0001683168-18-000138.txt : 20180116 0001683168-18-000138.hdr.sgml : 20180116 20180116160054 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001683168-18-000138 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 40 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20171130 FILED AS OF DATE: 20180116 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20180116 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000836564 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PATENT OWNERS & LESSORS [6794] IRS NUMBER: 841070278 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0531 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-22182 FILM NUMBER: 18528614 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2038 CORTE DEL NOGAL, SUITE 141 CITY: CARLSBAD STATE: CA ZIP: 92011-1478 BUSINESS PHONE: 760-795-8517 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 2038 CORTE DEL NOGAL, SUITE 141 CITY: CARLSBAD STATE: CA ZIP: 92011-1478 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: PATRIOT FINANCIAL CORP DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19920521 10-Q 1 patscientific_10q-20171130.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X]

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2017

[_]

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to _______________

Commission File Number 0-22182

PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

84-1070278

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2038 Corte Del Nogal, Suite 141, Carlsbad, California

(Address of principal executive offices)

92011

(Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (760) 795-8517

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES [X ] NO [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES [X] NO [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [_]	Accelerated filer [_]
Non-accelerated filer [_] (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company [X]
Emerging growth company [_]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES [_] NO [X]

On January 11, 2018, 401,392,948 shares of common stock, par value $0.00001 per share were outstanding.

INDEX

	Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Financial Statements
Condensed consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2017 (unaudited) and May 31, 2017	3
Condensed consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 (unaudited) and November 30, 2016 (unaudited)	4
Condensed consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended November 30, 2017 (unaudited) and November 30, 2016 (unaudited)	5
Notes to condensed consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6-15
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16-25
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	25
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures	25
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings	25
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors	26
ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	26
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	26
ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	26
ITEM 5. Other Information	26
ITEM 6. Exhibits	26-29

SIGNATURES	30

PART I- FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

	November 30, 2017			May 31, 2017
ASSETS	(Unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	445,194		$	979,641
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,497			21,443
Marketable securities		2,256,105			2,203,396
Prepaid income tax		2,285			2,285
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		60,931			110,421
Total current assets		2,786,012			3,317,186

Property and equipment, net		1,427			1,877
Investment in affiliated company		324,096			441,988
Total assets	$	3,111,535		$	3,761,051

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,227		$	13,786
Accrued expenses and other		41,546			42,801
Total current liabilities		50,773			56,587
Total liabilities		50,773			56,587

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized: none outstanding		–			–
Common stock, $0.00001 par value: 600,000,000 shares authorized: 438,242,618 shares issued and 401,392,948 shares outstanding at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017		4,382			4,382
Additional paid-in capital		77,444,062			77,444,062
Accumulated deficit		(59,761,814	)		(59,118,112	)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost – 36,849,670 shares at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017		(14,625,868	)		(14,625,868	)
Total stockholders’ equity		3,060,762			3,704,464
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,111,535		$	3,761,051

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016		November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	$	254,159		$	284,244	$	537,483		$	606,616
Total operating expenses		254,159			284,244		537,483			606,616

Other income (expense):
Interest income		7,813			3,988		14,073			8,487
Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company		(104,690	)		1,247,280		(117,892	)		1,191,885
Total other income (expense), net		(96,877	)		1,251,268		(103,819	)		1,200,372

Income (loss) before income taxes		(351,036	)		967,024		(641,302	)		593,756

Provision for income taxes		–			–		2,400			2,400

Net income (loss)	$	(351,036	)	$	967,024	$	(643,702	)	$	591,356

Basic and diluted income (loss) per common share	$	–		$	–	$	–		$	–

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-basic		398,548,318			398,548,318		398,548,318			398,548,318

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-diluted		398,548,318			401,392,948		398,548,318			401,392,948

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Six months ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016

Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(643,702	)	$	591,356
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		450			375
Accrued interest income		(2,763	)		(273	)
Equity in (earnings) loss of affiliated company		117,892			(1,191,885	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		49,490			(72,257	)
Prepaid income tax		–			100
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other		(5,814	)		(21,195	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(484,447	)		(693,779	)

Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities		2,450,000			1,250,000
Purchases of marketable securities		(2,500,000	)		(500,000	)
Purchase of property and equipment		–			(2,703	)
Distributions from affiliated company		–			883,600
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(50,000	)		1,630,897

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(534,447	)		937,118
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		979,641			1,159,576
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	445,194		$	2,096,694

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	2,400		$	2,300

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Patriot Scientific Corporation (the “Company”, “PTSC”, “Patriot”, “we”, “us” or “our”) presented herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2017.

In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period presented. Operating results for the six month period ended November 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending May 31, 2018.

Basis of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated balance sheets at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 and condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 include our accounts and those of our inactive subsidiaries: Patriot Data Solutions Group, Inc. (“PDSG”) which includes Crossflo Systems, Inc. (“Crossflo”), and Plasma Scientific Corporation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Liquidity and Management’s Plans

Cash shortfalls currently experienced by Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC (“PDS”) will have an adverse effect on our liquidity. To date, we have determined that it is in the best interests of the Moore Microprocessor Patent (“MMP”) licensing program that we provide our 50% share of capital to provide for PDS expenses including legal retainers, and litigation related payments in the event license revenues received by PDS are insufficient to meet these needs. We believe it is likely that contributions to PDS to fund working capital will continue to be required.

PDS had been incurring significant third-party costs for expert testimony, depositions and other related litigation costs. We could be required to make capital contributions to PDS for any future litigation related costs in the event that PDS does not receive sufficient licensing revenues to pay these expenses.

Our current liquid cash resources are expected to provide the funds necessary to support our operations through at least the next twelve months from the date of this report. The cash flows from our interest in PDS represent our only significant source of cash generation. In the event of a continued decrease or interruption in MMP portfolio licensing we will incur a significant reduction to our cash position. It is highly unlikely that we would be able to obtain any additional sources of financing to supplement our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment position.

On March 20, 2013, Technology Properties Limited, Inc. (“TPL”) filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. We have been appointed to the creditors’ committee. A Joint Plan of Reorganization (the “Joint Plan”) between TPL and the creditor’s committee was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on February 11, 2015 with the entered confirmation order becoming final on April 2, 2015. In the event we are required to provide funding to PDS that is not reciprocated by TPL, our ownership percentage in PDS will increase and we will have a controlling financial interest in PDS, in which case, we will consolidate PDS in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Investments in Marketable Securities

We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. Our investments in marketable securities have been classified and accounted for as held-to-maturity based on management’s investment intentions relating to these securities. Held-to-maturity marketable securities are stated at amortized cost. Unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). We follow the authoritative guidance to assess whether our investments with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment in Affiliated Company

We have a 50% interest in PDS (see Note 3). We account for our investment using the equity method of accounting since the investment provides us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee of between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the investee and is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the caption “Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company” and also is adjusted by contributions to and distributions from PDS.

PDS, as an unconsolidated equity investee, recognizes revenue from technology license agreements at the time a contract is entered into, the license method is determined (paid-in-advance or on-going royalty), performance obligations under the license agreement are satisfied, and the realization of revenue is assured, which is generally upon the receipt of the license proceeds. PDS may at times enter into license agreements whereby contingent revenues are recognized as one or more contractual milestones are met.

We review our investment in PDS to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The primary factors we consider in our determination are the financial condition, operating performance and near term prospects of PDS. If a decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary, we would recognize an impairment loss.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity.

For the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as we recorded a loss. Had we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, no shares of common stock would have been included in the calculation of diluted income per share using the treasury stock method.

For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted income per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, we included the PDSG escrow shares of 2,844,630 in the calculation of diluted income per share.

In connection with our acquisition of Crossflo, which is part of PDSG, we issued escrow shares that are contingent upon certain representations and warranties made by Crossflo at the time of the merger agreement (see Note 6). We excluded these escrow shares from the basic loss per share calculations and would have included the escrowed shares in the diluted income per share calculations if we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017.

Income Taxes

We follow authoritative guidance in accounting for uncertainties in income taxes. This authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement requirement for the financial statement recognition of a tax position that has been taken or is expected to be taken on a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Under this guidance we may only recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold.

We follow authoritative guidance to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. We assess our deferred tax assets annually under more likely than not scenarios in which they may be realized through future income.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Income Taxes (continued)

We have determined that it was more likely than not that all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future due to our continuing pre-tax and taxable losses. As a result of this determination we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets.

We follow authoritative guidance to adjust our effective tax rate each quarter to be consistent with the estimated annual effective tax rate. We are also required to record the tax impact of certain discrete items, unusual or infrequently occurring, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections.

On December 22, 2017, the United States Government passed new tax legislation that, among other provisions, will lower the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. In addition to applying the new lower corporate tax rate in 2018 and thereafter to any taxable income we may have, the legislation affects the way we can use and carryforward net operating losses previously accumulated and results in a revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Given that our current deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance, these changes will have no net impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. However, if we become profitable, we will receive a reduced benefit from such deferred tax assets.

Assessment of Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in various legal matters, disputes, and patent infringement claims which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We accrue for any estimated losses at the time when we can make a reliable estimate of such loss and it is probable that it has been incurred. By their very nature, contingencies are difficult to estimate. We continually evaluate information related to all contingencies to determine that the basis on which we have recorded our estimated exposure is appropriate.

Intellectual Property Rights

PDS, our investment in affiliated company, relies on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. We have seven U.S., nine European, and three Japanese patents all of which expired between August 2009 and October 4, 2016. These patents, while expired, may have certain retrospective statutory benefits that will fully diminish six years after the patent expiration dates. The patent useful life for purposes of negotiating licenses is finite and these patents are subject to legal challenges, which in combination with the limited life, could adversely impact the stream of revenues. A successful challenge to the ownership of the technology or the proprietary nature of the intellectual property would materially damage business prospects. Any issued patent may be challenged and invalidated.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which was subsequently amended by ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20. ASU 2014-09, as amended, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition”, and creates a new ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASU 2014-09, as amended, implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. The amendment also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions include the capitalization and amortization of certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The new revenue standards are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period (fiscal year 2019 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this standard on the revenues generated by PDS.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements (continued)

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 provides guidance intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The issue addressed in ASU 2016-15 that will affect the Company is classifying distributions received from equity method investments. The guidance provides an accounting policy election for classifying distributions received from equity method investments using either a cumulative earnings approach or a nature of distributions approach. ASU 2016-15 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years (fiscal 2019 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. We have not yet determined the potential effects of the adoption of ASU 2016-15 on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years (fiscal 2019 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-18 will have on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

On December 22, 2017, the date the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Cuts Act”) was signed into law, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) which provides guidance regarding accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts Act, including the impact of the Tax Cuts Act on deferred tax assets and liabilities for financial statements issued in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of December 22, 2017. Given that our current deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance, these changes will have no net impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, if we become profitable, we will receive a reduced benefit from such deferred tax assets.

2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

We consider all highly liquid investments acquired with a maturity of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 consist of a savings account held as collateral for our corporate credit card account.

At November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017, our short-term marketable securities in the amount of $2,256,105 and $2,203,396, respectively, consist of certificates of deposit with various financial institutions, with maturity dates between three months and twelve months from the purchase date.

We follow authoritative guidance to account for our marketable securities as held-to-maturity. Under this authoritative guidance we are required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. We determine fair value based on quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment or valuations by third party professionals. The three levels of inputs that we may use to measure fair value are:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (continued)

The following tables detail the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities:

			Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at November 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	97,564	$	97,564	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		347,630		347,630		–		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,497		21,497		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,256,105		–		2,256,105		–
Total	$	2,722,796	$	466,691	$	2,256,105	$	–

			Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at May 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	93,321	$	93,321	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		435,899		435,899		–		–
Certificates of deposit		450,421		–		450,421		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,443		21,443		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,203,396		–		2,203,396		–
Total	$	3,204,480	$	550,663	$	2,653,817	$	–

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (continued)

We purchase certificates of deposit with varying maturity dates. The following table summarizes the purchase date maturities, gross unrealized gains or losses and fair value of the certificates of deposit as of November 30, 2017:

	November 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in one year or less	$	2,256,105	$	–	$	2,256,105

	May 31, 2017
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in three months or less	$	450,421	$	–	$	450,421
Due in one year or less	$	2,203,396	$	–	$	2,203,396

3. Investment in Affiliated Company

On June 7, 2005, we entered into a Master Agreement (the “Master Agreement”) with TPL, and Charles H. Moore (“Moore”), the co-inventor of the technology which is the subject of the MMP Portfolio of microprocessor patents, pursuant to which the parties resolved all legal disputes between them. Pursuant to the Master Agreement, we and TPL entered into the Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of PDS (the “LLC Agreement”) into which we and Moore contributed our rights to certain of our technologies.

We and TPL each own 50% of the membership interests of PDS, and each member has the right to appoint one member of the three member management committee. The two appointees are required to select a mutually acceptable third member of the management committee. There had not been a third management committee member since May 2010; however, as a result of our initiation of arbitration seeking the appointment of a third member, on December 16, 2014, an independent manager to the PDS management committee was selected by the arbitrator. Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, we and TPL initially agreed to establish a working capital fund for PDS of $4,000,000, of which our contribution was $2,000,000. The working capital fund was increased to a maximum of $8,000,000 as license revenues are achieved. We and TPL are obligated to fund future working capital requirements at the discretion of the management committee of PDS in order to maintain working capital of not more than $8,000,000. If the management committee determines that additional capital is required, neither we nor TPL are required to contribute more than $2,000,000 in any fiscal year. No such contributions were made during the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016. Distributable cash and allocation of profits and losses have been allocated to the members in the priority defined in the LLC Agreement.

On July 11, 2012, we entered into the Program Agreement with PDS, TPL, and Alliacense, and an Agreement (the “TPL Agreement”) with TPL. Pursuant to the Program Agreement, PDS engaged Alliacense to negotiate MMP portfolio licenses and to pursue claims against violators of the MMP portfolio on behalf of PDS, TPL, and the Company. The Program Agreement continued through the useful life of the MMP portfolio patents. Pursuant to the TPL Agreement, we and TPL agreed to certain allocations of obligations in connection with the engagement of Alliacense. On July 24, 2014, the Program Agreement was amended with PDS and Alliacense entering into the Amended Alliacense Services and Novation Agreement (the “Novation Agreement”). Pursuant to the Novation Agreement certain performance goals and incentives were established for Alliacense. The Novation Agreement also provided for the addition of a second licensing company, which was engaged on October 10, 2014, to complement the MMP licensing commercialization. However, Alliacense fulfilled only a portion of its obligations under the Novation Agreement associated with the deployment of the second licensing company and on May 11, 2015, Alliacense was terminated by PDS.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment in Affiliated Company (continued)

On August 10, 2016, PDS entered into an agreement with Alliacense and MMP Licensing, LLC to settle matters relating to Alliacense’s non-performance under terms of the Novation Agreement. The August 10, 2016 agreement requires Alliacense to provide PDS’s second licensing company with certain materials and to cooperate with reasonable discovery requests relating to infringement litigation currently pending in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. MMP Licensing, LLC will provide commercialization services to PDS for the MMP portfolio with respect to certain companies. PDS and Alliacense have agreed to cause the arbitration between the parties to be dismissed with prejudice. The August 10, 2016 agreement will expire on October 4, 2022. Terms of the settlement agreement required PDS to pay Alliacense $84,000 within 24 hours after delivery of materials to PDS’s second licensing agent and to pay Alliacense $84,000 out of subsequent recoveries. On August 11, 2016, PDS paid Alliacense $84,000.

During January 2013, TPL and Moore settled their litigation. Terms of the settlement included the payment by PDS to Moore of a consulting fee of $250,000 for four years or until the completion of all outstanding MMP litigation whichever came first. Per terms of the agreement PDS paid Moore $150,000 on the settlement date and paid Moore $16,667 per month from August 2013 through January 2014 and paid $20,833 per month from February 2014 through January 2017. During the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, PDS expensed $62,499 and $124,998, respectively, pursuant to this commitment. These expenses are recorded in the accompanying PDS statements of operations presented below.

Based on our analysis of current authoritative accounting guidance with respect to our investment in PDS, we continue to account for our investment in PDS under the equity method of accounting, and accordingly have recorded our share of PDS’s net loss during the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 of $104,690 and $117,892, respectively, as a decrease in our investment. We have recorded our share of PDS’s net income during the three and six months ended November 30, 2016 of $1,247,280 and $1,191,885, respectively, as an increase in our investment.

We have recorded our share of PDS’s net income and loss for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 as “Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

On March 20, 2013, TPL filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. A Joint Plan of Reorganization (the “Joint Plan”) between TPL and the creditor’s committee was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on February 11, 2015 with the entered confirmation order becoming final on April 2, 2015. We have been appointed to the creditors’ committee. In the event we are required to provide funding to PDS that is not reciprocated by TPL, our ownership percentage in PDS will increase and we will have a controlling financial interest in PDS, in which case, we will consolidate PDS in our condensed consolidated financial statements. If we determine that it is appropriate to consolidate PDS, we would measure the assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests of PDS at their fair values at the date that we have the controlling financial interest.

PDS’s balance sheets at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 and statements of operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Balance Sheets

Assets:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Cash	$	650,858	$	864,180
Prepaid expenses		23,884		26,378
Total assets	$	674,742	$	890,558

Liabilities and Members’ Equity:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Payables	$	26,550	$	6,582
Members’ equity		648,192		883,976
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	674,742	$	890,558

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Investment in Affiliated Company (continued)

Statements of Operations

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016		November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues	$	–		$	3,000,000	$	–		$	3,000,000
Expenses		209,381			505,441		229,785			616,020
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(209,381	)		2,494,559		(229,785	)		2,383,980
Provision for income taxes		–			–		6,000			210
Net income (loss)	$	(209,381	)	$	2,494,559	$	(235,785	)	$	2,383,770

4. Income Taxes

5. Stockholders’ Equity

Share-based Compensation

Summary of Assumptions and Activity

The fair value of share-based awards to employees and directors is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, even though this model was developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which differ significantly from our stock options.

The Black-Scholes model also requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. The expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercises and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk-free rate selected to value any particular grant is based on the U.S. Treasury rate that corresponds to the pricing term of the grant effective as of the date of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatilities of our common stock. These factors could change in the future, affecting the determination of share-based compensation expense in future periods.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

A summary of option activity as of November 30, 2017 and changes during the six months then ended, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at June 1, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06
Options granted		–	$	–
Options exercised		–	$	–
Options forfeited/expired		–	$	–
Options outstanding at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options vested and expected to vest at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options exercisable at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–

The aggregate intrinsic value represents the differences in market price at the close of the quarter ($0.008 per share on November 30, 2017) and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options (those options with exercise prices below $0.008 per share) on November 30, 2017.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

Patent Litigation

We, TPL, and PDS (collectively referred to as “Plaintiffs”) are Plaintiffs in ongoing proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California where the Plaintiffs allege infringement of the US 5,809,336 patent (the “‘336 patent”) by: Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., LG Electronics, Nintendo Co. Ltd., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., and ZTE Corporation. This litigation is proceeding in front of District Court Judge Vince Chhabria.

These ongoing proceedings relate to the proceedings filed by the Plaintiffs in February 2008 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging infringement of the US 5,440,749 patent (the “‘749 patent”), the US 5,530,890 patent (the “‘890 patent”) and the ‘336 patent against Amazon.com Inc., Barnes & Noble Inc., Garmin Ltd., Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Kyocera Corporation, LG Electronics, Nintendo Co. Ltd., Novatel Wireless Inc., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Sierra Wireless Inc., and ZTE Corporation. We have settled with all defendants except those named in the first paragraph to this footnote.

On September 18, 2015, a Markman hearing was held before U.S. Magistrate Judge Grewal and, on September 22, 2015, he issued a claim construction report and recommendation. On September 25, 2015, as a result of the claim construction report and recommendation, Plaintiffs and defendants, with the exception of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., (“Huawei”) agreed to stay all proceedings pending resolution of Plaintiffs’ objections to the claim construction report and recommendation. Plaintiffs further stipulated that, under the claim construction provided by the report and recommendation, defendants’ products do not infringe the ‘336 patent, and, in the event that the Court does not materially modify the claim construction, Plaintiffs and defendants ask that the Court enter a final judgment of non-infringement. After Plaintiffs and Huawei filed opposing letter briefs with the Court, U.S. Magistrate Judge Grewal stayed the action against Huawei pending resolution of Plaintiffs’ objections to the claim construction. On October 6, 2015, Plaintiffs filed objections to the claim construction with District Court Judge Chhabria. Judge Chhabria rejected those objections on November 9, 2015. Based on that order, the parties stipulated to a judgment of non-infringement as to the ‘336 patent and such judgment was entered on November 13, 2015.

On December 7, 2015, Plaintiffs filed notices of appeal with the U.S. Federal Circuit appealing the district court’s claim construction. Plaintiffs filed their opening appellate brief on March 10, 2016. Defendants filed their response brief on May 23, 2016, with Plaintiffs filing their reply brief on June 23, 2016. On March 3, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rendered its decision modifying the claim construction that was issued in September 2016 by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and has remanded the matter to the District Court for further proceedings.

Patriot Scientific Corporation

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

On May 23, 2017, a case management conference was held in front of District Court Judge Chhabria, who ordered that Plaintiffs amend their infringement contentions on or before June 16, 2017. Judge Chhabria further ordered that Defendants submit any motion for summary judgment based on the amended infringement contentions and the modified claim construction by August 1, 2017. On June 5, 2017, the law firm of Banys, P.C., who had served as local counsel for PDS, withdrew as counsel. PDS continued to be represented by the law firm of Nelson Bumgardner, P.C. On June 16, 2017, Plaintiffs timely amended their infringement contentions. On July 13, 2017, all remaining counsel for each of Patriot, TPL, and PDS moved to withdraw as counsel and further moved to extend all currently pending case deadlines by 60 days for Plaintiffs to seek new counsel.

On September 13, 2017, the law firm of Bunsow De Mory LLP was entered before the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California as successor counsel in representation of Patriot, PDS, and TPL.

The Defendants moved for summary judgment of non-infringement on September 29, 2017, and the Court held a hearing on Defendants’ motion on November 30, 2017. The Court granted Defendants’ motion and entered judgment of non-infringement on December 13, 2017.

Plaintiffs’ filed notices of appeal in these district court matters on January 5, 2018. An appellate briefing schedule would then be set in accordance with the rules and calendar of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.

Defendant Samsung submitted a Bill of Costs seeking $30,170 in costs. On January 9, 2018, Plaintiffs filed an objection to virtually all of the submitted costs. The company does not consider the reimbursement of these costs to the defendant to be probable.

401(k) Plan

We have a retirement plan that complies with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All employees are eligible to participate in the plan. We match 100% of elective deferrals subject to a maximum of 4% of the participant’s eligible earnings. Our participants vest 33% per year over a three year period in their matching contributions. Our matching contributions during the three months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 were $5,414, respectively. Our matching contributions during the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 were $10,055 and $10,828, respectively.

Guarantees and Indemnities

We have made certain guarantees and indemnities, under which we may be required to make payments to a guaranteed or indemnified party. We indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. The duration of the guarantees and indemnities varies, and in many cases is indefinite. These guarantees and indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these guarantees and indemnities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Escrow Shares

On August 31, 2009, we gave notice to the former shareholders of Crossflo and Union Bank of California (the “Escrow Agent”) under Section 2.5 of the Agreement and Plan of Merger between us and Crossflo (the “Agreement”), outlining damages incurred by us in conjunction with the acquisition of Crossflo, and seeking the return of 2,844,630 shares of our common stock held by the Escrow Agent. Subsequently, former shareholders of Crossflo representing a majority of the escrowed shares responded in protest to our claim, delaying the release of the escrowed shares until a formal resolution is reached. In the event we fail to prevail in our claim against the escrowed shares, we may be obligated to deposit into escrow approximately $256,000 of cash consideration due to the decline in our average stock price over the one year escrow period, calculated in accordance with the Section 2.5 of the Agreement. We have evaluated the potential for loss regarding our claim and believe that it is probable that the resolution of this issue will not result in a material obligation to the Company, although there is no assurance of this. Accordingly, we have not recorded a liability for this matter.

7. Subsequent Events

We have evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date and based on our evaluation, management has determined that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes thereto other than as disclosed in the accompanying notes.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND THE REST OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q INCLUDES FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO OUR FUTURE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE CURRENTLY ANTICIPATED AND FROM HISTORICAL RESULTS DEPENDING UPON A VARIETY OF FACTORS, INCLUDING THOSE DESCRIBED BELOW UNDER THE SUB-HEADING, "RISK FACTORS". SEE ALSO OUR ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR THE YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2017.

Overview

In June 2005, we entered into a series of agreements with TPL and others to facilitate the pursuit of unlicensed users of our intellectual property. Over the years we, TPL and TPL’s affiliate, Alliacense, have entered into various agreements regarding licensing and litigation of the MMP portfolio. Pursuant to a July 2014 Novation Agreement with Alliacense PDS engaged a second licensing agent for the MMP portfolio in October 2014 and on May 11, 2015, PDS terminated Alliacense as licensing agent due to the inability of Alliacense to fulfill its obligations under the Novation Agreement. In August 2016, PDS and Alliacense entered into an agreement which requires Alliacense to: cooperate with reasonable discovery requests, provide support to litigation counsel, and deliver certain materials to PDS’s second licensing agent. Pursuant to the August 2016 agreement, MMP Licensing, LLC will provide MMP portfolio commercialization services to PDS for certain companies. PDS is currently pursuing a litigation strategy, which includes an action in the U.S. District Court against multiple companies alleged to be infringers of the MMP portfolio. We continue to believe that the significant investment in legal effort and costs incurred to date at PDS is necessary for the protection of our interests in the MMP portfolio and its future success, although to date it has generated mixed results.

Management expects to continue to incur significant legal expenses for the continued operation of PDS. PDS has been incurring significant third-party costs for expert testimony, depositions and other related legal costs pursuant to litigation in U.S. District Court. We could be required to make capital contributions to PDS for any future litigation related costs in the event that PDS does not receive sufficient licensing revenues to pay these expenses.

To the extent MMP portfolio license proceeds are insufficient; we expect working capital contributions may need to be made to PDS in the future. Cash shortfalls currently experienced by PDS will have an adverse effect on our liquidity. To date, we have determined that it is in the best interests of the MMP licensing program that we contribute our 50% share of additional capital to PDS in the event license revenues received by PDS are insufficient.

On January 11, 2018, PDS’s cash balance was $532,160. Management’s plans for the continued operation of PDS rely on the ability of PDS to obtain license agreements to cover its operational costs. PDS has experienced a decline in licensing revenues and has not obtained significant license revenues since September 2013 and it is unclear when any additional licensing revenues may be generated.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require us to make estimates and judgments that significantly affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and such differences could affect the results of operations reported in future periods. We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

1. Investments in Marketable Securities

We classify our investments in marketable securities in certificates of deposit at the time of purchase as held-to-maturity and reevaluate such classifications at each balance sheet date. Held-to-maturity investments consist of securities that we have the intent and ability to retain until maturity. These securities are recorded at cost and adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts, which approximates fair value. Cash inflows and outflows related to the sale and purchase of investments are classified as investing activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

2. Investment in Affiliated Company

We have a 50% interest in PDS. We account for our investment using the equity method of accounting since the investment provides us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee of between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the investee and is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the caption “Equity in loss of affiliated company” and also is adjusted by contributions to and distributions from PDS.

3. Income Taxes

We follow authoritative guidance to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. We are assessing our deferred tax assets under more likely than not scenarios in which they may be realized through future income.

4. Assessment of Contingent Liabilities

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended November 30, 2017 and Three Months Ended November 30, 2016.

	Three months ended
	November 30, 2017		November 30, 2016
Selling, general and administrative	$	254,159	$	284,244

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from approximately $284,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2016 to approximately $254,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2017. The decrease consisted primarily of approximately $20,000 in board of directors’ fees as PDS’s management fees were paid by PDS. Other decreases were insurance expense of approximately $13,000.

	Three months ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
Other income (expense):
Interest income	$	7,813		$	3,988
Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company		(104,690	)		1,247,280
Total other income (expense), net	$	(96,877	)	$	1,251,268

Our other income and expense for the three months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 included equity in the earnings (loss) of PDS of approximately $(105,000) and $1,247,000, respectively. Our investment in PDS is accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting for investments. The change in the earnings of PDS is due to PDS receiving license proceeds during the three months ended November 30, 2016 and none during the three months ended November 30, 2017.

	Three months ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(351,036	)	$	967,024

Income (loss) before income taxes decreased from approximately $967,000 for the three months ended November 30, 2016 to approximately $(351,000) for the three months ended November 30, 2017 primarily due to the decrease in equity earnings of PDS.

Net income (loss)

Our net income (loss) for the three months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 was $(351,036) and $967,024 respectively.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended November 30, 2017 and Six Months Ended November 30, 2016.

	Six months ended
	November 30, 2017		November 30, 2016
Selling, general and administrative	$	537,483	$	606,616

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased from approximately $607,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2016 to approximately $537,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2017. The decrease consisted primarily of approximately $26,000 in insurance expense, approximately $20,000 in board of directors’ fees as PDS’s management fees were paid by PDS, and approximately $20,000 in legal fees due to decreased activity in the TPL bankruptcy matter.

	Six months ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
Other income (expense):
Interest income	$	14,073		$	8,487
Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company		(117,892	)		1,191,885
Total other income (expense), net	$	(103,819	)	$	1,200,372

Our other income for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 included equity in the earnings (loss) of PDS of approximately $(118,000) and $1,192,000, respectively. Our investment in PDS is accounted for in accordance with the equity method of accounting for investments. The change in the earnings of PDS is due to the receipt of licensing revenues during the six months ended November 30, 2016.

	Six months ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(641,302	)	$	593,756

Loss from continuing operations before income taxes was approximately $(641,000) for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and income before income taxes was approximately $594,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2016 because of the increase in equity in earnings of PDS.

Provision for income taxes

During the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, we recorded a provision for income taxes related to federal and California taxes of $2,400, respectively.

Net income (loss)

Our net income (loss) for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 was $(643,702) and $591,356 respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances decreased from approximately $3,183,000 as of May 31, 2017 to approximately $2,701,000 as of November 30 2017. We also have a restricted cash balance amounting to approximately $21,000 as of May 31, 2017 and November 30, 2017. Total current assets decreased from approximately $3,317,000 as of May 31, 2017 to approximately $2,786,000 as of November 30, 2017. Total current liabilities amounted to approximately $57,000 and approximately $51,000 as of May 31, 2017 and November 30, 2017, respectively. The change in our working capital position as of November 30, 2017 as compared with May 31, 2017 results primarily from the fact that we did not receive sufficient distributions from PDS to cover our operating expenses and utilized cash on hand to pay such expenses.

Cash shortfalls currently experienced by PDS will have an adverse effect on our liquidity. To date we have determined that it is in the best interests of the MMP licensing program that we provide our 50% share of capital to provide for PDS expenses including legal retainers and litigation related payments in the event license revenues received by PDS are insufficient to meet these needs. We believe it is likely that contributions to PDS to fund working capital will continue to be required.

On March 20, 2013, TPL filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. We have been appointed to the creditors’ committee. A Joint Plan of Reorganization (the “Joint Plan”) between TPL and the creditor’s committee was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on February 11, 2015 with the entered confirmation order becoming final on April 2, 2015. In the event we are required to provide funding to PDS that is not reciprocated by TPL, our ownership percentage in PDS will increase and we will have a controlling financial interest in PDS, in which case, we will consolidate PDS in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cash Flows From Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities was approximately $484,000 and $694,000 for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The principal components of the current period amount were net loss of approximately $644,000 offset by the equity in loss of affiliated company of approximately $118,000, and changes in prepaid expenses and other current assets of approximately $49,000. The principal components of the prior period are the prior period net income, offset by equity in earnings of affiliated company, changes in prepaid expenses and other current assets and changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other.

Cash Flows From Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the six months ended November 30, 2017 was $50,000 while cash provided by investing activities for the six months ended November 30, 2016 was approximately $1,631,000. Cash activities for the current period were primarily attributable to sales and purchases of marketable securities. Cash activities for the prior period were primarily attributable to sales and purchases of marketable securities and distributions from PDS.

Capital Resources

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Risk Factors

We urge you to carefully consider the following discussion of risks as well as other information regarding our common stock. We believe the following to be our most significant risk factors as of the date this report is being filed. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Please refer to our risk factors contained in our Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2017 for additional risk factors.

We May Be Required To Fund Our Joint Venture’s Legal Costs.

On March 20, 2013 TPL filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. While TPL’s bankruptcy and reorganization does not at present affect the licensing agreement between PDS and its licensing companies, PDS has incurred significant legal costs in ongoing matters before the U.S. District Court. If PDS does not receive sufficient licensing revenues to pay these expenses, we may be required to pay these expenses. In the event the cost of legal actions exceeds our ability to fund these efforts, our options for additional sources of financing may be limited.

The Impact Of TPL’s Bankruptcy And Reorganization On PDS And The Future Success Of The Licensing Program Is Uncertain.

While TPL’s bankruptcy and reorganization does not appear to affect the licensing agreement between PDS and its licensing companies, the consequences should the reorganization under Chapter 11 be unsuccessful, which could include lawsuits from creditors or a motion to convert the case to Chapter 7, would be uncertain and potentially adverse to PDS and the licensing program. For example, if the case is converted, a trustee may propose the sale of TPL’s interest in PDS to be sold to an unknown third party if allowed by applicable law and approved by the bankruptcy court. It is unclear how that may affect the operation of PDS or the licensing program, but it may be adverse.

We Have Reported Licensing Income In Prior Fiscal Years Which May Not Be Indicative Of Our Future Income.

We have entered into license agreements through our joint venture with TPL and have reported income from the joint venture for the fiscal years 2006 to 2011, 2013 to 2014 and 2016 to 2017. However, the joint venture has not generated significant licensing revenues since September 2013. Because of the uncertain nature of the negotiations that lead to license revenues, pending litigation with companies which we allege have infringed on our patent portfolio, the possibility of legislative action regarding patent rights, the possible effect of new judicial interpretations of patent laws, and delays in obtaining information necessary for the successful deployment of licensing companies to represent the MMP Portfolio, we may not receive revenues from such agreements in the future consistent with amounts received in the past, and we may not receive future revenues from license agreements at all.

We Are Dependent Upon A Joint Venture For Substantially All Of Our Income.

In June 2005, we entered into the PDS joint venture with TPL, which as a result of agreements entered into in June 2005, July 2012 and July 2014, TPL and its licensing company affiliate Alliacense had been responsible for the licensing and enforcement of our microprocessor patent portfolio. This joint venture has been the source of substantially all of our income since June 2005. Therefore, in light of the absence of significant revenue from other sources we should be regarded as highly dependent on the success or failure of licensing and settlements occurring in conjunction with existing litigation efforts.

We Have Been Involved In Multiple Disputes With Our Joint Venture Partner.

We have been involved in multiple disputes with our joint venture partner TPL and its affiliate Alliacense. During times when there are only two appointed managers of the joint venture, a deadlock can exist on important issues that may not be resolved quickly. In the event of a protracted deadlock, the joint venture may not be able to take actions when appropriate or necessary. Previously we have had to initiate formal arbitration proceedings seeking the appointment of an independent manager to the management committee of the joint venture. Although an independent manager is currently in place, we have concluded that any future absences of an independent manager may have a negative impact on the licensing program and PDS’s business.

Our Joint Venture Is At Risk For Going Concern And An Inability To Meet Certain Obligations.

PDS, our joint venture with TPL, which received a going concern opinion since its May 31, 2011 financial statements, has experienced significant declines in revenues while at the same time incurring significant legal costs associated with pending litigation with companies which we allege have infringed on our patent portfolio.

PDS’s licensing revenues have declined over recent years to a point where PDS’s ability to make future payments is in substantial doubt unless licensing revenues substantially increase in the near term. In the event that PDS does not have the funds to pay one or more of the aforementioned costs, we and TPL must decide whether to contribute additional capital to PDS to fund such payments and due to TPL’s bankruptcy and reorganization, we may be required to pay these expenses without any contribution from TPL.

Our Microprocessor Patents Have Expired.

We have seven U.S., nine European, and three Japanese patents that expired between August 2009 and October 4, 2016. While expired patents may have certain retrospective statutory benefits, their value as assets for licensing and cash generation is significantly diminished. Licensing revenues from these patents are our sole source of income.

A Successful Challenge To Our Intellectual Property Rights Could Have A Significant And Adverse Effect On Us.

A successful challenge to our ownership of our technology or the proprietary nature of our intellectual property could materially damage our business prospects. We rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. With respect to our core technologies, our patents have expired. Any issued patent may be challenged and invalidated. Any claims allowed from existing patents may not be of sufficient scope or strength to provide significant protection. Our competitors may also be able to design around our patents.

Vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights or positions characterize the fiercely competitive semiconductor industry, which has resulted in significant and often protracted and expensive litigation. Therefore, our competitors and others may assert that our technologies infringe on their patents or proprietary rights. Persons we believe are infringing our patents are likely to vigorously defend their actions and assert that our patents are invalid. Problems with patents or other rights could result in significant costs, and limit future license revenue. If infringement claims against us are deemed valid or if our infringement claims are successfully opposed, we may not be able to obtain appropriate licenses on acceptable terms or at all. Litigation could be costly and time-consuming but may be necessary to protect our future patent and/or technology license positions or to defend against infringement claims. From time to time parties have petitioned the USPTO to re-examine certain of our patents. An adverse decision in litigation or in the re-examination process could have a very significant and adverse effect on our business.

We are party to a lawsuit regarding the MMP portfolio and have had mixed results in our litigation efforts to date. See footnote 6 to our condensed consolidated financial statements and Part II, Item 1. “Legal Proceedings” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for more information.

In the event that the lawsuit regarding the MMP portfolio is not resolved in our favor, PDS may be liable for the opposing party’s attorneys’ fees and such outcome (or lack of an outcome) could weaken the MMP portfolio which would have a negative effect on PDS's ability to procure future license revenues and, therefore, adversely affect PDS’s and our cash flows.

Changes In U.S. Patent Law Could Diminish The Value Of Patents In General, Thereby Impairing Our Ability To Protect Our Products.

The United States has enacted and is currently implementing the America Invents Act of 2011, wide-ranging patent reform legislation. The United States Supreme Court has ruled on several patent cases in recent years, either narrowing the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakening the rights of patent owners in certain situations. This combination of events has created uncertainty with respect to the value of patents, once obtained. Depending on decisions by the U.S. Congress, the federal courts, and the USPTO, the laws and regulations governing patents could change in unpredictable ways that would weaken our ability to enforce our existing patents and patents that we might obtain in the future.

We Are Dependent On A Single Law Firm To Defend And Enforce Our Intellectual Property Rights.

A single law firm has been engaged to defend and enforce our intellectual property rights. Any significant interruption in their services, or the loss of their services for any reason, would have a material adverse effect on our ability to defend and prosecute such lawsuits and, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and result of operations. The law firm’s services could be disrupted for a variety of reasons, and any disruption would have a material adverse effect on our business. Our inability to engage the services of a new law firm in a timely manner could have a substantial negative effect on our business.

A Change In Our Relationship With PDS Could Change The Way We Account For Our Interest In The Future.

Our investment in PDS is accounted for under the equity method, we record as part of other income or expense our share of the increase or decrease in the equity of this company in which we have invested. It is possible that, in the future, our relationships and/or our interests in or with this equity method investee could change. Such potential future changes could result in consolidation of such entity which could result in changes in our reported results.

We May Issue Preferred Stock, And The Terms Of Such Preferred Stock May Reduce The Value Of Our Common Stock.

We are authorized to issue up to a total of 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series. Our Board of Directors may determine whether to issue shares of preferred stock without further action by holders of our Common Stock. If we issue shares of preferred stock, it could affect the rights or reduce the value of our Common Stock. In particular, specific rights granted to future holders of preferred stock could be used to restrict our ability to merge with or sell our assets to a third party. These terms may include voting rights, preferences as to dividends and liquidation, conversion and redemption rights, and sinking fund provisions. If we seek capital for our business, such capital may be raised through the issuance of preferred stock.

If A Large Number Of Our Shares Are Sold All At Once Or In Blocks, The Market Price Of Our Shares Would Most Likely Decline.

Most of our shareholders are not restricted in the price at which they can sell their shares. Shares sold at a price below the current market price at which our Common Stock is trading may cause the market price of our Common Stock to decline.

Our Common Stock Is Quoted On The OTC Pink Current Information, Which Could Adversely Affect The Market Price And Liquidity Of Our Common Stock.

Our common stock is quoted on OTC Pink Current Information. The quotation of our shares on such marketplace may result in a less liquid market available for existing and potential stockholders to trade shares of our common stock, could depress the trading price of our common stock and could have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future.

There can be no assurance that there will be an active market for our shares of common stock either now or in the future or that stockholders will be able to liquidate their investment or liquidate it at a price that reflects the value of the business. As a result, our stockholders may not find purchasers for our securities should they to desire to sell them.

The Market For Our Stock Is Subject To Rules Relating To Low-Priced Stock (“Penny Stock”) Which May Limit Our Ability To Raise Capital.

Our Common Stock is currently subject to the “penny stock rules” adopted pursuant to Section 15(g) of the Exchange Act. In general, the penny stock rules apply to non-NASDAQ or non-national stock exchange companies whose common stock trades at less than $5.00 per share or which have tangible net worth of less than $5,000,000 ($2,000,000 if the company has been operating for three or more years). Such rules require, among other things, that brokers who trade “penny stock” on behalf of persons other than “established customers” complete certain documentation, make suitability inquiries of investors and provide investors with certain information concerning trading in the security, including a risk disclosure document, quote information, broker’s commission information and rights and remedies available to investors in penny stocks. Many brokers have decided not to trade “penny stock” because of the requirements of the penny stock rules, and as a result, the number of broker-dealers willing to act as market makers in such securities is limited. The “penny stock rules,” therefore, may have an adverse impact on the market for our Common Stock and may affect our ability to raise additional capital if we decide to do so.

Our Share Price Could Decline As A Result Of Short Sales.

When an investor sells stock that he does not own, it is known as a short sale. The seller, anticipating that the price of the stock will go down, intends to buy stock to cover his sale at a later date. If the price of the stock goes down, the seller will profit to the extent of the difference between the price at which he originally sold it less his later purchase price. Short sales enable the seller to profit in a down market. Short sales could place significant downward pressure on the price of our Common Stock. Penny stocks which do not trade on an exchange, such as our Common Stock, are particularly susceptible to short sales.

Our Future Success Depends In Significant Part Upon The Continued Services Of Our Key Senior Management.

Our future success depends in significant part upon the continued services of our senior management. The competition for highly qualified personnel is intense, and we may not be able to retain our key employees or attract and retain additional highly qualified personnel in the future. None of our employees are represented by a labor union, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good. None of our employees are covered by key man life insurance policies.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, as of November 30, 2017, the end of the period to which this quarterly report relates, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. This evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of November 30, 2017, our management, with the participation of our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no significant changes to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II- OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Patent Litigation

Our patent litigation with TPL and PDS in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., LG Electronics, Nintendo Co. Ltd., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., and ZTE Corporation, as described in Item 3 – “Legal Proceedings” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2017, is still ongoing.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Please see Part I, Item 2, above, for our risk factors.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

Those exhibits marked with an asterisk (*) refer to exhibits filed herewith. The other exhibits are incorporated herein by reference, as indicated in the following list.

Those exhibits marked with a cross (†) refer to management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.

Exhibit No.	Document

2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger dated August 4, 2008, among Patriot Scientific Corporation, PTSC Acquisition 1 Corp, Crossflo Systems, Inc. and the Crossflo principal officers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 11, 2008 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.1	Original Articles of incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation’s predecessor, Patriot Financial Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registration Statement on Form S-18, (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.2	Articles of Amendment of Patriot Financial Corporation, as filed with the Colorado Secretary of State on July 21, 1988, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registration Statement on Form S-18, (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.3	Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on March 24, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.3.1	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on April 18, 1995, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended May 31, 1995 (Commission file No. 000-22182)


3.3.2	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on June 24, 1997, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.2 to our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the fiscal year ended May 31, 1997, filed July 18, 1997 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.3.3	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on April 28, 2000, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.3 to Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed May 5, 2000 (Commission file No. 333-36418)

3.3.4	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on May 6, 2002, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.4 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2009, filed April 9, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.3.5	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on October 16, 2003, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.5 to Registration Statement on Form SB-2 filed May 21, 2004 (Commission file No. 333-115752)

3.3.6	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on April 29, 2005, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.6 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2009, filed April 9, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.3.7	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 14, 2005, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.7 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended February 28, 2009, filed April 9, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.3.8	Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot Scientific Corporation, as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on March 18, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3.8 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2009, filed August 14, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

3.4	Articles and Certificate of Merger of Patriot Financial Corporation into Patriot Scientific Corporation dated May 1, 1992, with Agreement and Plan of Merger attached thereto as Exhibit A, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.5	Certificate of Merger issued by the Delaware Secretary of State on May 8, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.6	Certificate of Merger issued by the Colorado Secretary of State on May 12, 1992, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.7	Bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

3.7.1	Amendment to bylaws of the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 2010 (Commission file No. 000-22182)


4.1	Specimen common stock certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 Form 8-K dated May 12, 1992 (Commission file No. 33-23143-FW)

4.2†	2006 Stock Option Plan of the Company as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Appendix C to the Company Proxy Statement filed September 22, 2008 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.1	Master Agreement, dated as of June 7, 2005, by and among the Company, Technology Properties Limited Inc., a California corporation and Charles H. Moore, an individual, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.40 to Form 8-K filed June 15, 2005 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.2	Commercialization Agreement dated as of June 7, 2005 by and among the JV LLC, Technology Properties Limited Inc., a California corporation, and the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.41 to Form 8-K filed June 15, 2005 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.3	Limited Liability Company Operating Agreement of JV LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dated as of June 7, 2005, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.42 to Form 8-K filed June 15, 2005 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.4†	Employment Agreement dated September 17, 2007 by and between the Company and Clifford L. Flowers, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed September 19, 2007 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.5	Form of Indemnification Agreement by and between the Company and the Board of Directors, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Form 10-K filed August 29, 2011 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

10.6	Licensing Program Services Agreement effective July 11, 2012 among Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC, Alliacense Limited, LLC, Technology Properties Limited, LLC, and the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 11, 2012 (Commission file No. 000-22182) (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement)

10.7	Agreement effective July 11, 2012 between Technology Properties Limited, LLC and the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 11, 2012 (Commission file No. 000-22182)(Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement)

10.8	Agreement effective July 17, 2012 among Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC, Alliacense Limited, LLC, Technology Properties Limited, LLC, and the Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 11, 2012 (Commission file No. 000-22182) (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement)

10.9	Agreement effective July 24, 2014 among Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC and Alliacense Limited, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Form 8-K filed July 30, 2014 (Commission file No. 000-22182) (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement)

10.10	Letter agreement dated October 10, 2014 between Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC and Dominion Harbor Group, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Form 8-K filed October 16, 2014 (Commission file No. 000-22182) (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement.)

10.11	Agreement effective August 10, 2016 among Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC, MMP Licensing LLC and Alliacense Limited, LLC, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed August 16, 2016 (Commission file No. 000-22182) (Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to portions of this agreement.)


31.1*	Certification of Clifford L. Flowers, Interim CEO, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

31.2*	Certification of Clifford L. Flowers, CFO, pursuant Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)

32.1*	Certification of Clifford L. Flowers, CFO and Interim CEO, pursuant to Section 1350 of Chapter 63 Title 18 of the United States Code

99.1	Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement to the Company’s 2006 Stock Option Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.10 on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2009, filed August 14, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

99.2	Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement to the Company’s 2006 Stock Option Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.11 on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2009, filed August 14, 2009 (Commission file No. 000-22182)

101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH*	XBRL Schema Document

101.CAL*	XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF*	XBRL Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB*	XBRL Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE*	XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

DATED: January 16, 2018	PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION


	/S/ CLIFFORD L. FLOWERS
	Clifford L. Flowers

	Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer
	(Duly Authorized and Principal Financial Officer)

EX-31.1 2 patriot_10q-ex3101.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
Rule 13a–14(a)/15d–14(a) Certification

I, Clifford L. Flowers, Interim Chief Executive Officer of the registrant, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2017 of Patriot Scientific Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. I am responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under my supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to me by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under my supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report my conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. I have disclosed, based on my most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 16, 2018

		/s/ Clifford L. Flowers
		Clifford L. Flowers
		Interim Chief Executive Officer
		Principal Executive Officer

EX-31.2 3 patriot_10q-ex3102.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
Rule 13a–14(a)/15d–14(a) Certification

I, Clifford L. Flowers, Chief Financial Officer of the registrant, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended November 30, 2017 of Patriot Scientific Corporation;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: January 16, 2018

		/s/ Clifford L. Flowers
		Clifford L. Flowers
		Chief Financial Officer
		Principal Financial Officer

EX-32.1 4 patriot_10q-ex3201.htm CERTIFICATION

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION FURNISHED PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Patriot Scientific Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended November 30, 2017, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and to which this Certification is an exhibit (the “Report”), the undersigned officer of the Company does hereby certify, pursuant to Rule 13a–14(b) or Rule 15d–14(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: January 16, 2018

		/s/ Clifford L. Flowers
		Clifford L. Flowers
		Interim Chief Executive Officer
		and Chief Financial Officer
		Principal Executive Officer and
		Principal Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Patriot Scientific Corporation and will be retained by Patriot Scientific Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

This Certification is being furnished pursuant to Rule 15(d) and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78r), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This Certification shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

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Earnings (Loss) Per Share   Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity.   For the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as we recorded a loss. Had we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, no shares of common stock would have been included in the calculation of diluted income per share using the treasury stock method.   For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted income per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, we included the PDSG escrow shares of 2,844,630 in the calculation of diluted income per share.   In connection with our acquisition of Crossflo, which is part of PDSG, we issued escrow shares that are contingent upon certain representations and warranties made by Crossflo at the time of the merger agreement (see Note 6). We excluded these escrow shares from the basic loss per share calculations and would have included the escrowed shares in the diluted income per share calculations if we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017.

Assessment of Contingent Liabilities   We are involved in various legal matters, disputes, and patent infringement claims which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We accrue for any estimated losses at the time when we can make a reliable estimate of such loss and it is probable that it has been incurred. By their very nature, contingencies are difficult to estimate. We continually evaluate information related to all contingencies to determine that the basis on which we have recorded our estimated exposure is appropriate.

We consider all highly liquid investments acquired with a maturity of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents.   Restricted cash and cash equivalents at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 consist of a savings account held as collateral for our corporate credit card account.   At November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017, our short-term marketable securities in the amount of $2,256,105 and $2,203,396, respectively, consist of certificates of deposit with various financial institutions, with maturity dates between three months and twelve months from the purchase date.   We follow authoritative guidance to account for our marketable securities as held-to-maturity. Under this authoritative guidance we are required to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. We determine fair value based on quoted prices when available or through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment or valuations by third party professionals. The three levels of inputs that we may use to measure fair value are:   Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;   Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and   Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).   The following tables detail the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities:   <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2017 Using</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value at November 30,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Other Observable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Unobservable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt; width: 40%">Cash</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">97,564</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">97,564</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Money market funds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">347,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">347,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -13.5pt; padding-left: 13.5pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,497</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,497</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Marketable securities:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Short-term:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,722,796</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">466,691</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>    <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value at May 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Other Observable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Unobservable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt; width: 40%">Cash</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">93,321</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">93,321</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Money market funds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">435,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">435,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -13.5pt; padding-left: 13.5pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,443</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,443</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Marketable securities:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Short-term:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3,204,480</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">550,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,653,817</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>    We purchase certificates of deposit with varying maturity dates. The following table summarizes the purchase date maturities, gross unrealized gains or losses and fair value of the certificates of deposit as of November 30, 2017:   <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">November 30, 2017 (Unaudited)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; width: 55%">Maturity</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in one year or less</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>    We purchase certificates of deposit with varying maturity dates. The following table summarizes the purchase date maturities, gross unrealized gains or losses and fair value of the certificates of deposit as of May 31, 2017:   <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">May 31, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Maturity</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 55%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in three months or less</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in one year or less</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2017 Using</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value at November 30,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Other Observable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Unobservable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt; width: 40%">Cash</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">97,564</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">97,564</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Money market funds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">347,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">347,630</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -13.5pt; padding-left: 13.5pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,497</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,497</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Marketable securities:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Short-term:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,722,796</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">466,691</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>    <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Fair Value at May 31,</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Other Observable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Significant Unobservable Inputs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 1)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 2)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">(Level 3)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Cash and cash equivalents:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt; width: 40%">Cash</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">93,321</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">93,321</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Money market funds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">435,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">435,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -13.5pt; padding-left: 13.5pt">Restricted cash and cash equivalents</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,443</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">21,443</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Marketable securities:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-left: 10pt">Short-term:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Certificates of deposit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 30pt">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">3,204,480</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">550,663</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,653,817</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">November 30, 2017 (Unaudited)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt; width: 55%">Maturity</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td><td style="text-align: right; width: 11%"> </td><td style="text-align: left; width: 1%"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in one year or less</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,256,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>     <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">May 31, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Fair Value</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Maturity</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="width: 55%; text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in three months or less</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">–</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">450,421</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -10pt; padding-left: 10pt">Due in one year or less</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">2,203,396</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

Share-based Compensation   Summary of Assumptions and Activity   The fair value of share-based awards to employees and directors is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, even though this model was developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which differ significantly from our stock options.   The Black-Scholes model also requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. The expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercises and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk-free rate selected to value any particular grant is based on the U.S. Treasury rate that corresponds to the pricing term of the grant effective as of the date of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatilities of our common stock. These factors could change in the future, affecting the determination of share-based compensation expense in future periods.   A summary of option activity as of November 30, 2017 and changes during the six months then ended, is presented below:   <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="width: 40%">Options outstanding at June 1, 2017</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"> </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"> </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Options granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left">Options exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options forfeited/expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options outstanding at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options vested and expected to vest at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options exercisable at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>   The aggregate intrinsic value represents the differences in market price at the close of the quarter ($0.008 per share on November 30, 2017) and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options (those options with exercise prices below $0.008 per share) on November 30, 2017.

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Shares</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Weighted Average Exercise Price</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">Aggregate Intrinsic Value</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="width: 40%">Options outstanding at June 1, 2017</td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">$</td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"> </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 2%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 11%; text-align: right"> </td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Options granted</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="text-align: left">Options exercised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left">$</td><td style="text-align: right">–</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">Options forfeited/expired</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options outstanding at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options vested and expected to vest at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(238,238,238)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt">Options exercisable at November 30, 2017</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">2,600,000</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">0.06</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">1.87</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: left">$</td><td style="border-bottom: Black 2.5pt double; text-align: right">–</td><td style="padding-bottom: 2.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table>

Litigation   Patent Litigation   We, TPL, and PDS (collectively referred to as “Plaintiffs”) are Plaintiffs in ongoing proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California where the Plaintiffs allege infringement of the US 5,809,336 patent (the “‘336 patent”) by: Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., LG Electronics, Nintendo Co. Ltd., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., and ZTE Corporation. This litigation is proceeding in front of District Court Judge Vince Chhabria.   These ongoing proceedings relate to the proceedings filed by the Plaintiffs in February 2008 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California alleging infringement of the US 5,440,749 patent (the “‘749 patent”), the US 5,530,890 patent (the “‘890 patent”) and the ‘336 patent against Amazon.com Inc., Barnes & Noble Inc., Garmin Ltd., Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Kyocera Corporation, LG Electronics, Nintendo Co. Ltd., Novatel Wireless Inc., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Sierra Wireless Inc., and ZTE Corporation. We have settled with all defendants except those named in the first paragraph to this footnote.   On September 18, 2015, a Markman hearing was held before U.S. Magistrate Judge Grewal and, on September 22, 2015, he issued a claim construction report and recommendation. On September 25, 2015, as a result of the claim construction report and recommendation, Plaintiffs and defendants, with the exception of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., (“Huawei”) agreed to stay all proceedings pending resolution of Plaintiffs’ objections to the claim construction report and recommendation. Plaintiffs further stipulated that, under the claim construction provided by the report and recommendation, defendants’ products do not infringe the ‘336 patent, and, in the event that the Court does not materially modify the claim construction, Plaintiffs and defendants ask that the Court enter a final judgment of non-infringement. After Plaintiffs and Huawei filed opposing letter briefs with the Court, U.S. Magistrate Judge Grewal stayed the action against Huawei pending resolution of Plaintiffs’ objections to the claim construction. On October 6, 2015, Plaintiffs filed objections to the claim construction with District Court Judge Chhabria. Judge Chhabria rejected those objections on November 9, 2015. Based on that order, the parties stipulated to a judgment of non-infringement as to the ‘336 patent and such judgment was entered on November 13, 2015.   On December 7, 2015, Plaintiffs filed notices of appeal with the U.S. Federal Circuit appealing the district court’s claim construction. Plaintiffs filed their opening appellate brief on March 10, 2016. Defendants filed their response brief on May 23, 2016, with Plaintiffs filing their reply brief on June 23, 2016. On March 3, 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit rendered its decision modifying the claim construction that was issued in September 2016 by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and has remanded the matter to the District Court for further proceedings.   On May 23, 2017, a case management conference was held in front of District Court Judge Chhabria, who ordered that Plaintiffs amend their infringement contentions on or before June 16, 2017. Judge Chhabria further ordered that Defendants submit any motion for summary judgment based on the amended infringement contentions and the modified claim construction by August 1, 2017. On June 5, 2017, the law firm of Banys, P.C., who had served as local counsel for PDS, withdrew as counsel. PDS continued to be represented by the law firm of Nelson Bumgardner, P.C. On June 16, 2017, Plaintiffs timely amended their infringement contentions. On July 13, 2017, all remaining counsel for each of Patriot, TPL, and PDS moved to withdraw as counsel and further moved to extend all currently pending case deadlines by 60 days for Plaintiffs to seek new counsel.   On September 13, 2017, the law firm of Bunsow De Mory LLP was entered before the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California as successor counsel in representation of Patriot, PDS, and TPL.   The Defendants moved for summary judgment of non-infringement on September 29, 2017, and the Court held a hearing on Defendants’ motion on November 30, 2017. The Court granted Defendants’ motion and entered judgment of non-infringement on December 13, 2017.   Plaintiffs’ filed notices of appeal in these district court matters on January 5, 2018.  An appellate briefing schedule would then be set in accordance with the rules and calendar of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.   Defendant Samsung submitted a Bill of Costs seeking $30,170 in costs.  On January 9, 2018, Plaintiffs filed an objection to virtually all of the submitted costs. The company does not consider the reimbursement of these costs to the defendant to be probable.   401(k) Plan   We have a retirement plan that complies with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All employees are eligible to participate in the plan. We match 100% of elective deferrals subject to a maximum of 4% of the participant’s eligible earnings. Our participants vest 33% per year over a three year period in their matching contributions. Our matching contributions during the three months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 were $5,414, respectively. Our matching contributions during the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 were $10,055 and $10,828, respectively.   Guarantees and Indemnities   We have made certain guarantees and indemnities, under which we may be required to make payments to a guaranteed or indemnified party. We indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents to the maximum extent permitted under the laws of the State of Delaware. The duration of the guarantees and indemnities varies, and in many cases is indefinite. These guarantees and indemnities do not provide for any limitation of the maximum potential future payments we could be obligated to make. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these guarantees and indemnities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.   Escrow Shares   On August 31, 2009, we gave notice to the former shareholders of Crossflo and Union Bank of California (the “Escrow Agent”) under Section 2.5 of the Agreement and Plan of Merger between us and Crossflo (the “Agreement”), outlining damages incurred by us in conjunction with the acquisition of Crossflo, and seeking the return of 2,844,630 shares of our common stock held by the Escrow Agent.  Subsequently, former shareholders of Crossflo representing a majority of the escrowed shares responded in protest to our claim, delaying the release of the escrowed shares until a formal resolution is reached.  In the event we fail to prevail in our claim against the escrowed shares, we may be obligated to deposit into escrow approximately $256,000 of cash consideration due to the decline in our average stock price over the one year escrow period, calculated in accordance with the Section 2.5 of the Agreement.  We have evaluated the potential for loss regarding our claim and believe that it is probable that the resolution of this issue will not result in a material obligation to the Company, although there is no assurance of this.  Accordingly, we have not recorded a liability for this matter.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - shares	Nov. 30, 2017	Jan. 11, 2018
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	PATRIOT SCIENTIFIC CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000836564
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Nov. 30, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--05-31
Is Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Is Entity a Voluntary Filer	No
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		401,392,948
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 445,194	$ 979,641
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	21,497	21,443
Marketable securities	2,256,105	2,203,396
Prepaid income tax	2,285	2,285
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	60,931	110,421
Total current assets	2,786,012	3,317,186
Property and equipment, net	1,427	1,877
Investment in affiliated company	324,096	441,988
Total assets	3,111,535	3,761,051
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	9,227	13,786
Accrued expenses and other	41,546	42,801
Total current liabilities	50,773	56,587
Total liabilities	50,773	56,587
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized: none outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.00001 par value: 600,000,000 shares authorized: 438,242,618 shares issued and 401,392,948 shares outstanding at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017	4,382	4,382
Additional paid-in capital	77,444,062	77,444,062
Accumulated deficit	(59,761,814)	(59,118,112)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost - 36,849,670 shares at August 31, 2017 and May 31, 2017	(14,625,868)	(14,625,868)
Total stockholders' equity	3,060,762	3,704,464
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 3,111,535	$ 3,761,051

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ .00001	$ .00001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ .00001	$ .00001
Common stock, shares authorized	600,000,000	600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	438,242,618	438,242,618
Common stock, shares outstanding	401,392,948	401,392,948
Common stock held in treasury, at cost	36,849,670	36,849,670

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	$ 254,159	$ 284,244	$ 537,483	$ 606,616
Total operating expenses	254,159	284,244	537,483	606,616
Other income (expense):
Interest income	7,813	3,988	14,073	8,487
Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company	(104,690)	1,247,280	(117,892)	1,191,885
Total other income (expense), net	(96,877)	1,251,268	(103,819)	1,200,372
Income (loss) before income taxes	(351,036)	967,024	(641,302)	593,756
Provision for income taxes	0	0	2,400	2,400
Net income (loss)	$ (351,036)	$ 967,024	$ (643,702)	$ 591,356
Basic and diluted income (loss) per common share	$ 0.00	$ 0.00	$ 0.00	$ 0.00
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - basic	398,548,318	398,548,318	398,548,318	398,548,318
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - diluted	398,548,318	401,392,948	398,548,318	401,392,948

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (643,702)	$ 591,356
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	450	375
Accrued interest income	(2,763)	(273)
Equity in (earnings) loss of affiliated company	117,892	(1,191,885)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	49,490	(72,257)
Prepaid income tax	0	100
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other	(5,814)	(21,195)
Net cash used in operating activities	(484,447)	(693,779)
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	2,450,000	1,250,000
Purchases of marketable securities	(2,500,000)	(500,000)
Purchase of property and equipment	0	(2,703)
Distributions from affiliated company	0	883,600
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(50,000)	1,630,897
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(534,447)	937,118
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	979,641	1,159,576
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	445,194	2,096,694
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$ 2,400	$ 2,300

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1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Consolidation

Liquidity and Management’s Plans

Investments in Marketable Securities

Investment in Affiliated Company

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Income Taxes

Assessment of Contingent Liabilities

Intellectual Property Rights

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

XML 17 R7.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities

We consider all highly liquid investments acquired with a maturity of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 consist of a savings account held as collateral for our corporate credit card account.

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported by little or no market activity).

The following tables detail the fair value measurements within the fair value hierarchy of our cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities:

			Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at November 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	97,564	$	97,564	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		347,630		347,630		–		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,497		21,497		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,256,105		–		2,256,105		–
Total	$	2,722,796	$	466,691	$	2,256,105	$	–

			Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at May 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	93,321	$	93,321	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		435,899		435,899		–		–
Certificates of deposit		450,421		–		450,421		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,443		21,443		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,203,396		–		2,203,396		–
Total	$	3,204,480	$	550,663	$	2,653,817	$	–

	November 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in one year or less	$	2,256,105	$	–	$	2,256,105

	May 31, 2017
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in three months or less	$	450,421	$	–	$	450,421
Due in one year or less	$	2,203,396	$	–	$	2,203,396

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3. Investment in Affiliated Company

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Investment in Affiliated Company

PDS’s balance sheets at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 and statements of operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Balance Sheets

Assets:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Cash	$	650,858	$	864,180
Prepaid expenses		23,884		26,378
Total assets	$	674,742	$	890,558

Liabilities and Members’ Equity:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Payables	$	26,550	$	6,582
Members’ equity		648,192		883,976
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	674,742	$	890,558

Statements of Operations

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016		November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues	$	–		$	3,000,000	$	–		$	3,000,000
Expenses		209,381			505,441		229,785			616,020
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(209,381	)		2,494,559		(229,785	)		2,383,980
Provision for income taxes		–			–		6,000			210
Net income (loss)	$	(209,381	)	$	2,494,559	$	(235,785	)	$	2,383,770

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4. Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

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5. Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Share-based Compensation

Summary of Assumptions and Activity

A summary of option activity as of November 30, 2017 and changes during the six months then ended, is presented below:

	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at June 1, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06
Options granted		–	$	–
Options exercised		–	$	–
Options forfeited/expired		–	$	–
Options outstanding at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options vested and expected to vest at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options exercisable at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–

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6. Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

Patent Litigation

401(k) Plan

Guarantees and Indemnities

Escrow Shares

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7. Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Patriot Scientific Corporation (the “Company”, “PTSC”, “Patriot”, “we”, “us” or “our”) presented herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2017. In the opinion of management, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period presented. Operating results for the six month period ended November 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending May 31, 2018.
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation The condensed consolidated balance sheets at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 and condensed consolidated statements of operations and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 include our accounts and those of our inactive subsidiaries: Patriot Data Solutions Group, Inc. (“PDSG”) which includes Crossflo Systems, Inc. (“Crossflo”), and Plasma Scientific Corporation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Liquidity and Management's Plans	Liquidity and Management’s Plans Cash shortfalls currently experienced by Phoenix Digital Solutions, LLC (“PDS”) will have an adverse effect on our liquidity. To date, we have determined that it is in the best interests of the Moore Microprocessor Patent (“MMP”) licensing program that we provide our 50% share of capital to provide for PDS expenses including legal retainers, and litigation related payments in the event license revenues received by PDS are insufficient to meet these needs. We believe it is likely that contributions to PDS to fund working capital will continue to be required. PDS had been incurring significant third-party costs for expert testimony, depositions and other related litigation costs. We could be required to make capital contributions to PDS for any future litigation related costs in the event that PDS does not receive sufficient licensing revenues to pay these expenses. Our current liquid cash resources are expected to provide the funds necessary to support our operations through at least the next twelve months from the date of this report. The cash flows from our interest in PDS represent our only significant source of cash generation. In the event of a continued decrease or interruption in MMP portfolio licensing we will incur a significant reduction to our cash position. It is highly unlikely that we would be able to obtain any additional sources of financing to supplement our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment position. On March 20, 2013, Technology Properties Limited, Inc. (“TPL”) filed a petition under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. We have been appointed to the creditors’ committee. A Joint Plan of Reorganization (the “Joint Plan”) between TPL and the creditor’s committee was confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court on February 11, 2015 with the entered confirmation order becoming final on April 2, 2015. In the event we are required to provide funding to PDS that is not reciprocated by TPL, our ownership percentage in PDS will increase and we will have a controlling financial interest in PDS, in which case, we will consolidate PDS in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Investments in Marketable Securities	Investments in Marketable Securities We determine the appropriate classification of our investments at the time of purchase and reevaluate such designation at each balance sheet date. Our investments in marketable securities have been classified and accounted for as held-to-maturity based on management’s investment intentions relating to these securities. Held-to-maturity marketable securities are stated at amortized cost. Unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred taxes, are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). We follow the authoritative guidance to assess whether our investments with unrealized loss positions are other than temporarily impaired. Realized gains and losses and declines in fair value judged to be other than temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Investment in Affiliated Company	Investment in Affiliated Company We have a 50% interest in PDS (see Note 3). We account for our investment using the equity method of accounting since the investment provides us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if we have an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee of between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s Board of Directors, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment, originally recorded at cost, is adjusted to recognize our share of net earnings or losses of the investee and is recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations in the caption “Equity in earnings (loss) of affiliated company” and also is adjusted by contributions to and distributions from PDS. PDS, as an unconsolidated equity investee, recognizes revenue from technology license agreements at the time a contract is entered into, the license method is determined (paid-in-advance or on-going royalty), performance obligations under the license agreement are satisfied, and the realization of revenue is assured, which is generally upon the receipt of the license proceeds. PDS may at times enter into license agreements whereby contingent revenues are recognized as one or more contractual milestones are met. We review our investment in PDS to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The primary factors we consider in our determination are the financial condition, operating performance and near term prospects of PDS. If a decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary, we would recognize an impairment loss.
Earnings (Loss) Per Share	Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in the earnings of an entity. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted loss per share as we recorded a loss. Had we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017, no shares of common stock would have been included in the calculation of diluted income per share using the treasury stock method. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, potential common shares of 2,600,000 related to our outstanding options were not included in the calculation of diluted income per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. For the three and six months ended November 30, 2016, we included the PDSG escrow shares of 2,844,630 in the calculation of diluted income per share. In connection with our acquisition of Crossflo, which is part of PDSG, we issued escrow shares that are contingent upon certain representations and warranties made by Crossflo at the time of the merger agreement (see Note 6). We excluded these escrow shares from the basic loss per share calculations and would have included the escrowed shares in the diluted income per share calculations if we reported net income for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes We follow authoritative guidance in accounting for uncertainties in income taxes. This authoritative guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement requirement for the financial statement recognition of a tax position that has been taken or is expected to be taken on a tax return and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. Under this guidance we may only recognize tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold. We follow authoritative guidance to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against our deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. We assess our deferred tax assets annually under more likely than not scenarios in which they may be realized through future income. We have determined that it was more likely than not that all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future due to our continuing pre-tax and taxable losses. As a result of this determination we have recorded a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. We follow authoritative guidance to adjust our effective tax rate each quarter to be consistent with the estimated annual effective tax rate. We are also required to record the tax impact of certain discrete items, unusual or infrequently occurring, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, in the interim period in which they occur. In addition, jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or a year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of such an exclusion could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings or losses versus annual projections. On December 22, 2017, the United States Government passed new tax legislation that, among other provisions, will lower the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. In addition to applying the new lower corporate tax rate in 2018 and thereafter to any taxable income we may have, the legislation affects the way we can use and carryforward net operating losses previously accumulated and results in a revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Given that our current deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance, these changes will have no net impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. However, if we become profitable, we will receive a reduced benefit from such deferred tax assets.
Assessment of Contingent Liabilities	Assessment of Contingent Liabilities We are involved in various legal matters, disputes, and patent infringement claims which arise in the ordinary course of our business. We accrue for any estimated losses at the time when we can make a reliable estimate of such loss and it is probable that it has been incurred. By their very nature, contingencies are difficult to estimate. We continually evaluate information related to all contingencies to determine that the basis on which we have recorded our estimated exposure is appropriate.
Intellectual Property Rights	Intellectual Property Rights PDS, our investment in affiliated company, relies on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures and licensing arrangements to protect our intellectual property rights. We have seven U.S., nine European, and three Japanese patents all of which expired between August 2009 and October 4, 2016. These patents, while expired, may have certain retrospective statutory benefits that will fully diminish six years after the patent expiration dates. The patent useful life for purposes of negotiating licenses is finite and these patents are subject to legal challenges, which in combination with the limited life, could adversely impact the stream of revenues. A successful challenge to the ownership of the technology or the proprietary nature of the intellectual property would materially damage business prospects. Any issued patent may be challenged and invalidated.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” which was subsequently amended by ASUs 2015-14, 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20. ASU 2014-09, as amended, supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition”, and creates a new ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASU 2014-09, as amended, implements a five-step process for customer contract revenue recognition that focuses on transfer of control, as opposed to transfer of risk and rewards. The amendment also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. Other major provisions include the capitalization and amortization of certain contract costs, ensuring the time value of money is considered in the transaction price, and allowing estimates of variable consideration to be recognized before contingencies are resolved in certain circumstances. Entities can transition to the standard either retrospectively or as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The new revenue standards are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period (fiscal year 2019 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. We are currently assessing the potential impact of this standard on the revenues generated by PDS. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows – Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments.” ASU 2016-15 provides guidance intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The issue addressed in ASU 2016-15 that will affect the Company is classifying distributions received from equity method investments. The guidance provides an accounting policy election for classifying distributions received from equity method investments using either a cumulative earnings approach or a nature of distributions approach. ASU 2016-15 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years (fiscal 2019 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. We have not yet determined the potential effects of the adoption of ASU 2016-15 on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash”. ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years (fiscal 2019 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-18 will have on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. On December 22, 2017, the date the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Cuts Act”) was signed into law, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) which provides guidance regarding accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts Act, including the impact of the Tax Cuts Act on deferred tax assets and liabilities for financial statements issued in the reporting period that includes the enactment date of December 22, 2017. Given that our current deferred tax assets are offset by a full valuation allowance, these changes will have no net impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. However, if we become profitable, we will receive a reduced benefit from such deferred tax assets.

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2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Schedule of fair value of cash, cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities

			Fair Value Measurements at November 30, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at November 30,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	97,564	$	97,564	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		347,630		347,630		–		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,497		21,497		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,256,105		–		2,256,105		–
Total	$	2,722,796	$	466,691	$	2,256,105	$	–

			Fair Value Measurements at May 31, 2017 Using
	Fair Value at May 31,		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$	93,321	$	93,321	$	–	$	–
Money market funds		435,899		435,899		–		–
Certificates of deposit		450,421		–		450,421		–
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		21,443		21,443		–		–
Marketable securities:
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit		2,203,396		–		2,203,396		–
Total	$	3,204,480	$	550,663	$	2,653,817	$	–

Schedule of maturities, gross unrealized gains or losses and fair value of certificates of deposit

	November 30, 2017 (Unaudited)
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in one year or less	$	2,256,105	$	–	$	2,256,105

	May 31, 2017
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		Fair Value
Maturity
Due in three months or less	$	450,421	$	–	$	450,421
Due in one year or less	$	2,203,396	$	–	$	2,203,396

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3. Investment in Affiliated Company (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]

Financial statements of affiliates

PDS’s balance sheets at November 30, 2017 and May 31, 2017 and statements of operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Balance Sheets

Assets:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Cash	$	650,858	$	864,180
Prepaid expenses		23,884		26,378
Total assets	$	674,742	$	890,558

Liabilities and Members’ Equity:

	November 30, 2017		May 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)		(Audited)
Payables	$	26,550	$	6,582
Members’ equity		648,192		883,976
Total liabilities and members’ equity	$	674,742	$	890,558

Statements of Operations

	Three Months Ended					Six Months Ended
	November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016		November 30, 2017			November 30, 2016
	(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)			(Unaudited)
Revenues	$	–		$	3,000,000	$	–		$	3,000,000
Expenses		209,381			505,441		229,785			616,020
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(209,381	)		2,494,559		(229,785	)		2,383,980
Provision for income taxes		–			–		6,000			210
Net income (loss)	$	(209,381	)	$	2,494,559	$	(235,785	)	$	2,383,770

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5. Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Nov. 30, 2017

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Stock Option Activity

	Shares		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at June 1, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06
Options granted		–	$	–
Options exercised		–	$	–
Options forfeited/expired		–	$	–
Options outstanding at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options vested and expected to vest at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–
Options exercisable at November 30, 2017		2,600,000	$	0.06		1.87	$	–

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1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Options [Member]
Common shares not included in calculation of diluted net income and loss per share	2,600,000	2,600,000	2,600,000	2,600,000
PDS [Member]
Ownership interest	50.00%		50.00%

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2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	$ 97,564	$ 93,321
Money market funds	347,630	435,899
Certificates of deposit		450,421
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	21,497	21,443
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit	2,256,105	2,203,396
Long-term:
Total	2,722,796	3,204,480
Fair Value Inputs Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	97,564	93,321
Money market funds	347,630	435,899
Certificates of deposit		0
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	21,497	21,443
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit	0	0
Long-term:
Total	466,691	550,663
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	0	0
Money market funds	0	0
Certificates of deposit		450,421
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit	2,256,105	2,203,396
Long-term:
Total	2,256,105	2,653,817
Fair Value Inputs Level 3 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash	0	0
Money market funds	0	0
Certificates of deposit		0
Restricted cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Short-term:
Certificates of deposit	0	0
Long-term:
Total	$ 0	$ 0

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2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (Details - Certificates of Deposit) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Due in one year or less [Member]
Certificates of deposit
Cost	$ 2,256,105	$ 2,203,396
Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)	0	0
Fair Value	$ 2,256,105	2,203,396
Due in three months or less [Member]
Certificates of deposit
Cost		450,421
Gross Unrealized Gains/(Losses)		0
Fair Value		$ 450,421

XML 30 R20.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

2. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Marketable Securities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Current portion of marketable securities	$ 2,256,105	$ 2,203,396

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3. Investment in Affiliated Company (Details - balance sheet) - USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2017	May 31, 2017
Total assets	$ 674,742	$ 890,558
Total liabilities and members' equity	674,742	890,558
Cash [Member]
Total assets	650,858	864,180
Prepaid Expenses [Member]
Total assets	23,884	26,378
Payables [Member]
Total liabilities and members' equity	26,550	6,582
Members equity [Member]
Total liabilities and members' equity	$ 648,192	$ 883,976

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3. Investment in Affiliated Company (Details - Statement of Operations) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 0	$ 3,000,000	$ 0	$ 3,000,000
Expenses	209,381	505,441	229,785	616,020
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	(209,381)	2,494,559	(229,785)	2,383,980
Provision for income taxes	0	0	6,000	210
Net income (loss)	$ (209,381)	$ 2,494,559	$ (235,785)	$ 2,383,770

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3. Investment in Affiliated Company (Details Narrative PDS) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Net loss from PDS	$ (104,690)	$ 1,247,280	$ (117,892)	$ 1,191,885
PDS [Member]
Cash contributions to PDS	$ 0	0	$ 0	0
Legal fees paid				84,000
PDS [Member] \| Moore [Member]
Litigation settlement expense		$ 62,499		$ 124,998

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5. Stockholders' Equity (Details - Option activity) - Options [Member]	6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of Options Outstanding, Beginning \| shares	2,600,000
Number of Options Granted \| shares	0
Number of Options Exercised \| shares	0
Number of Options Forfeited \| shares	0
Number of Options Outstanding, Ending \| shares	2,600,000
Options vested and expected to vest, Ending \| shares	2,600,000
Number of Options Exercisable, Ending \| shares	2,600,000
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning \| $ / shares	$ .06
Weighted Average Exercise Price Granted \| $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercised \| $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price Forfeited \| $ / shares
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Ending \| $ / shares	.06
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested and expected to vest, Ending \| $ / shares	.06
Weighted Average Exercise Price Exercisable \| $ / shares	$ .06
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Outstanding	1 year 10 months 13 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Options vested and expected to vest	1 year 10 months 13 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) Exercisable	1 year 10 months 13 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Outstanding \| $	$ 0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Options vested and expected to vest \| $	0
Aggregate Intrinsic Value Exercisable \| $	$ 0

XML 35 R25.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

6. Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Nov. 30, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Patriot's matching contributions to the 401K plan	$ 5,414	$ 5,414	$ 10,055	$ 10,828

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