10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

[For the transition period from _____________________ to ___________________________]

Commission File No. 000-31157

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

PENNSYLVANIA	23-2507402
(State or Other Jurisdiction	(I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)	Identification No.)

720 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, Pennsylvania	19341
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(610) 646-9800

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	ISSC	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

¨ Large accelerated filer	¨ Accelerated filer
¨ Non-accelerated filer	x Smaller reporting company
¨ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of July 31, 2020, there were 16,984,426 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock, with par value of $.001 per share, outstanding.

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

FORM 10-Q June 30, 2020

INDEX

		Page No.
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – June 30, 2020 (unaudited) and September 30, 2019	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	3 - 4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6 – 19
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20 – 28
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	30
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	30
Item 5.	Other Information	30
Item 6.	Exhibit	30
SIGNATURES		31

PART I–FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1- Financial Statements

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	June 30,			September 30,
	2020			2019
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	22,984,249		$	22,416,830
Accounts receivable		3,864,656			2,348,537
Contract asset		-			80,182
Inventories		4,709,342			4,470,694
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,107,723			642,049
Total current assets		32,665,970			29,958,292
Property and equipment, net		8,225,732			8,444,692
Other assets		205,276			154,041
Total assets	$	41,096,978		$	38,557,025
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	949,080		$	1,079,073
Accrued expenses		1,506,790			1,110,918
Contract liability		106,341			29,231
Total current liabilities		2,562,211			2,219,222
Deferred income taxes		129,689			129,651
Other liabilities		2,241			-
Total liabilities		2,694,141			2,348,873
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 6)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, $.001 par value, of which 200,000 shares are authorized as Class A Convertible stock.  No shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	$	-		$	-
Common stock, $.001 par value:  75,000,000 shares authorized, 19,080,877 and 19,005,487 issued at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019		19,081			19,006
Additional paid-in capital		52,155,835			51,987,096
Retained earnings		7,596,458			5,570,587
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,096,451 shares at June 30, 2020 and
September 30, 2019		(21,368,537	)		(21,368,537	)
Total shareholders' equity		38,402,837			36,208,152
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	41,096,978		$	38,557,025

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

1

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020			2019
Net Sales:
Product	$	5,445,748	$	4,458,446	$	14,550,124		$	11,940,865
Engineering development contracts		507,941		131,378		750,058			829,736
Total net sales		5,953,689		4,589,824		15,300,182			12,770,601
Cost of sales:
Product		2,486,353		2,009,799		6,795,530			5,300,941
Engineering development contracts		72,663		54,818		213,161			432,444
Total cost of sales		2,559,016		2,064,617		7,008,691			5,733,385
Gross profit		3,394,673		2,525,207		8,291,491			7,037,216
Operating expenses:
Research and development		870,805		722,525		2,249,439			1,967,379
Selling, general and administrative		1,279,422		1,416,053		4,514,085			4,414,126
Total operating expenses		2,150,227		2,138,578		6,763,524			6,381,505
Operating income		1,244,446		386,629		1,527,967			655,711
Interest income		7,767		99,916		152,358			147,948
Other income		16,261		24,714		44,760			57,314
Income before income taxes		1,268,474		511,259		1,725,085			860,973
Income tax expense (benefit)		8,616		-		(300,786	)		7,794
Net income	$	1,259,858	$	511,259	$	2,025,871		$	853,179
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12		$	0.05
Diluted	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12		$	0.05
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		16,952,973		16,880,341		16,931,049			16,860,503
Diluted		17,087,275		16,978,643		17,097,414			16,898,321

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

2

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020
			Additional
	Common		Paid-In		Retained		Treasury
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Stock			Total
Balance, September 30, 2019	$	19,006	$	51,987,096	$	5,570,587	$	(21,368,537	)	$	36,208,152
Net income		-		-		327,908		-			327,908
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	19,006	$	51,987,096	$	5,898,495	$	(21,368,537	)	$	36,536,060
Issuance of stock to directors		73		159,919		-		-			159,992
Exercise of stock options		2		8,820		-		-			8,822
Net income		-		-		438,105		-			438,105
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	19,081	$	52,155,835	$	6,336,600	$	(21,368,537	)	$	37,142,979
Net income		-		-		1,259,858		-			1,259,858
Balance, June 30, 2020	$	19,081	$	52,155,835	$	7,596,458	$	(21,368,537	)	$	38,402,837

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

3

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019
			Additional
	Common		Paid-In		Retained		Treasury
	Stock		Capital		Earnings		Stock			Total
Balance, September 30, 2018	$	18,937	$	51,783,779	$	3,720,291	$	(21,368,537	)	$	34,154,470
Net income		-		-		139,421		-			139,421
Balance, December 31, 2018	$	18,937	$	51,783,779	$	3,859,712	$	(21,368,537	)	$	34,293,891
Issuance of stock to directors		69		203,317		-		-			203,386
Net income		-		-		202,499		-			202,499
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	19,006	$	51,987,096	$	4,062,211	$	(21,368,537	)	$	34,699,776
Net income		-		-		511,259		-			511,259
Balance, June 30, 2019	$	19,006	$	51,987,096	$	4,573,470	$	(21,368,537	)	$	35,211,035

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

4

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended June 30 ,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	2,025,871		$	853,179
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		301,550			342,359
Share-based compensation expense:
Stock awards		159,992			203,386
Deferred income taxes		38			33
(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable		(1,516,119	)		2,008,066
Contract asset		80,182			(30,170	)
Inventories		(238,648	)		(165,076	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(164,156	)		(34,185	)
Income taxes receivable, net		(303,280	)		7,305
Increase (decrease) in:
Accounts payable		(129,993	)		(706,655	)
Accrued expenses		333,674			(56,169	)
Contract liability		77,110			(173,790	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		626,221			2,248,283
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment		(67,624	)		(75,585	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(67,624	)		(75,585	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		8,822			-
Net cash provided by financing activities		8,822			-
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		567,419			2,172,698
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year		22,416,830			20,390,713
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	22,984,249		$	22,563,411
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for income tax	$	2,456		$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

5

INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Company

Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company,” “IS&S,” “we” or “us”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 12, 1988. The Company operates in one business segment as a systems integrator that designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services air data equipment, engine display systems, standby equipment, primary flight guidance, autothrottles and cockpit display systems for retrofit applications and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). The Company supplies integrated Flight Management Systems (“FMS”), Flat Panel Display Systems (“FPDS”), FPDS with Autothrottle, air data equipment, Integrated Standby Units (“ISU”), ISU with Autothrottle and advanced Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receivers that enable reduced carbon footprint navigation.

The Company has continued to position itself as a system integrator, which capability provides the Company with the potential to generate more substantive orders over a broader product base. The strategy, as both a manufacturer and integrator, is designed to leverage the latest technologies developed for the computer and telecommunications industries into advanced and cost-effective solutions for the general aviation, commercial air transport, United States Department of Defense (“DoD”)/governmental and foreign military markets. This approach, combined with the Company’s industry experience, is designed to enable IS&S to develop high-quality products and systems, to reduce product time to market, and to achieve cost advantages over products offered by its competitors.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of Company management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 is derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, including in

terms of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (the “COVID-19 pandemic”), which cannot be determined at this time. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and a national emergency by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, has caused and is continuing to cause business slowdowns and shutdowns and turmoil in the financial markets both in the United States and abroad. IS&S is monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, including how it has impacted and will impact the Company’s employees, customers, suppliers and distribution channels. Through the first three quarters of 2020, the Company has not yet seen a material impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, financial position, liquidity, or ability to service customers or maintain critical operations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quarantines and other governmental and non-governmental restrictions which have been imposed throughout the world in an effort to contain or mitigate the spread of the coronavirus, has caused and is continuing to cause significant market turbulence and disruption that may continue for some time even after business restrictions are lifted and the threat of the coronavirus diminishes. As a result, the Company expects that it may face liquidity shortages, weaker product demand from its customers, disruptions in its supply chain, and/or staffing shortages in its workforce for the foreseeable future due to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Use of Estimates

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, long term contracts, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liabilities, income taxes, engineering and material costs on Engineering Development Contracts (“EDC”) programs, percentage-of-completion on EDC, recoverability of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation expense, self-insurance reserves, and contingencies. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

6

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Highly liquid investments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 consist of cash on deposit and cash invested in money market funds with financial institutions.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (the lesser of three to seven years or over the lease term), except for the manufacturing facility and the corporate airplanes, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of thirty-nine years and ten years, respectively. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

·Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

·Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

·Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

·Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, according to the valuation techniques the Company used to determine their fair values.

	Fair Value Measurement on June 30, 2020
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,585,860	$	-	$	-

	Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2019
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,450,242	$	-	$	-

7

Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, “Property, Plant and Equipment.” This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of should be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to estimated future cash flows expected to result from use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows. No impairment charges were recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019.

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers that, in general, provide for the Company to design, develop, manufacture and deliver large flat-panel display systems, flight information computers, autothrottles and advanced monitoring systems that measure and display critical flight information, including data relative to aircraft separation, airspeed, altitude, and engine and fuel data measurements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers, and contains principles to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The model supersedes most previous revenue recognition guidance, and also requires enhanced revenue-related disclosures. Under the new standard and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”), revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized will reflect the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1) Identify the contract with a customer

The Company’s contract with its customers typically is the form of a purchase order issued to the Company by its customers and, to a lesser degree, in the form of purchase order issued in connection with a formal contract executed with a customer. For purpose of accounting for revenue under ASC 606, a contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2) Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Most of our revenue is derived from purchases under which we provide a specific product or service and, as a result, there is only one performance obligation. In the event that a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, such as an EDC contract which includes both engineering services and a resulting product shipment, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. In these cases, the Company considers whether the customer could, on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties, produce the physical product using only the output resulting from the Company’s completion of engineering services. If the customer cannot produce the physical product, then the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

8

3) Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of the Company’s contracts as of June 30, 2020 included variable consideration.

4) Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions as well as the cost of the goods or services and the Company’s normal margins for similar performance obligations.

5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time is typically recognized at the time of shipment of products to the customer and accounted for 93.1% and 97.1% of our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 95.9% and 93.5% of our revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The remaining revenue results from EDC contracts and is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Contract costs include material, components and third-party avionics purchased from suppliers, direct labor, and overhead costs.

At June 30, 2020, we had $6,518,469 of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize the majority of our remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining balance recognized thereafter.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for performance obligations in long-term contracts that are satisfied over time involves the use of various techniques to estimate progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company typically measures progress based on costs incurred compared to estimated total contract costs. Contract cost estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span more than a single year. These assumptions include the amount of labor and labor costs, the quantity and cost of raw materials used in the completion of the performance obligation, and the complexity of the work to be performed.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance is recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates did not change our revenue and operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020. Therefore, no adjustment on any contract was material to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020.

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

ASC 606 permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, and the adoption resulted in no adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings as of the adoption date and there were no significant changes in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. Additionally, there was no change to the Company’s assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operations.

9

Contract Balances

Contract assets consist of the right to consideration in exchange for product offerings that we have transferred to a customer under the contract. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received in advance of performance under the contract. The following table reflects the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities:

	Contract Assets			Contract Liabilities
September 30, 2019	$	80,182		$	29,231
Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets		(80,182	)		-
Contract asset additions		-			-
Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period		-			(28,781	)
Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations		-			105,891
June 30, 2020	$	-		$	106,341

Customer Service Revenue

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers for the repair or upgrade of its various products that are not under warranty. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales are included in product sales and product cost of sales, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer Service Sales	$	906,662	$	1,059,528	$	3,302,346	$	2,535,576
Customer Service Cost of Sales		320,428		353,348		1,072,397		982,313
Gross Profit	$	586,234	$	706,180	$	2,229,949	$	1,553,263

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which utilizes a balance sheet approach to provide for income taxes. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and expected benefits of utilizing net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled, and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company prepares an estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and applies that annual effective income tax rate to ordinary year-to-date pre-tax income for the interim period. Specific tax items discrete to a particular quarter are recorded in income tax expense for that quarter. The estimated annual effective tax rate used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis may change in subsequent periods.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be verified objectively, and significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required by considering available evidence. Deferred tax assets are recognized when expected future taxable income is sufficient to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes that would otherwise be payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and credit carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years, and tax planning strategies which are both prudent and feasible. The Company’s current balance of the deferred tax valuation allowance is recorded against all of its federal and state deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to assess all available evidence during future periods to evaluate any changes to the realization of its deferred tax assets. If the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize additional federal or state deferred tax assets in the future, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

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The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records a liability for the difference between the (i) benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and (ii) the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return. To the extent that the Company’s assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The Company has elected to record any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company records a liability when it is probable that there will be an assessment. The Company adjusts the estimates periodically as a result of ongoing examinations by and settlements with the various taxing authorities, and changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. The consolidated tax provision of any given year includes adjustments to prior years’ income tax accruals that are considered appropriate, and any related estimated interest. Management believes that it has made adequate accruals for income taxes. Differences between estimated and actual amounts determined upon ultimate resolution, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations or cash flow of any one period.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which made broad and complex changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent; (2) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (3) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (4) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (5) the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction; and (6) limitations on NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income.

The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, we recorded a provisional adjustment to decrease deferred tax assets and liabilities with a corresponding net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $321,038 for the period ended December 31, 2017. This expense is offset fully by a change in the valuation allowance. We completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act as of the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law to provide emergency assistance to affected individuals, families, and businesses. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act amends the NOL provisions of the Tax Act, allowing for the carryback of losses arising in tax years beginning before December 31, 2017, to each of the two taxable years preceding the taxable year of loss. An estimated $1,500,000 of pre-tax NOL will be carried back two years to fully offset taxable income. This carryback frees up previously utilized R&D credits, resulting in an estimated increase in R&D credit carryforward of $196,000. The carryback will create approximately $16,000 of AMT tax, which will be refunded. The cash impact of this carryback is $309,412. An income tax receivable was recorded for $310,135 as of the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Engineering Development

The Company invests a large percentage of its sales on engineering development, both Research and Development (“R&D”) and EDC. At June 30, 2020, approximately 24% of the Company’s employees were engineers engaged in various engineering development projects. Total engineering development expense comprises both internally funded R&D and product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts. Engineering development expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in EDC projects, engineering related product materials and equipment, and subcontracting costs. R&D charges incurred for product design, product enhancements, and future product development are expensed as incurred. Product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts are charged to cost of sales-EDC based on estimated progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation under ASC 606.

Treasury Stock

We account for treasury stock purchased under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of shareholders’ equity. Treasury stock purchased with intent to retire (whether or not the retirement is actually accomplished) is charged to common stock.

Comprehensive Income

Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” the Company is required to classify items of other comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and display the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of its condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, comprehensive income consisted of net income only, and there were no items of other comprehensive income for any of the periods presented.

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Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation under FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which requires the Company to measure the cost of employee or non-employee director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model. The Company recognizes such cost over the period during which an employee or non-employee director is required to provide service in exchange for the award.

Warranty

The Company offers warranties on some products of various lengths; however the standard warranty period is twenty-four months. Our standard warranties typically only cover repairs of product defects and, although the Company offers extended warranties, there have been no sales of extended warranties to date. As a result, none of the Company’s warranties represent performance obligations under ASC 606. At the time of shipment, the Company establishes a reserve for estimated costs of warranties based on its best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims using historical data on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The length of the warranty period, the product’s failure rates, and the customer’s usage affect warranty cost. If actual warranty costs differ from the Company’s estimated amounts, future results of operations could be affected adversely. Warranty cost is recorded as cost of sales, and the reserve balance recorded as an accrued expense. While the Company maintains product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related corrective costs. If actual product failure rates and/or corrective costs differ from the estimates, the Company revises the estimated warranty liability accordingly.

Self-Insurance Reserves

Since January 1, 2014, the Company has self-insured a significant portion of its employee medical insurance. The Company maintains a stop-loss insurance policy that limits its losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are estimated based upon actuarial assumptions such as historical claims experience and demographic factors. The Company estimated the total medical claims incurred but not reported, and the Company believes that it has adequate reserves for these claims at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. However, the actual value of such claims could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions. At June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the estimated liability for medical claims incurred but not reported was approximately $49,460 and $55,700, respectively. The Company has recorded the excess of funded premiums over estimated claims incurred but not reported of approximately $195,729 and $123,100 as a current asset in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Concentrations

Major Customers and Products

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, two customers, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd (“Pilatus”), and Kalitta Air (“Kalitta”), accounted for 36.6% and 10.9% of net sales, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020, two customers, Pilatus, and Kalitta accounted for 35.5% and 12.9%, respectively, of net sales.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, one customer, Pilatus accounted for 32% of net sales. During the nine months ended June 30, 2019, two customers, Pilatus, and Air Transport Services Group Inc. accounted for 29% and 15%, respectively, of net sales.

Major Suppliers

The Company buys several of its components from sole source suppliers. Although there are a limited number of suppliers of particular components, management believes other suppliers could provide similar components on comparable terms.

For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company had four and three suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company had three suppliers and two suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash where preservation of principal is the major consideration. Cash balances are maintained with two major banks. Balances on deposit with certain money market accounts and operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company’s customer base consists principally of companies within the aviation industry. The Company requests advance payments and/or letters of credit from customers that it considers to be credit risks.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, “Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the impact resulting from the adoption of ASC 606.

On October 1, 2019, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) as modified, which replaces existing lease accounting guidance. This pronouncement is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record “right-of-use” assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases. Expenses associated with leases continue to be recognized in a manner similar to previous accounting guidance. We adopted this pronouncement utilizing the transition practical expedient added by the FASB, which eliminated the requirement that entities apply the new lease standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. This adoption approach will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. At adoption, we recognized a right-to-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $130,018 on our consolidated balance sheet. Additional required disclosures have been included with Note 7, “Leases,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Such adoption did not have an impact on our liquidity or results of operations.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for SEC small business filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Management is currently assessing the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosures on fair value measurements by removing the requirement to disclose the amount and reason for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the policy for timing of such transfers. ASU 2018-13 expands the disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements, primarily focused on changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. For public entities, the standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures and adoption of the additional disclosures can be delayed until the effective date. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable.

2. Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory, and consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	3,681,929	$	3,408,742
Work-in-process		761,060		775,770
Finished goods		266,353		286,182
	$	4,709,342	$	4,470,694

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Prepaid insurance	$	389,078	$	302,376
Income tax receivable		301,519		-
Other		417,126		339,673
	$	1,107,723	$	642,049

Property and equipment

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

	June 30,			September 30,
	2020			2019
Computer equipment	$	2,297,125		$	2,285,152
Corporate airplanes		5,601,039			5,601,039
Furniture and office equipment		1,031,099			1,033,779
Manufacturing facility		5,733,313			5,733,313
Equipment		5,678,035			5,635,134
Land		1,021,245			1,021,245
		21,361,856			21,309,662
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(13,136,124	)		(12,864,970	)
	$	8,225,732		$	8,444,692

Depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment was approximately $92,330 and $103,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The corporate airplanes are utilized primarily in support of product development. The Pilatus PC-12 airplane, one of the Company’s two corporate airplanes, has been depreciated to its estimated salvage value.

Depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment was approximately $286,584 and $321,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other assets

Other assets consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $555,837 and $551,037
at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively	$	44,400	$	49,200
Operating lease right-of-use asset		66,201		-
Other non-current assets		94,675		104,841
	$	205,276	$	154,041

Intangible assets consist of licensing and certification rights which are amortized over a defined number of units. No impairment charges were recorded in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Intangible asset amortization expense was approximately $0 and $3,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense was approximately $4,800 and $15,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The timing of future amortization expense is not determinable because the intangible assets are being amortized over a defined number of units.

Other non-current assets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 include the security deposit for an airplane hangar and a deposit for medical claims required under the Company’s medical plan. In addition, other non-current assets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 includes $19,375 and $29,541, respectively, of prepaid software licenses that will be earned upon the shipment of a certain product to a customer. Other non-current assets amortization expense was approximately $4,067 and $3,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other non-current assets amortization expense was approximately $10,166 and $7,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Warranty	$	580,049	$	606,680
Salary, benefits and payroll taxes		500,835		212,322
Professional fees		129,997		153,298
Operating lease		63,960		-
Other		231,949		138,618
	$	1,506,790	$	1,110,918

Warranty cost and accrual information for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 is highlighted below:

	Three Months Ending			Nine Months Ending
	June 30, 2020			June 30, 2020
Warranty accrual, beginning of period	$	573,412		$	606,680
Accrued expense		32,023			72,998
Warranty cost		(25,386	)		(99,629	)
Warranty accrual, end of period	$	580,049		$	580,049

3. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act, which made broad and complex changes to the Code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent; (2) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (3) elimination of the corporate AMT and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (4) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (5) the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction; and (6) limitations on the use of NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income.

Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by the Company in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted and the effects are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes from continuing operations.

The Tax Act made significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, including reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also eliminated the previous carryback period for NOLs of two years and permits an indefinite carryforward period.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act was signed into law to provide emergency assistance to affected individuals, families, and businesses. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act amends the NOL provisions of the Tax Act, allowing for the carryback of losses arising in tax years beginning before December 31, 2017, to each of the two taxable years preceding the taxable year of loss. An estimated $1,500,000 of pre-tax NOL will be carried back two years to fully offset taxable income. This carryback frees up previously utilized R&D credits, resulting in an estimated increase in R&D credit carryforward of $196,000. The carryback will create approximately $16,000 of AMT tax, which will be refunded. The cash impact of this carryback is $309,412. An income tax receivable was recorded for $310,135 as of the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

The income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $8,616 as compared to an income tax expense of $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 0.7% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the NOL usage due to an increase in pretax book income and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $243,000.

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The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was 0% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $565,000.

The income tax benefit for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was $300,786 as compared to an income tax expense of $7,794 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax benefit rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was 17.4% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the income tax benefit associated with the NOL carryback provisions under the CARES Act and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $437,000.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was 0.9% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $811,000.

4. Shareholders’ Equity and Share-Based Payments

At June 30, 2020, the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation provides the Company authority to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Share-Based compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation under the provisions of ASC Topic 718 by using the fair value method for expensing stock options and stock awards.

Total compensation expense was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $159,992 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company has two share-based compensation plans, the 2009 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which the shareholders approved on March 12, 2009, and the 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which the shareholders approved on April 2, 2019. The 2009 Plan terminated on January 20, 2019 with respect to the grant of any new awards.

2009 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The 2009 Plan authorized the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards. Options granted under the 2009 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in section 422 of the Code, or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”).

Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2009 Plan was 1,200,000, all of which could be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options. In addition, the 2009 Plan provided that no more than 300,000 shares may be awarded in any calendar year to any employee as a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code.

If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and type of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2009 Plan, the number and type of shares of common stock available under the 2009 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award, provided that no adjustment may be made that would adversely affect the status of any award that is intended to be a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles, provided that no adjustment may be made that would adversely affect the status of any award that is intended to be a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee.

Total compensation expense related to options issued to employees under the 2009 Plan was $0 for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The compensation expense under the 2009 Plan related to shares issued to non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and approximately $0 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total compensation expense associated with the 2009 Plan was approximately $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $0 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The 2019 Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards. Options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in section 422 of the Code or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan is 750,000, plus 139,691 shares of common stock that were authorized but unissued under the 2009 Plan as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan (i.e., April 2, 2019), all of which may be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options. In addition, the 2019 Plan provides that no more than 300,000 shares may be awarded in any calendar year to any employee. As of June 30, 2020, there were 816,635 shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan.

If any award is forfeited, terminates or otherwise is settled for any reason without an actual distribution of shares to the participant, the related shares of common stock subject to such award will again be available for future grant. Any shares tendered by a participant in payment of the exercise price of an option or the tax liability with respect to an award (including, in any case, shares withheld from any such award) will not be available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and kind of shares of common stock which may be issued in connection with future awards, the number and kind of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2019 Plan, the aggregate number and kind of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan, any applicable individual limits on the number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

Total compensation expense related to options issued to employees under the 2019 Plan was $0 for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The compensation expense under the 2019 Plan related to shares issued to non-employee members of the Board was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and approximately $159,992 and $0 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total compensation expense associated with the 2019 Plan was approximately $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $159,992 and $0 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

5. Earnings Per Share

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,259,858	$	511,259	$	2,025,871	$	853,179
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares		16,952,973		16,880,341		16,931,049		16,860,503
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		134,302		98,302		166,365		37,818
Diluted weighted average shares		17,087,275		16,978,643		17,097,414		16,898,321
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05
Diluted EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05

Earnings per share (“EPS”) are calculated pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Basic EPS excludes potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed assuming the conversion or exercise of all dilutive securities such as employee stock options.

The number of incremental shares from the assumed exercise of stock options is calculated by using the treasury stock method. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 548,500 and 550,834 options to purchase common stock outstanding, respectively. The average outstanding diluted shares calculation excludes options with an exercise price that exceeds the average market price of shares during the period.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, 0 and 250,000 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

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For the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, 0 and 367,223 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

6. Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings and claims. The Company does not believe any such matters that are currently pending will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.

7. Leases

On October 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02. This pronouncement requires lessees to record “right-of-use” assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases. We adopted this pronouncement utilizing the transition practical expedient which eliminated the requirement that entities apply the new lease standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption.

As part of our adoption, we elected to utilize the package of practical expedients permitted under the new standard, which allowed us to not reassess: (a) whether an existing contract is or contains a lease, (b) the classification for existing leases and (c) initial direct costs. Further, as permitted by the standard, we made an accounting policy election not to record right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Instead, consistent with previous accounting guidance, we will recognize payments for such leases in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We lease real estate and equipment under various operating leases. A lease exists when a contract or part of a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. In determining whether a lease exists, we consider whether a contract provides us with both: (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the identified asset.

Some of our leases include base rental periods coupled with options to renew or terminate the lease, generally at our discretion. In evaluating the lease term, we consider whether we are reasonably certain to exercise such options. To the extent a significant economic incentive exists to exercise an option, that option is included within the lease term. However, based on the nature of our lease arrangements, options generally do not provide us with a significant economic incentive and are therefore excluded from the lease term for the majority of our arrangements.

Our leases typically include a combination of fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments are generally included when measuring the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Variable payments, which primarily represent payments based on usage of the underlying asset, are generally excluded from such measurement and expensed as incurred. In addition, certain of our lease arrangements may contain a lease coupled with an arrangement to provide other services, such as maintenance, or may require us to make other payments on behalf of the lessor related to the leased asset, such as payments for taxes or insurance. As permitted by ASC 842, we have elected to account for these non-lease components together with the associated lease component if included in the lease payments. This election has been made for each of our asset classes.

The measurement of “right-of-use” assets and lease liabilities requires us to estimate appropriate discount rates. To the extent the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable, such rate is utilized. However, based on information available at lease commencement for our leases, the rate implicit in the lease is not known. In these instances, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate, which represents the rate of interest that we would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term.

The following table presents the lease-related assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2020:

Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on June 30, 2020
Assets
Operating leases	Other assets	$	66,201
Liabilities
Operating leases- current	Accrued expenses	$	63,960
Operating leases – noncurrent	Other liabilities	$	2,241
Total lease liabilities		$	66,201

18

Rent expense and cash paid for various operating leases in aggregate are $21,952 and $42,918 for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020. The weighted average remaining lease term is 1.1 years and the weighted average discount rate is 5.0% as of June 30, 2020.

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases are as follows at June 30, 2020:

	Twelve Months Ending June 30,	Operating Leases
	2021	$	67,494
	2022		2,446
Total minimum lease payments		$	69,940
Amount representing interest			(3,739	)
Present value of minimum lease payments			66,201
Current portion			(63,960	)
Long-term portion of lease obligations		$	2,241

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are based largely on current expectations and projections about future events and trends affecting the business, are not guarantees of future performance, and involve a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. In this report, the words “anticipates,” “believes,” “may,” “will,” “estimates,” “continues,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “expects,” “plans,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “is likely” and similar expressions, as they relate to the business or to its management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but they are not exclusive means of identifying them. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to “IS&S,” the “Registrant,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The forward-looking statements in this report are only predictions, and actual events or results may differ materially. In evaluating such statements, a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors could cause actual results, performance, financial condition, cash flows, prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties and other factors include those set forth in Item 1A (Risk Factors) of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019, those set forth in Item 1A of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 1, 2020, and the following factors:

· market acceptance of the Company’s ThrustSense® Integrated PT6 Autothrottle, PC-12 Autothrottle, Vmc_a Mitigation and Hot Start Protection capabilities, FPDS, NextGen Flight Deck and COCKPIT/IP® or other planned products or product enhancements;

· continued market acceptance of the Company’s air data systems and products;

· the competitive environment and new product offerings from competitors;

· difficulties in developing and producing the Company’s ThrustSense® Integrated PT6 Autothrottle, PC-12 Autothrottle, Vmc_a Mitigation and Hot Start Protection capabilities, NextGen Flight Deck, COCKPIT/IP® Flat Panel Display System or other planned products or product enhancements;

· the deferral or termination of programs or contracts for convenience by customers;

· the ability to service the international market;

· the availability of government funding;

· the impact of general economic trends on the Company’s business, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;

· disruptions in the Company’s supply chain, customer base and workforce, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic;

· the ability to gain regulatory approval of products in a timely manner;

· delays in receiving components from third-party suppliers;

· the bankruptcy or insolvency of one or more key customers;

· protection of intellectual property rights;

· the ability to respond to technological change;

· failure to retain/recruit key personnel;

· risks related to succession planning;

· a cyber security incident;

· risks related to our self-insurance program;

· potential future acquisitions;

· the costs of compliance with present and future laws and regulations;

· changes in law, including changes to corporate tax laws in the United States and the availability of certain tax credits; and

· other factors disclosed from time to time in the Company’s filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Except as expressly required by the federal securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise after the date of this report. Results of operations in any past period should not be considered indicative of the results to be expected for future periods. Fluctuations in operating results may result in fluctuations in the price of the Company’s common stock.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report. The Company does not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances or changes in expectations after the date of this report, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The forward-looking statements in this document are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by Sections 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended

(the “Exchange Act”).

20 

Investors should also be aware that while the Company, from time to time, communicates with securities analysts, it is against its policy to disclose any material non-public information or other confidential commercial information. Accordingly, shareholders should not assume that the Company agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report. Furthermore, the Company has a policy against issuing or confirming financial forecasts or projections issued by others. Thus, to the extent that reports issued by securities analysts contain any projections, forecasts or opinions, such reports are not the responsibility of the Company.

21 

Company Overview

Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company,” “IS&S,” “we” or “us”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 12, 1988. The Company operates in one business segment as a systems integrator that designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services air data equipment, engine display systems, standby equipment, primary flight guidance, autothrottles and cockpit display systems for retrofit applications and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”). The Company supplies integrated Flight Management Systems (“FMS”), Flat Panel Display Systems (“FPDS”), Autothrottle Systems, air data equipment, Integrated Standby Units (“ISU”) and advanced Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receivers that enable reduced carbon footprint navigation.

The Company has continued to position itself as a system integrator, which provides the Company with the capability and potential to generate more substantive orders over a broader product base. This strategy, as both a manufacturer and integrator, is designed to leverage the latest technologies developed for the computer and telecommunications industries into advanced and cost-effective solutions for the general aviation, commercial air transport, United States Department of Defense (“DoD”)/governmental and foreign military markets. This approach, combined with the Company’s industry experience, is designed to enable IS&S to develop high-quality products and systems, to reduce product time to market, and to achieve cost advantages over products offered by its competitors.

For several years the Company has been working with advances in technology to provide pilots with more information to enhance both the safety and efficiency of flying, and has developed its COCKPIT/IP® Cockpit Information Portal (“CIP”) product line, that incorporates proprietary technology, low cost, reduced power consumption, decreased weight, and increased functionality. The Company has incorporated Electronic Flight Bag (“EFB”) functionality, such as charting and mapping systems, into its FPDS product line.

The Company has developed an FMS that combines the savings long associated with in-flight fuel optimization in enroute flight management combined with the precision of satellite-based navigation required to comply with the regulatory environments of both domestic and international markets. The Company believes that the FMS, alongside its FPDS and CIP product lines, is well suited to address market demand driven by certain regulatory mandates, new technologies, and the high cost of maintaining aging and obsolete equipment on aircraft that will be in service for up to fifty years. The shift in the regulatory and technological environment is illustrated by the dramatic increase in the number of Space Based Augmentation System (“SBAS”) or Wide Area Augmentation System (“WAAS”) approach qualified airports, particularly as realized through Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (“LPV”) navigation procedures. Aircraft equipped with the Company’s FMS, FPDS and SBAS/WAAS/LPV enabled navigator, will be qualified to land at such airports and will comply with Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”) mandates for Required Navigation Performance, and Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast navigation. IS&S believes this will further increase the demand for the Company’s products. The Company’s FMS/FPDS product line is designed for new production and retrofit applications into general aviation, commercial air transport and military transport aircraft. In addition, the Company offers what we believe to be a state-of-the-art ISU, integrating the full functionality of the primary and navigation displays into a small backup-powered unit. This ISU builds on the Company’s legacy air data computer to form a complete next-generation cockpit display and navigation upgrade offering to the commercial and military markets.

The Company has developed and received certification from the FAA on its NextGen Flight Deck featuring its ThrustSense® Integrated PT6 Autothrottle (“ThrustSense® Autothrottle”) for retrofit in the Pilatus PC-12. The NextGen Flight Deck features Primary Flight and Multi-Function Displays and ISUs, as well as an Integrated FMS and EFB System. The innovative avionics suite includes dual flight management systems, autothrottles, synthetic vision and enhanced vision. The NextGen enhanced avionics suite is available for integration into other business aircraft with Non-FADEC and FADEC engines.

The Company has developed, and in April 2019 received certification from the FAA for, its ThrustSense® Autothrottle for retrofit in the King Air, dual turbo prop PT6 powered aircraft. The autothrottle is designed to automate the power management for speed and power control. ThrustSense also ensures aircraft envelope protection and engine protection during all phases of flight reducing pilot workload and increasing safety.

More recently, on December 9, 2019 the Company received certification from the FAA for a safety mode feature during an engine-out condition for its King Air ThrustSense® Autothrottle.

We believe the ThrustSense® Autothrottle is innovative in that it is the first autothrottle developed for a turbo prop that allows a pilot to automatically control the power setting of the engine. The autothrottle computes and controls appropriate power levels reducing overall pilot workload. The system computes thrust, holds selected speed/torque, and implements appropriate speed and engine limit protection. When engaged by the pilot, the autothrottle system adjusts the throttles automatically to achieve and hold the selected airspeed guarded by a torque/temperature limit mode. The autothrottle system takes full advantage of the integrated cockpit utilizing weight and balance information for optimal control settings and enabling safety functions like a turbulence control mode.

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The Company sells to both the OEM and the retrofit markets. Customers include various OEMs, commercial air transport carriers and corporate/general aviation companies, DoD and its commercial contractors, aircraft operators, aircraft modification centers, government agencies, and foreign militaries. Occasionally, IS&S sells its products directly to DoD; however, the Company sells its products primarily to commercial customers for end use in DoD programs. Sales to defense contractors are generally made on commercial terms, although some of the termination and other provisions of government contracts are applicable to these contracts. The Company’s retrofit projects are generally pursuant to either a direct contract with a customer or a subcontract with a general contractor to a customer (including government agencies).

Customers have been and may continue to be affected by changes in economic conditions both in the United States and abroad. Such changes may cause customers to curtail or delay their spending on both new and existing aircraft. Factors that can impact general economic conditions and the level of spending by customers include, but are not limited to, the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, general levels of consumer spending, increases in fuel and energy costs, conditions in the real estate and mortgage markets, labor and healthcare costs, access to credit, consumer confidence, and other macroeconomic factors that affect spending behavior. Furthermore, spending by government agencies may be reduced in the future if tax revenues decline. If customers curtail or delay their spending or are forced to declare bankruptcy or liquidate their operations because of adverse economic conditions, the Company’s revenues and results of operations would be affected adversely. For example, previously certain of the Company’s customers temporarily suspended product deliveries as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and while these deliveries have since resumed, there is a possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic will result in other suspensions, delays or order cancellations by the Company’s customers (or, for that matter, by the Company’s suppliers).

In particular, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a significant event, driver of market trends, and source of uncertainty that may have a material impact on the Company’s liquidity, financial condition, capital resources, cash flows or operating results. In direct response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken specific actions to ensure the safety of its employees, including increased safety measures and the transitioning of many employees to remote work.

Cost of sales related to product sales comprises material components and third-party avionics purchased from suppliers, direct labor, and overhead costs. Many of the components are standard, although certain parts are manufactured to meet IS&S specifications. The overhead portion of cost of sales comprises primarily salaries and benefits, building occupancy costs, supplies, and outside service costs related to production, purchasing, material control, and quality control. Cost of sales includes warranty costs.

Cost of sales related to engineering development contracts (“EDC”) sales comprises engineering labor, consulting services, and other costs associated with specific design and development projects. These costs are incurred pursuant to contractual arrangements and are accounted for typically as contract costs within cost of sales with the reimbursement accounted for as a sale in accordance with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Company funded research and development (“R&D”) expenditures relate to internally-funded efforts towards the development of new products and the improvement of existing products. These costs are expensed as incurred and reported as R&D expenses. The Company intends to continue investing in the development of new products that complement current product offerings and to expense associated R&D costs as they are incurred.

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of sales, marketing, business development, professional services, salaries and benefits for executive and administrative personnel, facility costs, recruiting, legal, accounting, bad debt expense and other general corporate expenses.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of financial condition and consolidated results of operations are based upon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, IS&S management evaluates its estimates based upon historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable in the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The Company believes that its critical accounting policies affect its more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 contains a discussion of these critical accounting policies. There have been no significant changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies since September 30, 2019. See also Note 1 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three- and nine-month periods ending June 30, 2020 as set forth herein.

23 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED
JUNE 30, 2020 AND 2019

The following table sets forth the statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of total net sales for the periods indicated (some items may not add due to rounding):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Net sales:
Product		91.5	%		97.1	%		95.1	%		93.5	%
Engineering development contracts		8.5	%		2.9	%		4.9	%		6.5	%
Total net sales		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Cost of sales:
Product		41.8	%		43.8	%		44.4	%		41.5	%
Engineering development contracts		1.2	%		1.2	%		1.4	%		3.4	%
Total cost of sales		43.0	%		45.0	%		45.8	%		44.9	%
Gross profit		57.0	%		55.0	%		54.2	%		55.1	%
Operating expenses:
Research and development		14.6	%		15.7	%		14.7	%		15.4	%
Selling, general and administrative		21.5	%		30.9	%		29.5	%		34.6	%
Total operating expenses		36.1	%		46.6	%		44.2	%		50.0	%
Operating income		20.9	%		8.4	%		10.0	%		5.1	%
Interest income		0.1	%		2.2	%		1.0	%		1.2	%
Other income		0.3	%		0.5	%		0.3	%		0.4	%
Income before income taxes		21.3	%		11.1	%		11.3	%		6.7	%
Income tax expense (benefit)		0.1	%		0.0	%		(2.0	)%		0.1	%
Net income		21.2	%		11.1	%		13.2	%		6.7	%

24 

Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

Net sales. Net sales were $5,953,689 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $4,589,824 for the three months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of 29.7%. Product sales increased $987,302 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019, and EDC sales increased $376,563 from the same period in the prior year. Product sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 increased from the same period in the prior year primarily because of increased shipments of displays for retrofit programs to commercial transport and general aviation customers and King Air autothrottle systems to our OEM customer. The increase in EDC sales in the current year period was primarily the result of completing a modification contract for a F-5 air data computer for the U.S. Navy.

Cost of sales. Cost of sales increased $494,399, or 23.9%, to $2,559,016, or 43.0% of net sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $2,064,617 or 45.0% of net sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in cost of sales was primarily the result of an increase in labor and related benefit costs attributable to an increase in headcount to meet customer backlog requirements and higher material costs reflecting increased product sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company’s overall gross margin was 57.0% and 55.0% for the quarters ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Research and development. R&D expense increased $148,280, or 20.5%, to $870,805, or 14.6% of net sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $722,525, or 15.7% of net sales, in the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in R&D expense in the quarter was primarily the result of increased payroll, payroll related benefits and outside services.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased by $136,631 to $1,279,422 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $1,416,053 in the three months ended June 30, 2019. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 21.5% of net sales in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from 30.9% of net sales in the three months ended June 30, 2019 reflecting both increased net sales in the current quarter and a reduction in selling, general and administrative expense. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expense in the quarter was primarily the result of a decrease in professional services and trade show expenses.

Interest income. Interest income decreased by $92,149 to $7,767 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 from $99,916 in the three months ended June 30, 2019, mainly a result of lower interest rates in the current year period compared to the same period in the prior year.

Other income. Other income is mainly composed of royalties earned and decreased by $8,453 to $16,261 in the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Income tax expense. The income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $8,616 as compared to an income tax expense of $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 0.7% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the NOL usage due to an increase in pretax book income and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $243,300 to $3,485,000 and is recorded against all its federal and state deferred tax assets.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was 0% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $565,000.

Net income. The Company reported net income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 of $1,259,858 compared to net income of $511,259 for the three months ended June 30, 2019. On a diluted basis, the net income per share was $0.07 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net income per share of $0.03 for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

25 

Nine Months Ended June 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2019

Net sales. Net sales were $15,300,182 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $12,770,601 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019, an increase of 19.8%. Product sales increased $2,609,259 in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2019, and EDC sales decreased $79,678 from the same period in the prior year. Product sales for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 increased from the same period in the prior year primarily because of increased shipments of displays for retrofit programs to the DoD and military subcontractors and general aviation customers. The decrease in EDC sales in the current year period was primarily the result of completing a development contract for a new F-5 air data computer for the U.S. Navy.

Cost of sales. Cost of sales increased $1,275,306, or 22.2%, to $7,008,691, or 45.8% of net sales, in the nine months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $5,733,385 or 44.9% of net sales, in the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in cost of sales was primarily the result of an increase in labor and related benefit costs attributable to an increase in headcount to meet customer backlog requirements; higher material costs reflecting increased product sales; and warranty costs due to increased warranty activity for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The Company’s overall gross margin was 54.2% and 55.1% for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Research and development. R&D expense increased $282,060, or 14.3%, to $2,249,439, or 14.7% of net sales, in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 from $1,967,379, or 15.4% of net sales, in the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in R&D expense was primarily the result of increased payroll and related benefits and a higher proportion of efforts focused upon internal projects rather than EDC programs, whose costs are reflected in cost of sales rather than as R&D expense.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative expense increased by $99,959, or 2.3%, to $4,514,085 in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 from $4,414,126 in the nine months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expense in the nine months period was primarily the result of increased sales commissions. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased to 29.5% of net sales reflecting increased net sales in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 from 34.6% of net sales in the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

Interest income. Interest income increased marginally by $4,410 to $152,358 in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 from $147,948 in the nine months ended June 30, 2019, mainly a result of higher interest rates in the current year period compared to the same period in the prior year.

Other income. Other income is mainly composed of royalties earned and decreased by $12,254 to $44,760 in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the same period in the prior year.

Income tax expense. The income tax benefit for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was $300,786 as compared to an income tax expense of $7,794 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax benefit rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was 17.4% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the income tax benefit associated with the NOL carryback provisions under the CARES Act and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $243,000 to $3,485,000 and is recorded against all its federal and state deferred tax assets.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was 0.9% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $811,000.

Net income. The Company reported net income for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 of $2,025,871 compared to net income of $853,179 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019. On a diluted basis, the net income per share was $0.12 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 compared to net income per share of $0.05 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

26 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table highlights key financial measurements of the Company:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	22,984,249	$	22,416,830
Accounts receivable		3,864,656		2,348,537
Current assets		32,665,970		29,958,292
Current liabilities		2,562,211		2,219,222
Contract liability		106,341		29,231
Total debt and other non-current liabilities (1)		131,930		129,651
Quick ratio (2)		10.48		11.16
Current ratio (3)		12.75		13.50

	Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Cash flow activites:
Net cash provided by operating activites	$	626,221		$	2,248,283
Net cash used in investing activites		(67,624	)		(75,585	)
Net cash provided by financing activites		8,822			-

(1) Excludes contract liabilities

(2) The sum of cash and cash equivalents plus accounts receivable, divided by current liabilities

(3) Current assets divided by current liabilities

The Company’s principal source of liquidity has been cash flows from current year operations and cash accumulated from prior years’ operations. Cash is used principally to finance inventory, accounts receivable, and payroll.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is a significant event, driver of market trends, and source of uncertainty that may have a material impact on the Company’s liquidity, financial condition, capital resources, cash flows or operating results. In direct response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken specific actions to ensure the safety of its employees, including increased safety measures and the transitioning of many employees to remote work.

Operating activities

Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 resulted primarily from net income of $2,025,871, offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $1,516,119.

Cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 resulted primarily from a decrease in accounts receivable of $2,008,000, and net income of $853,000, offset by a decrease in accounts payable of $707,000.

Investing activities

Cash used in investing activities was $67,624 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and consisted primarily of the purchase of computer, production and laboratory test equipment.

Cash used in investing activities was approximately $76,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019, and consisted primarily of the purchase of production and laboratory test equipment.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $8,822 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and consisted primarily of the proceeds from the exercise of stock options by employees.

There was no net cash used by financing activities for the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

27 

Summary

Future capital requirements depend upon numerous factors, including market acceptance of the Company’s products, the timing and rate of expansion of business, acquisitions, joint ventures and other factors. IS&S has experienced increases in expenditures since its inception and anticipates that expenditures will continue in the foreseeable future. The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents will provide sufficient capital to fund operations for at least the next twelve months. However, the Company may need to develop and introduce new or enhanced products, respond to competitive pressures, invest in or acquire businesses or technologies, or respond to unanticipated requirements or developments. If insufficient funds are available, the Company may not be able to introduce new products or compete effectively.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Through the first three quarters of 2020, the Company has not yet seen a material impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, financial position, liquidity, or ability to service customers or maintain critical operations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quarantines and other governmental and non-governmental restrictions which have been imposed throughout the world in an effort to contain or mitigate the spread of the coronavirus, has caused and is continuing to cause significant market turbulence and disruption that may continue for some time even after business restrictions are lifted and the threat of the coronavirus diminishes. As a result, the Company expects that it may face liquidity shortages, weaker product demand from its customers, disruptions in its supply chain, and/or staffing shortages in its workforce for the foreseeable future due to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Backlog

Backlog represents the value of contracts and purchase orders received, less sales recognized to date on those contracts and purchase orders. Backlog activity for the nine months ended June 30, 2020:

	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	June 30, 2020
Backlog, beginning of period	$	9,789,412		$	5,896,163
Bookings, net		2,682,746			15,922,488
Recognized in revenue		(5,953,689	)		(15,300,182	)
Backlog, end of period	$	6,518,469		$	6,518,469

At June 30, 2020, the majority of the Company’s backlog is expected to be filled within the next twelve months. To the extent new business orders do not continue to equal or exceed sales recognized in the future from the Company’s existing backlog, future operating results may be impacted negatively.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has no relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as Special Purpose Entities or Variable Interest Entities, established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other limited purposes.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company’s operations are exposed to market risks primarily as a result of changes in interest rates. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The Company’s exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates to its cash equivalents. The Company’s cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market accounts, which bear interest at a variable rate. The Company does not participate in interest rate hedging. Cash balances are maintained with two major banks. Balances on deposit with certain money market accounts and operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. A change in interest rates earned on the cash equivalents would impact interest income and cash flows but would not impact the fair market value of the related underlying instruments. Assuming that the balances during the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 were to remain constant and the Company did not act to alter the existing interest rate sensitivity, a hypothetical 1% increase in variable interest rates would have affected interest income by approximately $54,000 and $161,000 with a resulting impact on cash flows of approximately $54,000 and $161,000 for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020.

28 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a)       We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of June 30, 2020. Based on that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that these controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC and (ii) accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)       There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

29 

PART II–OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings and claims. The Company does not believe any such matters that are currently pending will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The information set forth in this report should be read in conjunction with the risk factors described under Item 1A of the Company’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 and under Item 1A of the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020. Such risks are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that the Company currently deems to be immaterial could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, operating results, financial condition, cash flows, prospects, and the value of an investment in IS&S common stock.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

Paycheck Protection Program Application

On May 4, 2020, as a result of the increased costs resulting from, and uncertainty created by, the COVID-19 pandemic and to help ensure adequate liquidity during this period, the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Innovative Solutions and Support LLC, a Pennsylvania limited liability, entered into an unsecured loan in the aggregate principal amount of $1,203,900 with PNC Bank, National Association, the promissory note with respect to which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this report. The loan was undertaken pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act (and the related regulatory relief programs) enacted by the U.S. federal government to provide economic relief to U.S. companies impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, since the time of the Company’s loan application, additional guidance has been issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and Small Business Administration that creates uncertainty regarding the qualification requirements for a Paycheck Protection Program loan. Out of an abundance of caution and in light of the subsequent guidance, the Company elected to repay the loan in full. On May 15, 2020, the proceeds from the loan, which were not used by the Company, were repaid to PNC Bank, National Association.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a)       Exhibits

10.1 Promissory Note, executed May 4, 2020, between Innovative Solutions and Support LLC and PNC Bank, National Association ⁽³⁾

31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) ⁽¹⁾

31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) ⁽¹⁾

32.1 Certification Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ⁽²⁾

101.INS XBRL Instance Document ⁽¹⁾

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Scheme Document ⁽¹⁾

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾

(1) Filed herewith

(2) Furnished herewith

(3) Incorporated by reference from the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 7, 2020

30 

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND SUPPORT, INC.
Date: August 10, 2020	By:	/s/ RELLAND WINAND
		RELLAND WINAND
		CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

31 

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Geoffrey S.M. Hedrick, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc.

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/ GEOFFREY S.M. HEDRICK
Date: August 10, 2020		GEOFFREY S.M. HEDRICK
		CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Relland Winand, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc.

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

	By:	/s/ RELLAND WINAND
Date: August 10, 2020		RELLAND WINAND
		CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ GEOFFREY S.M. HEDRICK
	GEOFFREY S.M. HEDRICK
	CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
	August 10, 2020

/s/ RELLAND WINAND

RELLAND WINAND

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

August 10, 2020

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Entity Registrant Name	INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS & SUPPORT INC
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		16,984,426
Entity Central Index Key	0000836690
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 22,984,249	$ 22,416,830
Accounts receivable	3,864,656	2,348,537
Contract asset	0	80,182
Inventories	4,709,342	4,470,694
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,107,723	642,049
Total current assets	32,665,970	29,958,292
Property and equipment, net	8,225,732	8,444,692
Other assets	205,276	154,041
Total assets	41,096,978	38,557,025
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	949,080	1,079,073
Accrued expenses	1,506,790	1,110,918
Contract liability	106,341	29,231
Total current liabilities	2,562,211	2,219,222
Deferred income taxes	129,689	129,651
Other liabilities	2,241	0
Total liabilities	2,694,141	2,348,873
Commitments and contingencies (See Note 6)
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, 10,000,000 shares authorized, $.001 par value, of which 200,000 shares are authorized as Class A Convertible stock. No shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019
Common stock, $.001 par value: 75,000,000 shares authorized, 19,080,877 and 19,005,487 issued at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	19,081	19,006
Additional paid-in capital	52,155,835	51,987,096
Retained earnings	7,596,458	5,570,587
Treasury stock, at cost, 2,096,451 shares at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019	(21,368,537)	(21,368,537)
Total shareholders' equity	38,402,837	36,208,152
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 41,096,978	$ 38,557,025

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	75,000,000	75,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	19,080,877	19,005,487
Treasury stock, shares	2,096,451	2,096,451
Class A Convertible stock
Preferred stock, shares authorized	200,000	200,000

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Net sales:
Total net sales	$ 5,953,689	$ 4,589,824	$ 15,300,182	$ 12,770,601
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	2,559,016	2,064,617	7,008,691	5,733,385
Gross profit	3,394,673	2,525,207	8,291,491	7,037,216
Operating expenses:
Research and development	870,805	722,525	2,249,439	1,967,379
Selling, general and administrative	1,279,422	1,416,053	4,514,085	4,414,126
Total operating expenses	2,150,227	2,138,578	6,763,524	6,381,505
Operating income	1,244,446	386,629	1,527,967	655,711
Interest income	7,767	99,916	152,358	147,948
Other income	16,261	24,714	44,760	57,314
Income before income taxes	1,268,474	511,259	1,725,085	860,973
Income tax expense (benefit)	8,616	0	(300,786)	7,794
Net income	$ 1,259,858	$ 511,259	$ 2,025,871	$ 853,179
Net income per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.03	$ 0.12	$ 0.05
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.03	$ 0.12	$ 0.05
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	16,952,973	16,880,341	16,931,049	16,860,503
Diluted (in shares)	17,087,275	16,978,643	17,097,414	16,898,321
Product
Net sales:
Total net sales	$ 5,445,748	$ 4,458,446	$ 14,550,124	$ 11,940,865
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	2,486,353	2,009,799	6,795,530	5,300,941
Engineering development contracts
Net sales:
Total net sales	507,941	131,378	750,058	829,736
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	$ 72,663	$ 54,818	$ 213,161	$ 432,444

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 18,937	$ 51,783,779	$ 3,720,291	$ (21,368,537)	$ 34,154,470
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			139,421		139,421
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	18,937	51,783,779	3,859,712	(21,368,537)	34,293,891
Balance at Sep. 30, 2018	18,937	51,783,779	3,720,291	(21,368,537)	34,154,470
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					853,179
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	4,573,470	(21,368,537)	35,211,035
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018	18,937	51,783,779	3,859,712	(21,368,537)	34,293,891
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of stock to directors	69	203,317			203,386
Net income			202,499		202,499
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	4,062,211	(21,368,537)	34,699,776
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			511,259		511,259
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	4,573,470	(21,368,537)	35,211,035
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	5,570,587	(21,368,537)	36,208,152
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			327,908		327,908
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	5,898,495	(21,368,537)	36,536,060
Balance at Sep. 30, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	5,570,587	(21,368,537)	36,208,152
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income					2,025,871
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	19,081	52,155,835	7,596,458	(21,368,537)	38,402,837
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	19,006	51,987,096	5,898,495	(21,368,537)	36,536,060
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Issuance of stock to directors	73	159,919			159,992
Exercise of stock options	2	8,820			8,822
Net income			438,105		438,105
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020	19,081	52,155,835	6,336,600	(21,368,537)	37,142,979
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net income			1,259,858		1,259,858
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	$ 19,081	$ 52,155,835	$ 7,596,458	$ (21,368,537)	$ 38,402,837

XML

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 2,025,871	$ 853,179
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	301,550	342,359
Share-based compensation expense:
Stock awards	159,992	203,386
Deferred income taxes	38	33
(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable	(1,516,119)	2,008,066
Contract asset	80,182	(30,170)
Inventories	(238,648)	(165,076)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(164,156)	(34,185)
Income taxes receivable, net	(303,280)	7,305
Increase (decrease) in:
Accounts payable	(129,993)	(706,655)
Accrued expenses	333,674	(56,169)
Contract liability	77,110	(173,790)
Net cash provided by operating activities	626,221	2,248,283
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(67,624)	(75,585)
Net cash used in investing activities	(67,624)	(75,585)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	8,822
Net cash provided by financing activities	8,822
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	567,419	2,172,698
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	22,416,830	20,390,713
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	22,984,249	$ 22,563,411
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for income tax	$ 2,456

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Company

Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company,” “IS&S,” “we” or “us”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 12, 1988. The Company operates in one business segment as a systems integrator that designs, develops, manufactures, sells and services air data equipment, engine display systems, standby equipment, primary flight guidance, autothrottles and cockpit display systems for retrofit applications and original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”).  The Company supplies integrated Flight Management Systems (“FMS”), Flat Panel Display Systems (“FPDS”), FPDS with Autothrottle, air data equipment,  Integrated Standby Units (“ISU”), ISU with Autothrottle and advanced Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receivers that enable reduced carbon footprint navigation.

The Company has continued to position itself as a system integrator, which capability provides the Company with the potential to generate more substantive orders over a broader product base. The strategy, as both a manufacturer and integrator, is designed to leverage the latest technologies developed for the computer and telecommunications industries into advanced and cost-effective solutions for the general aviation, commercial air transport, United States Department of Defense (“DoD”)/governmental and foreign military markets.  This approach, combined with the Company’s industry experience, is designed to enable IS&S to develop high-quality products and systems, to reduce product time to market, and to achieve cost advantages over products offered by its competitors.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of Company management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 is derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, including in terms of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (the "COVID-19 pandemic"), which cannot be determined at this time. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and a national emergency by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, has caused and is continuing to cause business slowdowns and shutdowns and turmoil in the financial markets both in the United States and abroad. IS&S is monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, including how it has impacted and will impact the Company's employees, customers, suppliers and distribution channels. Through the first three quarters of 2020, the Company has not yet seen a material impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, financial position, liquidity, or ability to service customers or maintain critical operations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quarantines and other governmental and non‑governmental restrictions which have been imposed throughout the world in an effort to contain or mitigate the spread of the coronavirus, has caused and is continuing to cause significant market turbulence and disruption that may continue for some time even after business restrictions are lifted and the threat of the coronavirus diminishes. As a result, the Company expects that it may face liquidity shortages, weaker product demand from its customers, disruptions in its supply chain, and/or staffing shortages in its workforce for the foreseeable future due to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Use of Estimates

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, long term contracts, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liabilities, income taxes, engineering and material costs on Engineering Development Contracts (“EDC”) programs, percentage-of-completion on EDC, recoverability of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation expense, self-insurance reserves, and contingencies. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Highly liquid investments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 consist of cash on deposit and cash invested in money market funds with financial institutions. 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (the lesser of three to seven years or over the lease term), except for the manufacturing facility and the corporate airplanes, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of thirty-nine years and ten years, respectively. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows: 

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

· Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

· Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

· Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

· Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.  These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, according to the valuation techniques the Company used to determine their fair values.

	Fair Value Measurement on June 30, 2020
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,585,860	$	—	$	—
	Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2019
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,450,242	$	—	$	—

Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, “Property,Plant and Equipment.” This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of should be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to estimated future cash flows expected to result from use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows.  No impairment charges were recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019. 

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers that, in general, provide for the Company to design, develop, manufacture and deliver large flat-panel display systems, flight information computers, autothrottles and advanced monitoring systems that measure and display critical flight information, including data relative to aircraft separation, airspeed, altitude, and engine and fuel data measurements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers, and contains principles to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The model supersedes most previous revenue recognition guidance, and also requires enhanced revenue-related disclosures. Under the new standard and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”), revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized will reflect the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1)Identify the contract with a customer

The Company’s contract with its customers typically is the form of a purchase order issued to the Company by its customers and, to a lesser degree, in the form of purchase order issued in connection with a formal contract executed with a customer. For purpose of accounting for revenue under ASC 606, a contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2)Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Most of our revenue is derived from purchases under which we provide a specific product or service and, as a result, there is only one performance obligation. In the event that a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, such as an EDC contract which includes both engineering services and a resulting product shipment, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. In these cases, the Company considers whether the customer could, on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties, produce the physical product using only the output resulting from the Company’s completion of engineering services. If the customer cannot produce the physical product, then the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

3)Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of the Company's contracts as of June 30, 2020 included variable consideration.

4)Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions as well as the cost of the goods or services and the Company’s normal margins for similar performance obligations.

5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time is typically recognized at the time of shipment of products to the customer and accounted for 93.1% and 97.1% of our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 95.9% and 93.5% of our revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The remaining revenue results from EDC contracts and is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Contract costs include material, components and third-party avionics purchased from suppliers, direct labor, and overhead costs.

At June 30, 2020, we had $6,518,469 of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize the majority of our remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining balance recognized thereafter.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for performance obligations in long-term contracts that are satisfied over time involves the use of various techniques to estimate progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company typically measures progress based on costs incurred compared to estimated total contract costs. Contract cost estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span more than a single year. These assumptions include the amount of labor and labor costs, the quantity and cost of raw materials used in the completion of the performance obligation, and the complexity of the work to be performed.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance is recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates did not change our revenue and operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) for the three-  and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020. Therefore, no adjustment on any contract was material to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three-  and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020.

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

ASC 606 permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, and the adoption resulted in no adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings as of the adoption date and there were no significant changes in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. Additionally, there was no change to the Company’s assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operations.

Contract Balances

Contract assets consist of the right to consideration in exchange for product offerings that we have transferred to a customer under the contract. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received in advance of performance under the contract. The following table reflects the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities:

	Contract		Contract
	Assets		Liabilities
September 30, 2019	$	80,182	$	29,231
Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets		(80,182)		—
Contract asset additions		—		—
Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period		—		(28,781)
Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations		—		105,891
June 30, 2020	$	—	$	106,341

Customer Service Revenue

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers for the repair or upgrade of its various products that are not under warranty. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales are included in product sales and product cost of sales, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer Service Sales	$	906,662	$	1,059,528	$	3,302,346	$	2,535,576
Customer Service Cost of Sales		320,428		353,348		1,072,397		982,313
Gross Profit	$	586,234	$	706,180	$	2,229,949	$	1,553,263

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which utilizes a balance sheet approach to provide for income taxes.  Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and expected benefits of utilizing net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled, and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company prepares an estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and applies that annual effective income tax rate to ordinary year-to-date pre-tax income for the interim period. Specific tax items discrete to a particular quarter are recorded in income tax expense for that quarter. The estimated annual effective tax rate used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis may change in subsequent periods.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be verified objectively, and significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required by considering available evidence. Deferred tax assets are recognized when expected future taxable income is sufficient to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes that would otherwise be payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and credit carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years, and tax planning strategies which are both prudent and feasible. The Company’s current balance of the deferred tax valuation allowance is recorded against all of its federal and state deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to assess all available evidence during future periods to evaluate any changes to the realization of its deferred tax assets. If the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize additional federal or state deferred tax assets in the future, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  The Company records a liability for the difference between the (i) benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and (ii) the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return.  To the extent that the Company’s assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.  The Company has elected to record any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company records a liability when it is probable that there will be an assessment. The Company adjusts the estimates periodically as a result of ongoing examinations by and settlements with the various taxing authorities, and changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. The consolidated tax provision of any given year includes adjustments to prior years’ income tax accruals that are considered appropriate, and any related estimated interest. Management believes that it has made adequate accruals for income taxes. Differences between estimated and actual amounts determined upon ultimate resolution, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations or cash flow of any one period.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which made broad and complex changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent; (2) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (3) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (4) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (5) the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction; and (6) limitations on NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income. 

The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, we recorded a provisional adjustment to decrease deferred tax assets and liabilities with a corresponding net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $321,038 for the period ended December 31, 2017. This expense is offset fully by a change in the valuation allowance. We completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act as of the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act") was signed into law to provide emergency assistance to affected individuals, families, and businesses. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act amends the NOL provisions of the Tax Act, allowing for the carryback of losses arising in tax years beginning before December 31, 2017, to each of the two taxable years preceding the taxable year of loss. An estimated $1,500,000 of pre-tax NOL will be carried back two years to fully offset taxable income. This carryback frees up previously utilized R&D credits, resulting in an estimated increase in R&D credit carryforward of $196,000. The carryback will create approximately $16,000 of AMT tax, which will be refunded. The cash impact of this carryback is $309,412. An income tax receivable was recorded for $310,135 as of the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Engineering Development

The Company invests a large percentage of its sales on engineering development, both Research and Development (“R&D”) and EDC. At June 30, 2020, approximately 24% of the Company’s employees were engineers engaged in various engineering development projects.  Total engineering development expense comprises  both internally funded R&D and product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts.  Engineering development expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in EDC projects, engineering related product materials and equipment, and subcontracting costs.  R&D charges incurred for product design, product enhancements, and future product development are expensed as incurred.  Product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts are charged to cost of sales-EDC based on estimated progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation under ASC 606.

Treasury Stock

We account for treasury stock purchased under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of shareholders’ equity.  Treasury stock purchased with intent to retire (whether or not the retirement is actually accomplished) is charged to common stock.

Comprehensive Income

Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” the Company is required to classify items of other comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and display the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of its condensed consolidated balance sheets.  For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, comprehensive income consisted of net income only, and there were no items of other comprehensive income for any of the periods presented. 

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation under FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which requires the Company to measure the cost of employee or non-employee director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model. The Company recognizes such cost over the period during which an employee or non-employee director is required to provide service in exchange for the award. 

Warranty

The Company offers warranties on some products of various lengths; however the standard warranty period is twenty-four months. Our standard warranties typically only cover repairs of product defects and, although the Company offers extended warranties, there have been no sales of extended warranties to date. As a result, none of the Company's warranties represent performance obligations under ASC 606. At the time of shipment, the Company establishes a reserve for estimated costs of warranties based on its best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims using historical data on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The length of the warranty period, the product’s failure rates, and the customer’s usage affect warranty cost. If actual warranty costs differ from the Company’s estimated amounts, future results of operations could be affected adversely.  Warranty cost is recorded as cost of sales, and the reserve balance recorded as an accrued expense.  While the Company maintains product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related corrective costs.  If actual product failure rates and/or corrective costs differ from the estimates, the Company revises the estimated warranty liability accordingly. 

Self-Insurance Reserves

Since January 1, 2014, the Company has self-insured a significant portion of its employee medical insurance. The Company maintains a stop-loss insurance policy that limits its losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are estimated based upon actuarial assumptions such as historical claims experience and demographic factors. The Company estimated the total medical claims incurred but not reported,  and the Company believes that it has adequate reserves for these claims at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. However, the actual value of such claims could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions. At June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the estimated liability for medical claims incurred but not reported was approximately $49,460 and $55,700, respectively. The Company has recorded the excess of funded premiums over estimated claims incurred but not reported of approximately $195,729 and $123,100 as a current asset in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. 

Concentrations

Major Customers and Products

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, two customers, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd (“Pilatus"), and Kalitta Air ("Kalitta"), accounted for 36.6% and 10.9% of net sales, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020,  two customers, Pilatus, and Kalitta accounted for 35.5% and 12.9%, respectively, of net sales.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, one customer, Pilatus accounted for 32% of net sales. During the nine months ended June 30, 2019, two customers, Pilatus, and Air Transport Services Group Inc. accounted for  29% and 15%, respectively, of net sales.

Major Suppliers

The Company buys several of its components from sole source suppliers. Although there are a limited number of suppliers of particular components, management believes other suppliers could provide similar components on comparable terms.

For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company had four and three suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for greater than  10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

For the three- and nine- month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company had three suppliers and  two suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for  greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash where preservation of principal is the major consideration. Cash balances are maintained with two major banks. Balances on deposit with certain money market accounts and operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company’s customer base consists principally of companies within the aviation industry. The Company requests advance payments and/or letters of credit from customers that it considers to be credit risks.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, "Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606," to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the impact resulting from the adoption of ASC 606.

On October 1, 2019, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) as modified, which replaces existing lease accounting guidance. This pronouncement is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record "right-of-use" assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases. Expenses associated with leases continue to be recognized in a manner similar to previous accounting guidance. We adopted this pronouncement utilizing the transition practical expedient added by the FASB, which eliminated the requirement that entities apply the new lease standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. This adoption approach will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. At adoption, we recognized a right-to-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $130,018 on our consolidated balance sheet. Additional required disclosures have been included with Note 7, “Leases,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Such adoption did not have an impact on our liquidity or results of operations.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for SEC small business filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Management is currently assessing the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosures on fair value measurements by removing the requirement to disclose the amount and reason for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the policy for timing of such transfers. ASU 2018-13 expands the disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements, primarily focused on changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. For public entities, the standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures and adoption of the additional disclosures can be delayed until the effective date. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable.

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

2. Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or net realizable value, net of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory, and consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	3,681,929	$	3,408,742
Work-in-process		761,060		775,770
Finished goods		266,353		286,182
	$	4,709,342	$	4,470,694

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Prepaid insurance	$	389,078	$	302,376
Income tax receivable		301,519		—
Other		417,126		339,673
	$	1,107,723	$	642,049

Property and equipment

Property and equipment, net consists of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Computer equipment	$	2,297,125	$	2,285,152
Corporate airplanes		5,601,039		5,601,039
Furniture and office equipment		1,031,099		1,033,779
Manufacturing facility		5,733,313		5,733,313
Equipment		5,678,035		5,635,134
Land		1,021,245		1,021,245
		21,361,856		21,309,662
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(13,136,124)		(12,864,970)
	$	8,225,732	$	8,444,692

Depreciation  and amortization related to property and equipment was approximately $92,330 and $103,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  The corporate airplanes are utilized primarily in support of product development. The Pilatus PC-12 airplane, one of the Company’s two corporate airplanes, has been depreciated to its estimated salvage value.

Depreciation and amortization related to property and equipment was approximately $286,584 and $321,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Other assets

Other assets consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $555,837 and $551,037 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively	$	44,400	$	49,200
Operating lease right-of-use asset		66,201		—
Other non-current assets		94,675		104,841
	$	205,276	$	154,041

Intangible assets consist of licensing and certification rights which are amortized over a defined number of units.  No impairment charges were recorded in the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Intangible asset amortization expense was approximately $0 and $3,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Intangible asset amortization expense was approximately $4,800 and $15,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The timing of future amortization expense is not determinable because the intangible assets are being amortized over a defined number of units.

Other non-current assets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 include the security deposit for an airplane hangar and a deposit for medical claims required under the Company’s medical plan. In addition, other non-current assets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 includes $19,375 and $29,541, respectively, of prepaid software licenses that will be earned upon the shipment of a certain product to a customer. Other non-current assets amortization expense was approximately $4,067 and $3,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Other non-current assets amortization expense was approximately $10,166 and $7,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Warranty	$	580,049	$	606,680
Salary, benefits and payroll taxes		500,835		212,322
Professional fees		129,997		153,298
Operating lease		63,960		—
Other		231,949		138,618
	$	1,506,790	$	1,110,918

Warranty cost and accrual information for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 is highlighted below:

	Three Months Ending		Nine Months Ending
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2020
Warranty accrual, beginning of period	$	573,412	$	606,680
Accrued expense		32,023		72,998
Warranty cost		(25,386)		(99,629)
Warranty accrual, end of period	$	580,049	$	580,049

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

3. Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Act, which made broad and complex changes to the Code, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent; (2) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (3) elimination of the corporate AMT and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (4) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (5) the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction; and (6) limitations on the use of NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income.

Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by the Company in accordance with the authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted and the effects are recorded as a component of the provision for income taxes from continuing operations.

The Tax Act made significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system, including reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also eliminated the previous carryback period for NOLs of two years and permits an indefinite carryforward period.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the CARES Act was signed into law to provide emergency assistance to affected individuals, families, and businesses. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act amends the NOL provisions of the Tax Act, allowing for the carryback of losses arising in tax years beginning before December 31, 2017, to each of the two taxable years preceding the taxable year of loss. An estimated $1,500,000 of pre-tax NOL will be carried back two years to fully offset taxable income. This carryback frees up previously utilized R&D credits, resulting in an estimated increase in R&D credit carryforward of $196,000. The carryback will create approximately $16,000 of AMT tax, which will be refunded. The cash impact of this carryback is $309,412. An income tax receivable was recorded for $310,135 as of the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

The income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was $8,616 as compared to an income tax expense of $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 was 0.7% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to an increase in the NOL usage due to an increase in pretax book income and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $243,000.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 was 0% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the three months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $565,000.

The income tax benefit for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was $300,786 as compared to an income tax expense of $7,794 for the nine months ended June 30, 2019.

The effective tax benefit rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 was 17.4% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to the income tax benefit associated with the NOL carryback provisions under the CARES Act and the release of the valuation allowance. This loss utilization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2020, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $437,000.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2019 was 0.9% and differs from the statutory tax rate primarily due to net operating loss realization. This loss realization both decreased the deferred tax asset and the valuation allowance. For the nine months ended June 30, 2019, the valuation allowance decreased by approximately $811,000.

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Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Payments

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Payments

Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Payments

4. Shareholders’ Equity and Share-Based Payments

At June 30, 2020, the Company’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation provides the Company authority to issue 75,000,000 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock.

Share-Based compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation under the provisions of ASC Topic 718 by using the fair value method for expensing stock options and stock awards.

Total compensation expense was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $159,992 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company has two share-based compensation plans, the 2009 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”), which the shareholders approved on March 12, 2009, and the 2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which the shareholders approved on April 2, 2019. The 2009 Plan terminated on January 20, 2019 with respect to the grant of any new awards.

2009 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The 2009 Plan authorized the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards.  Options granted under the 2009 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in section 422 of the Code, or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”).

Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2009 Plan was 1,200,000, all of which could be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options.  In addition, the 2009 Plan provided that no more than 300,000 shares may be awarded in any calendar year to any employee as a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code.

If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and type of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2009 Plan, the number and type of shares of common stock available under the 2009 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award, provided that no adjustment may be made that would adversely affect the status of any award that is intended to be a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles, provided that no adjustment may be made that would adversely affect the status of any award that is intended to be a performance-based award under Section 162(m) of the Code, unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee.

Total compensation expense related to options issued to employees under the 2009 Plan was $0 for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The compensation expense under the 2009 Plan related to shares issued to non-employee members of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and approximately $0 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total compensation expense associated with the 2009 Plan was approximately $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $0 and $203,386 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

2019 Stock-Based Incentive Compensation Plan

The 2019 Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, options and other equity-based awards. Options granted under the 2019 Plan may be either “incentive stock options” as defined in section 422 of the Code or nonqualified stock options, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

Subject to an adjustment necessary upon a stock dividend, recapitalization, forward split or reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase or share exchange, extraordinary or unusual cash distribution, or similar corporate transaction or event, the maximum number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan is 750,000, plus 139,691 shares of common stock that were authorized but unissued under the 2009 Plan as of the effective date of the 2019 Plan (i.e., April 2, 2019), all of which may be issued pursuant to awards of incentive stock options. In addition, the 2019 Plan provides that no more than 300,000 shares may be awarded in any calendar year to any employee. As of June 30, 2020, there were 816,635  shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan.

If any award is forfeited, terminates or otherwise is settled for any reason without an actual distribution of shares to the participant, the related shares of common stock subject to such award will again be available for future grant. Any shares tendered by a participant in payment of the exercise price of an option or the tax liability with respect to an award (including, in any case, shares withheld from any such award) will not be available for future grant under the 2019 Plan. If there is any change in the Company’s corporate capitalization, the Compensation Committee must proportionately and equitably adjust the number and kind of shares of common stock which may be issued in connection with future awards, the number and kind of shares of common stock covered by awards then outstanding under the 2019 Plan, the aggregate number and kind of shares of common stock available under the 2019 Plan, any applicable individual limits on the number of shares of common stock available for awards under the 2019 Plan, the exercise or grant price of any award, or if deemed appropriate, make provision for a cash payment with respect to any outstanding award. In addition, the Compensation Committee may make adjustments in the terms and conditions of any awards, including any performance goals, in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any subsidiary, or in response to changes in applicable laws, regulations, or accounting principles.

Total compensation expense related to options issued to employees under the 2019 Plan was $0 for each of the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. The compensation expense under the 2019 Plan related to shares issued to non-employee members of the Board was $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and approximately $159,992 and $0 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total compensation expense associated with the 2019 Plan was approximately $0 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and approximately $159,992 and $0 for the nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

5. Earnings Per Share

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,259,858	$	511,259	$	2,025,871	$	853,179
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares		16,952,973		16,880,341		16,931,049		16,860,503
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		134,302		98,302		166,365		37,818
Diluted weighted average shares		17,087,275		16,978,643		17,097,414		16,898,321
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05
Diluted EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05

Earnings per share (“EPS”) are calculated pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Basic EPS excludes potentially dilutive securities and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS is computed assuming the conversion or exercise of all dilutive securities such as employee stock options.

The number of incremental shares from the assumed exercise of stock options is calculated by using the treasury stock method. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, there were  548,500 and 550,834 options to purchase common stock outstanding, respectively. The average outstanding diluted shares calculation excludes options with an exercise price that exceeds the average market price of shares during the period.

For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, 0 and 250,000 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, 0 and 367,223 diluted weighted-average shares outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Contingencies

Contingencies

6. Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is at times subject to various legal proceedings and claims. The Company does not believe any such matters that are currently pending will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material effect on the results of operations or financial position.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases

Leases

7. Leases

On October 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2016-02.  This pronouncement requires lessees to record "right-of-use" assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases.  We adopted this pronouncement utilizing the transition practical expedient which eliminated the requirement that entities apply the new lease standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. 

As part of our adoption, we elected to utilize the package of practical expedients permitted under the new standard, which allowed us to not reassess: (a) whether an existing contract is or contains a lease, (b) the classification for existing leases and (c) initial direct costs. Further, as permitted by the standard, we made an accounting policy election not to record right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less. Instead, consistent with previous accounting guidance, we will recognize payments for such leases in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We lease real estate and equipment under various operating leases. A lease exists when a contract or part of a contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. In determining whether a lease exists, we consider whether a contract provides us with both: (a) the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset and (b) the right to direct the use of the identified asset.

Some of our leases include base rental periods coupled with options to renew or terminate the lease, generally at our discretion. In evaluating the lease term, we consider whether we are reasonably certain to exercise such options. To the extent a significant economic incentive exists to exercise an option, that option is included within the lease term. However, based on the nature of our lease arrangements, options generally do not provide us with a significant economic incentive and are therefore excluded from the lease term for the majority of our arrangements.

Our leases typically include a combination of fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments are generally included when measuring the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Variable payments, which primarily represent payments based on usage of the underlying asset, are generally excluded from such measurement and expensed as incurred. In addition, certain of our lease arrangements may contain a lease coupled with an arrangement to provide other services, such as maintenance, or may require us to make other payments on behalf of the lessor related to the leased asset, such as payments for taxes or insurance. As permitted by ASC 842, we have elected to account for these non-lease components together with the associated lease component if included in the lease payments.  This election has been made for each of our asset classes.

The measurement of "right-of-use" assets and lease liabilities requires us to estimate appropriate discount rates. To the extent the rate implicit in the lease is readily determinable, such rate is utilized.  However, based on information available at lease commencement for our leases, the rate implicit in the lease is not known. In these instances, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate, which represents the rate of interest that we would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term.

The following table presents the lease-related assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2020:

Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on June 30, 2020
Assets
Operating leases	Other assets	$	66,201
Liabilities
Operating leases- current	Accrued expenses	$	63,960
Operating leases – noncurrent	Other liabilities	$	2,241
Total lease liabilities		$	66,201

Rent expense and cash paid for various operating leases in aggregate are $21,952 and $42,918 for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020.  The weighted average remaining lease term is 1.1 years and the weighted average discount rate is 5.0% as of June 30, 2020.

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases are as follows at June 30, 2020:

	Twelve Months
	Ending	Operating
	June 30,	Leases
	2021	$	67,494
	2022		2,446
Total minimum lease payments		$	69,940
Amount representing interest			(3,739)
Present value of minimum lease payments			66,201
Current portion			(63,960)
Long-term portion of lease obligations		$	2,241

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of Company management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 is derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, including in terms of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic (the "COVID-19 pandemic"), which cannot be determined at this time. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2019.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing global outbreak of coronavirus, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020 and a national emergency by the President of the United States on March 13, 2020, has caused and is continuing to cause business slowdowns and shutdowns and turmoil in the financial markets both in the United States and abroad. IS&S is monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, including how it has impacted and will impact the Company's employees, customers, suppliers and distribution channels. Through the first three quarters of 2020, the Company has not yet seen a material impact from the COVID-19 pandemic on its business, financial position, liquidity, or ability to service customers or maintain critical operations. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the quarantines and other governmental and non‑governmental restrictions which have been imposed throughout the world in an effort to contain or mitigate the spread of the coronavirus, has caused and is continuing to cause significant market turbulence and disruption that may continue for some time even after business restrictions are lifted and the threat of the coronavirus diminishes. As a result, the Company expects that it may face liquidity shortages, weaker product demand from its customers, disruptions in its supply chain, and/or staffing shortages in its workforce for the foreseeable future due to the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The Company prepares its condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, long term contracts, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liabilities, income taxes, engineering and material costs on Engineering Development Contracts (“EDC”) programs, percentage-of-completion on EDC, recoverability of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation expense, self-insurance reserves, and contingencies. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Highly liquid investments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019 consist of cash on deposit and cash invested in money market funds with financial institutions.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (the lesser of three to seven years or over the lease term), except for the manufacturing facility and the corporate airplanes, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of thirty-nine years and ten years, respectively. Major additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows: 

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

· Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

· Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

· Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

· Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.  These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, according to the valuation techniques the Company used to determine their fair values.

	Fair Value Measurement on June 30, 2020
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,585,860	$	—	$	—
	Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2019
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,450,242	$	—	$	—

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, “Property,Plant and Equipment.” This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of should be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to estimated future cash flows expected to result from use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows.  No impairment charges were recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2020 or 2019.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers that, in general, provide for the Company to design, develop, manufacture and deliver large flat-panel display systems, flight information computers, autothrottles and advanced monitoring systems that measure and display critical flight information, including data relative to aircraft separation, airspeed, altitude, and engine and fuel data measurements.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which provides a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers, and contains principles to determine the measurement of revenue and timing of when it is recognized. The model supersedes most previous revenue recognition guidance, and also requires enhanced revenue-related disclosures. Under the new standard and its related amendments (collectively known as “ASC 606”), revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized will reflect the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers.

The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle. In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. To achieve this core principle, the Company applies the following five steps:

1)Identify the contract with a customer

The Company’s contract with its customers typically is the form of a purchase order issued to the Company by its customers and, to a lesser degree, in the form of purchase order issued in connection with a formal contract executed with a customer. For purpose of accounting for revenue under ASC 606, a contract with a customer exists when (i) the Company enters into an enforceable contract with a customer that defines each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred and identifies the payment terms related to these goods or services, (ii) the contract has commercial substance and, (iii) the Company determines that collection of substantially all consideration for goods or services that are transferred is probable based on the customer’s intent and ability to pay the promised consideration. The Company applies judgment in determining the customer’s ability and intention to pay, which is based on a variety of factors including the customer’s historical payment experience or, in the case of a new customer, published credit and financial information pertaining to the customer.

2)Identify the performance obligations in the contract

Performance obligations promised in a contract are identified based on the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer that are both capable of being distinct, whereby the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties or from the Company, and are distinct in the context of the contract, whereby the transfer of the goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. Most of our revenue is derived from purchases under which we provide a specific product or service and, as a result, there is only one performance obligation. In the event that a contract includes multiple promised goods or services, such as an EDC contract which includes both engineering services and a resulting product shipment, the Company must apply judgment to determine whether promised goods or services are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. In these cases, the Company considers whether the customer could, on its own or together with other resources that are readily available from third parties, produce the physical product using only the output resulting from the Company’s completion of engineering services. If the customer cannot produce the physical product, then the promised goods or services are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.

3)Determine the transaction price

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the expected value method or the most likely amount method depending on the nature of the variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. None of the Company's contracts as of June 30, 2020 included variable consideration.

4)Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract

If the contract contains a single performance obligation, the entire transaction price is allocated to the single performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions as well as the cost of the goods or services and the Company’s normal margins for similar performance obligations.

5) Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation

The Company satisfies performance obligations either over time or at a point in time as discussed in further detail below. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time is typically recognized at the time of shipment of products to the customer and accounted for 93.1% and 97.1% of our revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Revenue from products transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for 95.9% and 93.5% of our revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The remaining revenue results from EDC contracts and is recognized over time using an input measure (e.g., costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion) to measure progress. Contract costs include material, components and third-party avionics purchased from suppliers, direct labor, and overhead costs.

At June 30, 2020, we had $6,518,469 of remaining performance obligations, which we also refer to as total backlog. We expect to recognize the majority of our remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months with the remaining balance recognized thereafter.

Contract Estimates

Accounting for performance obligations in long-term contracts that are satisfied over time involves the use of various techniques to estimate progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation. The Company typically measures progress based on costs incurred compared to estimated total contract costs. Contract cost estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that often span more than a single year. These assumptions include the amount of labor and labor costs, the quantity and cost of raw materials used in the completion of the performance obligation, and the complexity of the work to be performed.

As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of our contracts, we review and update our contract-related estimates regularly. We recognize adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance is recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss in the quarter it is identified.

The impact of adjustments in contract estimates on our operating earnings can be reflected in either operating costs and expenses or revenue. The aggregate impact of adjustments in contract estimates did not change our revenue and operating earnings (and diluted earnings per share) for the three-  and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020. Therefore, no adjustment on any contract was material to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three-  and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020.

Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606

ASC 606 permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application (modified retrospective method). The Company adopted ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method, and the adoption resulted in no adjustment to the Company’s retained earnings as of the adoption date and there were no significant changes in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. Additionally, there was no change to the Company’s assets or liabilities as of December 31, 2018 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 on October 1, 2018 compared to if the Company had continued to recognize revenues under previous guidance. The adoption of ASC 606 had no impact on the Company’s cash flows from operations.

Contract Balances

Contract assets consist of the right to consideration in exchange for product offerings that we have transferred to a customer under the contract. Contract liabilities primarily relate to consideration received in advance of performance under the contract. The following table reflects the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities:

	Contract		Contract
	Assets		Liabilities
September 30, 2019	$	80,182	$	29,231
Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets		(80,182)		—
Contract asset additions		—		—
Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period		—		(28,781)
Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations		—		105,891
June 30, 2020	$	—	$	106,341

Customer Service Revenue

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers for the repair or upgrade of its various products that are not under warranty. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales are included in product sales and product cost of sales, respectively, on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The Company’s customer service revenue and cost of sales for the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 respectively are as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer Service Sales	$	906,662	$	1,059,528	$	3,302,346	$	2,535,576
Customer Service Cost of Sales		320,428		353,348		1,072,397		982,313
Gross Profit	$	586,234	$	706,180	$	2,229,949	$	1,553,263

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which utilizes a balance sheet approach to provide for income taxes.  Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and expected benefits of utilizing net operating losses (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled, and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company prepares an estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and applies that annual effective income tax rate to ordinary year-to-date pre-tax income for the interim period. Specific tax items discrete to a particular quarter are recorded in income tax expense for that quarter. The estimated annual effective tax rate used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis may change in subsequent periods.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be verified objectively, and significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required by considering available evidence. Deferred tax assets are recognized when expected future taxable income is sufficient to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes that would otherwise be payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and credit carryforwards, taxable income in carryback years, and tax planning strategies which are both prudent and feasible. The Company’s current balance of the deferred tax valuation allowance is recorded against all of its federal and state deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to assess all available evidence during future periods to evaluate any changes to the realization of its deferred tax assets. If the Company were to determine that it would be able to realize additional federal or state deferred tax assets in the future, it would make an adjustment to the valuation allowance which would reduce the provision for income taxes.

The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.  The Company records a liability for the difference between the (i) benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and (ii) the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return.  To the extent that the Company’s assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made.  The Company has elected to record any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on the interpretation of tax laws and regulations, and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company records a liability when it is probable that there will be an assessment. The Company adjusts the estimates periodically as a result of ongoing examinations by and settlements with the various taxing authorities, and changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. The consolidated tax provision of any given year includes adjustments to prior years’ income tax accruals that are considered appropriate, and any related estimated interest. Management believes that it has made adequate accruals for income taxes. Differences between estimated and actual amounts determined upon ultimate resolution, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations or cash flow of any one period.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which made broad and complex changes to the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent; (2) bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property; (3) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) and changing how existing AMT credits can be realized; (4) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (5) the repeal of the domestic production activity deduction; and (6) limitations on NOLs generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income.

The Tax Act reduced the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, effective January 1, 2018. Consequently, we recorded a provisional adjustment to decrease deferred tax assets and liabilities with a corresponding net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $321,038 for the period ended December 31, 2017. This expense is offset fully by a change in the valuation allowance. We completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act as of the quarter ended December 31, 2018.

In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act") was signed into law to provide emergency assistance to affected individuals, families, and businesses. The CARES Act provides numerous tax provisions and other stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses. The CARES Act amends the NOL provisions of the Tax Act, allowing for the carryback of losses arising in tax years beginning before December 31, 2017, to each of the two taxable years preceding the taxable year of loss. An estimated $1,500,000 of pre-tax NOL will be carried back two years to fully offset taxable income. This carryback frees up previously utilized R&D credits, resulting in an estimated increase in R&D credit carryforward of $196,000. The carryback will create approximately $16,000 of AMT tax, which will be refunded. The cash impact of this carryback is $309,412. An income tax receivable was recorded for $310,135 as of the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Engineering Development

Engineering Development

The Company invests a large percentage of its sales on engineering development, both Research and Development (“R&D”) and EDC. At June 30, 2020, approximately 24% of the Company’s employees were engineers engaged in various engineering development projects.  Total engineering development expense comprises  both internally funded R&D and product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts.  Engineering development expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in EDC projects, engineering related product materials and equipment, and subcontracting costs.  R&D charges incurred for product design, product enhancements, and future product development are expensed as incurred.  Product development and design charges related to specific customer contracts are charged to cost of sales-EDC based on estimated progress towards satisfaction of the performance obligation under ASC 606.

Treasury Stock

Treasury Stock

We account for treasury stock purchased under the cost method and include treasury stock as a component of shareholders’ equity.  Treasury stock purchased with intent to retire (whether or not the retirement is actually accomplished) is charged to common stock.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income

Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income,” the Company is required to classify items of other comprehensive income by their nature in a financial statement and display the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of its condensed consolidated balance sheets.  For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, comprehensive income consisted of net income only, and there were no items of other comprehensive income for any of the periods presented.

Share-Based Compensation

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based compensation under FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which requires the Company to measure the cost of employee or non-employee director services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model. The Company recognizes such cost over the period during which an employee or non-employee director is required to provide service in exchange for the award.

Warranty

Warranty

The Company offers warranties on some products of various lengths; however the standard warranty period is twenty-four months. Our standard warranties typically only cover repairs of product defects and, although the Company offers extended warranties, there have been no sales of extended warranties to date. As a result, none of the Company's warranties represent performance obligations under ASC 606. At the time of shipment, the Company establishes a reserve for estimated costs of warranties based on its best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims using historical data on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The length of the warranty period, the product’s failure rates, and the customer’s usage affect warranty cost. If actual warranty costs differ from the Company’s estimated amounts, future results of operations could be affected adversely.  Warranty cost is recorded as cost of sales, and the reserve balance recorded as an accrued expense.  While the Company maintains product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related corrective costs.  If actual product failure rates and/or corrective costs differ from the estimates, the Company revises the estimated warranty liability accordingly.

Self-Insurance Reserves

Self-Insurance Reserves

Since January 1, 2014, the Company has self-insured a significant portion of its employee medical insurance. The Company maintains a stop-loss insurance policy that limits its losses both on a per employee basis and an aggregate basis. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are estimated based upon actuarial assumptions such as historical claims experience and demographic factors. The Company estimated the total medical claims incurred but not reported,  and the Company believes that it has adequate reserves for these claims at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively. However, the actual value of such claims could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions. At June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, the estimated liability for medical claims incurred but not reported was approximately $49,460 and $55,700, respectively. The Company has recorded the excess of funded premiums over estimated claims incurred but not reported of approximately $195,729 and $123,100 as a current asset in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Concentrations

Concentrations

Major Customers and Products

For the three months ended June 30, 2020, two customers, Pilatus Aircraft Ltd (“Pilatus"), and Kalitta Air ("Kalitta"), accounted for 36.6% and 10.9% of net sales, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2020,  two customers, Pilatus, and Kalitta accounted for 35.5% and 12.9%, respectively, of net sales.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019, one customer, Pilatus accounted for 32% of net sales. During the nine months ended June 30, 2019, two customers, Pilatus, and Air Transport Services Group Inc. accounted for  29% and 15%, respectively, of net sales.

Major Suppliers

The Company buys several of its components from sole source suppliers. Although there are a limited number of suppliers of particular components, management believes other suppliers could provide similar components on comparable terms.

For the three- and nine-month periods ended June 30, 2020, the Company had four and three suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for greater than  10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

For the three- and nine- month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company had three suppliers and  two suppliers, respectively, that were individually responsible for  greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory related purchases.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash where preservation of principal is the major consideration. Cash balances are maintained with two major banks. Balances on deposit with certain money market accounts and operating accounts may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company’s customer base consists principally of companies within the aviation industry. The Company requests advance payments and/or letters of credit from customers that it considers to be credit risks.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 1, "Financial Statement Impact of Adopting ASC 606," to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the impact resulting from the adoption of ASC 606.

On October 1, 2019, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”) as modified, which replaces existing lease accounting guidance. This pronouncement is intended to provide enhanced transparency and comparability by requiring lessees to record "right-of-use" assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases. Expenses associated with leases continue to be recognized in a manner similar to previous accounting guidance. We adopted this pronouncement utilizing the transition practical expedient added by the FASB, which eliminated the requirement that entities apply the new lease standard to the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. This adoption approach will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. At adoption, we recognized a right-to-use asset and corresponding lease liability of $130,018 on our consolidated balance sheet. Additional required disclosures have been included with Note 7, “Leases,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Such adoption did not have an impact on our liquidity or results of operations.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 is effective for SEC small business filers for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Management is currently assessing the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement” (“ASU 2018-13”), which modifies the disclosures on fair value measurements by removing the requirement to disclose the amount and reason for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the policy for timing of such transfers. ASU 2018-13 expands the disclosure requirements for Level 3 fair value measurements, primarily focused on changes in unrealized gains and losses included in other comprehensive income. For public entities, the standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for any removed or modified disclosures and adoption of the additional disclosures can be delayed until the effective date. The Company does not currently expect the adoption of ASU 2018-13 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Schedule of financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis

	Fair Value Measurement on June 30, 2020
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,585,860	$	—	$	—
	Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2019
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	21,450,242	$	—	$	—

Summary of contract assets and contract liabilities balances

	Contract		Contract
	Assets		Liabilities
September 30, 2019	$	80,182	$	29,231
Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets		(80,182)		—
Contract asset additions		—		—
Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period		—		(28,781)
Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations		—		105,891
June 30, 2020	$	—	$	106,341

Schedule of customer service revenue and cost of sales

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Customer Service Sales	$	906,662	$	1,059,528	$	3,302,346	$	2,535,576
Customer Service Cost of Sales		320,428		353,348		1,072,397		982,313
Gross Profit	$	586,234	$	706,180	$	2,229,949	$	1,553,263

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures

Schedule of inventories

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Raw materials	$	3,681,929	$	3,408,742
Work-in-process		761,060		775,770
Finished goods		266,353		286,182
	$	4,709,342	$	4,470,694

Schedule of prepaid expenses and other current assets

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Prepaid insurance	$	389,078	$	302,376
Income tax receivable		301,519		—
Other		417,126		339,673
	$	1,107,723	$	642,049

Schedule of property and equipment, net

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Computer equipment	$	2,297,125	$	2,285,152
Corporate airplanes		5,601,039		5,601,039
Furniture and office equipment		1,031,099		1,033,779
Manufacturing facility		5,733,313		5,733,313
Equipment		5,678,035		5,635,134
Land		1,021,245		1,021,245
		21,361,856		21,309,662
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(13,136,124)		(12,864,970)
	$	8,225,732	$	8,444,692

Schedule of other assets

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $555,837 and $551,037 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively	$	44,400	$	49,200
Operating lease right-of-use asset		66,201		—
Other non-current assets		94,675		104,841
	$	205,276	$	154,041

Schedule of accrued expenses

	June 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019
Warranty	$	580,049	$	606,680
Salary, benefits and payroll taxes		500,835		212,322
Professional fees		129,997		153,298
Operating lease		63,960		—
Other		231,949		138,618
	$	1,506,790	$	1,110,918

Schedule of warranty cost and accrual information

	Three Months Ending		Nine Months Ending
	June 30, 2020		June 30, 2020
Warranty accrual, beginning of period	$	573,412	$	606,680
Accrued expense		32,023		72,998
Warranty cost		(25,386)		(99,629)
Warranty accrual, end of period	$	580,049	$	580,049

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Earnings Per Share

Schedule of earnings per share

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Nine Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,259,858	$	511,259	$	2,025,871	$	853,179
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares		16,952,973		16,880,341		16,931,049		16,860,503
Dilutive effect of share-based awards		134,302		98,302		166,365		37,818
Diluted weighted average shares		17,087,275		16,978,643		17,097,414		16,898,321
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05
Diluted EPS	$	0.07	$	0.03	$	0.12	$	0.05

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Leases

Schedule of lease-related assets and liabilities reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheet

Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet on June 30, 2020
Assets
Operating leases	Other assets	$	66,201
Liabilities
Operating leases- current	Accrued expenses	$	63,960
Operating leases – noncurrent	Other liabilities	$	2,241
Total lease liabilities		$	66,201

Schedule of future minimum lease payments under operating leases

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases are as follows at June 30, 2020:

	Twelve Months
	Ending	Operating
	June 30,	Leases
	2021	$	67,494
	2022		2,446
Total minimum lease payments		$	69,940
Amount representing interest			(3,739)
Present value of minimum lease payments			66,201
Current portion			(63,960)
Long-term portion of lease obligations		$	2,241

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 22, 2017	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) segment	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Number of business segments
Number of business segments in which the entity operates | segment					1
Long-Lived Assets
Impairment charges					$ 0	$ 0
Contract Balances
Balance at beginning of the period (contract assets)					80,182
Balance at beginning of the period (contract liabilities)					29,231
Amount transferred to receivables from contract assets					(80,182)
Performance obligations satisfied during the period that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period					(28,781)
Increases due to invoicing prior to satisfaction of performance obligations					105,891
Balance at end of the period (contract assets)			$ 0		0
Balance at end of the period (contract liabilities)			106,341		106,341
Customer Service Revenue
Customer Service Cost of Sales			2,559,016	$ 2,064,617	7,008,691	5,733,385
Gross profit			3,394,673	2,525,207	$ 8,291,491	7,037,216
Income Taxes
U.S. Federal statutory tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%	34.00%			21.00%
Net operating losses (as a percent)					80.00%
Deferred income tax expense							$ 321,038
Engineering Development
Percentage of employees who were engineers engaged in various engineering development projects					24.00%
Warranty
Length of warranty period					24 months
Self-Insurance Reserves
Estimated liability for medical claims incurred but not reported			49,460		$ 49,460			$ 55,700
Excess of funded premiums over estimated claims incurred but not reported			195,729		195,729			$ 123,100
Customer Service
Customer Service Revenue
Customer Service Sales			906,662	1,059,528	3,302,346	2,535,576
Customer Service Cost of Sales			320,428	353,348	1,072,397	982,313
Gross profit			$ 586,234	$ 706,180	$ 2,229,949	$ 1,553,263
Property and equipment except manufacturing facility and the corporate airplane | Minimum
Number of business segments
Estimated useful lives					3 years
Property and equipment except manufacturing facility and the corporate airplane | Maximum
Number of business segments
Estimated useful lives					7 years
Manufacturing facility
Number of business segments
Estimated useful lives					39 years
Corporate airplanes
Number of business segments
Estimated useful lives					10 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Fair value on a recurring basis | Quoted Price in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Money market funds
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 21,585,860	$ 21,450,242

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Recognition (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue, remaining performance obligations
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Optional Exemption, Performance Obligation [true false]			true
Percentage of revenue from products to customer	93.10%	97.10%	95.90%	93.50%
Remaining performance obligations	$ 6,518,469		$ 6,518,469
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Revenue, remaining performance obligations
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation,Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months		12 months

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentration Risk (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 customer item	Jun. 30, 2019 customer item	Jun. 30, 2020 customer item	Jun. 30, 2019 customer item
Concentration of Credit Risk
Number of banks for maintenance of cash balances	2		2
Net sales | Major Customers and Products
Concentrations
Number of major customers | customer	2	1	2	2
Net sales | Major Customers and Products | Pilatus Aircraft Ltd ("Pilatus")
Concentrations
Concentration of risk (as a percent)	36.60%	32.00%		29.00%
Net sales | Major Customers and Products | Empresa Nacional de Aeronautica
Concentrations
Concentration of risk (as a percent)	10.90%
Net sales | Major Customers and Products | Air Transport Services Group
Concentrations
Concentration of risk (as a percent)			35.50%	15.00%
Net sales | Major Customers and Products | Deutsche Post DHL Group
Concentrations
Concentration of risk (as a percent)			12.90%
Inventory | Major Suppliers
Concentrations
Concentration of risk (as a percent)	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Number of major suppliers	4	2	3	2

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Impact of COVID-19 (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Income tax receivable		$ 301,519
COVID-19
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Net operating loss	$ 1,500,000
Alternate minimum tax	16,000
Cash impact of the NOL carrryback	309,412
Income tax receivable	310,135
R&D | COVID-19
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Tax Credit carryforwards	$ 196,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - New Accounting Pronouncements (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Oct. 01, 2019
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset	$ 66,201
Operating lease liabilities	$ 66,201
2016-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Operating lease right-of-use asset		$ 130,018
Operating lease liabilities		$ 130,018

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures - Inventories and Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Inventory valuation
Raw materials	$ 3,681,929	$ 3,408,742
Work-in-process	761,060	775,770
Finished goods	266,353	286,182
Inventories	4,709,342	4,470,694
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Prepaid insurance	389,078	302,376
Income tax receivable	301,519
Other	417,126	339,673
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 1,107,723	$ 642,049

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures - Property and Equipment (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) aircraft	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	$ 21,361,856		$ 21,361,856		$ 21,309,662
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(13,136,124)		(13,136,124)		(12,864,970)
Property and equipment, net	8,225,732		8,225,732		8,444,692
Depreciation and amortization for property and equipment	92,330	$ 103,000	286,584	$ 321,000
Other assets
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $555,837 and $551,037 at June 30, 2020 and September 30, 2019, respectively	44,400		44,400		49,200
Operating lease right-of-use asset	66,201		66,201
Other non-current assets	94,675		94,675		104,841
Total other assets	205,276		205,276		154,041
Accumulated amortization of intangible assets	555,837		555,837		551,037
Impairment charges			0	0
Intangible asset amortization expense	0	3,000	4,800	15,000
Prepaid software licenses	19,375		19,375		29,541
Computer equipment
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	2,297,125		2,297,125		2,285,152
Corporate airplanes
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	5,601,039		$ 5,601,039		5,601,039
Number of airplanes depreciated | aircraft			2
Pilatus PC-12
Property and equipment
Number of airplanes depreciated | aircraft			1
Furniture and office equipment
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	1,031,099		$ 1,031,099		1,033,779
Manufacturing facility
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	5,733,313		5,733,313		5,733,313
Equipment
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	5,678,035		5,678,035		5,635,134
Land
Property and equipment
Property and equipment, gross	1,021,245		1,021,245		$ 1,021,245
Prepaid software licenses
Other assets
Intangible asset amortization expense	$ 4,067	$ 3,000	$ 10,166	$ 7,000

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Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures - Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2019
Accrued expenses
Warranty	$ 580,049	$ 580,049	$ 580,049	$ 606,680
Salary, benefits and payroll taxes			500,835	212,322
Professional fees			129,997	153,298
Operating lease			63,960
Other			231,949	138,618
Total accrued expenses			$ 1,506,790	$ 1,110,918
Warranty cost and accrual information
Warranty accrual, beginning of period	573,412	606,680
Accrued expense	32,023	72,998
Warranty cost	(25,386)	(99,629)
Warranty accrual, end of period	$ 580,049	$ 580,049

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2018	Dec. 22, 2017	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Income Taxes
U.S. Federal statutory tax rate (as a percent)	21.00%	34.00%			21.00%
Net operating losses (as a percent)					80.00%
Net operating loss previous carryback period elimination					2 years
Income tax (benefit) expense			$ 8,616	$ 0	$ (300,786)	$ 7,794
Effective tax rate benefit (as a percent)			0.70%	0.00%	17.40%	0.90%
Change in valuation allowance			$ 243,000	$ 565,000		$ 811,000
Decrease in valuation allowance					$ (437,000)

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Income Taxes - Impact of COVID-19 (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Income tax receivable		$ 301,519
COVID-19
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Net operating loss	$ 1,500,000
Alternate minimum tax	16,000
Cash impact of the NOL carrryback	309,412
Income tax receivable	310,135
COVID-19 | R&D
Unusual or Infrequent Item, or Both [Line Items]
Tax Credit carryforwards	$ 196,000

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Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Payments (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) plan shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 shares
Share-Based compensation
Common stock, shares authorized	75,000,000		75,000,000		75,000,000
Preferred stock, shares authorized	10,000,000		10,000,000		10,000,000
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 159,992	$ 203,386
Number of share-based compensation plans maintained by the company | plan			2
2009 Plan
Share-Based compensation
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	0	$ 0	203,386
Number of shares of common stock reserved for awards	1,200,000		1,200,000
2009 Plan | Employee
Share-Based compensation
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
2009 Plan | Non-employee director
Share-Based compensation
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	0	$ 0	203,386
2009 Plan | Performance-based Award | Employee
Share-Based compensation
Number of shares of common stock reserved for awards	300,000		300,000
2019 Plan
Share-Based compensation
Common stock, shares authorized	139,691		139,691
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	0	$ 159,992	0
Number of shares of common stock reserved for awards	750,000		750,000
Number of shares of common stock available for awards under the plan	816,635		816,635
2019 Plan | Employee
Share-Based compensation
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Number of shares of common stock reserved for awards	300,000		300,000
2019 Plan | Non-employee director
Share-Based compensation
Share-based compensation expense | $	$ 0	$ 0	$ 159,992	$ 0

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Numerator:
Net income	$ 1,259,858	$ 438,105	$ 327,908	$ 511,259	$ 202,499	$ 139,421	$ 2,025,871	$ 853,179
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares	16,952,973			16,880,341			16,931,049	16,860,503
Dilutive effect of share-based awards	134,302			98,302			166,365	37,818
Diluted weighted average shares	17,087,275			16,978,643			17,097,414	16,898,321
Earnings per common share:
Basic EPS (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07			$ 0.03			$ 0.12	$ 0.05
Diluted EPS (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07			$ 0.03			$ 0.12	$ 0.05
Options to purchase common stock outstanding (in shares)	548,500			550,834			548,500	550,834
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding excluded from computation of diluted EPS (in shares)	0			250,000			0	367,223

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Leases (Details)	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Leases
Operating leases	$ 66,201	$ 66,201
Operating leases- current	63,960	63,960
Operating leases - noncurrent	2,241	2,241
Total lease liabilities	$ 66,201	$ 66,201
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Assets, Noncurrent	Other Assets, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued Liabilities, Current	Accrued Liabilities, Current
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent	Other Liabilities, Noncurrent
Operating leases expenses	$ 21,952	$ 42,918
Weighted average remaining lease term	1 year 1 month 6 days	1 year 1 month 6 days
Weighted average discount rate	5.00%	5.00%

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Leases - Future minimum lease payments (Details)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Leases
2021	$ 67,494
2022	2,446
Total minimum lease payments	69,940
Amount representing interest	(3,739)
Total lease liabilities	66,201
Current portion	(63,960)
Long-term portion of lease obligations	$ 2,241