Investments

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities

Available-for-sale and fair value option ("FVO") fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows as of September 30, 2013:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	745.0	$	58.1	$	2.4	$	—	$	800.7	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	242.9		7.4		—		—		250.3		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	77.2		6.8		0.1		—		83.9		—
U.S. corporate securities	10,210.0		584.6		225.8		—		10,568.8		1.9

Foreign securities:⁽¹⁾
Government	426.8		27.0		16.2		—		437.6		—
Other	5,077.2		286.4		90.9		—		5,272.7		—
Total foreign securities	5,504.0		313.4		107.1		—		5,710.3		—

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,628.1		128.6		12.7		19.3		1,763.3		0.5
Non-Agency	302.9		55.8		8.6		13.6		363.7		14.1
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	1,931.0		184.4		21.3		32.9		2,127.0		14.6

Commercial mortgage-backed securities	607.8		71.4		—		—		679.2		4.4
Other asset-backed securities	482.9		19.7		3.7		—		498.9		3.2
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	19,800.8		1,245.8		360.4		32.9		20,719.1		24.1
Less: Securities pledged	178.0		9.4		7.0		—		180.4		—
Total fixed maturities	19,622.8		1,236.4		353.4		32.9		20,538.7		24.1
Equity securities	111.2		16.1		—		—		127.3		—
Total fixed maturities and equity securities investments	$	19,734.0	$	1,252.5	$	353.4	$	32.9	$	20,666.0	$	24.1

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽²⁾Embedded derivatives within fixed maturity securities are reported with the host investment. The changes in fair value of embedded derivatives are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

⁽³⁾ Represents Other-than Temporary-Impairments ("OTTI") reported as a component of Other comprehensive income.

Available-for-sale and FVO fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows as of December 31, 2012:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Embedded Derivatives⁽²⁾		Fair Value		OTTI⁽³⁾
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasuries	$	1,011.5	$	135.6	$	0.5	$	—	$	1,146.6	$	—
U.S. Government agencies and authorities	379.4		17.6		—		—		397.0		—
State, municipalities and political subdivisions	77.2		15.9		—		—		93.1		—
U.S. corporate securities	9,438.0		1,147.4		11.1		—		10,574.3		2.0

Foreign securities⁽¹⁾:
Government	439.7		57.4		1.1		—		496.0		—
Other	4,570.0		501.3		15.3		—		5,056.0		—
Total foreign securities	5,009.7		558.7		16.4		—		5,552.0		—

Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Agency	1,679.5		181.5		3.4		33.7		1,891.3		0.6
Non-Agency	390.9		70.0		14.7		20.0		466.2		17.4
Total Residential mortgage-backed securities	2,070.4		251.5		18.1		53.7		2,357.5		18.0

Commercial mortgage-backed securities	748.7		90.6		0.2		—		839.1		4.4
Other asset-backed securities	475.7		26.6		6.7		—		495.6		3.1
Total fixed maturities, including securities pledged	19,210.6		2,243.9		53.0		53.7		21,455.2		27.5
Less: Securities pledged	207.2		13.0		0.5		—		219.7		—
Total fixed maturities	19,003.4		2,230.9		52.5		53.7		21,235.5		27.5
Equity securities	129.3		13.6		0.1		—		142.8		—
Total fixed maturities and equity securities investments	$	19,132.7	$	2,244.5	$	52.6	$	53.7	$	21,378.3	$	27.5

⁽¹⁾ Primarily U.S. dollar denominated.

⁽³⁾ Represents OTTI reported as a component of Other comprehensive income.

The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of September 30, 2013, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and Other asset-backed securities ("ABS") are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due to mature:
One year or less	$	570.1	$	591.4
After one year through five years	4,171.7		4,437.9
After five years through ten years	6,281.1		6,462.9
After ten years	5,756.2		5,921.8
Mortgage-backed securities	2,538.8		2,806.2
Other asset-backed securities	482.9		498.9
Fixed maturities, including securities pledged	$	19,800.8	$	20,719.1

The investment portfolio is monitored to maintain a diversified portfolio on an ongoing basis. Credit risk is mitigated by monitoring concentrations by issuer, sector and geographic stratification and limiting exposure to any one issuer.

As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company’s consolidated Shareholder’s equity.

The following tables set forth the composition of the U.S. and foreign corporate securities within the fixed maturity portfolio by industry category as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Capital Gains		Gross Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2013
Communications	$	1,327.7	$	78.9	$	40.9	$	1,365.7
Financial	1,999.8		161.0		22.0		2,138.8
Industrial and other companies	8,896.5		440.0		206.6		9,129.9
Utilities	2,628.0		167.1		37.8		2,757.3
Transportation	435.2		24.0		9.4		449.8
Total	$	15,287.2	$	871.0	$	316.7	$	15,841.5

December 31, 2012
Communications	$	1,154.1	$	161.4	$	0.9	$	1,314.6
Financial	1,859.3		240.1		10.9		2,088.5
Industrial and other companies	7,883.1		850.9		6.9		8,727.1
Utilities	2,715.4		349.8		7.3		3,057.9
Transportation	396.1		46.5		0.4		442.2
Total	$	14,008.0	$	1,648.7	$	26.4	$	15,630.3

Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities:

The Company's fixed maturities and equity securities are currently designated as available-for-sale, except those accounted for using the fair value option ("FVO"). Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI"), and presented net of related changes in DAC, VOBA, and deferred income taxes. In addition, certain fixed maturities have embedded derivatives, which are reported with the host contract on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its fixed maturities to better match the measurement of assets and liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), primarily interest-only and principal-only strips, are accounted for as hybrid instruments and valued at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company invests in various categories of Collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), including CMOs that are not agency-backed, that are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to significant decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the prepayment of principal from the underlying mortgages, either earlier or later than originally anticipated. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, approximately 46.2% and 41.8%, respectively, of the Company’s CMO holdings, such as interest-only or principal-only strips, were invested in those types of CMOs that are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs.

Repurchase Agreements

The Company engages in dollar repurchase agreements with mortgage-backed securities ("dollar rolls") and repurchase agreements with other collateral types to increase its return on investments and improve liquidity. Such arrangements meet the requirements to be accounted for as financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls and repurchase agreement transactions. The Company also enters into reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions involve a purchase of securities and an agreement to sell substantially the same securities as those purchased. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any securities pledged under reverse repurchase agreements.

Securities Lending

The Company engages in securities lending whereby certain domestic securities from its portfolio are loaned to other institutions for short periods of time. Initial collateral, primarily cash, is required at a rate of 102% of the market value of the loaned securities. For portions of the program, the lending agent retains the cash collateral. For other portions of the program, a lending agent, if used, may retain up to 5% of the collateral deposited by the borrower and the remaining cash collateral is received by the Company. Collateral retained by the agent is invested in liquid assets on behalf of the Company. The market value of the loaned securities is monitored on a daily basis with additional collateral obtained or refunded as the market value of the loaned securities fluctuates. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the fair value of loaned securities was $159.9 and $180.2, respectively and is included in Securities pledged on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, collateral retained by the lending agent and invested in liquid assets on the Company's behalf was $167.1 and $186.1, respectively, and recorded in Short-term investments under securities loan agreement, including collateral delivered on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, liabilities to return collateral of $167.1 and $186.1, respectively, were included in Payables under securities loan agreement, including collateral held on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Variable Interest Entities ("VIEs")

The Company holds certain VIEs for investment purposes. VIEs may be in the form of private placement securities, structured securities, securitization transactions, or limited partnerships. The Company has reviewed each of its holdings and determined that consolidation of these investments in the Company’s financial statements is not required, as the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation or right to potentially significant losses or benefits, for any of its investments in VIEs. The Company provided no non-contractual financial support and its carrying value represents the Company’s exposure to loss. The carrying value of the equity tranches of the Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") of $1.1 as of September 30, 2013 and $1.3 as of December 31, 2012, respectively, is included in Limited partnerships/corporations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income and losses recognized on these investments are reported in Net investment income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Securitizations

The Company invests in various tranches of securitization entities, including Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS"), Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS") and ABS. Through its investments, the Company is not obligated to provide any financial or other support to these entities. Each of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities are thinly capitalized by design and considered VIEs. The Company's involvement with these entities is limited to that of a passive investor. The Company has no unilateral right to appoint or remove the servicer, special servicer, or investment manager, which are generally viewed to have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the securitization entities' economic performance, in any of these entities, nor does the Company function in any of these roles. The Company, through its investments or other arrangements, does not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. Therefore, the Company is not the primary beneficiary and will not consolidate any of the RMBS, CMBS and ABS entities in which it holds investments. These investments are accounted for as investments available-for-sale as described in the Fair Value Measurements note to these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and unrealized capital gains (losses) on these securities are recorded directly in AOCI, except for certain RMBS which are accounted for under the FVO whose change in fair value are reflected in Other net realized gains (losses) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss on these structured investments is limited to the amount of its investment.

Unrealized Capital Losses

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of September 30, 2013:



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	144.5	$	2.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	144.5	$	2.4
U.S. corporate, state and municipalities	3,116.0		183.4		294.7		35.6		40.9		6.9		3,451.6		225.9
Foreign	1,280.2		82.3		158.5		19.4		39.6		5.4		1,478.3		107.1
Residential mortgage-backed	299.3		8.8		19.7		1.0		108.1		11.5		427.1		21.3
Commercial mortgage-backed	3.8		—		0.1		—		—		—		3.9		—
Other asset-backed	56.2		0.2		6.1		—		26.5		3.5		88.8		3.7
Total	$	4,900.0	$	277.1	$	479.1	$	56.0	$	215.1	$	27.3	$	5,594.2	$	360.4



	Six Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Six Months and Twelve Months or Less Below Amortized Cost				More Than Twelve Months Below Amortized Cost				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Capital Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	300.0	$	0.5	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	300.0	$	0.5
U.S. corporate, state and municipalities	479.8		6.8		22.5		0.9		49.4		3.4		551.7		11.1
Foreign	166.8		4.7		7.8		0.5		87.7		11.2		262.3		16.4
Residential mortgage-backed	68.7		1.6		7.2		0.3		132.4		16.2		208.3		18.1
Commercial mortgage-backed	7.5		0.1		1.6		—		2.5		0.1		11.6		0.2
Other asset-backed	15.6		—		—		—		34.2		6.7		49.8		6.7
Total	$	1,038.4	$	13.7	$	39.1	$	1.7	$	306.2	$	37.6	$	1,383.7	$	53.0

Of the unrealized capital losses aged more than twelve months, the average market value of the related fixed maturities was 88.7% and 89.1% of the average book value as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% for consecutive months as indicated in the tables below, were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses				Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%		> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
September 30, 2013
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	5,193.1	$	66.7	$	279.3	$	15.5	702	14
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	503.6		1.1		46.5		0.4		84	2
More than twelve months below amortized cost	166.7		23.4		12.8		5.9		102	9
Total	$	5,863.4	$	91.2	$	338.6	$	21.8	888	25

December 31, 2012
Six months or less below amortized cost	$	1,110.8	$	15.2	$	19.3	$	3.9	141	10
More than six months and twelve months or less below amortized cost	49.5		1.5		2.6		0.4		31	2
More than twelve months below amortized cost	198.1		61.6		6.2		20.6		99	28
Total	$	1,358.4	$	78.3	$	28.1	$	24.9	271	40

Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments) in fixed maturities, including securities pledged, by market sector for instances in which fair value declined below amortized cost by greater than or less than 20% were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	Amortized Cost				Unrealized Capital Losses				Number of Securities
	< 20%		> 20%		< 20%		> 20%		< 20%	> 20%
September 30, 2013
U.S. Treasuries	$	146.9	$	—	$	2.4	$	—	3	—
U.S. corporate, state and municipalities	3,641.8		35.7		217.1		8.8		478	5
Foreign	1,546.0		39.4		98.5		8.6		220	6
Residential mortgage-backed	436.8		11.6		18.2		3.1		157	10
Commercial mortgage-backed	3.9		—		—		—		3	—
Other asset-backed	88.0		4.5		2.4		1.3		27	4
Total	$	5,863.4	$	91.2	$	338.6	$	21.8	888	25

December 31, 2012
U.S. Treasuries	$	300.5	$	—	$	0.5	$	—	2	—
U.S. corporate, state and municipalities	558.1		4.7		9.1		2.0		82	2
Foreign	242.7		36.0		5.7		10.7		38	8
Residential mortgage-backed	201.2		25.2		10.2		7.9		124	24
Commercial mortgage-backed	11.8		—		0.2		—		8	—
Other asset-backed	44.1		12.4		2.4		4.3		17	6
Total	$	1,358.4	$	78.3	$	28.1	$	24.9	271	40

All investments with fair values less than amortized cost are included in the Company's other-than-temporary impairments analysis, and impairments were recognized as disclosed in the "Evaluating Securities for Other-Than-Temporary Impairments" section below. The Company evaluates non-agency RMBS and ABS for "other-than-temporary impairments" each quarter based on actual and projected cash flows after considering the quality and updated loan-to-value ratios reflecting current home prices of underlying collateral, forecasted loss severity, the payment priority within the tranche structure of the security and amount of any credit enhancements. The Company's assessment of current levels of cash flows compared to estimated cash flows at the time the securities were acquired indicates the amount and the pace of projected cash flows from the underlying collateral has generally been lower and slower, respectively. However, since cash flows are typically projected at a trust level, the impairment review incorporates the security's position within the trust structure as well as credit enhancement remaining in the trust to determine whether an impairment is warranted. Therefore, while lower and slower cash flows will impact the trust, the effect on a particular security within the trust will be dependent upon the trust structure. Where the assessment continues to project full recovery of principal and interest on schedule, the Company has not recorded an impairment. Unrealized losses on below investment grade securities are principally related to RMBS (primarily Alt-A RMBS), and ABS (primarily subprime RMBS) largely due to economic and market uncertainties including concerns over unemployment levels, lower interest rate environment on floating rate securities requiring higher risk premiums since purchase and valuations on residential real estate supporting non-agency RMBS. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that the remaining investments in an unrealized loss position were not other-than-temporarily impaired and therefore no further other-than-temporary impairment was necessary.

Fixed Maturity Securities Credit Quality - Ratings

Information about certain of the Company's fixed maturity securities holdings, by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC") designations is set forth in the following tables. Corresponding rating agency designation does not directly translate into NAIC designation, but represents the Company's best estimate of comparable ratings from rating agencies, including Fitch Ratings, Inc. ("Fitch"), Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's") and Standard & Poor's Ratings Services ("S&P"). If no rating is available from a rating agency, then an internally developed rating is used.

The fixed maturities in the Company's portfolio are generally rated by external rating agencies and, if not externally rated, are rated by the Company on a basis similar to that used by the rating agencies. Ratings are derived from three ARO ratings and are applied as follows based on the number of agency ratings received:

• when three ratings are received, the middle rating is applied;

• when two ratings are received, the lower rating is applied;

• when a single rating is received, the ARO rating is applied; and

• when ratings are unavailable, an internal rating is applied.

Subprime and Alt-A Mortgage Exposure

The Company does not originate or purchase subprime or Alt-A whole-loan mortgages. Subprime lending is the origination of loans to customers with weaker credit profiles. The Company defines Alt-A mortgages to include the following: residential mortgage loans to customers who have strong credit profiles but lack some element(s), such as documentation to substantiate income; residential mortgage loans to borrowers that would otherwise be classified as prime but whose loan structure provides repayment options to the borrower that increase the risk of default; and any securities backed by residential mortgage collateral not clearly identifiable as prime or subprime.

The Company's exposure to subprime mortgage backed securities is primarily in the form of ABS structures collateralized by subprime residential mortgages and the majority of these holdings are included in Other ABS in the "Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities" section above. As of September 30, 2013, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to the Company's exposure to subprime mortgage backed securities were $59.1, $58.2 and $2.9, respectively, representing 0.3% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to the Company's exposure to subprime mortgage backed securities were $61.2, $65.4 and $6.2, respectively, representing 0.3% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value.

The following tables summarize the Company's exposure to subprime mortgage-backed securities by credit quality using NAIC designations, ARO ratings and vintage year as of the dates indicated:



	% of Total Subprime Mortgage-backed Securities
	NAIC Designation			ARO Ratings			Vintage
September 30, 2013
	1	68.3	%	AAA	0.1	%	2007	7.0	%
	2	2.7	%	AA	2.6	%	2006	7.0	%
	3	19.1	%	A	13.0	%	2005 and prior	86.0	%
	4	9.6	%	BBB	20.8	%		100.0	%
	5	—	%	BB and below	63.5	%
	6	0.3	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%
December 31, 2012
	1	67.8	%	AAA	3.2	%	2007	8.0	%
	2	3.2	%	AA	—	%	2006	6.0	%
	3	19.6	%	A	16.2	%	2005 and prior	86.0	%
	4	8.7	%	BBB	21.5	%		100.0	%
	5	0.5	%	BB and below	59.1	%
	6	0.2	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%

The Company's exposure to Alt-A mortgages is included in Residential mortgage-backed securities in the "Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities" section above. As of September 30, 2013, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to the Company's exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $89.5, $73.9 and $4.2, respectively, representing 0.4% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses related to the Company's exposure to Alt-A RMBS totaled $106.0, $89.5 and $9.5, respectively, representing 0.5% of total fixed maturities, including securities pledged, based on fair value.

The following tables summarize the Company's exposure to Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities by credit quality using NAIC designations, ARO ratings and vintage year as of the dates indicated:



	% of Total Alt-A Mortgage-backed Securities
	NAIC Designation			ARO Ratings			Vintage
September 30, 2013
	1	43.2	%	AAA	0.1	%	2007	14.3	%
	2	12.8	%	AA	—	%	2006	29.8	%
	3	30.6	%	A	2.9	%	2005 and prior	55.9	%
	4	11.4	%	BBB	3.5	%		100.0	%
	5	2.0	%	BB and below	93.5	%
	6	—	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%
December 31, 2012
	1	33.4	%	AAA	0.2	%	2007	13.8	%
	2	12.4	%	AA	1.4	%	2006	29.3	%
	3	21.0	%	A	3.4	%	2005 and prior	56.9	%
	4	30.3	%	BBB	5.6	%		100.0	%
	5	2.3	%	BB and below	89.4	%
	6	0.6	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%

Commercial Mortgage-backed and Other Asset-backed Securities

The following tables summarize the Company's exposure to CMBS holdings by credit quality using NAIC designations, ARO ratings and vintage year as of the dates indicated:



	% of Total CMBS
	NAIC Designation			ARO Ratings			Vintage
September 30, 2013
	1	99.4	%	AAA	48.6	%	2007	30.5	%
	2	—	%	AA	14.6	%	2006	24.4	%
	3	0.6	%	A	8.0	%	2005 and prior	45.1	%
	4	—	%	BBB	7.1	%		100.0	%
	5	—	%	BB and below	21.7	%
	6	—	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%
December 31, 2012
	1	99.9	%	AAA	54.1	%	2007	28.7	%
	2	—	%	AA	17.1	%	2006	20.4	%
	3	0.1	%	A	8.4	%	2005 and prior	50.9	%
	4	—	%	BBB	5.3	%		100.0	%
	5	—	%	BB and below	15.1	%
	6	—	%		100.0	%
		100.0	%

As of September 30, 2013, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses of the Company's Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $441.0, $425.9 and $0.8, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value, amortized cost and gross unrealized losses of the Company's Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure, totaled $435.6, $411.7 and $0.6, respectively.

As of September 30, 2013, Other ABS was also broadly diversified both by type and issuer with credit card receivables, nonconsolidated collateralized loan obligations and automobile receivables, comprising 44.8%, 3.8% and 34.7%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure. As of December 31, 2012, Other ABS was also broadly diversified both by type and issuer with credit card receivables, nonconsolidated collateralized loan obligations and automobile receivables, comprising 47.0%, 5.6% and 26.9%, respectively, of total Other ABS, excluding subprime exposure.

The following tables summarize the Company's exposure to Other ABS holdings, excluding subprime exposure, by credit quality using NAIC designations, ARO ratings and vintage year as of the dates indicated:



	% of Total Other ABS
	NAIC Designation			ARO Ratings			Vintage
September 30, 2013
	1	99.4	%	AAA	90.5	%	2013	9.0	%
	2	0.5	%	AA	2.7	%	2012	21.0	%
	3	0.1	%	A	6.2	%	2011	11.7	%
	4	—	%	BBB	0.5	%	2010	5.0	%
	5	—	%	BB and below	0.1	%	2009	0.3	%
	6	—	%		100.0	%	2008	8.1	%
		100.0	%				2007 and prior	44.9	%
								100.0	%
December 31, 2012
	1	98.3	%	AAA	88.4	%	2012	21.4	%
	2	1.6	%	AA	1.9	%	2011	12.2	%
	3	0.1	%	A	8.0	%	2010	5.7	%
	4	—	%	BBB	1.6	%	2009	0.3	%
	5	—	%	BB and below	0.1	%	2008	9.5	%
	6	—	%		100.0	%	2007	22.9	%
		100.0	%				2006 and prior	28.0	%
								100.0	%

Troubled Debt Restructuring

The Company invests in high quality, well performing portfolios of commercial mortgage loans and private placements. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a troubled debt restructuring has occurred. A modification is a troubled debt restructuring when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. A valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (net of the specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. As of September 30, 2013, the Company did not have any new private placement troubled debt restructurings and had 20 new commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings with pre-modification and post-modification carrying value of $39.4. The 20 commercial mortgage loans comprise a portfolio of cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized individual loans, which are owned by the same sponsor. Between the date of the troubled debt restructurings and September 30, 2013, these loans have repaid $1.9 in principal. As of December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any new private placement or commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loans or private placements modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default.

Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

The Company's mortgage loans on real estate are all commercial mortgage loans held for investment, which are reported at amortized cost, less impairment write-downs and allowance for losses. The Company diversifies its commercial mortgage loan portfolio by geographic region and property type to reduce concentration risk. The Company manages risk when originating commercial mortgage loans by generally lending only up to 75% of the estimated fair value of the underlying real estate. Subsequently, the Company continuously evaluates all mortgage loans based on relevant current information including a review of loan-specific credit quality, property characteristics and market trends. Loan performance is monitored on a loan-specific basis through the review of submitted appraisals, operating statements, rent revenues and annual inspection reports, among other items. This review ensures properties are performing at a consistent and acceptable level to secure the debt. The Company defines delinquent mortgage loans consistent with industry practice as 60 days past due. The Company's policy is to recognize interest income until a loan becomes 90 days delinquent or foreclosure proceedings are commenced, at which point interest accrual is discontinued. Interest accrual is not resumed until the loan is brought current.

The following table summarizes the Company's investment in mortgage loans as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2013			December 31, 2012
Commercial mortgage loans	$	3,284.2		$	2,874.0
Collective valuation allowance	(1.4		)	(1.3		)
Total net commercial mortgage loans	$	3,282.8		$	2,872.7

There were no impairment charges taken on the mortgage loan portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for losses for all commercial mortgage loans for the periods indicated:



	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
Collective valuation allowance for losses, balance at January 1	$	1.3	$	1.3
Addition to (reduction of) allowance for losses	0.1		—
Collective valuation allowance for losses, end of period	$	1.4	$	1.3

The carrying values and unpaid principal balances of impaired mortgage loans were as follows as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
Impaired loans with allowances for losses	$	—	$	—
Impaired loans without allowances for losses	42.9		5.6
Subtotal	42.9		5.6
Less: Allowances for losses on impaired loans	—		—
Impaired loans, net	$	42.9	$	5.6
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans	$	44.4	$	7.1

The following table presents information on restructured loans as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
Troubled debt restructured loans	$	37.5	$	—

There were no mortgage loans in the Company's portfolio in process of foreclosure as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. There were no other loans in arrears with respect to principal and interest as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

The following table presents information on the average investment during the period in impaired loans and interest income recognized on impaired and troubled debt restructured loans for the periods indicated:



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost)	$	24.2	$	5.7
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis	0.5		0.1
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis	0.5		0.1
Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis	0.4		—


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2013		2012
Impaired loans, average investment during the period (amortized cost)	$	24.3	$	5.8
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on an accrual basis	0.7		0.3
Interest income recognized on impaired loans, on a cash basis	0.7		0.3
Interest income recognized on troubled debt restructured loans, on an accrual basis	0.4		—

Loan-to-value ("LTV") and debt service coverage ("DSC") ratios are measures commonly used to assess the risk and quality of mortgage loans. The LTV ratio, calculated at time of origination, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of the loan relative to the value of the underlying property. A LTV ratio in excess of 100% indicates the unpaid loan amount exceeds the underlying collateral. The DSC ratio, based upon the most recently received financial statements, is expressed as a percentage of the amount of a property’s net income to its debt service payments. A DSC ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that a property’s operations do not generate sufficient income to cover debt payments. These ratios are utilized as part of the review process described above.

The following table presents the LTV ratios as of the dates indicated:



	September 30, 2013⁽¹⁾		December 31, 2012⁽¹⁾
Loan-to-Value Ratio:
0% - 50%	$	499.4	$	501.3
50% - 60%	859.2		768.9
60% - 70%	1,797.2		1,491.6
70% - 80%	115.4		96.4
80% and above	13.0		15.8
Total Commercial mortgage loans	$	3,284.2	$	2,874.0