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Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2012
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Note 1.
Nature of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of business: Synergetics USA, Inc. ("Synergetics USA" or the "Company") is a Delaware corporation incorporated on June 2, 2005, in connection with the reverse merger of Synergetics, Inc. ("Synergetics") and Valley Forge Scientific Corp. ("Valley Forge") and the subsequent reincorporation of Valley Forge (the predecessor to Synergetics USA) in Delaware. Synergetics USA is a leading supplier of precision surgical devices.  Through continuous improvement and development of its people, the Company's mission is to design, manufacture and market innovative surgical devices, surgical equipment and consumables of the highest quality in order to assist and enable surgeons who perform surgery around the world to provide a better quality of life for their patients.   The Company's primary focus is on the surgical disciplines of ophthalmology and neurosurgery. Its distribution channels include a combination of direct and independent distributor sales organizations and important strategic alliances with market leaders. The Company is located in O'Fallon, Missouri and King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.  During the ordinary course of its business, the Company grants unsecured credit to its domestic and international customers.

A summary of the Company's significant accounting policies follows:

Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements: The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Synergetics USA and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Synergetics, Synergetics IP, Inc., Synergetics Development Company, LLC and Synergetics Delaware, Inc.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and cash equivalents: For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Accounts receivable: During the ordinary course of its business, the Company grants unsecured credit to its domestic and international customers.  Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful accounts based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a monthly basis.  Collateral is not generally required on the Company's accounts receivable.  Accounts receivable are generally considered past due based upon their specific terms.  Management determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer's financial condition, credit history and current economic conditions.  Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible.  Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received.  The Company generally does not charge interest on past-due amounts in accounts receivable.  The Company has a history of minimal uncollectible accounts.
 
Concentration of credit risk: Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.  The Company's cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in a money market account in a bank and currently exceed the FDIC insurance limit.  Generally these deposits can be redeemed upon demand and therefore, bear minimal risk.

Inventories: Inventories, consisting of purchased materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead, are stated at the lower of cost, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method, or market.  The Company's inventory is very dynamic and new products are added frequently.  Thus, the Company reviews the valuation of its inventory on a quarterly basis and determines if a valuation allowance is necessary for items that have not had their values updated recently.  In addition, the Company evaluates inventories for excess quantities and identified obsolescence quarterly.  The Company's evaluation includes an analysis of historical sales levels by product and projections of future demand, as well as estimates of quantities required to support warranty and other repairs.  To the extent that it determines there are some excess quantities based on its projected levels of sales and other requirements, or obsolete material in inventory, it records valuation reserves against all or a portion of the value of the related parts or products.  If future cost valuations, future demand or market conditions are different from the Company's projections, a change in recorded inventory valuation reserves may be required and would be reflected in cost of sales in the period the revision is made.

Property and equipment: Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

Useful lives (in years)
Building and improvements
7-39
Machinery and equipment
5-7
Furniture and fixtures
5-7
Software
3-10

Goodwill and other intangibles: Absent any impairment indicators, goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis.  The Company performs its goodwill impairment tests during the fourth fiscal quarter.  Other intangible assets, consisting of licensing agreements and proprietary know-how are amortized to operations under the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives or statutory lives, whichever is shorter.  These periods range from two to seventeen years.  The life of a trademark is inextricably related to the life of the product bearing the mark or the life of the business entity owning the trademark.  The Company intends to use the trademark indefinitely, and therefore, its useful life is not limited to any specific product. The trademark constitutes an indefinite-lived intangible that will be used in perpetuity.  Proprietary know-how consists of the patented technology which is included in one of the Company's core products, bipolar electrosurgical generators.  As a proprietary technology is a distinguishing feature of the Company's products, it represents a valuable intangible asset.

Patents: Incremental legal and other costs to obtain the patent are capitalized to a patent asset.  Salaries, benefits and other direct costs of product development are expensed as operating expenses in research and development ("R&D") costs.  Patents are amortized to operations under the straight-line method over the remaining statutory life of the patent.  Total amortization for the years ended July 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $600,000, $653,000 and $879,000, respectively.

Deferred revenue: During the second quarter of fiscal 2011, the Company received a payment from Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. ("Codman"), a marketing partner, to establish exclusivity on certain generator products and accessories.  Revenue from the agreement has been deferred and is being amortized over its expected term.  The Company recognized $266,000 and $334,000 in revenue for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2012 and July 31, 2011, respectively, under the terms of the exclusivity agreement.

On April 23, 2010, the Company entered into a Settlement and License Agreement with Alcon, Inc. ("Alcon")  pursuant to which Alcon paid to the Company $32.0 million. The net proceeds to the Company were $21.4 million after contingency payments to attorneys. The Company recognized a gain from this agreement of $2.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2010. The remaining $19.0 million has been accounted for as an up-front license fee under the Confidential Settlement and License Agreement and was deferred and recognized as earned over a period estimated to be 15 years based upon estimated shipments to Alcon under a related Supply Agreement.  On February 13, 2012, Alcon informed the Company that it had decided to cancel the project, orders and forecasts covering the two products to have been supplied under the Supply Agreement. However, the Supply Agreement remains in effect and the Company has continuing performance obligations associated with the Supply Agreement. Therefore, the Company plans on recognizing the remaining deferred revenue associated with the Supply Agreement ratably over the next 14 years which is the remaining life of the patents and associated Supply Agreement. The Company recognized $1.2 million and $696,000 of this deferred revenue for the fiscal years ended July 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 
July 31, 2012
 
 
July 31,
2011
 
Deferred revenue – Alcon settlement
 
$
17,106
 
 
$
18,334
 
Deferred revenue – Codman exclusivity
 
 
--
 
 
 
266
 
Total
 
$
17,106
 
 
$
18,600
 
Less: Short-term
 
 
1,288
 
 
 
540
 
Long-term portion
 
$
15,818
 
 
$
18,060
 

Impairment of long-lived assets (excluding goodwill and other intangibles): The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset.  Measurement of an impairment loss for long-lived assets and certain identifiable assets that management expects to hold and use is based on the fair value of the asset.  Assets to be sold are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or the fair value less costs to sell.

Product warranty: The Company provides a warranty against manufacturing and workmanship defects. Under the Company's general terms and conditions of sale, liability during the warranty period (typically three years) is limited to repair or replacement of the defective item. The Company's warranty cost is not material.

Income taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 740, "Income Taxes" ("ASC Topic 740").  Under ASC Topic 740, the deferred tax provision is determined using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss, tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences.  Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.  Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

In addition, under ASC Topic 740, the Company may recognize tax liabilities when, despite the Company's belief that its tax return positions are supported, the Company believes that certain positions may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities.  The Company has identified no uncertain tax positions subsequent to the adoption of this standard on August 1, 2007.

The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties through income tax expense.  As of July 31, 2012, the 2009 to 2011 tax years remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions.  There are no federal or non-U.S. income tax audits in process as of July 31, 2012. There is one state audit currently in progress.
 
Fair value of financial instruments: The Company's financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and debt.  As of July 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, the carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments.  The carrying amount of notes payable is estimated to approximate fair value because the interest rates fluctuate with market interest rates or the fixed rates are based on estimated current rates offered to the Company for debt with similar terms and maturities.

Non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized.  No impairment indicators existed as of July 31, 2012.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs).  The fair value hierarchy consists of these broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3).  The Company's Level 1 financial assets are money market funds, whose fair values are based on quoted market prices.  The Company does not have any Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets.

 
Foreign currency translation: All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date.  Statements of income amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year.  The gains and losses resulting from the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other comprehensive income (loss).  The foreign currency translation adjustment is the only component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.  Foreign currency translation adjustments exclude income tax expense (benefit) given that the Company's investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries are deemed to be reinvested for an indefinite period of time.

Revenue recognition: The Company primarily records revenue from product sales when the revenue is realized and the product is shipped from its facilities.  This includes satisfying the following criteria: the arrangement with the customer is evident, usually through the receipt of a purchase order; the sales price is fixed and determinable; delivery to the carrier has occurred; and collectability is reasonably ensured. Freight and shipping billed to customers is included in net sales, and the cost of shipping is included in cost of sales.  Sales tax billed to customers is included as a liability as products are shipped.

The terms and conditions of sales to both the Company's domestic and international distributors do not differ materially from the terms and conditions of sales to its domestic and international end-user customers.

Service revenue substantially relates to repairs of products and is recognized when the service has been completed.  Revenue from royalty fees is recorded as the products bearing the trademark are shipped.

Advertising: The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $153,000, $119,500 and $41,600 for the years ended July 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Royalties: The Company pays royalties to doctors and medical institutions for providing assistance in the design and development of various devices and components.  Royalties are paid quarterly based on the sales of the instrument or components.  Royalty expense was approximately $281,600, $318,000 and $830,800 for the years ended July 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Stock compensation: The Company has a stock plan for employees and consultants allowing for incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock and stock awards which have been granted to certain employees and consultants of the Company.  In addition, the Company has a stock option plan for non-employee directors allowing for non-qualified stock options.  Options under this plan have been granted to all non-employee directors.  Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the directors' and employees' requisite service period. Compensation expense is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.  In addition, compensation expense equal to number of shares granted multiplied by the market value on the date of the grant over the restriction period is recognized in net earnings for restricted stock awards.
 
Earnings per share: Basic earnings per share ("EPS") data has been computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period presented.  Diluted EPS data has been computed on the basis of the assumed conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential common stock instruments, unless the effect is to reduce the loss or increase the net income per common share (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data):

 
Year Ended July 31,
 
 
2012
 
 
2011
 
 
2010
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
5,968
 
 
$
5,669
 
 
$
5,767
 
Loss from discontinued operations net of income tax
 
 
382
 
 
 
36
 
 
 
34
 
Net income
 
 
5,586
 
 
 
5,633
 
 
 
5,733
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares and denominator for basic calculation
 
 
25,100,064
 
 
 
24,901,832
 
 
 
24,618,403
 
Stock options and restricted stock
 
 
153,516
 
 
 
133,263
 
 
 
54,202
 
Denominator for diluted calculation
 
 
25,256,584
 
 
 
25,035,095
 
 
 
24,672,605
 
Earnings per share – basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
0.24
 
 
$
0.23
 
 
$
0.23
 
Loss from discontinued operations
 
 
(0.02
)
 
 
0.00
 
 
 
0.00
 
Net income
 
$
0.22
 
 
$
0.23
 
 
$
0.23
 
Earnings per share – diluted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
$
0.24
 
 
$
0.23
 
 
$
0.23
 
Loss from discontinued operations
 
 
(0.02
)
 
 
0.00
 
 
 
0.00
 
Net income
 
$
0.22
 
 
$
0.23
 
 
$
0.23
 

Stock option shares excluded from computation of dilutive income per share because the effect would be antidilutive for the years ended July 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were 215,734, 60,000 and 228,000, respectively.
 
Segment reporting: Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.  The Company's chief decision maker reviews the results of operations and requests for capital expenditures based on one industry segment: producing and selling products and procedures for surgery, primarily for vitreoretinal surgery and neurosurgery.  The Company's entire revenue is generated through this segment.  Revenues are attributed to countries based upon the location of end-user customers or distributors.
 
Reclassifications:  Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year financial statements to conform to the current year's presentation with respect to the plastic injection molding operations being classified as discontinued.