Note 10 – Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of its business operations, the Company enters into arrangements that obligate it to make future payments under contracts such as lease agreements. Additionally, the Company is involved, from time to time, in commercial litigation, employment disputes, administrative proceedings, business disputes and other legal proceedings. The Company has established accruals for certain proceedings where those proceedings present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the time of determination. The Company believes that any such currently-pending proceedings are either covered by insurance or would not have a material effect on the business or its consolidated financial statements if decided in a manner that is unfavorable to the Company. Such proceedings are exclusive of environmental remediation matters which are discussed separately below.

Infrastructure Products Litigation

The Company is currently defending a number of product liability lawsuits arising out of vehicle collisions with highway barriers incorporating the Company’s X-Lite® end terminal. Despite the September 2017 reversal of a sizable judgment against a competitor, the Company expects that the significant attention brought to the infrastructure products industry by the original judgment may lead to additional lawsuits being filed against the Company and others in the industry.

The Company intends to vigorously defend each of these allegations. The Company maintains insurance to mitigate the impact of adverse judgment exposures in the current product liability cases. Based on the information currently available to the Company, the Company does not believe that a loss is probable in any of these lawsuits; therefore, no accrual has been included in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. While it is possible that a loss may be incurred, the Company is unable to estimate a range of potential loss due to the complexity and current status of these lawsuits.

Environmental Remediation

In 1992, the Company entered into a consent decree with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) in which the Company committed to remediate environmental contamination of the groundwater that was discovered from 1982 through 1990 at and adjacent to its Lindsay, Nebraska facility (the “site”). The site was added to the EPA’s list of priority superfund sites in 1989. Between 1993 and 1995, remediation plans for the site were approved by the EPA and fully implemented by the Company. Since 1998, the primary remaining contamination at the site has been the presence of volatile organic compounds in the soil and groundwater. To date, the remediation process has consisted primarily of drilling wells into the aquifer and pumping water to the surface to allow these contaminants to be removed by aeration.

In fiscal 2012, the Company undertook an investigation to assess further potential site remediation and containment actions. In connection with the receipt of preliminary results of this investigation and other evaluations, the Company estimated that it would incur $7.2 million in remediation of source area contamination and operating costs and accrued that undiscounted amount. In addition to this source area, the Company determined that volatile organic compounds also existed under one of the manufacturing buildings on the site. Due to the location, the Company had not yet determined the extent of these compounds or the extent to which they were contributing to groundwater contamination. Based on the uncertainty of the remediation actions that might be required with respect to this affected area, the Company believed that meaningful estimates of costs or range of costs could not be made and accordingly were not accrued at that time.

In December 2014, the EPA requested that the Company prepare a feasibility study related to the site, including the area covered by the building, which resulted in a revision to the Company’s remediation timeline. In the first quarter of fiscal 2015, the Company accrued $1.5 million of incremental operating costs to reflect its updated timeline.

The Company began soil and groundwater testing in preparation for developing this feasibility study during the first quarter of fiscal 2016. During the second quarter of fiscal 2016, the Company completed its testing which clarified the extent of contamination, including the identification of a source of contamination near the manufacturing building that was not part of the area for which reserves were previously established. The Company, with the assistance of third-party environmental experts, developed and evaluated remediation alternatives, a proposed remediation plan, and estimated costs. Based on these estimates of future remediation and operating costs, the Company accrued an additional $13.0 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2016 and included the related expenses in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

The current estimated aggregate accrued cost of $16.8 million is based on consideration of several remediation options that would use different technologies, each of which the Company believes could be successful in meeting the long-term regulatory requirements of the site. The Company participated in a meeting with the EPA and the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality (the “NDEQ”) during the third quarter of fiscal 2016 to review remediation alternatives and proposed plans for the site and submitted its remedial alternatives evaluation report to the EPA in August 2016. The proposed remediation plan is preliminary and has not been approved by the EPA or the NDEQ. Based on guidance from third-party environmental experts and further discussions with the EPA and the NDEQ, the Company anticipates that a definitive plan will not be agreed upon until later in fiscal 2018 or beyond.

The Company accrues the anticipated cost of investigation and remediation when the obligation is probable and can be reasonably estimated. Costs are charged against the accrual in the period in which they are paid. While the Company believes the current accrual is a good faith estimate of the long-term cost of remediation at this site based on the preliminary analysis currently available, the estimate of costs and their timing could change as a result of a number of factors, including (1) EPA and NDEQ input on the proposed remediation plan and any changes which they may subsequently require, (2) refinement of cost estimates and length of time required to complete remediation and post-remediation operations and maintenance, (3) effectiveness of the technology chosen in remediation of the site as well as changes in technology that may become available in the future, and (4) unforeseen circumstances existing at the site. As a result of these factors, the actual amount of costs incurred by the Company in connection with the remediation of contamination of its Lindsay, Nebraska site could vary from the amounts currently accrued for this expense. While any revisions could be material to the operating results of any fiscal quarter or fiscal year, the Company does not expect such additional expenses would have a material adverse effect on its liquidity or financial condition.

The following table summarizes the undiscounted environmental remediation liability classifications included in the balance sheet as of May 31, 2018, May 31, 2017, and August 31, 2017:

($ in thousands)	May 31, 2018		May 31, 2017		August 31, 2017
Other current liabilities	$	1,281	$	2,134	$	2,095
Other noncurrent liabilities		15,513		16,161		15,937
Total environmental remediation liabilities	$	16,794	$	18,295	$	18,032