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Revenue Recognition
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Revenue Recognition [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition
Note 3. Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products, which include golf clubs, golf balls, lifestyle and outdoor apparel, gear and accessories, in addition to golf apparel and accessories. The Company sells its products to customers, which include on- and off-course golf shops and national retail stores, as well as to consumers through its e-commerce business and at its apparel retail locations. In addition, the Company recognizes royalty income from the sale by third-party licensees of certain soft goods products, as well as revenue from the sale of gift cards.
The Company's contracts with customers are generally in the form of a purchase order. In certain cases, the Company enters into sales agreements containing specific terms, discounts and allowances. In addition, the Company enters into licensing agreements with certain distributors.
As of January 1, 2019, the Company has two operating and reportable segments, namely the Golf Equipment operating segment and the Apparel, Gear and Other operating segment. The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by major product category and operating and reportable segment (in thousands):
 
Operating Segments(1)
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Golf Equipment
 
Apparel, Gear
& Other
 
Total
2019
 
Golf Clubs
$
168,005

 
$

 
$
168,005

Golf Balls
42,497

 

 
42,497

Apparel

 
139,998

 
139,998

Gear, Accessories & Other

 
75,717

 
75,717

 
$
210,502

 
$
215,715

 
$
426,217

2018
 
 
 
 
 
Golf Clubs
$
142,396

 
$

 
$
142,396

Golf Balls
44,661

 

 
44,661

Apparel

 
27,340

 
27,340

Gear, Accessories & Other

 
48,257

 
48,257

 
$
187,057

 
$
75,597

 
$
262,654

 
Operating Segments(1)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Golf Equipment
 
Apparel, Gear
& Other
 
Total
2019
 
Golf Clubs
$
653,531

 
$

 
$
653,531

Golf Balls
172,943

 

 
172,943

Apparel

 
309,439

 
309,439

Gear, Accessories & Other

 
253,209

 
253,209

 
$
826,474

 
$
562,648

 
$
1,389,122

2018
 
 
 
 
 
Golf Clubs
$
632,639

 
$

 
$
632,639

Golf Balls
165,465

 

 
165,465

Apparel

 
84,460

 
84,460

Gear, Accessories & Other

 
179,592

 
179,592

 
$
798,104

 
$
264,052

 
$
1,062,156

 
(1)
The Company changed its operating segments as of January 1, 2019 (see Note 18). Accordingly, prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.
The Company sells its golf equipment products and apparel, gear and accessories in the United States and internationally, with its principal international regions being Japan and Europe. As the majority of the Company's sales are concentrated in golf equipment products, sales of golf equipment are generally higher on a regional basis, with the exception of Europe, which has a higher concentration of sales of apparel, gear and other as a result of the Jack Wolfskin acquisition completed in January 2019.
The following table presents information about the geographical areas in which the Company operates. Revenues are attributed to the location to which the product was shipped (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Major Geographic Region:(1)
 
 
 
United States
$
161,631

 
$
142,263

Europe
133,351

 
33,086

Japan
64,176

 
54,434

Rest of World
67,059

 
32,871

 
$
426,217

 
$
262,654


 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
Major Geographic Region:(1)
 
 
 
United States
$
658,051

 
$
610,797

Europe
341,594

 
130,613

Japan
193,080

 
183,375

Rest of World
196,397

 
137,371

 
$
1,389,122

 
$
1,062,156

 
(1) In connection with the Company's assessment of its operating and reportable segments the Company also reassessed its reportable regions. As a result, starting on January 1, 2019, the Company will report regional sales previously reported in Rest of Asia and Other Foreign Countries in Rest of World. Accordingly, prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation of regional sales.
Product Sales
The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products when it satisfies the terms of a sales order from a customer, and transfers control of the products ordered to the customer. Control transfers when products are shipped, and in certain cases, when products are received by customers. In addition, the Company recognizes revenue at the point of sale on transactions with consumers at its retail locations. Sales taxes, value added taxes and other taxes that are collected in connection with revenue transactions are withheld and remitted to the respective taxing authorities. As such, these taxes are excluded from revenue. The Company elected to account for shipping and handling as activities to fulfill the promise to transfer the good. Therefore, shipping and handling fees that are billed to customers are recognized in revenue and the associated shipping and handling costs are recognized in cost of goods sold as soon as control of the goods transfers to the customer.
Royalty Income
Royalty income is recognized over time in net sales as underlying product sales occur, subject to certain minimum royalties, in accordance with the related licensing arrangements and is included in the Company's Apparel, Gear and Other operating segment. Total royalty income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $5,466,000 and $4,857,000, respectively, and total royalty income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was $15,611,000 and $14,451,000, respectively.
Gift Cards
Revenues from gift cards are deferred and recognized when the cards are redeemed. The Company’s gift cards have no expiration date. The Company recognizes revenue from unredeemed gift cards, otherwise known as breakage, when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote and under circumstances that comply with any applicable state escheatment laws. To determine when redemption is remote, the Company analyzes an aging of unredeemed cards (based on the date the card was last used or the activation date if the card has never been used) and compares that information with historical redemption trends. The Company uses this historical redemption rate to recognize breakage on unredeemed gift cards over the redemption period. The Company does not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be a material change in the future estimates or assumptions used to determine the timing of recognition of gift card revenues. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company's deferred revenue liability for gift cards was $1,138,000 and $1,096,000, respectively. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $528,000 and $473,000 of deferred gift card revenue, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $1,515,000 and $1,536,000 of deferred gift card revenue, respectively.
Variable Consideration
The amount of revenue the Company recognizes is based on the amount of consideration it expects to receive from customers. The amount of consideration is the sales price adjusted for estimates of variable consideration, including sales returns, discounts and allowances as well as sales programs, sales promotions and price concessions that are offered by the Company as described below. These estimates are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed by customers on the related sales, and are therefore recorded as reductions to sales and trade accounts receivable.
The Company’s primary sales program, the “Preferred Retailer Program,” offers potential rebates and discounts for participating retailers in exchange for providing certain benefits to the Company, including the maintenance of agreed upon inventory levels, prime product placement and retailer staff training. Under this program, qualifying retailers can earn either discounts or rebates based upon the amount of product purchased. Discounts are applied and recorded at the time of sale. For rebates, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration related to the rebate at the time of sale based on the customer’s estimated qualifying current year product purchases. The estimate is based on the historical level of purchases, adjusted for any factors expected to affect the current year purchase levels. The estimated year-end rebate is adjusted quarterly based on actual purchase levels, as necessary. The Preferred Retailer Program is generally short-term in nature and the actual amount of rebate to be paid under this program is known as of the end of the year and paid to customers shortly after year-end. Historically, the Company's actual amount of variable consideration related to its Preferred Retailer Program has not been materially different from its estimates.
The Company also offers short-term sales program incentives, which include sell-through promotions and price concessions or price reductions. Sell-through promotions are generally offered throughout the product's life cycle of approximately two years, and price concessions or price reductions are generally offered at the end of the product's life cycle. The estimated variable consideration related to these programs is based on a rate that includes historical and forecasted data. The Company records a reduction to net sales using this rate at the time of the sale. The Company monitors this rate against
actual results and forecasted estimates, and adjusts the rate as deemed necessary in order to reflect the amount of consideration it expects to receive from its customers. There were no material changes to the rate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. Historically, the Company's actual amount of variable consideration related to these sales programs has not been materially different from its estimates.
The Company records an estimate for anticipated returns as a reduction of sales and cost of sales, and accounts receivable, in the period that the related sales are recorded. Sales returns are estimated based upon historical returns, current economic trends, changes in customer demands and sell-through of products. The Company also offers its customers sales programs that allow for specific returns. The Company records a return liability as an offset to accounts receivable for anticipated returns related to these sales programs at the time of the sale based on the terms of the sales program. The cost recovery of inventory associated with this reserve is accounted for in other current assets. Historically, the Company’s actual sales returns have not been materially different from management’s original estimates.
Credit Losses
The Company's trade accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value, which includes an appropriate allowance for estimated credit losses, as well as reserves related to product returns and sales programs as described above. The estimate of credit losses is based upon historical bad debts, current customer receivable balances, age of customer receivable balances, the customer’s financial condition and current economic trends, all of which are subject to change. Actual uncollected amounts have historically been consistent with the Company’s expectations. The Company's payment terms on its receivables from customers are generally 60 days or less.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the activity related to the Company’s allowance for credit losses (in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Beginning balance
$
5,499

 
$
3,675

 
$
5,610

 
$
4,447

Provision for credit losses
778

 
2,270

 
920

 
1,986

Write-off of uncollectible amounts, net of recoveries
(155
)
 
(307
)
 
(408
)
 
(795
)
Ending balance
$
6,122

 
$
5,638

 
$
6,122

 
$
5,638