<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<InstanceReport xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Version>1.0.0.3</Version>
  <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
  <ReportName>Basis of Presentation</ReportName>
  <RoundingOption />
  <Columns>
    <Column>
      <LabelColumn>false</LabelColumn>
      <Id>1</Id>
      <Labels>
        <Label Id="1" Label="9 Months Ended" />
        <Label Id="2" Label="Sep. 30, 2009" />
        <Label Id="4" Label="USD / shares" />
      </Labels>
      <CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol>
      <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
      <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
      <Segments />
      <Scenarios />
      <Units>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USD</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Standard</UnitType>
          <StandardMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </StandardMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USDPerShare</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Divide</UnitType>
          <NumeratorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </NumeratorMeasure>
          <DenominatorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace>
          </DenominatorMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
      </Units>
    </Column>
  </Columns>
  <Rows>
    <Row>
      <Id>2</Id>
      <Label>NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</Label>
      <Level>0</Level>
      <ElementName>wlt_NotesToConsolidatedFinancialsAbstract</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>wlt</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>false</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ElementDataType>string</ElementDataType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText />
          <NonNumericTextHeader />
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
    <Row>
      <Id>3</Id>
      <Label>Basis of Presentation</Label>
      <Level>1</Level>
      <ElementName>us-gaap_OrganizationConsolidationAndPresentationOfFinancialStatementsDisclosureTextBlock</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ElementDataType>string</ElementDataType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText>&lt;table style="font-size:10pt; font-family:'Times New Roman',times,serif;"&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;
&lt;p style="FONT-FAMILY: times"&gt;&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Note&amp;nbsp;1&amp;#151;Basis
of Presentation&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="FONT-FAMILY: times"&gt;
&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;On
April&amp;nbsp;23, 2009, Walter Industries,&amp;nbsp;Inc. changed its name
to Walter Energy,&amp;nbsp;Inc. ("Walter"). Walter, together with its
consolidated subsidiaries ("the Company"), is a leading U.S.
producer and exporter of premium hard coking coal for the global
steel industry (Underground Mining), operates surface mines for the
steam coal and industrial coal markets (Surface Mining) and
produces metallurgical coke (Walter Coke). In December 2008, the
Company announced the closure of its Homebuilding segment and on
April&amp;nbsp;17, 2009, the Company spun off its Financing segment. As
a result of the closure and spin-off, amounts previously reported
in those segments are presented as discontinued operations for all
periods presented. See Note&amp;nbsp;2. These actions have completed
the transformation of Walter Industries,&amp;nbsp;Inc. from a
diversified corporation to a pure play natural resources and energy
company, now renamed Walter Energy,&amp;nbsp;Inc.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="FONT-FAMILY: times"&gt;
&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Prior
to the first quarter of 2009, the Company's underground and surface
coal mining operations were reported together as the Natural
Resources segment. Beginning with the first quarter of 2009, the
Company revised its reportable segments to separate the Natural
Resources segment into Underground Mining and Surface Mining.
Underground Mining includes the Company's underground hard coking
coal operations from the No.&amp;nbsp;4 and No.&amp;nbsp;7 mines and its
natural gas operations. Surface Mining includes the Company's
surface coal mining operations for Tuscaloosa Resources,&amp;nbsp;Inc.
("TRI") and Taft Coal Sales&amp;nbsp;&amp;amp; Associates,&amp;nbsp;Inc.
("Taft") as well as Walter Minerals,&amp;nbsp;Inc. (formerly known as
United Land Corporation) results. In addition, during the second
quarter of 2009 the Company changed the name of its metallurgical
coke manufacturer from Sloss Industries Corporation to Walter
Coke,&amp;nbsp;Inc. See Note&amp;nbsp;9 for segment information.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="FONT-FAMILY: times"&gt;
&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Historically,
the Company has prepared its balance sheet on an unclassified basis
because the operating cycle of Financing exceeded one year. As a
result of the spin-off of this business, the assets and liabilities
for continuing operations are now presented on a classified basis
for all periods presented to reflect the Company's current
operating cycle. The assets and liabilities of discontinued
operations attributable to Kodiak and Homebuilding have also been
restated to reflect their one-year operating cycle. The assets and
liabilities of discontinued operations attributable to Financing
continue to be presented on an unclassified basis.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="FONT-FAMILY: times"&gt;
&lt;font size="2"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;The
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States for interim
financial information and with the instructions to Form&amp;nbsp;10-Q
and Article&amp;nbsp;10 of Regulation&amp;nbsp;S-X. Accordingly, they do
not include all of the information and footnotes required by
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for
complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all
adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered
necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating
results for the three and nine months ended September&amp;nbsp;30, 2009
are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected
for the year ending December&amp;nbsp;31, 2009. In addition, in
accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 855,&lt;/font&gt;
&lt;font size="2"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Subsequent Events,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt; &lt;font size="2"&gt;the
accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the
Company reflect the evaluation of subsequent events through the
date of this filing.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</NonNumbericText>
          <NonNumericTextHeader>Note&amp;nbsp;1&amp;#151;Basis
of Presentation

&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;On
April&amp;nbsp;23, 2009, Walter Industries,&amp;nbsp;Inc. changed its</NonNumericTextHeader>
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition>
      <ElementReferences>No authoritative reference available.</ElementReferences>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
  </Rows>
  <Footnotes />
  <ComparabilityReport>false</ComparabilityReport>
  <NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols>
  <NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows>
  <HasScenarios>false</HasScenarios>
  <MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel>
  <SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel>
  <PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel>
  <HasPureData>false</HasPureData>
  <SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded>
</InstanceReport>
