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Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Available-for-sale Securities Including Securities Pledged [Line Items]

Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities were as follows as of December 31, 2018:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	651	$	87	$	—	$	—	$	738	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	—		—		—		—		—		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	754		18		8		—		764		—
U.S. corporate public securities	7,908		288		181		—		8,015		—
U.S. corporate private securities	3,686		73		106		—		3,653		—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,551		69		80		—		2,540		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,235		37		97		—		3,175		—

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,989		54		20		4		2,027		—
Non-Agency	977		39		12		5		1,009		3
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,966		93		32		9		3,036		3
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,917		16		28		—		1,905		—
Other asset-backed securities	1,230		6		28		—		1,208		2

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	24,898		687		560		9		25,034		5
Less: Securities pledged	867		45		30		—		882		—
Total fixed maturities	24,031		642		530		9		24,152		5

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽²⁾Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

⁽³⁾ Represents OTTI reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).

⁽⁴⁾ Amount excludes $137 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.

Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows as of December 31, 2017:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾⁽⁴⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	547	$	109	$	—	$	—	$	656	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	3		—		—		—		3		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	842		40		4		—		878		—
U.S. corporate public securities	8,476		786		26		—		9,236		—
U.S. corporate private securities	3,387		148		38		—		3,497		—
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2,594		192		9		—		2,777		—
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	3,105		155		45		—		3,215		7

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,878		65		17		6		1,932		—
Non-Agency	639		54		2		6		697		4
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,517		119		19		12		2,629		4
Commercial mortgage-backed securities	1,437		39		6		—		1,470		—
Other asset-backed securities	671		11		1		—		681		2

Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	23,579		1,599		148		12		25,042		13
Less: Securities pledged	864		104		8		—		960		—
Total fixed maturities	22,715		1,495		140		12		24,082		13
Equity securities	45		15		—		—		60		—
Total fixed maturities and equity securities investments	$	22,760	$	1,510	$	140	$	12	$	24,142	$	13

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽³⁾ Represents OTTI reported as a component of Other comprehensive income (loss).

⁽⁴⁾ Amount excludes $190 of net unrealized gains on impaired available-for-sale securities.

Investments Classifed by Contractual Maturity Date

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of December 31, 2018, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. MBS and Other ABS are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due to mature:
One year or less	$	548	$	552
After one year through five years	4,184		4,203
After five years through ten years	5,971		5,864
After ten years	8,082		8,266
Mortgage-backed securities	4,883		4,941
Other asset-backed securities	1,230		1,208
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	24,898	$	25,034

The investment portfolio is monitored to maintain a diversified portfolio on an ongoing basis. Credit risk is mitigated by monitoring concentrations by issuer, sector and geographic stratification and limiting exposure to any one issuer.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company's consolidated Shareholder's equity.

U.S. and Foreign Corporate Securities by Industry

The following tables present the composition of the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within the fixed maturity portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value
December 31, 2018
Communications	$	1,139	$	55	$	21	$	1,173
Financial	2,707		101		47		2,761
Industrial and other companies	7,604		152		214		7,542
Energy	1,884		55		81		1,858
Utilities	2,974		80		74		2,980
Transportation	729		14		17		726
Total	$	17,037	$	457	$	454	$	17,040

December 31, 2017
Communications	$	1,145	$	114	$	1	$	1,258
Financial	2,750		185		4		2,931
Industrial and other companies	7,953		532		65		8,420
Energy	1,970		159		33		2,096
Utilities	2,725		216		11		2,930
Transportation	697		52		2		747
Total	$	17,240	$	1,258	$	116	$	18,382

Schedule of Securities Borrowed Under Securities Lending Transactions

The following table presents borrowings under securities lending transactions by asset class pledged for the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018¹⁾⁽²⁾		December 31, 2017⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾
U.S. Treasuries	$	92	$	177
U.S. corporate public securities	523		460
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	170		168
Equity Securities	1		—
Payables under securities loan agreements	$	786	$	805

⁽¹⁾As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include cash collateral of $719 and $744, respectively.

⁽²⁾As of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, borrowings under securities lending transactions include non-cash collateral of $67 and $61, respectively.

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of December 31, 2018:



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	15	$	—	$	15	$	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	60		—		131		3		88		5		279		8
U.S. corporate public securities	1,285		37		1,775		94		535		50		3,595		181
U.S. corporate private securities	639		13		863		27		579		66		2,081		106
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	503		12		656		42		169		26		1,328		80
Foreign corporate private securities	604		10		900		67		221		20		1,725		97
Residential mortgage-backed	345		6		215		5		412		21		972		32
Commercial mortgage-backed	447		6		418		10		312		12		1,177		28
Other asset-backed	476		11		416		16		61		1		953		28
Total	$	4,359	$	95	$	5,374	$	264	$	2,392	$	201	$	12,125	$	560



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	18	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	30	$	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	34		—		1		—		91		4		126		4
U.S. corporate public securities	504		11		—		—		304		15		808		26
U.S. corporate private securities	226		2		46		2		499		34		771		38
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	148		1		5		—		99		8		252		9
Foreign corporate private securities	135		38		13		—		161		7		309		45
Residential mortgage-backed	263		5		26		1		438		13		727		19
Commercial mortgage-backed	436		5		19		—		50		1		505		6
Other asset-backed	95		1		9		—		38		—		142		1
Total	$	1,859	$	63	$	119	$	3	$	1,692	$	82	$	3,670	$	148

Schedule of Mortgage Loans Real Estate and Valuation Allowance

The following table summarizes the Company's investment in mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Impaired		Non Impaired			Total			Impaired		Non Impaired			Total
Commercial mortgage loans	$	4	$	4,915		$	4,919		$	4	$	4,907		$	4,911
Collective valuation allowance for losses	N/A		(1		)	(1		)	N/A		(1		)	(1		)
Total net commercial mortgage loans	$	4	$	4,914		$	4,918		$	4	$	4,906		$	4,910

N/A - Not Applicable

There were no impairments taken on the mortgage loan portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Collective valuation allowance for losses, balance at January 1	$	1	$	1
Addition to (reduction of) allowance for losses	—		—
Collective valuation allowance for losses, end of period	$	1	$	1

Impaired Financing Receivables

The carrying values and unpaid principal balances of impaired mortgage loans were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2017
Impaired loans without allowances for losses	$	4	$	4
Less: Allowances for losses on impaired loans	—		—
Impaired loans, net	$	4	$	4
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans	$	5	$	6

As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any impaired loans with allowances for losses.

The following table presents information on the average investment during the period in impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired and troubled debt restructured loans for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost)⁽¹⁾	$	4	$	4	$	8
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis⁽¹⁾	—		—		—
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis⁽¹⁾	—		—		—
Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis	—		—		—

⁽¹⁾ Includes amounts for Troubled debt restructured loans.

Loans Receivable, Grouped by Loan to Value and Debt Service Coverage Ratio



	Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Coverage Ratios
	> 1.5x		>1.25x - 1.5x		>1.0x - 1.25x		< 1.0x		Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans		Total		% of Total
December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾
Loan-to-Value Ratios:
0% - 50%	$	284	$	24	$	23	$	—	$	—	$	331	6.7	%
>50% - 60%	1,133		40		11		—		—		1,184		24.1	%
>60% - 70%	2,070		328		503		34		26		2,961		60.2	%
>70% - 80%	213		87		66		19		4		389		7.9	%
>80% and above	18		5		10		—		21		54		1.1	%
Total	$	3,718	$	484	$	613	$	53	$	51	$	4,919	100.0	%
⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.
	Recorded Investment
	Debt Service Coverage Ratios
	> 1.5x		>1.25x - 1.5x		>1.0x - 1.25x		< 1.0x		Commercial mortgage loans secured by land or construction loans		Total		% of Total
December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
Loan-to-Value Ratios:
0% - 50%	$	297	$	30	$	—	$	14	$	—	$	341	6.9	%
>50% - 60%	1,205		25		21		—		5		1,256		25.7	%
>60% - 70%	2,241		228		534		39		—		3,042		61.9	%
>70% - 80%	154		57		45		—		6		262		5.3	%
>80% and above	5		—		—		1		4		10		0.2	%
Total	$	3,902	$	340	$	600	$	54	$	15	$	4,911	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Mortgage Loans by Geographic Location of Collateral

Properties collateralizing mortgage loans are geographically dispersed throughout the United States, as well as diversified by property type, as reflected in the following tables as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾				December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
	Gross Carrying Value		% of Total		Gross Carrying Value		% of Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by U.S. Region:
Pacific	$	994	20.2	%	$	985	20.1	%
South Atlantic	1,011		20.5	%	982		20.0	%
Middle Atlantic	1,039		21.2	%	1,097		22.4	%
West South Central	566		11.5	%	552		11.2	%
Mountain	458		9.3	%	457		9.3	%
East North Central	465		9.5	%	468		9.5	%
New England	75		1.5	%	77		1.6	%
West North Central	258		5.2	%	243		4.9	%
East South Central	53		1.1	%	50		1.0	%
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	4,919	100.0	%	$	4,911	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.



	December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾				December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
	Gross Carrying Value		% of Total		Gross Carrying Value		% of Total
Commercial Mortgage Loans by Property Type:
Retail	$	1,335	27.2	%	$	1,383	28.1	%
Industrial	1,323		26.9	%	1,326		27.0	%
Apartments	1,104		22.4	%	948		19.3	%
Office	791		16.1	%	829		16.9	%
Hotel/Motel	111		2.3	%	177		3.6	%
Mixed Use	46		0.9	%	52		1.1	%
Other	209		4.2	%	196		4.0	%
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	4,919	100.0	%	$	4,911	100.0	%

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Mortgage Loans by Year of Origination

The following table presents mortgages by year of origination as of the dates indicated:



	December 31, 2018 ⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2017 ⁽¹⁾
Year of Origination:
2018	$	375	$	—
2017	1,108		1,086
2016	906		867
2015	589		703
2014	490		538
2013	585		644
2012 and prior	866		1,073
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	4,919	$	4,911

⁽¹⁾ Balances do not include collective valuation allowance for losses.

Other than Temporary Impairment, Credit Losses Recognized in Earnings

The following table presents the amount of credit impairments on fixed maturities for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) and the corresponding changes in such amounts for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Balance at January 1	$	16	$	9	$	19
Additional credit impairments:
On securities not previously impaired	—		9		—
On securities previously impaired	1		—		1
Reductions:
Securities intent impaired	12		—		—
Increase in cash flows	—		—		2
Securities sold, matured, prepaid or paid down	—		2		9
Balance at December 31	$	5	$	16	$	9

The following table summarizes these intent impairments, which are also recognized in earnings, by type for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
	Impairment			No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities	Impairment		No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	5		2	$	—	*	3	$	4	1
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	—			—	—			—	12		2
Residential mortgage-backed	1			22	—		*	6	2		4
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		*	1	—		*	1	—		—
Total	$	6	*	25	$	—	*	10	$	18	7
⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

The following table identifies the Company's credit-related and intent-related impairments included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding impairments included in Other comprehensive income (loss) by type for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018				2017				2016
	Impairment			No. of Securities	Impairment			No. of Securities	Impairment		No. of Securities
U.S. corporate public securities	$	6		2	$	—	*	3	$	3	2
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments⁽¹⁾	2			3	2			3	12		3
Foreign corporate private securities⁽¹⁾	9			1	9			2	1		2
Residential mortgage-backed	3			58	1			17	3		25
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		*	1	—		*	1	—		—
Other asset-backed	—		*	1	—			—	—		—
Total	$	20		66	$	12		26	$	19	32
⁽¹⁾Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

Net Investment Income

The following table summarizes Net investment income for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Fixed maturities	$	1,363	$	1,302	$	1,325
Equity securities	5		4		4
Mortgage loans on real estate	220		211		191
Policy loans	9		10		12
Short-term investments and cash equivalents	3		1		1
Other	95		60		30
Gross investment income	1,695		1,588		1,563
Less: investment expenses	72		68		62
Net investment income	$	1,623	$	1,520	$	1,501

Realized Gain (Loss) on Investments

Net realized capital gains (losses) were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale, including securities pledged	$	(69	)	$	(29	)	$	(70	)
Fixed maturities, at fair value option	(227		)	(226		)	(201		)
Equity securities	(4		)	—			—
Derivatives	(36		)	9			51
Embedded derivatives - fixed maturities	(4		)	(5		)	(6		)
Guaranteed benefit derivatives	94			55			13
Other investments	4			(4		)	—
Net realized capital gains (losses)	$	(242	)	$	(200	)	$	(213	)

For the year ended December 31, 2018, the change in fair value of equity securities still held as of December 31, 2018 was $(4).

Gain (Loss) on Investments

Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities and equity securities, available-for-sale and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax were as follows for the periods indicated:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Proceeds on sales	$	2,498	$	2,916	$	1,825
Gross gains	14		30		20
Gross losses	50		39		85

Duration

Available-for-sale Securities Including Securities Pledged [Line Items]

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% for consecutive months as indicated in the tables below, were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses				Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%		> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
December 31, 2018
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	4,531	$	88	$	106	$	21	826	25
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	5,535		73		235		27		1,063	6
More than twelve months below amortized cost	2,378		80		144		27		519	5
Total	$	12,444	$	241	$	485	$	75	2,408	36

December 31, 2017
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	1,883	$	67	$	30	$	38	433	7
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	128		7		4		2		37	1
More than twelve months below amortized cost	1,661		72		53		21		335	7
Total	$	3,672	$	146	$	87	$	61	805	15

Market Sector (Type of Security)

Available-for-sale Securities Including Securities Pledged [Line Items]

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses				Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%		> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
December 31, 2018
U.S. Treasuries	$	15	$	—	$	—	$	—	5	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	287		—		8		—		132	—
U.S. corporate public securities	3,721		55		164		17		796	8
U.S. corporate private securities	2,120		67		84		22		245	2
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	1,348		60		65		15		307	9
Foreign corporate private securities	1,765		57		76		21		157	6
Residential mortgage-backed	1,004		—		32		—		301	8
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,205		—		28		—		228	—
Other asset-backed	979		2		28		—		237	3
Total	$	12,444	$	241	$	485	$	75	2,408	36

December 31, 2017
U.S. Treasuries	$	30	$	—	$	—	$	—	6	—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	130		—		4		—		96	—
U.S. corporate public securities	828		6		24		2		167	2
U.S. corporate private securities	743		66		18		20		71	2
Foreign corporate public securities and foreign governments	254		7		7		2		61	1
Foreign corporate private securities	288		66		8		37		35	6
Residential mortgage-backed	746		—		19		—		194	3
Commercial mortgage-backed	511		—		6		—		131	—
Other asset-backed	142		1		1		—		44	1
Total	$	3,672	$	146	$	87	$	61	805	15