of real-estate assets accounted for as inventories, the cost is comprised of: the acquisition cost of the land, the cost of urban planning and construction, non-recoverable taxes and costs corresponding to construction supervision, coordination and management. Borrowing cost incurred during the year form part of cost, provided that the inventories require more than a year to be in a condition to be sold.

Properties purchased from customers in distress, which the Group manages for sale, are measured at the acquisition date and any subsequent time, at either their related carrying amount or the fair value of the property (less costs to sell), whichever is lower. The carrying amount at acquisition date of these properties is defined as the balance pending collection on those assets that originated said purchases (net of provisions).

Impairment

The amount of any subsequent adjustment due to inventory valuation for reasons such as damage, obsolescence, reduction in sale price to its net realizable value, as well as losses for other reasons and, if appropriate, subsequent recoveries of value up to the limit of the initial cost value, are registered under the heading “ Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on non-financial assets “ in the accompanying consolidated income statements (see Note 48) for the year in which they are incurred.

In the case of real-Estate assets above mentioned, if the fair value less costs to sell is lower than the carrying amount of the loan recognized in the consolidated balance sheet, a loss is recognized under the heading “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on non-financial assets” in the consolidated income statement for the period (see Note 48). In the case of real-estate assets accounted for as inventories, the BBVA Group’s criterion for determining their net realizable value is mainly based on independent appraisals no more than one year old, or less if there are indications of impairment.

Inventory sales

In sale transactions, the carrying amount of inventories is derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet and recognized as an expense under the income statement heading “Other operating expenses – Changes in inventories” in the year in which the income from its sale is recognized. This income is recognized under the heading “Other operating income – Financial income from non-financial services” in the consolidated income statements (see Note 42).

 

2.2.7

Business combinations

A business combination is a transaction, or any other deal, by which the Group obtains control of one or more businesses. It is accounted for by applying the acquisition method.

According to this method, the acquirer has to recognize the assets acquired and the liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed, including those that the acquired entity had not recognized in the accounts. The method involves the measurement of the consideration received for the business combination and its allocation to the assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities measured according to their fair value, at the purchase date, as well as the recognition of any non-controlling participation (minority interests) that may arise from the transaction.

 

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In a business combination achieved in stages, the acquirer shall remeasure its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at its acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting gain or loss, if any, in profit or loss under the heading “Gains (losses) on derecognized of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net” of the Consolidated Income Statements. In prior reporting periods, the acquirer may have recognized changes in the value of its equity interest in the acquiree in other comprehensive income. If so, the amount that was recognized in other comprehensive income shall be recognized on the same basis as would be required if the acquirer had disposed directly of the previously held equity interest.

In addition, the acquirer shall recognize an asset in the consolidated balance sheet under the heading “Intangible asset - Goodwill” if on the acquisition date there is a positive difference between:

 

·  

the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of all the non-controlling interests and the fair value of stock previously held in the acquired business; and

 

·  

the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

If this difference is negative, it shall be recognized directly in the income statement under the heading “Gain on Bargain Purchase in business combinations”.

Non-controlling interests in the acquired entity may be measured in two ways: either at their fair value; or at the proportional percentage of net assets identified in the acquired entity. The method of valuing non-controlling interest may be elected in each business combination. So far, the BBVA Group has always elected for the second method.

 

2.2.8

Intangible assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents a portion of consideration transferred in advance by the acquiring entity for the future economic benefits from assets that cannot be individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is never amortized. It is subject periodically to an impairment analysis, and is written off if it is clear that there has been impairment.

Goodwill is assigned to one or more cash-generating units that expect to be the beneficiaries of the synergies derived from the business combinations. The cash-generating units represent the Group’s smallest identifiable asset groups that generate cash flows for the Group and that are largely independent of the flows generated from the Group’s other assets or groups of assets. Each unit or units to which goodwill is allocated:

 

·  

is the lowest level at which the entity manages goodwill internally;

 

·  

is not larger than an operating segment.

The cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment (including the allocated goodwill in their carrying amount). This analysis is performed at least annually or more frequently if there is any indication of impairment.

For the purpose of determining the impairment of a cash-generating unit to which a part of goodwill has been allocated, the carrying amount of that cash-generating unit, adjusted by the theoretical amount of the goodwill attributable to the non-controlling interests, in the event they are not valued at fair value, is compared with its recoverable amount.

The recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit is equal to the fair value less sale costs and its value in use, whichever is greater. Value in use is calculated as the discounted value of the cash flow projections that the unit’s management estimates and is based on the latest budgets approved for the coming years. The main assumptions used in its calculation are: a sustainable growth rate to extrapolate the cash flows indefinitely, and the discount rate used to discount the cash flows, which is equal to the cost of the capital assigned to each cash-generating unit, and equivalent to the sum of the risk-free rate plus a risk premium inherent to the cash-generating unit being evaluated for impairment.

If the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit exceeds the related recoverable amount, the Group recognizes an impairment loss; the resulting loss is apportioned by reducing, first, the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to that unit and, second, if there are still impairment losses remaining to be recognized, the carrying amount of the remainder of the assets. This is done by allocating the remaining loss in proportion to the carrying amount of each of the assets in the unit. In the event the non-controlling interests are measured at fair value, the deterioration of goodwill attributable to non-controlling interests will be recognized. In any case, an impairment loss recognized for goodwill shall not be reversed in a subsequent period.

 

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They are recognized under the heading “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on non-financial assets – Intangible assets” in the consolidated income statements (see Note 48).

Other intangible assets

These assets may have an indefinite useful life if, based on an analysis of all relevant factors, it is concluded that there is no foreseeable limit to the period over which the asset is expected to generate net cash flows for the consolidated entities. In all other cases they have a finite useful life.

Intangible assets with a finite useful life are amortized according to the duration of this useful life, using methods similar to those used to depreciate tangible assets. The defined useful time intangible asset is made up mainly of IT applications acquisition costs which have a useful life of 3 to 5 years. The depreciation charge of these assets is recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statements under the heading “Depreciation” (see Note 45).

The consolidated entities recognize any impairment loss on the carrying amount of these assets with charge to the heading “Impairment or (-) reversal of impairment on non - financial assets- Intangible assets” in the accompanying consolidated income statements (see Note 48). The criteria used to recognize the impairment losses on these assets and, where applicable, the recovery of impairment losses recognized in prior years, are similar to those used for tangible assets.

 

2.2.9

Insurance and reinsurance contracts

The assets of the BBVA Group’s insurance subsidiaries are recognized according to their nature under the corresponding headings of the consolidated balance sheets and the initial recognition and valuation is carried out according to the criteria set out in IFRS 4.

The heading “Reinsurance assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the amounts that the consolidated insurance subsidiaries are entitled to receive under the reinsurance contracts entered into by them with third parties and, more specifically, the share of the reinsurer in the technical provisions recognized by the consolidated insurance subsidiaries.

The heading “Liabilities under insurance contracts” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the technical provisions for direct insurance and inward reinsurance recognized by the consolidated insurance subsidiaries to cover claims arising from insurance contracts in force at period-end (see Note 23).

The income or expenses reported by the BBVA Group’s consolidated insurance subsidiaries on their insurance activities is recognized, in accordance with their nature, in the corresponding items of the consolidated income statements.

The consolidated insurance entities of the BBVA Group recognize the amounts of the premiums written to the income statement and a charge for the estimated cost of the claims that will be incurred at their final settlement to their consolidated income statements. At the close of each year the amounts collected and unpaid, as well as the costs incurred and unpaid, are accrued.

The most significant provisions registered by consolidated insurance entities with respect to insurance policies issued by them are set out by their nature in Note 23.

According to the type of product, the provisions may be as follows:

 

·  

Life insurance provisions:

Represents the value of the net obligations undertaken with the life insurance policyholder. These provisions include:

 

 

Provisions for unearned premiums. These are intended for the accrual, at the date of calculation, of the premiums written. Their balance reflects the portion of the premiums received until the closing date that has to be allocated to the period from the closing date to the end of the insurance policy period.

 

 

Mathematical reserves: Represents the value of the life insurance obligations of the insurance entities at year-end, net of the policyholder’s obligations, arising from life insurance contracted.

 

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·  

Non-life insurance provisions:

 

 

Provisions for unearned premiums. These provisions are intended for the accrual, at the date of calculation, of the premiums written. Their balance reflects the portion of the premiums received until year-end that has to be allocated to the period between the year-end and the end of the policy period.

 

 

Provisions for unexpired risks: The provision for unexpired risks supplements the provision for unearned premiums by the amount by which that provision is not sufficient to reflect the assessed risks and expenses to be covered by the consolidated insurance subsidiaries in the policy period not elapsed at year-end.

 

·  

Provision for claims:

This reflects the total amount of the outstanding obligations arising from claims incurred prior to year-end. Insurance subsidiaries calculate this provision as the difference between the total estimated or certain cost of the claims not yet reported, settled or paid, and the total amounts already paid in relation to these claims.

 

·  

Provision for bonuses and rebates:

This provision includes the amount of the bonuses accruing to policyholders, insurees or beneficiaries and the premiums to be returned to policyholders or insurees, as the case may be, based on the behavior of the risk insured, to the extent that such amounts have not been individually assigned to each of them.

 

·  

Technical provisions for reinsurance ceded:

Calculated by applying the criteria indicated above for direct insurance, taking account of the assignment conditions established in the reinsurance contracts in force.

 

·  

Other technical provisions:

Insurance entities have recognized provisions to cover the probable mismatches in the market reinvestment interest rates with respect to those used in the valuation of the technical provisions.

The BBVA Group controls and monitors the exposure of the insurance subsidiaries to financial risk and, to this end, uses internal methods and tools that enable it to measure credit risk and market risk and to establish the limits for these risks.

 

2.2.10

Tax assets and liabilities

Expenses on corporate income tax applicable to the BBVA Group’s Spanish entities and on similar income taxes applicable to consolidated foreign entities are recognized in the consolidated income statement, except when they result from transactions on which the profits or losses are recognized directly in equity, in which case the related tax effect is also recognized in equity. The total corporate income tax expense is calculated by aggregating the current tax arising from the application of the corresponding tax rate to the tax for the year (after deducting the tax credits or discounts allowable for tax purposes) and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized in the consolidated income statement.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities include temporary differences, defined as the amounts to be payable or recoverable in future years arising from the differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and their tax bases (the “tax value”), and tax loss and tax credit or discount carry forwards (see Note 19).

The “Tax Assets” line item in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the amount of all the assets of a tax nature, and distinguishes between: “Current” (amounts recoverable by tax in the next twelve months) and “Deferred” (which includes the amount of tax to be recovered in future years, including those arising from tax losses or credits for deductions or rebates that can be compensated). The “Tax Liabilities” line item in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the amount of all the liabilities of a tax nature, except for provisions for taxes, broken down into: “Current” (income tax payable on taxable profit for the year and other taxes payable in the next twelve months) and “Deferred” (the amount of corporate tax payable in subsequent years).

Deferred tax liabilities attributable to taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates or joint venture entities are recognized as such, except where the Group can control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is unlikely that it will reverse in the future. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is considered probable that the consolidated entities will have sufficient taxable profits in the future against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized and are not from the initial recognition (except in the case of a business combination) of other assets or liabilities in a transaction that does not affect the fiscal outcome or the accounting result.

 

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The deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized are reassessed by the consolidated entities at each balance sheet date in order to ascertain whether they are still current, and the appropriate adjustments are made on the basis of the findings of the analyses performed. In those circumstances in which it is unclear how a specific requirement of the tax law applies to a particular transaction or circumstance, and the acceptability of the definitive tax treatment depends on the decisions taken by the relevant taxation authority in future, the entity recognizes current and deferred tax liabilities and assets considering whether it is probable or not that a taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment. Thus, if the entity concludes that it is not probable that the taxation authority will accept an uncertain tax treatment, the entity uses the amount expected to be paid to (recovered from) the taxation authorities.

The income and expenses directly recognized in equity that do not increase or decrease taxable income are accounted for as temporary differences.

 

2.2.11

Provisions, contingent assets and contingent liabilities

The heading “Provisions” in the consolidated balance sheets includes amounts recognized to cover the BBVA Group’s current obligations arising as a result of past events. These are certain in terms of nature but uncertain in terms of amount and/or settlement date. The settlement of these obligations is deemed likely to entail an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits (see Note 24). The obligations may arise in connection with legal or contractual provisions, valid expectations formed by Group entities relative to third parties in relation to the assumption of certain responsibilities or through virtually certain developments of particular aspects of the regulations applicable to the operation of the entities; and, specifically, future legislation to which the Group will certainly be subject. The provisions are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets when each and every one of the following requirements is met:

 

·  

They represent a current obligation that has arisen from a past event;

 

·  

At the date referred to by the consolidated financial statements, there is more probability that the obligation will have to be met than that it will not;

 

·  

It is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; and

 

·  

The amount of the obligation can be reasonably estimated.

Among other items, these provisions include the commitments made to employees by some of the Group entities (mentioned in Note 2.2.12), as well as provisions for tax and legal litigation.

Contingent assets are possible assets that arise from past events and whose existence is conditional on, and will be confirmed only by, the occurrence or non-occurrence of events beyond the control of the Group. Contingent assets are not recognized in the consolidated balance sheet or in the consolidated income statement; however, they will be disclosed, should they exist, in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements, provided that it is probable that these assets will give rise to an increase in resources embodying economic benefits.

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations of the Group that arise from past events and whose existence is conditional on the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events beyond the control of the Group. They also include the existing obligations of the Group when it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle them; or when, in extremely rare cases, their amount cannot be measured with sufficient reliability.

Contingent liabilities are not recognized in the consolidated balance sheet or the income statement (excluding contingent liabilities from business combination) but are reported in the consolidated financial statements.

 

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2.2.12

Pensions and other post-employment commitments

Below we provide a description of the most significant accounting criteria relating to post-employment and other employee benefit commitments assumed by BBVA Group entities (see Note 25).

Short-term employee benefits

Benefits for current active employees which are accrued and settled during the year and for which a provision is not required in the entity´s accounts. These include wages and salaries, social security charges and other personnel expenses.

Costs are charged and recognized under the heading “Administration costs – Personnel expenses – Other personnel expenses” of the consolidated income statement (see Note 44.1).

Post-employment benefits – Defined-contribution plans

The Group sponsors defined-contribution plans for the majority of its active employees. The amount of these benefits is established as a percentage of remuneration and/or as a fixed amount.

The contributions made to these plans in each period by BBVA Group entities are charged and recognized under the heading “Administration costs – Personnel expenses – Defined-contribution plan expense” of the consolidated income statement (see Note 44.1).

Post-employment benefits – Defined-benefit plans

Some Group entities maintain pension commitments with employees who have already retired or taken early retirement, certain closed groups of active employees still accruing defined benefit pensions, and in-service death and disability benefits provided to most active employees. These commitments are covered by insurance contracts, pension funds and internal provisions.

In addition, some of the Spanish entities have offered certain employees the option to retire before their normal retirement age, recognizing the necessary provisions to cover the costs of the associated benefit commitments, which include both the liability for the benefit payments due as well as the contributions payable to external pension funds during the early retirement period.

Furthermore, certain Group entities provide welfare and medical benefits which extend beyond the date of retirement of the employees entitled to the benefits.

All of these commitments are quantified based on actuarial valuations, with the amounts recorded under the heading “Provisions – Provisions for pensions and similar obligations” and determined as the difference between the value of the defined-benefit commitments and the fair value of plan assets at the date of the consolidated financial statements (see Note 25).

Current service cost are charged and recognized under the heading “Administration costs – Personnel expenses – Defined-benefit plan expense” of the consolidated income statement (see Note 44.1).

Interest credits/charges relating to these commitments are charged and recognized under the headings “Interest income” and “Interest expense” of the consolidated income statement.

Past service costs arising from benefit plan changes as well as early retirements granted during the period are recognized under the heading “Provisions or reversals of provisions” of the consolidated income statement (see Note 46).

Other long-term employee benefits

In addition to the above commitments, certain Group entities provide long service awards to their employees, consisting of monetary amounts or periods of vacation granted upon completion of a number of years of qualifying service.

These commitments are quantified based on actuarial valuations and the amounts recorded under the heading “Provisions – Other long-term employee benefits” of the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 24).

 

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Valuation of commitments: actuarial assumptions and recognition of gains/losses

The present value of these commitments is determined based on individual member data. Active employee costs are determined using the “projected unit credit” method, which treats each period of service as giving rise to an additional unit of benefit and values each unit separately.

In establishing the actuarial assumptions we taken into account that:

 

 

            They should be unbiased, i.e. neither unduly optimistic nor excessively conservative.

                 They should be mutually compatible and adequately reflect the existing relationship between economic variables such as price inflation, expected wage increases, discount rates and the expected return on plan assets, etc. Future wage and benefit levels should be based on market expectations, at the balance sheet date, for the period over which the obligations are to be settled.

                 The interest rate used to discount benefit commitments is determined by reference to market yields, at the balance sheet date, on high quality bonds.

The BBVA Group recognizes actuarial gains/losses relating to early retirement benefits, long service awards and other similar items under the heading “Provisions or reversal of provisions” of the consolidated income statement for the period in which they arise (see Note 46). Actuarial gains/losses relating to pension and medical benefits are directly charged and recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income – Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss – Actuarial gains or (-) losses on defined benefit pension plans” of equity in the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 30).

 

2.2.13

Equity-settled share-based payment transactions

Provided they constitute the delivery of such equity instruments following the completion of a specific period of services, equity-settled share-based payment transactions are recognized as an expense for services being provided by employees, by way of a balancing entry under the heading “Shareholders’ equity – Other equity” in the consolidated balance sheet. These services are measured at fair value for the employees services received, unless such fair value cannot be calculated reliably. In such case, they are measured by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted, taking into account the date on which the commitments were granted and the terms and other conditions included in the commitments.

When the initial compensation agreement includes what may be considered market conditions among its terms, any changes in these conditions will not be reflected in the consolidated income statement, as these have already been accounted for in calculating the initial fair value of the equity instruments. Non-market vesting conditions are not taken into account when estimating the initial fair value of equity instruments, but they are taken into account when determining the number of equity instruments to be issued. This will be recognized on the consolidated income statement with the corresponding increase in total equity.

 

2.2.14

Termination benefits

Termination benefits are recognized in the accounts when the BBVA Group agrees to terminate employment contracts with its employees and has established a detailed plan.

 

2.2.15

Treasury stock

The value of common stock issued by the BBVA Group’s entities and held by them - basically, shares and derivatives on the Bank’s shares held by some consolidated entities that comply with the requirements to be recognized as equity instruments - are recognized as a decrease to net equity, under the heading “Shareholders’ funds - Treasury stock” in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 29).

These financial assets are recognized at acquisition cost, and the gains or losses arising on their disposal are credited or debited, as appropriate, to the heading “Shareholders’ funds - Retained earnings” in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 28).

 

2.2.16

Foreign-currency transactions and exchange differences

The BBVA Group’s functional currency, and thus the currency in which the consolidated financial statements are presented, is the euro. Thus, all balances and transactions denominated in currencies other than the euro are deemed to be denominated in “foreign currency”.

 

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Conversion to euros of the balances held in foreign currency is performed in two consecutive stages:

 

·  

Conversion of the foreign currency to the functional currency (currency of the main economic environment in which the entity operates); and

 

·  

Conversion to euros of the balances held in the functional currencies of the entities whose functional currency is not the euro.

Conversion of the foreign currency to the functional currency

Transactions denominated in foreign currencies carried out by the consolidated entities (or accounted for using the equity method) are initially accounted for in their respective currencies. Subsequently, the monetary balances in foreign currencies are converted to their respective functional currencies using the exchange rate at the close of the financial year. In addition,

 

·  

Non-monetary items valued at their historical cost are converted to the functional currency at the exchange rate in force on the purchase date.

 

·  

Non-monetary items valued at their fair value are converted at the exchange rate in force on the date on which such fair value was determined.

 

·  

Income and expenses are converted at the period’s average exchange rates for all the operations carried out during the period. When applying this criterion the BBVA Group considers whether significant variations have taken place in exchange rates during the financial year which, owing to their impact on the statements as a whole, require the application of exchange rates as of the date of the transaction instead of such average exchange rates.

The exchange differences produced when converting the balances in foreign currency to the functional currency of the consolidated entities are generally recognized under the heading “Exchange differences (net)” in the consolidated income statements. However, the exchange differences in non-monetary items, measured at fair value, are recognized temporarily in equity under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Exchange differences” in the consolidated balance sheets.

Conversion of functional currencies to euros

The balances in the financial statements of consolidated entities whose functional currency is not the euro are converted to euros as follows:

 

·  

Assets and liabilities: at the average spot exchange rates as of the date of each of the consolidated financial statements.

 

·  

Income and expenses and cash flows are converted by applying the exchange rate in force on the date of the transaction, and the average exchange rate for the financial year may be used, unless it has undergone significant variations.

 

·  

Equity items: at the historical exchange rates.

The exchange differences arising from the conversion to euros of balances in the functional currencies of the consolidated entities whose functional currency is not the euro are recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income – Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Exchange differences” in the consolidated balance sheets. Meanwhile, the differences arising from the conversion to euros of the financial statements of entities accounted for by the equity method are recognized under the heading “ Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Entities accounted for using the equity method” until the item to which they relate is derecognized, at which time they are recognized in the income statement.

The breakdown of the main consolidated balances in foreign currencies, with reference to the most significant foreign currencies, is set forth in Appendix VII.

Venezuela

Local financial statements of the Group subsidiaries in Venezuela are expressed in Venezuelan Bolivar, and converted into euros for the consolidated financial statements, as indicated below, since Venezuela is a country with strong exchange restrictions and has different rates officially published:

 

·  

On February 10, 2015, the Venezuelan government announced the creation of a new foreign-currency system called SIMADI.

 

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·  

The Group used the SIMADI exchange rate from March 2015 for the conversion of the financial statements of the Group companies located in Venezuela for their consolidated financial statements. The SIMADI exchange rate started to reflect the exchange rate of actual transactions increasing rapidly to approximately 200 Venezuelan bolivars per U,S. dollar (approximately 218 Venezuelan bolivars per euro), however, from May, and during the second half of 2015 the trend was confirmed, the SIMADI exchange rate had hardly fluctuated, reaching as of December 31, 2015 216.3 Venezuelan bolivars per euro, which could be considered unrepresentative of the convertibility of the Venezuelan currency.

 

·  

In February 2016, the Venezuelan government approved a new exchange rate agreement which sets two new mechanisms that regulate the purchase and sale of foreign currency (DIRCOM) and the suspension of the SIMADI exchange rate.

 

·  

As of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Board of Directors considers that the use of the new exchanges rates and, previously, SIMADI for converting bolivars into euros in preparing the consolidated financial statements does not reflect the true picture of the financial statements of the Group and the financial position of the Group subsidiaries in Venezuela.

 

·  

Consequently, as of December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Group has used in the conversion of the financial statements of these foreign exchange rates amounting to 469 and 1,893 Venezuelan bolivars per euro, respectively. These exchanges rates have been calculated taking into account the estimated evolution of inflation in Venezuela at those dates (170% and 300%, respectively) by the Research Service of the Group (see Note 2.2.20).

The summarized balance sheet and income statements of the Group subsidiaries in Venezuela, whose local financial statements are expressed in Venezuelan bolivars comparing their conversion to euros with the estimated exchange rate with the balances that would have result by applying the SIMADI exchange rate, are as follows:

 

     Million of Euros  
Balance sheet December 2016   

 

Estimated    

exchange rate    

 

     DIRCOM          Variation      
Cash and balances with central banks      363        971        608  
Securities portfolio      93        248        155  
Loans and recievables      513        1,371        858  
Tangible assets      66        177        111  
Other      36        95        59  
TOTAL ASSETS      1,070        2,862        1,791  
Deposits from central bank and credit institutions      2        5        3  
Customer deposits      778        2,080        1,302  
Provisions      21        57        35  
Other      112        299        187  
TOTAL LIABILITIES      913        2,441        1,528  
     Million of Euros  
Income statements December 2016   

 

Estimated    
exchange rate    

 

     DIRCOM          Variation      
NET INTEREST ICOME      103        275        172  
GROSS INCOME      52        139        87  
Administration costs      55        146        91  

NET OPERATING INCOME

     (3)        (7)        (5)  
OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE TAX      31        82        51  
Tax expense or (-) income related to profit or loss from continuing operation      38        100        63  
PROFIT      (7)        (19)        (12)  
Attributable to minority interest [non-controlling interests]      (3)        (8)        (5)  
Attributable to owners of the parent      (4)        (10)        (6)  

 

2.2.17

Recognition of income and expenses

The most significant criteria used by the BBVA Group to recognize its income and expenses are as follows.

 

·  

Interest income and expenses and similar items:

 

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As a general rule, interest income and expenses and similar items are recognized on the basis of their period of accrual using the effective interest rate method. The financial fees and commissions that arise on the arrangement of loans and advances (basically origination and analysis fees) are deferred and recognized in the income statement over the expected life of the loan. The direct costs incurred in originating these loans and advances can be deducted from the amount of financial fees and commissions recognized. These fees are part of the effective interest rate for the loans and advances. Also dividends received from other entities are recognized as income when the consolidated entities’ right to receive them arises.

However, when a loan is deemed to be impaired individually or is included in the category of instruments that are impaired because their recovery is considered to be remote, the recognition of accrued interest in the consolidated income statement is discontinued. This interest is recognized for accounting purposes as income, as soon as it is received.

 

·  

Commissions, fees and similar items.

Income and expenses relating to commissions and similar fees are recognized in the consolidated income statement using criteria that vary according to the nature of such items. The most significant items in this connection are:

 

  -

Those relating to financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss, which are recognized when collected/paid.

 

  -

Those arising from transactions or services that are provided over a period of time, which are recognized over the life of these transactions or services.

 

  -

Those relating to single acts, which are recognized when this single act is carried out.

 

·  

Non-financial income and expenses:

These are recognized for accounting purposes on an accrual basis.

 

·  

Deferred collections and payments:

These are recognized for accounting purposes at the amount resulting from discounting the expected cash flows at market rates.

 

2.2.18

Sales and income from the provision of non-financial services

The heading “Other operating income” in the consolidated income statements includes the proceeds of the sales of assets and income from the services provided by the Group entities that are not financial institutions. In the case of the Group, these entities are mainly real estate and service entities (see Note 42).

 

2.2.19

Leases

Lease contracts are classified as finance leases from the inception of the transaction, if they substantially transfer all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset forming the subject-matter of the contract. Leases other than finance leases are classified as operating leases.

When the consolidated entities act as the lessor of an asset in finance leases, the aggregate present values of the lease payments receivable from the lessee plus the guaranteed residual value (normally the exercise price of the lessee’s purchase option on expiration of the lease agreement) are recognized as financing provided to third parties and, therefore, are included under the heading “Loans and receivables” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

When the consolidated entities act as lessors of an asset in operating leases, the acquisition cost of the leased assets is recognized under “Tangible assets – Property, plant and equipment – Other assets leased out under an operating lease” in the consolidated balance sheets (see Note 17). These assets are depreciated in line with the criteria adopted for items of tangible assets for own use, while the income arising from the lease arrangements is recognized in the consolidated income statements on a straight-line basis within “Other operating expenses” (see Note 42).

If a fair value sale and leaseback results in an operating lease, the profit or loss generated from the sale is recognized in the consolidated income statement at the time of sale. If such a transaction gives rise to a finance lease, the corresponding gains or losses are accrued over the lease period.

The assets leased out under operating lease contracts to other entities in the Group are treated in the consolidated financial statements as for own use, and thus rental expense and income is eliminated and the corresponding depreciation is recognized.

 

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2.2.20

Entities and branches located in countries with hyperinflationary economies

In order to assess whether an economy is under hyperinflation, the country’s economic environment is evaluated, analyzing whether certain circumstances exist, such as:

 

·  

The country’s population prefers to keep its wealth or savings in non-monetary assets or in a relatively stable foreign currency;

 

·  

Prices may be quoted in a relatively stable foreign currency;

 

·  

Interest rates, wages and prices are linked to a price index;

 

·  

The cumulative inflation rate over three years is approaching, or exceeds, 100%.

The fact that any of these circumstances is present will not be a decisive factor in considering an economy hyperinflationary, but it does provide some reasons to consider it as such.

Since 2009, the economy of Venezuela can be considered hyperinflationary under the above criteria. As a result, the financial statements of the BBVA Group’s entities located in Venezuela have therefore been adjusted to correct for the effects of inflation in accordance with IAS 29 “ Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies”.

The breakdown of the General Price Index and the inflation index used as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for the inflation restatement of the financial statements of the Group companies located in Venezuela is as follows:

 

 

General Price Index

 

   2016 (*)      2015 (**)  
GPI      9,431.60        2,357.90  
Average GPI      5,847.74        1,460.50  
Inflation of the period      300%        170%  

 

(*)

As of December 31, 2016, the Venezuelan government had not released the official inflation figures since December 2015, as in the Annual Report of 2015, the group estimated the inflation rate applicable at 300%.

 

(**)

At the date of preparation of these consolidated financial statements in 2015, the Venezuelan government had not released the official inflation figures. The Group has estimated the inflation rate applicable to December 31, 2015, based on the best estimate of BBVA Research of the Group (170%) in line with other estimates made by various international organizations. Subsequently, at the publication of this Annual Report, the official inflation figures was published, ending at 180.9%

The losses recognized under the heading “Profit attributable to the parent company” in the accompanying consolidated income statement as a result of the adjustment for inflation on net monetary position of the Group entities in Venezuela amounted to 28 and 45 million in 2016 and 2015 respectively.

 

2.3

Recent IFRS pronouncements

Changes introduced in 2016

The following modifications to the IFRS standards or their interpretations (hereinafter “IFRIC”) came into force after January 1, 2016. They have not had a significant impact on the BBVA Group’s consolidated financial statements corresponding to the period ended December 31, 2016.

Amended IFRS 11 - “Joint Arrangements”

The amendments made to IFRS 11 require the acquirer of an interest in a joint operation in which the activity constitutes a business to apply all of the principles on business combinations accounting in IFRS 3 and other IFRSs. These modifications will be applied to the accounting years starting on or after January 1, 2016, although early adoption is permitted.

Amended IAS 16 - “Property, Plant and Equipment” and Amended IAS 38 – “Intangible Assets”.

The amendments made to IAS 16 and IAS 38 exclude, as general rule, as depreciation method to be used, those methods based on revenue that is generated by an activity that includes the use of an asset, because the revenue generated by an activity that includes the use of an asset generally reflects factors other than the consumption of the economic benefits of the asset.

 

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Amended IAS 27 – “Separate financial statements”

Changes to IAS 27 allow entities to use the equity method to account for investment in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, in their separate financial statements.

Annual improvements cycle to IFRSs 2012-2014

The annual improvements cycle to IFRSs 2012-2014 includes minor changes and clarifications to IFRS 5 – Non current assets held for sale and discontinued operations, IFRS 7 – Financial instruments: Information to disclose, IAS 19 – Employee benefits and IAS 34 – interim financial information.

Amended IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements

The amendments made to IAS 1 further encourage companies to apply professional judgment in determining what information to disclose in their financial statements, in determining when line items are disaggregated and additional headings and subtotals included in the statement of financial position and the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and in determining where and in what order information is presented in the financial disclosures.

Amended IFRS 10 - “Consolidated Financial Statements”, Amended IFRS 12 – “Disclosure of interests in other entities” and Amended IAS 28 – “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures”

The amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 28 introduce clarifications to the requirements when accounting for investment entities in three aspects:

 

  ·

The amendments confirm that a parent entity that is a subsidiary of an investment entity has the possibility to apply the exemption from preparing consolidated financial statements

  ·

The amendments clarify that if an investment entity has a subsidiary whose main purpose is to support the investment entity’s investment activities by providing investment-related services or activities, to the entity or other parties, and that is not itself an investment entity, it shall consolidate that subsidiary; but if that subsidiary is itself an investment entity, the investment entity parent shall measure the subsidiary at fair value through profit or loss.

  ·

The amendments require a non-investment entity investor to retain, when applying the equity method, the fair value measurement applied by an investment entity associate or joint venture to its interests in subsidiaries.

Standards and interpretations issued but not yet effective as of December 31, 2016

New International Financial Reporting Standards together with their interpretations had been published at the date of preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, but are not obligatory as of December 31, 2016. Although in some cases the IASB permits early adoption before they come into force, the BBVA Group has not done so as of this date, as it is still analyzing the effects that will result from them.

IFRS 9 - “Financial instruments”

As of July, 24, 2014, IASB issued the IFRS 9 which will replace IAS 39 and includes a new classification and assessment requirements of financial assets and liabilities, impairment requirements of financial assets and hedge accounting policy.

 

  ·  

Classification and assessment of financial assets and liabilities

The classification of financial assets will depend on the company’s business model used for management purposes and the characteristics of the contractual cash flows, resulting in the measurement of such financial assets at amortized cost, fair value with changes in other comprehensive income and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit or loss, net.

The combined effect of applying the company’s business model and the characteristics of the contractual cash flows may result in differences in the stock of financial assets measured at amortized cost or at fair value compared to IAS 39, although the Group does not expect significant changes in this regard.

With regard to financial liabilities, the classification categories proposed by IFRS 9 are similar to those contained in IAS 39, so there should not be very significant differences save for the requirement to recognize changes in fair value related to own credit risk as a component of equity, in the case of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss.

 

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  ·  

Financial assets impairments

Impairment requirements will apply to financial assets measured at amortized cost and at fair value through other comprehensive income, and to lease receivables and certain loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts.

At initial recognition, an allowance is required for expected credit losses resulting from default events that may occur within the next 12 months (“12 month expected credit losses”).

In the event of a significant increase in credit risk, an allowance is required for expected credit losses resulting from all possible default events over the expected life of the financial instrument (“lifetime expected credit losses”).

The assessment of whether the credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition should be performed for each reporting period by considering the change in the risk of default occurring over the remaining life of the financial instrument. The assessment of credit risk, and the estimation of expected credit losses, should be performed so that they are probability-weighted and unbiased and shall include all available information that is relevant to the assessment, including information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable expectations of future events and economic conditions at the reporting date.

As a result, the goal is for the recognition and measurement of impairment to be more proactive and forward-looking than under the current incurred loss model of IAS 39.

Theoretically, an increase in the total level of impairment allowances is expected, since all financial assets will be assessed for at least 12 month expected credit losses and the population of financial assets to which lifetime expected credit losses will be applied is expected to be larger than the population for which there is objective evidence of impairment under IAS 39

 

  ·  

Hedge accounting

IFRS 9 will also affect hedge accounting, because the focus of the Standard is different from that of the current IAS 39, as it tries to align the accounting requirements with economic risk management. IFRS 9 will also permit to apply hedge accounting to a wider range of risks and hedging instruments. The Standard does not address the accounting for the macro hedging strategies. To avoid any conflict between the current macro hedge accounting and the new general hedge accounting requirements, IFRS 9 includes an accounting policy choice to continue applying hedge accounting according to IAS 39.

The IASB has established January 1, 2018, as the mandatory application date, with the possibility of early adoption.

During 2015 and 2016, the Group has been analyzing this new Standard and the implications it will have in 2018 on the classification of portfolios and the valuation models for financial instruments, focusing on impairment loss models for financial assets through expected loss models.

In 2017, the Group will continue working on the definition of accounting policies, on the implementation of the Standard, which has implications both on the financial statements and on the Group´s daily operations (initial and subsequent risk assessment, changes in systems, management metrics, etc.), and also on the models used for the presentation of financial statements.

As of the date of preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements, the Group does not have an estimation of the quantitative impact that this Standard will have on January 1, 2018 when it will come into force. The Group expects to have a parallel calculation during 2017 in order to have comparative information for the previous year when the Standard comes into effect.

Amended IFRS 7 - “Financial instruments: Disclosures”

The IASB modified IFRS 7 in December 2011 to include new disclosures on financial instruments that entities will have to provide as soon as they apply IFRS 9 for the first time.

IFRS 15 - “Revenue from contracts with customers”

IFRS 15 contains the principles that an entity shall apply to account for revenue and cash flows arising from a contract with a customer.

The core principle of IFRS 15 is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to

 

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be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, in accordance with contractually agreed. It is considered that the good or service is transferred when the customer obtains control over it.

The new Standard replaces IAS 18 - Revenue IAS 11 - Construction Contracts, IFRIC 13 - Customer Loyalty Programmes, IFRIC 15 - Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate, IFRIC 18 - Transfers of Assets from Customers and SIC 31 – Revenue-Transactions Involving Advertising Services

This Standard will be applied to the accounting years starting on or after January 1, 2018, although early adoption is permitted.

IFRS 15 – “Clarifications to IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers”

The amendments to the Revenue Standard clarify how some of the underlying principles of the new Standard should be applied. Specifically, they clarify how to:

 

   

Identify a performance obligation (the promise to transfer a good or a service to a customer) in a contract;

 

   

Determine whether a company is a principal (the provider of a good or service) or an agent (responsible for arranging for the good or service to be provided); and

 

   

Determine whether the revenue from granting a license should be recognized at a point in time or over time.

In addition to the clarifications, the amendments include two additional reliefs to reduce cost and complexity for a company when it first applies the new Standard.

The amendments will be applied at the same time as the IFRS 15, i.e. to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early application is permitted.

Amended IFRS 10 – “Consolidated financial statements” and Amended IAS 28 - “Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures”

The amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 establish that when an entity sells or transfers assets are considered a business (including its consolidated subsidiaries) to an associate or joint venture of the entity, the latter will have to recognize any gains or losses derived from such transaction in its entirety. Notwithstanding, if the assets sold or transferred are not considered a business, the entity will have to recognize the gains or losses derived only to the extent of the interests in the associate or joint venture with unrelated investors.

These changes will be applicable to accounting periods beginning on the effective date, still to be determined, although early adoption is allowed.

IAS 12 – “Income Taxes. Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealized Losses”

The amendments made to IAS 12 clarify the requirements on recognition of deferred tax assets for unrealized losses on debt instruments measured at fair value. The following aspects are clarified:

 

   

An unrealized loss on a debt instrument measured at fair value gives rise to a deductible temporary difference regardless of whether the holder expects to recover its carrying amount by holding the debt instrument until maturity or by selling the debt instrument.

   

An entity assesses the utilization of deductible temporary differences in combination with other deductible temporary differences. In circumstances in which tax laws restricts the utilization of tax losses, an entity would assess a deferred tax asset in combination with other deferred tax assets of the appropriate type.

   

An entity’s estimate of future taxable profit can include amounts from recovering assets for more than their carrying amounts if there is sufficient evidence to conclude that it is probable that the entity will achieve this.

   

An entity’s estimate of future taxable profit excludes tax deductions resulting from the reversal of deductible temporary difference.

These modifications will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, although early application is permitted.

 

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IFRS 16 – “Leases”

On January 13, 2016 the IASB issued the IFRS 16 which will replace IAS 17. The new standard introduces a single lessee accounting model and will require a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. A lessee will be required to recognize a right-of–use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments.

With regard to lessor accounting, IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17. Accordingly, a lessor will continue to classify its leases as operating leases or finance leases, and account for those two types of leases differently.

The standard will be applied to the accounting years starting on or after January 1, 2019, although early application is permitted if IFRS 15 is also applied.

IAS 7 – “Statement of Cash Flows. Disclosure Initiative”

The amendments to IAS 7 introduce the following new disclosure requirements related to changes in liabilities arising from financing activities, to the extent necessary to enable users of financial statements to evaluate changes in those liabilities: changes from financing cash flows; changes arising from obtaining or losing control of subsidiaries or other businesses; the effect of changes in foreign exchange rates; changes in fair values; and other changes.

Liabilities arising from financing activities are liabilities for which cash flows were, or future cash flows will be, classified in the statement of cash flows as cash flows arising from financing activities. Additionally, the disclosure requirements also apply to changes in financial assets if cash flows from those financial assets were, or future cash flows will be, included in cash flows from financing activities.

These modifications will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, although early application is permitted.

IFRS 2 – “Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions”

The amendments made to IFRS 2 provide requirements on three different aspects:

 

   

When measuring the fair value of a cash-settled share-based payment vesting conditions, other than market conditions, shall be taken into account by adjusting the number of awards included in the measurement of the liability arising from the transaction.

 

   

A transaction in which an entity settles a share-base payment arrangement net by withholding a specified portion of the equity instruments to meet a statutory tax withholding obligation will be classified as equity settled in its entirety if, without the net settlement feature, the entire share-based payment would otherwise be classified as equity-settled.

 

   

In case of modification of a share-based payment from cash-settled to equity-settled, the modification will be accounted for derecognizing the original liability and recognizing in equity the fair value of the equity instruments granted to the extent that services have been rendered up to the modification date; any difference will be recognized immediately in profit or loss.

These modifications will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early application is permitted.

Amended IFRS 4 “Insurance Contracts”

The amendments made to IFRS 4 address the temporary accounting consequences of the different effective dates of IFRS 9 and the forthcoming insurance contracts Standard, by introducing two optional solutions:

 

 

The deferral approach or temporary exemption, that gives entities whose predominant activities are connected with insurance the option to defer the application of IFRS 9 and continue applying IAS 39 until 2021.

 

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The overlay approach, that gives all issuers of insurance contracts the option to recognize in other comprehensive income, rather than profit or loss, the additional accounting volatility that may arise from applying IFRS 9 compared to applying IAS 39 before applying the forthcoming insurance contracts Standard.

These modifications will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early application is permitted.

Annual improvements cycle to IFRSs 2014-2016

The annual improvements cycle to IFRSs 2014-2016 includes minor changes and clarifications to IFRS 1- Frist-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS 12 – Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities and IAS 28 – Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures.

Amendments to IFRS 1 and IAS 28 will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early application is permitted to amendments to IAS 28. Amendments to IFRS 12 will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017.

IFRIC 22- Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration

The Interpretation addresses how to determine the date of the transaction, and thus, the exchange rate to use to translate the related asset, expense or income on initial recognition, in circumstances in which a non-monetary prepayment asset or a non-monetary deferred income liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration is recognized in advance of the related asset, income or expense. It requires that the date of the transaction will be the date on which an entity initially recognizes the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability.

If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the entity shall determine a date of the transaction for each payment or receipt of advance consideration.

The interpretation will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early application is permitted.

Amended IAS 40 – Investment Property

The amendment states that an entity shall transfer a property to, or from, investment property when, and only when, there is evidence of a change in use. A change in use occurs when the property meets, or ceases to meet, the definition of investment property.

The amendments will be applied to the accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, although early adoption is allowed.

3. BBVA Group

The BBVA Group is an international diversified financial group with a significant presence in retail banking, wholesale banking, asset management and private banking. The Group also operates in other sectors such as insurance, real estate, operational leasing, etc.

Appendices I and II provide relevant information as of December 31, 2016 on the Group’s subsidiaries, consolidated structured entities, and investments in associate entities and joint venture entities. Appendix III shows the main changes in investments for the year ended December 31, 2015, and Appendix IV gives details of the consolidated subsidiaries and which, based on the information available, are more than 10% owned by non-Group shareholders as of December 31, 2016.

 

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The following table sets forth information related to the Group’s total assets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, broken down by the Group’s entities according to their activity:

 

            Millions of Euros  

Contribution to Consolidated Group Total Assets.

Entities by Main Activities

   2016      2015      2014  

Banks and other financial services

     699,592        717,981        601,794  

Insurance and pension fund managing companies

     26,831        25,741        23,370  

Other non-financial services

     5,433        6,133        6,778  

Total

     731,856        749,855        631,942  

The total assets and results of operations broken down by the geographical areas, in which the BBVA Group operates, are included in Note 6.

The BBVA Group’s activities are mainly located in Spain, Mexico, South America, the United States and Turkey, with active presence in other countries, as shown below:

 

·  

Spain

The Group’s activity in Spain is mainly through Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A., which is the parent company of the BBVA Group. The Group also has other entities that operate in Spain’s banking sector, insurance sector, real estate sector, services and as operational leasing entities.

 

·  

Mexico

The BBVA Group operates in Mexico, not only in the banking sector, but also in the insurance sector through Grupo Financiero Bancomer.

 

·  

South America

The BBVA Group’s activities in South America are mainly focused on the banking and insurance sectors, in the following countries: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. It has a representative office in Sao Paulo (Brazil).

The Group owns more than 50% of most of the entities based in these countries. Appendix I shows a list of the entities which, although less than 50% owned by the BBVA Group as of December 31, 2016, are consolidated (see Note 2.1).

 

·  

The United States

The Group’s activity in the United States is mainly carried out through a group of entities with BBVA Compass Bancshares, Inc. at their head, the New York BBVA branch and a representative office in Silicon Valley (California).

 

·  

Turkey

The Group’s activity in Turkey is mainly carried out through the Garanti Group.

 

·  

Rest of Europe

The Group’s activity in Europe is carried out through banks and financial institutions in Ireland, Switzerland, Italy, Netherlands, Romania and Portugal, branches in Germany, Belgium, France, Italy and the United Kingdom, and a representative office in Moscow.

 

·  

Asia-Pacific

The Group’s activity in this region is carried out through branches (in Taipei, Seoul, Tokyo, Hong Kong Singapore and Shanghai) and representative offices (in Beijing, Mumbai, Abu Dhabi, Sydney and Jakarta).

Changes in the Group in 2016

Mergers

The BBVA Group, at its Board of Directors meeting held on March 31, 2016, adopted a resolution to begin a merger process of BBVA S.A. (absorbing company), Catalunya Banc, S.A., Banco Depositario BBVA, S.A. y Unoe Bank, S.A.

 

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This transaction is part of the corporate reorganization of its banking subsidiaries in Spain and has been successfully completed throughout 2016 and has no impact in the consolidated financial statements both from the accounting and the solvency stand points.

Changes in the Group in 2015

During 2015, it was registered the full consolidation of Garanti since the date of effective control (third quarter) and the acquisition of Catalunya Banc (second quarter). These effects impact on the period-on-period comparison of all the income statements.

Investments

Acquisition of an additional 14.89% of Garanti

On November 19, 2014, the Group signed a new agreement with Dogus Holding AS, Ferit Faik Sahenk, Dianne Sahenk and Defne Sahenk (hereinafter “Dogus”) to, among other terms, the acquisition of 62,538,000,000 additional shares of Garanti (equivalent to 14.89% of the capital of this entity) for a maximum total consideration of 8.90 Turkish lira per batch (Garanti traded in batches of 100 shares each).

In the same agreement stated that if the payment of dividends for the year 2014 was executed by Dogus before the closing of the acquisition, that amount would be deducted from the amount payable by BBVA. On April 27, 2015, Dogus received the amount of the dividend paid to shareholders of Garanti, which amounted to Turkish Liras 0.135 per batch.

On July 27, 2015, after obtaining all the required regulatory approvals, the Group has materialized said participation increase after the acquisition of the new shares. Now the Group’s interest in Garanti is 39.9%.

The total price effectively paid by BBVA amounts to 8,765 TL per batch (amounting to approximately TL 5,481 million and 1,857 million applying a 2.9571 TL/EUR exchange rate).

In accordance with the IFRS-IASB accounting rules, and as a consequence of the agreements reached, the BBVA Group shall, at the date of effective control, measure at fair value its previously acquired stake of 25.01% in Garanti (classified as a joint venture accounted for using the equity method) and shall consolidate Garanti in the consolidated financial statements of the BBVA Group, beginning on the above-mentioned effective control date.

Measuring the above-mentioned stake in Garanti Bank at fair value resulted in a negative impact in “Gains or (-) losses on derecognition of non-financial assets and subsidiaries, net” in the consolidated income statement of the BBVA Group for the year 2015, which resulted in a net negative impact in the Profit attributable to owners of the parent of the BBVA Group in 2015 amounting to 1,840 million. Such accounting impact does not translate into any additional cash outflow from BBVA. Most of this impact is generated by the exchange rate differences due to the depreciation of the TL against Euro since the initial acquisition by BBVA of the 25.01% stake in Garanti Bank up to the date of effective control. As of December 31, 2015, these exchange rate differences were already registered as Other Comprehensive Income deducting the stock shareholder’s equity of the BBVA Group.

The agreements with the Dogus group include an agreement for the management of the bank and the appointment by the BBVA Group of the majority of the members of its Board of Directors (7 of 10). The 39.9% stake in Garanti is consolidated in the BBVA Group, because of these management agreements.

The Group estimate according to the acquisition method, the comparison between the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed from Garanti, along with the identified intangible assets, and cash payment made by the BBVA Group in consideration of the transaction generated a goodwill of 624 million (at exchange rate of December 31,2016), which is registered under the heading “Intangible assets - Goodwill” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016 (see Note 18.1).

Acquisition of Catalunya Banc

On July 21, 2014, the Management Commission of the Banking Restructuring Fund (known as “FROB”) accepted BBVA´s bid in the competitive auction for the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, S.A. (“Catalunya Banc”).

On April 24, 2015, once the necessary authorizations have been obtained and all the agreed conditions precedent have been fulfilled, BBVA announced that it acquired 1,947,166,809 shares of Catalunya Banc, S.A. (approximately 98.4% of its share capital) for a price of approximately 1,165 million.

According to the purchase method, the comparison between the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed from Catalunya Banc, and the cash payment made to the FROB in consideration of the transaction generated a difference of 26 million, which is registered under the heading “Negative goodwill

 

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recognized in profit or loss” in the accompanying consolidated income statement as of December 31, 2015. According to the IFRS 3, there is a period, up to a year, to complete the necessary adjustments to the calculation of initial acquisition (see Note 18.1). After the deadline, there has not been any significant adjustment that involves amending the calculation recorded in the year 2015.

Divestitures

Partial sale of China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited (CNCB)

On January 23, 2015 the Group BBVA signed an agreement to sell 4.9% in China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited (CNCB) to UBS AG, London Branch (UBS), who entered into transactions pursuant to which such CNCB shares will be transferred to a third party and the ultimate economic benefit of ownership of such CNCB shares will be transferred to Xinhu Zhongbao Co., Ltd (Xinhu) (the Relevant Transactions). On March 12, 2015, after having obtained the necessary approvals, BBVA completed the sale.

The selling price to UBS is HK$ 5.73 per share, amounting to a total of HK$ 13,136 million, equivalent to approximately 1,555 million (with an exchange rate of EUR/HK$=8.45 as of the date of the closing).

In addition to the above mentioned 4.9%, during the first semester of 2015 various sales were made in the market to total a 6.34% participation sale. The impact of these sales on the consolidated financial statements of the BBVA Group was a gain net of taxes of approximately 705 million. This gain gross of taxes was recognized under “Profit or loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations”.

Sale of the participation in Citic International Financial Holding (CIFH)

On December 23, 2014, the BBVA Group signed an agreement to sell its participation of 29.68% in Citic International Financial Holdings Limited (hereinafter “CIFH”), to China CITIC Bank Corporation Limited (hereinafter “CNCB”). CIFH is a non-listed subsidiary of CNCB domiciled in Hong Kong. The selling price is HK$8,162 million. The closing of such agreement is subject to the relevant regulatory approvals. The estimated impact on the attributable profit of the consolidated financial statements of the BBVA Group will not be significant.

On August 27, BBVA completed the sale of this participation. The impact on the consolidated financial statements of the BBVA Group was not significant.

Changes in the Group in 2014

In 2014 there were no significant changes.

 

4.

Shareholder remuneration system

Shareholder remuneration scheme

During 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 a shareholder remuneration system called the “Dividend Option” was implemented.

Under this remuneration scheme, BBVA offers its shareholders the possibility to receive all or part of their remuneration in the form of BBVA newly-issued ordinary shares; whilst maintaining the possibility for BBVA shareholders to receive their entire remuneration in cash by selling their free allocation rights to BBVA (in execution of the commitment assumed by BBVA to acquire the free allocation rights attributed to the shareholders at a guaranteed fixed price) or by selling their free allocation rights on the market at the prevailing market price at that time.

On September 28, 2016, the Board of Directors approved the execution of the second of the share capital increases charged to voluntary reserves, as agreed by the AGM held on March 11, 2016 to implement the Dividend Option. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s share capital increased by 42,266,085.33 by the issuance of 86,257,317 BBVA newly-issued shares at a 0.49 par value each. 87.85% of the right owners have opted to receive newly-issued BBVA ordinary shares. The other 12.15% of the right owners opted to sell the rights of free allocation assigned to them to BBVA, and as a result, BBVA acquired 787,374,942 rights for a total amount of 62,989,995.36. The price at which BBVA has acquired such rights of free allocation (in execution of said commitment) was 0.08 per right, registered in “Total Equity-Dividends and Remuneration” of the consolidated balance sheet as of December, 31, 2016.

 

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On March 31, 2016, the Board of Directors approved the execution of the first of the share capital increases charged to voluntary reserves, as agreed by the AGM held on March 11, 2016 to implement the Dividend Option. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s share capital increased by 55,702,125.43 by the issuance of 113,677,807 BBVA newly-issued shares at a 0.49 par value each. 82.13% of the right owners have opted to receive newly-issued BBVA ordinary shares. The other 17.87% of the right owners opted to sell the rights of free allocation assigned to them to BBVA, and as a result, BBVA acquired 1,137,500,965 rights for a total amount of 146,737,624.49. The price at which BBVA has acquired such rights of free allocation (in execution of said commitment) was 0.129 per right, registered in “Total Equity-Dividends and Remuneration” of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016.

On September 30, 2015, the Board of Directors approved the execution of the second of the share capital increases charged to voluntary reserves, as agreed by the AGM held on March 13, 2015 to implement the Dividend Option. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s share capital increased by 30,106,631.94 by the issuance of 61,442,106 BBVA newly-issued shares at a 0.49 par value each. 89.65% of the right owners opted to receive newly issued ordinary shares. The other 10.35% of the right owners opted to sell the rights of free allocation assigned to them to BBVA, and as a result, BBVA acquired 652,564,118 rights for a total amount of 52,205,129.44. The price at which BBVA acquired such rights of free allocation was 0.08 per right, registered in “Total Equity- Interim dividends” of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015.

On March 25, 2015, the Board of Directors approved the execution of the first of the share capital increases charged to voluntary reserves, as agreed by the AGM held on March 13, 2015 to implement the Dividend Option. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s share capital increased by 39,353,896.26 (80,314,074 shares at a 0.49 par value each). 90.31% of the right owners opted to receive newly-issued BBVA ordinary shares. The other 9.69% of the right owners opted to sell the rights of free allocation assigned to them to BBVA, and as a result, BBVA acquired 602,938,646 rights for a total amount of 78,382,023.98. The price at which BBVA acquired such rights of free allocation was 0.13 per right, registered in “Total Equity- Interim dividends” of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015.

Dividends

The Board of Directors, at its meeting held on June 22, 2016, approved the payment in cash of 0.08 (0.0648 withholding tax) per BBVA share, as gross interim dividend against 2016 results. The dividend has been set to be paid on July 11, 2017

The Board of Directors, at its meeting held on December 21, 2016, approved the payment in cash of 0.08 (0.0648 withholding tax) per BBVA share, as gross interim dividend against 2016 results. The dividend has been set to be paid on January 12, 2017 (see Note 22.4).

The interim accounting statements prepared in accordance with legal requirements evidencing the existence of sufficient liquidity for the distribution of the interim dividend in the amount approved, are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
               
Available Amount for Interim Dividend Payments   

 

May 31,  

2016  

 

    

November 30,
2016

 

 
Profit of BBVA, S.A. at each of the dates indicated, after the provision for income tax      1,371        1,826  

Less -

     

Estimated provision for Legal Reserve

     11        20  

Acquisition by the bank of the free allotment rights in 2016 capital increase

     147        210  

Additional Tier I capital instruments remuneration

     114        260  

Interim dividends for 2016 already paid

     -        518  

Maximum amount distributable

     1,099        818  

Amount of proposed interim dividend

     518        525  

BBVA cash balance available to the date

     2,614        3,003  

The first amount of the 2016 interim dividend which was paid to the shareholders on July 11, 2016, after deducting the treasury shares held by the Group’s entities, amounted to 517 million, and is recognized under the heading “Stockholders’ funds – Interim dividends” of the interim balance sheet as of December 31, 2016

The total amount of the second dividend of 2016, which was paid to the shareholders on January 12, 2017, after deducting the treasury shares held by the Group’s companies, amounted to 525 million and was

 

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recognized under the heading “Stockholders’ funds – Interim dividends” charged in the “Financial liabilities at amortized cost – Other financial liabilities (see Note 22.4) of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016.

As of February 1, 2017 and in accordance with BBVA’s remuneration policy, it is expected to be proposed for the consideration of the competent governing bodies of approval of a capital increase to be charged to reserves for the instrumentation of a “Dividend Option” in 2017 in a gross of 0.13 euro per share approximately. The subsequent shareholders’ remunerations that could be approved would be fully in cash.

The allocation of earnings for 2016 subject to the approval of the Board of Directors at the Annual Shareholders Meeting is presented below:

 

     Millions of Euros  
        

 

Allocation of Earnings

 

      2016  
Profit for year (*)      1,662  
Distribution:   

Interim dividends

     1,043  

Acquisition by the bank of the free allotment rights(**)

     210  

Additional Tier 1 securities

     260  

Legal reserve

     19  

Voluntary reserves

     130  

 

  (*)

Net Income of BBVA, S.A.

  (**)

Concerning to the remuneration to shareholders who choose to be paid in cash through the “Dividend Option”.

 

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5.

Earnings per share

Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated in accordance with the criteria established by IAS 33. For more information see Glossary of terms.

The Bank issued additional share capital in 2016, 2015 and 2014 (see “Dividend Option” Program in 2015 in Note 26). In accordance with IAS 33, when events, other than the conversion of potential shares, have changed the number of shares outstanding without a corresponding change in resources, the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period and for all the periods presented shall be adjusted. The prior year weighted average number of shares is adjusted by applying a corrective factor.

The calculation of earnings per share is as follows:

 

 

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

 

   2016      2015 (*)      2014 (*)  

Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share (millions of euros)

 

Profit attributable to parent company

     3,475        2,642        2,618  

Adjustment: Additional Tier 1 securities (1)

     (260)        (212)        (126)  

Profit adjusted (millions of euros) (A)

     3,215        2,430        2,492  

Profit from discontinued operations (net of non-controlling interest) (B)

     -        -        -  
Denominator for basic earnings per share (number of shares outstanding)         

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (2)

     6,468        6,290        5,908  

Weighted average number of shares outstanding x corrective factor (3)

     6,468        6,517        6,278  
Adjusted number of shares - Basic earning per share (C)      6,468        6,517        6,278  
Adjusted number of shares - diluted earning per share (D)      6,468        6,517        6,278  
Earnings per share      0.50        0.37        0.40  

Basic earnings per share from continued operations (Euros per share)A-B/C

     0.50        0.37        0.40  

Diluted earnings per share from continued operations (Euros per share)A-B/D

     0.50        0.37        0.40  

Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations (Euros per share)B/C

     -        -        -  

Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations (Euros per share)B/D

     -        -        -  

 

  (1)

Remuneration in the period related to contingent convertible securities, recognized in equity (see Note 22.3).

 

  (2)

Weighted average number of shares outstanding (millions of euros), excluded weighted average of treasury shares during the period.

 

  (3)

Corrective factor, due to the capital increase with pre-emptive subscription right, applied for the previous years.

 

  (*)

Data recalculated due to the mentioned corrective factor.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were no other financial instruments or share options awarded to employees that could potentially affect the calculation of the diluted earnings per share for the years presented. For this reason, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same for both dates.

 

6.

Operating segment reporting

The information about operating segments is provided in accordance with IFRS 8. Operating segment reporting represents a basic tool in the oversight and management of the BBVA Group’s various activities. The BBVA Group compiles reporting information on disaggregated business activities. These business activities are then aggregated in accordance with the organizational structure determined by the BBVA Group management into operating segments and, ultimately, the reportable segments themselves.

During 2016, there have not been significant changes in the reporting structure of the operating segments of the BBVA Group compared to the structure existing at the end of 2015. The structure of the operating segment is as follows:

 

·  

Banking activity in Spain

Includes, as in previous years, the Retail Network in Spain, Corporate and Business Banking (CBB), Corporate & Investment Banking (CIB), BBVA Seguros and Asset Management units in Spain. It also includes the portfolios, finance and structural interest-rate positions of the euro balance sheet.

 

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·  

Real estate activity in Spain

Covers specialist management of real-estate assets in the country (excluding buildings for own use), including: foreclosed real-estate assets from residential mortgages and developers; as well as lending to developers.

 

·  

The United States

Includes the Group´s business activity in the country through the BBVA Compass group and the BBVA New York branch.

 

·  

Turkey

Includes the activity of the Garanti Group.

 

·  

Mexico

Includes all the banking, real-estate and insurance businesses in the country.

 

·  

South America

Basically includes BBVA´s banking and insurance businesses in the region.

 

·  

Rest of Eurasia

Includes business activity in the rest of Europe and Asia, i.e. the Group´s retail and wholesale businesses in the area.

Lastly, the Corporate Center comprised of the rest of the items that have not been allocated to the operating segments. It includes: the costs of the head offices that have a corporate function; management of structural exchange-rate positions; specific issues of capital instruments to ensure adequate management of the Group’s global solvency; portfolios and their corresponding results, whose management is not linked to customer relations, such as industrial holdings; certain tax assets and liabilities; funds due to commitments with employees; goodwill and other intangibles. It also comprises the result from certain corporate operations.

The breakdown of the BBVA Group’s total assets by operating segments as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Total Assets by Operating Segments

 

   2016        2015 (1)        2014 (1)    

Banking Activity in Spain

         332,642            339,775            318,431  

Real Estate Activity in Spain

     13,713        17,122        17,168  

United States

     88,902        86,454        69,261  

Turkey (2)

     84,866        89,003        22,342  

Mexico

     93,318        99,594        93,874  

South America

     77,918        70,661        84,364  

Rest of Eurasia

     18,980        23,469        22,325  
Subtotal Assets by Operating Segments      710,339        726,079        627,765  

Corporate Center and other adjustments (3)

     21,517        23,776        4,108  
Total Assets BBVA Group      731,856        749,855        631,942  

 

  (1) 

The figures corresponding to 2015 and 2014 have been restated in order to allow homogenous comparisons due to changes in the scope and immaterial adjustments of operating segments.

 

  (2) 

The information is presented under management criteria, pursuant to which Garanti’s information has been proportionally integrated based on our 25.01% interest in Garanti. After the agreement Garanti Group begins to consolidate.

 

  (3) 

Other adjustments include adjustments made to account for the fact that, in our Consolidated Financial Statements, Garanti is accounted for using the equity method until the additional acquisition of 14.89% rather than using the management criteria referred above.

 

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The attributable profit and main earning figures in the consolidated income statements for the six months period ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 by operating segments are as follows:

 

                         Millions of Euros               
                           Operating Segments               

Main Margins and Profits by

 

Operating Segments

   BBVA Group       Spain     

Real Estate

 

Activity in

 

Spain

 

    United Sates       Turkey       Mexico      

South

 

America

    

Rest of

 

Eurasia

    

Corporate

 

Center

    Adjustments (3)  
2016                            

Net interest income

     17,059        3,883        60       1,953        3,404        5,126        2,930        166        (461     -  

Gross income

     24,653        6,445        (6     2,706        4,257        6,766        4,054        491        (60     -  

Net operating income (2)

     11,862        2,846        (130     863        2,519        4,371        2,160        149        (916     -  

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     6,392        1,278        (743     612        1,906        2,678        1,552        203        (1,094     -  

Profit

     3,475        912        (595     459        599        1,980        771        151        (801     -  
2015 (1)                            

Net interest income

     16,022        4,001        71       1,811        2,194        5,387        3,202        183        (424     (404

Gross income

     23,362        6,804        (28     2,631        2,434        7,081        4,477        473        (192     (318

Net operating income (2)

     11,254        3,358        (154     825        1,273        4,459        2,498        121        (1,017     (109

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     4,603        1,548        (716     685        853        2,772        1,814        111        (1,187     (1,276

Profit

     2,642        1,085        (496     517        371        2,094        905        75        (1,910     -  
2014 (1)                            

Net interest income

     14,382        3,830        (34     1,443        735        4,906        4,699        189        (651     (734

Gross income

     20,725        6,621        (211     2,137        944        6,513        5,191        736        (575     (632

Net operating income (2)

     10,166        3,585        (357     640        550        4,100        2,875        393        (1,380     (240

Operating profit /(loss) before tax

     3,980        1,272        (1,275     561        392        2,508        1,951        320        (1,666     (83

Profit

     2,618        894        (889     428        310        1,903        1,001        255        (1,285     -  

 

  (1) 

The figures corresponding to 2015 and 2014 have been restated in order to allow homogenous comparisons due to changes in the scope of operating segments (see Note 1.3).

 

 

  (2) 

Gross Income less Administrative Cost and Amortization.

 

 

  (3) 

From the third quarter of 2015, BBVA consolidated Garanti (39.9% owned). In prior periods, Garanti’s revenues and costs are reflected in our segment information only in the proportion of BBVA´s ownership (25.01%). This column includes adjustments resulting from the accounting of the investment in Garanti group using the equity method (versus reflecting the revenues and costs of Garanti only in proportion of BBVA´s ownership Garanti as stated in the management information). This column also includes inter-segment adjustments (see Note 2).

 

 

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7.

Risk management

 

7.1    General risk management and control model      F-49  
7.1.1        Governance and organization      F-49  
7.1.2    Risk appetite framework      F-52  
7.1.3    Decisions and processes      F-54  
7.1.4    Assessment, monitoring and reporting      F-55  
7.1.5    Infrastructure      F-55  
7.1.6    Risk culture      F-56  
7.2    Risk factors      F-56  
7.3    Credit risk      F-58  
7.3.1    Credit risk exposure      F-59  
7.3.2    Mitigation of credit risk, collateralized credit risk and other credit enhancements      F-62  
7.3.3    Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired      F-62  
7.3.4    Past due but not impaired and impaired secured loans risks      F-65  
7.3.5    Impairment losses      F-69  
7.3.6    Refinancing and restructuring operations      F-72  
7.4    Market risk      F-73  
7.4.1    Market risk portfolios      F-73  
7.4.2    Structural risk      F-78  
7.4.3    Financial Instruments compensation      F-80  
7.5    Liquidity risk      F-81  
7.5.1    Liquidity risk management      F-81  
7.5.2    Asset encumbrance      F-85  
7.6    Operational Risk      F-87  
7.7    Risk concentration      F-88  

 

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7.1

General risk management and control model

The BBVA Group has an overall risk management and control model (hereinafter ‘the model’) tailored to their individual business, their organization and the geographies in which they operate, allowing them to develop their activity in accordance with their strategy and policy control and risk management defined by the governing bodies of the Bank and adapt to a changing economic and regulatory environment, tackling risk management globally and adapted to the circumstances of each instance. The model establishes a system of appropriate risk management regarding risk profile and strategy of the Group.

This model is applied comprehensively in the Group and consists of the basic elements listed below:

 

·  

Governance and organization.

 

·  

Risk appetite framework.

 

·  

Decisions and processes.

 

·  

Assessment, monitoring and reporting.

 

·  

Infrastructure.

The Group encourages the development of a risk culture to ensure consistent application of the control and risk management Model in the Group, and to ensure that the risk function is understood and assimilated at all levels of the organization.

 

7.1.1

Governance and organization

The governance model for risk management at BBVA is characterized by a special involvement of its corporate bodies, both in setting the risk strategy and in the ongoing monitoring and supervision of its implementation.

Thus, as developed below, the corporate bodies are the ones that approve this risk strategy and corporate policies for the different types of risk, being the risk function responsible for the management, its implementation and development, reporting to the governing bodies.

The responsibility for the daily management of the risks lies on the businesses which abide in the development of their activity to the policies, standards, procedures, infrastructure and controls, based on the framework set by the governing bodies, which are defined by the function risk.

To perform this task properly, the risk function in the BBVA Group is configured as a single, comprehensive and independent role of commercial areas.

Corporate governance system

BBVA Group has developed a corporate governance system that is in line with the best international practices and adapted to the requirements of the regulators in the countries in which its various business units operate.

The Board of Directors (hereinafter also referred to as “the Board”) approves the risk strategy and oversees the internal management and control systems. Specifically, in relation to the risk strategy, the Board approves the Group’s risk appetite statement, the core metrics (and their statements) and the main metrics by type of risk (and their statements), as well as the general risk management and control model.

The Board of Directors is also responsible for approving and monitoring the strategic and business plan, the annual budgets and management goals, as well as the investment and funding policy, in a consistent way and in line with the approved Risk Appetite Framework. For this reason, the processes for defining the Risk Appetite Framework proposals and strategic and budgetary planning at Group level are coordinated by the executive area for submission to the Board.

With the aim of ensuring the integration of the Risk Appetite Framework into management, on the basis established by the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee approves the metrics by type of risk in relation to concentration, profitability and reputational risk and the Group’s basic structure of limits at geographical area, risk type, asset type and portfolio level. This Committee also approves specific corporate policies for each type of risk.

 

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Lastly, the Board has set up a Board committee focus in risks, the Risk Committee, that assists the Board and the Executive Committee in determining the Group’s risk strategy and the risk limits and policies, respectively, analyzing and assessing beforehand the proposals submitted to those bodies. The amendment of the Group’s risk strategy and of its elements is the exclusive power of the BBVA Board of Directors, while the Executive Committee is responsible for amending the metrics by type of risk within its scope of decision and the Group’s basic structure of limits, when applicable. In both cases, the amendments follow the same decision-making process described above, so the proposals for amendment are submitted by the Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and later analyzed, first by the Risks Committee, for later submission to the Board of Directors or to the Executive Committee, as appropriate.

Moreover, the Risks Committee, the Executive Committee and the Board itself conduct proper monitoring of the risk strategy implementation and of the Group’s risk profile. The risks function regularly reports on the development of the Group’s Risk Appetite Framework metrics to the Board and to the Executive Committee, after their analysis by the Risks Committee, whose role in this monitoring and control work is particularly relevant.

The head of the risk function in the executive hierarchy is the Group’s CRO, who carries out its functions with independence, authority, rank, experience, knowledge and resources to do so. He is appointed by the Board of the Bank as a member of its Senior Management, and has direct access to its corporate bodies (Board, Executive Standing Committee and Risk Committee), who reports regularly on the status of risks to the Group.

The CRO, for the utmost performance of its functions, is supported by a cross composed set of units in corporate risk and the specific risk units in the geographical and / or business areas of the Group structure. Each of these units is headed by a Risk Officer for the geographical and/or business area who, within his/her field of competence, carries out risk management and control functions and is responsible for applying the corporate policies and rules approved at Group level in a consistent manner, adapting them if necessary to local requirements and reporting to the local corporate bodies.

The Risk Officers of the geographical and/or business areas report both to the Group’s CRO and to the head of their geographical and/or business area. This dual reporting system aims to ensure that the local risk management function is independent from the operating functions and that it is aligned with the Group’s corporate risk policies and goals.

Organizational structure and committees

The risk management function, as defined above, consists of risk units from the corporate area, which carry out cross-cutting functions, and risk units from the geographical and/or business areas.

 

·  

The corporate area’s risk units develop and present the Group’s risk appetite proposal, corporate policies, rules and global procedures and infrastructures to the CRO, within the action framework approved by the corporate bodies, ensure their application, and report either directly or through the CRO to the Bank’s corporate bodies. Their functions include

 

 

Management of the different types of risks at Group level in accordance with the strategy defined by the corporate bodies.

 

 

Risk planning aligned with the risk appetite framework principles defined by the Group.

 

 

Monitoring and control of the Group’s risk profile in relation to the risk appetite framework approved by the Bank’s corporate bodies, providing accurate and reliable information with the required frequency and in the necessary format.

 

 

Prospective analyses to enable an evaluation of compliance with the risk appetite framework in stress scenarios and the analysis of risk mitigation mechanisms.

 

 

Management of the technological and methodological developments required for implementing the Model in the Group.

 

 

Design of the Group’s Internal Control model and definition of the methodology, corporate criteria and procedures for identifying and prioritizing the risk inherent in each unit’s activities and processes.

 

 

Validation of the models used and the results obtained by them in order to verify their adaptation to the different uses to which they are applied.

 

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·  

The risk units in the business units develop and present to the Risk Officer of the geographical and/or business area the risk appetite framework proposal applicable in each geographical and/or business area, independently and always within the Group’s strategy/risk appetite framework. They also ensure that the corporate policies and rules approved consistently at a Group level are applied, adapting them if necessary to local requirements; they are provided with appropriate infrastructures for management and control of their risks, within the global risk infrastructure framework defined by the corporate areas; and they report to their corporate bodies and/or to senior management, as appropriate.

The local risk units thus work with the corporate area risk units in order to adapt to the risk strategy at Group level and share all the information necessary for monitoring the development of their risks.

The risk function has a decision-making process to perform its functions, underpinned by a structure of committees, where the Global Risk Management Committee (GRMC) acts as the highest committee within Risk. It proposes, examines and, where applicable, approves, among others, the internal risk regulatory framework and the procedures and infrastructures needed to identify, assess, measure and manage the material risks faced by the Group in its businesses, the determination of risk limits by portfolio or counterparty; and the admission of the operations involving the most relevant risks. The members of this Committee are the Group’s CRO and the heads of the risk units of the corporate area and of the most representative geographical and/or business areas.

The GRMC carries out its functions assisted by various support committees which include:

 

·  

Global Technical Operations Committee: It is responsible for analyzing and decision-making related to wholesale credit risk admission in certain customer segments.

 

·  

Monitoring, Assessment & Reporting Committee: It guarantees and ensures the appropriate development of aspects related to risk identification, assessment, monitoring and reporting, with an integrated and cross-cutting vision.

 

·  

Asset Allocation Committee: The executive body responsible for analysis and decision-making on all credit risk matters related to the processes intended for obtaining a balance between risk and return.

 

·  

Technology & Analytics Committee: It ensures an appropriate decision-making process regarding the development, implementation and use of the tools and models required to achieve an appropriate management of those risks to which the BBVA Group is exposed.

 

·  

Corporate Technological Risks and Operational Control Committee: It approves the Technological Risks and Operational Control Management Frameworks in accordance with the General Risk Management Model’s architecture and monitors metrics, risk profiles and operational loss events.

 

·  

Global Markets Risk Unit Global Committee: It is responsible for formalizing, supervising and communicating the monitoring of trading desk risk in all the Global Markets business units, as well as coordinating and approving GMRU key decisions activity, and developing and proposing to GRMC the corporate regulation of the unit.

 

·  

Corporate Operational and Outsourcing Risk Admission Committee: It identifies and assesses the operational risks of new businesses, new products and services, and outsourcing initiatives.

 

·  

Retail Risk Committee: It ensures the alignment of the practices and processes of the retail credit risk cycle with the approved risk tolerance and with the business growth and development objectives established in the corporate strategy of the Group

Each geographical and/or business area has its own risk management committee (or committees), with objectives and contents similar to those of the corporate area, which perform their duties consistently and in line with corporate risk policies and rules.

Under this organizational scheme, the risk management function ensures the risk strategy, the regulatory framework, and standardized risk infrastructures and controls are integrated and applied across the entire Group. It also benefits from the knowledge and proximity to customers in each geographical and/or business area, and transmits the corporate risk culture to the Group’s different levels. Moreover, this organization enables the risks function to conduct and report to the corporate bodies integrated monitoring and control of the entire Group’s risks.

Internal Risk Control and Internal Validation

The Group has a specific Internal Risk Control unit whose main function is to ensure there is an adequate internal regulatory framework in place, together with a process and measures defined for each type of risk identified in the Group, (and for other types of risk that could potentially affect the Group, to oversee their application and operation, and to ensure that the risk strategy is integrated into the Group’s management. The Internal Risk

 

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Control unit verifies the performance of their duties by the units that develop the risk models, manage the processes and execute the controls. Its scope is global both geographically and in terms of type of risk.

The Director of Group Internal Control Risk is responsible for the function, and reports its activities and work plans to the CRO and the Risk Committee of the Board, besides attending to it on issues deemed necessary.

For these purposes the Internal Risks Control department has a Technical Secretary’s Office, which offers the Committee the technical support it needs to better perform its duties.

The unit has a structure of teams at both corporate level and in the most relevant geographical areas in which the Group operates. As in the case of the corporate area, local units are independent of the business areas that execute the processes, and of the units that execute the controls. They report functionally to the Internal Risk Control unit. This unit’s lines of action are established at Group level, and it is responsible for adapting and executing them locally, as well as for reporting the most relevant aspects.

Additionally, the Group has an Internal Validation unit, which reviews the performance of its duties by the units that develop risk models and of those who use them to manage. Its functions include, among others, review and independent validation, internally, of the models used for the control and management of the Group’s risks.

 

7.1.2

Risk appetite framework

The Group’s risk appetite framework, approved by the Board, determines the risks (and their level) that the Group is willing to assume to achieve its business objectives considering an organic evolution of its business. These are expressed in terms of solvency, liquidity and funding profitability, recurrent earnings, cost of risk or other metrics, which are reviewed periodically as well as in case of material changes to the entity’s business or relevant corporate transactions. The definition of the risk appetite has the following goals:

 

·  

To express the maximum levels of risk it is willing to assume, at both Group and geographical and/or business area level.

 

·  

To establish a set of guidelines for action and a management framework for the medium and long term that prevent actions from being taken (at both Group and geographical and/or business area level) that could compromise the future viability of the Group.

 

·  

To establish a framework for relations with the geographical and/or business areas that, while preserving their decision-making autonomy, ensures they act consistently, avoiding uneven behavior.

 

·  

To establish a common language throughout the organization and develop a compliance-oriented risk culture.

 

·  

Alignment with the new regulatory requirements, facilitating communication with regulators, investors and other stakeholders, thanks to an integrated and stable risk management framework.

Risk appetite framework is expressed through the following elements:

Risk appetite statement

Sets out the general principles of the Group’s risk strategy and the target risk profile. The Group’s Risk appetite statement is:

BBVA Group’s risk policy is designed to achieve a moderate risk profile for the entity, through: prudent management and a responsible universal banking business model targeted to value creation, risk-adjusted return and recurrence of results; diversified by geography, asset class, portfolio and clients; and with presence in emerging and developed countries, maintaining a medium/low risk profile in every country, and focusing on a long term relationship with the client.

Core metrics and statements

Based on the risk appetite statement, statements are established to set down the general risk management principles in terms of solvency, profitability, liquidity and funding.

 

·  

Solvency: a sound capital position, maintaining resilient capital buffer from regulatory and internal requirements that supports the regular development of banking activity even under stress situations. As a result, BBVA proactively manages its capital position, which is tested under different stress scenarios from a regular basis.

 

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·  

Liquidity and funding: A sound balance-sheet structure to sustain the business model. Maintenance of an adequate volume of stable resources, a diversified wholesale funding structure, which limits the weight of short term funding and ensures the access to the different funding markets, optimizing the costs and preserving a cushion of liquid assets to overcome a liquidity survival period under stress scenarios.

 

·  

Income recurrence and profitability: A sound margin-generation capacity supported by a recurrent business model based on the diversification of assets, a stable funding and a customer focus; combined with a moderate risk profile that limits the credit losses even under stress situations; all focused on allowing income stability and maximizing the risk-adjusted profitability.

In addition, the core metrics define, in quantitative terms, the principles and the target risk profile set out in the risk appetite statement and are in line with the strategy of the Group. Each metric have three thresholds (traffic-light approach) ranging from a standard business management to higher deterioration levels: Management reference, Maximum appetite and Maximum capacity. The Group’s Core metrics are:

 

LOGO

By type of risk metrics and statements

Based on the core metrics, statements are established for each type of risk reflecting the main principles governing the management of that risk and several metrics are calibrated, compliance with which enables compliance with the core metrics and the statement of the Group. By type of risk metrics define the strategic positioning per type of risk and have a maximum appetite level.

Basic limits structure (core limits)

The purpose of the basic limits structure or core limits is to manage risks on an ongoing basis within the thresholds tolerated by core and “by type of risk” metrics; so they are a breakdown by geography and portfolio of the same metrics or complementary metrics.

In addition to this framework, there’s a Management limits level that is defined and managed by the Risk Area developing the core limits, in order to ensure that the early management of risks by subcategories or by subportfolios complies with that core limits and, in general, with the risk appetite framework.

The following graphic summarizes the structure of BBVA’s Risk appetite framework:

 

LOGO

 

 

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The corporate risk area works with the various geographical and/or business areas to define their risk appetite framework, which will be coordinated with and integrated into the Group’s risk appetite to ensure that its profile fits as defined.

The risk appetite framework defined by the Group expresses the levels and types of risk that the Bank is willing to assume to be able to implement its strategic plan with no relevant deviations, even in situations of stress. The risk appetite framework is integrated in the management and determines the basic lines of activity of the Group, because it sets the framework within the budget is developed.

During 2016, the Risk Appetite metrics evolved in line with the set profile.

 

7.1.3

Decisions and processes

The transfer of risk appetite framework to ordinary management is supported by three basic aspects:

 

·  

A standardized set of regulations

 

·  

Risk planning

 

·  

Comprehensive management of risks over their life cycle

Standardized regulatory framework

The corporate GRM area is responsible for proposing the definition and development of the corporate policies, specific rules, procedures and schemes of delegation based on which risk decisions should be taken within the Group.

This process aims for the following objectives:

 

·  

Hierarchy and structure: well-structured information through a clear and simple hierarchy creating relations between documents that depend on each other.

 

·  

Simplicity: an appropriate and sufficient number of documents.

 

·  

Standardization: a standardized name and content of document.

 

·  

Accessibility: ability to search for, and easy access to, documentation through the corporate risk management library.

The approval of corporate policies for all types of risks corresponds to the corporate bodies of the Bank, while the corporate risk area endorses the remaining regulations.

Risk units of geographical and / or business areas continue to adapt to local requirements the regulatory framework for the purpose of having a decision process that is appropriate at local level and aligned with the Group policies. If such adaptation is necessary, the local risk area must inform the corporate GRM area, which must ensure the consistency of the set of regulations at the level of the entire Group, and thus must give its approval prior to any modifications proposed by the local risk areas.

Risk planning

Risk planning ensures that the risk appetite framework is integrated into management through a cascade process for establishing limits and profitability adjusted to the risk profile, in which the function of the corporate area risk units and the geographical and/or business areas is to guarantee the alignment of this process against the Group’s risk appetite framework in terms of solvency, profitability, liquidity and funding.

It has tools in place that allow the risk appetite framework defined at aggregate level to be assigned and monitored by business areas, legal entities, types of risk, concentrations and any other level considered necessary.

The risk planning process is present within the rest of the Group’s planning framework so as to ensure consistency among all of them.

 

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Daily risk management

All risks must be managed comprehensively during their life cycle, and be treated differently depending on the type.

The risk management cycle is composed of 5 elements:

 

·  

Planning: with the aim of ensuring that the Group’s activities are consistent with the target risk profile and guaranteeing solvency in the development of the strategy.

 

·  

Assessment: a process focused on identifying all the risks inherent to the activities carried out by the Group.

 

·  

Formalization: includes the risk origination, approval and formalization stages.

 

·  

Monitoring and reporting: continuous and structured monitoring of risks and preparation of reports for internal and/or external (market, investors, etc.) consumption.

 

·  

Active portfolio management: focused on identifying business opportunities in existing portfolios and new markets, businesses and products.

 

7.1.4

Assessment, monitoring and reporting

Assessment, monitoring and reporting is a cross-cutting element that should ensure that the Model has a dynamic and proactive vision to enable compliance with the risk appetite framework approved by the corporate bodies, even in adverse scenarios. The materialization of this process has the following objectives:

 

·  

Assess compliance with the risk appetite framework at the present time, through monitoring of the core metrics, metrics by type of risk and the basic structure of limits.

 

·  

Assess compliance with the risk appetite framework in the future, through the projection of the risk appetite framework variables, in both a baseline scenario determined by the budget and a risk scenario determined by the stress tests.

 

·  

Identify and assess the risk factors and scenarios that could compromise compliance with the risk appetite framework, through the development of a risk repository and an analysis of the impact of those risks.

 

·  

Act to mitigate the impact in the Group of the identified risk factors and scenarios, ensuring this impact remains within the target risk profile.

 

·  

Supervise the key variables that are not a direct part of the risk appetite framework, but that condition its compliance. These can be either external or internal.

This process is integrated in the activity of the risk units, both of the corporate area and in the business units, and it is carried out during the following phases:

 

·  

Identification of risk factors, aimed at generating a map with the most relevant risk factors that can compromise the Group’s performance in relation to the thresholds defined in the risk appetite framework.

 

·  

Impact evaluation. This involves evaluating the impact that the materialization of one (or more) of the risk factors identified in the previous phase could have on the risk appetite framework metrics, through the occurrence of a given scenario.

 

·  

Response to undesired situations and realignment measures. Exceeding the parameters will trigger an analysis of the realignment measures to enable dynamic management of the situation, even before it occurs.

 

·  

Monitoring. The aim is to avoid losses before they occur by monitoring the Group’s current risk profile and the identified risk factors.

 

·  

Reporting. This aims to provide information on the assumed risk profile by offering accurate, complete and reliable data to the corporate bodies and to senior management, with the frequency and completeness appropriate to the nature, significance and complexity of the risks.

 

7.1.5

Infrastructure

The infrastructure is an element that must ensure that the Group has the human and technological resources needed for effective management and supervision of risks in order to carry out the functions set out in the Group’s risk Model and the achievement of their objectives.

 

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With respect to human resources, the Group’s risk function has an adequate workforce, in terms of number, skills, knowledge and experience.

With regards to technology, the Group ensures the integrity of management information systems and the provision of the infrastructure needed for supporting risk management, including tools appropriate to the needs arising from the different types of risks for their admission, management, assessment and monitoring.

The principles that govern the Group risk technology are:

 

·  

Standardization: the criteria are consistent across the Group, thus ensuring that risk handling is standardized at geographical and/or business area level.

 

·  

Integration in management: the tools incorporate the corporate risk policies and are applied in the Group’s day-to-day management.

 

·  

Automation of the main processes making up the risk management cycle.

 

·  

Appropriateness: provision of adequate information at the right time.

Through the “Risk Analytics” function, the Group has a corporate framework in place for developing the measurement techniques and models. It covers all the types of risks and the different purposes and uses a standard language for all the activities and geographical/business areas and decentralized execution to make the most of the Group’s global reach. The aim is to continually evolve the existing risk models and generate others that cover the new areas of the businesses that develop them, so as to reinforce the anticipation and proactiveness that characterize the Group’s risk function.

Also the risk units of geographical and / or business areas have sufficient means from the point of view of resources, structures and tools to develop a risk management in line with the corporate model.

 

7.1.6

Risk culture

BBVA considers risk culture to be an essential element for consolidating and integrating the other components of the Model. The culture transfers the implications that are involved in the Group’s activities and businesses to all the levels of the organization. The risk culture is organized through a number of levers, including the following:

 

  ·  

Communication: promotes the dissemination of the Model, and in particular the principles that must govern risk management in the Group, in a consistent and integrated manner across the organization, through the most appropriate channels. GRM has a number of communication channels to facilitate the transmission of information and knowledge among the various teams in the function and the Group, adapting the frequency, formats and recipients based on the proposed goal, in order to strengthen the basic principles of the risk function. The risk culture and the management model thus emanate from the Group’s corporate bodies and senior management and are transmitted throughout the organization.

 

  ·  

Training: its main aim is to disseminate and establish the model of risk management across the organization, ensuring standards in the skills and knowledge of the different persons involved in the risk management processes.

Well defined and implemented training ensures continuous improvement of the skills and knowledge of the Group’s professionals, and in particular of the GRM area, and is based on four aspects that aim to develop each of the needs of the GRM group by increasing its knowledge and skills in different fields such as: finance and risks, tools and technology, management and skills, and languages.

 

  ·  

Motivation: the aim in this area is for the incentives of the risk function teams to support the strategy for managing those teams and the function’s values and culture at all levels. Includes compensation and all those elements related to motivation – working environment, etc. which contribute to the achievement Model objectives.

 

7.2

Risk factors

As mentioned earlier, BBVA has processes in place for identifying risks and analyzing scenarios that enable the Group to manage risks in a dynamic and proactive way.

 

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The risk identification processes are forward looking to ensure the identification of emerging risks and take into account the concerns of both the business areas, which are close to the reality of the different geographical areas, and the corporate areas and senior management.

Risks are captured and measured consistently using the methodologies deemed appropriate in each case. Their measurement includes the design and application of scenario analyses and stress testing and considers the controls to which the risks are subjected.

As part of this process, a forward projection of the risk appetite framework variables in stress scenarios is conducted in order to identify possible deviations from the established thresholds. If any such deviations are detected, appropriate measures are taken to keep the variables within the target risk profile.

To this extent, there are a number of emerging risks that could affect the Group’s business trends. These risks are described in the following main blocks:

 

·  

Macroeconomic and geopolitical risks

According to the latest information available, global growth remains stable at approximately 3% year-on- year. Throughout the year there was an increase in the dynamism of global trade, the manufacturing cycle and the confidence indicators, due to lax monetary conditions, fiscal policies that, although not expansive, are also not cyclical, moderate raw material prices, especially oil prices (which favors the demand of importing economies) and the gradual reduction of the accumulated private leverage excess in developed economies. All of this would favor a slight improvement in global growth in 2017.

The risks of this scenario are compounded by:

 

 

increasing vulnerabilities in China caused by the accumulation of corporate debt;

 

 

uncertainty about the effective implementation of Great Britain’s UE exit process;

 

 

uncertainty arising from the potential increase in trade protectionism. All this in a complex geopolitical environment

The remaining events that make up the uncertainties for 2017, which could affect the valuation of the Group’s holdings in certain countries:

 

 

Upward inflationary pressure and downward pressure on Mexico’s growth. The Central Bank of Mexico (Banxico) has continued the interest rate increases since the end of 2015, around 50 basis points per quarter, to 5.75% in December. Next steps are likely to go in the same direction to counteract upward inflationary pressure and expectations against the depreciation of the Mexican peso (in 2016, -13.1% year-on-year depreciation against the euro). This behavior results from the deterioration of Mexico’s growth expectations, assuming a less favorable framework for trade relations with the United States.

 

 

In terms of geopolitical tensions in some geographies, it is noteworthy the uncertainty following the attempt of coup d’etat last July in Turkey, which together with the tightening of global financing conditions favors an intense slowdown in economic growth.

In this regard, the Group’s geographical diversification is a key element in achieving a high level of revenue recurrence, despite the environmental conditions and economic cycles of the economies in which it operates.

 

·  

Regulatory and reputational risks

 

 

Financial institutions are exposed to a complex and ever-changing regulatory environment defined by governments and regulators. This can affect their ability to grow and the capacity of certain businesses to develop, and result in stricter liquidity and capital requirements with lower profitability ratios. The Group constantly monitors changes in the regulatory framework that allow for anticipation and adaptation to them in a timely manner, adopt best practices and more efficient and rigorous criteria in its implementation.

 

 

The financial sector is under ever closer scrutiny by regulators, governments and society itself. Negative news or inappropriate behavior can significantly damage the Group’s reputation and affect its ability to develop a sustainable business. The attitudes and behaviors of the group and its members are governed by the principles of integrity, honesty, long-term vision and best practices through, inter alia, internal control Model, the Code of Conduct, tax strategy and Responsible Business Strategy of the Group.

 

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·  

Business, operational and legal risks

 

 

New technologies and forms of customer relationships: Developments in the digital world and in information technologies pose significant challenges for financial institutions, entailing threats (new competitors, disintermediation…) but also opportunities (new framework of relations with customers, greater ability to adapt to their needs, new products and distribution channels...). Digital transformation is a priority for the Group as it aims to lead digital banking of the future as one of its objectives.

 

 

Technological risks and security breaches: The Group is exposed to new threats such as cyber-attacks, theft of internal and customer databases, fraud in payment systems, etc. that require major investments in security from both the technological and human point of view. The Group gives great importance to the active operational and technological risk management and control. One example was the early adoption of advanced models for management of these risks (AMA - Advanced Measurement Approach).

 

 

The financial sector is exposed to increasing litigation, so the financial institutions face a large number of proceedings which economic consequences are difficult to determine. The Group manages and monitors these proceedings to defend its interests, where necessary allocating the corresponding provisions to cover them, following the expert criteria of internal lawyers and external attorneys responsible for the legal handling of the procedures, in accordance with applicable legislation.

 

7.3

Credit risk

Credit risk arises from the probability that one party to a financial instrument will fail to meet its contractual obligations for reasons of insolvency or inability to pay and cause a financial loss for the other party.

It is the most important risk for the Group and includes counterparty risk, issuer risk, settlement risk and country risk management.

The principles underpinning credit risk management in BBVA are as follows:

 

·  

Availability of basic information for the study and proposal of risk, and supporting documentation for approval, which sets out the conditions required by the internal relevant body.

 

·  

Sufficient generation of funds and asset solvency of the customer to assume principal and interest repayments of loans owed.

 

·  

Establishment of adequate and sufficient guarantees that allow effective recovery of the operation, this being considered a secondary and exceptional method of recovery when the first has failed.

Credit risk management in the Group has an integrated structure for all its functions, allowing decisions to be taken objectively and independently throughout the life cycle of the risk.

 

·  

At Group level: frameworks for action and standard rules of conduct are defined for handling risk, specifically, the circuits, procedures, structure and supervision.

 

·  

At the business area level: they are responsible for adapting the Group’s criteria to the local realities of each geographical area and for direct management of risk according to the decision-making circuit:

 

 

Retail risks: in general, the decisions are formalized according to the scoring tools, within the general framework for action of each business area with regard to risks. The changes in weighting and variables of these tools must be validated by the corporate GRM area.

 

 

Wholesale risks: in general, the decisions are formalized by each business area within its general framework for action with regard to risks, which incorporates the delegation rule and the Group’s corporate policies.

 

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7.3.1

Credit risk exposure

In accordance with IFRS 7, “Financial Instruments: Disclosures” the BBVA Group’s maximum credit risk exposure (see definition below) by headings in the balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is provided below. It does not consider the availability of collateral or other credit enhancements to guarantee compliance with payment obligations. The details are broken down by financial instruments and counterparties.

 

         Millions of Euros  
                          
                          
Maximum Credit Risk Exposure     Notes          2016            2015            2014     
                          

Financial assets held for trading

 

10

 

     31,995        37,424        39,028  

Debt securities

       27,166        32,825        33,883  

Government

       24,165        29,454        28,212  

Credit institutions

       1,652        1,765        3,048  

Other sectors

       1,349        1,606        2,623  

Equity instruments

       4,675        4,534        5,017  

Customer lending

       154        65        128  
Other financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss   11      2,062        2,311        2,761  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     -        62        -  

Debt securities

       142        173        737  

Government

       84        132        141  

Credit institutions

       47        29        16  

Other sectors

       11        11        580  

Equity instruments

       1,920        2,075        2,024  
Available-for-sale financial assets   12      79,553        113,710        95,049  

Debt securities

       74,739        108,448        87,679  

Government

       55,047        81,579        63,764  

Credit institutions

       5,011        8,069        7,377  

Other sectors

       14,682        18,800        16,538  

Equity instruments

       4,814        5,262        7,370  
Loans and receivables      482,011        490,580        390,362  

Loans and advances to central banks

  13.1      8,894        17,830        5,429  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

  13.1      31,416        29,368        25,371  

Loans and advances to customers

  13.2      430,474        432,856        352,900  

Government

       34,873        38,611        37,113  

Agriculture

       4,312        4,315        4,348  

Industry

       57,072        56,913        37,580  

Real estate and construction

     37,002        38,964        33,152  

Trade and finance

       47,045        43,576        43,880  

Loans to individuals

       192,281        194,288        158,586  

Other

       57,889        56,188        38,242  

Debt securities

  13.3      11,226        10,526        6,663  

Government

       4,709        3,275        5,608  

Credit institutions

       37        125        81  

Other sectors

       6,481        7,126        975  
Held-to-maturity investments   14      17,710        -        -  

Government

       16,049        -        -  

Credit institutions

       1,515        -        -  

Other sectors

       146        -        -  
Derivatives (trading and hedging)      54,122        49,350        47,248  
Total Financial Assets Risk      667,454        693,375        574,448  

Loan commitments given

     107,254        123,620        96,714  

Financial guarantees given

     18,267        19,176        14,398  

Other Commitments given

     42,592        42,813        28,881  

Total Loan commitments and financial guarantees

 

  33      168,113        185,609        139,993  

 

Total Maximum Credit Exposure

 

       835,567        878,984        714,441  

 

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The maximum credit exposure presented in the table above is determined by type of financial asset as explained below:

 

·  

In the case of financial assets recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, exposure to credit risk is considered equal to its carrying amount (not including impairment losses), with the sole exception of derivatives and hedging derivatives.

 

·  

The maximum credit risk exposure on financial guarantees granted is the maximum that the Group would be liable for if these guarantees were called in, and that is their carrying amount.

 

·  

Our calculation of risk exposure for derivatives is based on the sum of two factors: the derivatives fair value and their potential risk (or “add-on”).

 

 

The first factor, fair value, reflects the difference between original commitments and fair values on the reporting date (mark-to-market). As indicated in Note 2.2.1, derivatives are accounted for as of each reporting date at fair value in accordance with IAS 39.

 

 

The second factor, potential risk (‘add-on’), is an estimate of the maximum increase to be expected on risk exposure over a derivative fair value (at a given statistical confidence level) as a result of future changes in the fair value over the remaining term of the derivatives.

The consideration of the potential risk (“add-on”) relates the risk exposure to the exposure level at the time of a customer’s default. The exposure level will depend on the customer’s credit quality and the type of transaction with such customer. Given the fact that default is an uncertain event which might occur any time during the life of a contract, the BBVA Group has to consider not only the credit exposure of the derivatives on the reporting date, but also the potential changes in exposure during the life of the contract. This is especially important for derivatives, whose valuation changes substantially throughout their terms, depending on the fluctuation of market prices.

The breakdown by counterparty and product of loans and advances, net of impairment losses, classified in the different headings of the assets, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is shown below:

 

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Millions of euros

 

 
December 2016    Central banks         General governments         Credit institutions        Other financial   
corporations   
     Non-financial  
corporations  
     Households        Total     
On demand and short notice      -        373        -        246        8,125        2,507        11,251  
Credit card debt      -        1        -        1        1,875        14,719        16,596  

Trade receivables

        2,091        -        998        20,246        418        23,753  
Finance leases      -        261        -        57        8,647        477        9,442  
Reverse repurchase loans      81        544        15,597        6,746        -        -        22,968  
Other term loans      8,814        29,140        7,694        6,878        136,105        167,892        356,524  

Advances that are not loans

     -        2,410        8,083        2,082        1,194        620        14,389  
Loans and advances      8,894        34,820        31,373        17,009        176,192        186,633        454,921  
of which: mortgage loans [Loans collateralized by immovable property]         4,722        112        690        44,406        132,398        182,328  

of which: other collateralized loans

        3,700        15,191        8,164        21,863        6,061        54,979  

of which: credit for consumption

                    44,504        44,504  

of which: lending for house purchase

                    127,606        127,606  

of which: project finance loans

                 19,269           19,269  
    

Millions of euros

 

 
December 2015    Central banks         General governments         Credit institutions        Other financial  
corporations  
     Non-financial  
corporations  
     Households        Total     
On demand and short notice      -        783        -        38        8,356        2,050        11,228  
Credit card debt      -        1        -        2        1,892        15,057        16,952  

Trade receivables

        3,055        -        800        19,605        411        23,871  
Finance leases      -        301        -        420        7,534        1,103        9,357  
Reverse repurchase loans      149        326        11,676        4,717        9        -        16,877  
Other term loans      10,017        31,971        8,990        5,968        134,952        168,729        360,626  
Advances that are not loans      7,664        2,108        8,713        2,261        919        863        22,528  
Loans and advances      17,830        38,544        29,379        14,206        173,267        188,213        461,438  
of which: mortgage loans [Loans collateralized by immovable property]         4,483        264        656        43,961        135,102        184,466  

of which: other collateralized loans

        3,868        12,434        6,085        22,928        6,131        51,446  

of which: credit for consumption

                    40,906        40,906  

of which: lending for house purchase

                    126,591        126,591  

of which: project finance loans

                 21,141           21,141  

 

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7.3.2

Mitigation of credit risk, collateralized credit risk and other credit enhancements

In most cases, maximum credit risk exposure is reduced by collateral, credit enhancements and other actions which mitigate the Group’s exposure. The BBVA Group applies a credit risk hedging and mitigation policy deriving from a banking approach focused on relationship banking. The existence of guarantees could be a necessary but not sufficient instrument for accepting risks, as the assumption of risks by the Group requires prior evaluation of the debtor’s capacity for repayment, or that the debtor can generate sufficient resources to allow the amortization of the risk incurred under the agreed terms.

The policy of accepting risks is therefore organized into three different levels in the BBVA Group:

 

·  

Analysis of the financial risk of the operation, based on the debtor’s capacity for repayment or generation of funds;

 

·  

The constitution of guarantees that are adequate, or at any rate generally accepted, for the risk assumed, in any of the generally accepted forms: monetary, secured, personal or hedge guarantees; and finally,

 

·  

Assessment of the repayment risk (asset liquidity) of the guarantees received.

The procedures for the management and valuation of collaterals are set out in the Corporate Policies (retail and wholesale), which establish the basic principles for credit risk management, including the management of collaterals assigned in transactions with customers.

The methods used to value the collateral are in line with the best market practices and imply the use of appraisal of real-estate collateral, the market price in market securities, the trading price of shares in mutual funds, etc. All the collaterals assigned must be properly drawn up and entered in the corresponding register. They must also have the approval of the Group’s legal units.

The following is a description of the main types of collateral for each financial instrument class:

 

·  

Financial instruments held for trading: The guarantees or credit enhancements obtained directly from the issuer or counterparty are implicit in the clauses of the instrument.

 

·  

Derivatives and hedging derivatives: In derivatives, credit risk is minimized through contractual netting agreements, where positive- and negative-value derivatives with the same counterparty are offset for their net balance. There may likewise be other kinds of guarantees, depending on counterparty solvency and the nature of the transaction.

 

·  

Other financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss and Available-for-sale financial assets: The guarantees or credit enhancements obtained directly from the issuer or counterparty are inherent to the structure of the instrument.

 

·  

Loans and receivables:

 

 

Loans and advances to credit institutions: These usually only have the counterparty’s personal guarantee.

 

 

Loans and advances to customers: Most of these loans and advances are backed by personal guarantees extended by the own customer. There may also be collateral to secure loans and advances to customers (such as mortgages, cash collaterals, pledged securities and other collateral), or to obtain other credit enhancements (bonds, hedging, etc.).

 

 

Debt securities: The guarantees or credit enhancements obtained directly from the issuer or counterparty are inherent to the structure of the instrument.

Collateralized loans granted by the Group as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 excluding balances deemed impaired, is broken down in Note 13.2.

 

·  

Financial guarantees, other contingent risks and drawable by third parties: These have the counterparty’s personal guarantee.

 

7.3.3

Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired

The BBVA Group has tools (“scoring” and “rating”) that enable it to rank the credit quality of its operations and customers based on an assessment and its correspondence with the probability of default (“PD”) scales. To analyze the performance of PD, the Group has a series of tracking tools and historical databases that collect the pertinent internally generated information, which can basically be grouped together into scoring and rating models.

 

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Scoring

Scoring is a decision-making model that contributes to both the arrangement and management of retail loans: consumer loans, mortgages, credit cards for individuals, etc. Scoring is the tool used to decide to originate a loan, what amount should be originated and what strategies can help establish the price, because it is an algorithm that sorts transactions by their credit quality. This algorithm enables the BBVA Group to assign a score to each transaction requested by a customer, on the basis of a series of objective characteristics that have statistically been shown to discriminate between the quality and risk of this type of transactions. The advantage of scoring lies in its simplicity and homogeneity: all that is needed is a series of objective data for each customer, and this data is analyzed automatically using an algorithm.

There are three types of scoring, based on the information used and on its purpose:

 

·  

Reactive scoring: measures the risk of a transaction requested by an individual using variables relating to the requested transaction and to the customer’s socio-economic data available at the time of the request. The new transaction is approved or rejected depending on the score.

 

·  

Behavioral scoring: scores transactions for a given product in an outstanding risk portfolio of the entity, enabling the credit rating to be tracked and the customer’s needs to be anticipated. It uses transaction and customer variables available internally. Specifically, variables that refer to the behavior of both the product and the customer.

 

·  

Proactive scoring: gives a score at customer level using variables related to the individual’s general behavior with the entity, and to his/her payment behavior in all the contracted products. The purpose is to track the customer’s credit quality and it is used to pre-grant new transactions.

Rating

Rating tools, as opposed to scoring tools, do not assess transactions but focus on the rating of customers instead: companies, corporations, SMEs, general governments, etc. A rating tool is an instrument that, based on a detailed financial study, helps determine a customer’s ability to meet his/her financial obligations. The final rating is usually a combination of various factors: on one hand, quantitative factors, and on the other hand, qualitative factors. It is a middle road between an individual analysis and a statistical analysis.

The main difference between ratings and scorings is that the latter are used to assess retail products, while ratings use a wholesale banking customer approach. Moreover, scorings only include objective variables, while ratings add qualitative information. And although both are based on statistical studies, adding a business view, rating tools give more weight to the business criterion compared to scoring tools.

For portfolios where the number of defaults is very low (sovereign risk, corporates, financial entities, etc.) the internal information is supplemented by “benchmarking” of the external rating agencies (Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch). To this end, each year the PDs compiled by the rating agencies at each level of risk rating are compared, and the measurements compiled by the various agencies are mapped against those of the BBVA master rating scale.

Once the probability of default of a transaction or customer has been calculated, a “business cycle adjustment” is carried out. This is a means of establishing a measure of risk that goes beyond the time of its calculation. The aim is to capture representative information of the behavior of portfolios over a complete economic cycle. This probability is linked to the Master Rating Scale prepared by the BBVA Group to enable uniform classification of the Group’s various asset risk portfolios.

 

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The table below shows the abridged scale used to classify the BBVA Group’s outstanding risk as of December 31, 2016:

 

External rating    Internal rating  

Probability of default

 

(basic points)

 
Standard&Poor’s List    Reduced List (22 groups)   Average     

 

Minimum  
from >=  

 

    

 

Maximum    

 

AAA

  

AAA

    1        -        2  

AA+

  

AA+

    2        2        3  

AA

  

AA

    3        3        4  

AA-

  

AA-

    4        4        5  

A+

  

A+

    5        5        6  

A

  

A

    8        6        9  

A-

  

A-

    10        9        11  

BBB+

  

BBB+

    14        11        17  

BBB

  

BBB

    20        17        24  

    BBB-

  

BBB-

    31        24        39  

BB+

  

BB+

    51        39        67  

BB

  

BB

    88        67        116  

BB-

  

BB-

    150        116        194  

B+

  

B+

    255        194        335  

B

  

B

    441        335        581  

B-

  

B-

    785        581        1,061  

CCC+

  

CCC+

    1,191        1,061        1,336  

CCC

  

CCC

    1,500        1,336        1,684  

CCC-

  

CCC-

    1,890        1,684        2,121  

CC+

  

CC+

    2,381        2,121        2,673  

CC

  

CC

    3,000        2,673        3,367  

CC-

  

CC-

    3,780        3,367        4,243  

These different levels and their probability of default were calculated by using as a reference the rating scales and default rates provided by the external agencies Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s. These calculations establish the levels of probability of default for the BBVA Group’s Master Rating Scale. Although this scale is common to the entire Group, the calibrations (mapping scores to PD sections/Master Rating Scale levels) are carried out at tool level for each country in which the Group has tools available.

The table below outlines the distribution of exposure, including derivatives, by internal ratings, to corporates, financial entities and institutions (excluding sovereign risk), of BBVA, S.A., Bancomer, Compass and subsidiaries in Spain as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

     December 2016     December 2015  
Credit Risk Distribution by Internal Rating   

Amount

(Millions of 
Euros)

     %    

Amount

(Millions of 
Euros)

     %  

AAA/AA+/AA/AA-

     35,430        11.84     27,913        9.17

A+/A/A-

     58,702        19.62     62,798        20.64

BBB+

     43,962        14.69     43,432        14.27

BBB

     27,388        9.15     28,612        9.40

BBB-

     41,713        13.94     40,821        13.41

BB+

     32,694        10.92     28,355        9.32

BB

     19,653        6.57     23,008        7.56

BB-

     13,664        4.57     12,548        4.12

B+

     10,366        3.46     8,597        2.83

B

     4,857        1.62     5,731        1.88

B-

     3,687        1.23     3,998        1.31

CCC/CC

     7,149        2.39     18,488        6.08
Total      299,264        100.00     304,300        100.00

 

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7.3.4

Past due but not impaired and impaired secured loans risks

The table below provides details by counterpart and by product of past due risks but not considered to be impaired, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, listed by their first past-due date; as well as the breakdown of the debt securities and loans and advances individually and collectively estimated, and the specific allowances for individually estimated and for collectively estimated (see Note 2.2.1):

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 
December 2016   Past due but not impaired     Impaired assets       Carrying amount
of the impaired
assets
    Specific
allowances for
financial assets,
individually 
estimated
   

 

Specific
allowances for
financial assets,
collectively
estimated

 

    Collective
allowances for
incurred but not
reported losses
    Accumulated
write-offs
 
  £ 30 days        > 30 days  £ 60 days      

> 60 days < 90  

days

 

             
Debt securities     -       -       -       272       128       (120     (24     (46     (1
Loans and advances     3,384       696       735       22,925       12,133       (3,084     (7,708     (5,224     (29,346
Central banks     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
General governments     66       -       2       295       256       (19     (20     (13     (13
Credit institutions     3       -       82       10       3       -       (7     (36     (5
Other financial corporations     4       7       21       34       8       (6     (20     (57     (6
Non-financial corporations     968       209       204       13,786       6,383       (2,602     (4,801     (2,789     (18,020
Households     2,343       479       426       8,801       5,483       (458     (2,860     (2,329     (11,303

 

TOTAL

    3,384       696       735       23,197       12,261       (3,204     (7,733     (5,270     (29,347
Loans and advances by product, by collateral and by subordination                  
On demand (call) and short notice (current account)     79       15       29       562       249       (70     (243    
Credit card debt     377       88       124       643       114       (11     (518    
Trade receivables     51       15       13       424       87       (67     (271    
Finance leases     188       107       59       516       252       (18     (246    
Reverse repurchase loans     -       -       82       1       -       -       (1    
Other term loans     2,685       469       407       20,765       11,429       (2,909     (6,427    
Advances that are not loans     5       -       21       14       2       (10     (2    
of which: mortgage loans (Loans collateralized by inmovable property)     1,202       265       254       16,526       9,008       (1,256     (4,594    
of which: other collateralized loans     593       124       47       1,129       656       (93     (181    
of which: credit for consumption     1,186       227       269       1,622       455       (145     (1,023    
of which: lending for house purchase     883       194       105       6,094       4,546       (140     (1,408    
of which: project finance loans     138       -       0       253       105       (76     (71    

 

  (*)

In the appendix X there is a breakdown of loans and advances in the heading of Loans and receivables impaired by geographical areas

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 
December 2015   Past due but not impaired    

Impaired assets  

(*)

    Carrying amount
of the impaired
assets
    Specific
allowances for
financial assets,
individually
estimated
   

 

Specific
allowances for
financial assets,
collectively
estimated

 

    Collective
allowances for
incurred but not
reported losses
    Accumulated
write-offs
 
  £ 30 days       

> 30 days £ 60  

days  

   

> 60 days < 90  

days

 

             
Debt securities     -       -       -       81       46       (21     (14     (113     -  
Loans and advances     3,445       825       404       25,358       12,527       (3,830     (9,001     (5,911     (26,143
Central banks     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
General governments     154       278       2       194       157       (14     (23     (30     (19
Credit institutions     -       -       -       25       9       (11     (6     (34     (5
Other financial corporations     7       1       14       67       29       (11     (27     (124     (5
Non-financial corporations     838       148       48       16,254       7,029       (3,153     (6,071     (3,096     (15,372
Households     2,446       399       340       8,817       5,303       (641     (2,873     (2,626     (10,743

 

TOTAL

    3,445       825       404       25,439       12,573       (3,851     (9,015     (6,024     (26,143
Loans and advances by product, by collateral and by subordination                  
On demand (call) and short notice (current account)     134       13       7       634       204       (106     (324    
Credit card debt     389       74       126       689       161       (24     (503    
Trade receivables     98       26       22       628       179       (119     (330    
Finance leases     136       29       21       529       222       (31     (276    
Reverse repurchase loans     1       -       -       1       1       -       (1    
Other term loans     2,685       682       227       22,764       11,747       (3,540     (7,477    
Advances that are not loans     2       -       -       113       13       (10     (89    
of which: mortgage loans (Loans collateralized by inmovable property)     1,342       266       106       16,526       9,767       (1,705     (5,172    
of which: other collateralized loans     589       102       27       1,129       809       (182     (157    
of which: credit for consumption     957       164       220       1,543       404       (129     (1,010    
of which: lending for house purchase     616       174       110       5,918       4,303       (293     (1,322    
of which: project finance loans     3       -       1       276       66       (32     (178    

 

  (*)

In the appendix X there is a breakdown of the impaired loans and advances by geographical areas.

 

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The breakdown of loans and advances of loans and receivables, impaired and accumulated impairment by sectors as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros  
December 2016   Of which: non-performing    

 

Accumulated impairment
or Accumulated changes in
fair value due to credit

risk

 

   

Non-performing

loans and
advances as a %
of the total

 
General governments     295       (52     0.8
Credit institutions     10       (42     0.0
Other financial corporations     34       (82     0.2
Non-financial corporations     13,786       (10,192     7.4
Agriculture, forestry and fishing     221       (188     5.1
Mining and quarrying     126       (83     3.3
Manufacturing     1,569       (1,201     4.5
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply     569       (402     3.2
Water supply     29       (10     3.5
Construction     5,358       (3,162     26.3
Wholesale and retail trade     1,857       (1,418     6.2
Transport and storage     442       (501     4.5
Accommodation and food service activities     499       (273     5.9
Information and communication     112       (110     2.2
Real estate activities     1,441       (1,074     8.7
Professional, scientific and technical activities     442       (380     6.0
Administrative and support service activities     182       (107     7.3
Public administration and defense, compulsory social security     18       (25     3.0
Education     58       (31     5.4
Human health services and social work activities     89       (88     1.8
Arts, entertainment and recreation     84       (51     5.1
Other services     691       (1,088     4.2
Households     8,801       (5,648     4.6
LOANS AND ADVANCES     22,925       (16,016     5.0
    Millions of Euros  
December 2015   Non-performing    

 

Accumulated impairment
or Accumulated changes in
fair value due to credit

risk

 

    Non-performing
loans and
advances as a %
of the total
 
General governments     194       (67     0.5
Credit institutions     25       (51     0.1
Other financial corporations     67       (162     0.5
Non-financial corporations     16,254       (12,321     8.8
Agriculture, forestry and fishing     231       (180     5.4
Mining and quarrying     192       (114     4.7
Manufacturing     1,947       (1,729     5.8
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply     250       (395     1.4
Water supply     44       (23     5.2
Construction     6,585       (4,469     30.1
Wholesale and retail trade     1,829       (1,386     6.3
Transport and storage     616       (607     6.4
Accommodation and food service activities     567       (347     7.0
Information and communication     110       (100     2.3
Real estate activities     1,547       (1,194     9.1
Professional, scientific and technical activities     944       (454     12.8
Administrative and support service activities     224       (148     6.9
Public administration and defence, compulsory social security     18       (25     2.8
Education     26       (19     2.6
Human health services and social work activities     82       (91     1.8
Arts, entertainment and recreation     100       (63     6.6
Other services     942       (977     6.1
Households     8,817       (6,140     4.5
LOANS AND ADVANCES     25,358       (18,742     5.5

 

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The changes in 2016, 2015 and 2014 of impaired financial assets and guarantees are as follow:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Changes in Impaired Financial Assets and Contingent Risks

 

       2016              2015              2014      

Balance at the beginning

     26,103        23,234        25,978  

Additions (*)

     11,133        14,872        8,874  

Decreases (**)

     (7,633)        (6,720)        (7,172)  

Net additions

     3,500        8,152        1,702  

Amounts written-off

     (5,592)        (4,989)        (4,720)  

Exchange differences and other

     (134)        (295)        274  

Balance at the end

     23,877        26,103        23,234  

 

  (*)

Includes the balance amounts attributable to Catalunya Banc upon its consolidation in April 2015 of 3,969 million and Garanti Group in July 2015 of 1,845 million.

 

 

  (**)

Reflects the total amount of impaired loans derecognized from the balance sheet throughout the period as a result of mortgage foreclosures and real estate assets received in lieu of payment as well as monetary recoveries (see Notes 20 and 21 to the consolidated financial statement for additional information).

 

The changes in 2016, 2015 and 2014 in financial assets derecognized from the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as their recovery is considered unlikely (hereinafter “write-offs”), is shown below:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Changes in Impaired Financial Assets Written-Off from the Balance Sheet

 

       2016              2015              2014      

Balance at the beginning

     26,143        23,583        20,752  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        1,362        -  

Increase:

     5,699        6,172        4,878  

Decrease:

     (2,384)        (4,830)        (2,204)  

Re-financing or restructuring

     (32)        (28)        (3)  

Cash recovery (Note 47)

     (541)        (490)        (443)  

Foreclosed assets

     (210)        (159)        (116)  

Sales of written-off

     (45)        (54)        (66)  

Debt forgiveness

     (864)        (3,119)        (1,231)  

Time-barred debt and other causes

     (692)        (980)        (345)  

Net exchange differences

     (111)        (144)        156  

Balance at the end

     29,347        26,143        23,583  

As indicated in Note 2.2.1, although they have been derecognized from the consolidated balance sheet, the BBVA Group continues to attempt to collect on these written-off financial assets, until the rights to receive them are fully extinguished, either because it is time-barred financial asset, the financial asset is condoned, or other reasons.

 

7.3.5

Impairment losses

Below are the changes in 2016 and 2015, in the provisions recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets to cover estimated impairment losses in loans and advances and debt securities, according to the different headings under which they are classified in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet:

 

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    Millions of Euros  
December 2016   Opening balance      

Increases due  

to amounts set aside  

for estimated loan  

losses during the
period  

   

Decreases due  

to amounts reversed  

for estimated loan  
losses during the  
period  

    Decreases due  
toamounts taken  
against allowances  
    Transfers between  
allowances  
    Other adjustments       Closing balance      

 

Recoveries  

recorded directly to  
the statement of  
profit or loss  

 

 
               
Equity instruments                
Specific allowances for financial assets, individually estimated     (3,851)       (765)       351       283       749       30       (3,204)       2  

Debt securities

    (21)       (164)       3       64       -       (1)       (120)       -  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Credit institutions

    (20)       -       -       5       -       -       (15)       -  

Other financial corporations

    (2)       (26)       -       26       -       -       (2)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    -       (138)       3       33       -       (1)       (103)       -  

Loans and advances

    (3,830)       (601)       348       220       749       31       (3,084)       2  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    (14)       -       2       -       (6)       -       (19)       -  

Credit institutions

    (11)       -       -       -       10       -       -       -  

Other financial corporations

    (11)       (3)       1       -       6       3       (6)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    (3,153)       (494)       310       206       525       4       (2,602)       -  

Households

    (641)       (104)       35       13       214       24       (458)       2  
Specific allowances for financial assets, collectively estimated     (9,015)       (6,146)       2,357       5,390       (872)       553       (7,733)       538  

Debt securities

    (14)       (2)       3       -       (10)       (1)       (24)       -  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Credit institutions

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Other financial corporations

    (14)       (2)       3       -       (10)       (1)       (24)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Loans and advances

    (9,001)       (6,144)       2,354       5,390       (862)       554       (7,708)       538  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    (23)       (2)       18       6       (21)       2       (20)       1  

Credit institutions

    (6)       (2)       3       -       -       (3)       (7)       -  

Other financial corporations

    (27)       (31)       8       22       5       4       (20)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    (6,071)       (3,211)       1,848       3,051       (804)       386       (4,801)       335  

Households

    (2,873)       (2,898)       476       2,312       (42)       165       (2,860)       203  
Collective allowances for incurred but not reported losses on financial assets     (6,024)       (1,558)       1,463       88       775       (15)       (5,270)       1  

Debt securities

    (113)       (11)       15       1       64       -       (46)       -  

Loans and advances

    (5,911)       (1,546)       1,449       87       711       (15)       (5,224)       -  

Total

    (18,890)       (8,470)       4,172       5,762       652       568       (16,206)       541  

 

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    Millions of euros  
December 2015   Opening balance      

Increases due  

to amounts set aside  

for estimated loan  

losses during the
period  

   

Decreases due  

to amounts reversed  

for estimated loan  
losses during the  
period  

    Decreases due  
toamounts taken  
against allowances  
    Transfers between  
allowances  
    Other adjustments       Closing balance      

 

Recoveries  

recorded directly to  
the statement of  
profit or loss  

 

 
               
Equity instruments                
Specific allowances for financial assets, individually estimated     (2,563)       (1,375)       27       384       154       (479)       (3,851)       -  

Debt securities

    (21)       (4)       4       -       -       -       (21)       -  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Credit institutions

    (17)       (2)       1       -       (1)       -       (20)       -  

Other financial corporations

    (4)       (2)       4       -       1       -       (2)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Loans and advances

    (2,542)       (1,371)       23       384       154       (478)       (3,830)       -  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    (9)       (4)       13       -       1       (15)       (14)       -  

Credit institutions

    (13)       (0)       3       -       -       -       (11)       -  

Other financial corporations

    -       (240)       1       -       233       (5)       (11)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    (2,175)       (872)       (1)       159       (242)       (22)       (3,153)       -  

Households

    (345)       (254)       8       225       162       (436)       (641)       -  
Specific allowances for financial assets, collectively estimated     (7,956)       (4,797)       1,408       4,778       234       (2,681)       (9,015)       490  

Debt securities

    (12)       (2)       3       -       -       (3)       (14)       -  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Credit institutions

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Other financial corporations

    (12)       (2)       3       -       -       (3)       (14)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

Loans and advances

    (7,944)       (4,795)       1,404       4,778       234       (2,678)       (9,001)       490  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  

General governments

    (16)       (11)       5       3       (13)       9       (23)       -  

Credit institutions

    (5)       (11)       2       -       9       (2)       (6)       1  

Other financial corporations

    (21)       (36)       1       23       (3)       8       (27)       -  

Non-financial corporations

    (5,434)       (2,357)       1,170       2,421       (56)       (1,815)       (6,071)       301  

Households

    (2,469)       (2,381)       227       2,331       297       (877)       (2,873)       187  
Collective allowances for incurred but not reported losses on financial assets     (3,829)       (578)       576       110       (486)       (1,817)       (6,024)       -  

Debt securities

    (42)       (9)       6       -       (67)       (1)       (113)       -  

Loans and advances

    (3,787)       (569)       570       110       (420)       (1,816)       (5,911)       -  

Total

    (14,348)       (6,750)       2,011       5,272       (98)       (4,977)       (18,890)       490  

 

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7.3.6

Refinancing and restructuring operations

Group policies and principles with respect to refinancing and restructuring operations

Refinancing and restructuring operations (see definition in the Glossary) are carried out with customers who have requested such an operation in order to meet their current loan payments if they are expected, or may be expected, to experience financial difficulty in making the payments in the future.

The basic aim of a refinancing and restructuring operation is to provide the customer with a situation of financial viability over time by adapting repayment of the loan incurred with the Group to the customer’s new situation of fund generation. The use of refinancing and restructuring for other purposes, such as to delay loss recognition, is contrary to BBVA Group policies.

The BBVA Group’s refinancing and restructuring policies are based on the following general principles:

 

·  

Refinancing and restructuring is authorized according to the capacity of customers to pay the new installments. This is done by first identifying the origin of the payment difficulties and then carrying out an analysis of the customers’ viability, including an updated analysis of their economic and financial situation and capacity to pay and generate funds. If the customer is a company, the analysis also covers the situation of the industry in which it operates.

 

·  

With the aim of increasing the solvency of the operation, new guarantees and/or guarantors of demonstrable solvency are obtained where possible. An essential part of this process is an analysis of the effectiveness of both the new and original guarantees.

 

·  

This analysis is carried out from the overall customer or group perspective.

 

·  

Refinancing and restructuring operations do not in general increase the amount of the customer’s loan, except for the expenses inherent to the operation itself.

 

·  

The capacity to refinance and restructure loan is not delegated to the branches, but decided on by the risk units.

 

·  

The decisions made are reviewed from time to time with the aim of evaluating full compliance with refinancing and restructuring policies.

These general principles are adapted in each case according to the conditions and circumstances of each geographical area in which the Group operates, and to the different types of customers involved.

In the case of retail customers (private individuals), the main aim of the BBVA Group’s policy on refinancing and restructuring loan is to avoid default arising from a customer’s temporary liquidity problems by implementing structural solutions that do not increase the balance of customer’s loan. The solution required is adapted to each case and the loan repayment is made easier, in accordance with the following principles:

 

·  

Analysis of the viability of operations based on the customer’s willingness and ability to pay, which may be reduced, but should nevertheless be present. The customer must therefore repay at least the interest on the operation in all cases. No arrangements may be concluded that involve a grace period for both principal and interest.

 

·  

Refinancing and restructuring of operations is only allowed on those loans in which the BBVA Group originally entered into.

 

·  

Customers subject to refinancing and restructuring operations are excluded from marketing campaigns of any kind.

In the case of non-retail customers (mainly companies, enterprises and corporates), refinancing/restructuring is authorized according to an economic and financial viability plan based on:

 

·  

Forecasted future income, margins and cash flows over a sufficiently long period (around five years) to allow entities to implement cost adjustment measures (industrial restructuring) and a business development plan that can help reduce the level of leverage to sustainable levels (capacity to access the financial markets).

 

·  

Where appropriate, the existence of a divestment plan for assets and/or operating segments that can generate cash to assist the deleveraging process.

 

·  

The capacity of shareholders to contribute capital and/or guarantees that can support the viability of the plan.

 

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In accordance with the Group’s policy, the conclusion of a loan refinancing and restructuring operation does not imply the loan is reclassified from “impaired” or “standard under special monitoring” to outstanding risk; such a reclassification must be based on the analysis mentioned earlier of the viability and sufficiency of the new guarantees provided.

The Group maintains the policy of including risks related to refinanced and restructured loans as either:

 

·  

“Impaired assets”, as although the customer is up to date with payments, they are classified as impaired for reasons other than their default when there are significant doubts that the terms of their refinancing may not be met; or

 

·  

“Normal-risk assets” (although as mentioned in the table in the following section, they continue to be classified as “ standard under special monitoring” until the conditions established for their consideration as outstanding risk are met).

The conditions established for “standard under special monitoring” to be reclassified out of this category are as follows:

 

·  

The customer must have paid past-due amounts (principal and interest) since the date of the renegotiation or restructuring of the loan;

 

·  

At least two years must have elapsed since completion of the renegotiation or restructuring of the loan;

 

·  

The customer must have paid at least 10% of the outstanding principal amount of the loan as well as all the past-due amounts (principal and interest) that were outstanding as of the date of the renegotiation or restructuring of the loan; and

 

·  

It is unlikely that the customer will have financial difficulties and, therefore, it is expected that the customer will be able to meet its loan payment obligations (principal and interest) in a timely manner.

The BBVA Group’s refinancing and restructuring policy provides for the possibility of two modifications in a 24 month period for loans that are not in compliance with the payment schedule.

The internal models used to determine allowances for loan losses consider the restructuring and renegotiation of a loan, as well as re-defaults on such a loan, by assigning a lower internal rating to restructured and renegotiated loans than the average internal rating assigned to non-restructured/renegotiated loans. This downgrade results in an increase in the probability of default (PD) assigned to restructured/renegotiated loans (with the resulting PD being higher than the average PD of the non- renegotiated loans in the same portfolios).”

For quantitative information on refinancing and restructuring operations see Appendix X.

 

7.4

Market risk

 

7.4.1

Market risk portfolios

Market risk originates as a result of movements in the market variables that impact the valuation of traded financial products and assets. The main risks generated can be classified as follows:

 

·  

Interest-rate risk: This arises as a result of exposure to movements in the different interest-rate curves involved in trading. Although the typical products that generate sensitivity to the movements in interest rates are money-market products (deposits, interest-rate futures, call money swaps, etc.) and traditional interest-rate derivatives (swaps and interest-rate options such as caps, floors, swaptions, etc.), practically all the financial products are exposed to interest-rate movements due to the effect that such movements have on the valuation of the financial discount.

 

·  

Equity risk: This arises as a result of movements in share prices. This risk is generated in spot positions in shares or any derivative products whose underlying asset is a share or an equity index. Dividend risk is a sub-risk of equity risk, arising as an input for any equity option. Its variation may affect the valuation of positions and it is therefore a factor that generates risk on the books.

 

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·  

Exchange-rate risk: This is caused by movements in the exchange rates of the different currencies in which a position is held. As in the case of equity risk, this risk is generated in spot currency positions, and in any derivative product whose underlying asset is an exchange rate. In addition, the quanto effect (operations where the underlying asset and the instrument itself are denominated in different currencies) means that in certain transactions in which the underlying asset is not a currency, an exchange-rate risk is generated that has to be measured and monitored.

 

·  

Credit-spread risk: Credit spread is an indicator of an issuer’s credit quality. Spread risk occurs due to variations in the levels of spread of both corporate and government issues, and affects positions in bonds and credit derivatives.

 

·  

Volatility risk: This occurs as a result of changes in the levels of implied price volatility of the different market instruments on which derivatives are traded. This risk, unlike the others, is exclusively a component of trading in derivatives and is defined as a first-order convexity risk that is generated in all possible underlying assets in which there are products with options that require a volatility input for their valuation.

The metrics developed to control and monitor market risk in BBVA Group are aligned with best practices in the market and are implemented consistently across all the local market risk units.

Measurement procedures are established in terms of the possible impact of negative market conditions on the trading portfolio of the Group’s Global Markets units, both under ordinary circumstances and in situations of heightened risk factors.

The standard metric used to measure market risk is Value at Risk (“VaR”), which indicates the maximum loss that may occur in the portfolios at a given confidence level (99%) and time horizon (one day). This statistic value is widely used in the market and has the advantage of summing up in a single metric the risks inherent to trading activity, taking into account how they are related and providing a prediction of the loss that the trading book could sustain as a result of fluctuations in equity prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. The market risk analysis considers risks, such as credit spread, basis risk, volatility and correlation risk.

Most of the headings on the Group’s consolidated balance sheet subject to market risk are positions whose main metric for measuring their market risk is VaR. This table shows the accounting lines of the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 in which there is a market risk in trading activity subject to this measurement:

 

    

Millions of Euros        

 

               
     December 2016      December 2015  
Headings of the balance sheet under market risk        Main market risk    
metrics - VaR
    

    Main market risk    
metrics -

Others (*)

         Main market risk    
metrics - VaR
    

 

    Main market risk    
metrics -

Others (*)

 

 

Assets subject to market risk

           

Financial assets held for trading

     64,623        1,480        64,370        4,712  

Available for sale financial assets

     7,119        28,771        8,234        50,088  

Of which: Equity instruments

     -        3,559        -        4,067  

Hedging derivatives

     1,041        1,415        528        1,888  

Liabilities subject to market risk

           

Financial liabilities held for trading

     47,491        2,223        42,550        6,277  

Hedging derivatives

     1,305        689        1,128        806  

 

  (*)

Includes mainly assets and liabilities managed by COAP.

Although the prior table shows details the financial positions subject to market risk, it should be noted that the data are for information purposes only and do not reflect how the risk is managed in trading activity, where it is not classified into assets and liabilities.

With respect to the risk measurement models used in BBVA Group, the Bank of Spain has authorized the use of the internal model to determine bank capital requirements deriving from risk positions on the BBVA S.A. and BBVA Bancomer trading book, which jointly account for around 66% of the Group’s trading-book market risk. For the rest of the geographical areas (mainly South America, Garanti and BBVA Compass), bank capital for the risk positions in the trading book is calculated using the standard model.

The current management structure includes the monitoring of market-risk limits, consisting of a scheme of limits based on VaR, economic capital (based on VaR measurements) and VaR sub-limits, as well as stop-loss limits for each of the Group’s business units.

 

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The model used estimates VaR in accordance with the “historical simulation” methodology, which involves estimating losses and gains that would have taken place in the current portfolio if the changes in market conditions that took place over a specific period of time in the past were repeated. Based on this information, it infers the maximum expected loss of the current portfolio within a given confidence level. This model has the advantage of reflecting precisely the historical distribution of the market variables and not assuming any specific distribution of probability. The historical period used in this model is two years. The historical simulation method is used in BBVA S.A., BBVA Bancomer, BBVA Chile, BBVA Colombia, Compass Bank and Garanti.

VaR figures are estimated following two methodologies:

 

·  

VaR without smoothing, which awards equal weight to the daily information for the previous two years. This is currently the official methodology for measuring market risks for the purpose of monitoring compliance with risk limits.

 

·  

VaR with smoothing, which gives a greater weight to more recent market information. This metric supplements the previous one.

In the case of South America (except BBVA Chile and BBVA Colombia), a parametric methodology is used to measure risk in terms of VaR.

At the same time, and following the guidelines established by the Spanish and European authorities, BBVA incorporates metrics in addition to VaR with the aim of meeting the Bank of Spain’s regulatory requirements with respect to the calculation of bank capital for the trading book. Specifically, the new measures incorporated in the Group since December 2011 (stipulated by Basel 2.5) are:

 

·  

VaR: In regulatory terms, the VaR charge incorporates the stressed VaR charge, and the sum of the two (VaR and stressed VaR) is calculated. This quantifies the losses associated with the movements of the two risk factors inherent to market operations (interest rates, FX, RV, credit...). Both VaR and stressed VaR are rescaled by a regulatory multiplier set at three and by the square root of ten to calculate the capital charge.

 

·  

Specific Risk: Incremental Risk Capital (“IRC”) Quantification of the risks of default and downgrading of the credit ratings of the bond and credit derivative positions in the portfolio. The specific capital risk by IRC is a charge exclusively used in the geographical areas with the internal model approved (BBVA S.A. and Bancomer). The capital charge is determined according to the associated losses (at 99.9% in a 1-year horizon under the hypothesis of constant risk) due to the rating migration and/or default state the issuer of an asset. In addition, the price risk is included in sovereign positions for the items specified.

 

·  

Specific Risk: Securitization and correlation portfolios. Capital charge for securitizations and the correlation portfolio to include the potential losses associated at the level of rating a specific credit structure (rating). Both are calculated by the standard method. The scope of the correlation portfolios refers to the FTD-type market operation and/or tranches of market CDOs and only for positions with an active market and hedging capacity.

Validity tests are performed regularly on the risk measurement models used by the Group. They estimate the maximum loss that could have been incurred in the positions with a certain level of probability (backtesting), as well as measurements of the impact of extreme market events on risk positions (stress testing). As an additional control measure, backtesting is conducted at trading desk level in order to enable more specific monitoring of the validity of the measurement models.

Market risk in 2016

The Group’s market risk remains at low levels compared with the risk aggregates managed by BBVA, particularly in terms of credit risk. This is due to the nature of the business. During 2016 the average VaR was 29 million, above 2015 figure, with a high on January 28, of 38 m. The evolution in the BBVA Group’s market risk during 2016, measured as VaR without smoothing (see Glossary) with a 99% confidence level and a 1-day horizon (shown in millions of Euros) is as follows:

 

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LOGO

By type of market risk assumed by the Group’s trading portfolio, the main risk factor for the Group continues to be that linked to interest rates, with a weight of 58% of the total at the end of 2016 (this figure includes the spread risk). The relative weight has increased compared with the close of 2015 (48%). Exchange-rate risk accounts 13%, decreasing its proportion with respect to December 2015 (21%), while equity, volatility and correlation risk have decreased, with a weight of 29% at the close of 2016 (vs. 32% at the close of 2015).

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the balance of VaR was 26 million, 24 million and 25 million respectively. These figures can be broken down as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros  
VaR by Risk Factor  

    Interest/Spread    

 

Risk  

        Currency Risk             Stock-market Risk        

    Vega/Correlation    

 

Risk  

   

    Diversification    

 

Effect(*)  

            Total          

December 2016

           

VaR average in the period

    28       10       4       11       (23     29  

VaR max in the period

    30       16       4       11       (23     38  

VaR min in the period

    21       10       1       11       (20     23  

End of period VaR

    29       7       2       12       (24     26  

December 2015

           

VaR average in the period

              24  

VaR max in the period

    32       5       3       9       (18     30  

VaR min in the period

    20       6       3       9       (17     21  

End of period VaR

    21       9       3       11       (20     24  

December 2014

           

VaR average in the period

              23  

VaR max in the period

    31       6       4       10       (22     28  

VaR min in the period

    24       4       3       11       (23     20  

End of period VaR

    30       5       2       7       (20     25  

 

  (*)

The diversification effect is the difference between the sum of the average individual risk factors and the total VaR figure that includes the implied correlation between all the variables and scenarios used in the measurement.

Validation of the model

The internal market risk model is validated on a regular basis by backtesting in both BBVA S.A. and Bancomer.

The aim of backtesting is to validate the quality and precision of the internal market risk model used by BBVA Group to estimate the maximum daily loss of a portfolio, at a 99% level of confidence and a 250-day time horizon, by comparing the Group’s results and the risk measurements generated by the internal market risk model. These tests showed that the internal market risk model of both BBVA, S.A. and Bancomer is adequate and precise.

Two types of backtesting have been carried out during the year 2016:

 

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·  

“Hypothetical” backtesting: the daily VaR is compared with the results obtained, not taking into account the intraday results or the changes in the portfolio positions. This validates the appropriateness of the market risk metrics for the end-of-day position.

 

·  

“Real” backtesting: the daily VaR is compared with the total results, including intraday transactions, but discounting the possible minimum charges or fees involved. This type of backtesting includes the intraday risk in portfolios.

In addition, each of these two types of backtesting was carried out at the level of risk factor or business type, thus making a deeper comparison of the results with respect to risk measurements.

For the period between the end of 2015 and the end of 2016, it was carried out the backtesting of the internal VaR calculation model, comparing the daily results obtained with the estimated risk level estimated by the internal VaR calculation model. At the end of the year the comparison showed the internal VaR calculation model was working correctly, within the “green” zone (0-4 exceptions), thus validating the internal VaR calculation model, as has occurred each year since the internal market risk model was approved for the Group.

Stress test analysis

A number of stress tests are carried out on BBVA Group’s trading portfolios. First, global and local historical scenarios are used that replicate the behavior of an extreme past event, such as for example the collapse of Lehman Brothers or the “Tequilazo” crisis. These stress tests are complemented with simulated scenarios, where the aim is to generate scenarios that have a significant impact on the different portfolios, but without being anchored to any specific historical scenario. Finally, for some portfolios or positions, fixed stress tests are also carried out that have a significant impact on the market variables affecting these positions.

Historical scenarios

The historical benchmark stress scenario for the BBVA Group is Lehman Brothers, whose sudden collapse in September 2008 led to a significant impact on the behavior of financial markets at a global level. The following are the most relevant effects of this historical scenario:

 

·  

Credit shock: reflected mainly in the increase of credit spreads and downgrades in credit ratings.

 

·  

Increased volatility in most of the financial markets (giving rise to a great deal of variation in the prices of different assets (currency, equity, debt).

 

·  

Liquidity shock in the financial systems, reflected by a major movement in interbank curves, particularly in the shortest sections of the euro and dollar curves.

Simulated scenarios

Unlike the historical scenarios, which are fixed and therefore not suited to the composition of the risk portfolio at all times, the scenario used for the exercises of economic stress is based on Resampling methodology. This methodology is based on the use of dynamic scenarios are recalculated periodically depending on the main risks held in the trading portfolios. On a data window wide enough to collect different periods of stress (data are taken from 1-1-2008 until today), a simulation is performed by resampling of historic observations, generating a loss distribution and profits to analyze most extreme of births in the selected historical window. The advantage of this resampling methodology is that the period of stress is not predetermined, but depends on the portfolio maintained at each time, and making a large number of simulations (10,000 simulations) allows a richer information for the analysis of expected shortfall than what is available in the scenarios included in the calculation of VaR.

The main features of this approach are: a) the generated simulations respect the correlation structure of the data, b) flexibility in the inclusion of new risk factors and c) to allow the introduction of a lot of variability in the simulations (desirable to consider extreme events).

The impact of the stress test under multivariable simulation of the risk factors of the portfolio (Expected shortfall 95% to 20 days) as of December 31, 2016 is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
     Europe       Mexico         Peru       Venezuela        Argentina       Colombia     Chile       Turkey    

Expected Shortfall

     (92     (42     (5     -        (4     (1     (7     (24

 

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7.4.2

Structural risk

The Assets and Liabilities Committee (ALCO) is the key body for the management of structural risks relating to liquidity/funding, interest rates, solvency and currency rates. Every month, with representatives from the areas of Finance, Risks and Business Areas, this committee monitors the above risks and is presented with proposals for managing them for its approval. These management proposals are made proactively by the Finance area, taking into account the risk appetite framework and with the aim of guaranteeing recurrent earnings and preserving the entity’s solvency. All the balance-sheet management units have a local ALCO, assisted constantly by the members of the Corporate Center. There is also a corporate ALCO where the management strategies in the Group’s subsidiaries are monitored and presented.

Structural interest-rate risk

The structural interest-rate risk (“SIRR”) is related to the potential impact that variations in market interest rates have on an entity’s net interest income and equity. In order to properly measure SIRR, BBVA takes into account the main sources that generate this risk: repricing risk, yield curve risk, option risk and basis risk, which are analyzed from two complementary points of view: net interest income (short term) and economic value (long term).

ALCO monitors the interest-rate risk metrics and the Finance area carries out the management proposals for the structural balance sheet. The management objective is to ensure the stability of net interest income and book value in the face of changes in market interest rates, while respecting the internal solvency and limits in the different balance-sheets and for BBVA Group as a whole; and complying with current and future regulatory requirements.

BBVA’s structural interest-rate risk management control and monitoring is based on a set of metrics and tools that enable the entity’s risk profile to be monitored correctly. A wide range of scenarios are measured on a regular basis, including sensitivities to parallel movements in the event of different shocks, changes in slope and curve, as well as delayed movements. Other probabilistic metrics based on statistical scenario-simulating methods are also assessed, such as income at risk (“IaR”) and economic capital (“EC”), which are defined as the maximum adverse deviations in net interest income and economic value, respectively, for a given confidence level and time horizon. Impact thresholds are established on these management metrics both in terms of deviations in net interest income and in terms of the impact on economic value. The process is carried out separately for each currency to which the Group is exposed, and the diversification effect between currencies and business units is considered after this.

In order to guarantee its effectiveness, the model is subjected to regular internal validation, which includes backtesting. In addition, the banking book’s interest-rate risk exposures are subjected to different stress tests in order to reveal balance sheet vulnerabilities under extreme scenarios. This testing includes an analysis of adverse macroeconomic scenarios designed specifically by BBVA Research, together with a wide range of potential scenarios that aim to identify interest-rate environments that are particularly damaging for the entity. This is done by generating extreme scenarios of a breakthrough in interest rate levels and historical correlations, giving rise to sudden changes in the slopes and even to inverted curves.

The model is necessarily underpinned by an elaborate set of hypotheses that aim to reproduce the behavior of the balance sheet as closely as possible to reality. Especially relevant among these assumptions are those related to the behavior of “accounts with no explicit maturity”, for which stability and remuneration assumptions are established, consistent with an adequate segmentation by type of product and customer, and prepayment estimates (implicit optionality). The hypotheses are reviewed and adapted, at least on an annual basis, to signs of changes in behavior, kept properly documented and reviewed on a regular basis in the internal validation processes.

The impacts on the metrics are assessed both from a point of view of economic value (gone concern) and from the perspective of net interest income, for which a dynamic model (going concern) consistent with the corporate assumptions of earnings forecasts is used.

The table below shows the profile of average sensitivities to net interest income and value of the main entities in BBVA Group in 2016:

 

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Impact on Net Interest Income (*)

 

     Impact on Economic Value (**)  

Sensitivity to Interest-Rate Analysis -

 

December 2016

  

    100 Basis-Point    

 

Increase    

    

    100 Basis-Point    

 

Decrease    

    

    100 Basis-Point    

 

Increase    

    

    100 Basis-Point    

 

Decrease    

 

Europe (***)

     14.12%        (7.09%)        4.90%        (3.62%)  

Mexico

     2.13%        (2.02%)        (2.42%)        2.55%  

USA

     8.91%        (8.30%)        0.41%        (7.57%)  

Turkey

     (6.64%)        4.64%        (2.78%)        3.84%  

South America

     2.40%        (2.41%)        (2.82%)        3.04%  

BBVA Group

     4.15%        (2.89%)        2.69%        (2.47%)  

 

  (*)

Percentage of “1 year” net interest income forecast for each unit.

 

  (**)

Percentage of net assets for each unit.

 

  (***)

In Europe downward movement allowed until more negative level than current rates.

In 2016 in Europe monetary policy has remained expansionary, which pushed interest rates lower, towards more negative levels in short term rates. In The United States, Fed’s reference interest rate continues the upward cycle initiated in 2015. While in Mexico, the upward interest rates cycle has intensified given the Mexican peso evolution and the inflation prospects, setting the rates level at the maximum since 2009. In Turkey, the weakness of the Turkish lira has led to a rise in rates in the last quarter of the year following declines in the first three quarters. The main economies of South America appear to have completed the cycle of increases initiated at the end of 2015.

The BBVA Group in all its Balance Sheet Management Units (“BSMUs”) maintains a positive sensitivity in its net interest income to an increase in interest rates. Turkey, helps to diversify the Group’s net exposure due to the opposite direction of its position on Europe. The higher sensitivities in the net interest income, relatively speaking, are observed in mature markets (Europe and USA), where, however, the negative sensitivity in their net interest income to decrease in interest rates is limited by the plausible downward trend in interest rates. The Group maintains a moderate risk profile, according to its target risk, through effective management of its balance sheet structural risk.

Structural exchange-rate risk

In BBVA Group, structural exchange-rate risk arises from the consolidation of holdings in subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the euro. Its management is centralized in order to optimize the joint handling of permanent foreign currency exposures, taking into account the diversification.

The corporate Assets and Liabilities Management unit, through ALCO, designs and executes hedging strategies with the main purpose of controlling the potential negative effect of exchange-rate fluctuations on capital ratios and on the equivalent value in euros of the foreign-currency earnings of the Group’s subsidiaries, considering transactions according to market expectations and their cost.

The risk monitoring metrics included in the system of limits are integrated into management and supplemented with additional assessment indicators. At corporate level they are based on probabilistic metrics that measure the maximum deviation in the Group’s Capital, CET1 (“Common Equity Tier 1”) ratio, and net attributable profit. The probabilistic metrics make it possible to estimate the joint impact of exposure to different currencies taking into account the different variability in exchange rates and their correlations.

The suitability of these risk assessment metrics is reviewed on a regular basis through backtesting exercises. The final element of structural exchange-rate risk control is the analysis of scenarios and stress with the aim of identifying in advance possible threats to future compliance with the risk appetite levels set, so that any necessary preventive management actions can be taken. The scenarios are based both on historical situations simulated by the risk model and on the risk scenarios provided by BBVA Research.

As for the market, in 2016 it is noteworthy the US dollar strength, boosted by higher yields, and the outperformance of the currencies of Andean area, while Mexican peso and Turkish lira depreciate against USD dollar, affected by higher uncertainty and concerns about the growth in these economies.

The Group’s structural exchange-rate risk exposure level has decreased since the end of 2015 mostly due to the increased hedging, focused on Mexican peso and Turkish lira, intended to keep low levels of sensitivity to movements in the exchange rates of emerging currencies against the euro. The risk mitigation level in capital ratio due to the book value of BBVA Group’s holdings in foreign emerging currencies stood at around 70% and, as of the end of the year, CET1 ratio sensitivity to the appreciation of 1% in the euro exchange rate for each currency is: US Dollar: +1.2 bps; Mexican peso -0.2 bps; Turkish Lira -0.2 bps; other currencies: -0.3 bps. On the other hand, hedging of emerging-currency denominated earnings of 2016 stood at 47%, concentrated in Mexican peso and Turkish lira.

 

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Structural equity risk

BBVA Group’s exposure to structural equity risk stems basically from investments in industrial and financial companies with medium- and long-term investment horizons. This exposure is mitigated through net short positions held in derivatives of their underlying assets, used to limit portfolio sensitivity to potential falls in prices.

Structural management of equity portfolios is the responsibility of the Group’s units specializing in this area. Their activity is subject to the corporate risk management policies for equity positions in the equity portfolio. The aim is to ensure that they are handled consistently with BBVA’s business model and appropriately to its risk tolerance level, thus enabling long-term business sustainability.

The Group’s risk management systems also make it possible to anticipate possible negative impacts and take appropriate measures to prevent damage being caused to the entity. The risk control and limitation mechanisms are focused on the exposure, annual operating performance and economic capital estimated for each portfolio. Economic capital is estimated in accordance with a corporate model based on Monte Carlo simulations, taking into account the statistical performance of asset prices and the diversification existing among the different exposures.

Backtesting is carried out on a regular basis on the risk measurement model used.

In the market, it is remarkable the underperformance of European stock markets in 2016, while main US stock exchange indices have reached historical maximum levels. It is also noteworthy the upsurge in stock prices volatility , and the initial shock in the financial markets after the Brexit, due to the policy uncertainty that this process entails and its potential impact on the Eurozone growth expectations. This effect led to a deterioration of capital gains accumulated in the Group’s equity portfolios as of the end of the year, although it faded away as main equity indices have recovered pre-Brexit levels.

Structural equity risk, measured in terms of economic capital, has decreased in the period as a result of the reduction of the stake in China Citic Bank, along with lower positioning in some sectors.

Stress tests and analyses of sensitivity to different simulated scenarios are carried out periodically to analyze the risk profile in more depth. They are based on both past crisis situations and forecasts made by BBVA Research. This checks that the risks are limited and that the tolerance levels set by the Group are not at risk.

The aggregate sensitivity of the BBVA Group’s consolidated equity to a 1% fall in the price of shares of the companies making up the equity portfolio stood at around -38 million as of December 31, 2016. This estimate takes into account the exposure in shares valued at market prices, or if not applicable, at fair value (except for the positions in the Treasury Area portfolios) and the net delta-equivalent positions in options on the same underlyings.

 

7.4.3

Financial Instruments compensation

Financial assets and liabilities may be netted, i.e. they are presented for a net amount on the consolidated balance sheet only when the Group’s entities satisfy with the provisions of IAS 32-Paragraph 42, so they have both the legal right to net recognized amounts, and the intention of settling the net amount or of realizing the asset and simultaneously paying the liability.

In addition, the Group has presented as gross amounts assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet for which there are master netting arrangements in place, but for which there is no intention of settling net. The most common types of events that trigger the netting of reciprocal obligations are bankruptcy of the entity, surpassing certain level of indebtedness threshold, failure to pay, restructuring and dissolution of the entity.

In the current market context, derivatives are contracted under different framework contracts being the most widespread developed by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) and, for the Spanish market, the Framework Agreement on Financial Transactions (“CMOF”). Almost all portfolio derivative transactions have been concluded under these framework contracts, including in them the netting clauses mentioned in the preceding paragraph as “Master Netting Agreement”, greatly reducing the credit exposure on these instruments. Additionally, in contracts signed with professional counterparties, the collateral agreement annexes called Credit Support Annex (“CSA”) are included, thereby minimizing exposure to a potential default of the counterparty.

Moreover, in transactions involving assets purchased or sold under a purchase agreement there is a high volume transacted through clearing houses that articulate mechanisms to reduce counterparty risk, as well as through the signature of various master agreements for bilateral transactions, the most widely used being the Global Master Repurchase Agreement (GMRA), published by International Capital Market Association (“ICMA”), to which the clauses related to the collateral exchange are usually added within the text of the master agreement itself.

 

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A summary of the effect of the compensation (via netting and collateral) for derivatives and securities operations is presented below as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

                                 Millions of Euros         
                                

 

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Condensed Consolidated Balance
Sheets (D)

 

        
December 2016    Notes      Gross Amounts
Recognized (A)
     Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets (B)
     Net Amount
Presented in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
(C=A-B)
     Financial
Instruments
     Cash Collateral
Received/Pledged
     Net Amount (E=C-D)  
Trading and hedging derivatives      10, 15        59,374        13,587        45,788        32,146        6,571        7,070  
Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements      35        25,833        2,912        22,921        23,080        174        (333
Total Assets         85,208        16,499        68,709        55,226        6,745        6,738  
Trading and hedging derivatives      10, 15        59,545        14,080        45,465        32,146        7,272        6,047  
Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements      35        49,474        2,912        46,562        47,915        176        (1,529
Total Liabillities         109,019        16,991        92,027        80,061        7,448        4,518  
                                 Millions of Euros         
                                

 

Gross Amounts Not Offset in the
Condensed Consolidated
Balance Sheets (D)

 

        
December 2015    Notes      Gross Amounts
Recognized (A)
     Gross Amounts
Offset in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets (B)
     Net Amount
Presented in the
Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
(C=A-B)
     Financial
Instruments
     Cash Collateral
Received/Pledged
     Net Amount (E=C-D)  
Trading and hedging derivatives      10, 15        52,244        7,805        44,439        30,350        5,493        8,597  
Reverse repurchase, securities borrowing and similar agreements      35        21,531        4,596        16,935        17,313        24        (402
Total Assets         73,775        12,401        61,374        47,663        5,517        8,195  
Trading and hedging derivatives      10, 15        53,298        8,423        44,876        30,350        9,830        4,696  
Repurchase, securities lending and similar agreements      35        72,998        4,596        68,402        68,783        114        (495
Total Liabillities         126,296        13,019        113,278        99,133        9,944        4,201  

 

7.5

Liquidity risk

 

7.5.1

Liquidity risk management

Management of liquidity and structural finance within the BBVA Group is based on the principle of the financial autonomy of the entities that make it up. This approach helps prevent and limit liquidity risk by reducing the Group’s vulnerability in periods of high risk. This decentralized management avoids possible contagion due to a crisis that could affect only one or several BBVA Group entities, which must cover their liquidity needs independently in the markets where they operate. Liquidity Management Units (LMUs) have been set up for this reason in the geographical areas where the main foreign subsidiaries operate, and also for the parent BBVA S.A., within the Euro currency scope, which includes BBVA Portugal.

Finance Division, through Global ALM, manages BBVA Group’s liquidity and funding. It plans and executes the funding of the long-term structural gap of each LMUs and proposes to ALCO the actions to adopt in this regard in accordance with the policies and limits established by the Standing Committee.

As first core element, the Bank’s target behavior in terms of liquidity and funding risk is characterized through the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and the Loan-to-Stable-Customer-Deposits (LtSCD) ratio. LCR is a regulatory measurement aimed at ensuring entities’ resistance in a scenario of liquidity stress within a time horizon of 30 days. BBVA, within its risk appetite framework and its limits and alerts schemes, has established a level of requirement for compliance with the LCR ratio both for the Group as a whole and for each of the LMUs individually. The internal levels required are geared to comply sufficiently and efficiently in advance with the implementation of the regulatory requirement of 2018, at a level above 100%.

Throughout 2016 the level of the LCR for BBVA Group has remained above 100%. At the European level the LCR ratio was effective beginning October 1, 2015, with an initial required level of 60%, and a phased-in level of up to 100% in 2018.

The LtSCD measures the relation between the net credit investment and stable funds. The aim is to preserve a stable funding structure in the medium term for each of the LMUs making up BBVA Group, taking into account that maintaining an adequate volume of stable customer funds is key to achieving a sound liquidity profile.

 

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Customer funds captured and managed by business units are defined as stable customer funds. These funds usually show little sensitivity to market changes and are largely non-volatile in terms of aggregate amounts per operation, thanks to customer linkage to the unit. Stable funds in each LMU are calculated by analyzing the behavior of the balance sheets of the different customer segments identified as likely to provide stability to the funding structure, and by prioritizing an established relationship and applying bigger haircuts to the funding lines of less stable customers. The main base of stable funds is composed of deposits by individual customers and small businesses.

For the purpose of establishing the (maximum) target levels for LtSCD in each LMU and providing an optimal funding structure reference in terms of risk appetite, GRM-Structural Risks identifies and assesses the economic and financial variables that condition the funding structures in the various geographical areas. The behavior of the indicators reflects that the funding structure remained robust in 2016, in the sense that all the LMUs maintain levels of self-funding with stable customer funds higher than the required levels.

 

    

LtSCD by LMU

 

                 December 2016                           December 2015            

Group (average)

   113%   116%

Eurozone

   113%   116%

Bancomer

   113%   110%

Compass

   108%   112%

Garanti

   124%   128%

Other LMUs

   107%   111%

The second core element in liquidity and funding risk management is to achieve proper diversification of the funding structure, avoiding excessive reliance on short-term funding and establishing a maximum level of short-term borrowing comprising both wholesale funding as well as less stable funds from non-retail customers. Regarding long-term funding, the maturity profile does not show significant concentrations, which enables adaptation of the anticipated issuance schedule to the best financial conditions of the markets. Finally, concentration risk is monitored at the LMU level, with a view to ensuring the right diversification both per counterparty and per instrument type.

The third element promotes the short-term resilience of the liquidity risk profile, making sure that each LMU has sufficient collateral to address the risk of wholesale markets closing. Basic Capacity is the short-term liquidity risk management and control metric that is defined as the relationship between the available explicit assets and the maturities of wholesale liabilities and volatile funds, at different terms, with special relevance being given to 30-day maturities.

Each entity maintains an individual liquidity buffer, both Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria SA and its subsidiaries, including BBVA Compass, BBVA Bancomer, Garanti Bank and the Latin American subsidiaries. The table below shows the liquidity available by instrument as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 for the most significant entities:

 

     Millions of Euros  
December 2016   

BBVA

 

Eurozone (1)

    

BBVA

 

    Bancomer    

    

BBVA

 

    Compass    

         Garanti Bank              Other      
Cash and balances with central banks      16,038        8,221        1,495        4,758        6,504  
Assets for credit operations with central banks      50,706        4,175        26,865        4,935        4,060  

Central governments issues

     30,702        1,964        1,084        4,935        3,985  
Of Which: Spanish government securities      23,353        -        -        -        -  

Other issues

     20,005        2,212        8,991        -        75  

Loans

     -        -        16,790        -        -  
Other non-eligible liquid assets      6,884        938        662        1,478        883  
ACCUMULATED AVAILABLE BALANCE      73,629        13,335        29,022        11,171        11,447  
AVERAGE BALANCE      68,322        13,104        27,610        12,871        11,523  

 

  (1)

It includes Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (Portugal), S.A.

 

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     Millions of Euros  
December 2015   

BBVA

 

Eurozone (1)

    

BBVA

 

    Bancomer    

    

BBVA

 

    Compass    

         Garanti Bank              Other      

Cash and balances with central banks

     10,939        6,936        3,214        6,585        7,122  
Assets for credit operations with central banks      51,811        5,534        22,782        4,302        4,559  

Central governments issues

     31,314        2,303        8,086        4,186        3,654  
Of Which: Spanish government securities      25,317        -        -        -        -  

Other issues

     20,497        3,231        479        116        905  

Loans

     -        -        14,217        -        -  
Other non-eligible liquid assets      5,760        757        20        1,680        229  
ACCUMULATED AVAILABLE BALANCE      68,510        13,227        26,016        12,567        11,910  
AVERAGE BALANCE      67,266        12,222        24,282        12,418        10,863  

 

  (1)

It includes Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A., Catalunya Banc, S.A. and Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (Portugal), S.A.

Stress analyses are also a basic element of the liquidity and funding risk monitoring system, as they help anticipate deviations from the liquidity targets and limits set out in the risk appetite as well as establish tolerance ranges at different management levels. They also play a key role in the design of the Liquidity Contingency Plan and in defining the specific measures for action for realigning the risk profile.

For each of the scenarios, a check is carried out whether the Bank has a sufficient liquid assets to meet the liquidity commitments/outflows in the various periods analyzed. The analysis considers four scenarios, one core and three crisis-related: systemic crisis; unexpected internal crisis with a considerable rating downgrade and/or affecting the ability to issue in wholesale markets and the perception of business risk by the banking intermediaries and the bank’s customers; and a mixed scenario, as a combination of the two aforementioned scenarios. Each scenario considers the following factors: liquidity existing on the market, customer behavior and sources of funding, impact of rating downgrades, market values of liquid assets and collateral, and the interaction between liquidity requirements and the performance of the bank’s asset quality.

The results of these stress analyses carried out regularly reveal that BBVA has a sufficient buffer of liquid assets to deal with the estimated liquidity outflows in a scenario such as a combination of a systemic crisis and an unexpected internal crisis, during a period in general longer than 3 months for LMUs, including a major downgrade in the bank’s rating (by up to three notches).

Beside the results of stress exercises and risk metrics, Early Warning Indicators play an important role in the corporate model and also in the Liquidity Contingency Plan. These are mainly financing structure indicators, related to asset encumbrance, counterparty concentration, outflows of customer deposits, unexpected use of credit lines, and market indicators, which help to anticipate potential risks and capture market expectations.

 

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Below is a matrix of residual maturities by contractual periods based on supervisory prudential reporting as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

    Millions of Euros  
                                                                   

December 2016

 

Contractual Maturities

 

 

    Demand    

 

    Up to 1 Month     1 to 3 Months     3 to 6 Months     6 to 9 Months     9 to 12 Months     1 to 2 Years     2 to 3 Years     3 to 5 Years     Over 5 Years     Total  

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

    23,191       13,825       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       37,016  

Deposits in credit entities

    991       4,068       254       155       48       72       117       87       122       4,087       10,002  

Deposits in other financial institutions

    1       1,192       967       675       714       532       1,330       918       942       336       7,608  

Reverse repo, securities borrowing and margin lending

    -       20,232       544       523       -       428       500       286       124       189       22,826  

Loans and Advances

    591       20,272       25,990       22,318       16,212       15,613       44,956       35,093       55,561       133,589       370,195  

Securities’ portfolio settlement

    -       708       3,566       3,688       2,301       4,312       19,320       10,010       16,662       51,472       112,039  
    Millions of Euros  
                                                                   

December 2016

 

Contractual Maturities

 

 

Demand

 

    Up to 1 Month     1 to 3 Months     3 to 6 Months     6 to 9 Months     9 to 12 Months     1 to 2 Years     2 to 3 Years     3 to 5 Years     Over 5 Years     Total  

Wholesale funding

    419       7,380       2,943       5,547       3,463       5,967       7,825       5,963       14,016       31,875       85,397  

Deposits in financial institutions

    6,762       5,365       1,181       2,104       800       2,176       746       1,156       859       3,714       24,862  

Deposits in other financial institutions and international agencies

    15,375       6,542       8,624       3,382       2,566       1,897       1,340       686       875       2,825       44,114  

Customer deposits

    206,140       49,053       25,522       15,736       11,863       11,343       8,619       5,060       781       936       335,052  

Securitiy pledge funding

    -       38,153       3,561       1,403       1,004       912       1,281       640       23,959       1,712       72,626  

Derivatives (net)

    -       (2,123)       (95)       (190)       (111)       (326)       (132)       (82)       (105)       (47)       (3,210)  
    Millions of Euros  
                                                                   

December 2015

 

Contractual Maturities

 

 

Demand

 

    Up to 1 Month     1 to 3 Months     3 to 6 Months     6 to 9 Months     9 to 12 Months     1 to 2 Years     2 to 3 Years     3 to 5 Years     Over 5 Years     Total  

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

    34,796       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       34,796  

Deposits in credit entities

    1,077       4,594       766       260       70       42       520       6       950       3,988       12,273  

Deposits in other financial institutions

    7       1,246       401       628       595       526       448       495       977       275       5,600  

Reverse repo, securities borrowing and margin lending

    -       12,348       853       546       201       2,323       10       84       125       370       16,859  

Loans and Advances

    1,364       21,639       25,624       23,777       16,750       18,477       40,512       33,835       54,790       140,602       377,371  

Securities’ portfolio settlement

    484       2,001       4,014       7,073       7,835       4,129       11,944       14,722       20,366       59,755       132,324  
    Millions of Euros  
                                                                   

December 2015

 

Contractual Maturities

 

 

Demand

 

    Up to 1 Month     1 to 3 Months     3 to 6 Months     6 to 9 Months     9 to 12 Months     1 to 2 Years     2 to 3 Years     3 to 5 Years     Over 5 Years     Total  

Wholesale funding

    7       5,106       9,093       5,751       2,222       5,160       15,856       7,845       11,072       33,840       95,953  

Deposits in financial institutions

    4,932       6,271       2,064       2,783       995       1,952       2,314       1,110       1,283       4,270       27,975  

Deposits in other financial institutions and international agencies

    13,380       8,907       6,494       2,939       2,442       2,217       205       12       7       274       36,877  

Customer deposits

    193,079       29,003       22,846       15,983       13,517       13,751       14,076       4,615       1,447       1,190       309,508  

Securitiy pledge funding

    -       50,042       11,166       1,197       495       966       2,253       15,045       1,815       1,103       84,081  

Derivatives (net)

    1       (2,621)       (208)       (21)       (253)       (74)       120       (220)       14       (95)       (3,357)  

 

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The matrix shows the retail nature of the funding structure, with a loan portfolio being mostly funded by customer deposits. On the outflows side of the matrix, the “demand” maturity bucket mainly contains the retail customers sight accounts whose behavior shows a high level of stability. According to internal methodology they are estimated to mature on average in more than three years.

Long and short term wholesale funding markets were stable in 2016. The ECB carried out the new program Targeted Longer-Term Refinancing Operations (TLTRO II), based on four quarterly targeted 4 years refinancing operations, with the aim of boosting channeled lending and improving financial conditions for the whole European economy. In the first auction the Euro LMU took 23.7 billion after amortizing 14 billion in previous TLTRO auctions. In addition, over the whole year the Euro LMU made issues in the public market for 6,350 million, which has allowed it to obtain funding at favorable price conditions.

In Mexico, the liquidity position is still solid in spite of the market volatility after the US elections. Dependence on wholesale funding remains relatively low, where the good dynamics of customers funds have enabled a low appeal to wholesale markets, satisfied at the local market.

In United States, the decrease in the credit gap during the year has diminished the need of wholesale funding, staying in a comfortable liquidity situation during 2016.

In Turkey, despite geopolitical tension and downgrading of Moody’s credit rating, the domestic environment has remained stable, with no pressure on funding sources, favored by global stability and by the measures adopted by the Central Bank of Turkey (CBRT). The liquidity position of the rest of subsidiaries has continued to be comfortable, maintaining a solid liquidity position in all the jurisdictions in which the Group operates. Access to capital markets of these subsidiaries has also been maintained with recurring issues in the local market

In this context, BBVA has maintained its objective of strengthening the funding structure of the different Group entities based on growing their self-funding from stable customer funds, while guaranteeing a sufficient buffer of fully available liquid assets, diversifying the various sources of funding available, and optimizing the generation of collateral available for dealing with stress situations in the markets.

 

7.5.2

Asset encumbrance

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the encumbered (those provided as collateral for certain liabilities) and unencumbered assets are broken down as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

        
     Encumbered assets                
December 2016   

    Book value of Encumbered    

 

assets

    

    Market value of Encumbered    

 

assets

    

    Book value of non-    

 

encumbered assets

    

    Market value of non-    

 

encumbered assets

 

Equity instruments

     2,214        2,214        9,022        9,022  

Debt Securities

     40,114        39,972        90,679        90,679  

Loans and Advances and other assets

     94,718        -        495,109        -  
    

Millions of Euros

 

        
     Encumbered assets                
December 2015   

Book value of Encumbered

 

assets

    

Market value of Encumbered

 

assets

    

Book value of non-

 

encumbered assets

    

Market value of non-

 

encumbered assets

 

Equity instruments

     2,680        2,680        9,046        9,046  

Debt Securities

     56,155        56,230        95,669        95,669  

Loans and Advances and other assets

     100,139        -          486,165        -    

The committed value of “Loans and Advances and other assets” corresponds mainly to loans linked to the issue of covered bonds, territorial bonds or long-term securitized bonds (see Note 22.3) as well as those used as a guarantee to access certain funding transactions with central banks. Debt securities and equity instruments respond to underlying that are delivered in repos with different types of counterparties, mainly clearing houses or credit institutions, and to a lesser extent central banks. Collateral provided to guarantee derivative operations is also included as committed assets.

 

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As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, collateral pledge mainly due to repurchase agreements and securities lending, and those which could be committed in order to obtain funding are provided below:

 

     Millions of Euros  

December 2016

 

Collateral received

  

Fair value of encumbered

 

    collateral received or own    

 

debt securities issued

    

Fair value of collateral

 

received or own debt

 

    securities issued available for    

 

encumbrance

    

Nominal amount of collateral

 

received or own debt

 

    securities issued not available    

 

for encumbrance

 

Collateral received

     19,921        10,039        173  

Equity instruments

     58        59        -  

Debt securities

     19,863        8,230        28  

Loans and Advances and other assets

     -        1,750        144  
Own debt securities issued other than own covered bonds or ABSs      5        -        -  
           

Millions of Euros

 

        

December 2015

 

Collateral received

  

Fair value of encumbered

 

collateral received or own

 

debt securities issued

    

Fair value of collateral

 

received or own debt

 

securities issued available for    

 

encumbrance

    

Nominal amount of collateral

 

received or own debt

 

securities issued not available

 

for encumbrance

 

Collateral received

     21,532        9,415        -  

Equity instruments

     -        768        -  

Debt securities

     21,532        6,872        -  

Loans and Advances and other assets

     -        1,774        -  
Own debt securities issued other than own covered bonds or ABSs      6        162        -  

The guarantees received in the form of reverse repos or security lending transactions are committed by their use in repos, as is the case with debt securities

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, financial liabilities issued related to encumbered assets in financial transactions as well as their book value were as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2016

 

Sources of encumbrance

  

Matching liabilities,

 

    contingent liabilities or    

 

securities lent

    

Assets, collateral received

 

and own

 

debt securities issued other

 

    than covered bonds and ABSs    

 

encumbered

 

Book value of financial liabilities

     134,387        153,632  

Derivatives

     9,304        9,794  

Loans and Advances

     96,137        108,268  

Outstanding subordinated debt

     28,946        35,569  
Other sources      -        2,594  
    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2015

 

Sources of encumbrance

  

Matching liabilities,

 

contingent liabilities or

 

securities lent

    

Assets, collateral received

 

and own

 

debt securities issued other

 

than covered bonds and ABSs

 

encumbered

 

Book value of financial liabilities

     155,999        180,735  

Derivatives

     10,683        11,962  

Loans and Advances

     106,884        118,951  

Outstanding subordinated debt

     35,257        43,206  
Other sources      3,175        6,616  

 

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7.6

Operational Risk

Operational risk is defined as one that could potentially cause losses due to human errors, inadequate or faulty internal processes, system failures or external events. This definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and/or business risk and reputational risk.

Operational risk is inherent to all banking activities, products, systems and processes. Its origins are diverse (processes, internal and external fraud, technology, human resources, commercial practices, disasters, suppliers). Operational risk management is a part of the BBVA Group global risk management structure.

Operational risk management framework

Operational risk management in the Group is based on the value-adding drivers generated by the advanced measurement approach (AMA), as follows:

 

·  

Active management of operational risk and its integration into day-to-day decision-making means:

 

 

Knowledge of the real losses associated with this type of risk.

 

 

Identification, prioritization and management of real and potential risks.

 

 

The existence of indicators that enable the Bank to analyze operational risk over time, define warning signals and verify the effectiveness of the controls associated with each risk.

The above helps create a proactive model for making decisions about control and business, and for prioritizing the efforts to mitigate relevant risks in order to reduce the Group’s exposure to extreme events.

 

·  

Improved control environment and strengthened corporate culture.

 

·  

Generation of a positive reputational impact.

 

·  

Model based on three lines of defense, aligned with international best practices.

Operational Risk Management Principles

Operational risk management in BBVA Group should:

 

·  

Be aligned with the risk appetite framework statement set out by the Board of BBVA.

 

·  

Anticipate the potential operational risks to which the Group would be exposed as a result of new or modified products, activities, processes, systems or outsourcing decisions, and establish procedures to enable their evaluation and reasonable mitigation prior to their implementation.

 

·  

Establish methodologies and procedures to enable a regular reassessment of the relevant operational risks to which the Group is exposed in order to adopt appropriate mitigation measures in each case, once the identified risk and the cost of mitigation (cost/benefit analysis) have been considered, while preserving the Group’s solvency at all times.

 

·  

Identify the causes of the operational losses sustained by the Group and establish measures to reduce them. Procedures must therefore be in place to enable the capture and analysis of the operational events that cause those losses.

 

·  

Analyze the events that have caused operational risk losses in other institutions in the financial sector and promote, where appropriate, the implementation of the measures needed to prevent them from occurring in the Group.

 

·  

Identify, analyze and quantify events with a low probability of occurrence and high impact in order to evaluate their mitigation. Due to their exceptional nature, it is possible that such events may not be included in the loss database or, if they are, they have impacts that are not representative.

 

·  

Have an effective system of governance in place, where the functions and responsibilities of the areas and bodies involved in operational risk management are clearly defined.

These principles reflect BBVA Group’s vision of operational risk, on the basis that the resulting events have an ultimate cause that should always be identified, and that the impact of the events is reduced significantly by controlling that cause.

 

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Irrespective of the adoption of all the possible measures and controls for preventing or reducing both the frequency and severity of operational risk events, BBVA ensures at all times that sufficient capital is available to cover any expected or unexpected losses that may occur.

 

7.7

Risk concentration

Policies for preventing excessive risk concentration

In order to prevent the build-up of excessive concentrations of credit risk at the individual, country and sector levels, BBVA Group maintains maximum permitted risk concentration indices updated at individual and portfolio sector levels tied to the various observable variables within the field of credit risk management.

The limit on the Group’s exposure or financial commitment to a specific customer therefore depends on the customer’s credit rating, the nature of the risks involved, and the Group’s presence in a given market, based on the following guidelines:

 

·  

The aim is, as much as possible, to reconcile the customer’s credit needs (commercial/financial, short-term/long-term, etc.) with the interests of the Group.

 

·  

Any legal limits that may exist concerning risk concentration are taken into account (relationship between risks with a customer and the capital of the shareholder´s entity that assumes them), the markets, the macroeconomic situation, etc.

Risk concentrations by geography

The breakdown of the main figures in the most significant foreign currencies in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is set forth in Appendix X.

Sovereign risk concentration

Sovereign risk management

The risk associated with the transactions involving sovereign risk is identified, measured, controlled and tracked by a centralized unit integrated in the BBVA Group’s Risk Area. Its basic functions involve the preparation of reports in the countries where sovereign risk exists (called “financial programs”), tracking such risks, assigning ratings to these countries and, in general, supporting the Group in terms of reporting requirements for any transactions involving sovereign risk. The risk policies established in the financial programs are approved by the relevant risk committees.

The country risk unit tracks the evolution of the risks associated with the various countries to which the Group are exposed (including sovereign risk) on an ongoing basis in order to adapt its risk and mitigation policies to any macroeconomic and political changes that may occur. Moreover, it regularly updates its internal ratings and forecasts for these countries. The internal rating assignment methodology is based on the assessment of quantitative and qualitative parameters which are in line with those used by certain multilateral organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, rating agencies and export credit organizations.

For additional information on sovereign risk in Europe see Appendix X.

Valuation and impairment methods

The valuation methods used to assess the instruments that are subject to sovereign risks are the same ones used for other instruments included in the relevant portfolios and are detailed in Note 8.

Specifically, the fair value of sovereign debt securities of European countries has been considered equivalent to their listed price in active markets (Level 1 as defined in Note 8).

Risk related to the developer and Real-Estate sector in Spain

One of the main Group activities of the Group in Spain is focused on developer and mortgage loans. The policies and strategies established by the Group to deal with risks related to the developer and real-estate sector are explained below:

 

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Policies and strategies established by the Group to deal with risks related to the developer and real-estate sector

BBVA has teams specializing in the management of the Real-Estate Sector risk, given its economic importance and specific technical component. This specialization is not only in the Risk-Acceptance teams, but throughout the handling, commercial, problem risks and legal, etc. It also includes the research department of the BBVA Group (BBVA Research), which helps determine the medium/long-term vision needed to manage this portfolio. Specialization has been increased and the management teams in the areas of recovery and the Real Estate Unit itself have been reinforced.

The policies established to address the risks related to the developer and real-estate sector, aim to accomplish, among others, the following objectives: to avoid concentration in terms of customers, products and regions; to estimate the risk profile for the portfolio; and to anticipate possible worsening of the portfolio.

Specific policies for analysis and admission of new developer risk transactions

In the analysis of new operations, the assessment of the commercial operation in terms of the economic and financial viability of the project has been one of the constant points that have helped ensure the success and transformation of construction land operations for customers’ developments.

With regard the participation of the Risk Acceptance teams, they have a direct link and participate in the committees of areas such as Recoveries and the Real Estate Unit. This guarantees coordination and exchange of information in all the processes.

The following strategies have been implemented with customers in the developer sector: avoidance of large corporate transactions, which had already reduced their share in the years of greatest market growth; non active participation in the second-home market; commitment to public housing financing; and participation in land operations with a high level of urban development security, giving priority to land open to urban development.

Risk monitoring policies

The base information for analyzing the real estate portfolios is updated monthly. The tools used include the so-called “watch-list”, which is updated monthly with the progress of each client under watch, and the different strategic plans for management of special groups. There are plans that involve an intensification of the review of the portfolio for financing land, while, in the case of ongoing promotions, they are classified based on the rate of progress of the projects.

These actions have enabled BBVA to identify possible impairment situations, by always keeping an eye on BBVA’s position with each customer (whether or not as first creditor). In this regard, key aspects include management of the risk policy to be followed with each customer, contract review, deadline extension, improved collateral, rate review (repricing) and asset purchase.

Proper management of the relationship with each customer requires knowledge of various aspects such as the identification of the source of payment difficulties, an analysis of the company’s future viability, the updating of the information on the debtor and the guarantors (their current situation and business course, economic-financial information, debt analysis and generation of funds), and the updating of the appraisal of the assets offered as collateral.

BBVA has a classification of debtors in accordance with legislation in force in each country, usually categorizing each one’s level of difficulty for each risk.

Based on the information above, a decision is made whether to use the refinancing tool, whose objective is to adjust the structure of the maturity of the debt to the generation of funds and the customer’s payment capacity.

As for the policies relating to risk refinancing with the developer and real-estate sector, they are the same as the general policies used for all of the Group’s risks (see Note 7.3.6). In the developer and real estate sector, they are based on clear solvency and viability criteria for projects, with demanding terms for additional guarantees and legal compliance, given a refinancing tool that standardizes criteria and variables when considering any refinancing operation.

In the case of refinancing, the tools used for enhancing the Bank’s position are: the search for new intervening parties with proven solvency and initial payment to reduce the principal debt or outstanding interest; the improvement of the debt bond in order to facilitate the procedure in the event of default; the provision of new or additional collateral; and making refinancing viable with new conditions (period, rate and repayments), adapted to a credible and sufficiently verified business plan.

 

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Policies applied in the management of real estate assets in Spain

The policy applied for managing these assets depends on the type of real-estate asset, as detailed below.

 

  ·  

In the case of completed homes, the final aim is the sale of these homes to private individuals, thus reducing the risk and beginning a new business cycle. Here, the strategy has been to help subrogation (the default rate in this channel of business is notably lower than in any other channel of residential mortgages) and to support customers’ sales directly, using BBVA’s own channel (BBVA Services and our branches), creating incentives for sale and including sale orders for BBVA. In exceptional case we have even accepted partial haircuts, with the aim of making the sale easier.

 

  ·  

In the case of ongoing home construction, the strategy has been to help and promote the completion of the construction in order to transfer the investment to completed homes. The whole developer Works in Progress portfolio has been reviewed and classified into different stages with the aim of using different tools to support the strategy. This includes the use of developer accounts-payable financing as a form of payment control, the use of project monitoring supported by the Real Estate Unit itself, and the management of direct suppliers for the works as a complement to the developer’s own management.

 

  ·  

With respect to land, the fact that the risk of rustic land is not significant simplifies the management. Urban management and liquidity control to tackle urban planning costs are also subject to special monitoring.

For quantitative information about the risk related to the developer and Real-Estate sector in Spain see Appendix X.

 

8.

Fair value

 

8.1

Fair value of financial instrument

The fair value of financial instrument is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is therefore a market-based measurement and not specific to each entity.

All financial instruments, both assets and liabilities are initially recognized at fair value, which at that point is equivalent to the transaction price, unless there is evidence to the contrary in the market. Subsequently, depending on the type of financial instrument, it may continue to be recognized at amortized cost or fair value through adjustments in the income statement or equity.

When possible, the fair value is determined as the market price of a financial instrument. However, for many of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group, especially in the case of derivatives, there is no market price available, so its fair value is estimated on the basis of the price established in recent transactions involving similar instruments or, in the absence thereof, by using mathematical measurement models that are sufficiently tried and trusted by the international financial community. The estimates of the fair value derived from the use of such models take into consideration the specific features of the asset or liability to be measured and, in particular, the various types of risk associated with the asset or liability. However, the limitations inherent in the measurement models and possible inaccuracies in the assumptions and parameters required by these models may mean that the estimated fair value of an asset or liability does not exactly match the price for which the asset or liability could be exchanged or settled on the date of its measurement.

The process for determining the fair value established in the Group to ensure that trading portfolio assets are properly valued, BBVA has established, at a geographic level, a structure of New Product Committees responsible for validating and approving new products or types of financial assets and liabilities before being contracted. The members of these Committees, responsible for valuation, are independent from the business (see Note 7).

These areas are required to ensure, prior to the approval stage, the existence of not only technical and human resources, but also adequate informational sources to measure the fair value these financial assets and liabilities, in accordance with the rules established by the Global Valuation Area and using models that have been validated and approved by the Risk Analytics Department that reports to Global Risk Management.

Additionally, for financial assets and liabilities that show significant uncertainty in inputs or model parameters used for assessment, criteria is established to measure said uncertainty and activity limits are set based on these. Finally, these measurements are compared, as much as possible, against other sources such as the measurements obtained by the business teams or those obtained by other market participants.

 

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The process for determining the fair value requires the classification of the financial assets and liabilities according to the measurement processes used as set forth below:

 

  ·  

Level 1: Measurement using market observable quoted prices for the financial instrument in question, secured from independent sources and trading in referred to active markets - according to the Group policies. This level includes listed debt securities, listed equity instruments, some derivatives and mutual funds.

 

  ·  

Level 2: Measurement that applies techniques using inputs drawn from observable market data.

 

  ·  

Level 3: Measurement using techniques where some of the material inputs are not derived from market observable data. As of December 31, 2016, the affected instruments accounted for approximately 0.12% of financial assets and 0.02% of the Group’s financial liabilities registered at fair value. Model selection and validation is undertaken by control areas outside the market units.

Below is a comparison of the carrying amount of the Group’s financial instruments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and their respective fair values.

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 
Fair Value and Carrying Amount         2016    

 

2015

    2014  
  Notes     Carrying
Amount
    Fair Value    

Carrying
Amount

 

    Fair Value     Carrying
Amount
    Fair Value    
ASSETS-              

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

    9       40,039       40,039       29,282       29,282       27,719       27,719  

Financial assets held for trading

    10       74,950       74,950       78,326       78,326       83,258       83,258  

Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss

    11       2,062       2,062       2,311       2,311       2,761       2,761  

Available-for-sale financial assets

    12       79,221       79,221       113,426       113,426       94,875       94,875  

Loans and receivables

    13       465,977       468,844       471,828       480,539       376,086       377,108  

Held-to-maturity investments

    14       17,696       17,619       -       -       -       -  

Derivatives – Hedge accounting

    15       2,833       2,833       3,538       3,538       2,551       2,551  
LIABILITIES-              

Financial liabilities held for trading

    10       54,675       54,675       55,202       55,202       56,798       56,798  

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss

    11       2,338       2,338       2,649       2,649       2,724       2,724  

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

    22       589,210       594,190       606,113       613,247       491,899       486,904  

Derivatives – Hedge accounting

    15       2,347       2,347       2,726       2,726       2,331       2,331  

Not all financial assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value, so below we provide the information on financial instruments recorded at fair value and subsequently the information of those recorded at cost (including their fair value), although this value is not used when accounting for these instruments.

 

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8.1.1 Fair value of financial instrument recognized at fair value, according valuation criteria

The following table shows the main financial instruments carried at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, broken down by the measurement technique used to determine their fair value:

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 
Fair Value of financial Instruments by Levels   Notes     2016     2015     2014  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total    

Level 1

 

    Level 2     Level 3     Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3      Total  
ASSETS-                           
Financial assets held for trading     10       32,544       42,221       184       74,950       37,922       40,240       164       78,326       39,603       43,459       195        83,258  

Loans and advances

      -       154       -       154       -       65       -       65       -       128       -        128  

Debt securities

      26,720       418       28       27,166       32,381       409       34       32,824       33,150       691       43        33,883  

Equity instruments

      4,570       9       96       4,675       4,336       106       93       4,534       4,923       17       77        5,017  

Derivatives

      1,254       41,640       60       42,954       1,205       39,661       36       40,902       1,530       42,623       76        44,229  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss     11       2,062       -       -       2,062       2,246       2       62       2,311       2,690       71       -        2,761  

Loans and advances

      -       -       -       -       -       -       62       62       -       -       -        -  

Debt securities

      142       -       -       142       173       -       -       173       666       71       -        737  

Equity instruments

      1,920       -       -       1,920       2,074       2       -       2,075       2,024       -       -        2,024  
Available-for-sale financial assets     12       62,125       15,894       637       78,656       97,113       15,477       236       112,826       76,693       17,236       406        94,335  

Debt securities

      58,372       15,779       429       74,580       92,963       15,260       86       108,310       70,225       16,987       396        87,608  

Equity instruments

      3,753       115       208       4,076       4,150       217       150       4,517       6,468       249       10        6,727  
Hedging derivatives     15       41       2,792       -       2,833       59       3,478       -       3,538       59       2,491       -        2,551  
LIABILITIES-             -             -              -  
Financial liabilities held for trading     10       12,502       42,120       53       54,675       14,074       41,079       50       55,203       13,627       43,135       36        56,798  

Derivatives

      952       42,120       47       43,119       1,037       41,079       34       42,149       1,880       43,135       36        45,052  

Short positions

      11,550       -       6       11,556       13,038       -       16       13,053       11,747       -       -        11,747  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss     11       -       2,338       -       2,338       -       2,649       -       2,649       -       2,724       -        2,724  
Derivatives – Hedge accounting     15       94       2,189       64       2,347       -       2,594       132       2,726       -       2,270       62        2,331  

The heading “Available-for-sale financial assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 additionally includes 565 million, 600 and 540 million for equity instruments, respectively, for financial assets accounted for at cost, as indicated in the section of this Note entitled “Financial instruments at cost”.

In 2016 and 2015, financial instruments carried at fair value corresponding to the companies that belong to Banco Provincial Group in Venezuela whose balance is denominated in “bolivares fuertes” are classified under Level 3 in the above tables (see Note 2.2.20.)

The following table sets forth the main valuation techniques, hypothesis and inputs used in the estimation of fair value of the financial instruments classified under Levels 2 and 3, based on the type of financial asset and liability and the corresponding balances as of December 31, 2016:

 

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Financial Instruments

 

Level 2

 

Fair Value

 

(Millions of

 

euros)

     Valuation technique(s)    Unobservable inputs
            
Loans and advances            Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
   - Prepayment rates
- Issuer credit risk

 

    Financial assets held for trading

 

 

 

 

 

154

 

 

       

- Current market interest rates

 

       

 

Debt securities

 

   Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Prepayment rates

- Issuer credit risk

- Current market interest rates

 

 

  Financial assets held for trading

 

 

 

 

418

 

 

     
  Financial assets designated at fair value
  through profit or loss
    -      Active price in inactive market   

- Brokers/dealers quotes

- External contributing prices

- Market benchmarks

Available-for-sale financial assets     15,779      Comparable pricing
(Observable price in a similar market)
  
       

 

Equity Instruments

 

   Comparable pricing
(Observable price in a similar market)
  

- Brokers quotes

- Market operations

- NAVs published

 

    Financial assets held for trading

    9        
    Financial assets designated at fair value
    through profit or loss
    -        

 

    Available-for-sale financial assets

    115        
    -        

 

Other financial liabilities

 

   Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Prepayment rates

- Issuer credit risk

- Current market interest rates

 

    Financial liabilities designated at fair
    value through profit or loss
    2,338        
       

 

Derivatives

 

 

  

·Commodities: Discounted cash flows and moment adjustment

·Credit products: Default model and Gaussian copula

·Exchange rate products: Discounted cash flows, Black, Local Vol and Moment adjustment

·Fixed income products: Discounted cash flows

·Equity instruments: Local- Vol    , Black, Moment adjustment and Discounted cash flows

·Interest rate products:

- Interest rate swaps, Call money Swaps y FRA:Discounted cash flows

- Caps/Floors: Black, Hull-White y SABR

- Bond options: Black

- Swaptions: Black, Hull-White y LGM

- Interest rate options: Black, Hull-White y SABR

- Constant Maturity Swaps: SABR

  

- Exchange rates

- Market quoted future prices

- Market interest rates

- Underlying assests prices: shares, funds, commodities

- Market observable volatilities

- Issuer credit spread levels

- Quoted dividends

- Market listed correlations

 

    Derivatives

             

 

        Financial assets held for trading

    41,640        

 

        Financial liabilities held for trading

    42,120        

 

 

    Hedging derivatives

 

             

 

        Assets

 

    2,792        

 

        Liability

 

    2,189            
       

Financial Instruments

 

Level 3

 

Fair Value

 

(Millions of

 

euros)

     Valuation technique(s)    Unobservable inputs
            
Debt securities      Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Credit spread

- Recovery rates

- Interest rates

- Market benchmark

- Default correlation

 

    Financial assets held for trading

 

 

 

 

28

 

 

     
    Available-for-sale financial assets     429      Comparable pricing
(Comparison with prices of similar instruments)
  

- Prices of similar instruments or market benchmark

       

 

Equity Instruments

 

   Net Asset Value   

- NAV provided by the administrator of the fund

 

    Financial assets held for trading

    96        
    Available-for-sale financial assets     208      Comparable pricing
(Comparison with prices of similar instruments)
  

- Prices of similar instruments or market benchmark

       
Short Positions      Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Credit spread

- Recovery rates

- Interest rates

- Market benchmark

- Default correlation

 

    Financial liabilities held for trading

 

    6        
       
Derivatives      Credit Option: Gaussian Copula   

- Correlatio default

- Credit spread

- Recovery rates

- Interest rate yields

 

Trading derivatives              
        Financial assets held for trading     60      Equity OTC Options : Heston   

- Volatility of volatility

- Interest rate yields

- Dividends

- Assets correlation

 

 

        Financial liabilities held for trading

 

 

 

 

47

 

 

     

 

    Hedging derivatives

           Interest rate options: Libor Market Model   

- Beta

- Correlation rate/credit

- Credit default volatility

 

 

        Liability

 

    64        

 

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Quantitative information of unobservable inputs used to calculate Level 3 valuations is presented below:

 

    Financial instrument     Valuation technique(s)    

 

  Significant unobservable  

 

inputs

 

      Min             Max           Average           Units    
                                     
  Net Present Value   Credit Spread     61.23       396.76       225.58     b.p.
Debt Securities     Recovery Rate     40.00%       61.46%       40.30     %
    Comparable pricing         0.47%       93.40%       41.73%     %
Equity instruments   Net Asset Value

 

       

 

Too wide Range to be relevant

 

    Comparable pricing                                
Credit Option   Gaussian Copula   Correlation Default     0.48       0.73       0.67     %
Corporate Bond Option   Black 76   Price Volatility             5.16             vegas
Equity OTC Option   Heston   Forward Volatility Skew     79.58       79.58       79.58     Vegas
    Beta     0.25       18.00       9.00     %
Interest Rate Option   Libor Market Model   Correlation Rate/Credit     (100.00     100.00             %
        Credit Default Volatility     0.00       0.00       0.00     Vegas

The main techniques used for the assessment of the main financial instruments classified in Level 3, and its main unobservable inputs, are described below:

 

·  

The net present value (net present value method): This technique uses the future cash flows of each debt security, which are established in the different contracts, and discounted to their present value. This technique often includes many observable inputs, but may also include unobservable inputs, as described below.

 

 

Credit Spread: This input represents the difference in yield of a debt security and the reference rate, reflecting the additional return that a market participant would require to take the credit risk of that debt security. Therefore, the credit spread of the debt security is part of the discount rate used to calculate the present value of the future cash flows.

 

 

Recovery rate: This input represents the percentage of principal and interest recovered from a debt instrument that has defaulted.

 

·  

Comparable prices (similar asset prices): This input represents the prices of comparable financial instruments and benchmarks are used to calculate its yield from the entry price or current rating making further adjustments to account for differences that may exist between financial instrument being valued and the comparable financial instrument. It can also be assumed that the price of the financial instrument is equivalent to the other.

 

·  

Net asset value: This input represents the total value of the financial assets and liabilities of a fund and is published by the fund manager thereof.

 

·  

Gaussian copula: This input is dependent on credit instruments referenced by the CDS, the joint density function to integrate to value is constructed by a Gaussian copula that relates the marginal densities by a normal distribution, usually extracted from the correlation matrix of events approaching default by CDS issuers.

 

·  

Black 76: variant of Black Scholes model, which main application is the valuation of bond options, cap floors and swaptions to directly model the behavior of the Forward and not the Spot itself.

 

·  

Heston: This model, typically applied to equity OTC options, assumes stochastic behavior of volatility. According to which, the volatility follows a process that reverts to a long-term level and is correlated with the underlying equity instrument. As opposed to local volatility models, in which the volatility evolves deterministically, the Heston model is more flexible, allowing it to be similar to that observed in the short term today.

 

·  

Libor market model: This model assumes that the dynamics of the interest rate curve can be modeled based on the set of forward contracts that compose the interest rate option. The correlation matrix is parameterized on the assumption that the correlation between any two forward contracts decreases at a constant rate, beta, to the extent of the difference in their respective due dates. The input “Credit default volatility” is a volatility input of the credit factor dynamic. The multifactorial frame of this model makes it ideal for the valuation of instruments sensitive to the slope or curve, including interest rate option.

 

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Adjustments to the valuation for risk of default

The credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”) and debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) are a part of derivative instrument valuations, both financial assets and liabilities, to reflect the impact in the fair value of the credit risk of the counterparty and its own, respectively.

These adjustments are calculated by estimating Exposure At Default, Probability of Default and Loss Given Default, for all derivative products on any instrument at the legal entity level (all counterparties under a same ISDA / CMOF) in which BBVA has exposure.

As a general rule, the calculation of CVA is done through simulations of market and credit variables to calculate the expected positive exposure, given the Exposure at Default and multiplying the result by the Loss Given Default of the counterparty. Consequently, the DVA is calculated as the result of the expected negative exposure given the Exposure at Default and multiplying the result by the Loss Given Default of the counterparty. Both calculations are performed throughout the entire period of potential exposure.

The information needed to calculate the exposure at default and the loss given default come from the credit markets (Credit Default Swaps or iTraxx Indexes), where rating is available. For those cases where the rating is not available, BBVA implements a mapping process based on the sector, rating and geography to assign probabilities of both probability of default and loss given default, calibrated directly to market or with an adjustment market factor for the probability of default and the historical expected loss.

The amounts recognized in the Consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 related to the valuation adjustments to the credit assessment of the derivative asset as “Credit Valuation Adjustments” (“CVA”) and the derivative liabilities were -275 million and 291 million respectively. The impact recorded under “Gains or (-) losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net” in the consolidated income statement as of 2016 and 2015 corresponding to the mentioned adjustments was a net impact of 46 million and 109 million respectively.

Financial assets and liabilities classified as Level 3

The changes in the balance of Level 3 financial assets and liabilities included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros  

Financial Assets Level 3

 

  2016     2015     2014  
Changes in the Period   Assets     Liabilities       Assets       Liabilities       Assets        Liabilities    
Balance at the beginning     463       182       601       98       881        52  
Group incorporations     -       -       148       -       -        -  
Changes in fair value recognized in profit and loss (*)     33       (86)       124       (100)       39        46  
Changes in fair value not recognized in profit and loss     (81)       (3)       27       (123)       (43)        1  
Acquisitions, disposals and liquidations (**)     438       (25)       (510)       89       (153)        (6)  
Net transfers to Level 3     16       -       145       -       5        -  
Exchange differences and others     (47)       49       (71)       219       (130)        5  
Balance at the end     822       116       463       182       601        98  

 

  (*)

Profit or loss that is attributable to gains or losses relating to those financial assets and liabilities held as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014. Valuation adjustments are recorded under the heading “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)”.

 

  (**)

Of which, in 2016, the assets roll forward is comprised of 849 million of acquisitions, 340 millions of disposals and 71 millions of liquidations. The liabilities roll forward is comprised of 47 million of acquisitions and 70 million of disposals y 3 millions of liquidations.

As of December 31, 2016, the profit/loss on sales of financial instruments classified as Level 3 recognized in the accompanying income statement was not material.

Transfers between levels

The Global Valuation Area, in collaboration with the Technology and Methodology Area, has established the rules for a proper financials assets held for trading classification according to the fair value hierarchy defined by international accounting standards.

On a monthly basis, any new assets added to the portfolio are classified, according to this criterion, by the accounting subsidiary. Then, there is a quarterly review of the portfolio in order to analyze the need for a change in classification of any of these assets.

 

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The financial instruments transferred between the different levels of measurement for the year ended December 31, 2016 are at the following amounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2016:

 

    Millions of Euros  

Transfer Between Levels

    From:     Level I     Level 2     Level 3  
      To:             Level 2             Level 3             Level 1             Level 3             Level 1         Level 2      

ASSETS

             

Financial assets held for trading

      2       1       192       5       -       -  

Available-for-sale financial assets

      56       -       259       10       -       -  

Total

      58       1       451       15       -       -  
LIABILITIES-              

Financial liabilities held for trading

      5       -       -       -       -       -  

Total

      5       -       -       -       -       -  

The amount of financial instruments that were transferred between levels of valuation for the year ended December 31, 2016 is not material relative to the total portfolios, basically corresponding to the above revisions of the classification between levels because these financial instruments had modified some of its features. Specifically:

 

·  

The transfers between Level 1 and 2 represents debt securities, which are either no longer listed on an active market (transfer from Level 1 to 2) or are just starting to be listed (transfer from Level 2 to 1).

 

·  

The transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 are due mainly to equity instruments and debt securities for which observable inputs are not available.

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity analysis is performed on financial instruments with significant unobservable inputs (financial instruments included in level 3), in order to obtain a reasonable range of possible alternative valuations. This analysis is carried out on a monthly basis, based on the criteria defined by the Global Valuation Area taking into account the nature of the methods used for the assessment and the reliability and availability of inputs and proxies used. In order to establish, with a sufficient degree of certainty, the valuating risk that is incurred in such assets without applying diversification criteria between them.

As of December 31, 2016, the effect on profit for the period and total equity of changing the main unobservable inputs used for the measurement of Level 3 financial instruments for other reasonably possible unobservable inputs, taking the highest (most favorable input) or lowest (least favorable input) value of the range deemed probable, would be as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros  
   

 

Potential Impact on Consolidated Income    

Statement

 

    Potential Impact on Total Equity    

Financial Assets Level 3

 

Sensitivity Analysis

 

Most Favorable      

 

Hypothesis    

   

Least Favorable      

 

Hypothesis    

   

Most Favorable      

 

Hypothesis    

   

Least Favorable      

 

Hypothesis    

 
ASSETS        

Financial assets held for trading

    17       (30)       -       -  

Debt securities

    4       (8)       -       -  

Equity instruments

    5       (14)       -       -  

Derivatives

    8       (8)       -       -  

Available-for-sale financial assets

    -       -       4       (3)  

Debt securities

    -       -       4       (3)  
        -       -  
LIABILITIES-        

Financial liabilities held for trading

    -       -       -       -  
Total     17       (30)       4       (3)  

8.1.2       Fair value of financial instruments carried at cost

The valuation technique used to calculate the fair value of financial assets and liabilities carried at cost are presented below:

 

·  

The fair value of “Cash and cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits” approximates their book value, as it is mainly short-term balances.

 

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·  

The fair value of the “Loans and receivables”, “Held-to-maturity investments” and “financial liabilities at amortized cost” was estimated using the method of discounted expected future cash flows using market interest rates at the end of each year. Additionally, factors such as prepayment rates and correlations of default are taken into account.

The following table presents the fair value of key financial instruments carried at amortized cost in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, broken down according to the method of valuation used for the estimation:

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Fair Value of financial Instruments at

amortized cost by Levels

 

  Notes     2016     2015     2014  
      Level 1         Level 2         Level 3         Total         Level 1         Level 2         Level 3         Total         Level 1         Level 2         Level 3       Total    
ASSETS-                          
Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits     9       39,373       -       666       40,039       28,961       -       322       29,282       27,719       -       -       27,719  
Loans and receivables     13       -       10,991       457,853       468,844       -       7,681       472,858       480,539       -       3,046       374,063       377,108  
Held-to-maturity investments     14       17,567       11       41       17,619       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  
LIABILITIES-                          
Financial liabilities at amortized cost     22       -       -       594,190       594,190       -       -       613,247       613,247       -       -       486,904       486,904  

The main valuation techniques and inputs used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments accounted for at cost and classified in levels 2 and 3 is shown below. These are broken down by type of financial instrument and the balances correspond to those as of December 31, 2016:

 

Financial Instruments

 

Level 2

 

 

Fair Value

 

(Millions of

 

euros)

 

     Valuation technique(s)    Unobservable inputs

    Nivel 2

 

 

Loans and receivables

 

   Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Credit spread

- Interest rates

 

 

Debt securities

 

    10,991        
    Nivel 3        

 

Loans and receivables

           Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Credit spread

- Prepayment rates

- Market interest rates

 

Central Banks

 

 

    11,038        

 

Loans and advances to credit institutions

 

 

    31,855        

 

Loans and advances to customers

 

 

    414,742        
Debt securities     218        
       

 

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

 

   Present-value method
(Discounted future cash flows)
  

- Credit spread

- Prepayment rates

- Market interest rates

 

Deposits from central banks

 

    34,736        

 

Deposits from credit institutions

 

    63,626        

 

Customer deposits

 

    404,400        

 

Debt certificates

 

    61,395        

 

Other financial liabilities

 

    30,033        

Financial instruments at cost

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 there were equity instruments and certain discretionary profit-sharing arrangements in some entities which were recognized at cost in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets because their fair value could not be reliably determined, as they were not traded in organized markets and reliable unobservable inputs are not available. On the above dates, the balances of these financial instruments recognized in the portfolio of available-for-sale financial assets amounted to 565 million, 600 million and 540 million, respectively.

 

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The table below outlines the financial instruments carried at cost that were sold in the six months period ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Sales of Financial Instruments at Cost

 

 

           2016              2015              2014      

Amount of Sale (A)

     201        33        71  

Carrying Amount at Sale Date (B)

     58        22        21  
Gains/Losses (A-B)      142        11        50  

 

8.2

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

As indicated in Note 2.2.4, non-current assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their fair value less costs to sell and its carrying amount. As of December, 2016 nearly the entire book value of the non-current assets held for sale from foreclosures or recoveries approximate their fair value (see Note 20 and 21).The global valuation of the portfolio of assets has been carried out using a statistical methodology based on real estate and local macroeconomic variables.

Valuation standards

The overall rating of the portfolio of assets has been carried out using a statistical methodology based on real estate and local macroeconomic variables.

The details of each property which has been based each of the assessments are specified in the data sheet valuation of each asset.

Valuation Methodology

Overall valuation of real estate assets portfolio

The overall valuation of the portfolio of real estate assets as of December 31, 2016 was performed from the latest appraisal values available. This value was corrected based on the following:

 

  ·  

Analysis of the property sales performed during the year and comparison of the value to sell these properties to the appraisal values obtained most recently. From this analysis derived a conclusion by type of property and location.

 

  ·  

Individual valuation of a material sample of the entire portfolio considering type of properties. The results obtained from these valuations have been compared with the adjusted values of the above analysis, obtaining a second conclusion by type and location.

Individual valuation of real estate assets sample

The basic methods used in the valuation were as follows:

 

  ·  

Comparative Market Method: the property under study is compared with others of similar characteristics which have been recently sold or are for sale on the market, making a comparative analysis, making adjustments due to factors that can cause differences, such as location, size, dimensions, shape, topography, access, urban classification, type of construction, age, storage, distribution, function, or design.

 

  ·  

Dynamic Residual Method (DRM): this is considered the most accurate method to conduct an appraisal of the poorly developed or undeveloped land, where there is minimal planning (use and a gross floor area) or a more defined development planning, since in these cases the market is often not very transparent. It starts from the consideration that the development and sale of finished real estate product is conceived from the beginning as a business project, as such it involves a risk, taking place in a time frame in which an initial capital investment occurs generating income and expenses. As such business project, the goal is to maximize profits and therefore the principle of highest and best use.

 

  ·  

Yield Method (DCF): the value of assets is determined by the profits that they could generate in the future (projections) discounted at an appropriate rate of discount. This is an overall assessment, reflecting the economic potential and profitability

 

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To calculate the value, once the market conditions have been analyzed, the following factors are taken into consideration:

 

  ·  

Size, location, and type of property.

 

  ·  

Current condition of the property market, sales price trends and rental competition in the real estate market or industry risk, adjusted based on the statistical information of local real estate and macroeconomic variables.

 

  ·  

The fullest and best use of the asset, which must be legally allowed, physically possible, economically viable, and provide the maximum possible value, supported in economic terms. Analysis of the fullest and best use contemplates its current condition, whether free and available, based on the mentioned appraisals.

 

  ·  

Market Value of the property, considering this as vacant and available for use, analyzing factors such as location, size, physical characteristics, similar transactions and value adjustments proposed by the current economic conditions.

Valuation Criteria

Real estate properties have been appraised individually considering a hypothetical stand-alone sale and not as part of a real estate portfolio type of sale.

The portfolio of Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale by type of asset and inventories as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is provided below by hierarchy of fair value measurements:

 

         

Millions of Euros

 

 

Fair Value at Non-current assets and disposal

groups classified as held for sale and inventories

by levels

       

 

2016

 

    

 

2015

 

    

 

2014

 

 
        

 

Nivel 2

 

     Nivel 3      Total      Nivel 2      Nivel 3      Total      Nivel 2      Nivel 3      Total      
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale    21                             

Housing

        2,059        301        2,360        2,192        98        2,291        2,045        9        2,054  

Offices, warehouses and other

        326        105        431        353        53        406        399        8        407  

Land

        -        150        150        12        236        248        -        237        237  
TOTAL         2,385        556        2,941        2,557        388        2,945        2,444        255        2,699  
Inventories    20                             

Housing

        903        -        903        1,452        -        1,452        1,424        -        1,424  

Offices, warehouses and other

        620        -        620        647        -        647        628        -        628  

Land

        -        1,591        1,591        -        2,056        2,056        -        2,169        2,169  
TOTAL         1,523        1,591        3,114        2,099        2,056        4,155        2,052        2,169        4,221  

Since the amount classified in Level 3 (2,147 million) is not significant compared to the total consolidated assets and that the inputs used in the valuation (DRM or DFC), are very diverse based on the type and geographic location (being the typical ones used in the valuation of real estate assets of this type), they have not been disclosed.

 

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9.

Cash, cash balances at centrals and banks and other demands deposits and Financial liabilities measured at amortized cost

The breakdown of the balance under the headings “Cash and cash balances at central banks and other demands deposits” and “Financial liabilities at amortized cost – Deposits from central banks” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other

 

demand deposits

  

 

    2016        

 

         2015                2014          

Cash on hand

     7,413        7,192        6,247  

Cash balances at central banks

     28,671        18,445        19,755  

Other demand deposits

     3,955        3,646        1,717  
Total      40,039        29,282        27,719  

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost

 

Deposits from Central Banks

 

 

Notes    

 

         2016                  2015                  2014          

Deposits from Central Banks (*)

       30,022        20,956        19,405  

Repurchase agreements

    35            4,649        19,065        8,774  

Accrued interest until expiration

       69        66        14  
Total     22            34,740        40,087        28,193  

* It is explained by participation in different TLTRO program (see Note 7.5).

 

10.

Financial assets and liabilities held for trading

 

10.1

Breakdown of the balance

The breakdown of the balance under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
Financial Assets and Liabilities Held-for-Trading   

 

  2016        

 

       2015              2014          

ASSETS-

        

Derivatives

     42,955      40,902      44,229  

Debt securities

     27,166      32,825      33,883  

Loans and advances

     154      65      128  

Equity instruments

     4,675      4,534      5,017  

Total Assets

     74,950      78,326      83,258  

LIABILITIES-

        

Derivatives

     43,118      42,149      45,052  

Short positions

     11,556      13,053      11,747  

Total Liabilities

     54,675      55,202      56,798  

 

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10.2

Debt securities

The breakdown by type of issuer of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Financial Assets Held-for-Trading

 

Debt securities by issuer

  

 

2016        

 

     2015              2014          

Issued by Central Banks

     544        214        193  

Spanish government bonds

     4,840        7,419        6,332  

Foreign government bonds

     18,781        21,821        21,688  

Issued by Spanish financial institutions

     218        328        879  

Issued by foreign financial institutions

     1,434        1,438        2,169  

Other debt securities

     1,349        1,606        2,623  
Total      27,166        32,825        33,883  

 

10.3

Equity instruments

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Financial Assets Held-for-Trading

 

Equity instruments by Issuer

  

 

2016        

 

     2015              2014          

Shares of Spanish companies

        

Credit institutions

     781        804        865  

Other sectors

     956        1,234        1,677  

Subtotal

     1,737        2,038        2,541  

Shares of foreign companies

        

Credit institutions

     220        255        107  

Other sectors

     2,718        2,241        2,368  

Subtotal

     2,938        2,497        2,476  
Total      4,675        4,534        5,017  

 

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10.4

Derivatives

The derivatives portfolio arises from the Group’s need to manage the risks it is exposed to in the normal course of business and also to market products amongst the Group’s customers. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, trading derivatives were mainly contracted in over-the-counter (OTC) markets, with counterparties which are mainly foreign credit institutions, and related to foreign-exchange, interest-rate and equity risk.

Below is a breakdown of the net positions by transaction type of the fair value and notional amounts of derivatives recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, divided into organized and OTC markets:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Derivatives by type of risk / by product or

 

by type of market - December 2016

 

           Assets                      Liabilities            

 

Notional amount -

 

Total

 

 

 
Interest rate      25,770        25,322       1,556,150  

OTC options

     3,331        3,428       217,958  

OTC other

     22,339        21,792       1,296,183  

Organized market options

     1        -       1,311  

Organized market other

     100        102       40,698  
Equity      2,032        2,252       90,655  

OTC options

     718        1,224       44,837  

OTC other

     109        91       5,312  

Organized market options

     1,205        937       36,795  

Organized market other

     -        -       3,712  
Foreign exchange and gold      14,872        15,179       425,506  

OTC options

     417        539       27,583  

OTC other

     14,436        14,624       392,240  

Organized market options

     3        -       175  

Organized market other

     16        16       5,508  
Credit      261        338       19,399  

Credit default swap

     246        230       15,788  

Credit spread option

     -        -       150  

Total return swap

     2        108       1,895  

Other

     14        -       1,565  
Commodities      6        6       169  
Other      13        22       1,065  
DERIVATIVES      42,955        43,118       2,092,945  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     26,438        28,005       806,096  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     8,786        9,362       1,023,174  

of which: OTC - other

     6,404        4,694       175,473  

 

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     Millions of Euros  

Derivatives by type of risk / by product or

 

by type of market - December 2015

           Assets                      Liabilities             

Notional amount -

 

Total

 
Interest rate      22,425        23,152        1,289,986  

OTC options

     3,291        3,367        208,175  

OTC other

     19,134        19,785        1,069,909  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     -        -        11,902  
Equity      3,223        3,142        108,108  

OTC options

     1,673        2,119        65,951  

OTC other

     112        106        4,535  

Organized market options

     1,437        918        34,475  

Organized market other

     1        -        3,147  
Foreign exchange and gold      14,706        15,367        439,546  

OTC options

     387        458        41,706  

OTC other

     14,305        14,894        395,327  

Organized market options

     1        -        109  

Organized market other

     13        16        2,404  
Credit      500        441        33,939  

Credit default swap

     436        412        30,283  

Credit spread option

     -        -        300  

Total return swap

     -        28        1,831  

Other

     64        -        1,526  
Commodities      31        37        118  
Other      16        10        675  
DERIVATIVES      40,902        42,149        1,872,373  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     23,385        28,343        974,604  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     9,938        8,690        688,880  

of which: OTC - other

     6,122        4,177        156,828  

 

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     Millions of Euros  

Derivatives by type of risk / by product or by

 

type of market - December 2014

           Assets                      Liabilities             

Notional amount -

 

Total

 
Interest rate      29,504        28,770        1,160,445  

OTC options

     3,919        4,301        214,621  

OTC other

     25,578        24,283        936,281  

Organized market options

     1        25        1,470  

Organized market other

     6        162        8,073  
Equity      2,752        3,980        108,327  

OTC options

     1,229        1,874        64,552  

OTC other

     169        1,068        3,382  

Organized market options

     1,353        1,038        38,185  

Organized market other

     1        -        2,209  
Foreign exchange and gold      11,409        11,773        360,573  

OTC options

     243        372        33,119  

OTC other

     10,862        11,098        323,275  

Organized market options

     1        -        10  

Organized market other

     303        304        4,170  
Credit      548        504        45,066  

Credit default swap

     545        335        43,406  

Credit spread option

     3        1        1,650  

Total return swap

     -        -        -  

Other

     -        167        10  
Commodity      14        24        378  
Other      1        1        247  
DERIVATIVES      44,229        45,052        1,675,036  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     29,041        32,807        931,198  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     6,557        7,455        556,090  

of which: OTC - other

     6,966        3,261        133,631  

 

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11.

Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss

The breakdown of the balance under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      

 

Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair

 

value through profit or loss

 

       2016              2015              2014      

ASSETS-

        

Equity instruments

     1,920        2,075        2,024  

Unit-linked products

     1,749        1,960        1,930  

Other securities

     171        115        94  

Debt securities

     142        173        737  

Unit-linked products

     128        164        157  

Other securities

     14        9        580  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     -        62        -  

Total Assets

     2,062        2,311        2,761  

LIABILITIES-

        

Other financial liabilities

     2,338        2,649        2,724  

Unit-linked products

     2,338        2,649        2,724  

Total Liabilities

     2,338        2,649        2,724  

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the most significant balances within financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss related to assets and liabilities linked to insurance products where the policyholder bears the risk (“Unit-Link”). This type of product is sold only in Spain, through BBVA Seguros SA, insurance and reinsurance and in Mexico through Seguros Bancomer S.A. de CV.

Since the liabilities linked to insurance products in which the policyholder assumes the risk are valued the same way as the assets associated to these insurance products, there is no credit risk component borne by the Group in relation to these liabilities.

 

12.

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

12.1

Available-for-sale financial assets - Balance details

The breakdown of the balance by the main financial instruments in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Available-for-Sale Financial Assets        2016              2015              2014      
                      
Debt securities      74,739        108,448        87,679  

Impairment losses

     (159)        (139)        (70)  
Subtotal      74,580        108,310        87,608  
Equity instruments      4,814        5,262        7,370  

Impairment losses

     (174)        (146)        (103)  
Subtotal      4,641        5,116        7,267  
Total      79,221        113,426        94,875  

The amount of “Available for sale financial assets - debt securities” decreases in 2016, mainly due to:

        the reclassification of certain debt securities to “Loans and advances – debt securities”, corresponding mostly to Government Bonds amounting to 862 million (see Note 13).

 

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        the reclassification of certain debt securities to “Held to maturity investments” amounting to 17,650 million, of which 15,835 million correspond to Government Bonds, 1,545 million correspond to Credit Entities issues and 270 million correspond to other sectors (see Note 14).

        and, the remainder corresponding mostly to portfolio sales.

 

12.2

Debt securities

The breakdown of the balance under the heading “Debt securities” of the accompanying financial statements, broken down by the nature of the financial instruments, is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Debt Securities

 

December 2016

  

Amortized    

 

Cost (*)    

    

Unrealized    

 

Gains    

    

Unrealized    

 

Losses    

    

Book      

 

Value      

 
Domestic Debt Securities            

Spanish Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     22,427        711        (18)        23,119  

Other debt securities

     2,305        117        (1)        2,421  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     986        82        -        1,067  

Issued by other issuers

     1,319        36        (1)        1,354  
Subtotal      24,731        828        (19)        25,540  
Foreign Debt Securities            

Mexico

     11,525        19        (343)        11,200  

Mexican Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     9,728        11        (301)        9,438  

Other debt securities

     1,797        8        (42)        1,763  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     86        2        (1)        87  

Issued by other issuers

     1,710        6        (41)        1,675  

The United States

     14,256        48        (261)        14,043  

Government securities

     8,460        9        (131)        8,337  

US Treasury and other US Government agencies

     1,702        1        (19)        1,683  

States and political subdivisions

     6,758        8        (112)        6,654  

Other debt securities

     5,797        39        (130)        5,706  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     95        2        -        97  

Issued by other issuers

     5,702        37        (130)        5,609  

Turkey

     5,550        73        (180)        5,443  

Turkey Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     5,055        70        (164)        4,961  

Other debt securities

     495        2        (16)        482  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     448        2        (15)        436  

Issued by other issuers

     47        -        (1)        46  

Other countries

     17,923        634        (203)        18,354  

Other foreign governments and other general governments agencies debt securities

     7,882        373        (98)        8,156  

Other debt securities

     10,041        261        (105)        10,197  

Issued by Central Banks

     1,657        4        (2)        1,659  

Issued by credit institutions

     3,269        96        (54)        3,311  

Issued by other issuers

     5,115        161        (49)        5,227  
Subtotal      49,253        773        (987)        49,040  
Total      73,985        1,601        (1,006)        74,580  

 

  (*)

The amortized cost includes portfolio gains/losses linked to insurance contracts in which the policyholder assumes the risk in case of redemption.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Debt Securities

 

December 2015

  

Amortized    

 

Cost (*)    

    

Unrealized    

 

Gains    

    

Unrealized    

 

Losses    

    

Book      

 

Value      

 
Domestic Debt Securities            

Spanish Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     38,763        2,078        (41)        40,799  

Other debt securities

     4,737        144        (11)        4,869  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     2,702        94        -        2,795  

Issued by other issuers

     2,035        50        (11)        2,074  
Subtotal      43,500        2,221        (53)        45,668  
Foreign Debt Securities            

Mexico

     12,627        73        (235)        12,465  

Mexican Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     10,284        70        (160)        10,193  

Other debt securities

     2,343        4        (75)        2,272  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     260        1        (7)        254  

Issued by other issuers

     2,084        3        (68)        2,019  

The United States

     13,890        63        (236)        13,717  

Government securities

     6,817        13        (41)        6,789  

US Treasury and other US Government agencies

     2,188        4        (15)        2,177  

States and political subdivisions

     4,629        9        (26)        4,612  

Other debt securities

     7,073        50        (195)        6,927  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     71        5        (1)        75  

Issued by other issuers

     7,002        45        (194)        6,852  

Turkey

     13,414        116        (265)        13,265  

Turkey Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     11,801        111        (231)        11,682  

Other debt securities

     1,613        4        (34)        1,584  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     1,452        3        (30)        1,425  

Issued by other issuers

     162        1        (4)        159  

Other countries

     22,803        881        (490)        23,194  

Other foreign governments and other general government agencies debt securities

     9,778        653        (76)        10,356  

Other debt securities

     13,025        227        (414)        12,838  

Issued by Central Banks

     2,277        -        (4)        2,273  

Issued by credit institutions

     3,468        108        (88)        3,488  

Issued by other issuers

     7,280        119        (322)        7,077  
Subtotal      62,734        1,132        (1,226)        62,641  
Total      106,234        3,354        (1,278)        108,310  

 

  (*)

The amortized cost includes portfolio gains/losses linked to insurance contracts in which the policyholder assumes the risk in case of redemption.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Debt Securities

 

December 2014

  

Amortized    

 

Cost (*)    

    

Unrealized    

 

Gains    

    

Unrealized    

 

Losses    

    

Book      

 

Value      

 
Domestic Debt Securities            

Spanish Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     34,445        2,290        (55)        36,680  

Other debt securities

     5,892        252        (22)        6,122  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     3,567        162        (13)        3,716  

Issued by other issuers

     2,325        90        (9)        2,406  
Subtotal      40,337        2,542        (77)        42,802  
Foreign Debt Securities            

Mexico

     12,662        493        (96)        13,060  

Mexican Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

     10,629        459        (76)        11,012  

Other debt securities

     2,034        34        (20)        2,048  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     141        3        (3)        142  

Issued by other issuers

     1,892        31        (17)        1,906  

The United States

     10,289        102        (83)        10,307  

Government securities

     4,211        28        (8)        4,231  

US Treasury and other US Government agencies

     1,539        6        (3)        1,542  

States and political subdivisions

     2,672        22        (5)        2,689  

Other debt securities

     6,078        73        (76)        6,076  

Issued by Central Banks

     -        -        -        -  

Issued by credit institutions

     24        -        -        24  

Issued by other issuers

     6,054        73        (76)        6,052  

Other countries

     20,705        1,044        (310)        21,439  

Other foreign governments and other general governments agencies debt securities

     10,355        715        (104)        10,966  

Other debt securities

     10,350        329        (206)        10,473  

Issued by Central Banks

     1,540        10        (9)        1,540  

Issued by credit institutions

     3,352        175        (55)        3,471  

Issued by other issuers

     5,459        143        (141)        5,461  

Subtotal

     43,657        1,639        (490)        44,806  

Total

     83,994        4,181        (566)        87,608  

 

  (*)

The amortized cost includes portfolio gains/losses linked to insurance contracts in which the policyholder assumes the risk in case of redemption.

The credit ratings of the issuers of debt securities in the available-for-sale portfolio as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 

      December 2016      December 2015      December 2014  

Available for Sale financial assets

 

Debt Securities by Rating

  

Fair Value  

 

(Millions of Euros)  

     %     

Fair Value  

 

(Millions of Euros)  

     %     

Fair Value  

 

(Millions of Euros)  

     %  

AAA

     4,922        6.6%        1,842        1.7%        1,459        1.7%  

AA+

     11,172        15.0%        10,372        9.6%        7,620        8.7%  

AA

     594        0.8%        990        0.9%        329        0.4%  

AA-

     575        0.8%        938        0.9%        1,059        1.2%  

A+

     1,230        1.6%        1,686        1.6%        597        0.7%  

A

     7,442        10.0%        994        0.9%        2,223        2.5%  

A-

     1,719        2.3%        4,826        4.5%        13,606        15.5%  

BBB+

     29,569        39.6%        51,885        47.9%        9,980        11.4%  

BBB

     3,233        4.3%        23,728        21.9%        41,283        47.1%  

BBB-

     6,809        9.1%        5,621        5.2%        2,568        2.9%  

BB+ or below

     2,055        2.8%        2,639        2.4%        3,942        4.5%  

Without rating

     5,261        7.1%        2,789        2.6%        2,942        3.4%  
Total      74,580        100%        108,310        100.0%        87,608        100.0%  

 

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12.3

Equity instruments

The breakdown of the balance under the heading “Equity instruments” of the accompanying financial statements as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                             

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Equity Instruments

 

December 2016

 

  

Amortized

 

Cost

 

    

Unrealized

 

Gains

 

    

Unrealized

 

Losses

 

    

Fair

 

Value

 

 
Equity instruments listed            

Listed Spanish company shares

     3,690        17        (944      2,763  

Credit institutions

     -        -        -        -  

Other entities

     3,690        17        (944      2,763  

Listed foreign company shares

     793        289        (15      1,066  

United States

     16        22        -        38  

Mexico

     8        33        -        41  

Turkey

     5        1        -        6  

Other countries

     763        234        (15      981  
Subtotal      4,483        306        (960      3,829  
Unlisted equity instruments            

Unlisted Spanish company shares

     57        2        (1      59  

Credit institutions

     4        -        -        4  

Other entities

     53        2        (1      55  

Unlisted foreign companies shares

     708        46        (2      752  

United States

     537        13        -        550  

Mexico

     1        -        -        1  

Turkey

     18        7        (2      24  

Other countries

     152        26        -        178  
Subtotal      766        48        (3      811  
Total      5,248        355        (962              4,641  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                             

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Equity Instruments

 

December 2015

 

  

Amortized

 

Cost

 

    

Unrealized

 

Gains

 

    

Unrealized

 

Losses

 

    

Fair

 

Value

 

 
Equity instruments listed            

Listed Spanish company shares

     3,402        17        (558      2,862  

Credit institutions

     -        -        -        -  

Other entities

     3,402        17        (558      2,862  

Listed foreign company shares

     1,027        392        (44      1,375  

United States

     41        21        -        62  

Mexico

     9        42        (10      40  

Turkey

     6        4        (5      6  

Other countries

     972        325        (29      1,267  
Subtotal      4,430        409        (602      4,236  
Unlisted equity instruments            

Unlisted Spanish company shares

     74        5        (1      78  

Credit institutions

     4        1        -        6  

Other entities

     69        3        (1      72  

Unlisted foreign companies shares

     701        108        (7      802  

United States

     549        5        -        554  

Mexico

     1        -        -        1  

Turkey

     21        13        (6      27  

Other countries

     130        91        (1      220  
Subtotal      775        113        (8      880  
Total      5,204        522        (610              5,116  

 

     Millions of Euros  
                             

Available-for-sale financial assets

 

Equity Instruments

 

December 2014

 

  

Amortized

 

Cost

 

    

Unrealized

 

Gains

 

    

Unrealized

 

Losses

 

    

Fair

 

Value

 

 
Equity instruments listed            

Listed Spanish company shares

     3,129        92        (71      3,150  

Credit institutions

     2        1        -        3  

Other entities

     3,126        92        (71      3,147  

Listed foreign company shares

     2,227        1,235        (34      3,428  

United States

     54        2        -        56  

Mexico

     54        -        (5      49  

Turkey

           

Other countries

     2,118        1,233        (28      3,323  
Subtotal      5,356        1,327        (105      6,578  
Unlisted equity instruments            

Unlisted Spanish company shares

     48        1        -        49  

Credit institutions

     -        -        -        -  

Other entities

     48        1        -        49  

Unlisted foreign companies shares

     616        28        (3      641  

United States

     486        16        -        502  

Mexico

     1        -        -        1  

Turkey

           

Other countries

     129        12        (3      138  
Subtotal      664        29        (3      690  
Total      6,020        1,356        (108              7,267  

 

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12.4

Gains/losses

The changes in the gains/losses, net of taxes, recognized under the equity heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income – Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss- Available-for-sale financial assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                    

Accumulated other comprehensive income-Items that may be reclassified

 

to profit or loss-

 

Available-for-Sale Financial Assets

     2016         2015         2014    
Balance at the beginning      1,674       3,816       851  

Valuation gains and losses

     400       (1,222     5,777  

Income tax

     (62     924       (1,414

Amounts transferred to income

     (1,181     (1,844     (1,398

Other reclassifications

     116       -       -  
Balance at the end      947       1,674       3,816  

Of which:

      

Debt securities

           1,629               1,769               2,965  

Equity instruments

     (682     (95     851  

During 2016, the losses recognized mainly for certain Debt securities from Brazil, United States and Colombia in the heading “Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss- Available- for-sale financial assets” in the accompanying consolidated income statement amounted to 157 million (Note 47). In 2015 and 2014 the losses recognized were not significant (1 and 19 million respectively).

For the rest of debt securities, the 92.2% of the unrealized losses recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss – Available-for-sale financial assets” and originating in debt securities were generated over more than twelve months. However, no impairment was recognized, as following an analysis of these unrealized losses we concluded that they were temporary due to the following reasons: the interest payment dates of all the fixed-income securities have been satisfied; and because there is no evidence that the issuer will not continue to meet its payment obligations, nor that future payments of both principal and interest will not be sufficient to recover the cost of the debt securities.

The losses recognized, for equity instruments Available-for-Sale, under the heading “Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss - Available- for-sale financial assets” in the accompanying consolidated income statement amounted to 46, 23 and 17 million in 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively (see Note 47).

As of December 31, 2016, the Group has analyzed the unrealized losses recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss– Available-for-sale financial assets” resulting from equity instruments generated over a period of more than 12 months and with a fall of more 20% in their price, as a first approximation to the existence of possible impairment. As of 31 December, 2016, the unrealized losses recognized under the heading “Accumulated other comprehensive income - Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss– Available-for-sale financial assets” resulting from equity instruments generated over a period of more than 18 months or with a fall of more 40% in their price are not significant in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

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13.

Loans and receivables

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the nature of the financial instrument, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Loans and Receivables    Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             
Debt securities      13.3        11,209        10,516        6,659  
Loans and advances to central banks      13.1        8,894        17,830        5,429  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      13.1        31,373        29,317        25,342  
Loans and advances to customers      13.2        414,500        414,165        338,657  
Total               465,977              471,828              376,086  

 

13.1

Loans and advances to central banks and credit institutions

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to their nature, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                           

Loans and Advances to Central Banks and Credit

 

Institutions

   Notes      2016     2015     2014  
Loans and advances to central banks         8,872       17,821       5,428  
Loans and advances to credit institutions         31,364       29,301       25,257  
Deposits with agreed maturity         5,063       6,732       3,679  
Other accounts         10,739       10,820       11,138  
Reverse repurchase agreements      35        15,561       11,749       10,440  
Total gross      7.3.1        40,235       47,122       30,686  
Valuation adjustments and other         32       24       85  

Impairment losses

     7.3.4        (43     (51     (29

Derivatives – Hedge accounting and others

        -       -       -  

Accrued interests and fees

        75       75       114  
Total net             40,267           47,147           30,771  

 

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13.2

Loans and advances to customers

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to their nature, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                           
                           
Loans and Advances to Customers    Notes      2016     2015     2014  
                           
Mortgage secured loans         142,269       144,203       124,097  

Operating assets mortgage loans

        9,376       6,813       4,062  

Home mortgages

        122,758       120,164       109,031  

Rest of mortgages

        10,135       17,226       11,005  
Other loans secured with security interest         59,898       57,041       28,419  

Cash guarantees

        1,253       479       468  

Secured loan (pledged securities)

        709       734       518  

Rest of secured loans (*)

        57,936       55,828       27,433  
Unsecured loans         134,275       137,322       119,002  
Credit lines         12,268       13,758       12,851  
Commercial credit         14,877       13,434       10,015  
Receivable on demand and other         8,858       9,226       7,021  
Credit cards         15,238       15,360       11,756  
Finance leases         9,144       9,032       7,095  
Reverse repurchase agreements      35        7,279       5,036       6,990  
Financial paper         1,020       1,063       873  
Impaired assets      7.3.4        22,915       25,333       22,703  
Total gross      7.3.1        428,041       430,808       350,822  
Valuation adjustments and other         (13,541     (16,643     (12,166

Impairment losses

       7.3.4        (15,974     (18,691     (14,244

Derivatives – Hedge accounting and others

        1,222       1,199       1,215  

Accrued interests and fees

        1,211       849       863  
Total net                 414,500               414,165               338,657  

 

  (*)

Includes loans with cash collateral, other financial assets with partial real estate and cash collateral.

As of December, 2016, 34% of “Loans and advances to customers” with maturity greater than one year have fixed-interest rates and 66% have variable interest rates.

The heading “Loans and receivables – Loans and advances to customers” includes financial leases that several Group entities execute with customers to fund acquisitions of goods, both properties and fixtures. The breakdown of financial lease agreements as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was the following:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      

 

Financial Lease Arrangements

 

  

 

2016

 

    

 

2015

 

    

 

2014

 

 
Movable property            6,265              6,181              4,413  
Real Estate      2,878        2,851        2,682  
Fixed rate      80%        74%        73%  
Floating rate      20%        26%        27%  

 

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The heading “Loans and receivables – Loans and advances to customers” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets also includes certain secured loans that, as mentioned in Appendix VIII and pursuant to the Mortgage Market Act, are linked to long-term mortgage-covered bonds. This heading also includes some loans that have been securitized. The balances recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets corresponding to these securitized loans are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
                      
Securitized Loans    2016      2015      2014  
                      
                      
Securitized mortgage assets      29,512        28,955        25,099  
Other securitized assets      3,731        3,666        2,225  

Commercial and industrial loans

     762        751        735  

Finance leases

     100        154        219  

Loans to individuals

     2,269        2,067        1,213  

Other

     601        694        58  
Total            33,243              32,621              27,324  
Of which:         
Liabilities associated to assets retained on the balance sheet (*)      6,525        7,619        5,215  

 

  (*)

These liabilities are recognized under “Financial liabilities at amortized cost - Debt securities” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets (Note 22.3).

 

13.3

Debt securities

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the issuer of the debt security, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
                             
Debt securities    Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             
                             
Government         4,709        3,275        5,608  
Credit institutions         37        125        81  
Other sectors (*)         6,481        7,126        975  
Total gross      7.3.1              11,226              10,526              6,663  
Impairment losses         (17)        (10)        (4)  
Total net         11,209        10,516        6,659  

In 2016, some debt securities were reclassified from “Available-for-sale financial assets” to “Loans and receivables-Debt securities”.

The following table shows the fair value and carrying amounts of these reclassified financial assets:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
     As of Reclassification date      As of December 31, 2016  

Debt Securities reclassified to “Loans and

 

 

receivables” from “Available-for-sale financial

 

 

assets”

   Carrying Amount      Fair Value      Carrying Amount      Fair Value  

BBVA S.A.

     862        862        844        863  
Total                              862                    862                                844                    863  

 

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The following table presents the amount recognized in 2016 income statement from the valuation at amortized cost of the reclassified financial assets, as well as the impact recognized on the income statement and under the heading “Total Equity - Accumulated other comprehensive income”, as of December 31, 2016, if the reclassification was not performed.

 

    Millions of Euros  
                     
    Recognized in      Effect of not Reclassifying  

Effect on Income Statement and Other

 

Comprehensive Income

 

Income

 

Statement

     Income Statement     

Equity

 

“Valuation

 

Adjustments”

 

BBVA S.A.

    22            22                         (5)     
Total                         22                                    22                         (5)     

 

14.

Held-to-maturity investments

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the according to the issuer of the financial instrument, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros
      

 

Held-to-maturity investments

 

Debt Securities

 

   2016
Domestic Debt Securities   

Spanish Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

   8,063

Other debt securities

   562

Issued by Central Banks

   -

Issued by credit institutions

   494

Issued by other issuers

   68
Subtotal    8,625
Foreign Debt Securities   

Mexico

   -

The United States

   -

Turkey

   6,184

Turkey Government and other general governments agencies debt securities

   5,263

Other debt securities

   921

Issued by Central Banks

   -

Issued by credit institutions

   876

Issued by other issuers

   45

Other countries

   2,887

Other foreign governments and other general governments agencies debt securities

   2,719

Other debt securities

   168

Issued by Central Banks

   -

Issued by credit institutions

   146

Issued by other issuers

   22
Subtotal    9,071
Total    17,696

 

  (*)

As of December, 2015 and 2014 the Group BBVA has not registered any balances in this heading.

In 2016, some debt securities were reclassified from “Available-for-sale financial assets” to “Held-to-maturity investments” amounting to 17,650 million. This reclassification has been carried out once past the two-year

 

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penalty established in IAS-39 standard (penalization which meant not being able to keep maturity portfolio due to the significant sales that occurred in the year 2013) and since the intention the Group regarding how to manage such securities, is held to maturity.

As of December 31, 2016, the credit ratings of the issuers of debt securities classified as held-to-maturity investments were as follows:

 

     December 2016  

 

Held to maturity investments

 

Debt Securities by Rating

 

   Book value
(Millions of Euros)    
     %  

AAA

     -        -  

AA+

     -        -  

AA

     43        0.2%  

AA-

     134        0.8%  

A+

     -        -  

A

     -        -  

A-

     -        -  

BBB+

     10,472        59.2%  

BBB

     591        3.3%  

BBB-

     5,187        29.3%  

BB+ or below

     -        -  

Without rating

     1,270        7.2%  
Total      17,696        100%  

The following table shows the fair value and carrying amounts of these reclassified financial assets:

 

    Millions of Euros
                    
    As of Reclassification date    As of December 31, 2016

 

Debt Securities reclassified to “Held to Maturity

 

Investments”

 

  Carrying Amount      Fair Value      Carrying Amount      Fair Value  

BBVA S.A.

  11,162    11,162    9,589    9,635

TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S

  6,488    6,488    6,230    6,083
Total   17,650    17,650    15,819    15,718

 

  (*)

The decrease in book value is mainly due to amortizations since the date of reclassification.

The fair value carrying amount of these financials asset on the date of the reclassification becomes its new amortized cost. The previous gain on that asset that has been recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive income – Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss - Available for sale financial assets” is amortized to profit or loss over the remaining life of the held-to-maturity investment using the effective interest method. Any difference between the new amortized cost and maturity amount is also amortized over the remaining life of the financial asset using the effective interest method, similar to the amortization of a premium and a discount. This reclassification was triggered by a change in the Group’s strategy regarding the management of these securities.

The following table presents the amount recognized in the 2016 income statement from the valuation at amortized cost of the reclassified financial assets, as well as the impact recognized on the income statement and under the heading “Total Equity - Accumulated other comprehensive income”, as of December 31, 2016, if the reclassification was not performed.

 

     Recognized in      Effect of not Reclassifying

Effect on Income Statement and

 

Other Comprehensive Income

  

Income    

 

Statement    

   Income Statement       

Equity    

 

“Accumulated other    

 

comprehensive    

 

income”    

BBVA S.A.

   230        230        (86)    

TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S

   326        326        (225)    
Total    557        557        (311)    

 

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15.

Hedging derivatives and fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedge of interest rate risk

The balance of these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      

Derivatives – Hedge accounting and fair value

 

changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedge of

 

interest rate risk

       2016              2015              2014      
ASSETS-         

Hedging Derivatives

     2,833        3,538        2,551  

Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk

     17        45        121  
LIABILITIES-         

Hedging Derivatives

     2,347        2,726        2,331  

Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk

     -        358        -  

As of December 2016, 2015 and 2014, the main positions hedged by the Group and the derivatives designated to hedge those positions were:

 

·  

Fair value hedging:

 

 

Available-for-sale fixed-interest debt securities and loans and receivables: The interest rate risk of these securities is hedged using interest rate derivatives (fixed-variable swaps) and forward sales.

 

 

Long-term fixed-interest debt securities issued by the Bank: the interest rate risk of these securities is hedged using interest rate derivatives (fixed-variable swaps).

 

 

Fixed-interest loans: The equity price risk of these instruments is hedged using interest rate derivatives (fixed-variable swaps).

 

 

Fixed-interest and/or embedded derivative deposit portfolio hedges: it covers the interest rate risk through fixed-variable swaps. The valuation of the loan deposits corresponding to the interest rate risk is in the heading “Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk”.

 

·  

Cash-flow hedges: Most of the hedged items are floating interest-rate loans and asset hedges linked to the inflation of the available for sale portfolio. This risk is hedged using foreign-exchange, interest-rate swaps, inflation and FRA’s (“Forward Rate Agreement”).

 

·  

Net foreign-currency investment hedges: These hedged risks are foreign-currency investments in the Group’s foreign subsidiaries. This risk is hedged mainly with foreign-exchange options and forward currency sales and purchases.

Note 7 analyze the Group’s main risks that are hedged using these derivatives.

 

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The details of the net positions by hedged risk of the fair value of the hedging derivatives recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Hedging Derivatives

 

Breakdown by type of risk and type of hedge

 

December 2016

   Assets          Liabilities         

Notional amount    

 

- Total hedging    

 
Interest rate      1,154        974        68,293  

OTC options

     125        118        1,495  

OTC other

     1,029        856        66,798  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     -        -        -  
Equity      -        50        731  

OTC options

     -        50        731  

OTC other

     -        -        -  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     -        -        -  
Foreign exchange and gold      817        553        2,883  

OTC options

     -        -        -  

OTC other

     817        553        2,883  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     -        -        -  
Credit      -        -        -  
Commodities      -        -        -  
Other      -        -        -  
FAIR VALUE HEDGES      1,970        1,577        71,908  
Interest rate      194        358        26,798  

OTC options

     -        -        -  

OTC other

     186        358        26,504  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     8        -        294  
Equity      -        -        -  
Foreign exchange and gold      248        118        7,089  

OTC options

     89        70        4,331  

OTC other

     160        48        2,758  

Organized market options

     -        -        -  

Organized market other

     -        -        -  
Credit      -        -        -  
Commodities      -        -        -  
Other      -        -        -  
CASH FLOW HEDGES      442        476        33,887  
HEDGE OF NET INVESTMENTS IN A FOREIGN OPERATION      362        79     
PORTFOLIO FAIR VALUE HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      55        214        13,133  
PORTFOLIO CASH FLOW HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      4        -        284  
DERIVATIVES-HEDGE ACCOUNTING      2,833        2,347        119,212  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     2,381        2,103        42,343  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     435        165        67,773  

of which: OTC - other

     9        79        8,803  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                     

Hedging Derivatives

 

Breakdown by type of risk and type of hedge

 

December 2015

   Assets              Liabilities            

Notional amount    

 

- Total hedging    

 
Interest rate      1,660        875       55,767  

OTC options

     187        128       1,390  

OTC other

     1,473        747       54,377  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Equity      12        74       2,500  

OTC options

     -        72       791  

OTC other

     12        2       1,709  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Foreign exchange and gold      675        389       3,335  

OTC options

     -        -       1  

OTC other

     675        388       3,334  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Credit      -        -       -  
Commodities      -        -       -  
Other      -        -       -  
FAIR VALUE HEDGES      2,347        1,337       61,602  
Interest rate      204        319       13,593  

OTC options

     -        -       -  

OTC other

     204        318       13,329  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        1       264  
Equity      -        -       -  
Foreign exchange and gold      242        34       2,382  

OTC options

     42        12       1,493  

OTC other

     200        22       889  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Credit      -        -       -  
Commodities      -        -       -  
Other      -        -       -  
CASH FLOW HEDGES      446        353       15,974  
HEDGE OF NET INVESTMENTS IN A FOREIGN OPERATION      47        304    
PORTFOLIO FAIR VALUE HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      697        732       17,919  
PORTFOLIO CASH FLOW HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      -        -       -  
DERIVATIVES-HEDGE ACCOUNTING      3,538        2,726       100,858  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     3,413        2,366       49,776  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     95        256       47,881  

of which: OTC - other

     29        103       2,936  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                     

Hedging Derivatives

 

Breakdown by type of risk and type of hedge-

 

December 2014

   Assets              Liabilities            

Notional amount -    

 

Total hedging    

 
Interest rate      2,174        990       56,125  

OTC options

     -        -       2  

OTC other

     2,174        990       56,123  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Equity      13        101       578  

OTC options

     8        89       578  

OTC other

     6        12       -  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Foreign exchange and gold      -        12       2,741  

OTC options

     -        -       -  

OTC other

     -        12       2,741  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Credit      -        -       20  

OTC options

     -        -       20  

OTC other

     -        -       -  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Commodity      -        -       -  
Other      -        61       115  
FAIR VALUE HEDGES      2,188        1,164       59,578  
Interest rate      265        272       6,014  

OTC options

     3        7       -  

OTC other

     262        265       5,777  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       238  
Equity      -        -       -  
Foreign exchange and gold      36        27       2,070  

OTC options

     22        12       1,064  

OTC other

     14        16       1,006  

Organized market options

     -        -       -  

Organized market other

     -        -       -  
Credit      -        -       -  
Commodity      -        -       -  
Other      -        -       -  
CASH FLOW HEDGES      301        299       8,085  
HEDGE OF NET INVESTMENTS IN A FOREIGN OPERATION      -        502    
PORTFOLIO FAIR VALUE HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      62        366       10,783  
PORTFOLIO CASH FLOW HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      -        -       -  
DERIVATIVES-HEDGE ACCOUNTING      2,551        2,331       82,606  

of which: OTC - credit institutions

     2,305        1,954       42,724  

of which: OTC - other financial corporations

     236        280       39,169  

of which: OTC - other

     10        97       476  

 

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The cash flows forecasts for the coming years for cash flow hedging recognized on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 are:

 

     Millions of Euros
                          
                          
Cash Flows of Hedging Instruments   

3 Months or 

Less

  

From 3 Months 

to 1 Year

  

From 1 to 5 

Years

  

More than 5 

Years

   Total 
                          
Receivable cash inflows    548    1,103    1,794    2,857    6,302
Payable cash outflows    526    815    1,795    3,009    6,146

The above cash flows will have an impact on the Group’s consolidated income statements until 2054.

In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 there was no reclassification in the accompanying consolidated income statements of any amount corresponding to cash flow hedges that was previously recognized in equity.

The amount for derivatives designated as accounting hedges that did not pass the effectiveness test during the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was not material.

 

16.

Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

 

16.1

Associates and joint venture entities

The breakdown of the balance of “Investments in joint ventures and associates” (see Note 2.1) in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros
                
                

Associates Entities and joint ventures.

 

Breakdown by entities

         2016                2015                2014      
                
Joint ventures         
Fideicomiso 1729 invex enajenacion de cartera    57    66    70
Fideicomiso F 403853 5 BBVA Bancomer ser.zibata    33    44    20
PSA Finance Argentina compañia financiera S.A.    21    23    26
Other joint ventures    118    110    3,976
Subtotal    229    243    4,092
Associates Entities         
Metrovacesa, S.A.    -    351    233
Metrovacesa Suelo y Promoción, S.A.    208    -    -
Metrovacesa Promoción y Arrendamientos S.A.    67    -    -
Testa Residencial SOCIMI SAU    91    -    -
Atom Bank, PLC.    43    -    -
Brunara SICAV, S.A.    -    54    52
Servired Sociedad Española de Medios de Pago, S.A    11    92    8
Other associates    116    139    124
Subtotal    536    636    417
Total    765    879    4,509

Details of the joint ventures and associates as of December 31, 2016 are shown in Appendix II.

 

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The following is a summary of the changes in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                    

Associates Entities and joint ventures.

 

Changes in the Year

         2016                 2015                 2014        
Balance at the beginning      879       4,509       4,742  
Acquisitions and capital increases      456       464       36  
Disposals and capital reductions      (91     (32     (10
Transfers and changes of consolidation method      (351     (3,850     (948
Share of profit and loss (Note 38)      25       174       343  
Exchange differences      (34     (250     235  
Dividends, valuation adjustments and others      (118     (136     111  
Balance at the end      765       879       4,509  

The variation in 2014 is mainly explained by the reclassification of CNBC to “Available-for-sale financial Assets” (see Note 3).

The variation in 2015 is mainly explained by the change of the method of consolidation of Garanti (see Note 3) and by the capital increase in Metrovacesa, S.A, for compensation credits amounting to 159 million euros.

The variation in 2016 is mainly explained, by:

 

   

In January 2016, two capital increases in Metrovacesa, S.A were made through a debt swap and a contribution of real estate assets, which provided the Group 357 million euros, including the share premium.

 

   

In March 2016, there was a partial Split of Metrovacesa, S.A in favor of a beneficiary company from a new constitution denominated Metrovacesa Suelo y Promocion, S.A, through the transfer in block and by universal succession of the patrimony belonging to its branch activity of floor and real estate promotion.

 

   

In October 2016, there was a total split of Metrovacesa, S.A through its extinction and division of its patrimony in three parts (Commercial Patrimony, Residential Patrimony and Non-Strategic Patrimony) that have been transmitted in block and by universal succession to Merlin Properties, SOCIMI, S.A, Testa Residencial, SOCIMI, S.A and Metrovacesa Promoción y Arrendamiento, S.A, respectively.

 

   

As result of the previous mentioned splits, the Bank has received equity interests in the corresponding beneficiary companies. In the case of Merlin Properties, SOCIMI, S.A, 6.41% of its capital was received, having been transferred to the heading “Available-for-sale financial assets (see Note 12.3).

Appendix III provides notifications on acquisitions and disposals of holdings in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, in compliance with Article 155 of the Corporations Act and Article 53 of the Securities Market Act 24/1988

 

16.2

Other information about associates and joint ventures

If these entities had been consolidated rather than accounted for using the equity method, the change in each of the lines of balance sheet and the consolidated income statement would not be significant.

As of December 31, 2016 there was no financial support agreement or other contractual commitment to associates and joint ventures entities from the holding or the subsidiaries that are not recognized in the financial statements (see Note 53.2).

As of December 31, 2016 there was no contingent liability in connection with the investments in joint ventures and associates (see Note 53.2).

 

16.3

Impairment

As described in IAS 36, when there is indicator of impairment, the book value of the associates and joint venture entities should be compared with their recoverable amount, being the latter calculated as the higher between the value in use and the fair value minus the cost of sale. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there was no significant impairments recognized.

 

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17.

Tangible assets

The breakdown of the balance and changes of this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the nature of the related items, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                                                  
     For Own Use     

Total tangible

 

asset of Own

 

Use

    

Investment

 

Properties

    

Assets Leased

 

out under an

 

Operating Lease

     Total  

Tangible Assets. Breakdown by

 

Type of Assets and Changes in

 

the year 2016

  

Land and

 

Buildings

    

Work in

 

Progress

    

Furniture,

 

Fixtures and

 

Vehicles

             
Cost -                     

Balance at the beginning

     5,858        545        7,628        14,029        2,391        668        17,088  

Additions

     30        320        563        913        62        337        1,312  

Retirements

     (85)        (29)        (468)        (582)        (117)        (97)        (796)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     (7)        -        (1)        (8)        (3)        -        (11)  

Transfers

     676        (544)        (386)        (254)        (986)        84        (1,156)  

Exchange difference and other

     (296)        (52)        (277)        (625)        (184)        (34)        (843)  

Balance at the end

     6,176        240        7,059        13,473        1,163        958        15,594  
Accrued depreciation -                     

Balance at the beginning

     1,103        -        4,551        5,654        116        202        5,972  

Additions (Note 45)

     106        -        561        667        23        -        690  

Retirements

     (72)        -        (461)        (533)        (10)        (17)        (560)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (1)        -        (37)        (38)        (55)        55        (38)  

Exchange difference and other

     (20)        -        (153)        (173)        (11)        (24)        (208)  

Balance at the end

     1,116        -        4,461        5,577        63        216        5,856  
Impairment -                     

Balance at the beginning

     354        -        -        354        808        10        1,172  

Additions (Note 48)

     48        -        5        53        90        -        143  

Retirements

     (2)        -        -        (2)        (9)        -        (11)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (1)        -        -        (1)        (380)        -        (381)  

Exchange difference and other

     (20)        -        (5)        (25)        (100)        -        (125)  

Balance at the end

     379        -        -        379        409        10        798  

Net tangible assets -

                    

Balance at the beginning

     4,401        545        3,077        8,021        1,467        456        9,944  

Balance at the end

     4,681        240        2,598        7,519        691        732        8,941  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                                                  
     For Own Use     

Total Tangible

 

Asset of Own

 

Use

    

Investment

 

Properties

    

Assets Leased

 

out under an

 

Operating Lease

     Total  

Tangible Assets. Breakdown by

 

Type of Assets and Changes in

 

the year 2015

  

Land and

 

Buildings

    

Work in

 

Progress

    

Furniture,

 

Fixtures and

 

Vehicles

             
Cost -                     

Balance at the beginning

     4,168        1,085        5,904        11,157        2,180        674        14,012  

Additions

     105        715        1,097        1,917        14        240        2,171  

Retirements

     (18)        (39)        (146)        (203)        (167)        (74)        (444)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     1,378        78        1,426        2,882        738        -        3,620  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     718        (1,211)        40        (453)        (235)        (153)        (841)  

Exchange difference and other

     (494)        (83)        (693)        (1,271)        (139)        (19)        (1,429)  

Balance at the end

     5,858        545        7,628        14,029        2,391        668        17,088  
Accrued depreciation -                     

Balance at the beginning

     1,255        -        3,753        5,008        102        226        5,335  

Additions (Note 45)

     103        -        512        615        25        -        640  

Retirements

     (16)        -        (129)        (145)        (10)        -        (155)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     140        -        940        1,080        23        -        1,103  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (19)        -        (16)        (35)        (9)        (15)        (59)  

Exchange difference and other

     (360)        -        (509)        (869)        (15)        (9)        (893)  

Balance at the end

     1,103        -        4,551        5,654        116        202        5,972  
Impairment -                     

Balance at the beginning

     148        -        16        164        687        6        857  

Additions (Note 48)

     7        -        19        26        30        4        60  

Retirements

     -        -        (1)        (1)        (64)        -        (65)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     187        -        -        187        295        -        482  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     9        -        (15)        (6)        (62)        -        (68)  

Exchange difference and other

     3        -        (19)        (16)        (78)        -        (94)  

Balance at the end

     354        -        -        354        808        10        1,172  

Net tangible assets -

                    

Balance at the beginning

     2,764        1,085        2,135        5,985        1,392        443        7,819  

Balance at the end

     4,401        545        3,077        8,021        1,467        456        9,944  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                                                  
     For Own Use      Total Tangible
Asset of Own
Use
     Investment
Properties
     Assets Leased
out under an
Operating Lease
     Total  
Tangible Assets. Breakdown by Type of
Assets and Changes in the year 2014
   Land and
Buildings
     Work in
Progress
     Furniture,
Fixtures and
Vehicles
             
Cost -                     

Balance at the beginning

     3,980        715        6,827        11,522        2,519        705        14,747  

Additions

     153        517        568        1,238        4        176        1,418  

Retirements

     (48)        (32)        (697)        (777)        (96)        (38)        (911)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (30)        (94)        33        (91)        (41)        (173)        (305)  

Exchange difference and other

     113        (21)        (827)        (735)        (206)        4        (937)  

Balance at the end

     4,168        1,085        5,904        11,157        2,180        674        14,012  
Accrued depreciation -      -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Balance at the beginning

     1,179        -        4,801        5,980        102        233        6,314  

Additions (Note 45)

     94        -        495        589        22        -        611  

Retirements

     (20)        -        (669)        (689)        (6)        (1)        (696)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (11)        -        (17)        (28)        (1)        (20)        (49)  

Exchange difference and other

     13        -        (857)        (844)        (15)        14        (845)  

Balance at the end

     1,255        -        3,753        5,008        102        226        5,335  
Impairment -                     

Balance at the beginning

     153        -        15        168        727        6        900  

Additions (Note 48)

     25        -        10        35        61        -        97  

Retirements

     (1)        -        -        (1)        (46)        -        (47)  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Disposal of entities in the year

     -        -        -        -        -        -        -  

Transfers

     (17)        -        -        (17)        (17)        -        (34)  

Exchange difference and other

     (12)        -        (9)        (21)        (38)        -        (59)  

Balance at the end

     148        -        16        164        687        6        857  

Net tangible assets -

                    

Balance at the beginning

     2,647        715        2,011        5,373        1,693        468        7,534  

Balance at the end

     2,764        1,085        2,135        5,985        1,392        443        7,820  

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the cost of fully amortized tangible assets that remained in use were 2,313, 2,663 and 2,198 million respectively while its recoverable residual value was not significant.

The balance of amortizations in this heading during the years ended December 2016, 2015 and 2014 are provided in Note 45.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount of tangible assets under financial lease schemes on which the purchase option is expected to be exercised was not material.

The main activity of the Group is carried out through a network of bank branches located geographically as shown in the following table:

 

    Number of Branches  
                   
                   
                   
Branches by Geographical Location     2016             2015             2014        
                   
                   
Spain     3,303       3,811       3,112  
Mexico     1,836       1,818       1,831  
South America     1,667       1,684       1,676  
The United States     676       669       672  
Turkey     1,131       1,109       1  
Rest of Eurasia     47       54       79  
Total     8,660       9,145       7,371  

 

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The following table shows the detail of the net carrying amount of the tangible assets corresponding to Spanish and foreign subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     Millions of Euros            
                      
                      

Tangible Assets by Spanish and Foreign Subsidiaries

 

Net Assets Values

   2016            2015            2014        
                      
BBVA and Spanish subsidiaries      3,692        4,584        4,083  
Foreign subsidiaries      5,249        5,360        3,737  
Total      8,941        9,944        7,820  

 

18.

Intangible assets

 

18.1

Goodwill

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the cash-generating units (CGUs), is as follows:

 

                   Millions of Euros               
                                         
                                         

Goodwill. Breakdown by CGU and

 

Changes of the year 2016

  

Balance at the

 

Beginning

       Additions       

Exchange

 

Difference

      Impairment            Rest          

Balance at the 
End

 

 
                                         

The United States

     5,328        -        175       -        -       5,503  

Turkey

     727        -        (101     -        (1     624  

Mexico

     602        -        (79     -        -       523  

Colombia

     176        -        14       -        -       191  

Chile

     62        -        6       -        -       68  

Rest

     20        8        -       -        -       28  
Total      6,915        8        15       -        (1     6,937  

The change in 2016 is mainly as a result of the exchange differences due to the appreciation of the US Dollar against the euro and the depreciation of the Turkish lira and the Mexican peso.

 

                   Millions of Euros                
                                          
                                          

Goodwill. Breakdown by CGU and

 

Changes of the year 2015

   Balance at the
Beginning
       Additions       

Exchange

 

Difference

      Impairment            Rest            Balance at the 
End
 
                                          

The United States

     4,767        12        549       -        -        5,328  

Turkey

     -        788        (62     -        -        727  

Mexico

     638        -        (35     -        -        602  

Colombia

     208        -        (31     -        -        176  

Chile

     65        -        (3     -        -        62  

Rest

     20        -        (1     -        -        20  
Total      5,697        800        418       -        -        6,915  

The change in 2015 is mainly as a result of the full consolidation of Garanti since the date of effective control (see Note 3) assigned to the CGU of Turkey and exchange differences due to the appreciation of the US Dollar against the euro and the depreciation of the other currencies.

 

                   Millions of Euros               
                                         
                                         

Goodwill. Breakdown by CGU and

 

Changes of the year 2014

  

Balance at the

 

Beginning

       Additions       

Exchange

 

Difference

      Impairment            Rest           Balance at the 
End
 
                                         

The United States

     4,133        65        570       -        (1     4,767  

Mexico

     630        -        7       -        -       638  

Turkey

     -        -        -       -        -       -  

Colombia

     227        -        (19     -        -       208  

Chile

     66        -        (1     -        -       65  

Rest

     12        8        -       -        -       20  
Total      5,069        73        557       -        (1     5,697  

 

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  (*)

The change depicted in the above table corresponded to the acquisition of Simple.

Impairment Test

As described in Note 2.2.8, the cash-generating units (CGUs) to which goodwill has been allocated are periodically tested for impairment by including the allocated goodwill in their carrying amount. This analysis is performed at least annually and whenever there is any indication of impairment.

Both the CGU’s fair values in the United States and the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities had been based on the estimates and assumptions that the Group’s Management has deemed most likely given the circumstances. However, some changes to the valuation assumptions used could result in differences in the impairment test result.

Three key hypotheses are used when calculating the impairment test. They those to which the amount of the recoverable value is most sensitive:

 

·  

The forecast cash flows estimated by the Group’s management, and based on the latest available budgets for the next 5 years.

 

·  

The constant sustainable growth rate for extrapolating cash flows, starting in the fifth year (2021), beyond the period covered by the budgets or forecasts.

 

·  

The discount rate on future cash flows, which coincides with the cost of capital assigned to each CGU, and which consists of a risk-free rate plus a premium that reflects the inherent risk of each of the businesses evaluated.

The focus used by the Group’s management to determine the values of the hypotheses is based both on its projections and past experience. These values are uniform and use external sources of information. At the same time, the valuations of the most significant goodwill have in general been reviewed by independent experts (not the Group’s external auditors) who apply different valuation methods according to each type of asset and liability. The valuation methods used are: The method for calculating the discounted value of future cash flows, the market transaction method and the cost method.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, no indicators of impairment have been identified in any of the main CGUs.

The Group’s most significant goodwill corresponds to the CGU in the United States, the main significant hypotheses used in the impairment test of this mentioned CGU are:

 

 

Impairment test hypotheses

 

CGU Goodwill in the United States

 

           2016                      2015                      2014          

Discount rate

     10.0%        9.8%        10.0%  

Sustainable growth rate

     4.0%        4.0%        4.0%  

Given the potential growth of the sector, in accordance with paragraph 33 of IAS 36, as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the Group used a steady growth rate of 4% based on the real GDP growth rate of the United States and expected inflation. This 4% rate is less than the historical average of the past 30 years of the nominal GDP rate of the United States and lower than the real GDP growth forecasted by the IMF.

The assumptions with a greater relative weight and whose volatility could affect more in determining the present value of the cash flows starting on the fifth year are the discount rate and the growth rate. Below is shown the increased (or decreased) amount of the recoverable amount as a result of a reasonable variation (in basic points) of each of the key assumptions:

 

    Millions of Euros
         
Sensitivity analysis for main hypotheses  

Impact of an increase of 50    

 

basis points (*)    

 

 

Impact of a decrease of 50    

 

basis points (*)    

 

Discount rate

  (1,106)   1,309

Sustainable growth rate

  521   (441)

 

  (*)

Based on historical changes, the use of 50 basis points to calculate the sensitivity analysis would be a reasonable variation with respect to the observed variations over the last five years (36 basis points).

 

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Another assumption used, and with a high impact on the impairment test, is the budgets of the CGU and specifically the effect that changes in interest rates have on cash flows. The rise in interest rates in December 2016 and the expected rise in interest rates in 2017, net interest income would be positively affected and, therefore, the recoverable amount of the CGU would increase.

Goodwill in business combinations 2016

There were no significant business combinations.

Goodwill in business combinations 2015

Catalunya Banc

As stated in Note 3, in the six month ended June 30, 2015 the Group acquired 98.4% of the share capital of the Catalunya Banc.

Shown below are details of the carrying amount of the consolidated assets and liabilities of Catalunya Banc prior to its acquisition and the corresponding fair values, gross of tax, which have been estimated in accordance with the IFRS-3 acquisition method.

 

     Millions of Euros  
              
              

Valuation and calculation of badwill for the acquisition of stake in

 

Catalunya Banc

  

Carrying  

 

Amount  

    Fair Value      
              
Acquisition cost (A)      -       1,165  
Cash on hand      616       616  
Financial assets held for trading      341       341  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss      -       -  
Available-for-sale financial assets      1,845       1,853  
Loans and receivables      37,509       36,766  
Held-to-maturity investments (*)      -       -  
Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedge of interest rate risk      23       23  
Derivatives – Hedge accounting      845       845  
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale      274       193  
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates      209       293  
Tangible assets      908       626  
Intangible assets      7       129  
Other assets      581       498  
Financial Liabilities Held for Trading      (332     (332
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss      -       -  
Financial liabilities at Amortized Cost      (41,271     (41,501
Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedge of interest rate risk      (490     (490
Derivatives – Hedge accounting      (535     (535
Provisions      (1,248     (1,667
Other liabilities      (84     (84
Deferred tax      3,312       3,630  
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquiered (B)      -       1,205  
Non controlling Interest Catanlunya Banc Group (**) (C)      2       2  
Non controlling Interest after purchase (D)      -       12  
Badwill (A)-(B)+(C )+(D)      -       (26

 

  (*)

After the purchase, it has been reclassified under the heading “Available-for-sale financial assets”

 

  (**)

It corresponds to non-controlling interests that Catalunya Banc held, prior to integration in the BBVA Group

Because the resulting goodwill was negative, the net fair value of identifiable assets acquired and lesser liabilities assumed was initially estimated as of June 30, 2015 in an amount of 22 million euros but subsequently the calculation was modified to 26 million euros a gain was recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statement for 2015 under the heading “Badwill” (see Note 2.2.7).

 

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The calculation of this amount was subject to change, since the estimate of all the fair values has been reviewed and, according to IFRS-3, they may be modified during a period of one year from the acquisition date (April 2015). After the deadline, there are not ben significant changes in that amount recorded in the year 2015.

Garanti Bank

As stated in Note 3, in the year ended December 31, 2015 the Group acquired 14.89% of the share capital of the Garanti Bank.

Shown below are details of the carrying amount of the consolidated assets and liabilities of Garanti Bank prior to its acquisition and the corresponding fair values, gross of tax, which have been estimated in accordance with the IFRS-3 acquisition method.

 

     Millions of Euros  
Valuation and calculation of goodwill in Garanti Bank   

 

Carrying    

 

Amount    

 

    Fair Value      
Acquisition cost (A)          5,044  
Cash on hand      8,915       8,915  
Financial assets held for trading      419       419  
Available-for-sale financial assets      14,618       14,773  
Loans and receivables      58,495       58,054  
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale          (2
Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates      14       21  
Hedging Derivatives      785       1,399  
Non-current assets held for sale      11       1,188  
Other assets      3,715       3,652  
Financial liabilities at Amortized Cost      (70,920     (70,926
Provisions      (394     (697
Other liabilities      (6,418     (6,418
Deferred tax      263       182  
Total fair value of assets and liabilities acquiered (B)          10,560  
Non controlling Interest Garanti Group (C)      5,669       5,669  
Non controlling Interest after purchase (D)          635  
Goodwill (A)-(B)+(C )+(D)          788  

In accordance with the acquisition method, which implies to account at fair value the assets acquired and liabilities of Garanti Bank along with the intangible assets identifies, as well as the cash payment carried out by the Group related to the transaction generates goodwill.

As of December 31, 2016, the calculation of goodwill, compared to the previous year, according to IFRS-3, they may be modified during a period of one year from the acquisition date. Subsequent to the abovementioned date, the Group has finalized said process without significant changes. Among the adjustments to this calculation, Garanti’s brand has been reclassified as an intangible asset with a definite useful life, with its subsequent amortization under “Amortization-Other intangible assets” in the consolidated income statement.

The main significant hypotheses used in the impairment test of this mentioned CGU are:

 

 

Impairment test hypotheses

 

CGU Goodwill in Turkey

 

           2016                    2015        

Discount rate

   17.7%    14.8%

Sustainable growth rate

   7.0%    7.0%

The assumptions with a greater relative weight and whose volatility could affect more in determining the present value of the cash flows starting on the fifth year are the discount rate and the growth rate. Below is shown the increased (or decreased) amount of the recoverable amount as a result of a reasonable variation (in basic points) of each of the key assumptions:

 

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     Millions of Euros
Sensitivity analysis for main hypotheses   

Impact of an increase of 50  

 

basis points (*)  

 

Impact of a decrease of 50  

 

basis points (*)  

Discount rate

   (172)   189

Sustainable growth rate

   123   (112)

 

18.2

Other intangible assets

The breakdown of the balance and changes of this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, according to the nature of the related items, is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Other intangible assets

 

         2016                  2015                  2014        
Computer software acquisition expenses      1,877        1,875        1,517  
Other intangible assets with a infinite useful life      12        26        22  
Other intangible assets with a definite useful life      960        1,235        134  
Total      2,849        3,137        1,673  

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Other Intangible Assets. Changes Over the Period

 

   Notes            2016                 2015                 2014        
Balance at the beginning         3,137       1,673       1,690  

Acquisition of subsidiaries in the year

        -       1,452       -  

Additions

        645       571       467  

Amortization in the year

     45        (735     (631     (535

Exchange differences and other

        (196     76       59  

Impairment

     48        (3     (4     (8
Balance at the end         2,849       3,137       1,673  

As of December 31, 2016, the balance of fully amortized intangible assets that remained in use was 1,501 million, while their recoverable value was not significant.

 

19.

Tax assets and liabilities

 

19.1

Consolidated tax group

Pursuant to current legislation, the BBVA Consolidated Tax Group includes the Bank (as the parent company) and its Spanish subsidiaries that meet the requirements provided for under Spanish legislation regulating the taxation regime for the consolidated profit of corporate groups.

The Group’s non-Spanish other banks and subsidiaries file tax returns in accordance with the tax legislation in force in each country.

 

19.2

Years open for review by the tax authorities

The years open to review in the BBVA Consolidated Tax Group as of December 31, 2016 are 2010 and subsequent years for the main taxes applicable.

The remainders of the Spanish consolidated entities in general have the last four years open for inspection by the tax authorities for the main taxes applicable, except for those in which there has been an interruption of the limitation period due to the start of an inspection.

In the year 2014 as a consequence of the tax authorities examination reviews, inspections were initiated until the year 2009 inclusive, all of them signed in acceptance during the year 2014.

 

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In view of the varying interpretations that can be made of some applicable tax legislation, the outcome of the tax inspections of the open years that could be conducted by the tax authorities in the future could give rise to contingent tax liabilities which cannot be reasonably estimated at the present time. However, the Group considers that the possibility of these contingent liabilities becoming actual liabilities is remote and, in any case, the tax charge which might arise therefore would not materially affect the Group’s accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

19.3

Reconciliation

The reconciliation of the Group’s corporate income tax expense resulting from the application of the Spanish corporation income tax rate and the income tax expense recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                                           
    

2016

 

    

2015

 

    

2014

 

 

Reconciliation of Taxation at the Spanish Corporation Tax

 

Rate to the Tax Expense Recorded for the Period

   Amount         

Effective Tax

 

%

     Amount         

Effective Tax

 

%

     Amount         

Effective Tax

 

%

 
Profit or (-) loss before tax      6,392           4,603           3,980     

From continuing operations

     6,392           4,603           3,980     

From discontinued operations

                 

Taxation at Spanish corporation tax rate 30%

     1,918           1,381           1,194     

Lower effective tax rate from foreign entities (*)

     (298)           (221)           (318)     

Mexico

     (105)        26%        (149)        25%        (145)        24%  

Chile

     (27)        17%        (28)        18%        (71)        -8%  

Venezuela

     22        36%        2        30%        2        30%  

Colombia

     (18)        26%        (13)        28%        (12)        28%  

Peru

     (176)        21%        -        -        -        -  

Others

     6           (33)           (92)     

Revenues with lower tax rate (dividends)

     (69)           (65)           (88)     

Equity accounted earnings

     (11)           (74)           (147)     

Other effects

     159           253           257     
Current income tax      1,699           1,274           898     
Of which:                  

Continuing operations

     1,699           1,274           898     

Discontinued operations

     -           -           -     

 

  (*)

Calculated by applying the difference between the tax rate in force in Spain and the one applied to the Group’s earnings in each jurisdiction.

The effective income tax rate for the Group in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  

 

Effective Tax Rate

 

       2016               2015               2014        
Income from:       

Consolidated Tax Group

     (483     (1,426     (997

Other Spanish Entities

     52       107       18  

Foreign Entities

     6,823       5,922       4,959  
Total      6,392       4,603       3,980  

Income tax and other taxes

     1,699       1,274       898  
Effective Tax Rate      26.58%       27.68%       22.56%  

 

19.4

Income tax recognized in equity

In addition to the income tax expense recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statements, the Group has recognized the following income tax charges for these items in the consolidated total equity:

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Tax recognized in total equity

 

       2016                  2015                  2014          
Charges to total equity         

Debt securities

     (533)        (593)        (953)  

Equity instruments

     (2)        113        (188)  
Subtotal      (535)        (480)        (1,141)  
Total      (535)        (480)        (1,141)  

 

19.5

Deferred taxes

The balance under the heading “Tax assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes deferred tax assets. The balance under the “Tax liabilities” heading includes to the Group’s various deferred tax liabilities. The details of the most important tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Tax assets and liabilities

 

       2016                  2015                  2014          
Tax assets-         
Current tax assets      1,853        1,901        2,035  
Deferred tax assets      16,391        15,878        10,391  

Pensions

     1,190        1,022        902  

Financial Instruments

     1,371        1,474        920  

Other assets (investments in subsidiaries)

     662        554        535  

Impairment losses

     1,390        1,346        1,041  

Other

     1,236        981        905  

Secured tax assets (*)

     9,431        9,536        4,881  

Tax losses

     1,111        965        1,207  
Total      18,245        17,779        12,426  
Tax Liabilities-      -        
Current tax liabilities      1,276        1,238        980  
Deferred tax liabilities      3,392        3,415        3,177  

Financial Instruments

     1,794        1,907        2,096  

Charge for income tax and other taxes

     1,598        1,508        1,081  
Total      4,668        4,653        4,157  

 

  (*)

Laws guaranteeing the deferred tax assets have been approved in Spain and Portugal in 2013 and 2014.

The most significant variations in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 derived from the followings concepts:

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 
     2016      2015      2014  
Guaranteed tax assets and liabilities   

Deferred

 

Assets

    

Deferred

 

Liabilities

    

Deferred

 

Assets

    

Deferred

 

Liabilities

    

Deferred

 

Assets

    

Deferred

 

Liabilities

 
Balance at the beginning      15,878        3,418        10,391        3,177        9,202        1,537  
Pensions      168        -        120        -        152        -  
Financials Instruments      (103)        (113)        554        (189)        (218)        1,171  
Other assets      108        -        19        -        79        -  
Impairment losses      44        -        305        -        251        -  
Others      255        -        76        -        393        -  
Guaranteed Tax assets (*)      (105)        -        4,655        -        508        -  
Tax Losses      146        -        (242)        -        24        -  
Charge for income tax and other taxes      -        87        -        430        -        469  
Balance at the end      16,391        3,392        15,878        3,418        10,391        3,177  

 

  (*)

Acquisition of Catalunya Banc S.A in 2015.

With respect to the changes in assets and liabilities due to deferred tax contained in the above table, the following should be pointed out:

- The decrease in guaranteed tax assets is mainly due to the corporate income tax return finally presented for the year 2015 that has generated some differences with respect to the estimation of the corporate income tax booked in the annual accounts for that year.

- The increase in assets due to deferred tax other than guaranteed tax is due to the generation of a higher amount as a consequence of the restrictions to the deduction of some items provided in the tax code in force.

- The increase in tax losses is mainly due to the offset in the corporate income tax return finally presented for the year 2015 of an amount of negative tax bases and deductions lower than estimated in the consolidated annual accounts for that year and, on the other hand, to the generation in 2016 of negative tax bases and deductions.

On the assets and liabilities due to deferred tax contained in the above table, those included in section 19.4 above have been recognized against the entity’s equity, and the rest against earnings for the year.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the estimated amount of temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, which were not recognized deferred tax liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets taxes, amounted to 874, 656 and 497 million euros respectively.

Of the deferred tax assets contained in the above table, the detail of the items and amounts guaranteed by the Spanish and Portuguese governments, broken down by the items that originated those assets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Secured tax assets

 

       2016                  2015                  2014          
Pensions      1,901        1,904        1,741  
Impairment losses      7,530        7,632        3,140  
Total      9,431        9,536        4,881  

As of December 31, 2016, non-guaranteed net deferred tax assets of the above table amounted to 3,568 million (2,924 and 2,333 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014), which broken down by major geographies is as follows:

 

·  

Spain: Net deferred tax assets recognized in Spain totaled 2,007 million as of December 31, 2016 (1,437 million and 1,383 as of December 31, 2015 and 2014). 1,088 million of the figure recorded in the year ended December 31, 2016 for net deferred tax assets related to tax credits and tax loss carry forwards and 919 million relate to temporary differences.

 

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·  

Mexico: Net deferred tax assets recognized in Mexico amounted to 698 million as of December 31, 2016 (608 and 399 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014). 99.96% of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2016 relate to temporary differences. The remainders are tax credits carry forwards.

 

·  

South America: Net deferred tax assets recognized in South America amounted to 362 million as of December 31, 2016 (330 and 364 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014). All the deferred tax assets relate to temporary differences.

 

·  

The United States: Net deferred tax assets recognized in The United States amounted to 345 million as of December 31, 2016 (300 and 160 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014). All the deferred tax assets relate to temporary differences.

 

·  

Turkey: Net deferred tax assets recognized in Turkey amounted to 135 million as of December 31, 2016 (217 million as of December 31, 2015). As of December 31, 2016, all the deferred tax assets correspond to 8 million of tax credits related to tax losses carry forwards and deductions and 127 million relate to temporary differences.

Based on the information available as of December 31, 2016, including historical levels of benefits and projected results available to the Group for the coming years, it is considered that sufficient taxable income will be generated for the recovery of above mentioned unsecured deferred tax assets when they become deductible according to the tax laws.

 

20.

Other assets and liabilities

The breakdown of the balance under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Other assets and liabilities.

 

Breakdown by nature

       2016                  2015                  2014          
                      
ASSETS-         
Inventories      3,298        4,303        4,443  

Real estate companies

     3,268        4,172        4,389  

Others

     29        131        54  
Transactions in progress      241        148        230  
Accruals      723        804        706  

Unaccrued prepaid expenses

     518        558        491  

Other prepayments and accrued income

     204        246        215  
Other items      3,012        3,311        2,715  
Total Assets      7,274        8,565        8,094  
LIABILITIES-         
Transactions in progress      127        52        77  
Accruals      2,721        2,609        2,370  

Unpaid accrued expenses

     2,125        2,009        1,772  

Other accrued expenses and deferred income

     596        600        598  
Other items      2,131        1,949        2,072  
Total Liabilities      4,979        4,610        4,519  

The heading “Inventories” includes the net book value of land and building purchases that the Group’s Real estate entities have available for sale or as part of their business. Balances under this heading include mainly real estate assets acquired by these entities from distressed customers (mostly in Spain), net of their corresponding losses. The impairment included under the heading “Impairment or reversal of impairment on non-financial assets” of the accompanying consolidated financial statements were 375, 209 and 192 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively (see Note 48).The roll-forward of our inventories from distressed customers is provided below:

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Inventories from Distressed Customers        2016                2015                2014        
                      
Gross value         

Balance at the beginning

     9,318        9,119        9,343  

Business combinations and disposals (*)

     -        580        -  

Acquisitions

     336        797        479  

Disposals

     (1,214)        (1,188)        (971)  

Others

     59        10        268  

Balance at the end

     8,499        9,318        9,119  

Accumulated impairment losses

     (5,385)        (5,291)        (4,898)  
Carrying amount      3,114        4,026        4,221  

 

  (*)

Mainly assets from Catalunya Banc acquisition in 2015.

 

21.

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

The composition of the balance under the heading “Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, broken down by the origin of the assets, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

Breakdown by items

       2016                2015                2014        
                      

Foreclosures and recoveries

     4,225        3,991        3,330  

Foreclosures

     4,057        3,775        3,144  

Recoveries from financial leases

     168        216        186  

Other assets from:

     1,181        706        315  

Property, plant and equipment

     378        431        272  

Operating leases (*)

     803        275        43  

Business sale-Assets

     40        37        924  

Accrued amortization (**)

     (116)        (80)        (74)  

Impairment losses

     (1,727)        (1,285)        (702)  
        
Total Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale      3,603        3,369        3,793  
        

 

  (*)

Includes Real Estate transferred from BBVA Propiedad.

  (**)

Net of accumulated amortization until reclassified as non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale.

The changes in the balances of “Non-current assets available for sale” in 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 

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    Millions of Euros  
                                     
          Foreclosed Assets                    

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as

held for sale Changes in the year 2016

  Notes    

Foreclosed

 

Assets through

 

Auction

 

Proceeding

   

Recovered

 

Assets from

 

Finance Leases

   

From Own Use

 

Assets

 

(*)

    Other assets       Total    
Cost (1)            
Balance at the beginning       3,775       216       626       37       4,654  

Additions

      582       57       23       -       662  

Contributions from merger transactions

      -       -       -       -       -  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (779)       (77)       (170)       3       (1,023)  

Transfers, other movements and exchange differences

      480       (28)       586       -       1,037  
Balance at the end       4,057       168       1,065       40       5,330  
Impairment (2)            
Balance at the beginning       994       52       240       -       1,285  

Additions

    50       129       3       5       -       136  

Contributions from merger transactions

      -       -       -       -       -  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (153)       (6)       (33)       -       (192)  

Other movements and exchange differences

      268       (2)       232       -       499  
Balance at the end       1,237       47       443       -       1,727  
Balance at the end of Net carrying value (1)-(2)       2,820       121       621       40       3,603  

 

  (*)

Net of accumulated amortization until reclassified as non-current assets held for sale

 

    Millions of Euros  
          Foreclosed Assets                    

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as

held for sale Changes in the year 2015

  Notes    

Foreclosed

 

Assets through

 

Auction

 

Proceeding

   

Recovered

 

Assets from

 

Finance Leases

   

From Own Use

 

Assets

 

(*)

    Other assets       Total    
Cost (1)            

Balance at the beginning

      3,144       186       241       924       4,495  

Additions

      801       94       79       -       974  

Contributions from merger transactions

      446       1       163       -       609  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (586)       (53)       (163)       (887)       (1,688)  

Transfers, other movements and exchange differences

      (30)       (13)       307       -       264  

Balance at the end

      3,775       216       626       37       4,654  
Impairment (2)            

Balance at the beginning

      578       53       70       -       702  

Additions

    50       208       11       66       -       285  

Contributions from merger transactions

      328       -       75       -       404  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (117)       (14)       (39)       -       (170)  

Other movements and exchange differences

      (4)       2       66       -       64  
Balance at the end       994       52       240       -       1,285  

Balance at the end of Net carrying value (1)-(2)

      2,781       164       387       37       3,369  

 

  (*)

Net of accumulated amortization until reclassified as non-current assets held for sale

  (**)

Business sale agreement (Note 3)

 

    Millions of Euros  
          Foreclosed Assets                    

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as

held for sale Changes in the year 2014

  Notes    

Foreclosed

 

Assets through

 

Auction

 

Proceeding

   

Recovered

 

Assets from

 

Finance Leases

   

From Own Use

 

Assets

 

(*)

    Other assets       Total    
Cost (1)            

Balance at the beginning

      2,914       186       253       92       3,445  

Additions

      783       50       82       -       916  

Contributions from merger transactions

      -       -       -       -       -  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (565)       (36)       (161)       -       (762)  

Transfers, other movements and exchange differences

      12       (14)       67       832       897  

Balance at the end

      3,144       187       241       924       4,495  
Impairment (2)            

Balance at the beginning

      420       45       99       -       565  

Additions

    50       391       12       4       -       406  

Contributions from merger transactions

      -       -       -       -       -  

Retirements (sales and other decreases)

      (140)       (7)       (51)       -       (198)  

Transfers, other movements and exchange differences

      (93)       3       19       -       (71)  
Balance at the end       578       53       71       -       702  

Balance at the end of Net carrying value (1)-(2)

      2,565       134       170       924       3,793  

 

  (*)

Net of accumulated amortization until reclassified as non-current assets held for sale

  (**)

Business sale agreement (Note 3)

 

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Assets from foreclosures or recoveries

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, assets from foreclosures and recoveries, net of impairment losses, by nature of the asset, amounted to 2,326, 2,415 and 2,330 million in assets for residential use; 574, 486 and 432 million in assets for tertiary use (industrial, commercial or office) and 41, 44 and 26 million in assets for agricultural use, respectively.

In December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the average sale time of assets from foreclosures or recoveries was between 2 and 3 years.

During the years 2016, 2015 and 2014, some of the sale transactions for these assets were financed by Group companies. The amount of loans to buyers of these assets in those years amounted to 219, 179 and 165 million, respectively; with an average financing of 78% of the sales price.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the amount of the profits arising from the sale of Group companies financed assets-and therefore not recognized in the consolidated income statement-amounted to 1, 18 and 22 million, respectively.

 

22.

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

The breakdown of the balance under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost        Notes              2016                2015                2014        
                             

Deposits

           

Deposits from Central Banks

     9        34,740        40,087        28,193  

Deposits from Credit Institutions

     22.1        63,501        68,543        65,168  

Customer deposits

     22.2        401,465        403,362        319,334  

Debt securities issued

     22.3        76,375        81,980        71,917  

Other financial liabilities

     22.4        13,129        12,141        7,288  
Total         589,210        606,113        491,899  

 

22.1

Deposits from credit institutions

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the consolidated balance sheets, according to the nature of the financial instruments, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Deposits from credit institutions        Notes              2016                2015                2014        
                             
Reciprocal accounts         165        160        218  
Deposits with agreed maturity         30,286        37,859        26,731  
Demand deposits         4,435        4,121        5,082  
Other accounts         35        149        51  
Repurchase agreements      35        28,421        26,069        32,935  
Subtotal         63,342        68,359        65,017  
Accrued interest until expiration         160        185        151  
Total         63,501        68,543        65,168  

 

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The breakdown by geographical area and the nature of the related instruments of this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  

Deposits from Credit Institutions

 

December 2016

  

  Demand Deposits  

 

& Reciprocal
Accounts

 

    

Deposits with

 

  Agreed Maturity  

 

    

Repurchase

 

  Agreements  

           Total        

Spain

     956        4,995        817        6,768  

Rest of Europe

     896        13,751        23,691        38,338  

Mexico

     306        426        2,931        3,663  

South America

     275        3,294        465        4,035  

The United States

     1,812        3,225        3        5,040  

Turkey

     317        1,140        5        1,463  

Rest of the world

     88        3,597        509        4,194  
Total      4,651        30,429        28,420        63,501  

 

     Millions of Euros  

Deposits from Credit Institutions

 

December 2015

  

  Demand Deposits  

 

& Reciprocal
Accounts

 

    

Deposits with

 

  Agreed Maturity  

 

    

Repurchase

 

  Agreements  

           Total        

Spain

     951        6,718        593        8,262  

Rest of Europe

     801        15,955        23,140        39,896  

Mexico

     54        673        916        1,643  

South America

     212        3,779        432        4,423  

The United States

     1,892        5,497        2        7,391  

Turkey

     355        1,423        8        1,786  

Rest of the world

     53        4,108        981        5,142  
Total      4,318        38,153        26,072        68,543  

 

     Millions of Euros  

Deposits from Credit Institutions

 

December 2014

  

  Demand Deposits  

 

& Reciprocal
Accounts

 

    

Deposits with

 

  Agreed Maturity  

 

    

Repurchase

 

  Agreements  

           Total        

Spain

     1,327        6,504        2,442        10,273  

Rest of Europe

     1,191        9,925        27,940        39,056  

Mexico

     125        1,066        1,875        3,065  

South America

     961        3,221        456        4,638  

The United States

     1,669        4,743        -        6,411  

Rest of the world

     33        1,461        231        1,725  
Total      5,306        26,920        32,944        65,168  

 

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22.2

Customer deposits

The breakdown of this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, by type of financial instrument, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Customer deposits     Notes             2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
General Governments         21,359        25,343        22,122  
Current accounts         123,401        112,273        96,414  
Savings accounts         88,835        82,975        65,555  
Time deposits         153,123        165,125        111,796  
Repurchase agreements      35          13,491        15,711        21,595  
Subordinated deposits         233        285        260  
Other accounts         329        812        677  
Accumulated other comprehensive income         694        839        915  
Total         401,465        403,362        319,334  

Of which:

           

In Euros

        189,438        203,053        162,844  

In foreign currency

        212,027        200,309        156,489  

Of which:

           

Deposits from other creditors without valuation adjustment

        400,742        402,689        318,657  

Accrued interests

        723        673        677  

The breakdown by geographical area of this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, by type of instrument is as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros  
                           
                           

Customer Deposits

 

December 2016

  Demand Deposits    

Deposits with  

 

Agreed Maturity  

    

Repurchase    

 

Agreements    

           Total        
                           

Spain

    102,730       56,391        1,901        161,022  

Rest of Europe

    6,959       19,683        4,306        30,949  

Mexico

    36,468       10,647        7,002        54,117  

The United States

    26,997       23,023        263        50,282  

Turkey

    47,340       14,971        -        62,311  

South America

    9,862       28,328        21        38,211  

Rest of the world

    1,190       3,382        -        4,572  
Total     231,547       156,425        13,493        401,465  
    Millions of Euros  
                           
                           

Customer Deposits

 

December 2015

  Demand Deposits    

Deposits with  

 

Agreed Maturity  

    

Repurchase    

 

Agreements    

           Total        
                           

Spain

    86,564       70,816        11,309        168,689  

Rest of Europe

    5,514       22,833        7,423        35,770  

Mexico

    36,907       10,320        4,195        51,422  

South America

    24,574       19,591        304        44,469  

The United States

    47,071       15,893        24        62,988  

Turkey

    9,277       26,744        15        36,036  

Rest of the world

    357       3,631        -        3,988  
Total     210,264       169,828        23,270        403,362  

 

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     Millions of Euros  
                           
                           

Customer Deposits

 

  December 2014

  

Demand

 

Deposits

   

Deposits

 

with Agreed

 

Maturity

   

Repurchase

 

Agreements

     Total          
                           

Spain

     43,732       90,206       9,783        143,721  

Rest of Europe

     2,267       7,884       8,036        18,187  

Mexico

     22,550       17,769       6,359        46,678  

South America

     23,118       34,680       441        58,239  

The United States

     19,020       31,881       1        50,902  

Rest of the world

     734       873       -        1,607  
Total      111,421       183,293       24,620        319,334  

 

22.3

Debt securities issued (including bonds and debentures)

The breakdown of the balance under this heading, by currency, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
Debt securities issued    2016            2015            2014        
                      
In Euros      45,619        51,449        49,659  
Promissory bills and notes      841        456        410  
Non-convertible bonds and debentures at floating interest rates      3,138        3,375        2,376  
Non-convertible bonds and debentures at fixed interest rates      5,284        6,389        8,555  
Mortgage Covered bonds      23,869        28,740        26,119  
Hybrid financial instruments      450        384        234  
Securitization bonds made by the Group      3,548        4,580        4,741  
Other securities      -        -        -  
Accrued interest and others (*)      1,518        1,425        1,865  
Subordinated liabilities      6,972        6,100        5,359  

Convertible

     4,000        3,000        1,500  

Convertible perpetual securities

     4,000        3,000        1,500  

Non-convertible

     2,852        3,040        3,778  

Preferred Stock

     359        357        1,033  

Other subordinated liabilities

     2,493        2,683        2,745  

Accrued interest and others (*)

     120        60        81  
In Foreign Currency      30,759        30,531        22,258  
Promissory bills and notes      377        192        660  
Non-convertible bonds and debentures at floating interest rates      1,044        1,240        588  
Non-convertible bonds and debentures at fixed interest rates      13,880        13,553        9,898  
Mortgage Covered bonds      147        146        117  
Hybrid financial instruments      2,030        2,392        1,945  
Other securities associated to financial activities      -        -        -  
Securitization bonds made by the Group      2,977        3,039        474  
Other securities      -        -        -  
Accrued interest and others (*)      288        254        114  
Subordinated liabilities      10,016        9,715        8,462  

Convertible

     1,487        1,439        1,235  

Convertible perpetual securities

     1,487        1,439        1,235  

Non-convertible

     8,134        7,818        6,833  

Preferred Stock

     629        616        876  

Other subordinated liabilities

     7,505        7,202        5,957  

Accrued interest and others (*)

     394        458        394  
Total      76,375        81,980        71,917  

 

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  (*)

Hedging operations and issuance costs

Most of the foreign currency issues are denominated in U.S. dollars.

 

22.3.1

Promissory notes and bills

Promissory notes were issued by BBVA Senior Finance, S.A.U. and BBVA US Senior, S.A.U. The promissory notes issued by BBVA Senior Finance, S.A.U. and BBVA US Senior, S.A.U., are guaranteed jointly, severally and irrevocably by the Bank.

 

22.3.2

Bonds and debentures issued

The senior debt issued by BBVA Senior Finance, S.A.U., BBVA U.S. Senior, S.A.U. and BBVA Global Finance, Ltd. are guaranteed jointly, severally and irrevocably by the Bank (included within “Non-convertible bonds and debentures at floating interest rates” and “Non-convertible bonds and debentures at fixed interest rates” in the table above).

 

22.3.3

Subordinated liabilities

Of the above, the issuances of BBVA International Preferred, S.A.U., BBVA Subordinated Capital, S.A.U., BBVA Global Finance, Ltd., Caixa Terrassa Societat de Participacions Preferents, S.A.U. and CaixaSabadell Preferents, S.A.U., are jointly, severally and irrevocably guaranteed by the Bank. The balance variances are mainly due to the following transactions:

Convertible perpetual securities

On April 8, 2016, BBVA carried out the fourth issuance of perpetual securities eventually convertible into new ordinary shares of BBVA, (additional tier I capital instruments) without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,000 million.

On February, 10 2015, BBVA carried out the third issuance of perpetual securities eventually convertible into new ordinary shares of BBVA, (additional tier I capital instruments) without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,500 million.

In 2014, BBVA carried out the second issuance of perpetual securities eventually convertible into new ordinary shares of BBVA, (additional tier I capital instruments) without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,500 million.

These securities were listed in the Global Exchange Market of the Irish Stock Exchange. This issuance was targeted only at qualified foreign investors and in any case would not be made or subscribed in Spain or by Spanish-resident investors.

These perpetual securities issued could be converted into new ordinary shares of BBVA if the common equity Tier 1 (CET 1) of the individual or consolidated Bank is below the 5.125%, among other assumptions.

These issues may be fully redeemed at BBVA’s election only in the cases contemplated in its terms and conditions, and in any case, in accordance with the provisions of the applicable legislation.

 

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Preferred securities

The breakdown by issuer of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros             
                      
                      
Preferred Securities by Issuer    2016            2015            2014        
                      
BBVA International Preferred, S.A.U. (*)      855        842        1,750  
Unnim Group (**)      100        109        109  
Compass Group      22        22        20  
BBVA Capital Finance, S.A.U.      -        -        25  
BBVA Colombia, S.A.      1        1        -  
BBVA International, Ltd.      -        -        7  
Total      979        974        1,910  

 

  (*)

Listed on the London and New York stock exchanges.

 

  (**)

Unnim Group: Issuances prior to the acquisition by BBVA.

These issues were fully subscribed at the moment of the issue by investors outside the Group and are redeemable at the issuer company’s option after five years from the issue date, depending on the terms of each issue and with prior consent from the Bank of Spain.

Amortization of preferred securities

On February, 27, 2015 BBVA Capital Finance, S.A.U., BBVA International Limited, Caixa de Manlleu Preferents, S.A.U., Caixa Terrassa Societat de Participacions Preferents, S.A.U. CaixaSabadell Preferents, S.A.U. carried out the early redemption of following issuances which amounted to 46 million, after having obtained all required authorizations.

On December 19, 2014 the amortization in full of preferred securities called “Issue of Series E Preferred Securities” and “Issue of Series F Preferred Securities” was announced. At their nominal amount of 633 million and 251 million pounds (approximately 323 million as of December 31, 2014) respectively. These issues were made by BBVA International Preferred, S.A. Unipersonal on October 19, 2009. On January 21, 2015, after obtaining the necessary authorizations, BBVA International Preferred, S.A. Unipersonal proceeded to its effective amortization.

Other subordinated liabilities

On February 27, 2015, BBVA announced the early redemption of some issuances that amounted to 36 million, after having obtained all required authorizations.

On September 23, 2014, BBVA announced the early expiration of the outstanding nominal amount of 633 million of the issue “Subordinated debt – October 04”. On October 20, 2014, after having obtained the necessary approvals, BBVA completed the expiration.

 

22.4

Other financial liabilities

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros       
                      
                      
Other financial liabilities      2016              2015              2014        
                      

Creditors for other financial liabilities

     3,465        3,303        1,692  

Collection accounts

     2,768        2,369        2,402  

Creditors for other payment obligations

     6,370        5,960        3,194  

Dividend payable but pending payment (Note 4)

     525        509        -  

Total

     13,129        12,141        7,288  

 

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23.

Liabilities under reinsurance and insurance contracts

The Group has insurance subsidiaries mainly in Spain and Latin America (mostly in Mexico). The main product offered by the insurance subsidiaries is life insurance to cover the risk of death (risk insurance) and life-savings insurance. Within life and accident insurance, a distinction is made between freely sold products and those offered to customers who have taken mortgage or consumer loans, which cover the principal of those loans in the event of the customer’s death.

There are two types of life-saving insurance products: individual insurance, which seeks to provide the customer with savings for retirement or other events, and group insurance, which is taken out by employers to cover their commitments to their employees.

The insurance business is affected by different risks, including those that are related to the BBVA Group such as credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk and operational risk and the methodology for risk measurement applied in the insurance activity is similar (see Note 7), although it has a differentiated management due to the particular characteristics of the insurance business, such as the coverage of contracted obligations and the long term of the commitments. Additionally, the insurance business generates certain specific risks, of a probabilistic nature:

 

  ·  

Technical risk: arises from deviations in the estimation of the casualty rate of insurances, either in terms of numbers, the amount of such claims and the timing of its occurrence.

 

  ·  

Biometric risk: depending on the deviations in the expected mortality behavior or the survival of the insured persons.

The insurance industry is highly regulated in each country. In this regard, it should be noted that the insurance industry is undergoing a gradual regulatory transformation through new capital regulations risk-based, which have already been published in several countries.

The most significant provisions recognized by consolidated insurance subsidiaries with respect to insurance policies issued by them are under the heading “Liabilities under “Insurance and reinsurance contracts” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The breakdown of the balance under this heading is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros                                             
                      
                      
Technical Reserves by type of insurance product    2016                2015                2014            
                      
Mathematical reserves      7,813        8,101        9,352  

Individual life insurance (1)

     4,791        4,294        5,683  

Savings

     3,943        3,756        5,073  

Risk

     848        526        610  

Others

     -        12        -  

Group insurance (2)

     3,022        3,807        3,669  

Savings

     2,801        3,345        3,207  

Risk

     221        462        462  

Others

     -        -        -  
Provision for unpaid claims reported      691        697        578  
Provisions for unexpired risks and other provisions      635        609        529  
Total      9,139        9,407        10,460  

 

  (1) 

Provides coverage in the event of death or disability.

 

  (2) 

The insurance policies purchased by employers (other than BBVA Group) on behalf of its employees.

The cash flows of those Liabilities under Reinsurance and reinsurance contracts are shown below:

 

            Millions of Euros         
                                    
                                    
Maturity    Up to 1 Year      1 to 3 Years      3 to 5 Years      Over 5 Years            Total        
                                    
Liabilities under Insurance and Reinsurance Contracts      1,705        1,214        1,482        4,738        9,139  

 

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The modeling methods and techniques used to calculate the mathematical reserves for the insurance products are actuarial and financial methods and modeling techniques approved by the respective country’s insurance regulator or supervisor. The most important insurance entities are located in Spain and Mexico (which together account for approximately 96% of the insurance revenues), where the modeling methods and techniques are reviewed by the insurance regulator in Spain (General Directorate of Insurance) and Mexico (National Insurance and Bonding Commission), respectively. The modeling methods and techniques used to calculate the mathematical reserves for the insurance products are based on IFRS and primarily involve the valuation of the estimated future cash flows, discounted at the technical interest rate for each policy. To ensure this technical interest rate, asset-liability management is carried out, acquiring a portfolio of securities that generate the cash flows needed to cover the payment commitments assumed with the customers.

The table below shows the key assumptions used in the calculation of the mathematical reserves for insurance products in Spain and Mexico, respectively:

 

                                                                                                                                   
Mathematical Reserves    Mortality table    Average technical interest type          
   Spain    Mexico    Spain    Mexico
Individual life insurance (1)    GKMF80/95%
PASEM Hombre
Own tables
   Tables of the
Comision Nacional De
Seguros y Fianzas
2000-individual
   1.15%-3.00%    2.5%
Group insurance(2)    PERMF2000/Own
tables
   Tables of the
Comision Nacional De
Seguros y Fianzas
2000-group
   1.37%-3.00%    5.5%

 

  (1) 

Provides coverage in the case of one or more of the following events: death and disability.

 

  (2) 

Insurance policies purchased by companies (other than Group BBVA entities) on behalf of their employees.

The heading “Assets under reinsurance and insurance contracts” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the amounts that the consolidated insurance entities are entitled to receive under the reinsurance contracts entered into by them with third parties and, more specifically, the share of the reinsurer in the technical provisions recognized by the consolidated insurance subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the balance is 447 million, 511 million and 559 million, respectively.

 

24.

Provisions

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, based on type of provisions, is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Provisions. Breakdown by concepts    Notes            2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
Pensions and other post employment defined benefit obligations      25        6,025        6,299        5,970  
Other long term employee benefits      25        69        68        62  
Pending legal issues and tax litigation         418        616        262  
Commitments and guarantees given         950        714        381  
Other provisions (*) (**)         1,609        1,155        769  
Total         9,071        8,852        7,444  

 

  (*) In the year 2016 this line item includes 577 million of provisions related to the invalidity of the clauses of limitation of interest rates in mortgage loans with consumers (the so-called “cláusulas suelo”), hereinafter discussed.

 

  (**) During the year 2015, provisions corresponding to different concepts and different geographies that are not individually significant individually, except originated of the Purchase Price Agreement of Catalunya Banc and Garanti Group (see Note 18.1).

 

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The change in provisions for pensions and similar obligations for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             

Provisions for Pensions and Similar Obligations.

 

Changes Over the Period

   Notes            2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
Balance at the beginning         6,299        5,970        5,512  

Add -

           

Charges to income for the year

        402        687        1,004  

Interest expenses and similar charges

     37.2        96        108        172  

Personnel expenses

     44.1        67        57        58  

Provision expenses

        239        522        774  

Charges to equity (*)

     25        339        135        497  

Transfers and other changes (**)

        66        440        75  

Less -

           

Benefit payments

     25        (926)        (925)        (854)  

Employer contributions

     25        (154)        (8)        (264)  
Balance at the end         6,025        6,299        5,970  

 

  (*)

Correspond to actuarial losses (gains) arising from certain defined-benefit post-employment pension commitments and other similar benefits recognized in “Equity” (see Note 2.2.12).

 

  (**)

In the year 2015 this line item correspond mainly to the incorporation of Garanti y Catalunya Banc (see Note 3).

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Provisions for Taxes, Legal Contingents and Other Provisions.

 

Changes Over the Period

         2016                  2015                  2014        
                      
Balance at beginning      1,771        1,031        933  

Add -

        -     

Charge to income for the year

     1,109        334        387  

Acquisition of subsidiaries (*)

     -        1,256        -  

Transfers and other changes

     -        -        -  

Less -

        -     

Available funds

     (311)        (205)        (75)  

Amount used and other variations

     (540)        (645)        (214)  

Disposal of subsidiaries

     -        -        -  
Balance at the end      2,028        1,771        1,031  

 

  (*)

In the year 2015 this line item mainly includes the incorporation of Garanti y Catalunya Banc in year 2015 (see Note 3).

Ongoing legal proceedings and litigation

Different entities of the BBVA Group are frequently party to legal actions in a number of jurisdictions (including, among others, Spain, Mexico and the United State) arising in the ordinary course of business. According to the procedural status of these proceedings and the criteria of the legal counsel, BBVA considers that, except for the proceeding mentioned below, none of such actions is material, individually or as a whole, and with no significant impact on the operating results, liquidity or financial situation at a consolidated or individual level of the Bank. The Group’s Management believes that the provisions made in respect of such legal proceedings are adequate.

Regarding the consequences of the invalidity of the clauses of limitation of interest rates in mortgage loans with consumers (the so-called “cláusulas suelo”) the legal situation is as follows:

 

   

The Spanish Supreme Court, in a judgment dated May 9, 2013, rendered on a collective claim against BBVA among others, and that is definitive, resolved unanimously that those clauses should be deemed as invalid if they did not comply with certain requirements of material transparency set forth in the referred judgment. In addition, that judgment determined that there were no grounds for the refund of the amounts collected pursuant to those clauses before May 9, 2013.

 

   

As communicated to the market by means of Relevant Event dated June 12, 2013, BBVA ceased to apply, in execution of that judgment, as from May 9, 2013, the “cláusula suelo” in all mortgage loan agreements with consumers in which it had been included.

 

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In an individual claim, the Provincial Court of Alicante raised a preliminary ruling to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), for the CJEU to determine if the time limitation for the refund of the amounts set forth by the Supreme Court complies with Directive 93/13/EEC. On July 13, the opinion of the Advocate-General of the CJEU was published and in its conclusions it stated that the European directive did not oppose to a Member State’s Supreme Court limiting, due to exceptional circumstances, the restorative effects of the invalidity to the date on which its first judgment in this regard was issued.

Last December 21, the CJEU published its sentence that decided the preliminary ruling raised by the Provincial Court of Alicante and other national judicial bodies, in the sense that the Supreme Court’s case law that limited in time the restorative effects related to the unfair declaration of a clause included in an agreement between a consumer and a professional is contrary to Article 6.1 of Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts.

After the mentioned CJEU’s decision, BBVA has made, once analyzed the portfolio of mortgage loans to consumers, in which the “cláusulas suelo” have applied, a provision of 577 million (with an impact on the attributed profit of approximately 404 million, as communicated to the market in the Relevant Event dated December 21, 2016), to cover future claims that could be filed.

 

25.

Post-employment and other employee benefit commitments

As stated in Note 2.2.12, the Group has assumed commitments with employees including short-term employee benefits, defined contribution and defined benefit plans (see Note 44.1), healthcare and other long-term employee benefits.

The Group sponsors defined-contribution plans for the majority of its active employees with the plans in Spain and Mexico being the most significant. Most defined benefit plans are closed to new employees and with liabilities relating largely to retired employees, the most significant being those in Spain, Mexico, the United States and Turkey. In Mexico, the Group provides medical benefits to a closed group of employees and their family members, both active service and in retirement.

The breakdown of the balance sheet net defined benefit liability as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is provided below:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Net Defined Benefit Liability (asset) on the Balance Sheet          2016                  2015                  2014        
                      
Pension commitments      5,277        5,306        4,737  
Early retirement commitments      2,559        2,855        2,803  
Medical benefits commitments      1,015        1,023        1,083  
Other long term employee benefits      69        68        62  
Total commitments      8,920        9,252        8,685  
Pension plan assets      1,909        1,974        1,697  
Medical benefit plan assets      1,113        1,149        1,240  
Total plan assets (*)      3,022        3,124        2,937  
Total net liability / asset on the balance sheet      5,898        6,128        5,748  

Of which:

        

Net asset on the balance sheet (**)

     (194)        (238)        (285)  

Net liability on the balance sheet for provisions for pensions and similar obligations (***)

     6,025        6,299        5,970  

Net liability on the balance sheet for other long term employee benefits (****)

     69        68        62  

 

  (*)

In Turkey, the foundation responsible for managing the benefit commitments holds an additional asset of 257 million which, in accordance with IFRS regarding the asset ceiling, has not been recognized in the accounts, because although it could be used to reduce future pension contributions it could not be immediately refunded to the employer.

 

  (**)

Recorded under the heading “Other Assets - Other” of the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 20).

 

  (***)

Recorded under the heading “Provisions - Provisions for pensions and similar obligations” of the consolidated balance sheet (see Note 24).

 

  (****)

Recorded under the heading “Provisions – Other long-term employee benefits” of the consolidated balance sheet.

 

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The amounts relating to benefit commitments charged to consolidated income statement for the years 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Consolidated Income Statement Impact    Notes            2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
Interest and similar expenses      37.2        96        108        172  
Interest expense         303        309        336  
Interest income         (207)        (201)        (165)  
Personnel expenses         154        141        121  
Defined contribution plan expense      44.1        87        84        63  
Defined benefit plan expense      44.1        67        57        58  
Provisions (net)      46        332        592        816  
Early retirement expense         236        502        681  
Past service cost expense         (2)        26        (29)  
Remeasurements (*)         3        20        93  
Other provision expenses         95        44        71  
Total impact on Consolidated Income Statement: Debit (Credit)         582        841        1,109  

 

  (*) Actuarial losses (gains) on remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability relating to early retirements in Spain and other long-term employee benefits (see Note 2.2.12).

The amounts relating to post-employment benefits charged to the balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Equity Impact    Notes            2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
Defined benefit plans         237        128        353  
Post-employment medical benefits         119        7        144  
Total impact on equity: Debit (Credit) (*)      2.2.12        356        135        497  

 

  (*) Actuarial gains (losses) on remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability relating to pension and medical commitments before income taxes.

 

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25.1

Defined benefit plans

Defined benefit commitments relate mainly to employees who have already retired or taken early retirement, certain closed groups of active employees still accruing defined benefit pensions, and in-service death and disability benefits provided to most active employees. For the latter the Group pays the required premiums to fully insure the related liability. The change in these pension commitments during the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is presented below.

 

                          Millions of Euros                       
            

 

2016

 

                    

 

2015

 

                    

 

2014

 

         
Defined Benefits   

Defined

 

Benefit

 

Obligation

 

     Plan Assets     

Net Liability

 

(asset)

    

Defined

 

Benefit

 

Obligation

 

     Plan Assets     

Net Liability

 

(asset)

    

Defined

 

Benefit

 

Obligation

 

     Plan Assets     

Net Liability

 

(asset)

 
Balance at the beginning      9,184        3,124        6,060        8,622        2,937        5,685        7,714        2,375        5,337  
Current service cost      67        -        67        57        -        57        58        -        58  
Interest income or expense      299        207        92        309        201        108        336        165        172  
Contributions by plan participants      5        5        -        2        2        -        1        1        -  
Employer contributions      -        154        (154)        -        8        (8)        -        264        (264)  
Past service costs (1)      235        -        235        530        -        530        652        -        652  
Remeasurements:      354        (5)        359        42        (113)        155        769        178        590  

Return on plan assets (2)

     -        (20)        20        -        (106)        106        -        178        (178)  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     107        -        107        8        -        8        31        -        31  

From changes in financial assumptions

     106        -        106        (53)        -        (53)        724        -        724  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     141        15        125        88        (7)        94        13        -        13  
Benefit payments      (1,052)        (169)        (883)        (1,086)        (146)        (940)        (984)        (130)        (854)  
Settlement payments      (43)        -        (43)        (2)        (17)        15        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      -        -        -        795        321        474        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      (282)        (293)        11        (136)        (98)        (38)        43        53        (10)  
Other effects      84        -        84        50        28        22        33        31        3  
Balance at the end      8,851        3,022        5,829        9,184        3,124        6,060        8,622        2,937        5,685  

Of which

                          

Spain

     6,157        358        5,799        6,491        380        6,111        6,212        382        5,830  

Mexico

     1,456        1,627        (171)        1,527        1,745        (219)        1,643        1,908        (266)  

The United States

     385        339        46        362        329        33        362        324        38  

Turkey

     447        348        99        435        337        98           

 

  (1) 

Including gains and losses arising from settlements.

 

  (2) 

Excluding interest, which is recorded under “Interest income or expense”.

The balance under the heading “Provisions - Pensions and other post-employment defined benefit obligations” of the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016 includes 355 million relating to post-employment benefit commitments to former members of the Board of Directors and the Bank’s Management.

The most significant commitments are those in Spain and Mexico and, to a lesser extent, in the United States and Turkey. The remaining commitments are located mostly in Portugal and South America. Unless otherwise required by local regulation, all defined benefit plans have been closed to new entrants, who instead are able to participate in the Group’s defined contribution plans. Both the costs and the present value of the commitments are determined by independent qualified actuaries using the “projected unit credit” method.

In order to guarantee the good governance of these plans, the Group has established specific benefits committees. These benefit committees include members from the different areas of the business to ensure that all decisions are made taking into consideration all of the associated impacts. Both the costs and the present value of the commitments are determined by independent qualified actuaries using the “projected unit credit” method.

The following table sets out the key actuarial assumptions used in the valuation of these commitments:

 

           2016                      2015                        2014      
Actuarial Assumptions    Spain    Mexico    USA    Turkey    Spain    Mexico    USA    Turkey      Spain    Mexico    USA
Discount rate    1.50%    9.95%    4.04%    11.50%    2.00%    9.30%    4.30%      10.30%      2.25%    8.75%    3.97%
Rate of salary increase    1.50%    4.75%    3.00%    9.30%    2.00%    4.75%    3.00%      8.60%      2.00%    4.75%    3.25%
Rate of pension increase    -      2.13%    -      7.80%       2.13%         7.10%         2.13%    2.25%
Medical cost trend rate    -      6.75%    -      10.92%       6.75%         9.94%         6.75%    8.00%
Mortality tables    PERM/F
2000P
   EMSSA97
(adjustment
EMSSA09)
   RP 2014    CSO2001    PERM/F
2000P
   EMSSA 97    RP 2014      CSO2001      PERM/F
2000P
   EMSSA 97    RP 2014

Discount rates used to value future benefit cash flows have been determined by reference to high quality corporate bonds (Note 2.2.12) in Euro in the case of Spain, Mexican peso for Mexico and USD for the United States), and government bonds in new Turkish Lira for Turkey.

The expected return on plan assets has been set in line with the adopted discount rate.

 

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Assumed retirement ages have been set by reference to the earliest age at which employees are entitled to retire, the contractually agreed age in the case of early retirements in Spain or by using retirement rates.

Changes in the main actuarial assumptions may affect the valuation of the commitments. The table below shows the sensitivity of the benefit obligations to changes in the key assumptions:

 

          Millions of Euros  
                               
Sensitivity Analysis  

 

Basis points    

 

change    

 

    2016     2015  
   

 

Increase  

 

   

 

Decrease  

 

   

 

Increase  

 

   

 

Decrease  

 

 
Discount rate     50       (367)       401       (357)       391  
Rate of salary increase     50       9       (9)       9       (9)  
Rate of pension increase     50       28       (27)       23       (22)  
Medical cost trend rate     100       263       (204)       213       (169)  
Change in obligation from each additional year of longevity     -       121       -       130       -  

The sensitivities provided above have been determined at the date of these consolidated financial statements, and reflect solely the impact of changing one individual assumption at a time, keeping the rest of the assumptions unchanged, thereby excluding the effects which may result from combined assumption changes.

In addition to the commitments to employees shown above, the Group has other less material long-term employee benefits. These include long-service awards, which consist of either an established monetary award or some vacation days granted to certain groups of employees when they complete a given number of years of service. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the actuarial liabilities for the outstanding awards amounted to 69 million, 68 million and 62 million, respectively. These commitments are recorded under the heading “Provisions - Other long-term employee benefits” of the accompanying consolidated balance sheet (see Note 24).

As described above, the Group maintains both pension and medical post-employment benefit commitments with their employees.

Post-employment commitments and similar obligations

These pension commitments relate mostly to pensions where the employees are already receiving payment, and which have been determined based on salary and years of service in accordance with the specific plan rules. For most plans pension payments are due on retirement, death and long term disability.

In addition, during the year 2016, Group entities in Spain offered certain employees the option to take early retirement (that is, earlier than the age stipulated in the collective labor agreement in force). This offer was accepted by 613 (1,817 and 1,706 during years 2015 and 2014, respectively). These commitments include both the compensation and indemnities due as well as the contributions payable to external pension funds during the early retirement period. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the value of these commitments amounted to 2,559 million, 2,855 million and 2,803 respectively.

 

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The change in the benefit plan obligations and plan assets as of December 31, 2016 was as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                                    
    

 

 

Defined Benefit Obligation

 

 
Post-employment commitments 2016          Spain                  Mexico                  USA                  Turkey           

      Rest of the      

 

world  

 
Balance at the beginning      6,489        517        364        435        357  
Current service cost      10        6        4        22        5  
Interest income or expense      105        42        14        41        11  
Contributions by plan participants      -        -        -        4        1  
Employer contributions      -        -        -        -        -  
Past service costs (1)      240        1        -        4        (4)  
Remeasurements:      223        -        7        31        34  

Return on plan assets (2)

     -        -        -        -        -  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     -        2        (5)        -        (1)  

From changes in financial assumptions

     192        (22)        13        (23)        37  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     31        19        (1)        54        (2)  
Benefit payments      (931)        (41)        (16)        (21)        (11)  
Settlement payments      (43)        -        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      -        -        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      -        (70)        13        (69)        (18)  
Other effects      63        -        (2)        -        19  
Balance at the end      6,157        455        385        447        392  

Of which:

              

Vested benefit obligation relating to current employees

     161              

Vested benefit obligation relating to retired employees

     5,996              
     Millions of Euros  
                                    
    

 

 

Plan Assets

 

 
Post-employment commitments 2016    Spain        Mexico        USA        Turkey       

Rest of the  

 

world  

 
Balance at the beginning      380        596        329        337        333  
Current service cost      -        -        -        -        -  
Interest income or expense      7        49        13        33        9  
Contributions by plan participants      -        -        -        4        1  
Employer contributions      -        14        1        17        9  
Past service costs (1)      -        -        -        -        -  
Remeasurements:      35        (23)        (3)        23        23  

Return on plan assets (2)

     35        (23)        (3)        23        23  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     -        -        -        -        -  

From changes in financial assumptions

     -        -        -        -        -  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     -        -        -        -        -  
Benefit payments      (64)        (40)        (13)        (12)        (9)  
Settlement payments      -        -        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      -        -        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      -        (81)        11        (54)        (14)  
Other effects      -        -        1        -        (1)  
Balance at the end      358        514        339        348        350  
    

Millions of Euros

 

 
    

 

 

Net Liability (Asset)

 

 
Post-employment commitments 2016    Spain        Mexico        USA        Turkey       

Rest of the  

 

world  

 
Balance at the beginning      6,109        (79)        35        97        24  
Current service cost      10        6        4        22        5  
Interest income or expense      98        (7)        1        8        2  
Contributions by plan participants      -        -        -        -        0  
Employer contributions      -        (14)        (1)        (17)        (9)  
Past service costs (1)      240        1        -        4        (4)  
Remeasurements:      188        23        10        8        11  

Return on plan assets (2)

     (35)        23        3        (23)        (23)  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     -        2        (5)        -        (1)  

From changes in financial assumptions

     192        (22)        13        (23)        37  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     31        19        (1)        54        (2)  
Benefit payments      (867)        -        (3)        (9)        (2)  
Settlement payments      (43)        -        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      -        -        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      -        10        2        (15)        (4)  
Other effects      63        -        (3)        -        20  
Balance at the end      5,799        (59)        46        99        42  

 

  (1) 

Including gains and losses arising from settlements.

 

  (2) 

Excluding interest, which is recorded under “Interest income or expense”.

 

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The change in net liabilities (assets) during the years ended 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
     2015: Net liability (asset)      2014: Net liability (asset)  
Post-employment commitments    Spain          Mexico          USA          Turkey         

Rest of the    

 

world    

     Spain          Mexico          USA         

Rest of the    

 

world    

 
Balance at the beginning      5,830        (94)        38        -        69        5,395        (38)        32        76  
Current service cost      9        8        3        2        4        18        7        5        6  
Interest income or expense      123        (10)        1        4        3        169        (3)        2        17  
Contributions by plan participants      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -  
Employer contributions      -        (1)        -        -        (7)        -        (72)        (2)        (7)  
Past service costs (1)      550        (15)        -        2        -        683        -        (20)        (12)  
Remeasurements:      112        29        (9)        10        7        394        12        19        20  

Return on plan assets (2)

     -        50        19        (54)        (3)        -        (27)        (47)        (59)  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     -        -        (7)        15        -        -        1        31        -  

From changes in financial assumptions

     101        (23)        (18)        (25)        3        398        38        39        69  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     11        2        (3)        74        7        (4)        -        (3)        10  
Benefit payments      (913)        -        (20)        (4)        (3)        (847)        -        (3)        (4)  
Settlement payments      -        -        17        -        -        -        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      378        -        -        96        -        -        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      1        5        4        (11)        (45)        1        -        6        (16)  
Other effects      23        1        (1)        -        (1)        17        -        (1)        (13)  
Balance at the end      6,111        (78)        33        98        23        5,830        (82)        38        89  
Of which      -        -        -        -        -              

Vested benefit obligation relating to current employees

     172                    221           

Vested benefit obligation relating to retired employees

     5,939                    5,609           

 

  (1) 

Includes gains and losses from settlements.

 

  (2) 

Excludes interest which is reflected in the line item “Interest income and expenses”.

In Spain, local regulation requires that pension and death benefit commitments must be funded, either through the assets held for a qualified pension plan or an insurance contract.

In the Spanish entities these commitments are covered by insurance contracts which meet the requirements of the accounting standard regarding the non-recoverability of contributions. However, a significant number of the insurance contracts are with BBVA Seguros, S.A. and CatalunyaCaixa Vida –consolidated subsidiaries and related parties – and consequently these policies cannot be considered plan assets under IAS 19. For this reason, the liabilities insured under these policies are fully recognized under the heading “Provisions – Pensions and other post-employment defined benefit obligations” of the accompanying consolidated balance sheet (see Note 24), while the related assets held by the insurance company are included within the Group’s consolidated assets (registered according to the classification of the corresponding financial instruments). As of December 31, 2016 the value of these separate assets was 2,983 million, representing direct rights of the insured employees held in the consolidated balance sheet, hence these benefits are effectively fully funded,

On the other hand, some pension commitments have been funded through insurance contracts with insurance companies not related to the Group, and can therefore be considered qualifying insurance policies and plan assets under IAS 19. In this case the accompanying consolidated balance sheet reflects the value of the obligations net of the fair value of the qualifying insurance policies. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the fair value of the aforementioned insurance policies (358 million, 380 million and 382 million, respectively) exactly match the value of the corresponding obligations and therefore no amount for this item has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Pensions benefits are paid by the insurance companies with whom BBVA has insurance contracts and to whom all insurance premiums have been paid. The premiums are determined by the insurance companies using “cash flow matching” techniques to ensure that benefits can be met when due, guaranteeing both the actuarial and interest rate risk.

In Mexico, there is a defined benefit plan for employees hired prior to 2001. Other employees participate in a defined contribution plan. External funds/trusts have been constituted locally to meet benefit payments as required by local regulation.

In The United States there are mainly two defined benefit plans, both closed to new employees, who instead are able to join a defined contribution plan. External funds/trusts have been constituted locally to fund the plans, as required by local regulation.

In 2008, the Turkish government passed a law to unify the different existing pension systems under a single umbrella of Social Security. Such system provides for the transfer of the various prior funds established.

The financial sector is in this stage at present, maintaining these pension commitments managed by external pension funds (foundations) established for that purpose.

 

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The foundation that maintains the assets and liabilities relating to employees of Garanti in Turkey, as per the local regulatory requirements, has registered an obligation amounting to 218 million as of December 31, 2016 pending future social security transfer.

Furthermore, the Group has set up a defined benefit pension plan for employees, additional to the social security benefits, reflected in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Bank also has commitments to pay indemnities to certain employees and members of the Group’s Senior Management in the event that they cease to hold their positions for reasons other than their own will, retirement, disability or serious dereliction of duties. The amount will be calculated according to the salary and professional conditions of each employee, taking into consideration fixed elements of the remuneration and the length of office at the Bank. Under no circumstances indemnities will be paid in cases of disciplinary dismissal for misconduct upon decision of the employer on grounds of the employee’s serious dereliction of duties.

In 2016 as a consequence of certain Senior Management members leaving the Group, indemnities for an overall total of 1,788 thousand were paid, which have been recorded as Other Personnel Expenses (see Note 44).

Medical benefit commitments

The change in defined benefit obligations and plan assets during the years 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
    

 

2016

 

    

 

2015

 

    

 

2014

 

 
Medical Benefits Commitments   

Defined  

 

Benefit  

 

Obligation  

     Plan assets       

Net liability  

 

(asset)  

    

Defined  

 

Benefit  

 

Obligation  

     Plan assets       

Net liability  

 

(asset)  

    

Defined  

 

Benefit  

 

Obligation  

     Plan assets       

Net liability  

 

(asset)  

 
Balance at the beginning      1,022        1,149        (127)        1,083        1,240        (157)        811        938        (128)  
Current service cost      24        -        24        31        -        31        23        -        23  
Interest income or expense      86        97        (11)        95        109        (14)        78        90        (13)  
Contributions by plan participants      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -  
Employer contributions      -        114        (114)        -        -        -        -        183        (183)  
Past service costs (1)      (5)        -        (5)        1        -        1        1        -        1  
Remeasurements:      59        (60)        119        (87)        (94)        7        190        46        144  

Return on plan assets (2)

     -        (60)        60        -        (94)        94        -        46        (46)  

From changes in demographic assumptions

     110        -        110        -        -        -        -        -        -  

From changes in financial assumptions

     (91)        -        (91)        (91)        -        (91)        181        -        181  

Other actuarial gain and losses

     39        -        39        4        -        4        10        -        10  
Benefit payments      (33)        (30)        (2)        (30)        (30)        -        (29)        (28)        (1)  
Settlement payments      -        -        -        (2)        -        (2)        -        -        -  
Business combinations and disposals      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -  
Effect on changes in foreign exchange rates      (138)        (156)        18        (69)        (76)        8        9        10        (1)  
Other effects      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        1        (1)  
Balance at the end      1,015        1,113        (98)        1,022        1,149        (127)        1,083        1,240        (157)  

 

  (1) 

Including gains and losses arising from settlements.

 

  (2) 

Excluding interest, which is recorded under “Interest income or expense”.

In Mexico there is a medical benefit plan for employees hired prior to 2007. New employees from 2007 are covered by medical insurance policy. An external trust has been constituted locally to fund the plan, in accordance with local legislation and Group policy.

In Turkey employees are currently provided with medical benefits through a foundation in collaboration with the social security system, although local legislation prescribes the future unification of this and similar systems into the general social security system itself.

The valuation of these benefits and their accounting treatment follow the same methodology as that employed in the valuation of pension commitments.

 

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Estimated benefit payments

The estimated benefit payments over the next ten years for all the entities in Spain, Mexico, The United States and Turkey are as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
Estimated Benefit Payments   

 

      2017      

 

           2018                  2019                  2020                  2021              2022-2026    
Commitments in Spain      820        736        652        563        470        1,269  
Commitments in Mexico      79        80        84        88        93        556  
Commitments in United States      17        18        18        19        20        112  
Commitments in Turkey      25        15        16        18        21        165  
Total      941        849        770        688        604        2,102  

Plan assets

The majority of the Group’s defined benefit plans are funded by plan assets held in external funds/trusts legally separate from the Group sponsoring entity. However, in accordance with local regulation, some commitments are not externally funded and covered through internally held provisions, principally those relating to early retirements in Spain.

Plan assets are those assets which will be used to directly settle the assumed commitments and which meet the following conditions: they are not part of the Group sponsoring entity’s assets, they are available only to pay post-employment benefits and they cannot be returned to the Group sponsoring entity.

To manage the assets associated with defined benefit plans, BBVA Group has established investment policies designed according to criteria of prudence and minimizing the financial risks associated with plan assets.

The investment policy consists of investing in a low risk and diversified portfolio of assets with maturities consistent with the term of the benefit obligation and which, together with contributions made to the plan, will be sufficient to meet benefit payments when due, thus mitigating the plans‘ risks.

In those countries where plan assets are held in pension funds or trusts, the investment policy is developed consistently with local regulation. When selecting specific assets, current market conditions, the risk profile of the assets and their future market outlook are all taken into consideration. In all the cases, the selection of assets takes into consideration the term of the benefit obligations as well as short-term liquidity requirements.

The risks associated with these commitments are those which give rise to a deficit in the plan assets. A deficit could arise from factors such as a fall in the market value of plan assets, an increase in long-term interest rates leading to a decrease in the fair value of fixed income securities, or a deterioration of the economy resulting in more write-downs and credit rating downgrades.

The table below shows the allocation of plan assets of the main companies of the BBVA Group as of December 31, 2016:

 

    

    Millions of Euros    

 

 
Plan Assets Breakdown   

 

2016

 

 
Cash or cash equivalents      151  
Debt securities (Government bonds)      2,150  
Property      1  
Mutual funds      1  
Insurance contracts      5  
Other investments      9  
Total      2,317  

Of which:

  

Bank account in BBVA

     4  

Debt securities issued by BBVA

     3  

In addition to the above there are plan assets relating to the previously mentioned insurance contracts in Spain and the foundation in Turkey.

 

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The following table provides details of investments in listed securities (Level 1) as of December 31, 2016:

 

    

    Millions of Euros    

 

 
Investments in listed markets   

 

2016

 

 
Cash or cash equivalents      151  
Debt securities (Government bonds)      2,150  
Mutual funds      1  
Total      2,302  

Of which:

  

Bank account in BBVA

     4  

Debt securities issued by BBVA

     3  

The remainders of the assets are mainly invested in Level 2 assets in in accordance with the classification established under IFRS 13 (mainly insurance contracts). As of December 31, 2016, almost all of the assets related to employee’s commitments corresponded to fixed income securities.

 

25.2

Defined contribution plans

Certain Group entities sponsor defined contribution plans. Some of these plans allow employees to make contributions which are then matched by the employer.

Contributions are recognized as and when they are accrued, with a charge to the consolidated income statement in the corresponding financial year. No liability is therefore recognized in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet (see Note 44.1).

 

26.

Common stock

As of December 31, 2016, BBVA’s common stock amounted to 3,217,641,468.58 divided into 6,566,615,242 fully subscribed and paid-up registered shares, all of the same class and series, at 0.49 par value each, represented through book-entry accounts. All of the Bank shares carry the same voting and dividend rights, and no single stockholder enjoys special voting rights. Each and every share is part of the Bank’s common stock.

The Bank’s shares are traded on the Spanish stock market, as well as on the London and Mexico stock markets. BBVA American Depositary Shares (ADSs) traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Also, as of December 31, 2016, the shares of BBVA Banco Continental, S.A., Banco Provincial S.A., BBVA Colombia, S.A., BBVA Chile, S.A., and BBVA Banco Frances, S.A. were listed on their respective local stock markets. BBVA Banco Frances, S.A. is also listed on the Latin American market (Latibex) of the Madrid Stock Exchange and on the New York Stock Exchange.

As of December 31, 2016, State Street Bank and Trust Co., Chase Nominees Ltd and The Bank of New York Mellon SA NV in their capacity as international custodian/depositary banks, held 11.74%, 7.04%, and 5.18% of BBVA common stock, respectively. Of said positions held by the custodian banks, BBVA is not aware of any individual shareholders with direct or indirect holdings greater than or equal to 3% of BBVA common stock outstanding.

On January 13, 2016, the Blackrock, Inc. reported to the Spanish Securities and Exchange Commission (CNMV) that, it now has an indirect holding of BBVA common stock totaling 5.606%, of which 5.253% are voting rights attributed to shares and 0.353% are voting rights through financial instruments.

BBVA is not aware of any direct or indirect interests through which control of the Bank may be exercised. BBVA has not received any information on stockholder agreements including the regulation of the exercise of voting rights at its annual general meetings or restricting or placing conditions on the free transferability of BBVA shares. No agreement is known that could give rise to changes in the control of the Bank.

 

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The changes in the heading “Common Stock” of the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are due to the following common stock increases:

 

Capital Increase   

 

      Number of      
Shares

 

    

Common Stock

    (Millions of Euros)    

 
As of December 31, 2014      6,171,338,995        3,024  
Dividend option - January 2015      53,584,943        26  
Dividend option - April 2015      80,314,074        39  
Dividend option - October 2015      61,442,106        30  
As of December 31, 2015      6,366,680,118        3,120  
Dividend option - April 2016      113,677,807        56  
Dividend option - October 2016      86,257,317        42  
As of December 31, 2016      6,566,615,242        3,218  

“Dividend Option” Program in 2016:

The AGM held on March 11, 2016 under Third Point of the Agenda, adopted four resolutions on capital increase to be charged to reserves, to once again implement the shareholder remuneration program called the “Dividend Option” (see Note 4), pursuant to article 297.1 a) of the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act, conferring on the Board of Directors the authority to indicate the date on which said capital increases should be carried out, within one year of the date of the AGM, including the power not to implement any of the resolutions, when deemed advisable.

As a consequence of such agreement, on March 31, 2016, the Board of Directors of BBVA approved the execution of the first of the capital increases charged to voluntary reserves agreed by the aforementioned AGM. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s capital increased by 55,702,125.43 through the issue and circulation of 113,677,807 shares with a 0.49 par value each.

On September 28, 2016, the Board of Directors of BBVA approved the execution of the second of the capital increases charged to voluntary reserves agreed by the aforementioned AGM. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s capital increased by 42,266,085.33 through the issue and circulation of 86,257,317 shares with a 0.49 par value each.

“Dividend Option” Program in 2015:

The AGM held on March 13, 2015 under Point Four of the Agenda, adopted four resolutions on capital increase to be charged to voluntary reserves, to once again implement the shareholder remuneration program called the “Dividend Option” (see Note 4), pursuant to article 297.1 a) of the Spanish Corporate Enterprises Act, conferring on the Board of Directors the authority to indicate the date on which said capital increases should be carried out, within one year of the date of the AGM, including the power not to implement any of the resolutions, when deemed advisable.

On March 25, 2015, the Board of Directors of BBVA approved the execution of the first of the capital increases charged to voluntary reserves agreed by the aforementioned AGM. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s capital increased by 39,353,896.26 through the issue and circulation of 80,314,074 shares with a 0.49 par value each.

Likewise, on September 30, 2015, the Board of Directors of BBVA approved the execution of the second of the capital increases charged to voluntary reserves agreed by the aforementioned AGM. As a result of this increase, the Bank’s capital increased by 30,106,631.94 through the issue and circulation of 61,442,106 shares with a 0.49 par value each.

“Dividend Option” Program in 2014:

Formerly, on December 17, 2014, Board of Directors of BBVA approved the execution of the third of the capital increases charged to reserves agreed by the aforementioned AGM. As of January 14, 2015, the Bank’s common stock increased by 26,256,622.07 through the issue and circulation of 53,584,943 ordinary shares with a 0.49 par value each, of the same class and series as the shares currently in circulation, without issuance premium and represented by book entries.

 

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Capital increase

The Bank’s AGM held on March 16, 2012 agreed, in Point Three of the Agenda, to confer authority on the Board of Directors to increase common stock in accordance with Article 297.1.b) of the Corporations Act, on one or several occasions, within the legal deadline of five years from the date the resolution takes effect, up to the maximum nominal amount of 50% of the subscribed and paid-up common stock on the date on which the resolution is adopted. Likewise, an agreement was made to enable the Board of Directors to exclude the preemptive subscription right on those common stock increases in line with the terms of Article 506 of the Corporations Act. This authority is limited to 20% of the common stock of the Bank on the date the agreement is adopted.

On November 19, 2014, the Board of Directors of BBVA, exercising the authority delegated by the AGM held on March 16, 2012 under point Three of its Agenda, decided to carry out a capital increase though an accelerated bookbuilt offering.

On November 20, 2014, the capital increase finished with a total par value of 118,787,879.56 through the issue of 242,424,244 shares of BBVA, each with a par value of 0.49, of the same class and series as the shares currently in circulation and represented by book entries. The subscription price of these new shares was determined to be 8.25 per share (corresponding 0.49 to par value and 7.76 to share premium). Therefore, the total effective amount of the Capital Increase was of 2,000,000,013 corresponding 118,787,879.56 euros to par value and 1,881,212,133.44 euros to share premium (see Note 27).

Convertible and/or exchangeable securities:

At the AGM held on March 16, 2012 the shareholders resolved, in Point Five of the Agenda, to delegate to the Board of Directors the authority to issue bonds, convertible and/or exchangeable into BBVA shares, for a maximum total of 12 billion. The authority include the right to establish the different aspects and conditions of each issue; to exclude the pre-emptive subscription right of shareholders in accordance with the Corporations Act; to determine the basis and methods of conversion and/or exchange; and to increase the Banks common stock as required to address the conversion commitments.

Exercising the authority delegated by the AGM, BBVA, on April 8, 2016, BBVA S.A. has agreed to carry out the fourth issue of perpetual contingent convertible securities, convertible into issued ordinary shares of BBVA (Additional level I capital instruments), without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,000 million (see Note 22.3).

Likewise, exercising the authority delegated by the AGM, BBVA, on February 10, 2015, BBVA S.A. has agreed to carry out the third issue of perpetual contingent convertible securities, convertible into issued ordinary shares of BBVA (Additional level I capital instruments), without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,500 million (see Note 22.4).

Exercising the authority delegated by the AGM, BBVA, in 2014, BBVA S.A. has agreed to carry out the second issue of perpetual contingent convertible securities, convertible into issued ordinary shares of BBVA (Additional level I capital instruments), without pre-emption rights, for a nominal total amount of 1,500 million.

Other securities:

At the AGM held on March 13, 2015, in Point Three of the agenda, the shareholders resolve to delegate to the Board of Directors, the authority to issue, within the three-year maximum period stipulated by law, on one or several occasions, directly or through subsidiaries, with the full guarantee of the Bank, any type of fixed-income securities, documented in obligations, bonds of any kind, promissory notes, all type of covered bonds, warrants, mortgage participation, mortgage transfers certificates and preferred securities (that are totally or partially exchangeable for shares already issued by the Bank or by another company, in the market or which can be settled in cash), or any other fixed-income securities, in euros or any other currency, that can be subscribed in cash or in kind, registered or bearer, unsecured or secured by any kind of collateral, including a mortgage guarantee, with or without incorporation of rights to the securities (warrants), subordinate or otherwise, for a limited or indefinite period of time, up to a maximum nominal amount of 250 billion.

 

27.

Share premium

There are no changes for years 2016 and 2015 in the balances under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, amounting 23,992 million due to the common stock increases carried out in 2014 (see Note 26).

 

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The amended Spanish Corporation Act expressly permits the use of the share premium balance to increase capital and establishes no specific restrictions as to its use.

 

28.

Retained earnings, revaluation reserves and other reserves

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             

Retained earnings, revaluation reserves and other reserves.

 

Breakdown by concepts

   Notes            2016                  2015                  2014        
                             
Legal reserve      28.1         624        605        567  
Restricted reserve for retired capital      28.2         201        213        268  
Reserves for balance revaluations         20        22        23  
Voluntary reserves         8,521        6,971        6,784  
Total reserves holding company (*)         9,366        7,811        7,642  
Consolidation reserves attributed to the Bank and dependents consolidated companies.         14,275        14,701        13,294  
Total         23,641        22,512        20,936  

 

  (*)

Total reserves of BBVA, S.A.

 

28.1

Legal reserve

Under the amended Corporations Act, 10% of any profit made each year must be transferred to the legal reserve. The transfer must be made until the legal reserve reaches 20% of the common stock.

The legal reserve can be used to increase the common stock provided that the remaining reserve balance does not fall below 10% of the increased capital. While it does not exceed 20% of the common stock, it can only be allocated to offset losses exclusively in the case that there are not sufficient reserves available.

 

28.2

Restricted reserves

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the Bank’s restricted reserves are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Restricted Reserves          2016                  2015                  2014        
                      
Restricted reserve for retired capital      88        88        88  
Restricted reserve for Parent Company shares and loans for those shares      111        123        178  
Restricted reserve for redenomination of capital in euros      2        2        2  
Total      201        213        268  

The restricted reserve for retired capital resulted from the reduction of the nominal par value of the BBVA shares made in April 2000.

The most significant heading corresponds to restricted reserves related to the amount of shares issued by the Bank in its possession at each date, as well as the amount of customer loans outstanding at those dates that were granted for the purchase of, or are secured by, the Bank’s shares.

Finally, pursuant to Law 46/1998 on the Introduction of the Euro, a restricted reserve is recognized as a result of the rounding effect of the redenomination of the Bank’s common stock in euros.

 

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28.3

Retained earnings, revaluation reserves and other reserves by entity

The breakdown, by company or corporate group, under the heading “Reserves” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Retained earnings, Revaluation reserves and Other

 

reserves

         2016                  2015                  2014        
                      
Accumulated income ans Revaluation reserves         
Holding Company      14,101        14,763        11,634  
BBVA Bancomer Group      9,108        8,178        7,482  
BBVA Seguros, S.A.      (62)        261        431  
Corporacion General Financiera, S.A.      1,187        1,192        711  
BBVA Banco Provincial Group      1,752        1,751        1,592  
BBVA Chile Group      1,264        1,115        1,048  
Compañía de Cartera e Inversiones, S.A.      (27)        (16)        10  
Anida Grupo Inmobiliario, S.L.      528        527        589  
BBVA Suiza, S.A.      (1)        (4)        (17)  
BBVA Continental Group      611        506        437  
BBVA Luxinvest, S.A.      16        33        467  
BBVA Colombia Group      803        656        492  
BBVA Banco Francés Group      827        621        439  
Banco Industrial De Bilbao, S.A.      61        33        43  
Uno-E Bank, S.A. (*)      -        (62)        (65)  
Gran Jorge Juan, S.A.      (30)        (40)        (45)  
BBVA Portugal Group      (477)        (511)        (519)  
Participaciones Arenal, S.L.      (180)        (180)        (180)  
BBVA Propiedad S.A.      (431)        (412)        (342)  
Anida Operaciones Singulares, S.L.      (4,127)        (3,962)        (1,788)  
Grupo BBVA USA Bancshares      (1,053)        (1,459)        (1,747)  
Garanti Turkiye Bankasi Group      127        -        -  
Unnim Real Estate      (477)        (403)        (348)  
Bilbao Vizcaya Holding, S.A.      139        73        70  
BBVA Autorenting, S.A.      (38)        (49)        (30)  
Pecri Inversión S.L.      (75)        (78)        15  
Other      162        77        (75)  
Subtotal      23,708        22,610        20,304  
Reserves or accumulated losses of investments in joint ventures and associates         
Citic International.Financial Holdings Limited      -        -        197  
Garanti Turkiye Bankasi Group      -        -        609  
Metrovacesa      -        (143)        (68)  
Metrovacesa Suelo      (52)        -        (94)  
Other      (15)        45        (11)  
Subtotal      (67)        (98)        633  
Total      23,641        22,512        20,937  

 

  (*)

Absorbed into BBVA S.A.

For the purpose of allocating the reserves and accumulated losses to the consolidated entities and to the parent company, the transfers of reserves arising from the dividends paid and transactions between these entities are taken into account in the period in which they took place.

 

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29.

Treasury shares

In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the Group entities performed the following transactions with shares issued by the Bank:

 

     2016      2015      2014  
                                         
Treasury Stock   

  Number of  

 

Shares

    

  Millions of  

 

Euros

    

  Number of  

 

Shares

    

  Millions of  

 

Euros

    

  Number of  

 

Shares

    

  Millions of  

 

Euros

 
                                           
Balance at beginning      38,917,665        309        41,510,698        350        6,876,770        66  
+ Purchases      379,850,939        2,004        431,321,283        3,273        425,390,265        3,770  
- Sales and other changes      (411,537,817)        (2,263)        (433,914,316)        (3,314)        (390,756,337)        (3,484)  
+/- Derivatives on BBVA shares      -        (1)        -        -        -        (3)  
+/- Other changes      -        -        -        -        -        -  
Balance at the end      7,230,787        48        38,917,665        309        41,510,698        350  
Of which:                  

Held by BBVA, S.A.

     2,789,894        22        1,840,378        19        5,001,897        46  

Held by Corporación General Financiera, S.A.

     4,440,893        26        37,077,287        290        36,480,861        304  

Held by other subsidiaries

     -        -        -        -        27,940        -  
Average purchase price in Euros      5.27           7.60           8.86     
Average selling price in Euros      5.50           7.67           8.94     
Net gain or losses on transactions (Shareholders’ funds-Reserves)         (30)           6           5  

The percentages of treasury stock held by the Group in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 are as follows:

 

     2016      2015      2014  
                                                                
Treasury Stock          Min                  Max                Closing                Min                  Max                Closing                Min                  Max                  Closing        
                                                                
% treasury stock      0.081%        0.756%        0.110%        0.000%        0.806%        0.613%        0.000%        0.699%        0.672%  

The number of BBVA shares accepted by the Group in pledge of loans as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

                      
Shares of BBVA Accepted in Pledge    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Number of shares in pledge      90,731,198        92.703.291        97,795,984  
Nominal value      0.49        0.49        0.49  
% of share capital      1.38%        1,46%        1.58%  

The number of BBVA shares owned by third parties but under management of a company within the Group as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

                      

Shares of BBVA Owned by Third Parties but

 

Managed by the Group

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Number of shares owned by third parties      85,766,602        92,783,913        101,425,692  
Nominal value      0.49        0.49        0.49  
% of share capital      1.31%        1,46%        1.64%  

 

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30.

Accumulated other comprehensive income

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
                    
Accumulated other comprehensive income        2016             2015             2014      
                    
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss      (1,095     (859     (777

Actuarial gains or (-) losses on defined benefit pension plans

     (1,095     (859     (777

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

     -       -       -  

Share of other recognized income and expense of investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

     -       -       -  

Other adjustments

     -       -       -  
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss      (4,363     (2,490     429  

Hedge of net investments in foreign operations [effective portion]

     (118     (274     (373

Foreign currency translation

     (5,185     (3,905     (2,173

Hedging derivatives. Cash flow hedges [effective portion]

     16       (49     (46

Available-for-sale financial assets

     947       1,674       3,816  

Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale

     -       -       -  

Share of other recognized income and expense of investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates

     (23     64       (796
Total      (5,458     (3,349     (348

The balances recognized under these headings are presented net of tax.

The main variation is related to the conversion to euros of the financial statements balances from consolidated entities whose functional currency is not euros. In this regard, the increase in item “Foreign currency translation” in the above table in the year 2016 is mainly related to the depreciation of the Mexican peso and the Turkish lira, partially offset by the appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the euro.

 

31.

Non-controlling interests

The breakdown by groups of consolidated entities of the balance under the heading “Non-controlling interests” of total equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

    

Millions of euros

 

 
                      
Non-Controlling Interests        2016              2015              2014      
                      
BBVA Colombia Group      67        58        59  
BBVA Chile Group      377        314        347  
BBVA Banco Continental Group      1,059        913        839  
BBVA Banco Provincial Group      97        100        958  
BBVA Banco Francés Group      243        220        230  
Garanti Group (Note 3)      6,157        6,302        -  
Other companies      64        86        78  
Total      8,064        7,992        2,511  

 

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These amounts are broken down by groups of consolidated entities under the heading “Profit - Attributable to non-controlling interests” in the accompanying consolidated income statements:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                     
                     
Profit attributable to Non-Controlling Interests        2016             2015              2014      
                     
BBVA Colombia Group      9       11        11  
BBVA Chile Group      40       42        53  
BBVA Banco Continental Group      193       211        195  
BBVA Banco Provincial Group      (2     -        131  
BBVA Banco Francés Group      55       76        65  
Garanti Group (Note 3)      917       316        -  
Other companies      8       30        9  
Total      1,218       686        464  

Dividends distributed to non-controlling interests of the Group during the year 2016 are: BBVA Banco Continental Group 90 million, BBVA Chile Group 11 million, BBVA Banco Francés Group 12 million, Garanti Group 106 million, BBVA Colombia Group 4 million, and other Spanish entities accounted for 5 million.

 

32.

Capital base and capital management

Capital base

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, equity is calculated in accordance with current regulation on minimum capital base requirements for Spanish credit institutions –both as individual entities and as consolidated group– and how to calculate them, as well as the various internal capital adequacy assessment processes they should have in place and the information they should disclose to the market.

The minimum capital base requirements established by the current regulation are calculated according to the Group’s exposure to credit and dilution risk, counterparty and liquidity risk relating to the trading portfolio, exchange-rate risk and operational risk. In addition, the Group must fulfill the risk concentration limits established in said regulation and the internal corporate governance obligations.

As a result of the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) carried out by the European Central Bank (ECB), BBVA has received a communication from the ECB requiring BBVA to maintain, on a consolidated basis, effective from the 1st of January 2017, a phased-in total capital of 11.125% and on an individual bases, a phased-in total capital of 10.75%.

This total capital requirement of 11.125% includes: i) the minimum CET1 capital ratio required under Pillar 1 (4.5%); ii) Pillar 1 Additional Tier 1 capital requirements (1.5%); iii) Pillar 1 Tier 2 capital requirements (2%); iv) Pillar 2 CET1 capital requirement (1.5%); v) the capital conservation buffer (CCB) (1.25% CET1 in a phased-in term and 2.5% in a fully loaded term) and vi) the Other Systemic Important Institution buffer (OSII) (0.375% CET1 in a phased-in term and 0.75% in a fully loaded term).

Since BBVA has been excluded from the list of global systemically important financial institutions in 2016 (which is updated every year by the Financial Stability Board (FSB)), as of January 1, 2017, the G-SIB buffer will not apply to BBVA in 2017, (notwithstanding the possibility that the FSB or the supervisor may include BBVA on it in the future).

However, the supervisor has informed BBVA that it is included on the list of other systemically important financial institutions, and a D-SIB buffer of 0.75% of the fully-loaded ratio applies at the consolidated level. It will be implemented gradually from January 1, 2016 to January 1, 2019.

The CET1 requirement on phased-in terms stands at 7.625% on a consolidated basis and 7.25% on an individual basis.

 

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The Group’s bank capital in accordance with the aforementioned applicable regulation, considering entities scope required by the above regulation, as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is shown below: (please note that the information for the latter period has been adapted to the new presentation format for comparison purposes):

 

          Millions of euros        
                   
Eligible capital resources   Reconciliation of total
equity with regulatory
capital December
2016 (*)
    Reconciliation of total
equity with regulatory
capital December
2015 (**)
    Reconciliation of total
equity with regulatory
capital December
2014
 
Capital     3,218       3,120       3,024  
Share premium     23,992       23,992       23,992  
Retained earnings, revaluation reserves and other reserves     23,641       22,512       20,936  
Other equity     54       35       67  
Less: Treasury shares     (48)       (309)       (350)  
Profit or loss attributable to owners of the parent     3,475       2,642       2,618  
Less: Interim dividends     (1,510)       (1,352)       (841)  
Total shareholders’ funds     52,821       50,640       49,446  
Accumulated other comprehensive income     (5,458)       (3,349)       (348)  
Minority interests (non-controlling interest)     8,064       8,149       2,511  
Total equity     55,428       55,440       51,610  
Intangible assets     (5,675)       (3,901)       (1,748)  
Fin. treasury shares     (82)       (95)       (124)  
Indirect treasury shares     (51)       (415)       —    
Deductions     (5,808)       (4,411)       (1,872)  
Temporary CET 1 adjustments     (129)       (788)       (3,567)  

Capital gains from the Available-for-sale debt instruments portfolio

    (402)       (796)       (2,713)  

Capital gains from the Available-for-sale equity portfolio

    273       8       (854)  
Differences from solvency and accounting level     (120)       (40)       (140)  
Equity not eligible at solvency level     (249)       (828)       (3,707)  
Other adjustments and deductions     (2,001)       (1,647)       (1,414)  
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1)     47,370       48,554       44,617  
Additional Tier 1 before Regulatory Adjustments     6,114       5,302       4,205  
Total Regulatory Adjustments of Aditional Tier 1     (3,401)       (5,302)       (6,990)  
Tier 1     50,083       48,554       41,831  
Tier 2     8,810       11,646       10,986  
Total Capital (Total Capital=Tier 1 + Tier 2)     58,893       60,200       52,817  
     
Total Minimum equity required     37,923       38,125       28,064  

 

  (*)

Figures originally reported in the Prudential Relevance Report corresponding to the year 2015, without restatements.

 

     Millions of Euros         
                      
                      
Capital Base        2016                    2015                        2014            
                      
Tier 1 (thousand of euros) (a)      50,083        48,554        41,832  
Exposure (thousand of euros) (b)      747,216        766,589        671,081  
Leverage ratio (a)/(b) (percentage)      6.70%        6.33%        6.23%  

Variations in the amount of Tier 1 Common Equity in the above table are mainly explained by the organic generation of capital leaning against the recurrence of the results, net of dividends paid and remunerations; and the efficient management and allocation of capital in line with the strategic objectives of the Group.

Additionally, there is a negative effect on the minority interests and deductions due to the regulatory phase-in calendar of 60% in 2016 compared with 40% in 2015.

During the first semester of the year, BBVA Group has completed the additional Tier 1 capital recommended by the Regulator (1.5% of Risk-Weighted Assets) with the issuance of perpetual securities eventually convertible into

 

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shares, classified as additional Tier 1 equity instruments (contingent convertible) under the solvency rules and contributing to the ratio of Tier 1 stood at 12.88%

Finally, the total capital ratio is located at 15.14% reflecting the effects discussed above.

The increase in minimum capital requirements is mainly due to the consideration of the aforementioned new prudential capital requirements applicable to BBVA.

A reconciliation of the balance sheet to the accounting and regulatory scope (provisional data) as of December 31, 2016 is provided below:

 

          Millions of Euros              
                         
Public balance sheet headings   Public
balance
sheet
    Insurance
companies and
real estate
companies
    Jointly-
controlled
entities and
other
adjustments
    Regulatory
balance sheet
 
Cash and balances with central banks and other demand deposits     40,039       -       59       40,098  
Financial assets held for trading     74,950       (1,117)       2,509       76,342  
Other financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss     2,062       (2,058)       -       4  
Available for sale financial assets     79,221       (20,608)       25       58,638  
Loans and receivables     465,977       (1,298)       2,010       466,689  
Held to maturity investments     17,696       -       -       17,696  
Fair value changes of the hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk     2,833       (124)       -       2,709  
Hedging derivatives     17       -       -       17  
Non-current assets held for sale     765       3,716       (103)       4,378  
Investments in entities accounted for using the equity method     3,603       (14)       (29)       3,560  
Other     44,693       (2,862)       2,622       44,453  
Total assets     731,856       (24,365)       7,093       714,584  

Capital management

Capital management in the BBVA Group has a twofold aim:

 

   

Maintain a level of capitalization according to the business objectives in all countries in which it operates and, simultaneously,

 

   

Maximize the return on shareholders’ funds through the efficient allocation of capital to the different units, a good management of the balance sheet and appropriate use of the various instruments forming the basis of the Group’s equity: shares, preferred securities and subordinate debt.

This capital management is carried out determining the capital base and the solvency ratios established by the prudential and minimum capital requirements also have to be met for the entities subject to prudential supervision in each country.

The current regulation allows each entity to apply its own internal ratings-based (IRB) approach to risk assessment and capital management, subject to Bank of Spain approval. The BBVA Group carries out an integrated management of these risks in accordance with its internal policies and its internal capital estimation model has received the Bank of Spain’s approval for certain portfolios (see Note 7).

 

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33.

Commitments and guarantees given

The breakdown of the balance under these headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is as follows:

 

     Millions of euros  

Loan commitments, financial guarantees and other

commitments

       2016                  2015  
Loan commitments given      107,254        123,620  

of which: defaulted

     411        446  

Central banks

     1        8  

General governments

     4,354        3,823  

Credit institutions

     1,209        1,239  

Other financial corporations

     4,155        4,032  

Non-financial corporations

     71,710        71,583  

Households

     25,824        42,934  
Financial guarantees given      18,267        19,176  

of which: defaulted

     278        146  

Central banks

     -        -  

General governments

     103        100  

Credit institutions

     1,553        1,483  

Other financial corporations

     722        1,621  

Non-financial corporations

     15,354        15,626  

Households

     534        346  
Other commitments and guarantees given      42,592        42,813  

of which: defaulted

     402        517  

Central banks

     12        15  

General governments

     372        101  

Credit institutions

     9,880        9,640  

Other financial corporations

     4,892        5,137  

Non-financial corporations

     27,297        27,765  

Households

     138        156  
Total Loan commitments and financial guarantees      168,113        185,609  

 

  (*)

Non performing financial guarantees given amounted 680 and 664 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Since a significant portion of the amounts above will expire without any payment being made by the consolidated entities, the aggregate balance of these commitments cannot be considered the actual future requirement for financing or liquidity to be provided by the BBVA Group to third parties.

In the years 2016 and 2015 no issuance of debt securities carried out by associates of the BBVA Group, joint venture entities or non-Group entities have been guaranteed.

 

34.

Other contingent assets and liabilities

As of December 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 there were no material contingent assets or liabilities other than those disclosed in the accompanying notes to the financial statements.

 

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35.

Purchase and sale commitments and future payment obligations

The breakdown of purchase and sale commitments of the BBVA Group as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Purchase and Sale Commitments

 

   Notes          2016          2015          2014      
Financial instruments sold with repurchase commitments         46,562        68,401        66,326  

Central Banks

     9        4,649        19,065        8,774  

Credit Institutions

     22.1        28,421        26,069        32,935  

General governments

     22.2        -        7,556        3,022  

Other domestic sectors

     22.2        5,271        11,092        13,306  

Foreign sectors

     22.2        8,221        4,619        8,289  
Financial instruments purchased with resale commitments         22,921        16,935        17,639  

Central Banks

     9        81        149        209  

Credit Institutions

     13.1        15,561        11,749        10,440  

General governments

     13.2        544        326        378  

Other domestic sectors

     13.2        3,388        3,952        5,932  

Foreign sectors

     13.2        3,347        758        680  

A breakdown of the maturity of other payment obligations, not included in previous notes, due after December 31, 2016 is provided below:

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Maturity of Future Payment Obligations

 

   Up to 1 Year      1 to 3 Years      3 to 5 Years      Over 5 Years      Total  
Finance leases      -        -        -        -        -  
Operating leases      263        305        321        2,397        3,286  
Purchase commitments      23        -        -        -        23  

Technology and systems projects

     2        -        -        -        2  

Other projects

     20        -        -        -        20  
Total      286        305        321        2,397        3,309  

 

36.

Transactions on behalf of third parties

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the details of the most significant items under this heading are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  

 

Transactions on Behalf of Third Parties

 

     2016            2015            2014      
Financial instruments entrusted by third parties      637,761        664,911        602,791  
Conditional bills and other securities received for collection      16,054        15,064        4,438  
Securities lending      3,968        4,125        3,945  
Total      657,783        684,100        611,174  

 

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As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the customer funds managed by the BBVA Group are as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Customer Funds by Type    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Asset management by type of customer (*):         

Collective investment

     55,037        54,419        52,782  

Pension funds

     33,418        31,542        27,364  

Customer portfolios managed on a discretionary basis

     40,805        42,074        35,129  

Of which:

        

Portfolios managed on a discretionary

     18,165        19,919        17,187  

Other resources

     2,831        3,786        3,577  
Customer resources distributed but not managed by type of product:         

Collective investment

     3,695        4,181        3,197  

Insurance products

     39        41        -  

Other

     -        31        30  
Total            135,824              136,074              118,502  

 

  (*)

Excludes balances from securitization funds.

 

37.

Interest income and expense

 

37.1

Interest income

The breakdown of the interest and similar income recognized in the accompanying consolidated income statement is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Interest Income

Breakdown by Origin

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Central Banks      229        140        132  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      217        260        235  
Loans and advances to customers      21,608        19,200        17,565  

General governments

     408        550        693  

Resident sector

     2,983        3,360        3,754  

Non resident sector

     18,217        15,290        13,118  
Debt securities      4,128        3,792        3,486  

Held for trading

     1,014        981        1,134  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     3,114        2,810        2,352  
Adjustments of income as a result of hedging transactions      (385)        (382)        (321)  

Cash flow hedges (effective portion)

     12        47        6  

Fair value hedges

     (397)        (429)        (327)  
Insurance activity      1,219        1,152        1,199  
Other income      692        621        542  
Total              27,708                24,783                22,838  

The amounts recognized in consolidated equity in connection with hedging derivatives and the amounts derecognized from consolidated equity and taken to the consolidated income statement during both periods are given in the accompanying “Consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses”.

 

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37.2

Interest expense

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Interest Expenses

Breakdown by Origin

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Central banks      192        138        62  
Deposits from credit institutions      1,367        1,186        1,012  
Customers deposits      5,766        4,340        4,246  
Debt securities issued      2,323        2,548        2,546  
Adjustments of expenses as a result of hedging transactions      (574)        (859)        (930)  

Cash flow hedges (effective portion)

     42        (16)        (18)  

Fair value hedges

     (616)        (844)        (912)  
Cost attributable to pension funds (Note 25)      96        108        172  
Insurance activity      846        816        912  
Other expenses      634        484        436  
Total                10,648                    8,761                    8,456  

 

37.3

Average return on investments and average borrowing cost

The detail of the average return on investments in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros
                                     
    2016   2015   2014
Assets  

Average

    Balances    

 

Interest

     income     

 

Average

Interest Rates 

(%)

 

Average

 Balances 

 

Interest

 income 

 

Average

Interest Rates 

(%)

 

Average

    Balances    

 

Interest

     income     

 

Average

Interest Rates 

(%)

Cash and balances with central banks and other demand deposits

  26,209     10     0.04     23,542     2     0.01     15,219     4     0.02  

Securities portfolio and derivatives

  202,388     5,072     2.51     211,589     4,673     2.21     181,762     4,505     2.48  

Loans and advances to central banks

  15,326     229     1.50     12,004     140     1.17     11,745     132     1.12  

Loans and advances to credit institutions

  28,078     218     0.78     27,171     270     0.99     22,811     234     1.03  

Loans and advances to customers

  410,895     21,853     5.32     382,125     19,471     5.10     328,183     17,803     5.42  

Euros

  201,967     3,750     1.86     196,987     4,301     2.18     186,965     4,843     2.59  

Foreign currency

  208,928     18,104     8.67     185,139     15,170     8.19     141,218     12,960     9.18  

Other assets

  52,748     325     0.62     49,128     226     0.46     40,686     159     0.39  
Totals   735,645     27,708     3.77     705,559     24,783     3.51     600,407     22,838     3.80  

The average borrowing cost in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

    Millions of Euros
                                     
    2016   2015   2014
Assets  

Average

    Balances    

 

Interest

     expenses     

 

Average

 Interest Rates 

(%)

 

Average

 Balances 

 

Interest

 expenses 

 

Average

 Interest Rates 

(%)

 

Average

    Balances    

 

Interest

     income     

 

Average

Interest Rates

(%)

Deposits from central banks and credit institutions

  101,975     1,866     1.83     99,289   1,559     1.57     81,860     1,292     1.58  

Customer deposits

  398,851     5,944     1.49     366,249   4,390     1.20     307,705     4,335     1.41  

Euros

  195,310     766     0.39     187,721   1,024     0.55     160,946     1,725     1.07  

Foreign currency

  203,541     5,178     2.54     178,528   3,366     1.89     146,759     2,610     1.78  

Debt securities issued

  89,876     1,738     1.93     89,672   1,875     2.09     80,132     1,831     2.29  

Other liabilities

  89,328     1,101     1.23     96,049   936     0.97     83,620     998     1.19  

Equity

  55,616     -     -     54,300   -     -     47,091     -     -  
Totals   735,645     10,648     1.45     705,559   8,761     1.24     600,407     8,456     1.41  

 

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The change in the balance under the headings “Interest and similar income” and “Interest and similar expenses” in the accompanying consolidated income statements is the result of exchange rate effect, changing prices (price effect) and changing volume of activity (volume effect), as can be seen below:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                                       
                                       
     2016 / 2015     2015 / 2014  

Interest Income and Expenses

Change in the Balance

  

Volume

 

Effect (1)

   

Price

 

Effect (2)

    Total Effect    

Volume

 

Effect (1)

    

Price

 

Effect (2)

    Total Effect  
Cash and balances with central banks and other demand deposits      -       7       8       2        (4     (1
Securities portfolio and derivatives      (203     602       399       739        (572     168  
Loans and advances to Central Banks      39       51       89       3        5       8  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      9       (61     (52     45        (9     36  
Loans and advances to customers      1,466       916       2,382       2,926        (1,258     1,668  

In Euros

     109       (660     (552     260        (801     (542

In other currencies

               1,949                   985             2,934               4,031                (1,821             2,210  
Other assets      17       82       99       33        34       67  
Interest income            2,925              1,945  
Deposits from central banks and credit institutions      42       265       307       275        (8     267  
Customer deposits      391       1,162       1,553       825        (769     56  

Domestic

     41       (300     (258     287        (988     (701

Foreign

     472       1,340       1,812       565        192       757  
Debt securities issued      4       (142     (137     218        (174     44  
Other liabilities      (66     230       165       148        (210     (62
Interest expenses          1,888            305  
Net Interest Income            1,037              1,641  

 

  (1)

The volume effect is calculated as the result of the interest rate of the initial period multiplied by the difference between the average balances of both periods.

  (2)

The price effect is calculated as the result of the average balance of the last period multiplied by the difference between the interest rates of both periods.

 

38.

Dividend income

The balances for this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements correspond to dividends on shares and equity instruments other than those from shares in entities accounted for using the equity method (see Note 39), as can be seen in the breakdown below:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
Dividend Income    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Dividends from:         

Financial assets held for trading

     156        144        137  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     307        271        394  

Other

     5        -        -  
Total              467                    415                    531  

 

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39.

Share of profit or loss of entities accounted for using the equity method

The breakdown of the balance under the heading “Investments in Entities Accounted for Using the Equity Method” in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Investments in Entities Accounted for Using the Equity Method            2016                      2015                      2014          
                      

CIFH

     -        -        71  

Garanti Group

     -        167        312  

Metrovacesa, S.A.

     -        (46      (75

Other

     25        53        35  
Total      25        174        343  

 

40.

Fee and commission income and expenses

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Fee and Commission Income    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Credit and debit cards      2,679        2,336        2,061  
Asset Management      839        686        594  
Transfers and others payment orders      578        474        329  
Current accounts      469        405        321  
Contingent risks      406        360        297  
Securities fees      335        283        274  
Commitment fees      237        172        184  
Checks      207        239        219  
Insurance product commissions      178        171        79  
Custody securities      122        314        308  
Bills receivables      52        94        77  
Other fees and commissions      701        807        787  
Total              6,804                6,340                5,530  
        
     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Fee and Commission Expenses    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Credit and debit cards      1,334        1,113        881  
Transfers and others payment orders      102        92        63  
Commissions for selling insurance      63        69        53  
Other fees and commissions      587        454        360  
Total      2,086        1,729        1,356  

 

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41.

Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net) and Exchange Differences

The breakdown of the balance under this heading, by source of the related items, in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities and exchange differences

 

Breakdown by Heading of the Balance Sheet

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Gains or losses on derecognition of financial assets and liabilities not measured at fair value through profit or loss, net      1,375        1,055        1,439  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     1,271        980        1,400  

Loans and receivables

     95        76        31  

Other

     10        (1)        7  
Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net      248        (409)        11  
Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, net      114        126        32  
Gains or losses from hedge accounting, net      (76)        93        (47)  
Subtotal Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities      1,661        865        1,435  
Exchange Differences      472        1,165        699  
Total              2,133                2,030                2,134  

The breakdown of the balance (excluding exchange rate differences) under this heading in the accompanying income statements by the nature of financial instruments is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
                      

Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities

 

Breakdown by nature of the Financial Instrument

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Debt instruments      906        522        1,683  
Equity instruments      459        (414)        345  
Loans and advances to customers      65        88        35  
Derivatives - Hedge accounting      109        561        (648)  
Costumer deposits      87        83        (4)  
Other      35        25        24  
Total              1,661                  865                1,435  

 

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The breakdown of the balance of the impact of the derivatives (trading and hedging) under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Derivatives - Hedge accounting    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Derivatives         

Interest rate agreements

     431        666        (429)  

Security agreements

     86        751        34  

Commodity agreements

     (29)        (1)        (1)  

Credit derivative agreements

     (118)        39        76  

Foreign-exchange agreements

     186        (1,001)        (285)  

Other agreements

     (371)        15        4  
Subtotal                  185                    468                    (601)  
Hedging Derivatives Ineffectiveness            -  

Fair value hedges

     (76)        80        (47)  

Hedging derivative

     (330)        (28)        (488)  

Hedged item

     254        108        441  

Cash flow hedges

     -        13        -  
Subtotal      (76)        93        (47)  
Total      109        561        (648)  

In addition, in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, under the heading “Gains or losses on financial assets and liabilities held for trading, net” of the consolidated income statement, net amounts of positive 151 million, positive 135 million, and positive 39 million, respectively were recognized for transactions with foreign exchange trading derivatives.

 

42.

Other operating income and expenses

The breakdown of the balance under the heading “Other operating income” in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Other operating income    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Financial income from non-financial services      882        912        650  

Of which: Real estate companies

     588        668        464  
Rest of other operating income      390        403        309  

Of which: from rented buildings

     76        90        65  
Total              1,272                1,315                    959  

The breakdown of the balance under the heading “Other operating expenses” in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Other operating expenses    2016      2015      2014  
                      

Change in inventories

     617        678        506  

Of Which: Real estate companies

     511        594        448  

Rest of other operating expenses

     1,511        1,607        2,200  
Total                2,128                  2,285                  2,706  

 

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43.

Insurance and reinsurance contracts income and expenses

The breakdown of the balance under the headings “Insurance and reinsurance contracts incomes and expenses” in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                    
                    
Other operating income and expenses on insurance and reinsurance
contracts
   2016     2015     2014  
                    
Income on insurance and reinsurance contracts              3,652               3,678               3,622  
Expenses on insurance and reinsurance contracts      (2,545     (2,599     (2,714
Total      1,107       1,080       908  

The table below shows the contribution of each insurance product to the Group’s income for the year ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Income by type of insurance product    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Life insurance      634        670        599  

Individual

     268        329        272  

Savings

     30        80        67  

Risk

     238        249        205  

Group insurance

     366        342        327  

Savings

     8        22        90  

Risk

     357        320        237  
Non-Life insurance      474        409        309  

Home insurance

     131        127        117  

Other non-life insurance products

     342        283        192  
Total                          1,107                            1,080                            908  

 

44.

Administration costs

 

44.1

Personnel expenses

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

            Millions of euros  
                             
                             
Personnel Expenses    Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             

Wages and salaries

        5,267        4,868        4,108  

Social security costs

        784        733        683  

Defined contribution plan expense

     25        87        84        63  

Defined benefit plan expense

     25        67        57        58  

Other personnel expenses

        516        531        498  
Total                   6,722                  6,273                  5,410  

 

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The breakdown of the average number of employees in the BBVA Group in the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 by professional categories and geographical areas, is as follows:

 

     Average Number of Employees  
                      
Average Number of Employees
by Geographical Areas
   2016      2015      2014  
Spanish banks         

Management Team

     1,044        1,026        1,079  

Other line personnel

     23,211        22,702        21,452  

Clerical staff

     3,730        4,033        3,793  

Branches abroad

     718        747        758  
Subtotal (*)      28,703        28,508        27,081  
Companies abroad         

Mexico

     30,378        29,711        28,798  

United States

     9,710        9,969        10,193  

Turkey (*)

     23,900        11,814        -  

Venezuela

     5,097        5,183        5,221  

Argentina

     6,041        5,681        5,368  

Colombia

     5,714        5,628        5,464  

Peru

     5,455        5,357        5,312  

Other

     5,037        4,676        4,829  
Subtotal      91,332        78,019        65,184  
Pension fund managers      335        332        278  
Other non-banking companies      16,307        17,337        16,695  
Total            136,677              124,196              109,239  
Of Which:         

Men

     62,738        57,841        51,724  

Women

     73,939        66,355        57,515  
Of Which:         

BBVA, S.A.

     25,979        25,475        27,062  

 

  (*)

Increases due to changes of scope (see Note 3).

The breakdown of the number of employees in the BBVA Group as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 by category and gender, is as follows:

 

Number of Employees at the period end    2016      2015      2014  
Professional Category and Gender    Male      Female      Male      Female      Male      Female  

Management Team

     1,331        350        1,493        365        1,579        358  

Other line personnel

     38,514        39,213        38,204        38,868        24,103        21,845  

Clerical staff

     22,066        33,318        23,854        35,184        25,601        35,284  
Total          61,911            72,881            63,551            74,417            51,283            57,487  

 

44.1.1

Share-based employee remuneration

The amounts recognized under the heading “Administration costs - Personnel expenses” in the consolidated income statements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 corresponding to the plans for remuneration based on equity instruments in each year, amounted to 57, 38 and 68 million, respectively. These amounts have been recognized with a corresponding entry under the heading “Shareholders’ funds - Other equity instruments” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, net of tax effect.

The characteristics of the Group’s remuneration plans based on equity instruments are described below.

 

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System of Variable Remuneration in Shares

In BBVA, the annual variable remuneration applying to all employees consists of a one incentive only, paid in cash, awarded once a year and linked to the achievement of previously established goals and to a sound risk management based on the design of incentives that are aligned with the company’s long-term interests and that take into account current and future risks (hereinafter, the “Annual Variable Remuneration”).

Nevertheless, the remuneration policy of the BBVA Group, in force since 2015, has a specific settlement and payment scheme of the Annual Variable Remuneration applicable to those employees, including the executive directors and members of the BBVA Senior Management, performing professional activities that may have a significant impact on the risk profile of the Group or engaged in control functions (hereinafter, the “Identified Staff”), that includes, among others, the payment in shares of part of their Annual Variable Remuneration.

This remuneration policy was approved for the directors by the Annual General Meeting, March 13, 2015.

The specific settlement and payment scheme for the Annual Variable Remuneration of executive directors and members of the Senior Management is described in Note 54, while the rules listed below are applicable to the rest of the Identified Staff:

 

·  

The Annual Variable Remuneration of members of the Identified Staff will be paid in equal parts in cash and BBVA shares.

 

·  

The payment of 40% of the Annual Variable Remuneration, - 50% in the case of the executive directors and the members of the Senior Management - both in cash and in shares, will be deferred in its entirety for three years. Its accrual and payment will be subject to compliance with a series of multi-year indicators related to share performance and the Group’s basic control and risk management metrics measuring solvency, liquidity and profitability, which will be calculated throughout the deferral period (hereinafter “Multi-year Performance Indicators”). These Multi-year Performance Indicators may lead to a reduction in the amount deferred, and might even bring it down to zero, but they will not be used under any circumstances to increase the aforementioned deferred remuneration.

 

·  

All the shares delivered to these beneficiaries would be unavailable for a period of time after they have vested, according to the rules explained in the previous paragraph. This withholding will be applied against the net amount of the shares, after deducting any tax accruing on the shares received.

 

·  

A prohibition is also established against hedging with unavailable vested shares and shares pending reception.

 

·  

Moreover, circumstances have been established in which the payment of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration may be limited or impeded (“malus” clauses), as well as the adjustment to update these deferred parts.

 

·  

Finally, the variable component of the remuneration corresponding to any one financial year of those in the Identified Staff will be limited to an upper threshold of 100% of the fixed component of the total remuneration, unless the General Meeting should resolve to raise this limit which, in any event, may not exceed 200% of the fixed component of the total remuneration.

In this regard, the Annual General Meeting held on March 14, 2014 resolved, in line with applicable legislation, the application of the maximum level of variable remuneration up to 200% of the fixed remuneration for a specific group of employees whose professional activities have a material impact on the Group’s risk profile or are engaged in control functions. Additionally, the General Meeting held on March 13, 2015, resolved to enlarge this group, whose variable remuneration will be subject to the maximum threshold of 200% of the fixed component of their total remuneration. This is entirely consistent with the Recommendations Report issued by the BBVA’s Board of Directors on February 3, 2015.

According to the settlement and payment scheme mentioned above, in 2016 a number of 5,187,750 shares corresponding to the initial payment of 2015 Annual Variable Remuneration were delivered to the beneficiary members of the Identified Staff.

Additionally, the remuneration policy prevailing until 2014 provided a specific settlement and payment scheme for the variable remuneration of the Identified Staff that established a deferral period of three years for the Annual Variable Remuneration, being the deferred amount paid in thirds over this period.

According to this prior scheme, in 2016 the shares corresponding to the deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration paid in shares from previous years, and their corresponding adjustments in cash, were delivered to the beneficiary members of the Identified Staff, giving rise in 2016, of a total of 945,053 shares corresponding to the first deferred third of the 2014 Annual Variable Remuneration were granted, and 349,670 as adjustments

 

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for updates of the shares granted; a total of 438,082 shares corresponding to the second deferred third of the 2013 Annual Variable Remuneration, and 340,828 in adjustments for updates; and a total of 502,622 shares corresponding to the final third of the 2012 Annual Variable Remuneration, with 551,879 in adjustments for updates.

Likewise, in 2016 the Identified Staff received the shares corresponding to the deferred parts of the long-term incentive programmes in the United States, as outlined below:

When the term of the Long-Term Incentive 2010-2012 Plan for the BBVA Compass Management Team ended, on December 31, 2012, it was settled pursuant to the conditions established when it began.

For those beneficiaries of this programme who are members of the Identified Staff, it was agreed that the same settlement and payment rules would be applied mentioned above, in line with the remuneration policy in force prior to 2015 which established a payment of the deferred amount in thirds over the deferral period.

Thus, in 2016 those beneficiaries who are members of the Identified Staff in BBVA Compass have been awarded 6,314 shares, corresponding to the last third of the deferred part of the shares resulting from the settlement of the 2010-2012 Long-Term Incentive Share Plan, and 6,933 in the adjustment to the updated share value.

Additionally, BBVA Compass’ remuneration structure includes long-term incentive programmes for remuneration in shares for employees in certain key positions. These plans run over a three-year term. On December 31, 2016 there is one programme in force (2014-2016). In 2016, 206,190 shares corresponding to this programme were delivered.

 

44.2

Other administrative expenses

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Other Administrative Expenses    2016      2015      2014  
                      

Technology and systems

     673        625        585  

Communications

     294        281        271  

Advertising

     398        387        333  

Property, fixtures and materials

     1,080        1,030        916  

Of which: Rent expenses (*)

     616        591        461  

Taxes other than income tax

     433        466        418  

Other expenses

     1,766        1,775        1,480  
Total                4,644                  4,563                  4,004  

 

  (*)

The consolidated companies do not expect to terminate the lease contracts early.

 

45.

Depreciation

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Depreciation    Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             
Tangible assets      17        690        641        611  

For own use

        667        615        589  

Investment properties

        23        25        22  

Assets leased out under financial lease

        -        -        -  
Other Intangible assets      18.2        735        631        535  
Total                   1,426                  1,272                  1,145  

 

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46.

Provisions or reversal of provisions

In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the net provisions registered in this income statement line item were as follows:

 

          Millions of Euros  
                           
                           
Provisions or reversal of provisions    Notes    2016      2015      2014  
                           
Pensions and other post employment defined benefit obligations    25      332        592        816  
Other long term employee benefits         -        -        -  
Commitments and guarantees given         56        10        14  
Pending legal issues and tax litigation    24      76        (25)        94  
Other Provisions          24            722        154        218  
Total                 1,186                731                1,142  

 

47.

Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss

The breakdown of Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not measured at fair value through profit or loss by the nature of those assets in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

           

Millions of Euros

 

 
                             

Impairment or reversal of impairment on financial assets not

measured at fair value through profit or loss

   Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             
Financial assets measured at cost         -        -        -  
Available-for-sale financial assets      12        202        24        35  

Debt securities

        157        1        19  

Other equity instruments

        46        23        17  
Loans and receivables      7.3.5        3,597        4,248        4,304  

Of which: Recovery of written-off assets

       7.3.5          541        490        443  
Held to maturity investments         1        -        -  
Total                 3,801                4,272                4,340  

 

48.

Impairment or reversal of impairment on non-financial assets

The impairment losses on non-financial assets broken down by the nature of those assets in the accompanying consolidated income statements are as follows:

 

            Millions of Euros  
                             
                             
Impairment or reversal of impairment on non-financial assets    Notes      2016      2015      2014  
                             

Tangible assets

     17        143        60        97  

Intangible assets

       18.2          3        4        8  

Others

        375        209        192  
Total                    521                   273                   297  

 

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49.

Gains (losses) on derecognition of non financial assets and subsidiaries, net

The breakdown of the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      

Gains or losses on derecognition of non-financial assets and

 

investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates, net

   2016      2015      2014  
                      
Gains         

Disposal of investments in subsidiaries

     111        23        28  

Disposal of tangible assets and other

     64        71        38  
Losses:         

Disposal of investments in subsidiaries

     (58      (2,222      -  

Disposal of tangible assets and other

     (47      (7      (20
Total                      70              (2,135                      46  

During 2015, the heading “Losses – Disposal of investments in subsidiaries” included, mainly, the fair value measurement of its previously acquired stake in Garanti Group because of the change in the consolidation method (see Note 3).

 

50.

Profit or loss from non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued operations

The main items included in the balance under this heading in the accompanying consolidated income statements are as follows:

 

           Millions of Euros  
                            

Profit or loss from non-current assets and disposal groups

 

classified as held for sale not qualifying as discontinued

 

operations

  Notes        2016      2015      2014  

Gains on sale of real estate

       66        97        (5

Impairment of non-current assets held for sale

    21          (136      (285      (406

Gains on sale of investments classified as non current assets held for sale

                   39                    45                    (42

Gains on sale of equity instruments classified as non current assets held for sale (*)

       -        877        -  
Total        (31      734        (453

 

  (*)

Includes various sales in CNCB (see Note 3)

 

51.

Consolidated statements of cash flows

Cash flows from operating activities decreased in the year ended December 31, 2016 by 16,478 million (compared with an increase of 29,289 million in 2015, respectively). The most significant reason for the change occurred under the heading “Financial liabilities at amortized cost”.

The variances in cash flows from investing activities increased in the year ended December 31, 2016 by 3,851 million (compared with a decrease of 3,260 million in 2015, respectively). The most significant reason for the change occurred under the heading “Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates”.

The variances in cash flows from financing activities decreased in the year ended December 31, 2016 by 1,240 million (compared with a decrease of 3,030 million in 2015, respectively). The most significant reason for the change occurred under the heading “Financial liabilities at amortized cost”.

 

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52.

Accountant fees and services

The details of the fees for the services contracted by entities of the BBVA Group in the year ended December 31, 2016 with their respective auditors and other audit entities are as follows:

 

      Millions of Euros  
     
     
Fees for Audits Conducted   2016
     
Audits of the companies audited by firms belonging to the Deloitte worldwide organization and other reports related with the audit (*)   26.5 
Other reports required pursuant to applicable legislation and tax regulations issued by the national supervisory bodies of the countries in which the Group operates, reviewed by firms belonging to the Deloitte worldwide organization   3.6 
Fees for audits conducted by other firms   0.8 

 

  (*)

Including fees pertaining to annual statutory audits (20.7 million in 2016).

In the year ended December 31, 2016, other entities in the BBVA Group contracted other services (other than audits) as follows:

 

      Millions of Euros  
     
     
Other Services Contracted   2016
     
Firms belonging to the Deloitte worldwide organization   1.1 
Other firms   30.1 

The services provided by the auditors meet the independence requirements established under Audit of Accounts Law RD 1/2011 and under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); accordingly they do not include the performance of any work that is incompatible with the auditing function.

 

53.

Related-party transactions

As financial institutions, BBVA and other entities in the Group engage in transactions with related parties in the normal course of their business. All of these transactions are not material and are carried out under normal market conditions. As date of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, the following are the transactions with related parties:

 

53.1

Transactions with significant shareholders

As of December 31, 2016, there were no shareholders considered significant (see Note 26).

 

53.2

Transactions with BBVA Group entities

The balances of the main aggregates in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets arising from the transactions carried out by the BBVA Group with associates and joint venture entities accounted for using the equity method are as follows:

 

     Millions of euros  
                      
                      
Balances arising from transactions with Entities of the Group    2016      2015      2014  
                      
Assets:         

Loans and advances to credit institutions

     69        109        835  

Loans and advances to customers

     442        710        639  
Liabilities:         

Deposits from credit institutions

     1        2        144  

Customer deposits

     533        449        332  

Debt certificates

        
Memorandum accounts:         

Financial guarantees given

               1,586                  1,671                      162  

Contingent commitments

     42        28        108  

 

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The balances of the main aggregates in the accompanying consolidated income statements resulting from transactions with associates and joint venture entities that are accounted for under the equity method are as follows:

 

     Millions of euros  
                      

Balances of Income Statement arising from transactions with

 

Entities of the Group

   2016      2015      2014  
Income statement:         

Financial incomes

     26        53        55  

Financial costs

     1        1        7  

Fee and Commission Income

     5        5        6  

Fee and Commission Expenses

                     58                        55                        71  

There were no other material effects in the consolidated financial statements arising from dealings with these entities, other than the effects from using the equity method (see Note 2.1) and from the insurance policies to cover pension or similar commitments, as described in Note 25; and the futures transactions arranged by BBVA Group with these entities, associates and joint ventures.

In addition, as part of its normal activity, the BBVA Group has entered into agreements and commitments of various types with shareholders of subsidiaries and associates, which have no material effects on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

 

53.3

Transactions with members of the Board of Directors and Senior Management

The information on the remuneration of the members of the BBVA Board of Directors and Senior Management is included in Note 54.

As of December 31, 2016, there were no loans granted by the Group’s entities to the members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against the loans by the Group’s entities to the members of the Board of Directors was 200 and 235 thousand, respectively. The amount availed against the loans by the Group’s entities to the members of Senior Management on those same dates (excluding the executive directors) amounted to 5,573, 6,641 and 4,614 thousand, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, there were no loans granted to parties related to the members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2015, the amount availed against the loans to parties related to the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors was 10,000 thousand, and as of December 31, 2014 there were no loans granted to parties related to the members of the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against the loans to parties related to members of the Senior Management amounted to 98, 113 and 291 thousand, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 no guarantees had been granted to any member of the Board of Directors.

As of December 31, 2016, the amount availed against guarantees arranged with members of the Senior Management totaled 28 thousand. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 no guarantees had been granted to any member of the Senior Management

As of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the amount availed against commercial loans and guarantees arranged with parties related to the members of the Bank’s Board of Directors and the Senior Management totaled 8, 1,679 and 419 thousand, respectively.

 

53.4

Transactions with other related parties

In the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the Group did not conduct any transactions with other related parties that are not in the ordinary course of its business, which were carried out at arm’s-length market conditions and of marginal relevance; whose information is not necessary to give a true picture of the BBVA Group’s consolidated net equity, result of operations and financial condition.

 

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54.

Remuneration and other benefits received by the Board of Directors and members of the Bank’s Senior Management

·    Remuneration of non-executive directors received in 2016

The remuneration paid to the non-executive members of the Board of Directors during 2016 is indicated below. The figures are given individually for each non-executive director and itemised:

 

   

Thousands of Euros

 

Remuneration for non-executive

directors

  Board of
   Directors   
 

Executive

   Committee   

 

Audit &

   Compliance   

Committee

 

Risks

   Committee   

 

   Remuneration   

Committee

 

   Appointments   

Committee

 

   Technology and   

Cybersecurity

Committee

          Total      

Tomás Alfaro Drake

  129   -   71   -   11   102   25   338 

José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

  129   -   179   107   -   31   -   445 

José Antonio Fernández Rivero

  129   125   -   53   32   10   -   350 

Belén Garijo López

  129   -   71   -   32   -   -   232 

Sunir Kumar Kapoor (1)

  107   -   -   -   -   -   25   132 

Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

  129   125   18   80   27   -   -   379 

Lourdes Máiz Carro

  129   -   71   -   -   31   -   231 

José Maldonado Ramos

  129   167   -   -   -   41   -   336 

José Luis Palao García-Suelto

  129   -   -   107   32   10   -   278 

Juan Pi Llorens

  129   -   54   27   91   -   25   325 

Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

  129   167   -   107   -   41   -   443 

James Andrew Stott (2)

  107   -   -   160   32   -   25   325 
Total (3)   1,502   584   464   642   257   265   100   3,813 

 

(1)

Sunir Kumar Kappor was appointed director upon resolution of the General Meeting held on 11 March 2016.

 

(2)

James Andrew Stott was appointed director upon resolution of the General Meeting held on 11 March 2016.

 

(3)

Includes the amounts as members of the different Committees during 2016. The composition of the Committees was changed in 31 March 2016.

 

  

In addition, Ramón Bustamante y de la Mora and Ignacio Ferrero Jordi, who ceased as directors on 11 March 2016, received in 2016 the total amount of 70 thousand and 85 thousand, respectively, as members of the Board of Directors and the different Board Committees.

Moreover, during 2016, 132 thousand was paid in healthcare and casualty insurance premiums for non-executive members of the Board of Directors.

·    Remuneration of executive directors received in 2016

The remuneration scheme for the executive directors is in line with the general model applicable to BBVA senior managers. This comprises a fixed remuneration and a variable remuneration, which is in turn made up of a single incentive (hereinafter the “Annual Variable Remuneration”).

Thus, during 2016, the executive directors were paid the amount of fixed remuneration corresponding to that year and the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to 2015, paid during the first quarter of the year 2016, according to the settlement and payment system set out in the current Remuneration Policy for BBVA Directors as approved by the General Meeting held on 13 March 2015 (hereinafter, the “Settlement and Payment System”). The Settlement and Payment System provides that:

 

  ·

The Annual Variable Remuneration will be paid in equal parts in cash and in BBVA shares.

 

  ·

50% of the Annual Variable Remuneration, in cash and in shares, will be deferred in its entirety for a three-year period, and its accrual and vesting shall be subject to compliance with a series of multi-year indicators.

 

  ·

All the shares vested under the rules explained in the previous paragraphs would be unavailable for the period of time determined by the Board of Directors, as from the respective vesting. This withholding will be applied with respect to the net amount of the shares, after discounting the necessary part to pay the tax accruing on the shares received.

 

  ·

No hedging strategies may be carried out on the shares received and unavailable or on the shares pending to be received.

 

  ·

Moreover, circumstances have been established in which disbursement of the Annual Variable Remuneration may be limited or impeded (“malus” clauses).

 

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  ·

The deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration would be adjusted to update them under the terms established by the Board of Directors.

Likewise, in application of the settlement and payment system of the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to years 2014, 2013 and 2012, under the applicable policy for those years, the executive directors have received the deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration corresponding to those years, which vested in the first quarter of year 2016.

Pursuant to the above, the remuneration paid to the executive directors during 2016 is shown below. The figures are given individually for each executive director and itemised:

 

Thousands of Euros
Remuneration of executive directors  

Fixed

   Remuneration   

 

2015 Annual

Variable

 Remuneration in 

cash (1)

 

Deferred

variable

 remuneration in 

cash (2)

        Total Cash        

2015 Annual

Variable

   Remuneration in   

BBVA shares (1)

 

   Deferred Variable   

Remuneration in

BBVA shares (2)

        Total Shares      

Group Executive Chairman

  1,966   897   893   3,756   135,300   103,112   238,412 

Chief Executive Officer (*)

  1,923   530   240   2,693   79,956   27,823   107,779 

Head of Global Economics, Regulation & Public Affairs (“Head of GERPA”)

  800   98   47   945   14,815   5,449   20,264 
Total   4,689   1,526   1,180   7,394   230,071   136,384   366,455 

 

  (*)

The variable remuneration paid to the Chief Executive Officer, who was appointed for said position on 4 May 2015, includes as well the remuneration vested as Digital Banking Officer during the period in which he held this position (4 months).

 

  (1)

Amounts corresponding to 50% of 2015 Annual Variable Remuneration.

 

  (2)

Amounts corresponding to the sum of the deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014, 2013 and 2012), and their respective cash adjustments; payment or delivery of which was made in 2016, in application of the settlement and payment system, as broken down below:

- 1st third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2014

Under this item, the executive directors received: 302 thousand and 37,392 BBVA shares in the case of the Group Executive Chairman; 95 thousand and 11,766 BBVA shares in the case of the Chief Executive Officer; and 30 thousand and 3,681 BBVA shares in the case of the executive director Head of GERPA.

- 2nd third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2013

Under this item, the executive directors received 289 thousand and 29,557 BBVA shares in the case of the Group Executive Chairman; 78 thousand and 7,937 BBVA shares in the case of the Chief Executive Officer; and 17 thousand and 1,768 BBVA shares in the case of the executive director Head of GERPA.

- 3rd third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2012

Under this item, the Group Executive Chairman received 301 thousand and 36,163 BBVA shares, while the Chief Executive Officer received 68 thousand and 8,120 BBVA shares.

The executive directors will receive, during the first quarter of each of the next two years, the deferred amounts that in each case correspond in application of the settlement of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014 and 2013), and subject to the conditions established in the applicable settlement and payment system.

Likewise, during 2016, the executive directors received payment in kind, including insurance premiums and others, amounting to an overall total of 240 thousand, of which 17 thousand were paid to the Group Executive Chairman; 139 thousand to the Chief Executive Officer; and 84 thousand to the executive director Head of GERPA.

·    Annual Variable Remuneration for executive directors for the year 2016

Following year-end 2016, the Annual Variable Remuneration for the executive directors corresponding to that year has been determined applying the conditions established for that purpose at the beginning of that year, as set forth in the Remuneration Policy for BBVA Directors as approved by the General Meeting held on 13 March 2015. Consequently, during the first quarter of 2017, the executive directors will receive 50% of the 2016 Annual Variable Remuneration, in equal parts in cash and in shares, i.e., 734 thousand and 114,204 BBVA shares in the case of the Group Executive Chairman; 591 thousand and 91,915 BBVA shares the case of the Chief Executive Officer; and 89 thousand and 13,768 BBVA shares the case of the executive director Head of GERPA.

The remaining 50%, in cash and in shares, will be deferred for a three-year period, and its accrual and vesting will be subject to compliance with multi-year indicators established by the Board of Directors at the beginning of the

 

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year. Based on the result of each multi-year indicator during the deferred period and applying the performance scales assigned to each of them and their weightings, the final deferred amount of the Annual Variable Remuneration will be determined after the deferred period. The deferred Annual Variable Remuneration may be reduced and even reach zero, but in no event may be increased. To these effect, the maximum amounts that could be received during the first quarter of 2020 are: 734 thousand and 114,204 BBVA shares the case of the Group Executive Chairman; 591 thousand and 91,915 BBVA shares the case of the Chief Executive Officer; and 89 thousand and 13,768 BBVA shares the case of the executive director Head of GERPA; all subject to the settlement and payment conditions established in the Remuneration Policy for BBVA Directors.

These amounts are recorded under the item “Other Liabilities” of the balance sheet at 31 December 2016.

·    Remuneration of the members of the Senior Management received in 2016

During 2016, the remuneration paid to the members of BBVA’s Senior Management as a whole, excluding executive directors, is shown below (itemised):

 

Thousands of Euros
Remuneration of members of the Senior Management  

Fixed

   Remuneration   

 

2015 Annual

Variable

 Remuneration in 

cash (1)

 

Deferred

Variable

 Remuneration in 

cash (2)

        Total Cash        

2015 Annual

Variable

   Remuneration in   

BBVA Shares (1)

 

   Deferred Variable   

Remuneration in

BBVA Shares (2)

        Total Shares      

Total Members of the Senior Management (*)

  11,115   2,457   1,343   14,915   370,505   155,746   526,251 

(*) This section includes aggregate information regarding the members of BBVA Group’s Senior Management, excluding executive directors, who were members of the Senior Management as of 31 December 2016 (14 members).

(1) Amounts corresponding to 50% of 2015 Annual Variable Remuneration.

(2) Amounts corresponding to the sum of the deferred parts of the Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014, 2013, and 2012), and their corresponding cash adjustments; payment or delivery of which was made in 2016, to the members of the Senior Management who had generated this right, as broken down below:

- 1st third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2014

Overall amount of 515 thousand and 63,862 BBVA shares.

- 2nd third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2013

Overall amount of 434 thousand and 44,426 BBVA shares.

- 3rd third of deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from 2012

Overall amount of 395 thousand and 47,458 BBVA shares.

During the first quarter of each of the next two years, under the applicable settlement and payment system of the variable remuneration, all members of the Senior Management will receive the corresponding amounts, stemming from the settlement of the deferred Annual Variable Remuneration from previous years (2014 and 2013), and subject to the conditions established in this system.

Moreover, during 2016, all members of the Senior Management, with the exception of the executive directors, received remuneration in kind, including insurance premiums and others, for a total overall amount of 664 thousand.

·    System of remuneration in shares with deferred delivery for non-executive directors

BBVA has a remuneration system in shares with deferred delivery for its non-executive directors, which was approved by the General Meeting held on 18 March 2006 and extended under General Meeting resolutions dated 11 March 2011 and 11 March 2016, for a further 5-year period in each case.

This System is based on the annual allocation to non-executive directors of a number of “theoretical shares”, equivalent to 20% of the total remuneration in cash received by each of them in the previous year, according to the closing prices of the BBVA share during the sixty trading sessions prior to the Annual General Meeting approving the corresponding financial statements for each year.

These shares, where applicable, will be delivered to each beneficiary on the date they leave the position as director for any reason other than dereliction of duty.

The number of “theoretical shares” allocated in 2016 to the non-executive directors beneficiaries of the system of remuneration in shares with deferred delivery, corresponding to 20% of the total remuneration received in cash by said directors during 2015, is as follows:

 

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  Theoretical shares  

allocated in 2016

 

   Theoretical shares  

 accumulated to

 31st December

 2016

Tomás Alfaro Drake

  11,363    62,452 

José Miguel Andrés Torrecillas

  9,808    9,808 

José Antonio Fernández Rivero

  12,633    91,046 

Belén Garijo López

  6,597    19,463 

Carlos Loring Martínez de Irujo

  10,127    74,970 

Lourdes Máiz Carro

  5,812    8,443 

José Maldonado Ramos

  11,669    57,233 

José Luis Palao García-Suelto

  11,070    51,385 

Juan Pi Llorens

  9,179    32,374 

Susana Rodríguez Vidarte

  14,605    78,606 
Total (1)   102,863    485,780 

 

  (1)

In addition, in 2016, Ramón Bustamante y de la Mora and Ignacio Ferrero Jordi, who ceased as directors on 11 March 2016, were allocated 8,709 and 11,151 theoretical shares, respectively.

·    Pension commitments

The commitments undertaken regarding pension benefits for the Chief Executive Officer and the executive director Head of GERPA, pursuant to the Company Bylaws and their respective contracts with the Bank include a pension system covering retirement, disability and death.

The Chief Executive Officer’s contractual conditions determine that he will retain the pension system to which he was entitled previously as senior manager in the Group, with the benefits and the provisions being adjusted to the new remuneration conditions derived from the position that he currently holds.

The executive director Head of GERPA retains the same pension system he has had since his appointment in 2013, which comprises a defined-contributions system of 20% per year over the fixed remuneration received during that period to cover retirement commitments and provisions covering death and disability.

To such end, the provisions recorded as of 31 December 2016 to cover pension commitments undertaken for the Chief Executive Officer amounted to 16,051 thousand, of which, during 2016 and according to applicable accounting regulations, 2,342 thousand have been provisioned against earnings of the year and 836 thousand against equity, in order to adapt the interest rate assumption used for the valuation of pension commitments in Spain. In the case of the executive director Head of GERPA, the provisions recorded as of 31 December 2016 amounted to 609 thousand, of which 310 have been provisioned against earnings of the year. In both cases, these amounts include the provisions covering retirement, as well as death and disability.

There are no other pension obligations in favour of other executive directors.

The provisions recorded as of 31 December 2016 for pension commitments for members of the Senior Management, excluding executive directors, amounted to 46,299 thousand, of which, during 2016 and according to applicable accounting regulations, 4,895 thousand have been provisioned against earnings of the year and 2,226 thousand against equity, in order to adapt the interest rate assumption used for the valuation of pension commitments in Spain. These amounts include the provisions covering retirement, as well as death and disability.

As a result of the entry into force of Circular 2/2016, of the Bank of Spain to the credit institutions, 15% of the annual contributions agreed to pension systems determined on the basis of the vesting estimated for the financial year corresponding to executive directors and BBVA’s senior managers, will be based on variable components and will be considered as discretionary pension benefits, and in consequence will be deemed as deferred variable remuneration, subject to the payment and retention conditions provided in the applicable regulations, as well as malus arrangements and other applicable conditions established to the variable remuneration in the Remuneration Policy for BBVA’s Directors.

 

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·    Extinction of contractual relationship

The Bank has no commitments to pay severance indemnity to executive directors other than to the executive director Head of GERPA, whose contract includes, as of 31 December 2016, his right to receive an indemnity equivalent to two times his fixed remuneration should he cease to hold his position on grounds other than his own will, death, retirement, disability or dereliction of duty.

The contractual conditions of the Chief Executive Officer with regard to his pension arrangements determine that, as of 31 December 2016, in the event of his ceasing to hold his position on grounds other than his own will, retirement, disability or dereliction of duty, he will take early retirement with a pension that he may receive as a lifelong annuity or as a capital lump sum, at his own choice. The annual amount will be calculated as a function of the provisions which, according to the actuarial criteria applicable at any time, the Bank may have made up to that date to cover the retirement pension commitments provided for in his contract, without this commitment in any way compelling the Bank to set aside additional provisions. Moreover, this pension may not be greater than 75% of the pensionable base should the event occur before he reaches the age of 55, or 85% of the pensionable base should the event occur after having reached the age of 55.

According to the proposal for a new Remuneration Policy for BBVA’s Directors to be submitted to the next Annual General Shareholders’ Meeting in 2017, if approved, the pension scheme and the extinction of contractual relationships of the executive directors, the Chief Executive Officer and the Head of GERPA will be amended for 2017 and following financial years, in the terms established under such Policy.

 

55.

Other information

 

55.1

Environmental impact

Given the activities BBVA Group entities engage in, the Group has no environmental liabilities, expenses, assets, provisions or contingencies that could have a significant effect on its consolidated equity, financial situation and profits. Consequently, as of December 31, 2016, there is no item in the Group’s accompanying consolidated financial statements that requires disclosure in an environmental information report pursuant to Ministry of Economy Order JUS/206/2009 dated January 28, and consequently no specific disclosure of information on environmental matters is included in these financial statements.

 

55.2

Reporting requirements of the Spanish National Securities Market Commission (CNMV)

Dividends paid in the year

The table below presents the dividends per share paid in cash in 2016, 2015 and 2014 (cash basis dividend, regardless of the year in which they were accrued, but without including other shareholder remuneration, such as the “Dividend Option”). See Note 4 for a complete analysis of all remuneration awarded to shareholders during 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

    2016 (*)   2015   2014

Dividends Paid

(“Dividend Option” not included)

  % Over
  Nominal  
 

  Euros per  

Share

 

Amount

 (Millions of 

Euros)

 

% Over

  Nominal  

 

  Euros per  

Share

 

Amount

 (Millions of 

Euros)

 

% Over

  Nominal  

 

  Euros per  

Share

 

Amount

 (Millions of 

Euros)

Ordinary shares

  16%    0.08    1,028    16%    0.08    504    16%    0.08    471 

Rest of shares

                 
Total dividends paid in cash   16%    0.08    1,028    16%    0.08    504    16%    0.08    471 

Dividends with charge to income

  16%    0.08    1,028    16%    0.08    504    16%    0.08    471 

Dividends with charge to reserve or share premium

                 

Dividends in kind

                 

 

  (*)

Corresponding to two payments.

 

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Earnings and ordinary income by operating segment

The detail of the consolidated profit for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 for each operating segment is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      
                      
Profit Attributable by Operating Segments    2016      2015      2014  
                      

Banking Activity in Spain

     912        1,085        858  

Real Estate Activity in Spain

     (595)        (496)        (901)  

Turkey

     599        371        310  

Rest of Eurasia

     151        75        255  

Mexico

     1,980        2,094        1,915  

South America

     771        905        1,001  

United States

     459        517        428  
Subtotal operating segments      4,276        4,551        3,867  

Corporate Center

     (801)        (1,910)        (1,249)  
Profit attributable to parent company                3,475                  2,641                  2,618  

Non-assigned income

     -        -        -  

Elimination of interim income (between segments)

     -        -        -  

Other gains (losses) (*)

     1,218        686        464  

Income tax and/or profit from discontinued operations

     (1,699)        (1,274)        (898)  
Operating profit before tax      6,392        4,603        3,980  

(*) Profit attributable to non-controlling interests.

For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the detail of the BBVA Group’s Gross income for each operating segment, which is made up of the “Interest and similar income”, “Dividend income”, “Fee and commission income”, “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)” and “Other operating income”, is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                    
                    
Gross income by Operating Segments    2016     2015     2014  
                    

Banking Activity in Spain

     6,445       6,804       6,621  

Real Estate Activity in Spain

     (6     (16     (220

Turkey (*)

     4,257       2,434       944  

Rest of Eurasia

     491       473       736  

Mexico

     6,766       7,069       6,522  

South America

     4,054       4,477       5,191  

The United States

     2,706       2,652       2,137  

Corporate Center

     (60     (212     (575

Adjustments and eliminations of ordinary profit between segments

     -       (318     (632
Total Ordinary Profit BBVA Group              24,653               23,362               20,725  

(*) The information is presented under management criteria in 2015 and 2014 (see Note 6).

 

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Interest income by geographical area

The breakdown of the balance of “Interest Income” in the accompanying consolidated income statements by geographical area is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
                      

Interest Income

 

Breakdown by Geographical Area

   2016      2015      2014  
Domestic      5,962        6,275        7,073  
Foreign      21,745        18,507        15,765  

European Union

     291        387        369  

Other OECD countries

     17,026        13,666        9,492  

Other countries

     4,429        4,454        5,904  
Total              27,708                24,783                22,838  

 

56.

Subsequent events

The interim dividend approved on December 21, 2016 was paid out on January 12, 2017, as detailed in Note 4.

On February 1, 2017, BBVA’s shareholder remuneration policy for 2017 was announced (see Note 4).

On March 22, 2017, BBVA acquired 41,790,000,000 shares (in the aggregate) of Turkiye Garanti Bankasi A.S. (“Garanti”) from Dogus Holding A.S. and Dogus Arastirma Gelistirme ve Musavirlik Hizmetleri A.S., under certain agreements entered into on February 21, 2017 amounting to 9.95% of the total issued share capital of Garanti, at a purchase price of 7.95 Turkish Liras (“TL”) per share (approximately 3,322 million TL or 859 million in the aggregate). From January 1, 2017 to the date of preparation of these consolidated financial statements, no other subsequent events not mentioned above in these financial statements have taken place that could significantly affect the Group’s earnings or its equity position.

 

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LOGO

Appendices

 

 

 

 

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APPENDIX I Additional information on consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated structured entities composing the BBVA Group

 

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and consolidated structured entities composing the BBVA Group

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

4D INTERNET SOLUTIONS, INC   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   23   24   1   26   (3)
ACTIVOS MACORP, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   50.63   49.37   100.00   2   90   87   2   2
ALCALA 120 PROMOC. Y GEST.IMMOB. S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   14   23   9   14   -
ALGARVETUR, S.L. (**)(***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   19   41   (21)   (1)
AMERICAN FINANCE GROUP, INC.   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   20   20   -   20   -
ANIDA DESARROLLOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   49   467   411   65   (10)
ANIDA GERMANIA IMMOBILIEN ONE, GMBH   GERMANY   IN LIQUIDATION   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   -   1   -
ANIDA GRUPO INMOBILIARIO, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   -   1,507   1,656   244   (393)
ANIDA INMOBILIARIA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   166   119   -   116   3
ANIDA OPERACIONES SINGULARES, S.A. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   (105)   4,097   4,195   241   (339)
ANIDA PROYECTOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   94   107   14   85   9
ANIDAPORT INVESTIMENTOS IMOBILIARIOS, UNIPESSOAL, LTDA   PORTUGAL   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   31   103   96   12   (5)
APLICA SOLUCIONES TECNOLOGICAS CHILE LIMITADA   CHILE   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
APLICA TECNOLOGIA AVANZADA OPERADORA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   4   14   9   -   4
APLICA TECNOLOGIA AVANZADA SERVICIOS, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   3   2   -   -
APLICA TECNOLOGIA AVANZADA, S.A. DE C.V.- ATA   MEXICO   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   203   340   137   194   9
AREA TRES PROCAM, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   5   5   -   -
ARIZONA FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, INC   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   928   928   -   928   -
ARRAHONA AMBIT, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   66   103   (31)   (5)
ARRAHONA IMMO, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   53   234   101   103   30
ARRAHONA NEXUS, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   213   322   (110)   2
ARRAHONA RENT, S.L.U.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   9   9   -   10   (1)
ARRELS CT FINSOL, S.A. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   278   368   (76)   (15)
ARRELS CT LLOGUER, S.A. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   48   61   (6)   (6)
ARRELS CT PATRIMONI I PROJECTES, S.A. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   121   157   (33)   (3)
ARRELS CT PROMOU, S.A. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   38   50   (10)   (2)
AUMERAVILLA, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   2   2   -   2   -
BAHIA SUR RESORT, S.C.   SPAIN   INACTIVE   99.95   -   99.95   1   1   -   1   -
BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA (PORTUGAL), S.A.   PORTUGAL   BANKING   100.00   -   100.00   230   4,028   3,808   218   2
BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA CHILE, S.A.   CHILE   BANKING   -   68.19   68.19   827   19,508   18,295   1,106   107
BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA URUGUAY, S.A.   URUGUAY   BANKING   100.00   -   100.00   110   3,051   2,861   193   (4)
BANCO CONTINENTAL, S.A.   PERU   BANKING   -   46.12   46.12   913   22,269   20,290   1,621   358
BANCO DE PROMOCION DE NEGOCIOS, S.A.   SPAIN   BANKING   -   99.86   99.86   15   19   -   19   -
BANCO INDUSTRIAL DE BILBAO, S.A.   SPAIN   BANKING   -   99.93   99.93   97   139   2   112   24
BANCO OCCIDENTAL, S.A.   SPAIN   BANKING   49.43   50.57   100.00   17   18   -   18   -
BANCO PROVINCIAL OVERSEAS N.V.   CURAÇAO   BANKING   -   100.00   100.00   52   435   383   50   2
BANCO PROVINCIAL S.A. - BANCO UNIVERSAL   VENEZUELA   BANKING   1.46   53.75   55.21   80   917   814   138   (35)
BANCOMER FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   3   -   2   -
BANCOMER FOREIGN EXCHANGE INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   10   10   -   6   4
BANCOMER PAYMENT SERVICES INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   2   1   -   1

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) These companies have equity loans from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(***) These companies have equity loans from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

(****) This company has an equity loan from ANIDA GRUPO INMOBILIARIO, S.L.

(*****) These companies have an equity loan from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A

     

 

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Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the

BBVA Group (Continued)

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

BANCOMER TRANSFER SERVICES, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   49   101   52   37   13
BBV AMERICA, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   479   991   -   981   10
BBVA ASESORIAS FINANCIERAS, S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   3   1   1   1
BBVA ASSET MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRADORA GENERAL DE FONDOS S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   15   18   3   9   6
BBVA ASSET MANAGEMENT CONTINENTAL S.A. SAF   PERU   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   15   17   2   12   3
BBVA ASSET MANAGEMENT, S.A. SOCIEDAD FIDUCIARIA (BBVA FIDUCIARIA)   COLOMBIA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   30   33   3   25   6
BBVA ASSET MANAGEMENT, S.A., SGIIC   SPAIN   OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES   17.00   83.00   100.00   38   154   84   36   35
BBVA AUTOMERCANTIL, COMERCIO E ALUGER DE VEICULOS AUTOMOVEIS,LDA.   PORTUGAL   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   5   18   13   5   -
BBVA AUTORENTING, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   69   447   402   33   12
BBVA BANCO FRANCES, S.A.   ARGENTINA   BANKING   45.61   30.34   75.95   157   9,008   8,016   769   223
BBVA BANCOMER GESTION, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   21   36   15   8   13
BBVA BANCOMER OPERADORA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   135   384   249   49   86
BBVA BANCOMER SEGUROS SALUD, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   20   26   7   18   2
BBVA BANCOMER SERVICIOS ADMINISTRATIVOS, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   25   130   105   20   5
BBVA BANCOMER, S.A.,INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, GRUPO FINANCIERO BBVA BANCOMER   MEXICO   BANKING   -   100.00   100.00   7,301   86,242   78,939   5,691   1,612
BBVA BRASIL BANCO DE INVESTIMENTO, S.A.   BRASIL   BANKING   100.00   -   100.00   16   39   7   32   1
BBVA BROKER, CORREDURIA DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   99.94   0.06   100.00   -   18   5   8   5
BBVA BROKER, S.A.   ARGENTINA   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   95.00   95.00   -   -   -   -   -
BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.   COLOMBIA   BANKING   77.41   18.06   95.47   355   16,391   15,049   1,168   174
BBVA COMERCIALIZADORA LTDA.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   2   4   (4)
BBVA COMPASS BANCSHARES, INC   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   11,703   12,197   128   11,735   334
BBVA COMPASS FINANCIAL CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   250   621   371   247   2
BBVA COMPASS INSURANCE AGENCY, INC   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   166   170   3   159   7
BBVA COMPASS PAYMENTS, INC   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   63   63   -   46   17
BBVA CONSOLIDAR SEGUROS, S.A.   ARGENTINA   INSURANCES SERVICES   87.78   12.22   100.00   11   154   100   16   38
BBVA CONSULTING ( BEIJING) LIMITED   CHINA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   -   2   -
BBVA CONSULTORIA, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   4   5   -   5   -
BBVA CONSUMER FINANCE ENTIDAD DE DESARROLLO A LA PEQUEÑA Y MICRO EMPRESA, EDPYME, S.A. (BBVA CONSUMER FINANCE—EDPYME)   PERU   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   17   97   81   18   (2)
BBVA CORREDORA TECNICA DE SEGUROS LIMITADA   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   8   13   5   1   7
BBVA CORREDORES DE BOLSA LIMITADA   CHILE   SECURITIES DEALER   -   100.00   100.00   62   562   500   72   (10)
BBVA DATA & ANALYTICS, S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   6   4   2   1   1
BBVA DINERO EXPRESS, S.A.U   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   2   6   2   4   -
BBVA DISTRIBUIDORA DE SEGUROS S.R.L.   URUGUAY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   4   4   -   2   2
BBVA EMISORA, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   64   75   -   75   -
BBVA FACTORING LIMITADA (CHILE)   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   10   50   40   10   -
BBVA FINANZIA, S.p.A   ITALY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   6   21   14   15   (9)
BBVA FRANCES ASSET MANAGMENT S.A. SOCIEDAD GERENTE DE FONDOS COMUNES DE INVERSIÓN.   ARGENTINA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   11   20   6   7   7
BBVA FRANCES VALORES, S.A.   ARGENTINA   SECURITIES DEALER   -   100.00   100.00   6   6   -   3   3
BBVA FUNDOS, S.GESTORA FUNDOS PENSOES,S.A.   PORTUGAL   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   -   100.00   100.00   1   18   1   15   2
BBVA GLOBAL FINANCE LTD.   CAYMAN ISLANDS   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   194   189   5   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

     

 

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Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the BBVA Group (Continued)

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

BBVA GLOBAL MARKETS B.V.   NETHERLANDS   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   1,442   1,442   -   -
BBVA INMOBILIARIA E INVERSIONES, S.A.   CHILE   REAL ESTATE   -   68.11   68.11   5   47   40   7   -
BBVA INSTITUIÇAO FINANCEIRA DE CREDITO, S.A.   PORTUGAL   FINANCIAL SERVICES   49.90   50.10   100.00   40   298   251   45   3
BBVA INTERNATIONAL PREFERRED, S.A.U.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   864   863   1   -
BBVA INVERSIONES CHILE, S.A.   CHILE   INVESTMENT COMPANY   61.22   38.78   100.00   483   1,640   2   1,507   131
BBVA IRELAND PLC   IRELAND   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   180   407   217   186   4
BBVA LEASIMO - SOCIEDADE DE LOCAÇAO FINANCEIRA, S.A.   PORTUGAL   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   8   9   -   8   -
BBVA LUXINVEST, S.A.   LUXEMBOURG   INVESTMENT COMPANY   36.00   64.00   100.00   204   213   2   210   1
BBVA MEDIACION OPERADOR DE BANCA-SEGUROS VINCULADO, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   10   203   180   13   11
BBVA NOMINEES LIMITED   UNITED KINGDOM   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
BBVA OP3N S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
BBVA OP3N, INC   UNITED STATES   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
BBVA PARAGUAY, S.A.   PARAGUAY   BANKING   100.00   -   100.00   23   1,788   1,627   136   25
BBVA PARTICIPACIONES MEJICANAS, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   99.00   1.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
BBVA PENSIONES, SA, ENTIDAD GESTORA DE FONDOS DE PENSIONES   SPAIN   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   100.00   -   100.00   13   67   32   28   7
BBVA PLANIFICACION PATRIMONIAL, S.L.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   80.00   20.00   100.00   -   1   -   1   -
BBVA PREVISION AFP S.A. ADM.DE FONDOS DE PENSIONES   BOLIVIA   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   75.00   5.00   80.00   2   23   13   6   5
BBVA PROCUREMENT SERVICES AMERICA DEL SUR SpA   CHILE   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   6   9   3   6   -
BBVA PROPIEDAD, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   914   927   10   984   (67)
BBVA RE DAC   IRELAND   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   39   76   36   30   9
BBVA REAL ESTATE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   1   -   -
BBVA RENTAS E INVERSIONES LIMITADA   CHILE   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   292   292   -   232   60
BBVA RENTING, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   5.94   94.06   100.00   21   650   556   85   9
BBVA SECURITIES INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   185   2,932   2,747   187   (1)
BBVA SEGUROS COLOMBIA, S.A.   COLOMBIA   INSURANCES SERVICES   94.00   6.00   100.00   10   83   64   14   4
BBVA SEGUROS DE VIDA COLOMBIA, S.A.   COLOMBIA   INSURANCES SERVICES   94.00   6.00   100.00   14   430   319   75   36
BBVA SEGUROS DE VIDA, S.A.   CHILE   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   70   227   156   65   5
BBVA SEGUROS GENERALES S.A.   CHILE   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   4   4   -   4   -
BBVA SEGUROS, S.A., DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS   SPAIN   INSURANCES SERVICES   99.95   -   99.95   682   16,797   15,297   1,239   260
BBVA SENIOR FINANCE, S.A.U.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   7,090   7,089   1   -
BBVA SERVICIOS CORPORATIVOS LIMITADA   CHILE   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   6   6   1   (1)
BBVA SERVICIOS, S.A.   SPAIN   COMMERCIAL   -   100.00   100.00   -   9   1   7   1
BBVA SOCIEDAD DE LEASING INMOBILIARIO, S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   97.49   97.49   27   89   62   25   3
BBVA SUBORDINATED CAPITAL S.A.U.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   1,770   1,769   1   -
BBVA SUIZA, S.A. (BBVA SWITZERLAND)   SWITZERLAND   BANKING   39.72   60.28   100.00   67   1,316   1,143   163   10
BBVA TRADE, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   13   36   23   13   -
BBVA U.S. SENIOR S.A.U.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   1   -   -   -
BBVA VALORES COLOMBIA, S.A. COMISIONISTA DE BOLSA   COLOMBIA   SECURITIES DEALER   -   100.00   100.00   4   5   1   4   -
BBVA WEALTH SOLUTIONS, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   6   6   -   5   -
BEEVA TEC OPERADORA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   1   -   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

     

 

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Table of Contents

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the BBVA Group (Continued)

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

BEEVA TEC, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   4   2   1   -
BETESE S.A DE C.V.   MEXICO   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   61   61   -   53   7
BILBAO VIZCAYA HOLDING, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   89.00   11.00   100.00   35   236   36   135   66
BLUE INDICO INVESTMENTS, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   7   25   18   7   (1)
CAIXA MANRESA IMMOBILIARIA ON CASA, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   2   5   (2)   -
CAIXA MANRESA IMMOBILIARIA SOCIAL, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   4   4   1   -
CAIXA TERRASSA SOCIETAT DE PARTICIPACIONS PREFERENTS, S.A.U.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   1   76   74   2   -
CAIXASABADELL PREFERENTS, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   -   92   90   1   -
CAIXASABADELL TINELIA, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   41   41   -   41   -
CAPITAL INVESTMENT COUNSEL, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   14   14   -   14   -
CARTERA E INVERSIONES S.A., CIA DE   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   92   108   78   21   9
CASA DE BOLSA BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SECURITIES DEALER   -   100.00   100.00   35   46   11   17   17
CATALONIA GEBIRA, S.L. (***)(****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   4   8   (3)   (1)
CATALONIA PROMODIS 4, S.A. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   9   14   (2)   (2)
CATALUNYACAIXA ASSEGURANCES GENERALS, S.A.   SPAIN   INSURANCES SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   42   47   25   17   5
CATALUNYACAIXA CAPITAL, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   101   106   10   95   1
CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   125   198   121   46   31
CATALUNYACAIXA SERVEIS, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   2   10   7   2   1
CATALUNYACAIXA VIDA, S.A.   SPAIN   INSURANCES SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   358   2,409   2,014   351   43
CB TRANSPORT ,INC.   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   18   18   -   18   -
CDD GESTIONI, S.R.L.   ITALY   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   5   6   -   6   -
CETACTIUS, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   2   22   (19)   (1)
CIDESSA DOS, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   15   15   1   14   -
CIDESSA UNO, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   5   240   150   67   24
CIERVANA, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   53   64   4   55   5
CLUB GOLF HACIENDA EL ALAMO, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   97.87   97.87   -   -   -   -   -
COMERCIALIZADORA CORPORATIVA SAC   PERU   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   50.00   50.00   -   1   1   -   -
COMERCIALIZADORA DE SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS, S.A.   COLOMBIA   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   9   7   1   -
COMPASS ASSET ACCEPTANCE COMPANY, LLC   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   463   463   -   463   -
COMPASS AUTO RECEIVABLES CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   4   4   -   4   -
COMPASS BANK   UNITED STATES   BANKING   -   100.00   100.00   11,475   86,188   74,713   11,149   327
COMPASS CAPITAL MARKETS, INC.   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   7,657   7,657   -   7,587   70
COMPASS CUSTODIAL SERVICES, INC.   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
COMPASS GP, INC.   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   46   58   11   46   -
COMPASS INVESTMENTS, INC.   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
COMPASS LIMITED PARTNER, INC.   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   6,683   6,684   1   6,613   69
COMPASS LOAN HOLDINGS TRS, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   77   77   -   76   -
COMPASS MORTGAGE CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2,969   3,006   37   2,921   49

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) These companies have an equity loan from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(***) This company has an equity loan from ARRELS CT PATRIMONI I PROYECTES, S.A.

(****) These companies have an equity loan from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A.

(*****) This company has equity loans from de BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A., EXPANSION INTERCOMARCAL, S.L. y SATICEM IMMOBILIARIA, S.L.

     

 

F-191


Table of Contents

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the BBVA Group (Continued)

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

COMPASS MORTGAGE FINANCING, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
COMPASS MULTISTATE SERVICES CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   4   4   -   4   -
COMPASS SOUTHWEST, LP   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   5,515   5,515   -   5,455   61
COMPASS TEXAS ACQUISITION CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   2   2   -   2   -
COMPASS TEXAS MORTGAGE FINANCING, INC   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
COMPASS TRUST II   UNITED STATES   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
COMPAÑIA CHILENA DE INVERSIONES, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   99.97   0.03   100.00   580   781   -   781   -
COMPLEMENTOS INNOVACIÓN Y MODA, S.L.   SPAIN   IN LIQUIDATION   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
CONJUNT RESIDENCIAL FREIXA, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   3   (1)   -
CONSOLIDAR A.F.J.P., S.A.   ARGENTINA   IN LIQUIDATION   46.11   53.89   100.00   -   3   2   1   (1)
CONSORCIO DE CASAS MEXICANAS, S.A.P.I. DE C.V.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   99.99   99.99   3   16   12   4   (1)
CONTENTS AREA, S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   6   7   1   6   -
CONTINENTAL BOLSA, SDAD. AGENTE DE BOLSA, S.A.   PERU   SECURITIES DEALER   -   100.00   100.00   6   11   5   5   1
CONTINENTAL DPR FINANCE COMPANY   CAYMAN ISLANDS   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   136   136   -   -
CONTINENTAL SOCIEDAD TITULIZADORA, S.A.   PERU   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
CONTRATACION DE PERSONAL, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   5   8   3   4   -
COPROMED S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
CORPORACION BETICA INMOBILIARIA, S.A. (***)(*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   4   20   15   5   (1)
CORPORACION GENERAL FINANCIERA, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   510   1,578   -   1,556   22
CX PROPIETAT, FII   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT COMPANY   67.94   -   67.94   35   61   -   62   (1)
DALLAS CREATION CENTER, INC   UNITED STATES   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   7   7   2   (1)
DATA ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   51.00   51.00   -   2   1   -   -
DESITEL TECNOLOGIA Y SISTEMAS, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
DEUTSCHE BANK MEXICO SA FIDEICOMISO F/1859   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   16   16   -   -
DEUTSCHE BANK MEXICO SA FIDEICOMISO F/1860   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   16   16   -   -
DISTRITO CASTELLANA NORTE, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   75.54   75.54   82   123   15   110   (2)
ECASA, S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   17   19   2   11   6
EL ENCINAR METROPOLITANO, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   99.05   99.05   6   7   -   6   -
EL MILANILLO, S.A. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   8   8   1   7   -
EMPRENDIMIENTOS DE VALOR S.A.   URUGUAY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   3   7   4   3   -
ENTRE2 SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS, E.F.C., S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   9   9   -   9   -
ESPAIS CERDANYOLA, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   97.51   97.51   -   12   15   (3)   -
ESPAIS SABADELL PROMOCIONS INMOBILIARIES, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   7   8   -   8   -
ESPANHOLA COMERCIAL E SERVIÇOS, LTDA.   BRASIL   IN LIQUIDATION   100.00   -   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
ESTACION DE AUTOBUSES CHAMARTIN, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   51.00   51.00   -   -   -   -   -
EUROPEA DE TITULIZACION, S.A., S.G.F.T.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   87.86   -   87.86   2   41   3   36   3
EXPANSION INTERCOMARCAL, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   26   27   -   26   -
F/253863 EL DESEO RESIDENCIAL   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   65.00   65.00   -   1   -   1   -
F/403035-9 BBVA HORIZONTES RESIDENCIAL   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   65.00   65.00   -   -   -   -   -
FACILEASING EQUIPMENT, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   51   411   301   90   21

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) This company has an equity loan from EXPANSION INTERCOMARCAL, S.L.

(***) This company has an equity loan from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(****) This company has an equity loan from ANIDA OPERACIONES SINGULARES, S.A.

(*****) These companies have equity loans from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

     

 

F-192


Table of Contents

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the BBVA Group (Continued)

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

FACILEASING S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   92   730   646   68   16
FIDEICOMISO 28991-8 TRADING EN LOS MCADOS FINANCIEROS   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   3   3   -   2   -
FIDEICOMISO F/29764-8 SOCIO LIQUIDADOR DE OPERACIONES FINANCIERAS DERIVADAS   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   45   45   -   43   2
FIDEICOMISO F/403112-6 DE ADMINISTRACION DOS LAGOS   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   7   7   -   7   -
FIDEICOMISO HARES BBVA BANCOMER F/ 47997-2   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   14   15   1   13   1
FIDEICOMISO LOTE 6.1 ZARAGOZA   COLOMBIA   REAL ESTATE   -   59.99   59.99   1   2   -   2   -
FIDEICOMISO N.989, EN THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, S.A. INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, FIDUCIARIO (FIDEIC.00989 6 EMISION)   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   115   115   (5)   5
FIDEICOMISO Nº 711, EN BANCO INVEX, S.A.,INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, INVEX GRUPO FINANCIERO, FIDUCIARIO (FIDEIC. INVEX 1ª EMISION)   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   25   25   -   (1)
FIDEICOMISO Nº 752, EN BANCO INVEX, S.A.,INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, INVEX GRUPO FINANCIERO, FIDUCIARIO (FIDEIC. INVEX 2ª EMISION)   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   13   13   -   -
FIDEICOMISO Nº 847, EN BANCO INVEX, S.A.,INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, INVEX GRUPO FINANCIERO, FIDUCIARIO (FIDEIC. INVEX 4ª EMISION)   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   67   67   (1)   -
FIDEICOMISO SCOTIABANK INVERLAT S A F100322908   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   5   12   8   5   -
FINANCEIRA DO COMERCIO EXTERIOR S.A.R.   PORTUGAL   INACTIVE   100.00   -   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
FINANCIERA AYUDAMOS S.A. DE C.V., SOFOMER   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   107   109   2   92   15
FODECOR, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   60.00   60.00   -   -   1   (1)   -
FORUM COMERCIALIZADORA DEL PERU, S.A.   PERU   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   1   -   2   (2)
FORUM DISTRIBUIDORA DEL PERU, S.A.   PERU   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   8   25   17   8   -
FORUM DISTRIBUIDORA, S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   33   251   219   27   5
FORUM SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS, S.A.   CHILE   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   213   1,599   1,400   144   55
FUTURO FAMILIAR, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   3   2   1   -
G NETHERLANDS BV   NETHERLANDS   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   340   357   48   302   7
GARANTI BANK SA   ROMANIA   BANKING   -   100.00   100.00   276   1,983   1,732   253   (2)
GARANTI BILISIM TEKNOLOJISI VE TIC. TAS   TURKEY   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   28   20   3   16   1
GARANTI DIVERSIFIED PAYMENT RIGHTS FINANCE COMPANY   CAYMAN ISLANDS   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   3,417   3,417   -   -
GARANTI EMEKLILIK VE HAYAT AS   TURKEY   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   84.91   84.91   303   491   137   281   74
GARANTI FACTORING HIZMETLERI AS   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   81.84   81.84   41   781   731   44   6
GARANTI FILO SIGORTA ARACILIK HIZMETLERI A.S.   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   -   -   -
GARANTI FILO YONETIM HIZMETLERI A.S.   TURKEY   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   3   319   309   6   4
GARANTI FINANSAL KIRALAMA A.S.   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   238   1,481   1,232   234   16
GARANTI HIZMET YONETIMI A.S   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   99.40   99.40   -   2   1   2   (1)
GARANTI HOLDING BV   NETHERLANDS   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   195   341   -   341   -
GARANTI KONUT FINANSMANI DANISMANLIK HIZMETLERI AS (GARANTI MORTGAGE)   TURKEY   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   -   -   -
GARANTI KULTUR AS   TURKEY   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   -   -   -
GARANTI ODEME SISTEMLERI A.S.(GOSAS)   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   7   3   5   (1)
GARANTI PORTFOY YONETIMI AS   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   14   17   3   10   4
GARANTI YATIRIM MENKUL KIYMETLER AS   TURKEY   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   18   91   72   12   6
GARANTI YATIRIM ORTAKLIGI AS   TURKEY   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   99.97   99.97   -   10   -   9   1
GARANTIBANK INTERNATIONAL NV   NETHERLANDS   BANKING   -   100.00   100.00   546   4,823   4,276   532   15
GARRAF MEDITERRANIA, S.A. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   16   16   -   -
GESCAT LLEVANT, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   14   16   (2)   -
GESCAT LLOGUERS, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   7   16   (9)   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) This company has an equity loan from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A.

(***) This company has an equity loan from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

(****) This company has an equity loan from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

     

 

F-193


Table of Contents

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries and strucuted entities composing the BBVA Group

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

GESCAT POLSKA, SP. ZOO   POLAND   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   9   12   1   11   -
GESCAT SINEVA, S.L. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   3   (1)   -
GESCAT, GESTIO DE SOL, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   21   42   (20)   (2)
GESCAT, VIVENDES EN COMERCIALITZACIO, S.L. (**)(***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   226   618   (355)   (37)
GESTIO D’ACTIUS TITULITZATS, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   3   4   -   3   1
GESTION DE PREVISION Y PENSIONES, S.A.   SPAIN   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   60.00   -   60.00   9   32   3   21   7
GESTION Y ADMINISTRACION DE RECIBOS, S.A. - GARSA   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   2   1   1   -
GOBERNALIA GLOBAL NET, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   15   6   7   2
GRAN JORGE JUAN, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   375   1,012   632   398   (17)
GRANFIDUCIARIA   COLOMBIA   IN LIQUIDATION   -   90.00   90.00   -   -   -   -   -
GRUPO FINANCIERO BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   99.98   -   99.98   6,678   8,720   1   6,745   1,974
GUARANTY BUSINESS CREDIT CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   35   35   -   35   -
GUARANTY PLUS HOLDING COMPANY   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   (42)   63   105   (40)   (2)
GUARANTY PLUS PROPERTIES LLC-2   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   44   44   -   44   -
GUARANTY PLUS PROPERTIES, INC-1   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   12   12   -   12   -
HABITAT ZENTRUM, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00   50.00   -   -   6   (6)   -
HABITATGES FINVER, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   2   -   -
HABITATGES INVERCAP, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   1   (1)   -
HABITATGES INVERVIC, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   35.00   35.00   -   1   14   (12)   (1)
HABITATGES JUVIPRO, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   3   (1)   -
HIPOTECARIA NACIONAL, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   8   13   5   8   1
HOLVI PAYMENT SERVICE OY   FINLAND   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   13   3   -   6   (4)
HOMEOWNERS LOAN CORPORATION   UNITED STATES   IN LIQUIDATION   -   100.00   100.00   8   9   1   9   (1)
HUMAN RESOURCES PROVIDER, INC   UNITED STATES   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   436   436   -   430   6
HUMAN RESOURCES SUPPORT, INC   UNITED STATES   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   431   431   -   426   5
INMESP DESARROLLADORA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   26   38   13   31   (5)
INMUEBLES Y RECUPERACIONES CONTINENTAL S.A   PERU   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   13   14   1   11   2
INNOVATION 4 SECURITY, S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   4   1   1   2
INPAU, S.A. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   5   46   40   (8)   14
INVERAHORRO, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   13   91   78   16   (3)
INVERCARTERA INTERNACIONAL, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   8   8   -   8   -
INVERPRO DESENVOLUPAMENT, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   3   9   6   4   (1)
INVERSIONES ALDAMA, C.A.   VENEZUELA   IN LIQUIDATION   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
INVERSIONES BANPRO INTERNATIONAL INC. N.V.   CURAÇAO   INVESTMENT COMPANY   48.00   -   48.00   16   56   2   52   2
INVERSIONES BAPROBA, C.A.   VENEZUELA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   1   -   -   -   -
INVERSIONES DE INNOVACION EN SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   40   80   34   45   1
INVERSIONES P.H.R.4, C.A.   VENEZUELA   INACTIVE   -   60.46   60.46   -   -   -   -   -
INVESCO MANAGEMENT Nº 1, S.A.   LUXEMBOURG   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   8   8   -   8   -
INVESCO MANAGEMENT Nº 2, S.A.   LUXEMBOURG   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   3   18   (14)   (1)
IRIDION SOLUCIONS IMMOBILIARIES, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   2   127   (121)   (4)

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) These companies have equity loans from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

(***) These companies have equity loans from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(****) This company has an equity loan from EXPANSION INTERCOMARCAL, S.L.

(*****) These companies have equity loans from INVERPRO DESENVOLUPAMENT, S.L.

(******) This company has equity loans from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A

     

 

F-194


Table of Contents

Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries composing the BBVA Group (Continued) and consolidated structured entities

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

JALE PROCAM, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00   50.00   -   4   44   (40)   -
L’EIX IMMOBLES, S.L. (*****)(******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   20   26   (4)   (2)
LIQUIDITY ADVISORS, L.P   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1,198   1,199   -   1,192   6
MADIVA SOLUCIONES, S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   9   2   1   1   -
MILLENNIUM PROCAM, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   1   -   -
MISAPRE, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   2   -   2   -
MOMENTUM SOCIAL INVESTMENT HOLDING, S.L.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   7   7   -   7   -
MOTORACTIVE IFN SA   ROMANIA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   38   157   135   17   5
MOTORACTIVE MULTISERVICES SRL   ROMANIA   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   10   10   -   -
MULTIASISTENCIA OPERADORA S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   1   -   -
MULTIASISTENCIA SERVICIOS S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   3   2   1   -
MULTIASISTENCIA, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   22   29   7   16   6
NEWCO PERU S.A.C.   PERU   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   124   921   -   835   86
NOET, INC.   UNITED STATES   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
NOIDIRI, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   -   12   (11)   -
NOVA EGARA-PROCAM, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
NOVA TERRASSA 3, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   4   12   8   4   -
OPCION VOLCAN, S.A.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   16   18   2   17   (2)
OPERADORA DOS LAGOS S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   -   -
OPPLUS OPERACIONES Y SERVICIOS, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   1   29   10   16   3
OPPLUS S.A.C (En liquidacion)   PERU   IN LIQUIDATION   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
PARCSUD PLANNER, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   7   9   (2)   (1)
PARTICIPACIONES ARENAL, S.L.   SPAIN   INACTIVE   -   100.00   100.00   8   8   -   8   -
PECRI INVERSION S.L.   SPAIN   OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES   100.00   -   100.00   98   98   -   99   (1)
PENSIONES BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V., GRUPO FINANCIERO BBVA BANCOMER   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   197   4,040   3,843   156   41
PHOENIX LOAN HOLDINGS, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   312   334   22   306   6
PI HOLDINGS NO. 1, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   90   90   -   90   -
PI HOLDINGS NO. 3, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
PORTICO PROCAM, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   25   25   -   25   -
PRO-SALUD, C.A.   VENEZUELA   INACTIVE   -   58.86   58.86   -   -   -   -   -
PROCAMVASA, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   51.00   51.00   -   -   -   -   -
PROMOCION EMPRESARIAL XX, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   8   8   -   8   -
PROMOCIONES Y CONSTRUCCIONES CERBAT, S.L.U.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   9   25   -   25   -
PROMOTORA DEL VALLES, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   160   266   (98)   (8)
PROMOU CT 3AG DELTA, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   10   12   (2)   -
PROMOU CT EIX MACIA, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   3   6   2   1   3
PROMOU CT GEBIRA, S.L. (******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   8   12   (3)   -
PROMOU CT OPENSEGRE, S.L. (**)(******)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   28   46   (16)   (2)
PROMOU CT VALLES, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   2   9   8   2   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) This company has an equity loan from ARRELS CT PROMOU, S.A.

(***) This company has an equity loan from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(****) These companies have equity loans from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

(*****) This company has an equity loan from PROMOTORA DEL VALLES, S.L.

(******) These companies have equity loans from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A.

     

 

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Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries composing the BBVA Group (Continued) and consolidated structured entities

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

PROMOU GLOBAL, S.L. (**)(*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   94   124   (45)   15
PRONORTE UNO PROCAM, S.A. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   5   15   (10)   -
PROPEL VENTURE PARTNERS US FUND I, L.P.   UNITED STATES   VENTURE CAPITAL   -   100.00   100.00   21   22   1   23   (2)
PROV-INFI-ARRAHONA, S.L. (*****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   18   22   (6)   2
PROVINCIAL DE VALORES CASA DE BOLSA, C.A.   VENEZUELA   SECURITIES DEALER   -   90.00   90.00   -   -   -   -   -
PROVINCIAL SDAD.ADMIN.DE ENTIDADES DE INV.COLECTIVA, C.A.   VENEZUELA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   -   -   -   -
PROVIURE BARCELONA, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   2   -   -
PROVIURE CIUTAT DE LLEIDA, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   1   -   -
PROVIURE PARC D’HABITATGES, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   2   2   1   -
PROVIURE, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   4   3   (1)   1
PROVIVIENDA ENTIDAD RECAUDADORA Y ADMIN.DE APORTES, S.A.   BOLIVIA   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   -   100.00   100.00   2   7   5   2   -
PUERTO CIUDAD LAS PALMAS, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   96.64   96.64   -   36   59   (7)   (16)
QIPRO SOLUCIONES S.L.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   5   11   3   6   3
RALFI IFN SA   ROMANIA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   40   97   83   10   4
RENTRUCKS, ALQUILER Y SERVICIOS DE TRANSPORTE, S.A.   SPAIN   INACTIVE   100.00   -   100.00   1   2   -   1   -
RESIDENCIAL CUMBRES DE SANTA FE, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   14   14   -   9   5
RPV COMPANY   CAYMAN ISLANDS   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   1,469   1,469   -   -
RWHC, INC   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   771   771   -   754   16
S.B.D. NORD, S.L. (****)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   -   1   1   -   -
SATICEM GESTIO, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   9   90   (78)   (3)
SATICEM HOLDING, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   5   6   -   5   1
SATICEM IMMOBILIARIA, S.L.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   6   19   -   11   8
SATICEM IMMOBLES EN ARRENDAMENT, S.L. (***)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   26   85   (57)   (3)
SCALDIS FINANCE, S.A.   BELGIUM   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   4   18   -   18   -
SEGUROS BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V., GRUPO FINANCIERO BBVA BANCOMER   MEXICO   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   388   3,347   2,959   171   217
SEGUROS PROVINCIAL, C.A.   VENEZUELA   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   (1)
SERVICIOS CORPORATIVOS BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   4   7   2   4   -
SERVICIOS CORPORATIVOS DE SEGUROS, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   2   10   8   2   -
SERVICIOS EXTERNOS DE APOYO EMPRESARIAL, S.A DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   7   20   14   5   1
SERVICIOS TECNOLOGICOS SINGULARES, S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
SIMPLE FINANCE TECHNOLOGY CORP.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   53   66   13   146   (92)
SOCIEDAD DE ESTUDIOS Y ANALISIS FINANCIERO.,S.A.   SPAIN   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   104   108   5   107   (3)
SOCIEDAD GESTORA DEL FONDO PUBLICO DE REGULACION DEL MERCADO HIPOTECARIO, S.A.   SPAIN   INACTIVE   77.20   -   77.20   -   -   -   -   -
SPORT CLUB 18, S.A.   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   100.00   -   100.00   14   14   -   15   (1)
STATE NATIONAL CAPITAL TRUST I   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   15   14   -   -
STATE NATIONAL STATUTORY TRUST II   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   10   10   -   -
TEXAS LOAN SERVICES, LP.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1,208   1,208   -   1,199   9
TEXAS REGIONAL STATUTORY TRUST I   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   49   47   1   -
TEXASBANC CAPITAL TRUST I   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   1   25   24   1   -
TEXTIL TEXTURA, S.L.   SPAIN   COMMERCIAL   -   68.67   68.67   2   -   -   -   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) This company has an equity loan from ARRELS CT PROMOU, S.A.

(***) These companies have equity loans from BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.

(****) These companies have equity loans from CATALUNYACAIXA IMMOBILIARIA, S.A.

(*****) These companies have equity loans from UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A.

     

 

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Additional Information on Consolidated Subsidiaries composing the BBVA Group (Continued) and consolidated structured entities

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

TMF HOLDING INC.   UNITED STATES   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   100.00   100.00   15   22   7   13   2
TRIFOI REAL ESTATE SRL   ROMANIA   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   1   1   -   1   -
TUCSON LOAN HOLDINGS, INC.   UNITED STATES   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   57   57   -   55   2
TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S   TURKEY   BANKING   39.90   -   39.90   6,177   76,017   66,433   8,191   1,393
UNITARIA GESTION DE PATRIMONIOS INMOBILIARIOS   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00   100.00   2   3   -   3   -
UNIVERSALIDAD TIPS PESOS E-9   COLOMBIA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   100.00   100.00   -   60   29   28   3
UNNIM SOCIEDAD PARA LA GESTION DE ACTIVOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A. (**)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   100.00   -   100.00   -   941   1,102   (32)   (129)
URBANIZADORA SANT LLORENC, S.A.   SPAIN   INACTIVE   60.60   -   60.60   -   -   -   -   -
VALANZA CAPITAL S.A. UNIPERSONAL   SPAIN   SERVICES   100.00   -   100.00   1   7   -   7   -
VOLJA LUX, SARL   LUXEMBOURG   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   71.78   71.78   -   1   1   1   (1)
VOLJA PLUS SL   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   75.40   -   75.40   1   2   -   (17)   19
VOLKSWAGEN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPAÑIA FINANCIERA S.A.   ARGENTINA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   51.00   51.00   16   110   78   32   -

 

(*) Information on foreign companies at exchange rate on December 31, 2016

(**) This company has an equity loan from BBVA, S.A.

     

 

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Table of Contents

APPENDIX II Additional information on investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates in the BBVA Group

 

Including the most significant entities, jointly representing 99.71% of all investment in this

 

       
            % Legal share   Millions of Euros (*)
            of participation   Affiliate Entity Data
Company   Location   Activity     Direct           Indirect             Total       Net
  Carrying
  Amount  
 

Assets

  31.12.16  

 

Liabilities

  31.12.16  

 

Equity

  31.12.16  

 

Profit
(Loss)

  31.12.16  

ADQUIRA ESPAÑA, S.A.   SPAIN   COMMERCIAL   -   40.00   40.00   3   19   11   7   1
ADQUIRA MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.(*)   MEXICO   COMMERCIAL   -   50.00   50.00   2   5   2   3   -
ALTURA MARKETS, SOCIEDAD DE VALORES, S.A.(*)   SPAIN   SECURITIES DEALER   50.00   -   50.00   19   1,738   1,700   30   8
ATOM BANK PLC   UNITED KINGDOM   BANKING   29.46   -   29.46   43   229   137   129   (36)
AUREA, S.A. (CUBA)   CUBA   REAL ESTATE   -   49.00   49.00   5   10   -   9   -
AVANTESPACIA INMOBILIARIA, S.L.(*)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   30.01   30.01   18   73   12   60   -
BANK OF HANGZHOU CONSUMER FINANCE CO LTD   CHINA   BANKING   30.00   -   30.00   20   71   5   68   (1)
CANCUN SUN & GOLF COUNTRY CLUB, S.A.P.I. DE C.V.   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   33.33   33.33   23   75   35   44   (4)
COMPAÑIA ESPAÑOLA DE FINANCIACION DEL DESARROLLO S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   16.67   -   16.67   19   122   5   109   8
COMPAÑIA MEXICANA DE PROCESAMIENTO, S.A. DE
C.V.(*)
  MEXICO   SERVICES   -   50.00   50.00   6   12   -   11   1
CORPORACION IBV PARTICIPACIONES EMPRESARIALES, S.A.(*)   SPAIN   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   50.00   50.00   29   126   25   101   -    (2)
DESARROLLOS METROPOLITANOS DEL SUR, S.L.(*)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00   50.00   11   41   20   23   (1)
FERROMOVIL 3000, S.L.(*)   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   20.00   20.00   4   459   437   25   (4)
FERROMOVIL 9000, S.L.(*)   SPAIN   SERVICES   -   20.00   20.00   3   298   282   19   (3)
FIDEICOMISO 1729 INVEX ENAJENACION DE CARTERA (*)   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   32.25   32.25   57   177   -   177   -
FIDEICOMISO F 403853- 5 BBVA BANCOMER SERVICIOS ZIBATA (*)   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   30.00   30.00   33   184   58   98   27
FIDEICOMISO F/00185 FIMPE - FIDEICOMISO F/00185 PARA EXTENDER A LA SOCIEDAD LOS BENEFICIOS DEL ACCESO A LA INFRAESTRUCTURA DE LOS MEDIOS DE PAGO ELECTRONICOS   MEXICO   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   28.50   28.50   4   14   -   15   (1)
FIDEICOMISO F/402770-2 ALAMAR(*)   MEXICO   REAL ESTATE   -   42.40   42.40   8   19   -   19   -
INVERSIONES PLATCO, C.A.(*)   VENEZUELA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   50.00   50.00   4   9   1   13   (5)
METROVACESA PROMOCION Y ARRENDAMIENTO S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   15.90   4.62   20.52   67   326   -   326   -
METROVACESA SUELO Y PROMOCION, S.A.   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   15.90   4.62   20.52   208   1,080   68   1,013   -
PARQUE RIO RESIDENCIAL, S.L.(*)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00   50.00   10   21   2   20   -
PROMOCIONS TERRES CAVADES, S.A.(*)   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   -   39.11   39.11   4   15   -   15   -
PSA FINANCE ARGENTINA COMPAÑIA FINANCIERA,
S.A.(*)
  ARGENTINA   BANKING   -   50.00   50.00   21   191   148   28   14
RCI COLOMBIA S.A., COMPAÑIA DE FINANCIAMIENTO (*)   COLOMBIA   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   49.00   49.00   17   139   104   37   (2)
REAL ESTATE DEAL II, S.A.(*)   SPAIN   IN LIQUIDATION   20.06   -   20.06   4   23   5   23   (6)
REDSYS SERVICIOS DE PROCESAMIENTO, S.L.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   20.00   0.00   20.00   8   146   106   32   7
ROMBO COMPAÑIA FINANCIERA, S.A.   ARGENTINA   BANKING   -   40.00   40.00   19   329   284   37   7
SERVICIOS ELECTRONICOS GLOBALES, S.A. DE C.V.   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   46.14   46.14   6   12   -   10   2
SERVIRED SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE MEDIOS DE PAGO, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   28.72   0.00   28.72   11   49   12   29   8
SOCIEDAD ADMINISTRADORA DE FONDOS DE CESANTIA DE CHILE II, S.A.   CHILE   PENSION FUNDS MANAGEMENT   -   48.60   48.60   11   28   6   20   2    (2)
TELEFONICA FACTORING ESPAÑA, S.A.   SPAIN   FINANCIAL SERVICES   30.00   -   30.00   4   77   62   7   8    (3)
TESTA RESIDENCIAL SOCIMI SAU   SPAIN   REAL ESTATE   10.46   3.04   13.50   91   831   366   462   3
VITAMEDICA ADMINISTRADORA, S.A. DE C.V (*)   MEXICO   SERVICES   -   51.00   51.00   2   12   8   3   1

 

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APPENDIX III Changes and notification of investments and divestments in the BBVA Group in the year ended December 31, 2016

 

Acquisitions or Increases of Interest Ownership in Consolidated Subsidiaries

 

   
            Millions of Euros   % of Voting Rights        
                                 
Company  

Type of

Transaction

  Activity  

Price Paid in the

Transactions +

 Expenses directly 

attributable to

the

Transactions

 

Fair Value of

Equity

Instruments

  issued for the  

Transactions

 

  % Participation  

(net)

Acquired

in the Period

 

Total Voting

Rights

  Controlled after  

the

Transactions

 

  Effective Date  

for the

Transaction

(or Notification

Date)

          Category        
                                 
PROPEL VENTURE PARTNERS US FUND I, L.P.   FOUNDING   VENTURE CAPITAL   2   -   100.00%   100.00%   14-Jan-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA NOMINEES LIMITED   ACQUISITION   SERVICES   -   -   5.00%   100.00%   29-Jan-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA COMPASS PAYMENTS, INC   FOUNDING   INVESTMENT COMPANY   43   -   100.00%   100.00%   01-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
HOLVI PAYMENT SERVICE OY   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   9   -   100.00%   100.00%   04-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
RENTRUCKS, ALQUILER Y SERVICIOS DE TRANSPORTE, S.A.   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   -   0.68%   100.00%   29-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
ESPAIS CERDANYOLA, S.L.   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   14   -   47.51%   97.51%   31-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
FIDEICOMISO F/403112-6 DE ADMINISTRACION DOS LAGOS   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   50.00%   100.00%   31-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
FIDEICOMISO SCOTIABANK INVERLAT S A F100322908   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   2   -   50.00%   100.00%   31-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
OPERADORA DOS LAGOS S.A. DE C.V.   ACQUISITION   SERVICES   -   -   50.00%   100.00%   31-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA CONSUMER FINANCE ENTIDAD DE DESARROLLO A LA PEQUEÑA Y MICRO EMPRESA, EDPYME, S.A. (BBVA CONSUMER FINANCE - EDPYME)   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   3   -   15.68%   100.00%   29-Apr-16   SUBSIDIARY
FORUM COMERCIALIZADORA DEL PERU, S.A.   ACQUISITION   SERVICES   1   -   15.68%   100.00%   29-Apr-16   SUBSIDIARY
FORUM DISTRIBUIDORA DEL PERU, S.A.   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   1   -   15.68%   100.00%   29-Apr-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA OP3N S.L.   FOUNDING   SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   100.00%   01-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
HABITATGES FINVER, S.L.   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   50.00%   100.00%   14-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
DATA ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY S.L   FOUNDING   SERVICES   -   -   51.00%   51.00%   28-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
NEW CO PERU SAC   SPLIT   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   -   100.00%   100.00%   31-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
VOLJA PLUS SL   DILUTION EFFECT   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   -   0.46%   75.40%   31-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
DALLAS CREATION CENTER, INC   FOUNDING   SERVICES   2   -   100.00%   100.00%   01-Aug-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA OP3N, INC   FOUNDING   SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   100.00%   05-Aug-16   SUBSIDIARY
GRUPO FINANCIERO BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. DE C.V.   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   1   -   0.01%   99.98%   07-Sep-16   SUBSIDIARY
VOLKSWAGEN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPAÑIA FINANCIERA S.A.   ACQUISITION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   17   -   51.00%   51.00%   26-Sep-16   SUBSIDIARY
FIDEICOMISO LOTE 6.1 ZARAGOZA   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   1   -   59.99%   59.99%   27-Oct-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA BROKER, S.A.   FOUNDING   INSURANCES SERVICES   -   -   95.00%   95.00%   01-Nov-16   SUBSIDIARY
CX PROPIETAT, FII   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT FUND   -   -   0.19%   67.93%   30-Nov-16   SUBSIDIARY
GARANTI YATIRIM ORTAKLIGI AS   CONTROL RIGHTS   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   -   3.30%   99.97%   30-Nov-16   SUBSIDIARY
NOET, INC.   FOUNDING   SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   100.00%   01-Dec-16   SUBSIDIARY
CATALONIA GEBIRA, S.L.   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   18.33%   100.00%   15-Dec-16   SUBSIDIARY
GARRAF MEDITERRANIA, S.A.   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   2   -   9.42%   100.00%   29-Dec-16   SUBSIDIARY

 

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Disposals or Reduction of Interest Ownership in Consolidated Subsidiaries

 

   
            Millions of Euros   % of Voting Rights        
                                 
Company  

Type of

Transaction

  Activity   Profit (Loss)
in the
Transaction
(*)
  Changes in the
Equity due to the
transaction
  % Participation
Sold
in the Period
 

Total Voting
Rights
Controlled after

the
Disposal

 

Effective Date

for the

Transaction

(or Notification

Date)

          Category        
                                 
ANIDA SERVICIOS INMOBILIARIOS, S.A. DE C.V.   MERGER   SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   -   31-Jan-16   SUBSIDIARY
HIPOTECARIA NACIONAL MEXICANA INCORPORATED   LIQUIDATION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   100.00%   -   31-Jan-16   SUBSIDIARY
ARRAHONA GARRAF, S.L.   LIQUIDATION   REAL ESTATE   (1)   -   100.00%   -   21-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
ECOARENYS, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   9   -   50.00%   -   31-Mar-16   SUBSIDIARY
IMOBILIARIA DUQUE DE AVILA, S.A.   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   (1)   -   100.00%   -   22-Apr-16   SUBSIDIARY
FIDEICOMISO Nº 781, EN BANCO INVEX, S.A.,INSTITUCION DE BANCA MULTIPLE, INVEX GRUPO FINANCIERO, FIDUCIARIO (FIDEIC. INVEX 3ª EMISION)   MERGER   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   -   30-May-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA GEST, S.G.DE FUNDOS DE INVESTIMENTO MOBILIARIO, S.A.   LIQUIDATION   SECURITIES DEALER   -   -   100.00%   -   09-Jun-16   SUBSIDIARY
PROXIMA ALFA INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS (USA) INC.   LIQUIDATION   INVESTMENT COMPANY   3   -   100.00%   -   30-Jun-16   SUBSIDIARY
PROXIMA ALFA INVESTMENTS HOLDINGS (USA) II INC.   LIQUIDATION   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   -   100.00%   -   30-Jun-16   SUBSIDIARY
PROXIMA ALFA INVESTMENTS (USA) LLC   LIQUIDATION   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   -   30-Jun-16   SUBSIDIARY
UNIDAD DE AVALUOS MEXICO, S.A. DE CV   DISPOSAL   FINANCIAL SERVICES   18   -   100.00%   -   29-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
HOLDING CONTINENTAL, S.A.   SPLIT   INVESTMENT COMPANY   -   -   50.00%   -   31-Jul-16   SUBSIDIARY
EUROPEA DE TITULIZACION, S.A., S.G.F.T.   DILUTION EFFECT   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   -   1.14%   87.86%   31-Aug-16   SUBSIDIARY
CATALUNYA BANC, S.A.   MERGER   BANKING   -   -   99.10%   -   09-Sep-16   SUBSIDIARY
CATALUNYACAIXA INVERSIO, SGIIC, S.A.   MERGER   OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES   -   -   100.00%   -   13-Sep-16   SUBSIDIARY
CATALUNYACAIXA MEDIACIO , S.L.   MERGER   FINANCIAL SERVICES   -   -   100.00%   -   06-Oct-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA ELCANO EMPRESARIAL, S.A. EN LIQUIDACION   LIQUIDATION   IN LIQUIDATION   -   -   45.00%   -   25-Oct-16   SUBSIDIARY
BBVA ELCANO EMPRESARIAL II, S.A. EN LIQUIDACION   LIQUIDATION   IN LIQUIDATION   -   -   45.00%   -   26-Oct-16   SUBSIDIARY
BANCO DEPOSITARIO BBVA, S.A.   MERGER   BANKING   -   -   100.00%   -   11-Nov-16   SUBSIDIARY
GARANTI BANK MOSCOW   DISPOSAL   BANKING   8   -   100.00%   -   05-Dec-16   SUBSIDIARY
UNO-E BANK, S.A.   MERGER   BANKING   -   -   100.00%   -   09-Dec-16   SUBSIDIARY

 

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Business Combinations and Other Acquisitions or Increases of Interest Ownership in Associates and Joint-Ventures Accounted for Under the Equity Method

 

            Millions of Euros   % of Voting Rights        
Company   Type of
Transaction
  Activity   Price Paid in the
Transactions +
Expenses Directly
Attributable to the
Transactions
  Fair Value of
Equity
Instruments
Issued for the
Transactions
  % Participation
(Net)
Acquired
in the Period
 

Total Voting
Rights
Controlled After

the
Transactions

  Effective Date for
the Transaction
(or Notification
Date)
          Category        
METROVACESA, S.A. (*)   CAPITAL INCREASE (**)   REAL ESTATE   344   -   1.10%   20.52%   17-Feb-16   ASSOCIATED
METROVACESA, S.A. (*)   PARTIAL SPLIT   REAL ESTATE   (208)   -   -   -   01-Mar-16   ASSOCIATED
METROVACESA, S.A. (*)   TOTAL SPLIT   REAL ESTATE   (502)   -   -   -   26-Oct-16   ASSOCIATED
METROVACESA SUELO Y PROMOCION, S.A.   SPLIT   REAL ESTATE   208   -   20.52%   20.52%   01-Mar-16   ASSOCIATED
ATOM BANK PLC   ACQUISITION   BANKING   56   -   29.46%   29.46%   29-Apr-16   ASSOCIATED
RCI COLOMBIA S.A., COMPAÑIA DE FINANCIAMIENTO   FOUNDING   FINANCIAL SERVICES   9   -   49.00%   49.00%   01-Jun-16   JOINT VENTURE
PARQUE RIO RESIDENCIAL, S.L.   FOUNDING   REAL ESTATE   10   -   50.00%   50.00%   14-Jun-16   JOINT VENTURE
CAPIPOTA PRODUCTIONS S.L.   ACQUISITION   COMMERCIAL   -   -   25.00%   25.00%   30-Jun-16   JOINT VENTURE
FIDEICOMISO DE ADMINISTRACION REDETRANS   ACQUISITION   SERVICES   1   -   25.07%   25.07%   30-Jun-16   JOINT VENTURE
IBV SOURCE—PRESTAÇAO DE SERVIÇOS INFORMATICOS, ACE   FOUNDING   SERVICES   -   -   49.00%   49.00%   31-Jul-16   JOINT VENTURE
LA ESMERALDA DESARROLLOS, S.L.   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   25.00%   50.00%   21-Sep-16   JOINT VENTURE
AVANTESPACIA INMOBILIARIA, S.L.   FOUNDING   REAL ESTATE   12   -   30.01%   30.01%   20-Oct-16   JOINT VENTURE
METROVACESA PROMOCION Y ARRENDAMIENTO S.A (*)   SPLIT   REAL ESTATE   67   -   20.52%   20.52%   26-Oct-16   ASSOCIATED
TESTA RESIDENCIAL SOCIMI SAU (*)   SPLIT   REAL ESTATE   91   -   13.49%   13.49%   26-Oct-16   ASSOCIATED
FIDEICOMISO F/404180-2 BBVA BANCOMER SERVICIOS GOLF ZIBATA   ACQUISITION   REAL ESTATE   -   -   30.00%   30.00%   01-Dec-16   JOINT VENTURE

(*) First there was partial split of the of soil activity and promotion in favor of the society of new constitution Metrovacesa Suelo y Promoción, S.A. and in October was the total split of the society in favor of Testa Residencial SOCIMI SAU, Merlin Properties, SOCIMI, S.A. and the new constitution company Metrovacesa Promotion and Leasing S.A

(**) Non-monetary contribution.

 

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Disposal or Reduction of Interest Ownership in Associates and Joint-Ventures Companies Accounted for Under the Equity Method

 

 
            Millions of Euros   % of Voting Rights        
Company     Type of Transaction     Activity   Profit (Loss)
in the
Transaction
  % Participation
Sold
in the Period
  Total Voting
Rights
Controlled after
the
Disposal
  Effective Date for
the Transaction
(or Notification
Date)
  Category
BALMA HABITAT, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE      
ECUALITY E-COMMERCE QUALITY, S.A.S.P.   NON CONTROL   COMMERCIAL   -   28.00%   -   31-Mar-16   ASSOCIATED
FIDEICOMISO SCOTIABANK INVERLAT SA F100322742   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   5   33.78%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE
I+D MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.   DISPOSAL   SERVICES   16   50.00%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE
OPERADORA HITO URBANO, S.A.DE C.V   DISPOSAL   SERVICES   -   35.00%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE
OPERADORA MIRASIERRA, S.A. DE C.V.   DISPOSAL   SERVICES   -   35.00%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE
PROBIS AIGUAVIVA, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   (1)   50.00%   -   31-Mar-16   JOINT VENTURE
AMBIT D’EQUIPAMENTS, S.A.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   35.00%   -   30-Apr-16   ASSOCIATED
CAPASATUS, S.L   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   30-Apr-16   ASSOCIATED
CRUILLA CENTRE, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   49.04%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
EUGESA PROCAM, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   55.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
HARMONIA BADALONA, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   45.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
HARMONIA PLA DE PONENT, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   22.33%   -   30-Apr-16   ASSOCIATED
IMMOCENTRE 3000, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   40.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
LANDOMUS, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
L’ERA DE VIC, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   40.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
NOU MAPRO, S.A.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
SARDENYA CENTRE, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
TAGE CENTRE PROMOCIONS IMMOBILIARIES, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
VERTIX PROCAM PATRIMONIAL, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   100.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
VISOREN CENTRE, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   40.00%   -   30-Apr-16   JOINT VENTURE
INMOBILIARIA MONTE BOADILLA, S.L.   NON CONTROL   REAL ESTATE   -   51.00%   -   01-Jul-16   JOINT VENTURE
SANYRES SUR, S.L.   DISPOSAL   SERVICES   -   33.05%   -   01-Jul-16   JOINT VENTURE
UNION SANYRES, S.L.   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   2   33.36%   -   01-Jul-16   JOINT VENTURE
VIC CONVENT, S.L.   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   -   25.00%   -   14-Jul-16   ASSOCIATED
KUARS CENTRE, S.L.   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   9   40.00%   -   08-Sep-16   JOINT VENTURE
P.R.ALBIRSA, S.L.   LIQUIDATION   REAL ESTATE   -   50.00%   -   14-Sep-16   JOINT VENTURE
S.C.I. MAGNAN SAINT PHILIPPE   LIQUIDATION   REAL ESTATE   -   25.00%   -   30-Sep-16   ASSOCIATED
METROVACESA, S.A. (*)   LIQUIDATION   REAL ESTATE   (2)   20.52%   -   26-Oct-16   ASSOCIATED
FIDEICOMISO F 404015-0 BBVA BANCOMER LOMAS III   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   7   25.00%   -   29-Nov-16   ASSOCIATED
FIDEICOMISO F/70191-2 LOMAS DE ANGELOPOLIS II   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   4   25.00%   -   30-Nov-16   JOINT VENTURE
PARQUE REFORMA SANTA FE, S.A. de C.V.   DISPOSAL   REAL ESTATE   2   30.00%   -   20-Dec-16   ASSOCIATED
TENEDORA DE VEHICULOS, S.A.   LIQUIDATION   SERVICES   -   35.00%   -   22-Dec-16   ASSOCIATED
BRUNARA, SICAV, S.A.   DISPOSAL   VARIABLE CAPITAL   -   30.36%   3.71%   31-Dec-16   ASSOCIATED

(*) First there was partial split of the of soil activity and promotion in favor of the society of new constitution Metrovacesa Suelo y Promoción, S.A. and in October was the total split of the society in favor of Testa Residencial SOCIMI SAU, Merlin Properties, SOCIMI, S.A. and the new constitution company Metrovacesa Promotion and Leasing S.A

 

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Changes in other Companies quoted recognize as Available-For-Sale

 

            % of voting rights    
Company   Type of Transaction   Activity   % Participation
Acquired (Sold)
in the Period
  Totally Controlled
after Transaction
 

Effective Date for

the Transaction
(or Notification
Date)

MERLIN PROPERTIES SOCIMI, S.A   SPLIT METROVACESA               REAL ESTATE           6.44%   6.44%   02-Nov-16

 

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APPENDIX IV Fully consolidated subsidiaries with more than 10% owned by non-Group shareholders as of December 31, 2016

 

        

% of Voting Rights

 

Controlled by the Bank

 

                    
Company   Activity          Direct                Indirect                  Total        
                    
BANCO CONTINENTAL, S.A.   BANKING    -    46    46
BANCO PROVINCIAL S.A. - BANCO UNIVERSAL   BANKING    1    54    55
INVERSIONES BANPRO INTERNATIONAL INC. N.V.   INVESTMENT COMPANY    48    -    48
PRO-SALUD, C.A.   NO ACTIVITY    -    59    59
INVERSIONES P.H.R.4, C.A.   NO ACTIVITY    -    60    60
BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA CHILE, S.A.   BANKING    -    68    68
BBVA INMOBILIARIA E INVERSIONES, S.A.   REAL ESTATE    -    68    68
TEXTIL TEXTURA, S.L.   COMMERCIAL    -    69    69
COMERCIALIZADORA CORPORATIVA SAC   FINANCIAL SERVICES    -    50    50
DISTRITO CASTELLANA NORTE, S.A.   REAL ESTATE    -    76    76
GESTION DE PREVISION Y PENSIONES, S.A.   PENSION FUND MANAGEMENT    60    -    60
ESTACION DE AUTOBUSES CHAMARTIN, S.A.   SERVICES    -    51    51
F/403035-9 BBVA HORIZONTES RESIDENCIAL   REAL ESTATE    -    65    65
F/253863 EL DESEO RESIDENCIAL   REAL ESTATE    -    65    65
DATA ARCHITECTURE AND TECHNOLOGY S.L   SERVICES    -    51    51
VOLKSWAGEN FINANCIAL SERVICES COMPAÑIA FINANCIERA S.A.   FINANCIAL SERVICES    -    51    51
FIDEICOMISO LOTE 6.1 ZARAGOZA   REAL ESTATE    -    60    60
HABITATGES INVERVIC, S.L.   REAL ESTATE    -    35    35
TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S   BANKING    40    -    40
GARANTI EMEKLILIK VE HAYAT AS   INSURANCES    -    85    85
GARANTI YATIRIM ORTAKLIGI AS   INVESTMENT COMPANY    -    100    100
FODECOR, S.L.   REAL ESTATE    -    60    60
PROCAMVASA, S.A.   REAL ESTATE    -    51    51
JALE PROCAM, S.L.   REAL ESTATE    -    50    50
VOLJA LUX, SARL   INVESTMENT COMPANY    -    72    72
HABITAT ZENTRUM, S.L.   REAL ESTATE    -    50    50
VOLJA PLUS SL   INVESTMENT COMPANY    75    -    75

 

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APPENDIX V BBVA Group’s structured entities. Securitization funds

 

              

 

Millions of Euros

 

Securitization Fund (consolidated)    Company   

Origination  

    

Date

  

    

Total Securitized  

    

Exposures at the  

    

Origination Date  

  

Total Securitized

    

Exposures as of

    

December 31, 2016  

    

(*)

2 PS Interamericana    BBVA CHILE S.A.    Oct-04    31    3
AYT CAIXA SABADELL HIPOTECARIO I, FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-08    300    98
AYT HIPOTECARIO MIXTO IV, FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-05    100    24
AYT HIPOTECARIO MIXTO, FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-04    100    17
BACOMCB 07    BBVA BANCOMER, S.A.,INSTIT. BANCA    Dec-07    121    -
BACOMCB 08    BBVA BANCOMER, S.A.,INSTIT. BANCA    Mar-08    53    -
BACOMCB 08-2    BBVA BANCOMER, S.A.,INSTIT. BANCA    Dec-08    267    -
BBVA CONSUMO 6 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Oct-14    299    181
BBVA CONSUMO 7 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-15    1,450    1,433
BBVA CONSUMO 8 FT    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-16    700    652
BBVA EMPRESAS 4 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-10    1,700    133
BBVA LEASING 1 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-10    2,500    97
BBVA PYME 10 FT    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-15    780    507
BBVA RMBS 1 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Feb-07    2,500    1,206
BBVA RMBS 10 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-11    1,600    1,292
BBVA RMBS 11 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-12    1,400    1,140
BBVA RMBS 12 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-13    4,350    3,685
BBVA RMBS 13 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-14    4,100    3,596
BBVA RMBS 14 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Nov-14    700    569
BBVA RMBS 15 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    May-15    4,000    3,659
BBVA RMBS 16 FT    BBVA, S.A.    May-16    1,600    1,544
BBVA RMBS 17 FT    BBVA, S.A.    Nov-16    1,800    -
BBVA RMBS 2 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-07    5,000    4,090
BBVA RMBS 3 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-07    3,000    1,627
BBVA RMBS 5 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    May-08    5,000    2,695
BBVA RMBS 9 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Apr-10    1,295    950
BBVA UNIVERSALIDAD E10    BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.    Mar-09    23    -
BBVA UNIVERSALIDAD E11    BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.    May-09    15    -
BBVA UNIVERSALIDAD E12    BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.    Aug-09    25    -
BBVA UNIVERSALIDAD E9    BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.    Dec-08    44    -
BBVA UNIVERSALIDAD N6    BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.    Aug-12    67    14
BBVA-5 FTPYME FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Nov-06    1,900    30
BBVA-6 FTPYME FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-07    1,500    43
BBVA-FINANZIA AUTOS 1 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Apr-07    800    3
BMERCB 13    BBVA BANCOMER, S.A.,INSTIT. BANCA    Jun-13    497    -
FTA IM TERRASSA MBS-1    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-06    525    53
FTA TDA-22 MIXTO    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-04    112    31
FTA TDA-27    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-06    275    109
FTA TDA-28    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-07    250    128
GAT ICO FTVPO 1, F.T.H    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-04    40    127
GC FTGENCAT TARRAGONA 1 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-08    283    50
HIPOCAT 10 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-06    1,500    408
HIPOCAT 11 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-07    1,600    417
HIPOCAT 6 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jul-03    850    143
HIPOCAT 7 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-04    1,400    296
HIPOCAT 8 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    May-05    1,500    361
HIPOCAT 9 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Nov-05    1,000    277
Instrumentos de Titulización Hip- Junior    BANCO CONTINENTAL, S.A.    Dec-07    24    2
TDA 19 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-04    200    36
TDA 20-MIXTO, FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Jun-04    100    20
TDA 23 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Mar-05    300    76
TDA TARRAGONA 1 FTA    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-07    397    148
           
                
              

 

Millions of Euros

 

Securitization Fund (not consolidated)    Company   

Origination  

    

Date

  

    

Total Securitized  

    

Exposures at the  

    

Origination Date  

  

Total Securitized

    

Exposures as of

    

December 31, 2016  

    

FTA TDA13    BBVA, S.A.    Dec-00    84    13
FTA TDA-18 MIXTO    BBVA, S.A.    Nov-13    91    15

(*) Solvency scope.

 

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APPENDIX VI Details of the outstanding subordinated debt and preferred securities issued by the Bank or entities in the Group consolidated as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of subordinated issues

Millions of Euros

 

Issuer Entity and Issued Date    Currency     

December  

 

2016  

  

December  

 

2015  

  

December  

 

2014  

 

Prevailing Interest  

 

Rate

 

as of December 31,  

 

2016

  

Maturity

 

Date

Issues in Euros

                

BBVA

                

February-07

   EUR    255    255    253   4.50%    16-Feb-22

March-08

   EUR    125    125    125   6.03%    3-Mar-33

July-08

   EUR    100    100    100   6.20%    4-Jul-23

February-14

   EUR    1,500    1,500    1,500   7.00%    Perpetual

February-15

   EUR    1,500    1,500    -   6.75%    Perpetual

April-16

   EUR    1,000    -    -   8.88%    Perpetual

Various

   EUR    277    310    342     

Subtotal

   EUR    4,756    3,789    2,320     

BBVA GLOBAL FINANCE, LTD. (*)

                

October-01

   EUR    -    10    10   6.08%    10-Oct-16

October-01

   EUR    -    46    46   0.55%    15-Oct-16

November-01

   EUR    -    53    53   0.63%    02-Nov-16

December-01

   EUR    -    56    56   0.57%    20-Dec-16

Subtotal

   EUR    -    165    223     

BBVA SUBORDINATED CAPITAL, S.A.U. (*)

                

October-05

   EUR    99    99    96   0.49%    13-Oct-20

April-07

   EUR    68    68    66   0.57%    4-Apr-22

May-08

   EUR    50    50    50   3.00%    19-May-23

July-08

   EUR    20    20    20   6.11%    22-Jul-18

April-14

   EUR    1,500    1,500    1,485   3.50%    11-Apr-24

Subtotal

   EUR    1,737    1,737    1,717     

TURKIYE GARANTI BANKASI A.S

                

February-09

   EUR    -    50    -   3.53%    31-Mar-21

Subtotal

   EUR       50    -     
Others       -    1    -     
Total issued in Euros       6,493    5,742    4,260     

(*)‘The issuances of BBVA Subordinated Capital, S.A.U. and BBVA Global Finance, LTD., are jointly, severally and unconditionally guaranteed by the Bank.

 

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Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 (Continued)

Millions of Euros

 

Issuer Entity and Issued Date       Currency      

    December    

 

2016

 

    December    

 

2015

 

    December    

 

2014

 

Prevailing Interest

 

Rate

 

  as of December 31,    

 

2016

 

    Maturity    

 

Date

Issues in foreign currency

           

BBVA

           

May-13

  USD   1,423   1,378   1,235   9.00%   Perpetual

Subtotal

  USD   1,423   1,378   1,235    

BBVA GLOBAL FINANCE, LTD. (*)

           

December-95

  USD   189   183   165   7.00%   01-Dec-25

Subtotal

  USD   189   183   165    
BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, CHILE   USD          

Different issues

  CLP   609   558   578     Various

Subtotal

  CLP   609   558   578    

BBVA BANCOMER, S.A. de C.V.

           

May-07

  USD   474   456   413   6.01%   17-May-22

April-10

  USD   947   912   825   7.25%   22-Apr-20

March-11

  USD   1,184   1,140   1,031   6.50%   10-Mar-21

July-12

  USD   947   912   825   6.75%   30-Sep-22

September-12

  USD   474   456   413   6.75%   30-Sep-22

November-14

  USD   189   182   165   5.35%   12-Nov-29

Subtotal

  USD   4,214   4,058   3,672    

December-08

  MXN   -   -   160   -   -

Subtotal

  MXN   -   -   160    

BBVA URUGUAY

           

December-14 (**)

  USD   14   14   12   4.60%   16-Dic-24

Subtotal

  USD   14   14   12    

BBVA PARAGUAY

           

November-14

  USD   19   18   16   6.75%   05-Nov-21

November-15

  USD   24   23   -   6.70%   22-Nov-22

Subtotal

  USD   43   42   16    

TEXAS REGIONAL STATUTORY TRUST I

           

February-04

  USD   47   46   41   3.13%   17-Mar-34

Subtotal

  USD   47   46   41    

(*) The issuances of BBVA Global Finance, Ltd, are guaranteed (secondary liability) by the Bank

(**) Subordinated customer deposits

 

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APPENDIX VI. OUTSTANDING AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 OF SUBORDINATED AND PREFERRED ISSUES

Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of subordinated issues

Millions of Euros

 

Issuer Entity and Issued Date       Currency      

    December    

 

2016

 

    December    

 

2015

 

    December    

 

2014

 

Prevailing Interest  

 

Rate

 

as of December

 

31, 2016

 

    Maturity    

 

Date

STATE NATIONAL CAPITAL TRUST I

           

July-03

  USD   14   14   12   3.32%   30-Sep-33

Subtotal

  USD   14   14   12    
STATE NATIONAL STATUTORY TRUST II         -    

March-04

  USD   9   9   8   3.07%   17-Mar-34

Subtotal

  USD   9   9   8    

TEXASBANC CAPITAL TRUST I

           

June-04

  USD   24   23   21   2.88%   23-Jul-34

Subtotal

  USD   24   23   21    

COMPASS BANK

           

March-05

  USD   212   204   182   5.50%   01-Apr-20

March-06

  USD   65   63   56   5.90%   01-Apr-26

September-07

  USD   332   321   288   6.40%   01-Oct-17

April-15

  USD   655   633   -   3.88%   10-Apr-25

Subtotal

    1,264   1,221   526    

BBVA COLOMBIA, S.A.

           

September-11

  COP   33   58   36   10.27%   19-Sep-21

September-11

  COP   49   48   54   10.52%   19-Sep-26

September-11

  COP   32   45   35   10.11%   19-Sep-18

February-13

  COP   63   30   69   9.44%   19-Feb-23

February-13

  COP   52   31   57   9.72%   19-Feb-28

November-14

  COP   51   26   55   10.32%   26-Nov-34

November-14

  COP   28   47   31   10.20%   26-Nov-29

Subtotal

  COP   309   285   337    

April-15

  USD   379   366   -   4.88%   21-Apr-25

Subtotal

  USD   379   366   337    

BANCO CONTINENTAL, S.A.

           

December-06(*)

  USD   29   28   25   2.50%   15-Feb-17

May-07

  USD   19   18   17   6.00%   14-May-27

September-07

  USD   19   18   16   2.16%   24-Sep-17

February-08

  USD   19   18   17   6.47%   28-Feb-28

June-08

  USD   -   -   25   2.97%   15-Jun-18

November-08

  USD   -   -   17   3.83%   15-Feb-19

October-10(*)

  USD   190   184   165   7.38%   07-Oct-40

October-13

  USD   43   41   37   6.53%   08-Oct-28

September-14

  USD   273   274   246   5.25%   22-Sep-29

Subtotal

  USD   591   582   565    

May-07

  PEN   11   11   11   5.85%   07-May-22

June-07

  PEN   21   20   19   3.47%   18-Jun-32

November-07

  PEN   19   18   17   3.56%   19-Nov-32

July-08

  PEN   17   15   15   3.06%   08-Jul-23

September-08

  PEN   18   17   16   3.09%   09-Sep-23

December-08

  PEN   11   10   10   4.19%   15-Dec-33

Subtotal

  PEN   97   90   88    
Total issues in foreign currencies(Millions of Euros)   9,228   8,868   7,436    

(*) Subordinated costumer deposits

 

 

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APPENDIX VI. OUTSTANDING AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2016, 2015 AND 2014 OF SUBORDINATED AND PREFERRED ISSUES

Outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 of preferred issues

 

    December 2016   December 2015   December 2014
                         
Issuer Entity and Issued Date     Currency    

  Amount Issued  

 

(Millions)

    Currency    

  Amount Issued  

 

(Millions)

    Currency    

  Amount Issued  

 

(Millions)

                         

BBVA

           

December 2007

  EUR   14   EUR   14   EUR   14

BBVA International, Ltd.

           

December 2002

  -   -   -   -   EUR   9

BBVA Capital Finance, S.A.U.

           

December 2003

  -   -   -   -   EUR   350

July 2004

  -   -   -   -   EUR   500

December 2004

  -   -   -   -   EUR   1,125

December 2008

  -   -   -   -   EUR   1,000

BBVA International Preferred, S.A.U.

           

September 2005

  EUR   86   EUR   86   EUR   85

September 2006

  EUR   164   EUR   164   EUR   164

Abril 2007

  USD   569   USD   551   USD   600

July 2007

  GBP   36   GBP   43   GBP   31

Octuber 2009

  -   -   -   -   EUR   645

Octuber 2009

  -   -   -   -   GBP   251

Phoenix Loan Holdings Inc.

           

November 2000

  USD   22   USD   22   USD   21

Caixa Terrasa Societat de Participacion

           

August 2005

  EUR   51   EUR   75   EUR   75

Caixasabadell Preferents, S.A.

           

July 2006

  EUR   53   EUR   90   EUR   90
Others   -   1   -   1   -   -

 

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APPENDIX VII Consolidated balance sheets held in foreign currency as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

 

            Millions of Euros                
December 2016    USD     

Mexican

 

Pesos

     Turkish Lira     

Other Foreign

 

Currencies

    

Total Foreign

 

Currencies

 

Assets -

              

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

     15,436        4,947        426        4,547        25,357  

Financial assets held for trading

     5,048        15,541        732        2,695        24,016  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     18,525        9,458        4,889        5,658        38,530  

Loans and receivables

     109,167        41,344        34,425        46,629        231,565  

Investments in entities accounted for using the equity method

     5        135        -        106        247  

Tangible assets

     788        2,200        1,376        844        5,207  

Other assets

     4,482        5,214        5,219        4,358        19,273  
Total      153,451        78,839        47,066        64,839        344,194  
Liabilities-               

Financial liabilities held for trading

     3,908        5,957        693        1,426        11,983  

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     150,035        53,185        28,467        53,858        285,546  

Other liabilities

     1,812        8,774        1,418        1,957        13,961  
Total      155,755        67,916        30,578        57,241        311,490  
            Millions of Euros                
December 2015    USD     

Mexican

 

Pesos

     Turkish Lira     

Other Foreign

 

Currencies

    

Total Foreign

 

Currencies

 

Assets -

              

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

     8,257        6,547        485        3,833        19,121  

Financial assets held for trading

     6,449        16,581        374        3,006        26,410  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     22,573        10,465        9,691        6,724        49,454  

Loans and receivables

     115,899        45,396        32,650        44,382        238,328  

Investments in entities accounted for using the equity method

     216        241        -        40        498  

Tangible assets

     781        2,406        1,348        762        5,296  

Other assets

     2,018        5,054        2,320        3,817        13,209  
Total      156,193        86,690        46,868        62,564        352,315  

Liabilities-

              

Financial liabilities held for trading

     5,010        5,303        513        1,925        12,750  

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     152,383        60,800        30,267        50,004        293,455  

Other liabilities

     2,001        9,038        1,393        2,132        14,564  
Total      159,394        75,141        32,173        54,061        320,769  

 

            Millions of Euros         
December 2014    USD     

Mexican

 

Pesos

    

Other Foreign

 

Currencies

    

Total Foreign

 

Currencies

 

Assets -

           

Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits

     4,905        5,995        8,516        19,416  

Financial assets held for trading

     5,727        16,745        4,073        26,545  

Available-for-sale financial assets

     13,590        11,623        9,565        34,779  

Loans and receivables

     79,935        40,641        50,804        171,380  

Investments in entities accounted for using the equity method

     5        227        3,700        3,931  

Tangible assets

     726        1,894        1,076        3,696  

Other assets

     3,874        3,861        3,934        11,669  
Total      108,762        80,985        81,668        271,415  

Liabilities-

           

Financial liabilities held for trading

     3,828        5,776        1,907        11,511  

Financial liabilities at amortized cost

     106,582        57,856        61,404        225,841  

Other liabilities

     1,612        8,620        2,657        12,889  
Total      112,021        72,252        65,968        250,241  

 

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APPENDIX VIII Information on data derived from the special accounting registry

Information required pursuant to Circular 5/2011 of the Bank of Spain is indicated as follows.

 

a)

Mortgage market policies and procedures

The Bank has express policies and procedures in place regarding its activities in the mortgage market, which provide for full compliance with applicable regulations.

The mortgage origination policy is based in principles focused on assessing the adequate ratio between the amount of the loan, and the payments, and the income of the applicant. Applicants must in all cases prove sufficient repayment ability (present and future) to meet their repayment obligations, for both the mortgage debt and for other debts detected in the financial system. Therefore, the applicant’s repayment ability is a key aspect within the credit decision-making tools and retail risk acceptance manuals, and has a high weighting in the final decision.

During the mortgage risk transaction analysis process, documentation supporting the applicant’s income (payroll, etc.) is required, and the applicant’s position in the financial system is checked through automated database queries (internal and external). This information is used for calculation purposes in order to determine the level of indebtedness/compliance with the remainder of the system. This documentation is kept in the transaction’s file.

In addition, the mortgage origination policy assesses the adequate ratio between the amount of the loan and the appraisal value of the mortgaged asset. The policy also establishes that the property to be mortgaged be appraised by an independent appraisal company as established by Circular 3/2010 and Circular 4/2016. BBVA selects those companies whose reputation, standing in the market and independence ensure that their appraisals adapt to the market reality in each region. Each appraisal is reviewed and checked before the loan is granted by BBVA staff and, in those cases where the loan is finally granted, it is kept in the transaction’s file.

As for issues related to the mortgage market, the Group’s Finance Division annually defines the wholesale finance issue strategy, and more specifically mortgage bond issues, such as mortgage covered bonds or mortgage securitization. The Assets and Liabilities Committee (“ALCO”) tracks the budget monthly. The volume and type of assets in these transactions is determined in accordance with the wholesale finance plan, the trend of the Bank’s “Loans and receivables” outstanding balances and market conditions.

The Board of the Bank authorizes each of the issues of Mortgage Transfer Certificate and/or Mortgage Participation issued by BBVA to securitize loans and mortgage loans, Likewise, the Board of Directors authorize, under the power delegated by the Annual General Meeting held on March 13, 2015 under item three of the agenda, the establishment of a Base Prospectus for the issue of fixed-income securities through which the mortgage-covered bonds are implemented.

As established in article 24 of Royal Decree 716/2009, the volume of outstanding mortgage-covered bonds issued by a bank may not exceed 80% of a calculation base determined by adding the outstanding principal of all the loans and mortgage loans in the bank’s portfolio that are eligible and are not covered by the issue of Mortgage Bonds, Mortgage Participations or Mortgage Transfer Certificates. For these purposes, in accordance with the aforementioned Royal Decree 716/2009, in order to be eligible, loans and mortgage loans must, on a general basis: (i) be secured by a first mortgage on the freehold; (ii) the loan’s amount may not exceed 80% of the appraisal value for home mortgages, and 60% for other mortgage lending; (iii) be established on assets exclusively and wholly owned by the mortgagor; (iv) have been appraised by an independent appraisal company unrelated to the Group and authorized by the Bank of Spain; and (v) the mortgaged property must be covered at least by a current damage insurance policy.

The Bank has set up a series of controls for mortgage covered bonds, which regularly control the total volume of issued mortgage covered bonds issued and the remaining eligible collateral, to avoid exceeding the maximum limit set by Royal Decree 716/2009, and outlined in the preceding paragraph. In the case of securitizations, the preliminary portfolio of loans and mortgage loans to be securitized is checked according to an agreed procedures engagement, by the Bank’s external auditor as required by the Spanish Securities and Exchange Commission. There is also a series of filters through which some mortgage loans and credits are excluded in accordance with legal, commercial and risk concentration criteria.

 

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b)

Quantitative information on activities in the mortgage market

The quantitative information on activities in the mortgage market required by Bank of Spain Circular 5/2011 is shown below.

b.1) Ongoing operations

 

          Millions of Euros      
                    

Mortgage loans.

Eligibility for the purpose of the mortgage market

        2016      2015  
Nominal value of outstanding loans and mortgage loans    (A)      113,977        98,555  

Minus: Nominal value of all outstanding loans and mortgage loans that form part of the portfolio, but have been mobilized through mortgage bond holdings or mortgage transfer certificates.

   (B)      (33,677)        (25,650)  
Nominal value of outstanding loans and mortgage loans, excluding securitized loans    (A)-(B)      80,300        72,905  

Of which:

           -  

Loans and mortgage loans which would be eligible if the calculation limits set forth in Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009 were not applied.

   (C)      46,987        40,373  

Minus: Loans and mortgage loans which would be eligible but, according to the criteria set forth in Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009, cannot be used to collateralize any issuance of mortgage bonds.

   (D)      (2,268)        (2,213)  
Eligible loans and mortgage loans that, according to the criteria set forth in Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009, can be used as collateral for the issuance of mortgage bonds    (C)-(D)      44,719        38,160  
Issuance limit: 80% of eligible loans and mortgage loans that can be used as collateral    (E)      35,775        30,528  
Issued Mortgage-covered bonds    (F)      29,085        28,362  
Outstanding Mortgage-covered bonds         24,670        25,220  
Capacity to issue mortgage-covered bonds    (E)-(F)      6,690        2,166  
Memorandum items:            -  

Percentage of overcollateralization across the portfolio

        276%        257%  

Percentage of overcollateralization across the eligible used portfolio

        154%        135%  
Nominal value of available sums (committed and unused) from all loans and mortgage loans.         2,917        1,999  
Of which:            -  

Potentially eligible

        2,237        1,361  

Ineligible

        680        638  
Nominal value of all loans and mortgage loans that are not eligible, as they do not meet the thresholds set in Article 5.1 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009, but do meet the rest of the eligibility requirements indicated in Article 4 of the Royal Decree.         25,282        25,350  
Nominal value of the replacement assets subject to the issue of mortgage-covered bonds.         -        -  

 

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          Millions of Euros  
                    

 

Mortgage loans.

 

Eligibility for the purpose of the mortgage market

 

       

 

December

 

2016

    

 

December

 

2015

 
Total loans     (1)       113,977        98,555  
Issued mortgage participations     (2)       2,865        -  

Of which: recognized on the balance sheet

      695        -  
Issued mortgage transfer certificates     (3)       30,812        25,650  

Of which: recognized on the balance sheet

      28,778        25,612  
Mortgage loans as collateral of mortgages bonds     (4)          -  
Loans supporting the issuance of mortgage-covered bonds     1-2-3-4       80,300        72,905  

Non elegible loans

      33,313        32,532  

Comply requirements to be elegible except the limit provided for under the article 5.1 of the Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009

      25,282        25,350  

Rest

      8,031        7,182  

Elegible loans

      46,987        40,373  

That can not be used as collateral for issuances

      2,268        2,213  

That can be used as collateral for issuances

      44,719        38,160  

Loans used to collateralize mortgage bonds

      -        -  

Loans used to collateralize mortgage-covered bonds

      44,719        38,160  

 

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    Millions of Euros  
                                     
    2016     2015  

Mortgage loans. Classification of the nominal

 

values according to different characteristics

 

Total mortgage

 

loans

   

Eligible

 

Loans(*)

   

 

Elegibles that

 

can be used as

 

collateral for

 

issuances (**)

 

   

Total mortgage

 

loans

   

Eligible

 

Loans(*)

   

Elegibles that

 

can be used as

 

collateral for

 

issuances (**)

 

 
TOTAL     80,300       46,987       44,719       72,905       40,373       38,160  
By source of the operations            

Originated by the bank

    74,220       42,641       40,451       64,852       34,629       32,477  

Subrogated by other institutions

    904       685       678       554       459       457  

Rest

    5,176       3,661       3,590       7,499       5,285       5,226  
By Currency            

In euros

    79,422       46,594       44,341       72,331       40,013       37,811  

In foreign currency

    878       393       378       574       360       349  
By payment situation            

Normal payment

    61,264       40,685       40,389       56,192       34,987       34,330  

Other situations

    19,036       6,302       4,330       16,713       5,386       3,830  
By residual maturity            

Up to 10 years

    19,762       12,722       11,765       18,457       11,536       10,402  

10 to 20 years

    30,912       22,417       21,646       24,926       17,896       17,317  

20 to 30 years

    19,899       9,375       8,910       18,399       8,379       7,963  

Over 30 years

    9,727       2,473       2,398       11,123       2,562       2,478  
By Interest Rate            

Fixed rate

    4,460       1,680       1,559       3,169       944       759  

Floating rate

    75,840       45,307       43,160       69,736       39,429       37,401  

Mixed rate

    -       -       -       -       -       -  
By Target of Operations            

For business activity

    20,913       8,614       6,926       20,741       7,690       5,912  

From which: public housing

    6,958       1,894       740       8,623       2,072       768  

For households

    59,387       38,373       37,793       52,164       32,683       32,248  
By type of guarantee            
Secured by completed assets/buildings     75,806       46,240       44,237       66,807       39,203       37,461  

Residential use

    61,338       39,494       38,139       56,563       34,269       33,066  

From which: public housing

    5,607       3,338       3,213       5,607       3,354       3,104  

Commercial

    5,453       2,563       2,289       9,645       4,574       4,046  

Other

    9,015       4,183       3,809       599       360       349  
Secured by assets/buildings under construction     1,914       413       295       2,125       367       277  

Residential use

    1,457       290       187       1,642       235       158  

From which: public housing

    57       11       10       84       5       4  

Commercial

    286       61       53       483       132       119  

Other

    171       62       55       -       -       -  
Secured by land     2,580       334       187       3,973       803       422  

Urban

    -       -       -       1,590       334       105  

Non-urban

    2,580       334       187       2,383       469       317  

  (*) Not taking into account the thresholds established by Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009

(**) Taking into account the thresholds established by Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009

 

    Millions of Euros  
                               
   

Loan to Value (Last available appraisal risk)

 

 

December 2016

 

Nominal value of the total mortgage loans

 

Less than or

 

equal to 40%

   

Over 40% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 60%

   

Over 60% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

    Over 80%       Total    

Home mortgages

    12,883       15,921       14,047       -       42,851  

Other mortgages

    2,150       1,986           4,136  
Total     15,033       17,907       14,047       -       46,987  

 

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    Millions of Euros  
                               
   

Loan to Value (Last available appraisal risk)

 

 

December 2015

 

Nominal value of the total mortgage

 

loans

 

Less than or

 

equal to 40%

   

Over 40% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 60%

   

Over 60% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

    Over 80%     Total  

Home mortgages

    9,364       12,730       12,690       -       34,784  

Other mortgages

    2,657       2,932           5,589  
Total     12,021       15,662       12,690       -       40,373  

 

    Millions of Euros  
                         
    2016     2015  

Elegible and non elegible mortgage loans.

Changes of the nominal values in the period

  Eligible (*)     Non eligible     Eligible (*)     Non eligible  
Balance at the begining     40,373       32,532       42,920       36,907  
Retirements     7,458       11,489       5,772       9,218  

Held-to-maturity cancellations

    3,552       2,084       4,175       2,487  

Anticipated cancellations

    1,479       1,971       1,236       2,268  

Subrogations to other institutions

    37       30       23       20  

Rest

    2,390       7,404       338       4,443  
Additions     14,072       12,270       3,225       4,843  

Originated by the bank

    10,051       9,523       2,529       3,794  

Subrogations to other institutions

    283       162       14       12  

Rest

    3,738       2,585       682       1,037  
Balance at the end     46,987       33,313       40,373       32,532  

(*) Not taking into account the thresholds established by Article 12 of Spanish Royal Decree 716/2009

 

    Millions of Euros  
             

Mortgage loans supporting the issuance of mortgage-covered bonds

Nominal value.

 

    December    

2016

   

    December    

2015

 

Potentially eligible

    2,237       1,361  

Ineligible

    680       638  
Total     2,917       1,999  

 

 

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b.2) Liabilities operations

 

    Millions of Euros  
                         
    December 2016     December 2015  
Issued Mortgage Bonds   Nominal value    

Average

 

residual

 

maturity

    Nominal value    

Average

 

residual

 

maturity

 
Mortgage bonds     -         -    
Mortgage-covered bonds (*)     29,085         28,362    

Of which:Non recognized as liabilities on balance

    4,414         3,142    

Of Which: outstanding

    24,670         25,220    

Debt securities issued through public offer

    20,773         21,523    

Residual maturity up to 1 year

    8,272         4,500    

Residual maturity over 1 year and less than 2 years

    -         6,772    

Residual maturity over 2 years and less than 3 years

    -         -    

Residual maturity over 3 years and less than 5 years

    4,801         2,051    

Residual maturity over 5 years and less than 10 years

    7,500         8,000    

Residual maturity over 10 years

    200         200    

Debt securities issued without public offer

    4,321         2,765    

Residual maturity up to 1 year

    150         -    

Residual maturity over 1 year and less than 2 years

    -         150    

Residual maturity over 2 years and less than 3 years

    -         -    

Residual maturity over 3 years and less than 5 years

    1,550         -    

Residual maturity over 5 years and less than 10 years

    2,500         2,500    

Residual maturity over 10 years

    121         115    

Deposits

    3,991         4,074    

Residual maturity up to 1 year

    460         1,064    

Residual maturity over 1 year and less than 2 years

    791         460    

Residual maturity over 2 years and less than 3 years

    380         639    

Residual maturity over 3 years and less than 5 years

    671         422    

Residual maturity over 5 years and less than 10 years

    839         849    

Residual maturity over 10 years

    850         640    
Mortgage participations     695       196       -    
Mortgage transfer certificates     28,778       286       25,612       293  

Issued through public offer

    28,778       286       25,612       293  

Issued without public offer

    -         -       -  

(*) Including mortgage-covered bonds hold by the BBVA Group’s companies

       

Given the characteristics of the type of covered bonds issued by the Bank, there is no substituting collateral related to these issues.

The Bank does not hold any derivative financial instruments relating to mortgage bond issues, as defined in the aforementioned Royal Decree.

 

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APPENDIX IX Quantitative information on refinancing and restructuring operations and other requirement under Bank of Spain Circular 6/2012

a)    Quantitative information on refinancing and restructuring operations

The breakdown of refinancing and restructuring operations as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

     

DECEMBER 2016

 

BALANCE OF FORBEARANCE

 

(Millions of Euros)

 

 
    

 

TOTAL

 

 
    

 

Unsecured loans

  

 

Secured loans

  

Accumulated

 

impairment or  

 

accumulated

 

losses in fair

 

value due to

 

credit risk

 

 
                        

Maximum amount of  

 

secured loans that can  

 

be considered  

  
    

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross  

 

carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Real estate  

 

mortgage  

 

secured  

 

  

Rest of  

 

secured  

 

loans  

 

  
Credit institutions    -    -    -    -    -    -      -  
General Governments    24    8    112    711    98    584      6  
Other financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (financial business)    3,349    59    71    18    5    -      8  
Non-financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (corporate non-financial activities)    125,328    5,057    25,327    9,643    4,844    124      5,310  
    Of which: financing the construction and property (including land)    1,519    496    5,102    4,395    694    -      2,552  

Rest homes (*)

 

   116,961    1,550    103,868    9,243    7,628    18      1,474  

 

Total

 

   245,662    6,674    129,378    19,615    12,576    726      6,798  
                         
    

 

Of which: IMPAIRED

 

 
    

 

Unsecured loans

  

 

Secured loans

  

Accumulated

 

impairment or  

 

accumulated

 

losses in fair

 

value due to

 

credit risk

 

 
                        

Maximum amount of  

 

secured loans that can  

 

be considered  

  
    

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross  

 

carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Real estate  

 

mortgage  

 

secured  

 

  

Rest of  

 

secured  

 

loans  

 

  
Credit institutions    -    -    -    -    -    -      -  
General Governments    12    8    53    33    27    -      4  
Other financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (financial business)    131    8    22    2    0    -      5  
Non-financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (corporate non-financial activities)    103,310    2,857    16,327    6,924    3,002    53      4,986  
    Of which: financing the construction and property (including land)    1,191    304    4,188    3,848    494    -      2,499  

Rest homes (*)

 

   72,199    672    47,767    4,366    3,271    3      1,285  

 

Total

 

   175,652    3,545    64,169    11,325    6,301    57      6,281  

 

  (a)

Includes mortgage-backed real estate operations with loan to value ratio of greater than 1, and secured operations, other than transactions secured by real estate mortgage regardless of their loan to value ratio.

 

  (*)

Number of operations does not include Garanti Bank

 

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DECEMBER 2015

 

BALANCE OF FORBEARANCE

 

(Millions of Euros)

 

 
    

 

TOTAL

 
    

 

Unsecured loans

  

 

Secured loans

  

Accumulated

 

impairment or  

 

accumulated

 

losses in fair

 

value due to

 

credit risk

 

 
                        

Maximum amount of  

 

secured loans that can  

 

be considered  

  
    

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross  

 

carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Real estate  

 

mortgage  

 

secured  

 

  

Rest of  

 

secured  

 

loans  

 

  
Credit institutions    -    -    -    -    -    -      -  
General Governments    71    33    75    794    75    1,397      9  
Other financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (financial business)    261    49    97    14    16    -      174  
Non-financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (corporate non-financial activities)    43,807    7,184    28,897    12,754    4,866    854      6,104  
    Of which: financing the construction and property (including land)    2,899    1,109    8,042    5,842    2,917    8      3,072  

Rest homes (*)

 

   182,924    2,291    124,473    10,882    9,723    22      1,705  

 

Total

 

   227,063    9,557    153,542    24,443    14,681    2,273      7,993  
                         
     Of which: IMPAIRED  
    

 

Unsecured loans

  

 

Secured loans

  

Accumulated

 

impairment or  

 

accumulated

 

losses in fair

 

value due to

 

credit risk

 

 
                        

Maximum amount of  

 

secured loans that can  

 

be considered  

  
    

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross  

 

carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Number of  

 

operations  

 

  

Gross carrying  

 

amount  

 

  

Real estate  

 

mortgage  

 

secured  

 

  

Rest of  

 

secured  

 

loans  

 

  
Credit institutions    -    -    -    -    -    -      -  
General Governments    31    13    7    5    3    -      6  
Other financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (financial business)    113    30    74    8    5    -      139  
Non-financial corporations and individual entrepreneurs (corporate non-financial activities)    17,499    2,895    16,565    8,177    1,707    449      5,533  
    Of which: financing the construction and property (including land)    2,319    834    5,543    4,451    1,836    7      2,910  

Rest homes (*)

 

   80,652    772    44,195    4,172    2,897    11      1,454  

 

Total

 

   98,295    3,710    60,841    12,361    4,612    460      7,132  

 

  a)

Includes mortgage-backed real estate operations with loan to value ratio of greater than 1, and secured operations, other than transactions secured by real estate mortgage regardless of their loan to value ratio.

  (*)

Number of operations does not include Garanti Bank

In addition to the restructuring and refinancing transactions mentioned in this section, loans that were not considered impaired or renegotiated have been modified based on the criteria set out in paragraph 59 (c) of IAS 39. These loans have not been classified as renegotiated or impaired, since they were modified for commercial or competitive reasons (for instance, to improve our relationship with the client) rather than for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial situation.

The table below provides a roll forward of refinanced assets during 2016:

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 

Refinanced assets Roll forward

 

December 2016

 

 

Normal

 

   

 

Impaired

 

   

 

TOTAL

 

 
        Risk               Coverage               Risk               Coverage                   Risk               Coverage      
Balance at the beginning     17,929       861       16,071       7,132       34,000       7,993  

(+) Additions

    2,523       279       1,655       712       4,178       991  

(-) Decreases (payments or repayments)

    (2,788)       (366)       (1,754)       (835)       (4,542)       (1,201)  

(-) Foreclosures

    (3)       -       (174)       (84)       (177)       (84)  

(-) Write-offs

    (52)       (1)       (1,230)       (841)       (1,282)       (842)  

(+)/(-) Other

    (6,191)       (256)       301       196       (5,890)       (60)  
Ending Balance     11,418       517       14,869       6,281       26,288       6,798  

The table below provides a breakdown by segments of the forbearance operations (net of provisions) as of December 2016 and 2015:

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Forbereance operations. Breakdown by segments

 

 

 

December 2016      

 

   

 

December 2015      

 

 

Credit institutions

   

Central governments

    713       818  

Other financial corporations and individual entrepeneurs (financial activity)

    69       (112

Non-financial corporations and individual entrepeneurs (non-financial activity)

    9,390       13,833  

Of which: Financing the construction and property development (including land)

    2,339       3,879  

Households

    9,319       11,468  

Total carrying amount

    19,491       26,007  

Financing classified as non-current assets and disposal groups held for sale

    -                 -            

NPL ratio by type of renegotiated loan

The non performing ratio of the renegotiated portfolio is defined as the impaired balance of renegotiated loans that shows signs of difficulties as of the closing of the reporting period, divided by the total payment outstanding in that portfolio.

As of December 31, 2016, the non performing ratio for each of the portfolios of renegotiated loans is as follows:

 

December 2016

 

NPL ratio renegotiated loan portfolio

 

Ratio of Impaired loans    

 

 

- Past due

General governments

  6%

Commercial

  57%

    Of which: Construction and developer

  85%

Other consumer

  39%

56% of the renegotiated loans classified as impaired was for reasons other than default (delinquency).

 

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b)

Quantitative information on the concentration of risk by activity and guarantees

 

  

Loans and advances to customers by activity (carrying amount)

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

December 2016       TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       34,820       4,722       3,700       380       715       1,266       2,740       3,320
2 Other financial institutions       17,181       800       8,168       650       464       319       6,846       690
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       183,871       47,105       22,663       17,000       13,122       11,667       14,445       13,533

3.1 Construction and property development

      19,283       12,888       1,736       3,074       4,173       3,843       2,217       1,316

3.2 Construction of civil works

      8,884       1,920       478       508       547       469       379       494

3.3 Other purposes

      155,704       32,297       20,449       13,417       8,402       7,356       11,850       11,722

3.3.1 Large companies

      107,550       16,041       16,349       7,311       5,149       4,777       7,160       7,993

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      48,154       16,257       4,100       6,106       3,253       2,579       4,689       3,729
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       178,781       129,590       5,257       21,906       24,764       34,434       34,254       19,489

4.1 Housing

      127,606       124,427       477       18,802       23,120       32,713       32,148       18,122

4.2 Consumption

      44,504       3,181       3,732       2,535       1,278       1,230       1,322       547

4.3 Other purposes

      6,671       1,982       1,048       569       366       491       784       820
SUBTOTAL       414,654       182,216       39,789       39,936       39,065       47,687       58,286       37,032
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6     TOTAL

 

      414,654       182,216       39,789       39,936       39,065       47,687       58,286       37,032

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations (****)       19,491       8,031       6,504       3,703       1,845       2,316       2,091       4,580

 

  (*)

The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

  (**)

Small and medium enterprises

  (***)

Nonprofit institutions serving households.

  (****)

Net of provisions

 

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Millions of Euros

 

December 2015       TOTAL (*)      

Of which:  

 

Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or  

 

equal to 40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or equal  

 

to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or equal  

 

to 80%  

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or equal  

 

to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       38,555       4,483       3,868       643       690       1,088       2,506       3,424
2 Other financial institutions       14,319       663       6,098       710       474       302       4,610       666
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       184,203       47,773       24,034       20,400       14,931       11,480       12,491       12,506

3.1 Construction and property development

      19,914       13,295       1,682       3,148       5,465       3,663       1,911       789

3.2 Construction of civil works

      9,687       2,322       1,023       827       615       576       373       954

3.3 Other purposes

      154,602       32,157       21,329       16,425       8,850       7,242       10,207       10,763

3.3.1 Large companies

      96,239       11,959       15,663       6,207       4,569       4,248       5,627       6,971

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      58,363       20,198       5,665       10,218       4,281       2,993       4,579       3,792
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       181,385       132,358       5,397       24,737       34,007       46,885       23,891       8,235

4.1 Housing

      127,260       124,133       513       20,214       31,816       44,506       21,300       6,810

4.2 Consumption

      42,211       3,627       3,738       2,311       1,156       1,398       2,118       381

4.3 Other purposes

      11,914       4,599       1,146       2,212       1,035       982       472       1,043
SUBTOTAL       418,462       185,278       39,396       46,490       50,102       59,756       43,498       24,830
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       4,233       -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6    TOTAL

 

      414,230       185,278       39,396       46,490       50,102       59,756       43,498       24,830

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations (****)       26,080       10,931       7,457       2,728       1,797       2,575       4,665       6,623
Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       63                            

 

  (*)

The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

  (**)

Small and medium enterprises

  (***)

Nonprofit institutions serving households.

  (****)

Net of provisions except valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

December 2014       TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       38,765       2,279       4,082       389       348       448       2,005       3,171
2 Other financial institutions       16,516       649       9,951       623       371       155       8,801       650
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       133,577       33,185       16,878       13,780       9,955       11,390       6,826       8,112

3.1 Construction and property development

      11,896       10,697       784       2,143       2,229       2,873       1,959       2,277

3.2 Construction of civil works

      6,252       1,182       609       368       327       416       368       312

3.3 Other purposes

      115,429       21,306       15,485       11,269       7,399       8,101       4,499       5,523

3.3.1 Large companies

      75,808       8,060       11,470       4,874       3,861       5,509       2,899       2,387

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      39,621       13,246       4,015       6,395       3,538       2,592       1,600       3,136
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       152,533       111,298       7,950       22,050       28,301       40,428       16,448       12,021

4.1 Housing

      107,549       105,542       437       18,586       25,956       37,079       14,127       10,231

4.2 Consumption

      28,642       2,707       5,832       2,106       1,517       2,322       1,698       896

4.3 Other purposes

      16,342       3,049       1,681       1,358       828       1,027       623       894
SUBTOTAL       341,391       147,411       38,861       36,842       38,975       52,421       34,080       23,954
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       2,606       -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6     TOTAL

 

      338,785       147,411       38,861       36,842       38,975       52,421       34,080       23,954

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations       24,218       17,088       1,444       2,807       2,298       3,102       3,250       7,075
  (*)

The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

  (**)

Small and medium enterprises

  (***)

Nonprofit institutions serving households.

  (****)

Net of provisions except valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations.

 

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The information for the main geographic areas is as follows:

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

BBVA, S.A.

 

December 2016

      TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       21,763       440       544       32       108       101       636       106
2 Other financial institutions       11,888       311       6,650       21       63       87       6,767       24
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       70,225       15,431       2,085       4,949       4,595       3,807       2,009       2,155

3.1 Construction and property development

      4,443       4,064       10       1,026       1,050       992       612       394

3.2 Construction of civil works

      5,847       1,309       69       324       436       246       182       191

3.3 Other purposes

      59,934       10,057       2,006       3,599       3,109       2,569       1,216       1,570

3.3.1 Large companies

      38,868       2,292       998       722       734       725       333       777

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      21,066       7,765       1,007       2,877       2,375       1,844       883       793
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       96,771       86,075       373       14,688       19,050       21,137       16,016       15,556

4.1 Housing

      86,423       84,619       81       14,246       18,610       20,771       15,709       15,363

4.2 Consumption

      7,240       377       118       151       108       102       79       56

4.3 Other purposes

      3,108       1,079       174       292       331       265       228       138
SUBTOTAL       200,646       102,256       9,652       19,691       23,816       25,132       25,428       17,841
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6 TOTAL

 

      200,646       102,256       9,652       19,691       23,816       25,132       25,428       17,841

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations (****)       14,756       8,800       7,292       3,322       1,574       1,734       1,458       3,629
                                    
   

Millions of Euros

 

Bancomer

 

December 2016

      TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       7,260       173       2,983       56       29       385       26       2,659
2 Other financial institutions       816       7       337       315       12       5       12       0
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       18,089       4,520       3,107       5,012       957       484       347       826

3.1 Construction and property development

      786       677       33       547       52       56       23       31

3.2 Construction of civil works

      148       27       35       51       7       3       0       0

3.3 Other purposes

      17,154       3,816       3,040       4,414       898       425       324       795

3.3.1 Large companies

      11,611       2,761       1,434       2,506       537       311       211       630

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      5,542       1,055       1,606       1,908       360       114       113       166
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       19,559       8,980       -         1,219       1,684       3,014       2,388       675

4.1 Housing

      8,980       8,980       -         1,219       1,684       3,014       2,388       675

4.2 Consumption

      10,579       -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

4.3 Other purposes

      -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  
SUBTOTAL       45,724       13,680       6,427       6,603       2,682       3,888       2,773       4,160
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6 TOTAL

 

      45,724       13,680       6,427       6,603       2,682       3,888       2,773       4,160

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations (****)       1,477       621       682       167       72       225       128       563

 

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Table of Contents
   

Millions of Euros

 

Compass Bank

 

December 2016

      TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       693       624       28       78       89       161       222       103
2 Other financial institutions       1,464       431       752       214       229       216       58       467
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       29,521       12,711       12,439       5,059       6,778       6,009       2,218       5,087

3.1 Construction and property development

      8,441       6,021       1,356       1,254       2,967       2,638       146       372

3.2 Construction of civil works

      300       212       65       65       53       90       42       27

3.3 Other purposes

      20,779       6,478       11,018       3,740       3,757       3,281       2,030       4,688

3.3.1 Large companies

      18,663       5,105       10,749       3,530       3,557       3,038       1,960       3,768

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      2,117       1,373       270       210       200       243       70       920
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       20,005       15,132       3,955       2,584       2,932       7,456       5,018       1,098

4.1 Housing

      12,857       12,490       368       512       1,843       6,366       4,029       107

4.2 Consumption

      6,554       2,614       3,041       2,066       1,077       1,067       977       466

4.3 Other purposes

      594       29       547       6       11       23       11       524
SUBTOTAL       51,683       28,899       17,174       7,935       10,028       13,841       7,515       6,754
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6    TOTAL

 

      51,683       28,899       17,174       7,935       10,028       13,841       7,515       6,754

MEMORANDUM:

                               
Forbereance operations (****)       405       196       252       49       112       129       72       39
                                    
   

Millions of Euros

 

Garanti Bank

 

December 2016

      TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       210       -         -         -         -         -         -         -  
2 Other financial institutions       1,133       17       1       -         -         -         2       16
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       31,889       8,562       665       -         -         122       7,246       1,860

3.1 Construction and property development

      3,288       1,380       173       -         -         21       1,172       360

3.2 Construction of civil works

      1,125       -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

3.3 Other purposes

      27,476       7,182       492       -         -         100       6,074       1,500

3.3.1 Large companies

      18,664       3,719       263       -         -         40       3,324       619

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      8,812       3,463       229       -         -         61       2,750       881
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       15,734       5,540       68       2       -         11       5,593       2

4.1 Housing

      5,799       5,295       1       2       -         9       5,283       -  

4.2 Consumption

      9,231       144       67       -         -         1       208       1

4.3 Other purposes

      704       101       1       -         -         -         102       1
SUBTOTAL       48,967       14,119       734       2       -         133       12,840       1,878
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6     TOTAL

 

      48,967       14,119       734       2       -         133       12,840       1,878

MEMORANDUM:

                      -              
Forbereance operations (****)       1,405       576       2       2       -         -         291       122

 

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Millions of Euros

 

Other entities

 

December 2016

      TOTAL (*)      

Of which:

 

  Mortgage loans  

 

Of which:  

 

Secured loans  

  Collateralized Credit Risk. Loan to value
       

Less than or equal to  

 

40%  

 

Over 40% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 60%  

 

Over 60% but  

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

 

Over 80% but  

 

less than or  

 

equal to 100%  

      Over 100%    
1 General governments       4,894       3,485       145       214       489       619       1,856       452
2 Other financial institutions       1,881       33       429       100       160       11       7       184
3 Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs       34,148       5,881       4,367       1,979       792       1,246       2,626       3,605

3.1 Construction and property development

      2,324       746       164       247       104       136       264       160

3.2 Construction of civil works

      1,463       372       309       69       49       131       156       276

3.3 Other purposes

      30,361       4,764       3,893       1,663       638       980       2,206       3,169

3.3.1 Large companies

      19,744       2,163       2,905       553       320       663       1,332       2,200

3.3.2 SMEs (**) and individual entrepreneurs

      10,617       2,601       988       1,111       318       317       874       969
4 Rest of households and NPISHs (***)       26,712       13,863       861       3,412       1,099       2,816       5,240       2,157

4.1 Housing

      13,547       13,044       28       2,823       983       2,553       4,738       1,976

4.2 Consumption

      10,900       46       507       318       93       60       58       25

4.3 Other purposes

      2,265       773       326       271       23       204       444       157
SUBTOTAL       67,635       23,261       5,802       5,705       2,539       4,693       9,728       6,398
5 Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations       -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  

 

6     TOTAL

 

      67,635       23,261       5,802       5,705       2,539       4,693       9,728       6,398

MEMORANDUM:

      -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -  
Forbereance operations (****)       1,447       2,161       1,724       162       86       228       141       226

 

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c) Information on the concentration of risk by activity and geographical areas.

 

                                                                                                                                                
              

Millions of Euros

 

         
         
December 2016        TOTAL(*)        Spain   

European Union

 

Other

 

   America    Other
Credit institutions    84,381          12,198        40,552        17,498          14,133      
General governments    134,261          61,495        14,865        47,072          10,829      

Central Administration

   92,155          39,080        14,550        27,758          10,768      

Other

   42,105          22,415        315        19,314          61      
Other financial institutions    47,029          16,942        14,881        12,631          2,576      
Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs    249,322          69,833        26,335        98,797          54,357      

Construction and property development

   23,141          5,572        371        11,988          5,209      

Construction of civil works

   14,185          6,180        2,493        3,803          1,709      

Other purposes

   211,996          58,080        23,471        83,005          47,439      

Large companies

   158,356          35,514        22,074        64,940          35,828      

SMEs and individual entrepreneurs

   53,640          22,566        1,397        18,065          11,611      
Other households and NPISHs    179,051          96,345        3,796        62,836          16,073      

Housing

   127,607          85,763        3,025        32,775          6,044      

Consumer

   44,504          7,230        642        27,398          9,234      

Other purposes

   6,939          3,352        129        2,663          795      
SUBTOTAL    694,044          256,813        100,428        238,834          97,968      
Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations    -          -        -        -          -      
TOTAL    694,044          256,813        100,428        238,834          97,968      

(*) The definition of risk for the purpose of this statement includes the following items on the public balance sheet: Loans and advances to credit institutions, Loans and advances to customers, Debt securities, Equity instruments, Other equity securities, Derivatives, Trading Derivatives, Derivatives – Hedge accounting derivatives, Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates and guarantees given and Contingent risks. The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

    
         
December 2015    TOTAL(*)    Spain   

European Union
Other

 

   America    Other
Credit institutions    81,106          13,014        37,738        20,675          9,679      
General governments    151,919          74,931        14,393        50,242          12,354      

Central Administration

   107,118          48,617        13,786        32,401          12,314      

Other

   44,801          26,314        607        17,840          40      
Other financial institutions    46,744          16,768        13,623        13,324          3,029      
Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs    248,207          72,710        26,561        94,632          54,305      

Construction and property development

   23,484          5,862        278        11,946          5,397      

Construction of civil works

   15,540          8,687        2,149        3,497          1,207      

Other purposes

   209,183          58,161        24,134        79,188          47,701      

Large companies

   144,990          34,358        22,399        52,704          35,529      

SMEs and individual entrepreneurs

   64,193          23,803        1,734        26,484          12,172      
Other households and NPISHs    182,335          100,510        3,832        61,084          16,910      

Housing

   127,261          88,185        3,103        29,794          6,179      

Consumer

   42,221          6,728        649        24,799          10,044      

Other purposes

   12,853          5,597        80        6,490          686      
SUBTOTAL    710,311          277,932        96,146        239,956          96,276      
Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations    (4,313)                 
TOTAL    705,998                  

 

  (*)

The definition of risk for the purpose of this statement includes the following items on the public balance sheet: Loans and advances to credit institutions, Loans and advances to customers, Debt securities, Equity instruments, Derivatives, Derivatives, Derivatives – Hedge accounting, Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates and guarantees given. The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

    
         
December 2014    TOTAL(*)    Spain   

Rest of

 

European Union

 

   America    Other
Credit institutions    79,081          13,764        41,614        16,454          7,249      
General governments    139,222          71,274        13,540        53,718          690      

Central Administration

   94,079          43,114        13,036        37,391          538      

Other

   45,143          28,160        504        16,327          152      
Other financial institutions    41,477          14,639        11,811        14,772          255      
Non-financial institutions and individual entrepreneurs    182,632          70,830        23,399        82,737          5,666      

Construction and property development

   16,468          6,946        69        9,447          6      

Construction of civil works

   9,436          4,025        1,615        3,723          73      

Other purposes

   156,728          59,859        21,715        69,567          5,587      

Large companies

   106,448          41,167        19,189        41,337          4,755      

SMEs and individual entrepreneurs

   50,280          18,692        2,526        28,230          832      
Other households and NPISHs    154,287          83,501        3,438        67,109          239      

Housing

   109,046          74,799        2,766        31,278          203      

Consumer

   28,642          5,699        562        22,378          3      

Other purposes

   16,599          3,003        110        13,453          33      
SUBTOTAL    596,699          254,008        93,802        234,790          14,099      
Less: Valuation adjustments due to impairment of assets not attributable to specific operations    2,629          -        -        -          -      
TOTAL    594,070          254,008        93,802        234,790          14,099      

 

  (*)

The definition of risk for the purpose of this statement includes the following items on the public balance sheet: Loans and advances to credit institutions, Loans and advances to customers, Debt securities, Equity instruments, Derivatives, Derivatives, Derivatives – Hedge accounting, Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates and guarantees given. The amounts included in this table are net of impairment losses.

 

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APPENDIX X Additional information on Risk Concentration

a) Sovereign risk exposure

The table below provides a breakdown of exposure to financial assets (excluding derivatives and equity instruments), as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 by type of counterparty and the country of residence of such counterparty. The below figures do not take into account accumulated other comprehensive income, impairment losses or loan-loss provisions:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
     Sovereign Risk (*)  

 

Risk Exposure by Countries

 

  

 

December

 

2016

    

 

December

 

2015

 

Spain

     60,434        74,020  

Turkey

     10,478        12,037  

Italy

     12,206        10,694  

France

     518        1,029  

Portugal

     586        704  

Germany

     521        560  

United Kingdom

     17        4  

Ireland

     -        1  

Greece

     -        -  

Rest of Europe

     940        1,278  
Subtotal Europe      85,699        100,327  

Mexico

     26,942        22,192  

The United States

     16,039        11,378  

Venezuela

     179        152  

Rest of countries

     3,814        3,711  

Total Rest of Countries

     46,974        37,433  
Total Exposure to Financial Instruments      132,674        137,760  

(*) In addition, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, undrawn lines of credit, granted mainly to the Spanish General Governments and amounted to 2,864 million and, 2,584 million, respectively.

The exposure to sovereign risk set out in the above table includes positions held in government debt securities in countries where the Group operates. They are used for ALCO’s management of the interest-rate risk on the balance sheets of the Group’s entities in these countries, as well as for hedging of pension and insurance commitments by insurance entities within the BBVA Group.

Sovereign risk exposure in Europe

The table below provides a breakdown of the exposure of the Group’s credit institutions to European sovereign risk as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 by type of financial instrument and the country of residence of the counterparty, under EBA (European Banking Authority) requirements:

 

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Table of Contents
                           

Millions of Euros

 

                                     
    Debt securities     Loans and
receivables
    Derivatives         Total               %         
        Direct exposure     Indirect exposure      

Exposure to Sovereign Risk by

 

European Union Countries

 

December 2016

  Financial
Assets Held-
for-Trading
    Financial
assets
designated
at fair value
through
profit or
loss
    Available-
for-Sale
Financial
Assets
    Held -to-
maturity
investment
      Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -     Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -      

Spain

    927       -       13,385       8,063       24,835       1,786       88       (27     (744     993       (1,569     47,737       81%  

Italy

    1,973       -       4,806       2,719       60       -       -       -       (1,321     1,271       (866     8,641       15%  

France

    250       -       -       -       28       -       -       -       (13     46       (63     248       0%  

Germany

    82       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       (5     203       (249     30       0%  

Portugal

    54       -       1       -       285       1,150       0       (215     10       1       (6     1,280       2%  

United Kingdom

    -       -       -       -       16       -       -       -       (9     1       (0     8       0%  

Greece

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       0%  

Hungary

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       0%  

Ireland

    -       -       -       -       0       -       -       -       -       -       -       0       0%  

Rest of European Union

    195       -       469       -       36       -       -       -       30       13       (6     736       1%  
Total Exposure to Sovereign Counterparties (European Union)     3,482       -       18,660       10,783       25,259       2,936       88       (242     (2,053     2,527       (2,759     58,680       100%  

 

  (1)

This table shows sovereign risk balances with EBA criteria. Therefore, sovereign risk of the Group’s insurance companies (10,443 million as of December 31, 2016) is not included.

 

  (2)

Includes credit derivatives CDS (Credit Default Swaps) shown at fair value.

 

                           

Millions of Euros

 

                                     
    Debt securities     Loans and
receivables
    Derivatives(2)         Total               %         
        Direct exposure     Indirect exposure      

Exposure to Sovereign Risk by

 

European Union Countries(1)

 

December 2015

  Financial
Assets Held-
for-Trading
    Financial
assets
designated
at fair value
through
profit or
loss
    Available-
for-Sale
Financial
Assets
    Held -to-
maturity
investment
      Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -     Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -      

Spain

    5,293       -       31,621       -       26,111       1,871       125       (37     (1,785     82       (84     63,112       85.7%  

Italy

    1,205       -       7,385       -       80       -       -       -       258       12       (26     8,656       11.8%  

France

    531       -       10       -       34       -       -       -       141       2       (31     546       0.7%  

Germany

    162       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       166       -       (21     141       0.2%  

Portugal

    179       -       1       -       428       1,161       2       (225     90       1       (1     384       0.5%  

United Kingdom

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       13       2       (1     2       0.0%  

Greece

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       0.0%  

Hungary

    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       0.0%  

Ireland

    1       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       1       0.0%  

Rest of European Union

    319       -       429       -       38       -       -       -       33       15       (8     794       1.1%  
Total Exposure to Sovereign Counterparties (European Union)     7,689       -       39,446       -       26,691       3,033       127       (263     (1,084     115       (172     73,634       100%  

 

  (1)

This table shows sovereign risk balances with EBA criteria. Therefore, sovereign risk of the Group’s insurance companies (6,300 million as of December 31, 2015) is not included.

 

  (2)

Includes credit derivatives CDS (Credit Default Swaps) shown at fair value.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 the breakdown of total exposure faced by the Group’s credit institutions to Spain and other countries, by maturity of the financial instruments, is as follows:

 

                           

Millions of Euros

 

                                     
    Debt securities     Loans and
receivables
    Derivatives         Total               %         
        Direct exposure     Indirect exposure      

Maturities of Sovereign Risks

 

European Union

 

December 2016

  Financial
Assets Held-
for-Trading
    Financial
assets
designated
at fair value
through
profit or
loss
    Available-
for-Sale
Financial
Assets
    Held -to-
maturity
investment
      Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -     Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -      

Spain

    927       -       13,385       8,063       24,835       1,786       88       (27     (744     993       (1,569     47,737       81%  

Up to 1 Year

    913       -       889       1,989       9,087       -       -       -       (736     993       (1,564     11,571       20%  

1 to 5 Years

    1,272       -       3,116       3,319       7,059       1,209       32       (1     (3     0       (0     16,004       27%  

Over 5 Years

    (1,259     -       9,380       2,755       4,595       577       56       (27     (6     -       (4     16,068       27%  

Rest of European Union

    2,554       -       5,275       2,719       424       1,150       0       (215     (1,309     1,534       (1,191     10,943       19%  

Up to 1 Year

    (395     -       38       -       2       -       -       -       (1,721     1,507       (1,054     (1,623     -3%  

1 to 5 Years

    1,535       -       2,050       1,958       247       381       0       (12     194       19       (50     6,322       11%  

Over 5 Years

    1,414       -       3,186       761       175       770       -       (203     218       8       (86     6,243       11%  
Total Exposure to European Union Sovereign Counterparties     3,482       -       18,660       10,783       25,259       2,936       88       (242     (2,053     2,527       (2,759     58,680       100.0%  

 

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Millions of Euros

 

                                     
    Debt securities     Loans and
receivables
    Derivatives         Total               %         
        Direct exposure     Indirect exposure      

Maturities of Sovereign Risks

 

European Union

 

December 2015

  Financial
Assets Held-
for-Trading
    Financial
assets
designated
at fair value
through
profit or
loss
    Available-
for-Sale
Financial
Assets
    Held -to-
maturity
investment
      Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -     Notional
value
    Fair value +     Fair value -      

Spain

    5,293       -       31,621       -       26,111       1,871       125       (37     (1,785     82       (84     63,112       86%  

Up to 1 Year

    4,552       -       5,665       -       10,267       242       2       (19     (1,721     79       (77     20,469       27.8%  

1 to 5 Years

    662       -       11,890       -       10,693       932       25       (1     (48     -       (1     23,269       31.6%  

Over 5 Years

    79       -       14,067       -       5,151       698       98       (17     (17     3       (7     19,373       26.3%  

Rest of European Union

    2,396       -       7,825       -       580       1,161       2       (225     702       32       (88     10,522       14.3%  

Up to 1 Year

    1,943       -       40       -       24       319       2       (4     292       5       (6     2,005       2.7%  

1 to 5 Years

    237       -       4,150       -       245       -       -       -       161       23       (29     4,626       6.3%  

Over 5 Years

    216       -       3,635       -       311       842       -       (221     248       4       (53     3,891       5.3%  
Total Exposure to European Union Sovereign Counterparties     7,689       -       39,446       -       26,691       3,033       127       (263     (1,084     115       (172     73,634       100.0%  

 

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b) Concentration of risk on activities in the real-estate market in Spain

Quantitative information on activities in the real-estate market in Spain

The following quantitative information on real-estate activities in Spain has been prepared using the reporting models required by Bank of Spain Circular 5/2011, of November 30.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, exposure to the construction sector and real-estate activities in Spain stood at 15,285 and 18,744 million, respectively. Of that amount, risk from loans to construction and real-estate development activities accounted for 7,930 and 9,681 million, respectively, representing 4.5% and 6.0% of loans and advances to customers of the balance of business in Spain (excluding the general governments) and 1.1% and 1.3% of the total assets of the Consolidated Group.

Lending for real estate development of the loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is shown below:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2016

 

Financing Allocated to Construction and Real Estate

 

Development and its Coverage

  

Gross

 

  Amount  

    

Drawn Over

 

the

 

Guarantee

 

Value

    

Accumulated

 

impairment

 

Financing to construction ans real estate development

(including land) (Business in Spain)

     7,930        3,449        (2,944

Of which: Impaired assets

     5,095        2,680        (2,888

Memorandum item:

        

Write-offs

     2,061        

Memorandum item:

        

Total loans and advances to customers, excluding the

General Goverments (Business in Spain)

     159,492        

Total consolidated assets (total business)

     731,856        

Impairment and provisions for normal exposures

     (5,830)        
    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2015

 

Financing Allocated by credit institutions to Construction and

 

Real Estate Development and lending for house purchase

  

Gross

 

  Amount  

    

Drawn Over

 

the

 

Guarantee

 

Value

    

Accumulated

 

impairment

 
Financing to construction ans real estate development (including land) (Business in Spain)      9,681        4,132        (3,801

Of which: Impaired assets

     6,231        3,087        (3,600

Memorandum item:

        

Write-offs

     1,741        

Memorandum item:

        

Total loans and advances to customers, excluding the

General Goverments (Business in Spain)

     161,416        

Total consolidated assets (total business)

     750,078        

Impairment and provisions for normal exposures

     (4,549)        

 

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The following is a description of the real estate credit risk based on the types of associated guarantees:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Financing Allocated by credit institutions to

 

Construction and Real Estate Development and lending

 

for house purchase

  

December

 

2016

    

December

 

2015

 
Without secured loan      801        1,157  
With secured loan      7,129        8,524  

Terminated buildings

     3,875        4,941  

Homes

     2,954        4,112  

Other

     921        829  

Buildings under construction

     760        688  

Homes

     633        660  

Other

     127        28  

Land

     2,494        2,895  

Urbanized land

     1,196        1,541  

Rest of land

     1,298        1,354  
Total      7,930        9,681  

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, 48.9% and 51.0% of loans to developers were guaranteed with buildings (76.2% and 83.2%, are homes), and only 31.5% and 29.9% by land, of which 48.0% and 53.2% are in urban locations, respectively.

The table below provides the breakdown of the financial guarantees given as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Financial guarantees given

 

           2016                      2015          
Houses purchase loans      62        57  
Without mortgage      18        23  

The information on the retail mortgage portfolio risk (housing mortgage) as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

Financing Allocated by credit institutions to

 

Construction and Real Estate Development and lending

 

for house purchase December 2016

   Gross amount     

Of which:

 

impaired loans

 
Houses purchase loans      87,874        4,938  

Without mortgage

     1,935        93  

With mortgage

     85,939        4,845  

 

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Millions of Euros

 

 

Financing Allocated by credit institutions to

 

Construction and Real Estate Development and lending

 

for house purchase December 2015

   Gross amount     

Of which:

 

impaired loans

 
Houses purchase loans      91,150        4,869  

With mortgage

     1,480        24  

Without mortgage

     89,670        4,845  

The loan to value (LTV) ratio of the above portfolio is as follows:

 

     Millions of Euros  
     Total risk over the amount of the last valuation available (Loan To Value-LTV)  

December 2016

 

LTV Breakdown of mortgage to households

 

for the purchase of a home

 

(Business in Spain)

  

Less than or

 

equal to 40%

    

Over 40% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 60%

    

Over 60% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

    

Over 80% but

 

less than or

 

equal to

 

100%

         Over 100%                Total        
Gross amount      13,780        18,223        20,705        15,967        17,264        85,939  

of which: Impaired loans

     306        447        747        962        2,383        4,845  

 

     Millions of Euros  
     Total risk over the amount of the last valuation available (Loan To Value-LTV)  

December 2015

 

LTV Breakdown of mortgage to households

 

for the purchase of a home

 

(Business in Spain)

  

Less than or

 

equal to 40%

    

Over 40% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 60%

    

Over 60% but

 

less than or

 

equal to 80%

    

Over 80% but

 

less than or

 

equal to

 

100%

         Over 100%                Total        
Gross amount      18,294        27,032        30,952        7,489        5,903        89,670  

of which: Impaired loans

     202        392        771        991        2,489        4,845  

Outstanding home mortgage loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 had an average LTV of 47% and 46% respectively.

 

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The breakdown of foreclosed, acquired, purchased or exchanged assets from debt from loans relating to business in Spain, as well as the holdings and financing to non-consolidated entities holding such assets is as follows:

 

   

Millions of Euros

 

 
    December 2016  

Information about Assets Received in Payment of Debts

 

(Business in Spain)

 

    Gross    

 

Value

        Provisions        

Of which:

Valuation
adjustments on
  impaired assets,    
at the time of
foreclosure

        Carrying    
Amount
 
Real estate assets from loans to the construction and real estate development sectors in Spain.     8,017       5,290       2,790       2,727  

Terminated buildings

    2,602       1,346       688       1,256  

Homes

    1,586       801       408       785  

Other

    1,016       545       280       471  

Buildings under construction

    665       429       203       236  

Homes

    642       414       195       228  

Other

    23       15       8       8  

Land

    4,750       3,515       1,899       1,235  

Urbanized land

    3,240       2,382       1,364       858  

Rest of land

    1,510       1,133       535       377  
Real estate assets from mortgage financing for households for the purchase of a home     4,332       2,588       1,069       1,744  
Rest of foreclosed real estate assets     1,856       1,006       225       850  
Equity instruments, investments and financing to non-consolidated companies holding said assets     1,240       549       451       691  
Total     15,445       9,433       4,535       6,012  
   

Millions of Euros

 

 
    December 2015  

Information about Assets Received in Payment of Debts

 

(Business in Spain)

 

    Gross    

 

Value

        Provisions        

Of which:

Valuation
adjustments on
  impaired assets,    
at the time of
foreclosure

        Carrying    
Amount
 
Real estate assets from loans to the construction and real estate development sectors in Spain.     8,938       5,364       2,838       3,574  

Finished buildings

    2,981       1,498       737       1,483  

Homes

    1,606       767       388       839  

Other

    1,375       731       349       644  

Buildings under construction

    745       422       204       323  

Homes

    714       400       191       314  

Other

    31       22       13       9  

Land

    5,212       3,444       1,897       1,768  

Urbanized land

    3,632       2,404       1,366       1,228  

Rest of land

    1,580       1,040       531       540  
Real estate assets from mortgage financing for households for the purchase of a home     4,937       2,687       1,143       2,250  
Rest of foreclosed real estate assets     1,368       678       148       690  
Equity instruments, investments and financing to non-consolidated companies holding said assets     895       532       433       363  
Total     16,138       9,261       4,562       6,877  

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the gross book value of the Group’s real-estate assets from corporate financing of real-estate construction and development was 8,017 and 8,938 million, respectively, with an average coverage ratio of 66.0% and 60.0%, respectively.

 

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The gross book value of real-estate assets from mortgage lending to households for home purchase as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, amounted to 4,332 and 4,937 million, respectively, with an average coverage ratio of 59.7% and 54.4%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the gross book value of the BBVA Group’s total real-estate assets (business in Spain), including other real-estate assets received as debt payment, was 14,205 and 15,243 million, respectively. The coverage ratio was 62.5% and 57.3%, respectively.

 

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c) Concentration of risk by geography

Below is a breakdown of the balances of financial instruments registered in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets by their concentration in geographical areas and according to the residence of the customer or counterparty. It does not take into account impairment losses or loan-loss provisions:

 

                     

Millions of Euros

 

             

Risks by Geographical Areas

 

December 2016

        Spain          

Europe,

 

    Excluding    

 

Spain

        Mexico               USA               Turkey        

South

 

    America    

        Other               Total        
Derivatives     7,143       26,176       2,719       4,045       175       1,359       1,339       42,955  
Equity instruments (*)     4,641       2,303       2,383       831       57       316       706       11,236  
Debt securities     49,355       20,325       22,380       18,043       11,695       7,262       1,923       130,983  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       2,237       16       2,253  

General governments

    40,172       14,282       19,771       11,446       10,258       2,257       240       98,426  

Credit institutions

    1,781       2,465       257       112       1,331       1,459       869       8,275  

Other financial corporations

    6,959       1,181       352       4,142       15       347       379       13,376  

Non-financial corporations

    443       2,397       2,000       2,343       90       961       418       8,653  
Loans and advances     187,717       45,075       52,230       61,739       61,090       58,020       5,067       470,938  

Central banks

    -       158       21       -       5,722       2,994       -       8,894  

General governments

    20,741       424       7,262       4,593       217       1,380       256       34,873  

Credit institutions

    5,225       19,154       1,967       1,351       1,194       1,515       1,011       31,416  

Other financial corporations

    5,339       6,213       1,171       1,648       1,620       886       214       17,091  

Non-financial corporations

    54,112       14,818       19,256       34,330       34,471       26,024       3,371       186,384  

Households

    102,299       4,308       22,552       19,818       17,866       25,221       216       192,281  
Total Risk in Financial Assets     248,856       93,880       79,712       84,657       73,016       66,956       9,036       656,112  

Loan commitments given

    31,477       19,219       13,060       34,449       2,912       5,161       976       107,254  

Financial guarantees given

    1,853       3,504       121       819       9,184       2,072       714       18,267  

Other Commitments given

    16,610       14,154       1,364       2,911       2,002       3,779       1,771       42,592  
Off-balance sheet exposures     49,940       36,878       14,545       38,179       14,098       11,012       3,461       168,113  
               
Total Risks in Financial Instruments     298,796       130,757       94,257       122,836       87,114       77,968       12,497       824,225  

 

  (*)

Equity instruments are shown net of valuation adjustment.

 

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Millions of Euros

 

             

Risks by Geographical Areas

 

December 2015

        Spain          

Europe,

 

    Excluding    

 

Spain

        Mexico               USA               Turkey        

South

 

    America    

        Other               Total        
Derivatives     7,627       25,099       1,707       2,989       139       2,116       1,225       40,902  
Equity instruments (*)     5,061       2,103       2,328       1,077       65       317       987       11,937  
Debt securities     62,668       21,589       25,464       19,132       13,388       7,317       2,302       151,859  

Central banks

    -       -       -       -       -       2,504       16       2,519  

General governments

    50,877       13,571       22,199       11,373       11,760       2,330       321       112,432  

Credit institutions

    3,123       2,706       419       92       1,450       1,183       999       9,971  

Other financial corporations

    8,352       1,818       536       4,606       26       311       425       16,074  

Non-financial corporations

    317       3,494       2,309       3,061       152       990       541       10,864  
Loans and advances     204,090       40,547       61,112       68,235       63,447       59,001       5,842       502,271  

Central banks

    7,657       1,955       4,013       5,816       7,281       9,463       91       36,275  

General governments

    23,549       580       8,241       4,443       271       1,318       209       38,611  

Credit institutions

    4,206       15,265       5,257       3,742       1,914       1,676       1,017       33,076  

Other financial corporations

    3,946       4,215       1,824       1,483       1,820       811       270       14,368  

Non-financial corporations

    59,576       14,132       17,525       32,605       33,647       24,060       4,043       185,588  

Households

    105,157       4,400       24,252       20,147       18,514       21,673       212       194,353  
Total Risk in Financial Assets     279,445       89,338       90,611       91,432       77,038       68,751       10,355       706,969  

Loan commitments given

    30,006       16,878       22,702       33,183       13,108       6,618       1,124       123,620  

Financial guarantees given

    1,524       4,736       161       949       9,126       2,087       593       19,176  

Other Commitments given

    16,866       14,646       327       3,409       2,527       3,822       1,216       42,813  
Off-balance sheet exposures     48,396       36,260       23,191       37,541       24,762       12,527       2,933       185,609  
               
Total Risks in Financial Instruments     327,841       125,597       113,801       128,973       101,800       81,278       13,288       892,578  

 

  (*)

Equity instruments are shown net of valuation adjustment.

The breakdown of the main figures in the most significant foreign currencies in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is set forth in Appendix VII.

 

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The breakdown of loans and advances in the heading of Loans and receivables, impaired by geographical area as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

Impaired Financial Assets by geographic area

 

   December 2016      December 2015      December 2014  

Spain

     16,812        19,921        19,127  

Rest of Europe

     704        790        554  

Mexico

     1,152        1,277        1,378  

South America

     1,589        1,162        1,208  

The United States

     975        579        459  

Turkey

     1,693        1,628        -  

Rest of the world

     -        -        -  
IMPAIRED RISKS      22,925        25,358        22,726  

 

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d) Other risk information

The breakdown of impaired loans by sector as of December 31, 2014 is shown below:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2014

 

Impaired risks in the balance

 

Breakdowns by sector (*)

           Portfolio impaired             

        Impairment for portfolio         
impaired

 

 
Domestic impaired loans      

Government

     172        (20

Credit institutions

     0        (0

Other sectors

     18,388        (8,814

Agriculture

     136        (67

Industry

     1,500        (789

Real estate and construction

     8,941        (5,051

Trade and finance

     1,370        (661

Loans to individuals

     4,981        (1,549

Other

     1,459        (697
Subtotal domestic impaired loans      18,560        (8,834
Foreign impaired loans      

Government

     8        (1

Credit institutions

     27        (22

Other sectors

     4,131        (1,666

Agriculture

     114        (26

Industry

     310        (34

Real estate and construction

     304        (110

Trade and finance

     224        (79

Loans to individuals

     2,156        (991

Other

     1,023        (426
Subtotal foreign impaired loans      4,166        (1,689
Collective allowandces for incurred but not reported losses         (3,750
Total      22,726        (14,273

Below are the details of the impaired financial assets as of December 31, 2014, classified by geographical area and by the time since their oldest past-due amount or the period since they were deemed impaired:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2014

 

Impaired Financial Assets by geographic area and time since

 

oldest past-due Amount

 

  

  Less than 6 Month  

 

Past-Due

 

    

    6 to 12 Months    

 

Past-Due

 

    

More than 1

 

    year Past-Due    

 

    

      Total      

 

 

Spain

     8,542        1,366        9,219        19,127  

Rest of Europe

     432        73        49        554  

Mexico

     727        218        433        1,378  

South America

     856        186        166        1,208  

The United States

     391        23        44        459  

Rest of the world

     -        -        -        -  
Total      10,948        1,866        9,911        22,726  

 

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The table below provides details by counterpart and by product of past due risks as of December 31, 2014 but not considered to be impaired, listed by their first past-due date:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2014

 

Financial Assets Past Due but Not Impaired by counterpart

  

    Less than    

 

1 Month

 

Past-Due

    

    1 to 2 Months    

 

Past-Due

    

    2 to 3 Months    

 

Past-Due

 
Loans and advances      3,286        794        657  
Central banks      -        -        -  

General Governments

     33        1        53  

Credit institutions and other financial corporations

     6        -        17  

Non-financial corporations

     849        347        136  

Households

     2,398        446        451  
Debt securities      -        -        -  
Total      3,286        794        657  

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2014

 

Financial Assets Past Due but Not Impaired by product

  

  Less than 1  

 

Month

 

Past-Due

    

  1 to 2 Months  

 

Past-Due

    

  2 to 3 Months  

 

Past-Due

 
On demand      77        2        1  
Credit card      128        36        12  
Trade recivables      271        11        28  
Finance leases      167        33        21  
Other term loans      2,603        697        592  
Advances and other      40        14        2  
Total      3,286        794        657  

Of which: by type of collateral

        

Mortgage loans

     1,005        539        53  

Other collateralized loans

     209        9        -  

Below are the details of the impaired financial assets as of December 31, 2014 classified by type of loan according to its associated guarantee, and by the time since their oldest past-due amount or the period since they were deemed impaired:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

December 2014

 

Impaired Financial Assets by sector and time since oldest Past Due

 

Amount

  

  Less than 6  

 

Month

 

Past-Due

    

  6 to 12 Months  

 

Past-Due

    

  More than 1 year  

 

Past-Due

           Total        
Loans and receivables      11,014        1,872        9,844        22,730  
Credit institutions      23        -        -        23  
Loans and advances      10,987        1,872        9,844        22,703  

General governments

     73        13        95        180  

Other financial corporations

     29        2        2        33  

Non-financial corporations

     6,675        1,224        7,529        15,428  

Individuals

     4,210        633        2,218        7,061  
Debt securities      4        -        -        4  

Credit institutions

     4        -        -        4  

Other financial corporations

     -        -        -        -  
Available for sale      -        -        91        91  
Debt instruments      -        -        91        91  

Credit institutions

     -        -        17        17  

Other financial corporations

     -        -        75        75  
TOTAL      11,014        1,872        9,935        22,821  

 

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The breakdown of impaired loans and advances for default or reasons other than delinquency as of December 31, 2014:

 

    

Millions of Euros    

 

 

 

Carrying amount of the impaired

 

assets by product

 

   December 2014  
Loans and advances      22,726  

On demand and short notice

     664  

Credit card debt

     420  

Trade recievables

     852  

Finance leases

     310  

Reverse repurchase loans

     16  

Other term loans

     20,358  

Advances that are not loans

     105  

Of which: by type of collateral

  

Mortgage loans

     14,609  

Other collateralized loans

     494  

The detail of impaired financial assets and their collective allowance as of December 31, 2014, breaking down by individual or collective analysis:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 
December 2014   

    Carrying amount of the impaired Available    

 

for sale assets and Loans and receivables

    

    Specific allowances for financial    

 

assets, individually estimated

    

    Specific allowances for financial    

 

assets, collectively estimated

    

    Collectivelly allowances for    

 

incurred but not reported

             Total          
  Available for sale financial asset      91        (13)        (17)        (44)        (74)  

Central banks

     -        -        -        -        -  

General governments

     -        -        -        -        -  

Credit institutions

     91        (13)        (17)        (15)        (44)  

Non-financial corporations

     -        -        -        (30)        (30)  
  Loans and receivables      22,730        (2,488)        (8,002)        (3,783)        (14,273)  

Central banks

     -        -        -        -        -  

General governments

     180        (9)        (16)        (24)        (49)  

Credit institutions

     54        (13)        (29)        (94)        (136)  

Non-financial corporations

     14,771        (2,154)        (5,556)        (1,937)        (9,647)  

Households

     7,725        (312)        (2,401)        (1,728)        (4,441)  
TOTAL      22,821        (2,500)        (8,019)        (3,828)        (14,347)  

Below are the changes in the years ended December 31, 2014 in the estimated impairment losses, broken down by the headings in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet:

 

    

Millions of Euros

 

 

 

December 2014

 

       Debt Securities            Loans and advances                    Total              
  Balance at the beginning      60        14,990        15,050  

Increase in impairment losses charged to income

     27        11,568        11,595  

Decrease in impairment losses credited to income

     (9)        (6,821)        (6,830)  
  Impairment losses (net)(*)      19        4,747        4,766  

Entities acquired during the year

     -        -        -  

Transfers to written-off loans

     -        (4,464)        (4,464)  

Exchange differences and other

     (4)        (1,000)        (1,004)  
  Balance at the end      75        14,273        14,348  

 

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APPENDIX XI    Information in accordance with Article 89 of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and its application to Spanish Law through Law 10/2014

In accordance with Article 89 of Directive 2013/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms (CRD), and its application to Spanish Law through Law 10/2014 of Structuring, Supervision and Solvency of Financial Institutions of June 26, the information required under article 87.1 of said law for the year ended December 31, 2016 is provided below.

 

December 31, 2016                       Millions of Euros                      
Country  

CIT payments

 

cash basis

   

CIT expense

 

consol

    PBT consol     Turnover     Nº Employees (*)     Activity   Main Entity
Mexico     792       707       2,672       6,682       37,378     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Bancomer SA
Spain     74       (108)       (608)       6,457       31,451     Finance, banking and insurance services and real estate   BBVA SA
Turkey     320       375       1,758       3,919       22,006     Finance, banking and insurance services   Turkiye Garanti Bankasi
United States (**)     170       161       625       2,707       10,544     Finance and banking services   Compass Bank, Inc.
Colombia     131       130       360       874       7,228     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Colombia SA
Argentina     88       134       396       1,086       6,439     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Banco Frances SA
Peru     176       128       485       1,084       6,010     Finance and banking services   BBVA Banco Continental SA
Venezuela     5       38       31       52       4,877     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Banco Provincial SA
Chile     15       38       218       697       4,522     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Chile SA
Romania     -       (1)       9       120       1,290     Finance and banking services   Garanti Bank SA
Uruguay     23       16       31       142       618     Finance and banking services   BBVA Uruguay SA
Portugal     5       21       74       98       490     Financial services   BBVA Portugal SA
Paraguay     1       3       28       81       463     Financial services   BBVA Paraguay SA
Bolivia     2       2       7       25       366     Financial services   BBVA Previsión AFP SA
Netherlands     6       10       38       104       248     Finance and banking services   Garantibank International NV
United Kingdom     -       (16)       20       84       150     Financial services   BBVA - London branch
Switzerland     6       3       11       46       125     Financial services   BBVA -Switzerland SA
Hong Kong     -       -       1       61       89     Financial services   BBVA - Hong-Kong branch
France     14       13       36       65       78     Financial services   BBVA -Paris branch
Italy     37       14       41       57       61     Financial services   BBVA -Rome branch
Germany     22       20       44       55       45     Financial services   BBVA -Frankfurt branch
Belgium     -       -       4       7       32     Financial services   BBVA - Brussels branch
Luxembourg (***)     7       2       5       10       20     Financial services   Garanti - Luxembourg branch
Ireland     2       2       15       11       4     Finance, banking and insurance services   BBVA Ireland PCL
Russia (****)     -       -       2       6       -     Financial services   Moscow branch
China     4       -       (1)       -       23     Financial services   BBVA - Shanghai branch
Brazil     -       1       2       5       8     Financial services   BBVA Brasil Banco de Investimento, S.A.
Curaçao     -       -       2       4       11     Financial services   Banco Provincial Overseas NV
Singapore     1       1       4       7       10     Financial services   BBVA -Singapore branch
Japan     -       -       (6)       (3)       10     Financial services   BBVA -Tokio branch
South Korea     -       -       (7)       3       17     Financial services   BBVA -Seoul branch
Taiwan     -       1       5       9       7     Financial services   BBVA -Taipei branch
Finland     -       -       (2)       -       39     Banking services   Holvi Payment Service OY
Cyprus (***)     1       2       9       14       105     Financial services   BBVA -Nicosia branch
Malta (***)     4       2       83       84       12     Financial services   BBVA -Valleta branch
Total     1,906       1,699       6,392       24,653       134,776      

 

  (*)

Number of full-time employees. 16 employees of Representative Office are not included.

 

  (**)

Including the figures from the Cayman Islands branch.

 

  (***)

Figures from these branches are also taxed in Turkey.

 

  (****)

Garanti Bank Moscow was sold on December 2016.

 

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As of December 31, 2016, the return of the Group’s assets calculated by dividing the “Profit” between “Total Assets” is 0.64%.

In 2016 (*), BBVA group has not received public aid for the financial sector which has the aim of promoting the carrying out of banking activities and which is significant. This statement is made for the purposes of article 89 of Directive 2013/36/UE of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 26 (on access to the activity of credit institutions and the prudential supervision of credit institutions and investment firms) and its transposition to Spanish legislation by means of Law 10/2014 on Monitoring, Supervision and Solvency of Credit Institutions of June 26.

(*) BBVA disclosed by means of public relevant events: (i) on 07/27/2012 the closing of the acquisition of UNNIM Banc, S.A. and (ii) on 04/24/2015 the closing of the acquisition of Catalunya Banc, S.A.

 

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APPENDIX XII – Reconciliation of Financial Statements

 

Current format        Previous format  
                
     Millions of Euros               Millions of Euros  
ASSETS   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         ASSETS   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
CASH, CASH BALANCES AT CENTRAL BANKS AND OTHER DEMAND DEPOSITS (1)      29,282        27,719        CASH AND BALANCES WITH CENTRAL BANKS      43,467        31,430  
FINANCIAL ASSETS HELD FOR TRADING      78,326        83,258        FINANCIAL ASSETS HELD FOR TRADING      78,326        83,258  
Derivatives      40,902        44,229        Loans and advances to credit institutions      -        -  
Equity instruments      4,534        5,017        Loans and advances to customers      65        128  
Debt securities      32,825        33,883        Debt securities      32,825        33,883  
Loans and advances to central banks      -        -        Equity instruments      4,534        5,017  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      -        -        Trading derivatives      40,902        44,229  
Loans and advances to customers      65        128             
OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      2,311        2,761        OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      2,311        2,761  
Equity instruments      2,075        2,024        Loans and advances to credit institutions      62        -  
Debt securities      173        737        Loans and advances to customers      -        -  
Loans and advances to central banks      -        -        Debt securities      173        737  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      62        -        Equity instruments      2,075        2,024  
Loans and advances to customers      -        -             
AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS      113,426        94,875        AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE FINANCIAL ASSETS      113,426        94,875  
Equity instruments      5,116        7,267        Debt securities      108,310        87,608  
Debt securities      108,310        87,608        Equity instruments      5,116        7,267  
LOANS AND RECEIVABLES (2)      471,828        376,086        LOANS AND RECEIVABLES      457,644        372,375  
Debt securities      10,516        6,659        Loans and advances to credit institutions      32,962        27,059  
Loans and advances to central banks      17,830        5,429        Loans and advances to customers      414,165        338,657  
Loans and advances to credit institutions      29,317        25,342        Debt securities      10,516        6,659  
Loans and advances to customers      414,165        338,657             
HELD-TO-MATURITY INVESTMENTS      -        -        HELD-TO-MATURITY INVESTMENTS      -        -  
HEDGING DERIVATIVES      3,538        2,551        FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      45        121  
FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      45        121        HEDGING DERIVATIVES      3,538        2,551  
INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDARIES, JOINT VENTURES AND ASSOCIATES      879        4,509        NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE      3,369        3,793  
Joint ventures      243        4,092        INVESTMENTS IN ENTITIES ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD      879        4,509  
Associates      636        417        Associates      636        417  
REINSURANCE ASSETS      511        559        Joint ventures      243        4,092  
TANGIBLE ASSETS      9,944        7,820        INSURANCE CONTRACTS LINKED TO PENSIONS      -        -  
Property, plants and equipment      8,477        6,428        REINSURANCE ASSETS      511        559  
For own use      8,021        5,985        TANGIBLE ASSETS      9,944        7,820  
Other assets leased out under an operating lease      456        443        Property, plants and equipment      8,477        6,428  
Investment properties      1,467        1,392        For own use      8,021        5,985  
INTANGIBLE ASSETS      10,052        7,371        Other assets leased out under an operating lease      456        443  
Goodwill      6,915        5,697        Investment properties      1,467        1,392  
Other intangible assets      3,137        1,673        INTANGIBLE ASSETS      10,052        7,371  
TAX ASSETS      17,779        12,426        Goodwill      6,915        5,697  
Current      1,901        2,035        Other intangible assets      3,137        1,673  
Deferred      15,878        10,391        TAX ASSETS      17,779        12,426  
OTHER ASSETS      8,566        8,094        Current      1,901        2,035  
Insurance contracts linked to pensions      -        -        Deferred      15,878        10,391  
Inventories      4,303        4,443        OTHER ASSETS      8,566        8,094  
Rest      4,263        3,651        Inventories      4,303        4,443  
NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND DISPOSAL GROUPS HELD FOR SALE (3)      3,369        3,793        Rest      4,263        3,651  
TOTAL ASSETS      749,855        631,942        TOTAL ASSETS      749,855        631,942  

 

(1) The main differences with regard to the heading “ Cash and deposits with central banks” are the inclusion of the balances deposited in Credit Institutions and the reclassification of Loans at central banks to the heading Loans and Receivables

(2) The main differences with regard to the heading “Loans and receivables” are the inclusion of loans at central banks and the reclassification of balances deposited in Credit institutions to the heading “Cash, cash balances at central banks and other demand deposits”

(3) Corresponding to the heading “Non-current assest held-for-sale” of the previous format

                

 

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Current format        Previous format  
                
     Millions of Euros               Millions of Euros  
LIABILITIES   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         LIABILITIES   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES HELD FOR TRADING      55,203        56,798        FINANCIAL LIABILITIES HELD FOR TRADING      55,203        56,798  
Trading derivatives      42,149        45,052        Deposits from central banks      -        -  
Short positions      13,053        11,747        Deposits from credit institutions      -        -  
Deposits from central banks      -        -        Customer deposits      -        -  
Deposits from credit institutions      -        -        Debt certificates      -        -  
Customer deposits      -        -        Trading derivatives      42,149        45,052  
Debt certificates      -        -        Short positions      13,053        11,747  
Other financial liabilities      -        -        Other financial liabilities      -        -  
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      2,649        2,724        OTHER FINANCIAL LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      2,649        2,724  
Deposits from central banks      -        -        Deposits from central banks      -        -  
Deposits from credit institutions      -        -        Deposits from credit institutions      -        -  
Customer deposits      -        -        Customer deposits      -        -  
Debt certificates      -        -        Debt certificates      -        -  
Other financial liabilities      2,649        2,724        Subordinated liabilities      -        -  
Of which: Subordinated liabilities (1)      -        -        Other financial liabilities      2,649        2,724  
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTIZED COST      606,113        491,899        FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTIZED COST      606,113        491,899  
Deposits from central banks      40,087        28,193        Deposits from central banks      40,087        28,193  
Deposits from credit institutions      68,543        65,168        Deposits from credit institutions      68,543        65,168  
Customer deposits      403,362        319,334        Customer deposits      403,069        319,060  
Debt certificates      81,980        71,917        Debt certificates      66,165        58,096  
Other financial liabilities      12,141        7,288        Subordinated liabilities      16,109        14,095  
Of which: Subordinated liabilities (1)      16,109        14,095        Other financial liabilities      12,141        7,288  
HEDGING DERIVATIVES      2,726        2,331        FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      358        0  
FAIR VALUE CHANGES OF THE HEDGED ITEMS IN PORTFOLIO HEDGES OF INTEREST RATE RISK      358        -             
LIABILITIES UNDER INSURANCE CONTRACTS      9,407        10,460        HEDGING DERIVATIVES      2,726        2,331  
PROVISIONS      8,852        7,444        LIABILITIES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE      -        -  
Provisions for pensions and similar obligations      6,299        5,970        LIABILITIES UNDER INSURANCE CONTRACTS      9,407        10,460  
Other long term employee benefits      68        62        PROVISIONS      8,852        7,444  
Provisions for taxes and other legal contingencies      616        262        Provisions for pensions and similar obligations (2)      6,299        5,970  
Provisions for contingent risks and commitments      714        381        Provisions for taxes and other legal contingencies      616        262  
Other provisions      1,155        769        Provisions for contingent risks and commitments      714        381  
TAX LIABILITIES      4,656        4,157        Other provisions      1,223        831  
Current      1,238        980        TAX LIABILITIES      4,656        4,157  
Deferred      3,418        3,177        Current      1,238        980  
OTHER LIABILITIES      4,610        4,519        Deferred      3,418        3,177  
LIABILITIES INCLUDED IN DISPOSAL GROUPS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE      -        -        OTHER LIABILITIES      4,610        4,519  
TOTAL LIABILITIES      694,573        580,333        TOTAL LIABILITIES      694,573        580,333  

 

(1) Subordinated financial liabilities: In the current format they are classified in the subheading Customer deposits and debt certificates

                

 

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Table of Contents
Current format        Previous format  
                
     Millions of Euros               Millions of Euros  
EQUITY   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         EQUITY   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
SHAREHOLDERS’ FUNDS      50,639        49,446        SHAREHOLDERS’ FUNDS      50,639        49,446  
Capital      3,120        3,024        Common Stock      3,120        3,024  
Paid up capital      3,120        3,024        Issued      3,120        3,024  
Unpaid capital which has been called up      -        -        Unpaid and uncalled (-)      -        -  
Share premium      23,992        23,992        Share premium      23,992        23,992  
Equity instruments issued other than capital      -        -             
Equity component of compound financial instruments      -        -             
Other equity instruments issued      -        -             
Other equity      35        67             
Retained earnings      22,588        20,280        Reserves (1)      22,512        20,936  
Revaluation reserves      22        23        Accumulated reserves (losses)      22,610        20,304  
Other reserves      (98)        633        Reserves (losses) of entities accounted for using the equity method      (98)        633  
Reserves or accumulated losses of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates      (98)        633        Other equity instruments      35        67  
Other      -        -        Equity component of compound financial instruments      -        -  
Less: Treasury shares      (309)        (350)        Other equity instruments      35        67  
Profit or loss attributable to owners of the parent      2,642        2,618        Less: Treasury stock      (309)        (350)  
Less: Interim dividends      (1,352)        (841)        Income attributed to the parent company      2,642        2,618  
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (2)      (3,349)        (348)        Less: Dividends and remuneration      (1,352)        (841)  
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss      (859)        (777)        VALUATION ADJUSTMENTS      (3,349)        (348)  
Actuarial gains or (-) losses on defined benefit pension plans      (859)        (777)        Available-for-sale financial assets      1,674        3,816  
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale      -        -        Cash flow hedging      (49)        (46)  
Share of other recognised income and expense of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates      -        -        Hedging of net investment in foreign transactions      (274)        (373)  
Other adjustments      -        -        Exchange differences      (3,905)        (2,173)  
Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss      (2,490)        429        Non-current assets held-for-sale      -        -  
Hedge of net investments in foreign operations [effective portion]      (274)        (373)        Entities accounted for using the equity method      64        (796)  
Foreign currency translation      (3,905)        (2,173)        Other valuation adjustments      (859)        (777)  
Hedging derivatives. Cash flow hedges [effective portion]      (49)        (46)             
Available-for-sale financial assets      1,674        3,816             
Non-current assets and disposal groups classified as held for sale      -        -             
Share of other recognised income and expense of investments in subsidaries, joint ventures and associates      64        -             
NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST      7,992        2,511        NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST      7,992        2,511  
Valuation adjustments      (1,333)        (53)        Valuation adjustments      (1,333)        (53)  
Rest      9,325        2,563        Rest      9,325        2,563  
TOTAL EQUITY      55,282        51,609        TOTAL EQUITY      55,282        51,609  
TOTAL EQUITY AND TOTAL LIABILITIES      749,855        631,942        TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY      749,855        631,942  
                
MEMORANDUM ITEM   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         MEMORANDUM ITEM   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
Financial guarantees given      49,876        33,741        CONTINGENT RISKS      49,876        33,741  
Contingent commitments      135,733        106,252        CONTINGENT COMMITMENTS      135,733        106,252  

 

(1) The heading of Reserves are disclosed in three headings under the current format: Retained earnings, Revaluation Reserves and Other Reserves

                
(2) Accumulated other comprehensive income correponds to the heading Valuation Adjustment, with a higher breakdown and different order of the subheadings                 

 

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Table of Contents
Current format        Previous format  
                
     Millions of Euros               Millions of Euros  
STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
INTEREST AND SIMILAR INCOME      24,783        22,838        INTEREST AND SIMILAR INCOME      24,783        22,838  
INTEREST AND SIMILAR EXPENSES      (8,761)        (8,456)        INTEREST AND SIMILAR EXPENSES      (8,761)        (8,456)  
NET INTEREST INCOME      16,022        14,382        NET INTEREST INCOME      16,022        14,382  
DIVIDEND INCOME      415        531        DIVIDEND INCOME      415        531  
SHARE OF PROFIT OR LOSS OF ENTITIES ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD      174        343        SHARE OF PROFIT OR LOSS OF ENTITIES ACCOUNTED FOR USING THE EQUITY METHOD      174        343  
FEE AND COMMISSION INCOME      6,340        5,530        FEE AND COMMISSION INCOME      6,340        5,530  
FEE AND COMMISSION EXPENSES      (1,729)        (1,356)        FEE AND COMMISSION EXPENSES      (1,729)        (1,356)  
           NET GAINS (LOSSES) ON FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES (1)      865        -  
GAINS OR (-) LOSSES ON FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS, NET      1,055        1,439        Financial instruments held for trading      (409)        11  
GAINS OR (-) LOSSES ON FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES HELD FOR TRADING, NET      (409)        11        Other financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss      117        27  
GAINS OR (-) LOSSES ON DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES NOT MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS, NET      126        32        Other financial instruments not at fair value through profit or loss      1,157        1,397  
GAINS OR (-) LOSSES FROM HEDGE ACCOUNTING, NET      93        (47)        Rest      -        -  
EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES (NET)      1,165        699        EXCHANGE DIFFERENCES (NET)      1,165        699  
OTHER OPERATING INCOME (2)      1,315        959        OTHER OPERATING INCOME (2)      4,993        4,581  
OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES (2)      (2,285)        (2,705)        OTHER OPERATING EXPENSES (2)      (4,883)        (5,420)  
INCOME ON INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE CONTRACTS (2)      3,678        3,622             
EXPENSES ON INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE CONTRACTS (2)      (2,599)        (2,714)             
GROSS INCOME      23,362        20,725        GROSS INCOME      23,362        20,725  
ADMINISTRATION COSTS      (10,836)        (9,414)        ADMINISTRATION COSTS      (10,836)        (9,414)  
Personnel expenses      (6,273)        (5,410)        Personnel expenses      (6,273)        (5,410)  
General and administrative expenses      (4,563)        (4,004)        General and administrative expenses      (4,563)        (4,004)  
DEPRECIATION      (1,272)        (1,145)        DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION      (1,272)        (1,145)  
PROVISIONS OR (-) REVERSAL OF PROVISIONS      (731)        (1,142)        PROVISIONS (NET)      (731)        (1,142)  
IMPAIRMENT OR (-) REVERSAL OF IMPAIRMENT ON FINANCIAL ASSETS NOT MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH PROFIT OR LOSS      (4,272)        (4,340)        IMPAIRMENT LOSSES ON FINANCIAL ASSETS (NET)      (4,272)        (4,340)  
(Financial assets measured at cost)         -                0  
(Available- for-sale financial assets)         (35)                -35  
(Loans and receivables      (4,248)        (4,304)        Loans and receivables      (4,248)        (4,304)  
(Held to maturity investments)      (23)        -        Other financial instruments not at fair value through profit or loss      (23)        -  
NET OPERATING INCOME      6,251        4,684        NET OPERATING INCOME      6,251        4,684  

 

(1) The heading net gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities was eliminated but the breakdown is maintained

                
(2) The headings Other operating income and Other operating expenses of the previous format are broken down in four headings under the new format, separating the income and expenses covered by insurance and reinsurance contracts.                 

 

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Table of Contents
Current format        Previous format  
                
     Millions of Euros               Millions of Euros  
(Continued)   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

         (Continued)   

December

 

2015

    

December

 

2014

 
NET OPERATING INCOME      6,251        4,684        NET OPERATING INCOME      6,251        4,684  
IMPAIRMENT OR (-) REVERSAL OF IMPAIRMENT ON NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS      (273)        (297)        IMPAIRMENT LOSSES ON OTHER ASSETS (NET)      (273)        (297)  
Tangible assets      (60)        (97)             
Intangible assets      (4)        (8)        Goodwill and other intangible assets      (4)        (8)  
Other assets      (209)        (192)        Other assets      (269)        (289)  
GAINS (LOSSES) ON DERECOGNIZED OF NON FINANCIAL ASSETS AND SUBSIDIARIES, NET      (2,135)        46        GAINS (LOSSES) ON DERECOGNIZED OF NON FINANCIAL ASSETS AND SUBSIDIARIES, NET      (2,135)        46  
NEGATIVE GOODWILL RECOGNISED IN PROFIT OR LOSS      26        -             26        -  
PROFIT OR (-) LOSS FROM NON-CURRENT ASSETS AND DISPOSAL GROUPS CLASSIFIED AS HELD FOR SALE NOT QUALIFYING AS DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS      734        (453)        GAINS (LOSSES) IN NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE NOT CLASSIFIED AS DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS      734        (453)  
OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE TAX      4,603        3,980        OPERATING PROFIT BEFORE TAX      4,603        3,980  
TAX EXPENSE OR (-) INCOME RELATED TO PROFIT OR LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATION      (1,274)        (898)        INCOME TAX      (1,274)        (898)  
PROFIT FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS      3,328        3,082        PROFIT FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS      3,328        3,082  
PROFIT FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (NET)      -        -        PROFIT FROM DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS (NET)      -        -  
PROFIT      3,328        3,082        PROFIT      3,328        3,082  
Attributable to minority interest [non-controlling interests]      686        464        Profit attributable to parent company      2,642        2,618  
Attributable to owners of the parent      2,642        2,618        Profit attributable to non-controlling interests      686        464  

 

F-249


Table of Contents

Glossary

 

 

Additional Tier 1

Capital

 

   Includes: Preferred stock and convertible perpetual securities and deductions

 

Adjusted acquisition

cost

 

   The acquisition cost of the securities less accumulated amortizations, plus interest accrued, but not net of any other valuation adjustments.
Amortized cost   

 

The amortized cost of a financial asset is the amount at which it was measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus, as warranted, the cumulative amount taken to profit or loss using the effective interest rate method of any difference between the initial amount and the maturity amount, and minus any reduction for impairment or change in measured value.

 

Associates   

 

Companies in which the Group has a significant influence, without having control. Significant influence is deemed to exist when the Group owns 20% or more of the voting rights of an investee directly or indirectly.

 

Available-for-sale financial assets   

 

Available-for-sale (AFS) financial assets are debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity investments or as financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and equity instruments that are not subsidiaries, associates or jointly controlled entities and have not been designated as at FVTPL.

 

Basic earnings per share   

 

Calculated by dividing “Profit attributable to Parent Company” corresponding to ordinary shareholders of the entity by the weighted average number of shares outstanding throughout the year (i.e., excluding the average number of treasury shares held over the year).

 

Basis risk   

 

Risk arising from hedging exposure to one interest rate with exposure to a rate that reprices under slightly different conditions.

 

Business combination   

 

A business combination is a transaction, or any other event, through which a single entity obtains the control of one or more businesses.

 

Cash flow hedges   

 

Those that hedge the exposure to variability in cash flows attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction and could affect profit or loss.

 

Commissions   

 

Income and expenses relating to commissions and similar fees are recognized in the consolidated income statement using criteria that vary according to their nature. The most significant income and expense items in this connection are:

·    Fees and commissions relating linked to financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss, which are recognized when collected

·    Fees and commissions arising from transactions or services that are provided over a period of time, which are recognized over the life of these transactions or services.

·    Fees and commissions generated by a single act are accrued upon execution of that act.

 

 

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Consolidated

statements of cash

flows

  

 

The indirect method has been used for the preparation of the consolidated statement of cash flows. This method starts from the entity’s consolidated profit and adjusts its amount for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with cash flows classified as investment or finance. As well as cash, short-term, highly liquid investments subject to a low risk of changes in value, such as cash and deposits in central banks, are classified as cash and equivalents.

When preparing these financial statements the following definitions have been used:

·    Cash flows: Inflows and outflows of cash and equivalents.

·    Operating activities: The typical activities of credit institutions and other activities that cannot be classified as investment or financing activities.

·    Investing activities: The acquisition, sale or other disposal of long-term assets and other investments not included in cash and cash equivalents or in operating activities.

·    Financing activities: Activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the Group’s equity and of liabilities that do not form part of operating activities.

 

Consolidated

statements of

changes in equity

  

 

The consolidated statements of changes in equity reflect all the movements generated in each year in each of the headings of the consolidated equity, including those from transactions undertaken with shareholders when they act as such, and those due to changes in accounting criteria or corrections of errors, if any.

The applicable regulations establish that certain categories of assets and liabilities are recognized at their fair value with a charge to equity. These charges, known as “Valuation adjustments” (see Note 31), are included in the Group’s total consolidated equity net of tax effect, which has been recognized as deferred tax assets or liabilities, as appropriate.

 

Consolidated

statements of

recognized income

and expenses

  

 

The consolidated statements of recognized income and expenses reflect the income and expenses generated each year. Such statement distinguishes between income and expenses recognized in the consolidated income statements and “Other recognized income (expenses)” recognized directly in consolidated equity. “Other recognized income (expenses)” include the changes that have taken place in the year in the “Valuation adjustments” broken down by item.

 

The sum of the changes to the heading “Other comprehensive income “ of the consolidated total equity and the consolidated profit for the year comprise the “Total recognized income/expenses of the year”.

 

Contingencies   

 

Current obligations of the entity arising as a result of past events whose existence depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events independent of the will of the entity.

 

Contingent

commitments

  

 

Possible obligations of the entity that arise from past events and whose existence depends on the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events independent of the entity’s will and that could lead to the recognition of financial assets.

 

 

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Control   

 

An investor controls an investee when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. An investor controls an investee if and only if the investor has all the following:

a)    Power; An investor has power over an investee when the investor has existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities, i.e. the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns.

b)    Returns; An investor is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee when the investor’s returns from its involvement have the potential to vary as a result of the investee’s performance. The investor’s returns can be only positive, only negative or both positive and negative.

c)    Link between power and returns; An investor controls an investee if the investor not only has power over the investee and exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee, but also has the ability to use its power to affect the investor’s returns from its involvement with the investee.

 

Correlation risk   

 

Correlation risk is related to derivatives whose final value depends on the performance of more than one underlying asset (primarily, stock baskets) and indicates the existing variability in the correlations between each pair of assets.

 

Credit Valuation

Adjustment (CVA)

 

  

 

An adjustment to the valuation of OTC derivative contracts to reflect the creditworthiness of OTC derivative counterparties.

 

Current service cost   

 

Current service cost is the increase in the present value of a defined benefit obligation resulting from employee service in the current period.

 

Current tax assets   

 

Taxes recoverable over the next twelve months.

 

Current tax liabilities   

 

Corporate income tax payable on taxable profit for the year and other taxes payable in the next twelve months.

 

 

Debit Valuation

Adjustment (DVA)

 

   An adjustment made by an entity to the valuation of OTC derivative liabilities to reflect within fair value the entity’s own credit risk.
Debt certificates   

 

Obligations and other interest-bearing securities that create or evidence a debt on the part of their issuer, including debt securities issued for trading among an open group of investors, that accrue interest, implied or explicit, whose rate, fixed or benchmarked to other rates, is established contractually, and take the form of securities or book-entries, irrespective of the issuer.

 

Deferred tax assets   

 

Taxes recoverable in future years, including loss carry forwards or tax credits for deductions and tax rebates pending application.

 

Defined benefit plans   

 

Post-employment obligation under which the entity, directly or indirectly via the plan, retains the contractual or implicit obligation to pay remuneration directly to employees when required or to pay additional amounts if the insurer, or other entity required to pay, does not cover all the benefits relating to the services rendered by the employees when insurance policies do not cover all of the corresponding post-employees benefits.

 

Defined contribution plans   

 

Defined contribution plans are retirement benefit plans under which amounts to be paid as retirement benefits are determined by contributions to a fund together with investment earnings thereon. The employer’s obligations in respect of its employees current and prior years’ employment service are discharged by contributions to the fund.

 

Deposits from central

banks

  

 

Deposits of all classes, including loans and money market operations, received from the Bank of Spain and other central banks.

 

Deposits from credit

institutions

  

 

Deposits of all classes, including loans and money market operations received, from credit entities.

 

 

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Deposits from

customers

  

 

Redeemable cash balances received by the entity, with the exception of debt certificates, money market operations through counterparties and subordinated liabilities, which are not received from either central banks or credit entities. This category also includes cash deposits and consignments received that can be readily withdrawn.

 

Derivatives   

 

The fair value in favor (assets) or again (liabilities) of the entity of derivatives not designated as accounting hedges.

 

Derivatives - Hedging derivatives   

 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an accounting hedge. The fair value or future cash flows of those derivatives is expected to offset the differences in the fair value or cash flows of the items hedged.

 

Diluted earnings per share   

 

Calculated by using a method similar to that used to calculate basic earnings per share; the weighted average number of shares outstanding, and the profit attributable to the parent company corresponding to ordinary shareholders of the entity, if appropriate, is adjusted to take into account the potential dilutive effect of certain financial instruments that could generate the issue of new Bank shares (share option commitments with employees, warrants on parent company shares, convertible debt instruments, etc.).

 

Dividends and retributions   

 

Dividend income collected announced during the year, corresponding to profits generated by investees after the acquisition of the stake.

 

Early retirements   

 

Employees that no longer render their services to the entity but which, without being legally retired, remain entitled to make economic claims on the entity until they formally retire.

 

Economic capital   

 

Methods or practices that allow banks to consistently assess risk and attribute capital to cover the economic effects of risk-taking activities.

 

Effective interest rate   

 

Discount rate that exactly equals the value of a financial instrument with the cash flows estimated over the expected life of the instrument based on its contractual period as well as its anticipated amortization, but without taking the future losses of credit risk into consideration.

 

Employee expenses   

 

All compensation accrued during the year in respect of personnel on the payroll, under permanent or temporary contracts, irrespective of their jobs or functions, irrespective of the concept, including the current costs of servicing pension plans, own share based compensation schemes and capitalized personnel expenses. Amounts reimbursed by the state Social Security or other welfare entities in respect of employee illness are deducted from personnel expenses.

 

Equity   

 

The residual interest in an entity’s assets after deducting its liabilities. It includes owner or venturer contributions to the entity, at incorporation and subsequently, unless they meet the definition of liabilities, and accumulated net profits or losses, fair value adjustments affecting equity and, if warranted, non-controlling interests.

 

Equity instruments   

 

An equity instrument that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity, that is after deducting all of its liabilities.

 

 

Equity instruments

issued other than

capital

 

   Includes equity instruments that are financial instruments other than “Capital” and “Equity component of compound financial instruments”.
Equity Method   

 

Is a method of accounting whereby the investment is initially recognized at cost and adjusted thereafter for the post-acquisition change in the investor’s share of the investee’s net assets. The investor’s profit or loss includes its share of the investee’s profit or loss and the investor’s other comprehensive income includes its share of the investee’s other comprehensive income.

 

 

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Exchange/translation

differences

  

 

Exchange differences (P&L): Includes the earnings obtained in currency trading and the differences arising on translating monetary items denominated in foreign currency to the functional currency. Exchange differences (valuation adjustments): those recorded due to the translation of the financial statements in foreign currency to the functional currency of the Group and others recorded against equity.

 

Exposure at default   

 

EAD is the amount of risk exposure at the date of default by the counterparty.

 

Fair value   

 

The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

 

Fair value hedges   

 

Derivatives that hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities or firm commitments that have not be recognized, or of an identified portion of said assets, liabilities or firm commitments, attributable to a specific risk, provided it could affect the income statement.

 

Financial guarantees   

 

Contracts that require the issuer to make specified payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs when a specified debtor fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms of a debt instrument, irrespective of its instrumentation. These guarantees may take the form of deposits, technical or financial guarantees, insurance contracts or credit derivatives.

 

Financial guarantees

given

 

  

 

Transactions through which the entity guarantees commitments assumed by third parties in respect of financial guarantees granted or other types of contracts.

 

Financial instrument   

 

A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and to a financial liability or equity instrument of another entity.

 

Financial liabilities at

amortized cost

  

 

Financial liabilities that do not meet the definition of financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss and arise from the financial entities’ ordinary activities to capture funds, regardless of their instrumentation or maturity.

 

Consolidation method   

 

Method used for the consolidation of the accounts of the Group’s subsidiaries. The assets and liabilities of the Group entities are incorporated line-by-line on the consolidate balance sheets, after conciliation and the elimination in full of intragroup balances, including amounts payable and receivable.

Group entity income statement income and expense headings are similarly combined line by line into the consolidated income statement, having made the following consolidation eliminations:

a)      income and expenses in respect of intragroup transactions are eliminated in full.

b)      profits and losses resulting from intragroup transactions are similarly eliminated. The carrying amount of the parent’s investment and the parent’s share of equity in each subsidiary are eliminated.

 

Goodwill   

 

Goodwill acquired in a business combination represents a payment made by the acquirer in anticipation of future economic benefits from assets that are not able to be individually identified and separately recognized.

 

Gross Income   

 

Sum of net interest income, dividend income, share of profit or loss entities accounted for using the equity method, net fee and commission income, net gains and losses on financial assets and liabilities, net exchange differences and net other operating income.

 

 

Hedges of net

investments in

foreign operations

 

   Foreign currency hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

 

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Held for trading

(assets and liabilities)

  

 

Financial assets and liabilities acquired or incurred primarily for the purpose of profiting from variations in their prices in the short term.

This category also includes financial derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, and in the case of borrowed securities, financial liabilities originated by the firm sale of financial assets acquired under repurchase agreements or received on loan (“short positions”).

 

Held-to-maturity

investments

  

 

Held-to-maturity investments are financial assets traded on an active market, with fixed maturity and fixed or determinable payments and cash flows that an entity has the positive intention and financial ability to hold to maturity.

 

Impaired financial

assets

  

 

A financial asset is deemed impaired, and accordingly restated to fair value, when there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that give rise to:

    a)    A measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows since the initial recognition of those assets in the case of debt instruments (loans and receivables and debt securities).

    b)    A significant or prolonged drop in fair value below cost in the case of equity instruments.

 

Income from equity

instruments

  

 

Dividends and income on equity instruments collected or announced during the year corresponding to profits generated by investees after the ownership interest is acquired. Income is recognized gross, i.e., without deducting any withholdings made, if any.

 

 

Insurance contracts

linked to pensions

 

   The fair value of insurance contracts written to cover pension commitments.
Inventories   

 

Assets, other than financial instruments, under production, construction or development, held for sale during the normal course of business, or to be consumed in the production process or during the rendering of services. Inventories include land and other properties held for sale at the real estate development business.

 

Investment properties   

 

Investment property is property (land or a building—or part of a building—or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for own use or sale in the ordinary course of business.

 

Joint arrangement   

 

An arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control.

 

Joint control   

 

The contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

 

Joint operation   

 

A joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets of the arrangement and obligations for the liabilities. A joint venturer shall recognize the following for its participation in a joint operation:

a) its assets, including any share of the assets of joint ownership;

b) its liabilities, including any share of the liabilities incurred jointly;

c) income from the sale of its share of production from the joint venture;

d) its share of the proceeds from the sale of production from the joint venturer; and

e) its expenses, including any share of the joint expenses.

A joint venturer shall account for the assets, liabilities, income and expenses related to its participation in a joint operation in accordance with IFRS applicable to the assets, liabilities, income and expenses specific question.

 

Joint venture   

 

A joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. A joint venturer shall recognize its interest in a joint venture as an investment and shall account for that investment using the equity method in accordance with IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures.

 

 

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Leases   

 

A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return for a payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreed period of time, a stream of cash flows that is essentially equivalent to the combination of principal and interest payments under a loan agreement.

a)      A lease is classified as a finance lease when it substantially transfers all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset forming the subject-matter of the contract.

b)      A lease will be classified as operating lease when it is not a financial lease.

 

 

Liabilities included in

disposal groups

classified as held for

sale

 

   The balance of liabilities directly associated with assets classified as non-current assets held for sale, including those recognized under liabilities in the entity’s balance sheet at the balance sheet date corresponding to discontinued operations.

Liabilities under

insurance contracts

  

 

The technical reserves of direct insurance and inward reinsurance recorded by the consolidated entities to cover claims arising from insurance contracts in force at period-end.

 

Loans and advances

to customers

  

 

Loans and receivables, irrespective of their type, granted to third parties that are not credit entities.

 

Loans and receivables   

 

Financial instruments with determined or determinable cash flows and in which the entire payment made by the entity will be recovered, except for reasons attributable to the solvency of the debtor. This category includes both the investments from the typical lending activity (amounts of cash available and pending maturity by customers as a loan or deposits lent to other entities, and unlisted debt certificates), as well as debts contracted by the purchasers of goods, or users of services, that form part of the entity’s business. It also includes all finance lease arrangements in which the consolidated subsidiaries act as lessors.

 

Loss given default

(LGD)

  

 

It is the estimate of the loss arising in the event of default. It depends mainly on the characteristics of the counterparty, and the valuation of the guarantees or collateral associated with the asset.

 

Mortgage-covered bonds   

 

Financial asset or security created from mortgage loans and backed by the guarantee of the mortgage loan portfolio of the entity.

 

 

Net Operating Income

 

   Gross income less administrative costs and amortization

 

Non performing

financial guarantees

given

 

   The balance of non performing risks, whether for reasons of default by customers or for other reasons, for financial guarantees given. This figure is shown gross: in other words, it is not adjusted for value corrections (loan loss reserves) made.

Non Performing

Loans (NPL)

  

 

The balance of non performing risks, whether for reasons of default by customers or for other reasons, for exposures on balance loans to customers. This figure is shown gross: in other words, it is not adjusted for value corrections (loan loss reserves) made.

 

Non-controlling

interests

  

 

The net amount of the profit or loss and net assets of a subsidiary attributable to associates outside the group (that is, the amount that is not owned, directly or indirectly, by the parent), including that amount in the corresponding part of the consolidated earnings for the period.

 

Non-current assets

and disposal groups

held for sale

  

 

A non-current asset or disposal group, whose carrying amount is expected to be realized through a sale transaction, rather than through continuing use, and which meets the following requirements:

a)    it is immediately available for sale in its present condition at the balance sheet date, i.e. only normal procedures are required for the sale of the asset.

b)    the sale is considered highly probable.

 

 

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Non-monetary assets   

 

Assets and liabilities that do not provide any right to receive or deliver a determined or determinable amount of monetary units, such as tangible and intangible assets, goodwill and ordinary shares subordinate to all other classes of capital instruments.

 

Option risk   

 

Risks arising from options, including embedded options.

 

Other financial

assets/liabilities at fair

value through profit

or loss

  

 

Instruments designated by the entity from the inception at fair value with changes in profit or loss.

An entity may only designate a financial instrument at fair value through profit or loss, if doing so more relevant information is obtained, because:

      a) It eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes called “accounting mismatch”) that would otherwise arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognizing the gains and losses on them on different bases. It might be acceptable to designate only some of a number of similar financial assets or financial liabilities if doing so a significant reduction (and possibly a greater reduction than other allowable designations) in the inconsistency is achieved.

      b) The performance of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities is managed and evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the group is provided internally on that basis to the entity’s key management personnel.

These are financial assets managed jointly with “Liabilities under insurance contracts” measured at fair value, in combination with derivatives written with a view to significantly mitigating exposure to changes in these contracts’ fair value, or in combination with financial liabilities and derivatives designed to significantly reduce global exposure to interest rate risk.

These headings include customer loans and deposits effected via so-called unit-linked life insurance contracts, in which the policyholder assumes the investment risk.

 

Other Reserves   

 

This heading is broken down as follows:

 

i) Reserves or accumulated losses of investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associate: include the accumulated amount of income and expenses generated by the aforementioned investments through profit or loss in past years.

 

ii) Other: includes reserves different from those separately disclosed in other items and may include legal reserve and statutory reserve.

 

 

Other retributions to

employees long term

 

   Includes the amount of compensation plans to employees long term
Own/treasury shares   

 

The amount of own equity instruments held by the entity.

 

Past service cost   

 

It is the change in the present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee service in prior periods, resulting in the current period from the introduction of, or changes to, post-employment benefits or other long-term employee benefits.

 

Post-employment

benefits

  

 

Retirement benefit plans are arrangements whereby an enterprise provides benefits for its employees on or after termination of service.

 

Potential problem risk   

 

All debt instruments and contingent risks which do not meet the criteria to be classified individually as non-performing or written-off, but show weaknesses that may entail for the entity the need to assume losses greater than the hedges for impairment of risks subject to special monitoring.

 

 

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Probability of default

(PD)

  

 

It is the probability of the counterparty failing to meet its principal and/or interest payment obligations. The PD is associated with the rating/scoring of each counterparty/transaction.

 

 

Property, plant and

equipment/tangible

assets

 

   Buildings, land, fixtures, vehicles, computer equipment and other facilities owned by the entity or acquired under finance leases.
Provisions   

 

Provisions include amounts recognized to cover the Group’s current obligations arising as a result of past events, certain in terms of nature but uncertain in terms of amount and/or cancellation date.

 

Provisions for

contingent liabilities

and commitments

  

 

Provisions recorded to cover exposures arising as a result of transactions through which the entity guarantees commitments assumed by third parties in respect of financial guarantees granted or other types of contracts, and provisions for contingent commitments, i.e., irrevocable commitments which may arise upon recognition of financial assets.

 

 

Provisions for

pensions and similar

obligation

 

   Constitutes all provisions recognized to cover retirement benefits, including commitments assumed vis-à-vis beneficiaries of early retirement and analogous schemes.

Provisions or (-)

reversal of provisions

  

 

Provisions recognized during the year, net of recoveries on amounts provisioned in prior years, with the exception of provisions for pensions and contributions to pension funds which constitute current or interest expense.

 

Refinanced Operation   

 

An operation which is totally or partially brought up to date with its payments as a result of a refinancing operation made by the entity itself or by another company in its group.

 

Refinancing Operation   

 

An operation which, irrespective of the holder or guarantees involved, is granted or used for financial or legal reasons related to current or foreseeable financial difficulties that the holder(s) may have in settling one or more operations granted by the entity itself or by other companies in its group to the holder(s) or to another company or companies of its group, or through which such operations are totally or partially brought up to date with their payments, in order to enable the holders of the settled or refinanced operations to pay off their loans (principal and interest) because they are unable, or are expected to be unable, to meet the conditions in a timely and appropriate manner.

 

Renegotiated Operation   

 

An operation whose financial conditions are modified when the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulties, and is not expected to experience them in the future, i.e. the conditions are modified for reasons other than restructuring.

 

Repricing risk   

 

Risks related to the timing mismatch in the maturity and repricing of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet short and long-term positions.

 

Restructured Operation   

 

An operation whose financial conditions are modified for economic or legal reasons related to the holder’s (or holders’) current or foreseeable financial difficulties, in order to enable payment of the loan (principal and interest), because the holder is unable, or is expected to be unable, to meet those conditions in a timely and appropriate manner, even if such modification is provided for in the contract. In any event, the following are considered restructured operations: operations in which a haircut is made or assets are received in order to reduce the loan, or in which their conditions are modified in order to extend their maturity, change the amortization table in order to reduce the amount of the installments in the short term or reduce their frequency, or to establish or extend the grace period for the principal, the interest or both; except when it can be proved that the conditions are modified for reasons other than the financial difficulties of the holders and, are similar to those applied on the market on the modification date for operations granted to customers with a similar risk profile.

 

 

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Retained earnings   

 

Accumulated net profits or losses recognized in the income statement in prior years and retained in equity upon distribution.

 

Securitization fund   

 

A fund that is configured as a separate equity and administered by a management company. An entity that would like funding sells certain assets to the securitization fund, which, in turn, issues securities backed by said assets.

 

Share premium   

 

The amount paid in by owners for issued equity at a premium to the shares’ nominal value.

 

Shareholders’ funds   

 

Contributions by stockholders, accumulated earnings recognized in the income statement and the equity components of compound financial instruments.

 

Short positions   

 

Financial liabilities arising as a result of the final sale of financial assets acquired under repurchase agreements or received on loan.

 

Significant influence   

 

Is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but is not control or joint control of those policies. If an entity holds, directly or indirectly (i.e. through subsidiaries), 20 per cent or more of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the entity has significant influence, unless it can be clearly demonstrated that this is not the case. Conversely, if the entity holds, directly or indirectly (i.e. through subsidiaries), less than 20 per cent of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the entity does not have significant influence, unless such influence can be clearly demonstrated. A substantial or majority ownership by another investor does not necessarily preclude an entity from having significant influence.

The existence of significant influence by an entity is usually evidenced in one or more of the following ways:

    a)    representation on the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the investee;

    b)    participation in policy-making processes, including participation in decisions about dividends or other distributions;

    c)    material transactions between the entity and its investee;

    d)    interchange of managerial personnel; or

    e)    provision of essential technical information.

 

 

Structured credit

products

 

   Special financial instrument backed by other instruments building a subordination structure.
Structured Entities   

 

A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks only and the relevant activities are directed by means of contractual arrangements. A structured entity often has some or all of the following features or attributes:

    a)    restricted activities.

    b)    a narrow and well-defined objective, such as to effect a tax-efficient lease, carry out research and development activities, provide a source of capital or funding to an entity or provide investment opportunities for investors y passing on risks and rewards associated with the assets of the structured entity to investors.

    c)    insufficient equity to permit the structured entity to finance its activities without subordinated financial support.

    d)    financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instruments to investors that create concentrations of credit or other risks (tranches).

 

Subordinated

liabilities

  

 

Financing received, regardless of its instrumentation, which ranks after the common creditors in the event of a liquidation.

 

 

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Subsidiaries   

 

Companies over which the Group exercises control. An entity is presumed to have control over another when it possesses the right to oversee its financial and operational policies, through a legal, statutory or contractual procedure, in order to obtain benefits from its economic activities. Control is presumed to exist when the parent owns, directly or indirectly through subsidiaries, more than one half of an entity’s voting power, unless, exceptionally, it can be clearly demonstrated that ownership of more than one half of an entity’s voting rights does not constitute control of it. Control also exists when the parent owns half or less of the voting power of an entity when there is:

    a)    an agreement that gives the parent the right to control the votes of other shareholders;

    b)    power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity under a statute or an agreement; power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body and control of the entity is by that board or body;

    c)    power to cast the majority of votes at meetings of the board of directors or equivalent governing body and control of the entity is by that board or body.

 

Tax liabilities   

 

All tax related liabilities except for provisions for taxes.

 

Territorials bonds   

 

Financial assets or fixed asset security issued with the guarantee of portfolio loans of the public sector of the issuing entity

 

Tier 1 Capital   

 

Includes: Common stock, parent company reserves, reserves in consolidated companies, non-controlling interests,, computable generic, deductions and others and attributed net income

 

 

Tier 2 Capital

 

   Includes: Subordinated, preferred shares and non- controlling interest
Unit-link   

 

This is life insurance in which the policyholder assumes the risk. In these policies, the funds for the technical insurance provisions are invested in the name of and on behalf of the policyholder in shares of Collective Investment Institutions and other financial assets chosen by the policyholder, who bears the investment risk.

 

Value at Risk (VaR)   

 

Value at Risk (VaR) is the basic variable for measuring and controlling the Group’s market risk. This risk metric estimates the maximum loss that may occur in a portfolio’s market positions for a particular time horizon and given confidence level

 

VaR figures are estimated following two methodologies:

 

      ·    ‘VaR without smoothing, which awards equal weight to the daily information for the immediately preceding last two years. This is currently the official methodology for measuring market risks vis-à-vis limits compliance of the risk.

      ·    VaR with smoothing, which weights more recent market information more heavily.

This is a metric which supplements the previous one.

 

VaR with smoothing adapts itself more swiftly to the changes in financial market conditions, whereas VaR without smoothing is, in general, a more stable metric that will tend to exceed VaR with smoothing when the markets show less volatile trends, while it will tend to be lower when they present upturns in uncertainty.

 

Yield curve risk   

 

Risks arising from changes in the slope and the shape of the yield curve.

 

 

F-260