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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

28. Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

 

The Company uses fair value measurements to state certain assets and liabilities at fair value and to support fair value disclosures. Securities held for trading, securities available for sale, derivatives and servicing assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, Doral may be required to record other financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as loans held for sale, loans receivable and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

The Company discloses for interim and annual reporting periods the fair value of all financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value, whether recognized or not in the statement of financial position.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company categorizes its financial instruments based on priority of inputs to the valuation technique into a three level hierarchy described below.

  • Level 1 – Valuation is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

           

  • Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market, or are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data, by correlation or by other means.

     

  • Level 3 – Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company's estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Determination of Fair Value

 

The Company bases fair values on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It is Doral Financial's intent to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.

 

Fair value measurements for assets and liabilities where there is limited or no observable market data are based primarily upon the Company's estimates, and are generally calculated based on current pricing policy, the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other such factors. Therefore, the fair values represent management's estimates and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future values.

 

The Company relies on appraisals for valuation of collateral dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned. An appraisal of value is obtained at the time the loan is originated. New estimates of collateral value are obtained when a loan that has been performing becomes delinquent and is determined to be collateral dependent, and at the time an asset is acquired through foreclosure. Updated reappraisals are requested at least every two years for collateral dependent loans and other real estate owned.

 

Residential mortgage loans are considered collateral dependent when they are 180 days past due (collateral dependent residential mortgage loans are those past due loans whose borrowers' financial condition has deteriorated to the point that Doral considers only the collateral when determining its allowance for loan and lease loss estimate). An updated estimate of property's value is obtained when the loan is 180 days past due, and a second assessment of value is obtained when the loan is 360 days past due. The Company generally uses broker price opinions (“BPOs”) as an assessment of value of collateral dependent residential mortgage loans.

 

As it takes a period of time for commercial loan appraisals to be completed once they are requested, Doral must at times estimate its allowance for loan and lease losses for an impaired loan using a dated, or stale, appraisal. As Puerto Rico has experienced some decrease in property values during its extended recession, the reported values of the stale appraisals must be adjusted to recognize the “fade” in market value. In estimating its allowance for loan and lease losses on collateral dependent loans using outdated appraisals, Doral uses the original appraisal as adjusted for the estimated fade in property value less selling costs to estimate the current fair value of the collateral. That current adjusted estimated fair value is then compared to the reported investment, and if the adjusted fair value is less than reported investment, that amount is included in the allowance for loan and lease loss estimate.

 

Residential development construction loans that are collateral dependent present unique challenges to estimating the fair value of the underlying collateral. Residential development construction loans are partially completed with additional construction costs to be incurred, have units being sold and released from the construction loan, and may have additional land collateralizing the loan on which the developer hopes or expects to build additional units. Therefore, the value of the collateral is regularly changing and any appraisal has a limited useful life. Doral uses an internally developed estimate of value that considers Doral's exit strategy of foreclosing and completing the construction started and selling the individual units constructed for residential buildings, and separately uses the most recent appraised value for any remnant land adjusted for the fade in value since the appraisal date as described above. This internally developed estimate is prepared in conjunction with a third party servicer of the portfolio who validates and determines the inputs used to arrive at the estimate of value (e.g. units sold, expected sales, cost to complete, etc.)

 

Once third party appraisals are obtained, the previously estimated property values are updated with the actual values reflected in the appraisals and any additional loss incurred is recognized in the period when the appraisal is received. The internally developed collateral price index is also updated and any changes resulting from the update in the index are also recognized in the period.

 

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for financial instruments recorded at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.

 

Securities held for trading: Securities held for trading are reported at fair value and consist primarily of securities and derivatives held for trading purposes. The valuation method for trading securities is the same as the methodology used for securities classified as Available for Sale. The valuation methodology for IOs (Level 3) and derivatives (Level 2) are described in the Servicing assets and interest-only strips, and Derivatives sections, respectively.

For residual CMO certificates included in trading securities, the Company uses a cash flow model to value the securities. Doral utilizes the collateral's statistics available on Bloomberg such as forecasted prepayment speed, weighted-average remaining maturity, weighted-average coupon and age. Based on Bloomberg information, the Company forecasts the cash flows and then discounts it at the discount rate used for the period. For purposes of discounting, the Company uses the same Z-spread methodology used for the valuations of Doral's floating rate IOs.

Securities available for sale: Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security's credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions, expected defaults and loss severity. Level 1 securities (held for trading) include those securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. Level 2 securities include agency CMOs, municipal bonds, and agency MBS. Level 3 securities include non-agency and agency CMOs for which quoted market prices are not available. For determining the fair value of Level 3 securities available for sale, the Company uses a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future cash flows. The model incorporates the Company's own estimates of assumptions market participants use in determining the fair value, including prepayment speeds, loss assumptions and discount rates.

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of net cost or market value on an aggregate portfolio basis. The amount by which cost exceeds market value, if any, is accounted for as a loss through a valuation allowance. Loans held for sale consist primarily of mortgage loans. The market value of mortgage loans held for sale is generally based on quoted market prices for MBS adjusted to reflect particular characteristics of the asset such as guarantee fees, servicing fees, actual delinquency and credit risk. Loans held for sale are classified as Level 2, except for loans where management makes certain adjustments to the model based on unobservable inputs that are significant. These loans are classified as Level 3. Loans held for sale were carried at cost as of June 30, 2011.

Loans receivable: Loans receivable are those held principally for investment purposes. These consist of construction loans for new housing development, certain residential mortgage loans which the Company does not expect to sell in the near future, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, leases, land, and consumer loans. Loans receivable are carried at their unpaid principal balance, less unearned interest, net of deferred loan fees or costs (including premiums and discounts), undisbursed portion of construction loans and an allowance for loan and lease losses. Loans receivable include collateral dependent loans for which the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. The Company does not record loans receivable at fair value on a recurring basis. However, from time to time, the Company records nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent loans to reflect (i) partial write-downs that are based on the fair value of the collateral, or (ii) the full charge-off of the loan carrying value. The fair value of the collateral is mainly derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations. The Company classifies loans receivable subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.

For the fair value of loans receivable, not reported at fair value loans are classified by type such as, residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, leases, land, and consumer loans. The fair value of residential mortgage loans is based on quoted market prices for MBS adjusted by particular characteristics like guarantee fees, servicing fees, actual delinquency and the credit risk associated to the individual loans. For the syndicated commercial loans, the Company engages a third party specialist to assist with its valuation. The fair value of syndicated commercial loans is determined based on market information on trading activity. For all other loans, the fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based on LIBOR and with adjustments that the Company believes a market participant would consider in determining fair value for like assets.

 

Servicing assets and interest-only strips: The Company routinely originates, securitizes and sells mortgage loans into the secondary market. As a result of this process, the Company typically retains the servicing rights and, in the past, also retained IOs. Servicing assets retained in a sale or securitization arise from contractual agreements between the Company and investors in mortgage securities and mortgage loans. The Company records mortgage servicing assets at fair value on a recurring basis. Considerable judgment is required to determine the fair value of the Company's servicing assets. Unlike highly liquid investments, the market value of servicing assets cannot be readily determined because these assets are not actively traded in securities markets. The fair value of the servicing assets is determined based on a combination of market information on trading activity (servicing asset trades and broker valuations), benchmarking of servicing assets (valuation surveys) and cash flow modeling. The valuation of the Company's servicing assets incorporates two sets of assumptions: (i) market derived assumptions for discount rates, servicing costs, escrow earnings rate, float earnings rate and cost of funds and (ii) market derived assumptions adjusted for the Company's loan characteristics and portfolio behavior for escrow balances, delinquencies and foreclosures, late fees, prepayments and prepayment penalties. For IOs the Company uses a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future cash flows. The model incorporates the Company's own estimates of assumptions market participants use in determining the fair value, including estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rates, defaults and contractual fee income. IOs are recorded as securities held for trading. Fair value measurements of servicing assets and IOs use significant unobservable inputs and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3.

 

Real estate held for sale: The Company acquires real estate through foreclosure proceedings. These properties are held for sale and are stated at the lower of cost or fair value (after deduction of estimated disposition costs). A loss is recognized for any initial write down to fair value less costs to sell. The fair value of the properties is derived from appraisals that take into consideration prices in observed transactions involving similar assets in similar locations but adjusted for specific characteristics and assumptions of the properties, which are not market observable. The Company records nonrecurring fair value adjustments to reflect any losses in the carrying value arising from periodic appraisals of the properties charged to expense in the period incurred. The Company classifies real estate held for sale subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustments as Level 3.

 

Other assets: The Company may be required to record certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These assets include premises and equipment, goodwill, and certain assets that are part of CB, LLC. CB, LLC is an entity formed to manage a residential real estate project that Doral Bank PR received in lieu of foreclosure. Fair value measurements of these assets use significant unobservable inputs and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3.

 

Premises and equipment: Premises and equipment are carried at cost. However, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the fair value of the property, which is generally obtained from appraisals. Property impairment losses are recorded as part of occupancy expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

Goodwill: Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate possible impairment. In determining the fair value of a reporting unit the Company uses discounted cash flow analysis. Goodwill impairment losses are recorded as part of other expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

CB, LLC: Events or changes in circumstances may indicate that the carrying amount of certain assets may not be recoverable, such as for land and the remaining housing units. Impairment losses are recorded as part of occupancy expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Derivatives: Substantially all of the Company's derivatives are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not readily available. For those derivatives, Doral Financial measures fair value using internally developed models that use primarily market observable inputs, such as yield curves and volatility surfaces.

The non-performance risk is evaluated internally considering collateral held, remaining term and the creditworthiness of the entity that bears the risk. These derivatives are classified as Level 2. Level 2 derivatives consist of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for instruments not recorded at fair value.

 

Cash and due from banks and other interest-earning assets: Valued at the carrying amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity.

 

Deposits: Fair value is calculated considering the discounted cash flows based on brokered certificates of deposits curve and internally generated decay assumptions.

 

Loans payable: These loans represent secured lending arrangements with local financial institutions that are generally floating rate instruments, and therefore their fair value has been determined to be par.

 

Notes payable, advances from FHLB, other short-term borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase: Valued utilizing discounted cash flow analysis over the remaining term of the obligation using market rates for similar instruments.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the balance of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

 

(In thousands)  Total Level 1 Level 2  Level 3  Total Level 1 Level 2  Level 3
Assets:                        
 Securities Held for Trading                        
  MBS $ 830 $ $ $ 830 $ 766 $ $ $ 766
  IOs   43,750       43,750   44,250       44,250
  Derivatives   9     9     13     13  
   Total Securities Held for Trading   44,589     9   44,580   45,029     13   45,016
                            
 Securities Available for Sale                        
  Agency MBS   446,956     445,288   1,668   1,142,973     1,141,281   1,692
  CMO Government Sponsored Agencies   109,630     102,347   7,283   312,831     305,442   7,389
  Non-Agency CMOs   7,960       7,960   7,192       7,192
  Obligations U.S. Government Sponsored Agencies   94,982     94,982     34,992     34,992  
  Other   11,923       11,923   7,077       7,077
   Total Securities Available for Sale   671,451     642,617   28,834   1,505,065     1,481,715   23,350
                            
 Servicing Assets   115,785       115,785   114,342       114,342
     $ 831,825 $ $ 642,626 $ 189,199 $ 1,664,436 $ $ 1,481,728 $ 182,708
                            
Liabilities:                        
   Derivatives (1) $ 3,435 $ $ 3,435 $ $ 5,418 $ $ 5,418 $

_____________________________

  • Forward contracts and interest rate swaps included as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

 

 

 

The changes in Level 3 of assets and liabilities for the quarters and six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:

 

 

 

     For the quarter ended June 30, 2011
(In thousands) Balance, beginning of quarter Change in fair value included in the Statement of Operations Capitalization of servicing assets included in the Statement of Operations Net gains included in other comprehensive income Principal repayments and amortization of premium and discount (4)Purchases Balance, end of quarter
                        
Securities held for trading                    
 MBS $ 805 $ 25 $ $ $$ $ 830
 IOs (1)   41,618   2,132          43,750
  Total securities held for trading   42,423   2,157          44,580
                      
Securities available for sale (2)                    
 Agency MBS   1,682       12   (26)    1,668
 CMO Government Sponsored Agencies   7,336       10   (63)    7,283
 Non-Agency CMOs   7,753   (86)     216   77    7,960
 Other   11,876       187   (140)    11,923
  Total securities available for sale   28,647   (86)     425   (152)    28,834
                        
Servicing Assets (3)   116,299   (3,059)   2,545        115,785
   Balance at end of period $ 187,369 $ (988) $ 2,545 $ 425 $ (152)$ $ 189,199
                        
     For the quarter ended June 30, 2010
(In thousands) Balance, beginning of quarter Change in fair value included in the Statement of Operations Capitalization of servicing assets included in the Statement of Operations Net gains included in other comprehensive income Principal repayments and amortization of premium and discount (4)Purchases Balance, end of quarter
                        
Securities held for trading                    
 MBS $ 796 $ 36 $ $ $$ $ 832
 IOs (1)   43,584   1,128          44,712
  Total securities held for trading   44,380   1,164          45,544
                      
Securities available for sale (2)                    
 Agency MBS   1,738       25      1,763
 CMO Government Sponsored Agencies   8,194       (349)   (65)    7,780
 Non-Agency CMOs   261,129       129,634   (383,268)    7,495
 Other   1,860       (45)      1,815
  Total securities available for sale   272,921       129,265   (383,333)    18,853
                        
Servicing Assets (3)   118,236   (6,475)   1,406      (162)   113,005
   Balance at end of period $ 435,537 $ (5,311) $ 1,406 $ 129,265 $ (383,333)$ (162)   177,402

________________________________

  • Changes in fair value are recognized in net gain on trading activities in non-interest income and the amortization of the IOs is recognized in interest income on interest-only strips. For the quarter ended June 30, 2011, the IO had a gain of $4.1 million for change in fair value and an amortization of $2.0 million. For the quarter ended June 30, 2010, the IO had a gain of $3.8 million for change in fair value and an amortization of $2.7 million.
  • OTTI is recognized as part of non-interest income. Amortization of premium and discount is recognized as part of interest income as mortgage-backed securities.
  • Change in fair value of servicing assets is recognized in non-interest income as servicing income. Capitalization of servicing assets is recognized in non-interest income as net gain on mortgage loan sales and fees.
  • Amortization of premium and discount of $108,000 and $489,000 for the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively is recognized within interest income from MBS in the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

     For the six month period ended June 30, 2011
(In thousands) Balance, beginning of year Change in fair value included in the Statement of Operations Capitalization of servicing assets included in the Statement of Operations Net gains included in other comprehensive income Principal repayments and amortization of premium and discount (4)Purchases Balance, end of year
                        
Securities available for trading                    
 MBS $ 766 $ 64 $ $ $$ $ 830
 IOs(1)   44,250   (500)          43,750
  Total securities held for trading   45,016   (436)          44,580
                      
Securities available for sale(2)                    
 Agency MBS   1,692       26   (50)    1,668
 CMO Government Sponsored Agencies   7,389       28   (134)    7,283
 Non-Agency CMOs   7,192   (86)     724   130    7,960
 Other   7,077       204   (360)  5,002   11,923
  Total securities available for sale   23,350   (86)     982   (414)  5,002   28,834
                        
Servicing asset(3)   114,342   (3,199)   4,642        115,785
  Balance at end of period $ 182,708 $ (3,721) $ 4,642 $ 982 $ (414)$ 5,002 $ 189,199
                        
     For the six month period ended June 30, 2010
(In thousands) Balance, beginning of year Change in fair value included in the Statement of Operations Capitalization of servicing assets included in the Statement of Operations Net gains included in other comprehensive income Principal repayments and amortization of premium and discount (4)Purchases Balance, end of year
                        
Securities held for trading                    
 MBS $ 893 $ (61) $ $ $$ $ 832
 IOs(1)   45,723   (1,011)          44,712
  Total securities held for trading   46,616   (1,072)          45,544
                      
Securities available for sale(2)                    
 Agency MBS   1,830       32   (99)    1,763
 CMO Government Sponsored Agencies   7,701       230   (151)    7,780
 Non-Agency CMOs   270,600   (13,259)     143,507   (393,353)    7,495
 Other   1,650       165      1,815
  Total securities available for sale   281,781   (13,259)     143,934   (393,603)    18,853
                        
Servicing Assets(3)   118,493   (8,478)   3,183      (193)   113,005
  Balance at end of period $ 446,890 $ (22,809) $ 3,183 $ 143,934 $ (393,603)$ (193) $ 177,402

________________________________

  • Changes in fair value are recognized in net gain on trading activities in non-interest income and the amortization of the IOs is recognized in interest income on interest-only strips. For the period ended June 30, 2011, the IO had a gain of $3.6 million for change in fair value and an amortization of $4.1 million. For the period ended June 30, 2010, the IO had a gain of $4.5 million for change in fair value and an amortization of $5.5 million.
  • OTTI is recognized as part of non-interest income. Amortization of premium and discount is recognized as part of interest income as mortgage-backed securities.
  • Change in fair value of servicing assets is recognized in non-interest income as servicing income. Capitalization of servicing assets is recognized in non-interest income as net gain on mortgage loan sales and fees.
  • Amortization of premium and discount of $172,000 and $0.1 million for the periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively is recognized within interest income from MBS in the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

 

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

 

The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. The valuation methodologies used to measure these fair value adjustments are described above. For assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the six month period ended June 30, 2011, that were still held on the balance sheet at June 30, 2011, the following table provides the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related individual assets or portfolios at period end.

 

(In thousands) Carrying Value Level 3
June 30, 2011      
 Loans receivable (1) $ 158,590 $ 158,590
 Real estate held for sale (2)   37,507   37,507
  Total $ 196,097 $ 196,097
         
December 31, 2010      
 Loans receivable (1) $ 266,093 $ 266,093
 Real estate held for sale (2)   70,335   70,335
 Other assets (3)   2,275   2,275
  Total $ 338,703 $ 338,703

________________________

  • Represents the carrying value of collateral dependent loans for which adjustments are based on the appraised value of the collateral.
  • Represents the carrying value of real estate held for sale for which adjustments are based on the appraised value of the properties.
  • Represents the carrying value of CB, LLC assets for which adjustments are based on the appraised value of land and the remaining housing units.

 

 

The following table summarizes total losses relating to assets (classified as level 3) held at the reporting periods.
                
     Loss for the quarters ended June 30, Loss for the six month periods ended June 30,
(In thousands)  Location of Loss Recognized in the Statement of Operations  2011 2010 2011 2010
                
Loans receivable  Provision for loan and lease losses$ 8,411 $ 4,284 $ 5,789 $ 20,335
Real estate held for sale   Other expenses$ 1,945 $ 27,980 $ 6,493 $ 32,429

Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The following table discloses the carrying amounts of financial instruments and their estimated fair values as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The amounts in the disclosure have not been updated since quarter end, therefore, the valuations may have changed significantly since that point in time. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methods may have a material effect in the estimated fair value amounts.

   June 30, 2011 December 31, 2010
(In thousands) Carrying Amount Fair Value Carrying Amount Fair Value
Financial assets:            
 Cash and due from banks  $ 562,397 $ 562,397 $ 355,819 $ 355,819
 Other interest-earning assets    43,967   43,967   156,607   156,607
  (1)   44,589   44,589   45,029   45,029
 Securities available for sale    671,451   671,451   1,505,065   1,505,065
  (2)   301,934   308,715   319,269   325,655
 Loans receivable    5,595,126   5,357,922   5,464,919   5,179,879
 Servicing assets    115,785   115,785   114,342   114,342
              
Financial liabilities:            
 Deposits  $ 4,302,792 $ 4,361,116 $ 4,618,475 $ 4,685,730
 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase    442,300   458,706   1,176,800   1,218,280
 Advances from FHLB    1,342,849   1,421,846   901,420   923,266
 Loans payable    294,623   294,623   304,035   304,035
 Notes payable    510,430   481,915   513,958   482,441
  (3)   3,435   3,435   5,418   5,418

___________________________

  • Includes derivatives of $9,000 and $13,000 for June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
  • Includes $148.1 million and $153.4 million for June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, related to GNMA defaulted loans for which the Company has an unconditional buy-back option.
  • Includes $53,000 and $0.7 million of derivatives held for trading purposes and $3.4 million and $4.7 million of derivatives held for purposes other than trading, for June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, as part of accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.