1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of the Company

Innovative Solutions and Support, Inc. (the “Company” or “IS&S”) was incorporated in Pennsylvania on February 12, 1988. The Company operates in one business segment as a systems integrator that designs, manufactures, sells, and services flight guidance and cockpit display systems for original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and retrofit applications. The Company supplies integrated Flight Management Systems (“FMS”) and advanced Global Positioning System (“GPS”) receivers that enable reduced carbon footprint navigation. Customers include commercial air transport carriers and corporate/general/aviation companies, the Department of Defense (“DoD”) and its commercial contractors, aircraft operators, aircraft modification centers, foreign militaries, and various OEMs.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the disclosure requirements for the quarterly report on Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete annual financial statements. In the opinion of Company management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the results for the interim periods presented. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2012 is derived from audited financial statements. Operating results for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2013. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2012.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, the allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liability, income taxes, and contingencies. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Highly liquid investments, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less, are classified as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012 consist of funds invested in money market funds with financial institutions.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using an accelerated method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (the lesser of three to seven years or over the lease term), except for the corporate airplane and manufacturing facility, which are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of ten years and thirty-nine years, respectively. During fiscal 2013, no depreciation was provided for the airplane because it had been depreciated to its estimated salvage value. Major additions and improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the life of assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360-10, “Property, Plant and Equipment” (“ASC Topic 360-10”). This statement requires that long-lived assets be reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In addition, long-lived assets to be disposed of must be reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. The Company considers historical performance and future estimated results in its evaluation of potential impairment and then compares the carrying amount of the asset to estimated future cash flows expected to result from use of the asset. If the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the estimated expected undiscounted future cash flows, the Company measures the amount of the impairment by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to its fair value. The estimation of fair value is generally measured by discounting expected future cash flows. No impairment charges were recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2013 or 2012.

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into sales arrangements with customers that, in general, provide for the Company to design, develop, manufacture, and deliver large flat-panel display systems, flight information computers, and advanced monitoring systems that measure and display critical flight information, including data relative to aircraft separation, airspeed, altitude, and engine and fuel data measurements. The Company’s sales arrangements may include multiple deliverables as defined in FASB ASC Topic 605-25 “Multiple-Element Arrangements” (“ASC Topic 605-25”), which typically include design and engineering services, and the production and delivery of the flat panel display and related components. The Company includes any design and engineering development services elements in engineering development contracts (“EDC”) sales and any functional upgrade and product elements in product sales in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

To the extent that an arrangement contains software elements that are essential to the functionality of tangible products sold in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue for the deliverables in accordance with the guidance included in FASB Accounting Standards Update 2009-14, “Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements” (“ASU 2009-14”), FASB Accounting Standards Update 2009-13, “Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements—a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force” (“ASU 2009-13”) and FASB ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC Topic 605”).

To the extent that an arrangement contains software components, which include functional upgrades, that the Company sells on a standalone basis and which it has deemed outside the scope of the exception defined by ASU 2009-14, the Company recognizes software revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 985, “Software” (“ASC Topic 985”).

Multiple Element Arrangements

The Company identifies all goods and/or services that are to be delivered separately under such a sales arrangement and allocates sales to each deliverable (if more than one) based on that deliverable’s selling price. The Company then considers the appropriate recognition method for each deliverable. The Company’s multiple element arrangements can include defined design and development activities and/or functional upgrades, along with product sales.

The Company utilizes the selling price hierarchy that has been established by ASU 2009-13, which requires that the selling price for each deliverable be based on vendor-specific objective evidence if available, third-party evidence if vendor-specific objective evidence is not available, or estimated selling price if neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence is available. To the extent that an arrangement includes a deliverable for which estimated selling price is used, the Company determines the best estimate of selling price by applying the same pricing policies and methodologies that it would use to determine the price to sell the deliverable on a standalone basis.

To the extent that an arrangement contains defined design and engineering development activities as identified deliverables in addition to products (resulting in a multiple element arrangement), the Company recognizes as EDC sales amounts earned during the design and development phase of the contract following the guidance included in FASB ASC Topic 605-35, “Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts” (“ASC Topic 605-35”). To the extent that multiple element arrangements include product sales, sales are generally recognized once revenue recognition criteria for the product deliverables have been met based on the provisions of ASC Topic 605.

Single Element Arrangements

Products

To the extent that a single element arrangement provides for product sales and repairs, the Company recognizes sales when revenue recognition criteria for the product deliverables have been met based on the provisions of ASC Topic 605. The Company also receives orders for equipment and parts. Generally, revenues from the sale of such products are recognized upon shipment to customers.

The Company offers its customers extended warranties for additional fees. These warranty sales are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as sales on a straight-line basis over the warranty period.

Engineering Development Contracts

The Company may enter into contracts to perform specified design and engineering development services related to its products. The Company recognizes revenue from these arrangements as EDC sales, following the guidance included in ASC Topic 605-35, and considers the nature of these contracts (including term, size of contract, and level of effort) when determining the appropriate accounting treatment for a particular contract. Certain of these contracts are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting when the Company determines that progress toward completion is reasonably and reliably estimable, and the contract is long-term in nature. The Company uses the completed contract method for all others contracts. Sales and profit margins under the percentage-of-completion method are recorded based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs expected to be incurred related to the contract under the cost-to-cost method (for development effort).

The percentage-of-completion method of accounting requires the Company to estimate the profit margin for each individual contract or contract segment and to apply that profit margin on a uniform basis as sales are recorded under the contract. The estimation of profit margins requires the Company to make projections of the total sales to be generated and the total costs that will be incurred under a contract. These projections require the Company to make numerous assumptions and estimates relating to items such as the complexity of design and related development costs, performance of subcontractors, availability and cost of materials, engineering productivity, prototype costs, overhead costs and capital costs. These contracts sometimes include purchase options for additional quantities and for customer change orders for additional or revised product functionality. Revenues and costs related to profitable purchase options are included in the Company’s estimates only when the options are exercised, while revenues and costs related to unprofitable purchase options are included in the Company’s estimates when exercise is determined to be probable. Revenues related to change orders are included in profit estimates only if they can be reliably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. Purchase options and change orders are accounted for either as an integral part of the original contract, or separately depending upon the nature and value of the item, in the period in which any change order or purchase option becomes effective. Anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in full in the period in which losses become evident.

For contracts for which uncertainty regarding the performance against certain contract terms remains, and in which no loss is evident, the Company uses the zero profit margin approach to applying the percentage-of-completion method following the guidance included in ASC Topic 605-35.

Estimates of profit margins for contracts are reviewed by the Company on a quarterly basis. Assuming the initial estimates of revenues and costs under a contract are accurate, the percentage-of-completion method results in the profit margin being recorded evenly as revenue is recognized under the contract. Changes in these underlying estimates due to revisions in revenue and cost estimates or the exercise of contract options may result in profit margins being recognized unevenly over a contract as such changes are accounted for on a cumulative basis in the period in which the estimates are revised. Significant changes in estimates related to accounting for long-term contracts may have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in the period in which the revised estimates are made. Cumulative catch-up adjustments resulting from changes in estimates reduced operating income by $161,000 and $364,000 during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2013, respectively. There were no material cumulative catch-up adjustments which reduced operating income as a result of changes in estimates during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2012.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are recorded in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC Topic 740”), which utilizes a balance sheet approach to provide for income taxes. Under this method, the Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. The impact on deferred taxes of changes in tax rates and laws, if any, are applied to the years during which temporary differences are expected to be settled and are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period of enactment. At the end of each interim reporting period, the Company prepares an estimate of the annual effective income tax rate and applies that annual effective income tax rate to ordinary year-to-date pre-tax income for the interim period. Specific items discrete to a particular quarter are recorded in income tax expense for that quarter. The estimated annual effective tax rate used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis may change in subsequent interim periods.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by valuation allowances if, based on the consideration of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified, and significant management judgment is required in determining any valuation allowances recorded against net deferred tax assets. The Company evaluates deferred income taxes on a quarterly basis to determine if valuation allowances are required by considering available evidence. Deferred tax assets are recognized when expected future taxable income is sufficient to allow the related tax benefits to reduce taxes that would otherwise be payable. The sources of taxable income that may be available to realize the benefit of deferred tax assets are future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and credit carry-forwards, taxable income in carry-back years, and tax planning strategies which are both prudent and feasible. The current balance of the deferred tax valuation allowance relates principally to net operating losses (“NOL”) of certain state taxing jurisdictions. The Company believes that its estimate of future taxable income is inherently uncertain, and if its current or future operations generate losses, further adjustments to the valuation allowance are possible.

The accounting for uncertainty in income taxes requires a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company records a liability for the difference between the (i) benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and (ii) the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return. To the extent that the Company’s assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The Company has elected to record any interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

The Company files a consolidated United States federal income tax return. The Company prepares and files tax returns based on its interpretation of tax laws and regulations, and records estimates based on these judgments and interpretations. In the normal course of business, the tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future tax and interest assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company records a liability when it is probable that there will be an assessment. The Company adjusts the estimates periodically because of ongoing examinations by and settlements with the various taxing authorities, and changes in tax laws, regulations and precedent. The consolidated tax provision of any given year includes adjustments to prior years’ income tax accruals which are considered appropriate, and any related estimated interest. Management believes that adequate accruals have been made for income taxes. Differences between estimated and actual amounts determined upon ultimate resolution, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations or cash flows of any one period.

Engineering Development

The Company invests a large percentage of its revenues in EDC and in internal research and development (“R&D”). At June 30, 2013, approximately 47% of the Company’s employees were engaged in various engineering projects. IS&S invests a large percentage of its revenues in EDC and R&D projects to allow its customers to benefit from the latest technological advancements. Total engineering expense is comprised of both design and EDC related to specific customer contracts and R&D. EDC expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in engineering development projects, engineering related product materials and equipment, and subcontracting costs. R&D charges incurred for product design, product enhancements and future product development are expensed as incurred. EDC and design charges related to specific customer arrangements are charged to cost of sales-EDC based on the method of contract accounting (either percentage-of-completion or completed-contract) applicable to such contracts.

Comprehensive Income

Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income” (“ASC Topic 220”), the Company is required to classify items of other comprehensive income by their nature and to display the accumulated balance of other comprehensive income separately from retained earnings and additional paid-in capital in the equity section of its condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three and nine months ending June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, comprehensive income consisted of net income only. There were no items of other comprehensive income or accumulated other comprehensive income balances in the equity accounts for any of the periods presented.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The net carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. For financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, fair value is the price the Company would receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:

· Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

· Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;

· Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and

· Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions.

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012, according to the valuation techniques the Company used to determine their fair values.

	Fair Value Measurement on June 30, 2013
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	15,392,426	$	—	$	—

	Fair Value Measurement on September 30, 2012
	Quoted Price in		Significant Other		Significant
	Active Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
	(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	40,384,756	$	—	$	—

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under FASB ASC Topic 505-50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees” (“ASC Topic 505-50”) and FASB ASC Topic 718, “Stock Compensation” (“ASC Topic 718”), which require the Company to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award using an option pricing model. That cost is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.

Warranty

The Company offers warranties on some products of various lengths. At the time of shipment, the Company establishes a reserve for estimated costs of warranties based on its best estimate of the amounts necessary to settle future and existing claims using historical data on products sold as of the balance sheet date. The length of the warranty period, the product’s failure rates and the customer’s usage affect warranty cost. If actual warranty costs differ from the Company’s estimated amounts, future results of operations could be affected adversely. Warranty cost is recorded as cost of sales, and the reserve balance recorded as an accrued expense. While the Company maintains product quality programs and processes, its warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and the related corrective costs. If actual product failure rates and/or corrective costs differ from the estimates, the Company revises estimated warranty liability accordingly.

Concentrations

Major Customers and Products

For the three months ended June 30, 2013, three customers, Eclipse Aerospace, L3 Communications and FedEx, accounted for 29%, 10% and 10% of net sales, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2013, two customers, Eclipse Aerospace and American Airlines, accounted for 27%, and 14% of net sales, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2012, four customers, Eclipse Aerospace, FedEx, the US Department of Defense and Boeing accounted for 19%, 18%, 16% and 12% of net sales, respectively. During the nine months ended June 30, 2012, three customers, Eclipse Aerospace, FedEx and the National Nuclear Security Administration, accounted for 23%, 14% and 11% of net sales, respectively.

Major Suppliers

The Company buys several components from sole source suppliers. Although there are a limited number of manufacturers of particular components, the Company believes other suppliers could provide similar components on comparable terms.

For the three months ended June 30, 2013, the Company had three suppliers that were individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory purchases. For the nine months ended June 30, 2013 the Company had one supplier that was individually responsible for greater than 10% of the Company’s total inventory purchases.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash balances and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash where preservation of principal is the major consideration. The Company’s customer base consists principally of companies within the aviation industry. The Company requests advance payments and/or letters of credit from customers that it considers to be credit risks.

The Company maintained a reserve for doubtful accounts in the amount of $175,000 at June 30, 2013 and September 30, 2012.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs.” (“ASU 2011-04”). ASU 2011-04 amends the fair value measurement and disclosure guidance to converge GAAP and IFRS requirements for measuring amounts at fair value as well as disclosures about these measurements. ASU 2011-04 was to be adopted prospectively and was effective for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2011-05”) which requires that all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In the two-statement approach, the first statement would present total net income and its components followed consecutively by a second statement that would present total other comprehensive income, the components of other comprehensive income, and the total of comprehensive income. ASU 2011-05 was to be adopted retrospectively and became effective for annual periods beginning after December 2011. The adoption of ASU 2011-05 became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2013 and did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows because the Company does not have any components of other comprehensive income.