-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, TTMhJ0x3v8tv8uxNPhXsejmoRjiG7SymWwyBwEBOOJcMAUG0FCkkKS9rfEof4Id1 MxjttIkJ7JGKWaVY56NQqA== 0000891618-00-001856.txt : 20000331 0000891618-00-001856.hdr.sgml : 20000331 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000891618-00-001856 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K405 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 19991231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20000330 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: NOVELLUS SYSTEMS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0000836106 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SPECIAL INDUSTRY MACHINERY, NEC [3559] IRS NUMBER: 770024666 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K405 SEC ACT: SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-17157 FILM NUMBER: 585943 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3970 N FIRST ST CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95134 BUSINESS PHONE: 4089439700 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 81 VISTA MONTANA STREET 2: 81 VISTA MONTANA CITY: SAN JOSE STATE: CA ZIP: 95134 10-K405 1 FORM 10-K405 1 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (Mark One) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999 [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _______ to _______ Commission File Number 0-17157 NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) CALIFORNIA 77-0024666 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation of organization) Identification No.) 4000 NORTH FIRST STREET SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95134 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (408) 943-9700 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of Each Exchange on Title of Each Class Which Registered None N/A Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES [X] NO [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X] As of February 29, 2000 the aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $5,786,500,000 based on the average of the high and low prices of the Common Stock as reported on the NASDAQ National Market on such date. Shares of Common Stock held by officers, directors and holders of more than 5% of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded from this calculation because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. The number of shares of Common Stock outstanding on February 29, 2000 was 120,466,785. Documents Incorporated by Reference: Part II of this Report on Form 10-K incorporates by reference to Registrant's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders. Part III of this Report on Form 10-K incorporates information by reference from the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2000 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 2 PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS Novellus Systems, Inc. ("Novellus" or "the Company") was incorporated in April 1984 as a California Corporation. The Company manufactures, markets and services advanced automated wafer fabrication systems for the deposition of thin films within the semiconductor equipment market. The Company is a leading supplier of high productivity deposition systems used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) systems employ a chemical plasma to deposit all of the dielectric (insulating) layers and certain of the conductive metal layers on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) systems are used to deposit conductive metal layers by sputtering metallic atoms from the surface of a target source via high DC power. Electrofill systems are used for depositing copper conductive layers in a dual damascene design architecture using an aqueous solution. The Company's strategy is to focus on major semiconductor manufacturers, and has sold one or more of its systems to each of the 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND The semiconductor industry has experienced significant growth over the past decade due to increased demand for personal computers and the internet; the expansion of the telecommunications industry (and especially wireless communications); the emergence of new applications such as consumer electronics products; and the increased semiconductor content in these electronics systems. Significant performance advantages and lower prices for integrated circuits have contributed to the growth and expansion of the semiconductor industry over time. The semiconductor market is cyclical by nature, however, characterized by short-term periods of either under or oversupply for both memory and logic devices. When demand decreases, semiconductor manufacturers typically slow their purchasing of capital equipment; conversely, when demand increases, so does capital spending. The late 1990s also saw the emergence of a new trend, driven by the increasingly rapid pace in which the size of the circuitry on the chip is decreasing. When chips decrease in size, circuits can operate more quickly. With size reduction, too, more chips can be produced on a given wafer size, and the yield per manufacturing machine goes up. So, with decreasing chip size more chips can be produced per machine, and there's a decreased need to build new manufacturing plants, in particular, for pure capacity expansion. New equipment featuring the latest technological advances, however, must often be purchased to manufacture the smaller-sized chips, and in many cases is retrofit into existing manufacturing facilities. The fabrication of integrated circuits requires a number of complex and repetitive processing steps, including deposition, photolithography and etch. Deposition is a process in which a film of either electrically insulating or electrically conductive material is deposited on the surface of a wafer. The three principal methods of this film deposition are CVD, which can be used to deposit both insulating and conductive films; PVD, which is used primarily for sputtering conductive metals onto the wafer surface; and electrofill, a process for depositing metal films via an electrically charged aqueous solution. In the CVD process, wafers are typically placed in a reaction chamber and a variety of pure and precisely metered gases are introduced while some form of energy is added to activate a chemical reaction on the wafer surface. The result of this reaction is the deposition of a film on the wafer. CVD processes are used to deposit all of the dielectric films in an integrated circuit. The dielectric layers in an integrated circuit include the initial interlayer, portions of the interconnect layers and the final passivation layer. CVD is also used for deposition of conductive metal layers, particularly those metals that are more difficult to deposit in smaller line width geometry devices through conventional PVD or other deposition technologies. CVD technology is particularly effective for depositing blanket tungsten as a "plug" layer that connects one conductive metal layer to another in a multi-level integrated circuit. For such applications, tungsten is replacing aluminum, which has certain physical properties that reduce its efficacy for the smaller interconnect holes of devices with smaller line width geometries. PVD, also known as "sputtering," is a process whereby ions of an inert gas, typically argon, are electrically accelerated in a high vacuum toward a target of pure metal, such as aluminum, tantalum, or copper. Upon impact, the argon ions "sputter" off bits of the target material, which then deposits on the silicon wafer to form thin conductive films which "wire" the thousands of transistors in the computer chip together. PVD processes are used to provide conducting liner and barrier metal layers to prevent diffusion or reactions between metals such as tungsten and silicon regions, and to provide underlying foundations for the nucleation of other metal deposition layers. Aluminum PVD is also widely used at the present time as the primary wiring material in up to six layers of device interconnect. The Company believes, however, that PVD tantalum barrier and copper seed layers will play an important role in enabling the transition from aluminum to copper as the primary wiring material. As the industry transitions to smaller and smaller line widths, a fundamental change is occurring with the movement from aluminum to copper wires as the primary conductors. Copper has lower resistance and capacitance values than aluminum, the present conductive metal used in integrated circuits. Because of this fact, copper has the potential to double the speed of an advanced microprocessor while reducing the number of metal layers required by as much as 50%. The electrofilling process was developed to deposit copper conductive lines. Due to the difficulties in etching copper, the metal is filled in a structure created within the circuit's insulating layers in a process called dual damascene: this is the reverse of the process used with aluminum, where the metal is deposited, etched to create lines and vias, and then filled with insulating layers between the metal lines. The most difficult task is filling copper into interconnect structures which can be less than 0.25 micron in width, with aspect ratios of up to 5:1. Electrofilling employs a liquid chemistry and electrolytic principles to deposit the copper wiring into the dielectric structure, a simple and cost-effective process that is also highly reliable. 2 3 Electrofill processes are used to produce the primary copper conductive layers in advanced integrated circuits (typically circuits smaller than 0.25 micron). The technology is believed by the Company to be extendible until at least the 0.13 micron design rule, and possibly down to 0.10 design rules; or in other words, approximately another 5 or 6 years given the current industry evolution. Advanced integrated circuit technology has created increased demand for more sophisticated semiconductor processing equipment. Today's complex semiconductor devices are being designed with line width geometries as small as 0.25 microns, with up to six layers of interconnect circuitry. The next generation of semiconductor devices, including 256 megabit DRAMs, will see line widths as small as 0.18 micron, and Novellus believes there will be widespread transition from aluminum to copper conductive lines for faster processing speeds. Each additional interconnect layer requires three separate layers of deposition, which include the initial metal layer, a non-conductive dielectric layer and then a "plug" metal film to fill patterned holes in the dielectric layer that connects the metal layers on either side of the dielectric. The Company believes that the greater complexity and number of interconnect layers in advanced integrated circuits will enable the markets for CVD aluminum and PVD aluminum to grow over the short term. Semiconductor manufacturers generally measure the cost performance of their production equipment in terms of "cost per wafer," which is determined by factoring in the fixed costs for acquisition and installation of the system, its variable operating costs and its net throughput rate. A system with higher throughput allows the semiconductor manufacturer to recover the purchase price of the system over a greater number of wafers and thereby reduce the cost of ownership of the system on a per wafer basis. Throughput is most accurately measured on a net or overall basis, which takes into account the processing speed of the system and any non-operational downtime for cleaning, maintenance or other repairs. Yield and film quality are also significant factors to the semiconductor manufacturer in selecting processing equipment. The increased costs of larger and more complex semiconductor wafers have made high yields extremely important to semiconductor manufacturers. To achieve higher yields and better film quality, deposition systems must be capable of repeating the original process on a consistent basis without a disqualifying level of defects. This characteristic, known in the industry as "repeatability," is extremely important in achieving commercially acceptable yields. Repeatability is more easily achieved in those systems that can operate at desired throughput rates without requiring the system to approach its critical tolerance limits. The continuing evolution of semiconductor devices to smaller line width geometries and more complex multi-level circuitry has significantly increased the cost and performance requirements of the capital equipment used to manufacture these devices. An advanced 200 mm wafer fabrication line can cost over $1 billion, representing a substantial increase over the costs of prior generation facilities. Increased capital depreciation costs will continue to become a much larger percentage of the aggregate production costs for semiconductor manufacturers relative to labor, materials and other variable manufacturing costs. As a result, there has been an increasing focus by the semiconductor industry on obtaining increased productivity and higher returns from its semiconductor manufacturing equipment, thereby reducing the effective cost of ownership of such systems. THE NOVELLUS SOLUTION Novellus focuses on advanced thin film deposition systems (CVD, PVD, and electrofill) that provide high film quality while attaining the high levels of productivity required to meet the semiconductor industry's need for high volume, low cost wafer production. The Company's multi-station sequential processing architecture of its PECVD and CVD tungsten products enables these systems to address each of the following critical parameters of system performance: CVD Solutions Throughput, Cost per Wafer. In contrast to CVD systems which process only one wafer at a time in a chamber, the Company's multi-station sequential deposition systems can process five, six, or even seven wafers at the same time in a chamber, leading to higher throughput levels. The design simplicity and automatic cleaning capabilities of the Company's systems further increase net throughput by reducing production downtime. Film Quality. With Novellus' unique sequential system design, each wafer receives a fraction of the desired film thickness at each of the five, six, or seven deposition stations in the process chamber. The "averaging" effect created by this design tends to reduce anomalies in film thickness and thereby improves film uniformity and quality. The Company's systems, for most films, can obtain within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity levels of +/- 1% of film thickness as measured at one standard deviation, which the Company believes is state-of-the-art for the industry. Process Repeatability. Because of the inherently higher throughput potential of continuous processing, the Company's systems are able to deposit materials at lower, more controlled rates than single wafer processing systems, which generally deposit at faster rates closer to the process performance limits to achieve production-level throughputs. Lower deposition rates avoid straining the system's process tolerance limits and thereby permit increased process control and repeatability. PVD Solutions. Through the acquisition of Varian's Thin Film Systems division in 1997, Novellus has extended its capabilities in PVD, introducing the INOVA(TM) system in April of 1998. PVD, a critical technology in the production of advanced semiconductor logic and memory devices, enables Novellus to provide metal deposition solutions for both aluminum primary conductor as well as copper barrier/seed layers. 3 4 Copper Electrofilling Solutions. Introduced in June 1998 after an extensive joint development program with IBM's Microelectronics Division, the SABRE(TM) copper electrofill tool is the industry's only production-proven machine for depositing copper conductive layers on sub-0.25 micron circuits. SABRE employs a patented wafer fixture to avoid backside contamination of the wafer from the plating bath; a unique bath cell design that ensures reproducibility of the copper fill; and a simple system architecture that ensures both high wafer throughput and system availability. Coupled with the INOVA PVD system, Novellus is able to offer a complete copper solution for the deposition of advanced circuits. STRATEGY The Company's objective is to increase its market share in the worldwide Thin Film Deposition market and strengthen its position as a leading supplier of semiconductor processing equipment. The key elements of the Company's strategy are as follows: Emphasis on High Productivity Deposition Systems. Novellus focuses on providing high productivity thin film deposition systems to leading semiconductor companies. The Company addresses the needs of semiconductor manufacturers through either its multi-chamber or unique continuous processing architecture, which enables its systems to attain high levels of wafer throughput, yield and film quality. The architecture's simple design also provides the Company's systems with long up-time and smaller footprints. The Company intends to retain its focus on productivity by leveraging its multi-chamber and continuous processing architecture in product enhancements and new product offerings. Leadership in dielectric and metallization deposition technologies. The Company's strategy is to provide a family of deposition systems, which utilize advanced CVD, PVD, and electrofilling technologies to address leading-edge wafer processing needs. The Company's Concept One(TM) Dielectric system offers dual frequency deposition technology to achieve results for a wide variety of films on wafers as large as eight inches and geometries as small as 0.35 micron. The Company's Concept One-W is used by manufacturers to connect multiple metal layers in advanced devices; the Company believes that it is currently the only system that provides full coverage tungsten deposition on a wafer's surface. The Company's Concept Two(TM) system is a modular CVD system designed to address the needs of wafer fabs that demand greater levels of wafer processing integration, higher volume production and increased factory automation. The Company is focusing its research and development efforts on additional Concept Two modules; advanced PVD and electrofilling technology; "gap fill" high-density plasma (HDP) technology; low-k dielectric materials; and additional advanced technologies for the next generation of smaller geometry fabrication lines, as well as equipment to process 300mm wafers. The Company's first offering in the advanced HDP technology market, SPEED(TM) was introduced in February 1996. Novellus further believes that the INOVA(TM) system will provide an advanced PVD system that can deliver tantalum barriers and copper seed layers for copper metallization, as well as Ti/Ti-nitride film quality with excellent particle performance. And finally, the company believes that the SABRE electrofill tool is emerging as the industry choice for the fill of copper vias and trenches using a dual damascene process. Focus On Major Semiconductor Manufacturers. The Company has sold one or more deposition systems to each of the 20 largest semiconductor manufacturers in the world. The Company's sales objective is to work closely with customers to secure purchase orders for multiple systems as these customers expand existing facilities; retrofit old facilities with new equipment; or build new fabs. The Company seeks to build customer loyalty and achieve a high level of repeat business by offering high reliability products, comprehensive field support and a responsive parts replacement and service program. Expansion Of Asian Market Presence. While Novellus derives a significant percentage of its net sales from the Asian marketplace, the Company believes that substantial additional growth potential exists in the region over the long term. Countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and Korea continue to represent a disproportionate share of the world's capacity for semiconductor manufacturing, and all are now showing a rebound from the industry downturn of 1997-1999. The Asian countries are particularly dominant in the manufacturing of memory products, which are enabling technologies for end use consumer applications such as the Internet. Currently, the Company's local presence in Asia includes sales and support offices throughout Japan (via the Company's wholly owned subsidiary, Nippon Novellus); two offices in Taiwan, and one each in Korea, China and Singapore. Novellus believes it is an important part of its current business strategy to aggressively build its presence in Asia to serve this strategically significant region. Low Manufacturing Cost Structure. Novellus utilizes an outsourcing strategy for the manufacture of major subassemblies and performs system design, assembly and testing in-house. Novellus believes that outsourcing enables it to minimize its fixed costs and capital expenditures while also providing the flexibility to increase capacity as needed. This strategy also allows the Company to focus on product differentiation through system design and quality control. Through the use of third party manufacturing specialists, the Company ensures that its subsystems incorporate advanced technologies in robotics, gas panels and microcomputers. The Company works closely with its suppliers to achieve mutual cost reduction through joint design efforts. 4 5 PRODUCTS Since the introduction of its original Concept One Dielectric system in 1987, the Company has developed and now offers a family of processing systems for the dielectric and metal deposition markets. The Concept One Dielectric deposits a variety of insulating or "dielectric" films on wafers including Oxide, Nitride and TEOS. In 1990, the Company introduced a modified version of the Concept One-Dielectric, the Concept One-W, which also uses a CVD process to deposit blanket tungsten metal films on wafers primarily as the metal interconnect between conductor layers in the integrated circuit layers. In November 1991, the Company introduced the Concept Two, which is a modular, integrated production system capable of depositing both dielectric and conductive metal layers by combining one or more processing chambers around a common, automated robotic wafer handler. In February 1996, the Company introduced SPEED on the Concept Two platform, targeted at advanced inter-metal dielectric ("IMD") deposition. Following the acquisition of Varian's Thin Film Systems Division, the Company announced the introduction of its INOVA system, an advanced PVD system that delivers Maxfill aluminum and Ti/Ti-nitride film quality for aluminum barrier layer applications, as well as highly conformal tantalum barrier copper seed layers (barrier/seed) for copper conductive layers. Most recently, in June 1998 Novellus announced the SABRE copper Electrofill(TM) system for producing copper conductive layers. With the SABRE product announcement, Novellus can now provide its customers with the entire set of metal and dielectric deposition processes required for 0.25 micron devices and below. CONCEPT ONE-DIELECTRIC The Concept One-Dielectric is shipped in two versions: the Concept One-150, which processes 100, 125, and 150 mm wafers (approximately 4, 5, and 6 inches in diameter), and the Concept One-200, which processes 125, 150 and 200 mm wafers (approximately 5, 6 and 8 inches in diameter, designed for advanced eight inch fabrication lines). The Concept One consists principally of two attached chambers and associated hardware and electronics. The first chamber of the system, called the "loadlock," isolates the process chamber from the outside environment. Depending on the model of the Concept One-Dielectric, the loadlock accepts up to 75 wafers sized from 100 to 200 mm, stored in cassette carriers. The operator inserts the cassettes of wafers in batches into the loadlock, and the pressure inside the loadlock is decreased to create a vacuum, which matches the constant pressure level of the process chamber. A robotic arm in the center of the loadlock, the wafer transport mechanism, transfers wafers one at a time from the cassettes to the process chamber and, upon completion of the deposition process, returns the finished wafers to the cassettes. The loadlock isolates the process chamber from the fabrication environment, permitting the process chamber to remain at constant temperature and pressure while wafers are transferred from the clean-room to the loadlock and from the loadlock to the process chamber. These stable process chamber conditions enhance film quality, process repeatability, and throughput. The loadlock design also reduces particulate contamination because the robotic arm is the only moving mechanism in the loadlock and because the wafer cassettes are isolated from the clean-room. The process chamber for the Concept One-Dielectric has six or eight stations, depending on the model. One station is used as a load/unload site and the remaining five, six, or seven stations are used for wafer deposition. Each deposition station employs a dedicated shower head which delivers gases and plasma energy to the wafer surface. In a six station process chamber, for example, each wafer moves through the system and stops at each of the five deposition stations to receive one-fifth of its preprogrammed film thickness. Some CVD products, called "single wafer" systems, process only one wafer at a time in a process chamber, while multistation continuous process systems, like the Concept One, can process numerous wafers at the same time. The continuous processing capabilities of a multistation system generally enable such systems to attain higher throughput while using a less critical, more repeatable process than would be required for a single wafer system at equivalent throughput levels. This multiple deposition design also results in greater film uniformity and improved film quality because small variations in deposition at any single station tend to be offset by deposition of the same film at other stations. After the entire batch of up to 75 wafers has been processed and returned to the cassettes, an automatic cleaning cycle in the process chamber removes residual deposition materials, which could otherwise cause particulate contamination in a subsequent deposition process. During this cleaning cycle, the loadlock automatically returns to atmospheric pressure, enabling the operator to remove the cassettes of finished wafers without impacting system throughput. The Concept One-Dielectric uses electrical radio frequency (RF) plasma energy to enhance thermal energy, enabling the system to process wafers at a relatively low temperature, and thus reducing the risk of heat damage to existing metal layers during processing. The system also suppresses hillock formation by limiting the time that the wafer is exposed to elevated temperatures prior to deposition. The wafer is heated for 10 seconds or less in advance of deposition in the Concept One-Dielectric, which the Company believes is one of the shortest preheat times of any CVD system. Stress related defects are addressed through the system by addition of a proprietary dual frequency, "stress control" option which the Company offers. The system's vacuum loadlock reduces the level of particles, thereby improving film quality by isolating the process chamber of the Concept One-Dielectric from temperature and pressure fluctuations. In addition, the automatic cleaning capability and relatively simple mechanical design of the system reduce particulate contaminants and thereby increase yields and film quality. In 1995, the Company introduced an extension to its Concept One-Dielectric system, the Concept One Maxus(TM). The Maxus extends the Company's performance in nitride passivation by enhancing the nitride deposition rate while retaining nitride film performance. It also enhances the gap fill capability of TEOS films by enabling fluorinated-TEOS (F-TEOS) processing for .35 micron gap fill. F-TEOS enables the customer to lower the dielectric constant to 3.7, an important capability in enhancing device performance. The Maxus is also available on the Concept Two platform. 5 6 CONCEPT ONE-W The Concept One-W was introduced in 1990 to address the tungsten CVD market. The Concept One-W deposits blanket tungsten metal films, increasingly used in advanced semiconductor devices to connect multiple metal layers in the integrated circuit. Like the Concept One-Dielectric, the Concept One-W uses a multistation sequential deposition design that achieves high throughput with desirable film properties for the entire range of film thickness. The Concept One-W also uses an approach patented by the Company to provide full-coverage front-side tungsten deposition while preventing deposition of tungsten on the backside of the wafer. This capability helps prevent the generation of damaging particles on the wafer and eliminates the need for time-consuming etching on the backside of the wafer to remove the film. During 1993, the Concept One-W successfully completed a 21 day, 24 hour-per-day wafer manufacturing trial at SEMATECH, a U.S. semiconductor industry consortium. The results of this extended manufacturing trial demonstrated that the Concept One-W achieved or surpassed all program goals, which included system availability, film uniformity, particulates and other film properties. In 1993, SEMATECH also announced that the Concept One-W was one of a group of U.S. manufactured semiconductor production tools capable of producing devices with 0.35 micron geometries. The success of the Concept One-W in these SEMATECH trials was a major milestone for the Company in attaining market acceptance for the Concept One-W with major U.S. semiconductor manufacturers, and in enabling the Company to penetrate certain of these important accounts. CONCEPT TWO The Concept Two, introduced in November 1991, is a modular, integrated production system capable of depositing both dielectric and conductive metal layers by combining one or more processing chambers around a common, robotic wafer handler. The Concept Two enables the semiconductor manufacturer to increase production throughput and system capability as needed without equipment replacement by adding additional process modules through the Concept Two's modular configuration. The Concept Two was initially available with a tungsten process chamber and a PVD process module for deposition of certain metal layers. In late 1994, a dielectric process module became available for Concept Two systems. The Concept Two has been designed to be compatible with the modular equipment interface standard established by the Modular Equipment Standards Committee ("MESC"), sponsored by SEMATECH. The Concept Two in a typical configuration incorporates a central cassette module and wafer handler that interfaces with the clean-room, and includes multiple interfaces for process or transport modules. The cassette module, through its robotics, manages wafer movement between the various processing stations that can be included in a particular Concept Two configuration. Different cassette modules are available, depending on customer requirements. An optional isolation chamber is also available that is connected to the cassette module to connect high vacuum process chambers and other portions of the system. In 1993, the Company introduced the Concept Two-ALTUS(TM), which combines the modular architecture of the Concept Two system with an advanced tungsten CVD process chamber. The system features a dual loadlock cassette module with full factory automation capability to meet the high throughput requirements of high volume, automated eight inch wafer fabs. This dual loadlock cassette handler permits continuous operation of the process chamber with one loadlock, while a second loadlock is simultaneously being loaded or unloaded by the operator in the clean-room. Through its modular configuration, the Concept Two enables the semiconductor manufacturer to combine multistation modules for slower processes with single wafer modules for faster processes to balance the throughput of the overall system. A dielectric version of the Concept Two ALTUS(TM), the Concept Two SEQUEL(TM), was shipped in late 1994. This system brought the same level of factory automation and throughput to the dielectric market as the ALTUS did to the metals market. The Concept Two SEQUEL(TM) was initially shipped in a single chamber version targeted at thin dielectric films used in volume 200mm inter-metal dielectric production applications. In 1994, the Company introduced the Concept Two-Dual ALTUS tungsten deposition system. The Dual ALTUS features the production proven performance of Novellus' tungsten CVD chamber in a dual chamber configuration that delivers the throughput power to dramatically lower the cost of tungsten deposition. The Company believes that the Dual ALTUS is a solution in the industry for very high volume 200mm wafer fabs producing 0.35 micron semiconductor devices. Subsequent to 1994, the Company has continued to expand its Concept Two product offerings as follows: CONCEPT TWO DUAL SEQUEL This dual chamber version of the SEQUEL dielectric family is designed for high throughput deposition of thick films, such as layers before CMP (chemical mechanical polishing), and dual layer passivation films. The Dual SEQUEL employs two process chambers to provide the throughput power of twelve stations, resulting in dramatic improvements in productivity for these types of films. CONCEPT TWO SEQUEL-S AND ALTUS-S These enhanced versions of the SEQUEL and ALTUS systems offer improved throughput performance for both thick and thin dielectric films, while occupying 45% less space than previous versions. They also provide a range of improved maintainability features and design enhancements that reduce customer facilities costs. The two products are available in both single and dual chamber versions. 6 7 CONCEPT TWO SEQUEL EXPRESS(TM) Introduced in June of 1999, SEQUEL EXPRESS is an advanced version of the SEQUEL system, designed to deposit Novellus' CORAL(TM) family of low-k dielectric films, as well as all other advanced films required for 0.18 micron and smaller devices. With a throughput in excess of 110 wafers per hour, SEQUEL EXPRESS delivers up to 40 percent higher capital productivity and up to 40 percent lower cost of ownership than competing CVD systems. CONCEPT TWO PRISM(TM) The Prism(TM) MOCVD Ti-nitride system offers thin barrier solutions for high aspect ratio structures with barrier properties, conformality and film stability. This system is used to form a high quality, low cost barrier/adhesion layer prior to depositing tungsten. The Company began shipments of this system in 1996. CONCEPT TWO SPEED Introduced in February 1996, SPEED is the Company's advanced dielectric gap fill system, the semiconductor capital equipment industry's first high density plasma deposition solution capable of high-volume manufacturing. SPEED is targeted for advanced IMD deposition for 0.35 micron devices and below. SPEED is offered either as a stand alone gap fill system or integrated with the Concept Two SEQUEL to provide a complete high-throughput, low-cost gap fill and chemical mechanical polishing gap layer solution for logic manufacturing. SPEED is a single wafer processing system, and uses a patented hemispherical source design and a proprietary electrostatic chuck to provide excellent fill, reproducibility, low damage and high throughput. In 1996 the Company received and shipped orders for multiple production SPEED systems and announced an enhanced version (SPEED-S) that occupies 40% less space, thus improving throughput densities for customers. ANTI REFLECTION LAYER In December 1996, the Company announced a new plasma enhanced anti-reflection layer film ("ARL"). The ARL product, PEARL(TM), achieves tighter levels of critical dimension control with in-line and Deep UV lithography in advanced semiconductor devices while reducing cost per wafer. Running on a Concept Two SEQUEL, the Company believes that PEARL offers competitive throughput and low cost of ownership for the industry. The PEARL product is currently being used in production in customer manufacturing facilities. CORAL(TM) LOW-K DIELECTRIC FILMS Commensurate with the launch of SEQUEL EXPRESS in June of 1999, Novellus introduced the CORAL family of low dielectric constant (low-k) films, designed for the manufacture of advanced devices down to sub-0.1 micron geometries, and in particular, copper dual damascene structures. CORAL films are carbon-doped oxide CVD films with dielectric constants in the range of 3.3 k to less than 2.5 k. Matched with Novellus' thin films for copper barriers and etch stops, CORAL yields an effective capacitance reduction of up to 40 percent in semiconductor devices. CONCEPT THREE(TM) In December 1997, the Company introduced its Concept Three family of chemical vapor deposition systems for dielectric and tungsten applications on 300mm wafers. The Concept Three(TM) products include the C3-SPEED(TM), the C3-SEQUEL(TM), and the C-3 ALTUST(TM). Because the Concept Three systems are based on the production proven Novellus Concept Two products, the Company believes that they should offer minimal risk to its customers in making the transition from 200mm to 300mm volume chipmaking. INOVA(TM) SYSTEM Introduced in April 1998, the INOVA system is an advanced PVD system that delivers tantalum barrier and copper seed layers required prior to copper electrofilling, as well as Maxfill aluminum and Ti/Ti-nitride films for aluminum liner/barrier applications. The INOVA incorporates Novellus' uniquely-designed Hollow Cathode Magnetron ("HCM") technology, which the Company believes offers better target utilization, extended maintenance intervals, and lower cost of ownership in comparison with collimated and other ionized sputtering techniques. The INOVA is a multi-chamber single wafer processing system. SABRE The SABRE system was introduced in July 1998 after an extensive development program with IBM and is believed by the Company to be the most reliable and technologically advanced copper electrofilling system available on the market. SABRE has been proven to provide void-free copper fill of sub-0.15 micron trench features (at 9 or 10:1 aspect ratios) and 0.25 micron vias (at 5:1 aspect ratios). SABRE employs a proprietary electrofilling cell that eliminates the backside wafer contamination of copper, and features a unique plating cell design that ensures reproducibility of the copper fill, with a film uniformity of 3 sigma, < 5% with a wafer. SABRE requires only two types of process modules to complete the electrofill process, one for electrofilling (3 stations total) and the other for spin/rinse/dry (another 3 stations). The resulting simplicity of this design is key to the system's high reliability and manufacturing availability. 7 8 SABRE xT Introduced in April of 1999, the SABRE xT is a second-generation electrofill tool designed to provide void-free fill in 0.13 micron geometries with aspect ratios up to 10:1. The xT is a 200 mm/300 mm "bridge tool" (i.e., capable of processing either 200 or 300 mm wafers) that incorporates process enhancements in the areas of electrical waveforms, advanced bath chemistries, and automated chemical monitoring and control using Novellus' proprietary SmartDose(TM) algorithm. Up to 75 wafers per hour can be processed by the SABRE xT. Within wafer uniformity performance of <2% 1 sigma and wafer-to-wafer uniformity of <1% 1 sigma has been achieved with the SABRE xT in a production environment. MARKETING, SALES AND SERVICE Novellus markets its products worldwide to manufacturers of semiconductors, including both captive fabrication lines (which produce semiconductors primarily for internal consumption) and merchant semiconductor manufacturers (which produce semiconductors primarily for sales to third party customers). In North America, the Company sells products primarily through a direct sales force. The Company's U.S. sales and support offices are located in Salem, New Hampshire; Orlando, Florida; Austin and Dallas, Texas; Phoenix, Arizona; Hopewell Junction, New York; Williston, Vermont; Bath, Pennsylvania; Manassas, Virginia; Vancouver, Washington, and Newport Beach, California. In Europe, the Company's products are predominantly sold through a wholly owned subsidiary, Novellus Systems, Ltd., which has sales and support facilities outside London, England, and in Scotland. The Company also has sales and services support offices in The Netherlands, France, Germany, Ireland and Israel. In Asia, the Company sells its products through wholly owned subsidiaries in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and China. The Company's Japanese subsidiary maintains its headquarters near Tokyo and has eight sales offices throughout Japan. The ability to provide prompt and effective field support is critical to the Company's sales efforts, due to the substantial operational and financial commitments made by customers that purchase a deposition system. The Company's strategy of supporting its installed base through both its customer support and research and development groups has served to encourage use of the Company's systems in production applications and has accelerated penetration of certain key accounts. The Company believes that its marketing efforts are enhanced by the technical expertise of its research and development personnel who provide customer process support and participate in a number of industry forums, such as conferences and publications. The Company believes that its ability to service its customers is enhanced by the design simplicity of its systems. The Company generally warrants its products against defects in design, materials, and workmanship. In 1992, the Company became the first semiconductor equipment manufacturer to extend its warranty to 24 months from shipment and in 1993 also included the cost of all consumable parts in the system and preventative maintenance parts under warranty. The Company offers maintenance contracts as an additional service to its customers. For the year ended December 31, 1999, one customer accounted for approximately 17% of the Company's net sales. For the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997, there were no individual customers who accounted for more than 10% of the Company's net sales. Export sales (including sales made by the Company's Japanese subsidiary) for the year ended December 31, 1999 were approximately $394.4 million, or 67% of net sales. Export sales for the year ended December 31, 1998 were approximately $262.3 million, or 51% of net sales. For the year ended December 31, 1997, export sales were approximately $250.1 million or 47% of net sales. Historically, the Company has sold a significant proportion of its systems in any particular period to a limited number of customers. Sales to the Company's ten largest customers in 1999, 1998 and 1997 accounted for 65%, 57%, and 48% of net sales, respectively. The Company expects that sales of its products to relatively few customers will continue to account for a high percentage of its net sales in the foreseeable future. None of the Company's customers has entered into a long-term agreement requiring it to purchase the Company's products. The Company believes that sales to certain of its customers will decrease in the near future as those customers complete current purchasing requirements for new or expanded fabrication facilities. Although the composition of the group comprising the Company's largest customers has varied from year to year, the loss of a significant customer or any reduction in orders from any significant customer, including reductions due to customer departures from recent buying patterns, market, economic or competitive conditions in the semiconductor industry or in the industries that manufacture products utilizing integrated circuits, could adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, sales of the Company's systems depend in significant part upon the decision of a prospective customer to increase manufacturing capacity or to expand current manufacturing capacity, both of which typically involve a significant capital commitment. The Company has from time to time experienced delays in finalizing system sales following initial system qualification. Due to these and other factors, the Company's systems typically have a lengthy sales cycle during which the Company may expend substantial funds and management effort. BACKLOG As of December 31, 1999, the Company's backlog was $329.5 million, as compared to a backlog of $108.4 million at December 31, 1998. The Company includes in its backlog only those customer orders for which it has accepted purchase orders and assigned shipment dates within twelve months. All orders are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by customers with limited or no penalties. Because of orders received in the same quarter in which a system is shipped, possible changes in system delivery schedules, cancellations of orders and delays in systems shipments, the Company's backlog at any particular date is not necessarily a reliable indicator of actual sales for any succeeding period. 8 9 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to rapid technological change and new product introductions and enhancements. The Company's ability to remain competitive in this market will depend in part upon its ability to develop new and enhanced systems and to introduce these systems at competitive prices and on a timely and cost-effective basis. Accordingly, the Company devotes a significant portion of its personnel and financial resources to research and development programs and seeks to maintain close relationships with its customers to remain responsive to their product needs. The Company's current research and development efforts are directed at development of new systems and processes and improving existing system capabilities. The Company is focusing its research and development efforts on additional Concept Two modules, advanced PVD systems, advanced gap fill technology, primary conductor metals, low-K dielectric materials and additional advanced technologies for the next generation of smaller geometry fabrication lines, as well as equipment to process 300mm wafers. Expenditures for research and development during 1999, 1998 and 1997 were $119.7 million, $106.5 million, and $89.8 million, respectively, or approximately 20%, 21%, and 17% of net sales, respectively. The amount and percentage of sales in 1997 for research and development exclude the in-process research and development charge of $119.2 million related to the acquisition of Varian's Thin Film Systems business (TFS). The Company expects in future years that research and development expenditures will continue to represent a substantial percentage of net sales. The success of the Company in developing, introducing and selling new and enhanced systems depends upon a variety of factors, including product selection, timely and efficient completion of product design and development, timely and efficient implementation of manufacturing and assembly processes, product performance in the field and effective sales and marketing. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in selecting, developing, manufacturing and marketing new products or in enhancing its existing products. As is typical in the semiconductor capital equipment market, the Company has experienced delays from time to time in the introduction of, and certain technical and manufacturing difficulties with, certain of its systems and enhancements and may experience delays and technical and manufacturing difficulties in future introductions or volume production of new systems or enhancements. The Company's inability to complete the development or meet the technical specifications of any of its new systems or enhancements or to manufacture and ship these systems or enhancements in volume in a timely manner would materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Company may incur substantial unanticipated costs to ensure the functionality and reliability of its future product introductions early in the product's life cycle. If new products have reliability or quality problems, reduced orders or higher manufacturing costs, delays in collecting accounts receivable and additional service and warranty expense may result. Any of these events could materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. MANUFACTURING The Company's manufacturing activities consist primarily of assembling and testing components and subassemblies which are acquired from third party vendors and then integrated into a finished system by the Company. The Company utilizes an outsourcing strategy for the manufacture of major subassemblies and performs system design, assembly and testing in-house. Novellus believes that outsourcing enables it to minimize its fixed costs and capital expenditures while also providing the flexibility to increase production capacity. This strategy also allows the Company to focus on product differentiation through system design and quality control. Through the use of manufacturing specialists, the Company believes that its subsystems incorporate advanced technologies in robotics, gas panels and microcomputers. The Company works closely with its suppliers on achieving mutual cost reduction through joint design efforts. The Company manufactures its system units in clean-room environments, which are similar to the clean rooms used by semiconductor manufacturers for wafer fabrication. This procedure is intended to reduce the amount of particulates and other contaminants in the final assembled system, which in turn improves yield and reduces the level of contaminants at the customer level. Following assembly, the completed system is packaged in a plastic shrink wrap to maintain clean-room standards during shipment. The Company uses numerous suppliers to supply parts, components and subassemblies (collectively, "parts") for the manufacture and support of its products. Although the Company makes reasonable efforts to ensure that parts are available from multiple suppliers, this is not always possible; accordingly, certain key parts are obtained from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. These suppliers are, in some cases, thinly capitalized, independent companies that generate significant portions of their business from the Company and/or a small group of other companies in the semiconductor industry. Although the Company seeks to reduce its dependence on these limited source suppliers, disruption or termination of certain of these sources could occur and such disruptions could have at least a temporary adverse effect on the Company's operations. Moreover, a prolonged inability to obtain certain components could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations and could result in damage to customer relationships. COMPETITION Significant competitive factors in the semiconductor equipment market include system performance and flexibility, cost, the size of each manufacturer's installed customer base, capability for customer support and breadth of product line. The Company believes that it competes favorably in the deposition equipment marketplace primarily on the basis of system performance and flexibility, cost and customer support capability. In addition, the Company believes that the acquisition of TFS and its 1998 announcements of a copper primary conductor product will allow the Company to develop and compete successfully in the PVD and copper electrofill areas of the market, respectively. 9 10 However, the semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive and characterized by increasingly rapid technological changes. The Company faces substantial competition in the market in which it competes from both established competitors and potential new entrants. In the CVD and PVD areas of the market, the Company's principal competitor is Applied Materials, Inc., which is a major supplier of CVD and PVD systems and has established a substantial base of CVD, PVD and other equipment in large semiconductor manufacturers. In the copper electrofill area of the market, the Company's principal competitors are Semitool (which has a large installed base of R&D tools), EEJA, a Japanese company with ties to the chemistry supplier Enthone-OMI, and Applied Materials, which entered the market with an electroplating tool in April of 1999. Certain of the Company's competitors have greater financial, marketing, technical or other resources, broader product lines, greater customer service capabilities and larger and more established sales organizations and customer bases than the Company. The Company may also face future competition from new market entrants from other overseas and domestic sources. The Company expects its competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of their products. There can be no assurance that the Company's competitors will not develop enhancements to or future generations of competitive products that will offer price or performance features. In addition, a substantial investment is required by customers to install and integrate capital equipment into a semiconductor production line. As a result, once a semiconductor manufacturer has selected a particular vendor's capital equipment, the Company believes that the manufacturer will be generally reliant upon that equipment for the specific production line application. Accordingly, the Company may experience difficulty in selling a product line to a particular customer for a significant period of time if that customer selects a competitor's product. Increased competitive pressure could lead to lower prices for the Company's products, thereby materially adversely affecting the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future. PATENTS AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS The Company intends to continue to pursue the legal protection of its technology primarily through patent and trade secret protection. The Company currently holds over 100 patents and intends to file additional patent applications as appropriate. There can be no assurance that patents will be issued from any of these pending applications or that any claims allowed from existing or pending patents will be sufficiently broad to protect the Company's technology. While the Company intends to protect its intellectual property rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that any patents held by the Company will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that the rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages to the Company (see Item 3 "Legal Proceedings"). The Company also relies on trade secrets and proprietary technology that it seeks to protect, in part, through confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and other parties. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that the Company will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that the Company's trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or independently developed by others. There has also been substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in semiconductor related industries. The Company is currently involved in such litigation (see Item 3 "Legal Proceedings"), and, although, except as set forth in Item 3 , "Legal Proceedings," it is not aware of any claim of infringement by its products of any patent or proprietary rights of others, it could become involved in additional litigation in the future. Although the Company does not believe the outcome of the current litigation will have a material impact on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations, no assurances can be given that this litigation or future litigation will not have such an impact. In addition to the current litigation, the Company's operations, including the further commercialization of the Company's products, could provoke additional claims of infringement from third parties. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce patents issued to the Company, to protect trade secrets or know-how owned by the Company or to defend the Company against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by the Company, which by itself could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. Further, adverse determinations in such litigation could result in the Company's loss of proprietary rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to seek licenses from third parties or prevent the Company from manufacturing or selling its products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. EMPLOYEES At December 31, 1999, the Company had 1,749 full time and temporary employees. The success of the Company's future operations depends in large part on the Company's ability to recruit and retain engineers and technicians, as well as marketing, sales, service and other key personnel, who in each case are in great demand. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in retaining or recruiting key personnel. None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor union and the Company has never experienced a work stoppage, slowdown, or strike. The Company currently considers its employee relations to be good. 10 11 The Company's success depends to a significant extent upon a limited number of key employees and other members of senior management of the Company. The loss of the service of one or more of these key employees could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Although the Company has recently experienced significant growth in net sales, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to maintain or increase the level of net sales in future periods. This growth has placed, and is expected to continue to place, a significant strain on the Company's management and operations. The Company's inability to effectively manage growth, or to attract and retain the personnel it requires, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. The statements contained in this Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1993 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding the Company's expectations, objectives, anticipations, plans, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the discussion of the Company's strategy to focus on major semiconductor manufacturers, under the heading "Item 1, Business;" the statements regarding (a) the Company's belief that PVD, tantalum barrier and copper seed layers may play an important role in replacing aluminum with copper as the primary wiring material, (b) the Company's belief that electrofill process technology will be extendible to at least the 0.13 micron design rule, and possibly down to 0.10 design rules; or, in other words, approximately another 5 or 6 years given the current industry evolution; (c) Novellus' belief that there will be widespread transition from aluminum to copper conductive lines for faster processing speeds, and (d) the Company's belief regarding the greater complexity and number of interconnect layers in advanced integrated circuits, (e) the effect of the evolution of semiconductor devices to smaller line width geometries and more complex multi-level circuitry on the cost and performance requirements of capital equipment used to manufacture these devices, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Industry Background;" the Company's beliefs regarding Throughput, Cost per Wafer and Film Quality, the Company's belief that within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity levels of +/- 1% of film thickness as measured at one standard deviation are state-of-the-art for the industry, under the heading "Item 1, Business - The Novellus Solution;" the discussion of the Company's strategies under the heading "Item 1, Business - Strategy;" the Company's belief that the 10-second heating period in advance of deposition in the Concept One - Dielectric is one of the shortest preheat times of any CVD system, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Products - Concept One - - Dielectric:" the Company's belief that the Dual ALTUS offers a solution in the industry for very high volume 200 mm wafer fabs producing 0.35 micron semiconductor devices, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Products - Concept Two;" the Company's belief that ARL offers competitive throughput and low cost of ownership for the industry, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Products - Anti Reflection Layer," the Company's belief that the Concept Three family of systems should offer minimal risks to its customers in making the transition from 200 mm to 300 mm volume chipmaking, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Products - Concept Three;" the Company's belief that HCM technology offers better target utilization, extended maintenance intervals, and lower cost of ownership in comparison with collimated and other ionized sputtering techniques, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Products -Inova System;" the Company's belief that the SABRE system is the most reliable and technologically advanced electrofilling system available on the market, under the heading "Item 1, Business Products - SABRE." Forward-looking statements also include (a) the Company's belief that its marketing efforts are enhanced by the technical expertise of its research and development personnel, (b) belief that its service to its customers is enhanced by the design simplicity of its systems, (c) the expectation that sales of its products to relatively few customers will continue to account for a high percentage of its net sales in the foreseeable future, and (d) the Company's belief that sales to certain customers will decrease in the future; under the heading "Item 1, Business - Marketing, Sales and Service"; the Company's expectation that research and development expenditures will continue to represent a substantial percentage of sales, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Research and Development"; the Company's belief as to its favorable competitiveness in the deposition equipment marketplace and the Company's belief that the acquisition of TFS and its 1998 announcement of a copper primary conductor product will allow the Company to develop and compete successfully in the PVD and copper electrofill areas of the market and that manufacturers will be generally reliant upon specific equipment, under the heading "Item 1, Business - Competition"; the Company's belief that its current properties will be sufficient to meet the Company's requirements for the foreseeable future, under heading "Item 2, Properties"; the Company's belief that there are meritorious defenses in the Applied and Semitool litigations, and the Company's beliefs with respect to the outcomes of the Applied Materials and Semitool litigations and current patent infringement inquiries, under the heading "Item 3, Legal Proceedings." All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to the Company on the date hereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. It is important to note that the Company's actual results could differ materially from those included in such forward-looking statements. The reader should also consult the cautionary statements and risk factors listed from time to time in the Company's Reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K, 10-K and Annual Report to Shareholders. See Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 11 12 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES The Company's operations are conducted primarily in eight buildings in the North San Jose, California area and one building in Wilsonville, Oregon. The San Jose buildings are leased by the Company and consist of 558,613 square feet. The leases expire in 2002 and provide for an extension to 2005. The buildings house two Manufacturing operations, a Research and Development facility, various Administrative and Customer Support offices, an Applications Demonstration Lab, Corporate Headquarters, and a new state of the art Customer Demonstration Lab. The Wilsonville, Oregon building is a leased facility and consists of 26,900 square feet of Manufacturing, Research and Development, and Customer Support space. The Wilsonville lease expires in August 2001 and provides for a 5 year option to renew the lease. Additionally, the Company subleases four buildings on and adjacent to the Novellus campus, consisting of 270,000 square feet, to third party users on leases expiring 2001 and 2002. The Company also operates a facility near Tokyo, Japan, which serves as Nippon Novellus Headquarters, Sales Office, Service, Technology and Customer Demonstration center. The facility near Tokyo is operated under a five year lease expiring in 2001. In addition, the Company maintains eight sales offices throughout Japan. The Company leases various smaller facilities worldwide which are used as sales and customer service centers. The Company currently believes that its current properties will be sufficient to meet the Company's requirements for the foreseeable future. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS Applied Materials, Inc. vs. Varian Associates Inc. (Case No. C-97-20523 RMW) and Novellus Systems, Inc. v. Applied Materials, Inc. (Case No. C-97-20551 RMW). On July 7, 1997, prior to the consummation of the purchase of the Thin Film Systems Business ("TFS") of Varian Associates ("Varian"), Applied Materials, Inc. ("Applied") filed a complaint (the "Applied Complaint") against Varian in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California San Jose Division, Civil Action No. C-97-20523 RMW, alleging, among other things, infringement by Varian (including the making, using, selling and/or offering for sale of certain products and systems made by TFS) of United States Patent Nos. 5,171,412, 5,186,718, 5,496,455 and 5,540,821 (the "Applied Patents"), which patents are owned by Applied. Immediately after consummation of the TFS purchase, the Company filed a complaint (the "Company Complaint") against Applied in the same Court, Civil Action No. C-97-20551 RMW, alleging infringement by Applied (including the making, using, selling and/or offering for sale of certain products and systems) of United States Patent Nos. 5,314,597, 5,330,628, and 5,635,036 (the "Company Patents"), which patents the Company acquired from Varian in the TFS purchase. In the Company Complaint, the Company also alleged that it is entitled to declarations from Applied that the Company does not infringe the Applied Patents and/or that the Applied Patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. Applied has filed counterclaims alleging that the Company infringes the Applied Patents. Also after consummation of the TFS purchase, but some time after the Company filed the Company Complaint, Applied amended the Applied Complaint to add the Company as a defendant. The Company has requested that the Court dismiss the Company as a defendant in Applied's lawsuit against Varian. The Court has not yet required the Company to file an answer to the Applied Complaint. In addition to a request for a permanent injunction against further infringement, the Applied Complaint and Applied's counterclaims to the Company Complaint include requests for damages for alleged prior infringement and treble damages for alleged "willful" infringement. In connection with the consummation of the TFS purchase, Varian agreed, under certain circumstances, to reimburse the Company for certain of its legal and other expenses in connection with the defense and prosecution of this litigation, and to indemnify the Company for a portion of any losses incurred by the Company arising from this litigation (including losses resulting from a permanent injunction). The Company and Varian believe that there are meritorious defenses to Applied's allegations, including among other things, that the Company's operations (including TFS products and systems) do not infringe the Applied Patents and/or that the Applied Patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. However, the resolution of intellectual property disputes is often fact intensive and, therefore, inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the ultimate outcome of the dispute with Applied will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business or results of operations (taking into account both the defenses available to the Company and Varian's reimbursement and indemnity obligations), there can be no assurances that Applied will not ultimately prevail in this dispute and that, in such an event, Varian's reimbursement and indemnity obligations will not be sufficient to fully reimburse the Company for its losses. If Applied were to prevail in this dispute, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. 12 13 The Company Complaint against Applied also includes requests for damages for prior infringement and treble damages for "willful" infringement, in addition to a request for a permanent injunction for further infringement. Although the Company believes that it will prevail against Applied, there can be no assurances that the Company will prevail in its litigation against Applied. If Applied were to prevail against the Company Complaint, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. On July 13, 1999, in the Company lawsuit against Applied where the Company has alleged that Applied infringes Company patents, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Company patents. On September 20, 1999, in the Applied lawsuit against Varian and the Company, where Applied has alleged that Varian and the Company infringe Applied patents, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Applied patents. On January 14, 2000, Applied withdrew its U.S. Patent No. 5,496,455 from the lawsuits against the Company and Varian. Semitool, Inc. v. Novellus Systems, Inc. (Case No. C-98-3089 DLJ) On August 10, 1998, Semitool sued the Company for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Semitool alleges that the Company's SABRE(TM) copper deposition system infringes two Semitool patents, U.S. Patent No. 5,222,310, issued June 29, 1993, entitled "Single Wafer Processor with a Frame," and U.S. Patent No. 5,377,708, issued January 3, 1995, entitled "Multi-Station Semiconductor Processor with Volatilization." Semitool seeks an injunction against the Company's manufacture and sale of SABRE(TM) systems, and seeks damages for past infringement. Semitool also seeks trebled damages for alleged willful infringement. Semitool also seeks its attorneys' fees and costs, and interest on any judgement. On September 24, 1999, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Semitool patents. On December 18, 1999, Novellus filed a motion for summary judgement of non-infringement. On February 18, 2000, the Court heard oral arguments on Novellus' motion. The parties await a decision on Novellus' motion. On March 17, 2000, the Court granted the Company's motion for summary judgement of non-infringement. The Court ruled that the Company's SABRE and SABRE xT systems do not infringe on the two patents asserted by Semitool. Therefore, the Company believes that the dispute with Semitool will not have a material adverse affect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Plasma Physics Litigation On December 28, 1999, Plasma Physics Corporation and Solar Physics Corporation filed a patent infringement lawsuit against many of the Company's Japanese and Korean customers. The suit is entitled Plasma Physics Corp v. Fujitsu, Ltd., 99 Civ. 8593, and is pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. Plasma Physics has asserted U.S. Patent Nos. 4,226,897, 5,470,784, and 5,543,634. Many of the defendants have notified the Company that they believe that the Company has indemnification obligations and liability for the lawsuit. Plasma Physics has not yet identified what, if any, of the Company's equipment used by the customers is accused of infringement. Plasma Physics seeks an injunction against the defendants' alleged infringement of the '784 and '634 patents (the '897 patent has expired). Plasma Physics also seeks trebled damages for alleged willful infringement. Plasma Physics also seeks its attorneys' fees and costs, and interest on any judgement. The Company believes that there are meritorious defenses to Plasma Physics' allegations, including among other things, that the defendants' use of the Company's equipment does not infringe the Plasma Physics patents and/or that the Plasma Physics patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. But the resolution of intellectual property disputes is often fact intensive and, like most other litigation matters, inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the ultimate outcome of the dispute with Plasma Physics will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, or results of operations (taking into account the defenses available to the Company), there can be no assurances that Plasma Physics will not ultimately prevail in this dispute and that the Company will not have any indemnity obligations or liability. If Plasma Physics were to prevail in the dispute, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. Other Litigation In addition, in the normal course of business the Company from time to time receives inquiries with regard to possible other patent infringements. The Company believes it is unlikely that the outcome of the patent infringement inquiries will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. There has been substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in semiconductor-related industries. Although the Company is not aware of any infringement by its products of any patents or proprietary rights of others except as claimed by Applied and Semitool, further commercialization of the Company's products could provoke claims of infringement from third parties. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce patents issued to the Company, to protect trade secrets or know-how owned by the Company or to defend the Company against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by the Company, which by itself could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. Further, adverse determinations in such litigation could result in the Company's loss of proprietary rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to seek licenses from third parties or prevent the Company from manufacturing or selling its products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. 13 14 ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS Not applicable. PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS The information required by this item is included under "Stock Information" on page 28 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The information required by this item is included under "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" on page 17 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The information required by this item is included under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" on pages 18-25 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The information required by this item is included under "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" on pages 26-28 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA The information required by this item is included on pages 29-46 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and incorporated herein by reference. Such information is listed under Item 14 of Part IV of this Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Not applicable. PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT The information required by this item is included under "Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors," "Other Information - Executive Officers" and "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act" in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2000 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information required by this item is included under "Other Information - Executive Compensation" in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2000 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The information required by this item is included under "Other Information - Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2000 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The information required by this item is included under "Other Information - Certain Transactions" in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with its 2000 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and is incorporated herein by reference. 14 15 PART IV ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) The following documents are incorporated by reference: (1) Financial Statements. The following financial statements and schedules of the Registrant are contained on pages 29-46 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and are incorporated herein by reference: Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1999 and 1998 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors (2) Financial Statement Schedules. The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements: Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. (3) Exhibits (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K) 3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Registrant. 3.2(9) Form of Bylaws of Registrant as amended 3.2.1(8) Bylaws Section 2.5 as amended in 1995 re Election and Term of Office. 3.2.2(8) Bylaws Section 2.2 as amended in 1997 re Number of Directors. 10.1(5) Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.2(5) First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated June 20, 1997. 10.3(5) Assignment and Assumption of Lessee's Interest in Lease (Units 8 and 9, Palo Alto) and Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions on Leasehold Interests (Units 1-12 Palo Alto) by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.4(5) Sublease (Portion of Unit 9, Palo Alto) by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.6(5) Environmental Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.7(5) Cross License Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.8(5) Parts Supply Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 15 16 10.9(6) Settlement Agreement by and between Applied Materials, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this Exhibit. 10.10(6) Credit Agreement by and among ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent, the lenders named therein, and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.11(6) Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc. the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participations named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.1(7) Letter Amendment, dated June 20, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.2(7) Amendment no. 1, dated August 28, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.3(7) Amendment no. 2, dated September 26, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.12(7) Amendment no. 1, dated August 28, 1997, to the Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.13(7) Amendment no. 2, dated September 26, 1997, to the Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.13(7) Amendment no. 1, dated September 26, 1997, to the Facility 1 Lease Agreement, Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.14(7) Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan USA, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated October 15, 1997. 10.15(7) Facility 1 Lease Agreement, Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan USA, Inc. and the Company dated October 15, 1997. 10.16(7) Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan USA, Inc. and the Company dated October 15, 1997. *10.20(2) Registrant's Amended and Restated 1984 Stock Option Plan, together with forms of agreements thereunder *10.21(4) Registrant's 1992 Stock Option Plan, together with forms of agreements thereunder *10.21.1 Form of Restated Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 16, 1999 between Registrant and Jeff Benzing Wilbert van den Hoek and certain other employees of Registrant *10.22(3) Registrant's 1992 Employee Stock Purchase Plan *10.23(1) Form of Agent Indemnification Agreement and amendment thereto *10.25(3) Employment Agreement dated June 15, 1992 between the Registrant and Peter Hanley *10.26(4) Offer Letter Agreement dated November 1, 1993 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27(9) Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1998 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27.1 Amendment dated December 16, 1999 to Employment Agreement between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27.2 Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 16, 1999 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill 10.28(10) First Amendment to Participation Agreement dated June 4, 1999 10.29(11) Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Fairchild Technologies USA, Inc. and the Company dated July 29, 1999. 16 17 13.1 Registrant's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders (only portions of this document specifically incorporated herein by reference are included in this exhibit) 21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors 24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 18) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule - ---------------- (1) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-23011, which was declared effective August 11, 1988. (2) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 1992. (3) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 1993. (4) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 1994. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 1997. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 1997. (7) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1997. (8) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 9, 1998. (9) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 1999. (10) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 filed with Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 1999. (11) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 filed with Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 1999. * Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. 17 18 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in San Jose, California on the 24th day of March, 2000. NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. By: /s/ Robert H. Smith ----------------------------------------- Robert H. Smith EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT, FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION, PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER AND SECRETARY By: /s/ Kevin S. Royal ----------------------------------------- Kevin S. Royal CORPORATE CONTROLLER, PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING OFFICER POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Richard S. Hill and Robert H. Smith, and each of them, his attorneys-in-fact, each with the power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.
SIGNATURE CAPACITY DATE - --------- -------- ---- /s/Richard S. Hill Chairman of the Board of Directors, March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ President and Chief Executive Officer Richard S. Hill (Principal Executive Officer) /s/Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President, March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ Finance and Administration, Robert H. Smith Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Principal Financial Officer) /s/D. James Guzy Director March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ D. James Guzy /s/Tom Long Director March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ Tom Long /s/Glen Possley Director March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ Glen Possley /s/J. David Litster Director March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ J. David Litster /s/William R. Spivey Director March 24, 2000 - ------------------------------ William R. Spivey
18 19 SCHEDULE II NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (IN THOUSANDS)
BALANCE AT BALANCE AT BEGINNING CHARGED TO END DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD EXPENSE DEDUCTIONS OF PERIOD --------- ------- ---------- --------- Year Ended December 31, 1997 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 2,777 $16,370 $15,600(1) $ 3,547 Year Ended December 31, 1998 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 3,547 $ 452 $ 864 $ 3,135 Year Ended December 31, 1999 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $ 3,135 $ 586 $ -- $ 3,721
(1) $15.6 million write-off of the outstanding amount from Submicron Technology, Inc., total charge $17.7 million. See Note 7, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 20 Exhibit Index (a) The following documents are incorporated by reference: (1) Financial Statements. The following financial statements and schedules of the Registrant are contained on pages 29-46 of the Company's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders and are incorporated herein by reference: Consolidated Statements of Operations - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 1999 and 1998 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity - Years Ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors (2) Financial Statement Schedules. The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this Report on Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements: Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts All other schedules are omitted because they are not required or the required information is included in the financial statements or notes thereto. (3) Exhibits (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K) 3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Registrant. 3.2(9) Form of Bylaws of Registrant as amended 3.2.1(8) Bylaws Section 2.5 as amended in 1995 re Election and Term of Office. 3.2.2(8) Bylaws Section 2.2 as amended in 1997 re Number of Directors. 10.1(5) Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.2(5) First Amendment to Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated June 20, 1997. 10.3(5) Assignment and Assumption of Lessee's Interest in Lease (Units 8 and 9, Palo Alto) and Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions on Leasehold Interests (Units 1-12 Palo Alto) by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.4(5) Sublease (Portion of Unit 9, Palo Alto) by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997.
21 10.6(5) Environmental Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.7(5) Cross License Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.8(5) Parts Supply Agreement by and between Varian Associates, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.9(6) Settlement Agreement by and between Applied Materials, Inc. and the Company dated May 7, 1997. Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this Exhibit. 10.10(6) Credit Agreement by and among ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent, the lenders named therein, and the Company dated May 7, 1997. 10.11(6) Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc. the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participations named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.1(7) Letter Amendment, dated June 20, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.2(7) Amendment no. 1, dated August 28, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.11.3(7) Amendment no. 2, dated September 26, 1997, to the Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan North America, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated June 9, 1997. 10.12(7) Amendment no. 1, dated August 28, 1997, to the Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.13(7) Amendment no. 2, dated September 26, 1997, to the Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.13(7) Amendment no. 1, dated September 26, 1997, to the Facility 1 Lease Agreement, Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan North America, Inc. and the Company dated June 9, 1997. 10.14(7) Participation Agreement by and among Lease Plan USA, Inc., the Company and ABN AMRO Bank, N.V., as agent for the participants named therein, dated October 15, 1997. 10.15(7) Facility 1 Lease Agreement, Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan USA, Inc. and the Company dated October 15, 1997. 10.16(7) Facility 2 Lease Agreement, Construction Deed of Trust With Assignment of Rents, Security Agreement and Fixture Filing by and between Lease Plan USA, Inc. and the Company dated October 15, 1997. *10.20(2) Registrant's Amended and Restated 1984 Stock Option Plan, together with forms of agreements thereunder *10.21(4) Registrant's 1992 Stock Option Plan, together with forms of agreements thereunder *10.21.1 Form of Restated Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 16, 1999 between Registrant and Jeff Benzing, Wilbert van den Hoek and certain other employees of Registrant *10.22(3) Registrant's 1992 Employee Stock Purchase Plan *10.23(1) Form of Agent Indemnification Agreement and amendment thereto *10.25(3) Employment Agreement dated June 15, 1992 between the Registrant and Peter Hanley *10.26(4) Offer Letter Agreement dated November 1, 1993 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27(9) Employment Agreement dated October 1, 1998 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27.1 Amendment dated December 16, 1999 to Employment Agreement between Registrant and Richard S. Hill *10.27.2 Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 16, 1999 between Registrant and Richard S. Hill
22 10.28(10) First Amendment to Participation Agreement dated June 4, 1999 10.29(11) Asset Purchase Agreement by and between Fairchild Technologies USA, Inc. and the Company dated July 29, 1999. 13.1 Registrant's 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders (only portions of this document specifically incorporated herein by reference are included in this exhibit) 21.1 Subsidiaries of Registrant 23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors 24.1 Power of Attorney (see page 18) 27.1 Financial Data Schedule
---------------- (1) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, File No. 33-23011, which was declared effective August 11, 1988. (2) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 30, 1992. (3) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 26, 1993. (4) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 1994. (5) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 7, 1997. (6) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 11, 1997. (7) Incorporated by reference to the Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 10, 1997. (8) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 9, 1998. (9) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit filed with Registrant's Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 1999. (10) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 filed with Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 1999. (11) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 filed with Registrant's Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 8, 1999. * Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements.
EX-3.1 2 AMENDMENT TO RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 1 EXHIBIT 3.1 RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. Robert F. Graham and Joseph F. Dox hereby certify that: 1. They are the duly elected and acting President and Secretary, respectively, of Novellus Systems, Inc., a California corporation (the "Corporation"). 2. The Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation are amended and restated to read in full as follows: ARTICLE I NAME The name of this Corporation is Novellus Systems, Inc. ARTICLE II PURPOSE The purpose of this Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of California other than the banking business, the trust company business, or the practice of a profession permitted to be incorporated by the California Corporations Code. ARTICLE III STOCK The Corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares to be designated respectively "Preferred" and "Common". The total number of Preferred shares authorized is 10,000,000, and the total number of Common shares authorized is 20,000,000. The Preferred shares authorized by these Articles of Incorporation may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to determine or alter any 2 or all of the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon any wholly unissued series of Preferred shares, and to fix or alter the number of shares comprising any such series and the designation thereof, or any of them, and to provide for the rights and terms of redemption or conversion of the shares of any such series. ARTICLE IV LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS The liability of the directors of the Corporation for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permissible under California law. ARTICLE V INDEMNIFICATION OF AGENTS The Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of agents (as defined in Section 317 of the California Corporations Code) for breach of duty to the Corporation and its stockholders through bylaw provisions, through agreements with the agents, or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification otherwise permitted by Section 317 of the California Corporations Code, subject to the limits on such excess indemnification set forth in Section 204 of the California Corporations Code. 3. The foregoing amendment and restatement of articles of incorporation has been duly approved by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. 4. The foregoing amendment and restatement of articles of incorporation has been duly approved by the required vote of the shareholders of this corporation in accordance with Section 902 of the California General Corporation Law. The total number of outstanding shares of this Corporation entitled to vote with respect to the foregoing amendment was 5,412,730 shares of Common Stock. The number of shares voting in favor of the amendment equaled or exceeded the vote required. The percentage vote required was more than 50%. No preferred shares are outstanding. /s/ Robert F. Graham ------------------------------------ Robert F. Graham, President /s/ Joseph F. Dox ------------------------------------ 3 Joseph F. Dox, Secretary The undersigned certify under penalty of perjury that they have read the foregoing certificate and know the contents thereof, and that the statements therein are true. Executed at San Jose, California, on August 18, 1988. /s/ Robert F. Graham ------------------------------------ Robert F. Graham, President /s/ Joseph F. Dox ------------------------------------ Joseph F. Dox, Secretary 4 CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF THE RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. Robert F. Graham and Joseph F. Dox hereby certify that: 1. They are the President and Secretary, respectively, of Novellus Systems, Inc., a California corporation. 2. Articles IV of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of this corporation is amended to read in its entirety as follows: "IV SECTION 4.1. LIMITATION OF DIRECTORS' LIABILITY. The liability of the directors of the corporation for monetary damages shall be eliminated to the fullest extent permissible under California law. SECTION 4.2. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. The corporation is authorized to indemnify the directors and officers of the corporation to the fullest extent permissible under California law. SECTION 4.3. REPEAL OR MODIFICATION. Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article IV by the shareholders of the corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director or officer of the corporation existing at the time of such repeal or modification." 3. Article V of the Restated Articles of Incorporation is deleted in its entirety. 4. The foregoing amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of this corporation has been duly approved by the Board of Directors of this corporation. 5. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation has been duly approved by the required vote of shareholders in accordance with Section 902 of the California Corporations Code. The total number of outstanding shares of the corporation is 5,464,365 5 shares of Common Stock. The number of shares voting in favor of the amendment equalled or exceeded the vote required. The percentage vote required was more than 50%. We further declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the matters set forth in this certificate are true and correct of our own knowledge. Dated as of April 28, 1989. /s/ Robert F. Graham ------------------------------------ Robert F. Graham, President /s/ Joseph F. Dox ------------------------------------ Joseph F. Dox, Secretary 6 NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION Robert Graham and Joseph Dox certify that: 1. They are the President and the Secretary, respectively, of NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., a California corporation. 2. Article III of the Articles of Incorporation of this corporation is amended in its entirety to read as follows: "III. This corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated respectively "Preferred" and "Common". The total number of Preferred shares authorized is 10,000,000 and the total number of Common shares authorized is 40,000,000. Upon the amendment of this Article III as herein set forth, each outstanding share of Common Stock of this corporation is split up and converted into two (2) shares of Common Stock." The Preferred shares authorized by these Articles of Incorporation may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to determine or alter any of the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon any wholly unissued series of Preferred shares, and to fix or alter the number of shares comprising any such series and the designation thereof, or any of them, and to provide for the rights and terms of redemptions or conversion of the shares of any such series." 3. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation was duly approved by the Board of Directors on July 13, 1990. 4. The foregoing amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation is to effect a two-for-one stock split and a proportionate increase is authorized in the authorized number of shares of Common Stock, and pursuant to Section 902(c) of the California Corporations Code shareholder approval is not required for this action. The corporation has only one class of shares outstanding, to wit, Common Shares. 5. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Novellus Systems, Inc. shall become effective at the close of business on August 1, 1990. 7 Each of the undersigned further declares under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the matters set forth in the foregoing certificate are true of his own knowledge. Executed on July 17, 1990 at San Jose, California. /s/ Robert F. Graham ------------------------------------ Robert F. Graham, President /s/ Joseph F. Dox ------------------------------------ Joseph F. Dox, Secretary 8 CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. (A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION) The undersigned Richard S. Hill and Robert H. Smith certify that: 1. They are the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, respectively, of NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., a California corporation (the "Corporation"). 2. The first paragraph of Article III of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation is amended to read as follows: "This corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated respectively "Preferred" and "Common". The total number of Preferred shares authorized is 10,000,000 and the total number of Common shares authorized is 80,000,000. Upon the amendment of this Article III as herein set forth, each outstanding share of Common Stock of this corporation is split up and converted into two (2) shares of Common Stock." 3. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation was duly approved by the Board of Directors on September 19, 1997. 4. The foregoing amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation is to effect a two-for-one stock split and a proportionate increase is authorized in the authorized number of shares of Common Stock. The Corporation has only one class of shares outstanding, Common Stock. Pursuant to Section 902(c) of the California Corporations Code shareholder approval is not required for this action. 5. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Novellus Systems, Inc. shall become effective at the close of business on September 29, 1997. 9 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this certificate on September 26, 1997. /s/ Richard S. Hill ------------------------------------------- Richard S. Hill Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Robert H. Smith ------------------------------------------- Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary Each of the undersigned further declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the matters set forth in this certificate are true and correct of our own knowledge. Executed on this 26th day of September, 1997, at San Jose, California. /s/ Richard S. Hill ------------------------------------------- Richard S. Hill Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Robert H. Smith ------------------------------------------- Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary 10 CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. (A CALIFORNIA CORPORATION) The undersigned Richard S. Hill and Robert H. Smith certify that: 1. They are the Chief Executive Officer and Secretary, respectively, of NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., a California corporation (the "Corporation"). 2. The first paragraph of Article III of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation is amended to read as follows: "This corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated respectively "Preferred" and "Common". The total number of Preferred shares authorized is 10,000,000 and the total number of Common shares authorized is 240,000,000. Upon the amendment of this Article III as herein set forth, each outstanding share of Common Stock of this corporation is split up and converted into three (3) shares of Common Stock." 3. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation was duly approved by the Board of Directors on December 17, 1997. 4. The foregoing amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation is to effect a three-for-one stock split and a proportionate increase is authorized in the authorized number of shares of Common Stock. The Corporation has only one class of shares outstanding, Common Stock. Pursuant to Section 902(c) of the California Corporations Code shareholder approval is not required for this action. 5. The foregoing amendment of the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Novellus Systems, Inc. shall become effective at the close of business on December 30, 1999. 11 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this certificate on December 22, 1999. /s/ Richard S. Hill ------------------------------------------- Richard S. Hill Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Robert H. Smith ------------------------------------------- Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary Each of the undersigned further declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the matters set forth in this certificate are true and correct of our own knowledge. Executed on this 22nd day of December, 1999, at San Jose, California. /s/ Richard S. Hill ------------------------------------------- Richard S. Hill Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer /s/ Robert H. Smith ------------------------------------------- Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President, Finance and Administration, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary EX-10.21.1 3 EXHIBIT-10.21.1 1 EXHIBIT 10.21.1 NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT is entered into as of the 16th day of December, 1999, by and between Novellus Systems, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company") and _____________ ("Recipient"). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, the Company regards Recipient as a valuable contributor to the Company and has determined that it would be in the interest of the Company and its shareholders to issue the Stock (as defined below) provided for in this Agreement to Recipient as a reward and incentive for his continued service with the Company; WHEREAS, the issuance of the Stock pursuant to this Agreement shall be in accordance with the Company's 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended (the "Plan") and subject to the terms of the Plan pertaining to stock grants to employees thereunder. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as follows: 1. Restricted Stock Grant. (a) Stock Grant. On the Effective Date (as defined in Section 1(c) below), the Company grants and issues to Recipient _____________ shares of Common Stock, no par value, of the Company (the "Stock") as consideration for past services performed by Recipient for the Company. Stock certificates evidencing the Stock will be retained by the Company, accompanied by blank stock powers executed by Recipient (attached as Exhibit A), for the period during which the Stock constitutes Restricted Stock (as defined below) pursuant to the terms of Sections 2 and 3 hereof. (b) Rights of Shareholder; Additional Securities. All shares of Stock issued hereunder shall be deemed issued to Recipient as fully paid and nonassessable shares, and Recipient shall have all rights of a shareholder with respect thereto, including the right to vote, receive dividends (including stock dividends), participate in stock splits or other recapitalizations, and exchange such shares in a merger, consolidation or other reorganization. The term "Stock," in addition to the shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement, also refers to all securities received as a result of ownership of the Stock (hereinafter called "Additional Securities"), including, without limitation, warrants, options and securities received as a stock dividend or as a result of any stock split, or as a result of a recapitalization, reorganization, exchange or the like. 1 2 (c) Date. The "Effective Date" for purposes of this Agreement shall be December 16, 1999. 2. Transfer Restrictions. No Stock issued to the Recipient hereunder shall be sold, transferred by gift, pledged, hypothecated, or otherwise transferred or disposed of by the Recipient prior to the date when the Recipient shall become vested in such Stock pursuant to Section 3 below, and such Stock shall constitute "Restricted Stock" until such date. Any attempt to transfer Stock in violation of this Section 2 shall be null and void and shall be disregarded by the Company. 3. Forfeiture Condition and Vesting. (a) Forfeiture Condition. Except as set forth hereinbelow, in the event that Recipient's Continuous Service terminates for any reason, at a time when the Recipient holds any Restricted Stock, such Restricted Stock shall be forfeited and deemed reconveyed to the Company without payment of any consideration by the Company and without further action by Recipient or the Company. In such event, the Company shall thereafter have all rights and interest in or related to such Restricted Stock and be authorized to take such action as it deems appropriate to retire the Restricted Stock through use of the executed stock power and share certificate held by the Company in the escrow established pursuant to Section 4 below. (b) Vesting of the Stock. (i) "TIME VESTING." The Company and Recipient agree that (A) 50% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock as of December 31, 2003 (the "Time Vesting Date") provided that Recipient's Continuous Service has not terminated on or prior to the Time Vesting Date; and (B) irrespective of the Recipient's termination of Continuous Service on or prior to the Time Vesting Date, such 50% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock upon the termination of Recipient's Continuous Service as a result of Recipient's death or Permanent Disability, and shall not be forfeited to the Company, notwithstanding the provisions of the Forfeiture Condition set forth in Section 3(a). (ii) "PERFORMANCE VESTING." The Company and Recipient agree that 25% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock provided that (A) Recipient's Continuous Service has not terminated on or prior to the Time Vesting Date and (B) the Company shall have achieved a $1.5 billion annual revenue level measured by the total of the publicly reported revenues of the Company for any four consecutive completed fiscal quarters ending on or before the Time Vesting Date. The Company and Recipient further agree that an additional 25% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock provided that (C) Recipient's Continuous Service has not terminated on or prior to the Time Vesting Date and (D) the Company shall have achieved a $2 billion annual revenue level measured by the total of the publicly reported revenues of the Company for any four consecutive completed fiscal quarters ending on or before the Time Vesting Date. In the event that as of the Time Vesting Date, the Company has not met either of the revenue levels described in (B) or (D), above, in each such case 25% of the Stock shall be forfeited in accordance with the 2 3 provisions of the Forfeiture Condition set forth in Section 3(a), above, as if the Recipient's Continuous Service had then terminated. (c) Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions shall apply: (i) "CONTINUOUS SERVICE" shall mean that the provision of services to the Company or a Related Entity by the Recipient in any capacity of employee, director or consultant, is not interrupted or terminated. Continuous Service shall not be considered interrupted in the case of (i) any approved leave of absence, (ii) transfers among the Company, any Related Entity, or any successor, in any capacity of employee, director or consultant, or (iii) any change in status as long as the individual remains in the service of the Company or a Related Entity in any capacity of employee, director or consultant. An approved leave of absence shall include sick leave, military leave, or any other authorized personal leave; (ii) "PERMANENT DISABILITY" shall mean a physical or mental condition that prevents Recipient from performing his duties to the Company for a period of ninety (90) consecutive days or one hundred twenty (120) days during any one hundred eighty (180) day period; and (iii) "RELATED ENTITY" shall mean any Parent, Subsidiary and any business, corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity in which the Company, a Parent or a Subsidiary holds a substantial ownership interest, directly or indirectly.. 4. Escrow of Stock. For purposes of facilitating the enforcement of the provisions of Sections 2 and 3, Recipient agrees, immediately upon receipt of the certificate(s) for the Stock, to deliver such certificate(s), together with a stock power (attached as Exhibit A) executed in blank by Recipient and Recipient's spouse (if required for transfer) with respect to each such stock certificate, to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, or their designee, to hold in escrow for so long as such Stock remains Restricted Stock, with the authority to take all such actions and to effectuate all such transfers and/or releases as may be necessary or appropriate to accomplish the objectives of this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof. Recipient hereby acknowledges that the appointment of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company (or their designee) as the escrow holder hereunder with the stated authorities is a material inducement to the Company to make this Agreement and that such appointment is coupled with an interest and is accordingly irrevocable. Recipient agrees that such escrow holder shall not be liable to any party hereto (or to any other party) for any actions or omissions unless such escrow holder is grossly negligent relative thereto. The escrow holder may rely upon any letter, notice or other document executed by any signature purported to be genuine and may resign at any time. Any Additional Securities shall be retained by the Company in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as the Restricted Stock with respect to which they were issued. Recipient shall be entitled to direct the Company to exercise any warrant or option received as Additional Securities upon supplying the funds necessary to do so, in which event the securities so purchased shall constitute Additional Securities, but the Recipient may not direct the Company to sell any such warrant or option. If Additional 3 4 Securities consist of a convertible security, Recipient may exercise any conversion right, and any securities so acquired shall be deemed Additional Securities. Additional Securities shall be subject to the provisions of this Agreement in the same manner as the Restricted Stock. 5. Withholding of Taxes. At such time as the Stock becomes vested as provided in Section 3 hereof, Recipient shall immediately pay the Company the amount necessary to satisfy any applicable federal, state, and local income and employment tax withholding requirements. After the possibilities of forfeiture under Section 3 have lapsed and subject to the approval of the Stock Option and Compensation Committee if required by Rule 16b-3 of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Recipient may surrender to the Company any number of shares of Stock necessary to pay all or part of any withholding tax due arising from shares awarded under this Agreement, based on the fair market value of such shares surrendered. The fair market value shall be the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the NASDAQ National Market System for the last trading day prior to surrender, as reported in The Wall Street Journal. 6. Legends; Stop Transfer. (a) All certificates for shares of the Stock shall bear substantially the following legend: THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE RESTRICTED BY THE TERMS OF THAT CERTAIN RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE NAMED SHAREHOLDER. THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH AGREEMENT, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY. (b) The certificates for shares of the Stock shall also bear any other legends required by applicable state corporate or securities laws. 7. Stop-Transfer Notices. In order to ensure compliance with the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Agreement, the Company may issue appropriate "stop transfer" instructions to its transfer agent, if any, and, if the Company transfers its own securities, it may make appropriate notations to the same effect in its own records. 8. Refusal to Transfer. The Company shall not be required (i) to transfer on its books any Stock that has been sold or otherwise transferred in violation of any of the provisions of this Agreement or (ii) to treat as owner of such Stock or to accord the right to vote or pay dividends to any purchaser or other transferee to whom such Stock shall have been so transferred. 9. NO EFFECT ON TERMS OF CONTINUOUS SERVICE. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL NOT CONFER UPON RECIPIENT ANY RIGHT WITH RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF RECIPIENT'S CONTINUOUS SERVICE WITH 4 5 THE COMPANY OR A RELATED ENTITY, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH THE RIGHT OF RECIPIENT OR THE COMPANY TO TERMINATE RECIPIENT'S CONTINUOUS SERVICE WITH THE COMPANY OR A RELATED ENTITY AT ANY TIME FOR ANY REASON WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE OR CHANGE THE TERMS OF RECIPIENT'S CONTINUOUS SERVICE. 10. Section 83(b) Election and Withholding of Taxes. The Recipient shall provide the Company with a copy of any timely election made pursuant to Section 83(b) of the Internal Revenue Code or similar provision of state law (collectively, an "83(b) Election"), a form of which is attached hereto as Exhibit B. If the Recipient makes a timely 83(b) Election, the Recipient shall immediately pay the Company the amount necessary to satisfy any applicable foreign, federal, state, and local income and employment tax withholding obligations. If the Recipient does not make a timely 83(b) Election, the Recipient shall, as Stock shall vest or at the time withholding is otherwise required by any applicable law, pay the Company the amount necessary to satisfy any applicable foreign, federal, state, and local income and employment tax withholding obligations. The Recipient may satisfy his or her withholding obligations by authorizing the Company to transfer to the Company the number of vested shares held in escrow that have an aggregate fair market value equal to the withholding obligations. The Recipient hereby represents that he or she understands (a) the contents and requirements of the 83(b) Election, (b) the application of Section 83(b) to the receipt of the Stock by the Recipient pursuant to this Agreement, (c) the nature of the election to be made by the Recipient under Section 83(b), and (d) the effect and requirements of the 83(b) Election under relevant state and local tax laws. The Recipient further represents that he or she understands that if he or she intends to file an election pursuant to Section 83(b) with the Internal Revenue Service, he or she must do so within thirty (30) days following the Effective Date, and must submit a copy of such election with his or her federal tax return for the calendar year in which the Effective Date falls. 11. Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns. 12. Governance of the Agreement. The Stock is being issued to Recipient hereunder pursuant to the terms of the Plan, which shall govern with respect to Recipient in the event of any conflict with the terms of the Plan. 13. Entire Agreement: Governing Law. The Plan and this Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede in their entirety all prior undertakings and agreements of the Company and the Recipient with respect to the subject matter hereof, and may not be modified adversely to the Recipient's interest except by means of a writing signed by the Company and the Recipient. These agreements are to be construed in accordance with and governed by the internal laws of the State of California (as permitted by Section 1646.5 of the California Civil Code, or any similar successor provision) without giving effect to any choice of law rule that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the internal laws of the State of California to the rights and duties of the parties. Should any provision of this Agreement be determined by a 5 6 court of law to be illegal or unenforceable, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain effective and shall remain enforceable. 14. Dispute Resolution The provisions of this Section 14 shall be the exclusive means of resolving disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan and this Agreement. The Company and the Recipient shall attempt in good faith to resolve any disputes arising out of or relating to the Plan and this Agreement by negotiation between individuals who have authority to settle the controversy. Negotiations shall be commenced by either party by notice of a written statement of the party's position and the name and title of the individual who will represent the party. Within thirty (30) days of the written notification, the parties shall meet at a mutually acceptable time and place, and thereafter as often as they reasonably deem necessary, to resolve the dispute. If the dispute has not been resolved by negotiation, the parties agree that any suit, action, or proceeding arising out of or relating to the Plan or this Agreement shall be brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California (or should such court lack jurisdiction to hear such action, suit or proceeding, in a California state court in the County of Santa Clara) and that the parties shall submit to the jurisdiction of such court. The parties irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any objection the party may have to the laying of venue for any such suit, action or proceeding brought in such court. THE PARTIES ALSO EXPRESSLY WAIVE ANY RIGHT THEY HAVE OR MAY HAVE TO A JURY TRIAL OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. If any one or more provisions of this Section 14 shall for any reason be held invalid or unenforceable, it is the specific intent of the parties that such provisions shall be modified to the minimum extent necessary to make it or its application valid and enforceable. 15. Notices. Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery or upon deposit in the United States mail by certified mail (if the parties are within the United States) or upon deposit for delivery by an internationally recognized express mail courier service (for international delivery of notice), with postage and fees prepaid, addressed to the other party at its address as shown beneath its signature in the Notice, or to such other address as such party may designate in writing from time to time to the other party. 6 7 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Restricted Stock Agreement as of the date first above written. NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., RECIPIENT: a California corporation By: ____________________________ _______________________________ Title: _________________________ 7 8 EXHIBIT A ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE FOR VALUE RECEIVED and pursuant to that certain Restricted Stock Agreement between the undersigned ("Recipient") and Novellus Systems, Inc. (the "Company") dated December 16, 1999 (the "Agreement"), Recipient hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto Novellus Systems, Inc. ___________ (___) shares of Common Stock of Novellus Systems, Inc. standing in Recipient's name on the books of said corporation represented by Certificate No. _________ herewith and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint the Secretary of the Company to transfer said stock on the books of the Company with full power of substitution in the premises. THIS ASSIGNMENT MAY ONLY BE USED AS AUTHORIZED BY THE AGREEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS THERETO. Dated: ______________________ ________________________________________ The undersigned spouse of _______________________________ joins in this assignment. Dated: ______________________ ________________________________________ (Spouse of ___________________) INSTRUCTION: Please do not fill in any blanks other than the signature line. The purpose of this assignment is to enable the Company to effect the forfeiture condition set forth in the Agreement without requiring additional signatures on the part of Recipient. 9 EXHIBIT B ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(b) OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986 The undersigned taxpayer hereby elects, pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code, to include in gross income for 19__ the amount of any compensation taxable in connection with the taxpayer's receipt of the property described below: 1. The name, address, taxpayer identification number and taxable year of the undersigned are: TAXPAYER'S NAME: SPOUSE'S NAME: TAXPAYER'S SOCIAL SECURITY NO.: SPOUSE'S SOCIAL SECURITY NO.: TAXABLE YEAR: Calendar Year 19__ ADDRESS: 2. The property which is the subject of this election is __________ shares of common stock of Novellus Systems, Inc. 3. The property was transferred to the undersigned on ____________, 19__. 4. The property is subject to the following restrictions. 5. The fair market value of the property at the time of transfer (determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which by its terms will never lapse) is: $_____ per share x ______ shares = $_________. 6. The undersigned paid $______ per share x _________ shares for the property transferred or a total of $__________. The undersigned has submitted a copy of this statement to the person for whom the services were performed in connection with the undersigned's receipt of the above-described property. The undersigned taxpayer is the person performing the services in connection with the transfer of said property. The undersigned will file this election with the Internal Revenue Service office to which he files his annual income tax return not later than 30 days after the date of transfer of the property. A copy of the election also will be furnished to the person for whom the services were performed. Additionally, the undersigned will include a copy of the election with his income tax return for the taxable year in which the property is transferred. The undersigned understands that this election will also be effective as an election under _____________ law. 10 Dated: _________________________ _______________________________________ Taxpayer The undersigned spouse of taxpayer joins in this election. Dated: _________________________ _______________________________________ Spouse of Taxpayer EX-10.27.1 4 EX-10.27.1 1 Exhibit 10.27.1 AMENDMENT TO EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT This Amendment is made and dated December 17, 1999 by and between Novellus Systems, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company"), and Richard Hill ("Executive") (collectively, "the parties") with respect to that certain Employment Agreement between the parties dated October 1, 1998 (the "Agreement"). RECITALS 1. Executive has been employed by the Company and is currently serving as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Agreement dated October 1, 1998. 2. The parties now desire to amend certain terms of that Agreement upon the following terms and conditions. AGREEMENT ACCORDINGLY, the parties agree as follows: 1. ADDITION OF PARAGRAPH 1(b). Following Paragraph 1(a) of the Agreement, the parties hereby add the following Paragraph 1(b), entitled "Renewal": b. RENEWAL. The term and provisions of this Agreement shall automatically extend for additional one-year periods if Executive remains employed on and after December 31 of each year during the Basic Term of this Agreement, unless either party notifies the other in writing to the contrary at least three (3) months prior to the applicable December 31 date that it, or he, does not want the term to so extend. 2. AMENDMENT OF PARAGRAPH 3(a). Paragraph 3(a) of the Agreement (regarding Executive's salary) is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: a. The Company shall pay Executive at an initial base annual salary of $615,000.00, payable bi-weekly. Executive's salary will be reviewed from time to time in accordance with Company's established procedures for adjusting salaries for similarly situated employees. Executive shall also be eligible to participate in the Company's executive bonus plan, as already established by the Company, and as may be amended from time to time in the Company's sole discretion. 1 2 3. AMENDMENT OF PARAGRAPH 3(c). Paragraph 3(c) of the Agreement (regarding the two relocation loans made by the Company to Executive in June and July 1997) is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: c. The two relocation loans made by the Company to Executive in June and July 1997, as evidenced by the two promissory notes, shall be repaid in full by Executive. However, the Company shall forgive any interest that accrued on the relocation loans to date and shall, through March 31, 2000, forgive any additional interest on the two relocation loans. 4. AMENDMENT OF PARAGRAPH 4(c)(iii). Paragraph 4(c)(iii) (regarding the Company obligation to pay for Executive's share of health insurance premiums in the event of a Termination of Executive's Period of Employment by the Company Not for Cause) is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: (iii) Payment of Executive's share of health insurance premiums for Executive and his qualified dependents, in accordance with the Company's existing officer retirement health benefit program, as evidenced by the July 1993 Board of Directors' Resolution Regarding Officers' Retirement, Medical and Dental Coverage without regard to age or length of service limitations therein. 5. REMOVAL OF PARAGRAPH 4(c)(v). The parties hereby rescind Paragraph 4(c)(v) (regarding Executive's obligation to repay the Company for the relocation loans in the event of a Termination of Executive's Period of Employment by the Company Not For Cause). 6. ADDITION OF PARAGRAPH 4(c)(v). The parties hereby add the following Paragraph 4(c)(v): (v) Executive's restricted stock shall immediately vest on the date his termination becomes effective and, as a consequence, the Company's right to repurchase such restricted stock shall immediately lapse on that date. 7. AMENDMENT OF PARAGRAPH 4(e). Paragraph 4(e), entitled "By Executive Not for Cause," is hereby amended in its entirety to read as follows: c. BY EXECUTIVE NOT FOR CAUSE. At any time, Executive may terminate the Period of Employment for any reason, with or without cause, by providing Employer thirty (30) days' advance written notice. Employer shall have the option, in its complete discretion, to make termination of the Period of Employment effective at any time prior to the end of such notice period, provided Employer pays Executive all compensation due and owing through the last day actually worked, plus an amount equal to the base salary Executive would have earned through the balance of the above notice period. Thereafter, all of the Company's obligations under this Agreement shall cease, except as otherwise provided for in this Paragraph 2 3 4(e). In the event Executive terminates the Period of Employment pursuant to this Paragraph 4(e), the Company shall pay for Executive's share of health insurance premiums for Executive and his qualified dependents, in accordance with the Company's existing officer retirement health benefit program, as evidenced by the Company's July 1993 Board of Directors' Resolution Regarding Officers' Retirement, Medical and Dental Coverage, without regard to age or length of service limitations therein. 8. AGREEMENT CONTINUES. Except as specifically modified herein, the terms and conditions of the Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. This Amendment shall be attached to the Agreement as Exhibit A. 9. DEFINITIONS. Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings set for the Agreement, unless otherwise specifically defined herein. 10. REPRESENTATION BY COUNSEL. The parties acknowledge that (a) they have had the opportunity to consult counsel in regard to this Amendment; (b) they have read and understand the Amendment and they are fully aware of its legal effect; and (c) they are entering into this Amendment freely and voluntarily, and based on each party's own judgment and not on any representations or promises made by the other party, other than those contained in this Amendment. 11. DATE OF AMENDMENT. The parties have duly executed this Amendment as of the date first written above. ________________________________________ Richard Hill NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. By: ____________________________________ Robert H. Smith Executive Vice President 3 EX-10.27.2 5 EX-10.27.2 1 Exhibit 10.27.2 NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC. RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT is entered into as of the 16th day of December, 1999, by and between Novellus Systems, Inc., a California corporation (the "Company") and Richard Hill ("Recipient"). W I T N E S S E T H: WHEREAS, the Company regards Recipient as a valuable contributor to the Company and has determined that it would be in the interest of the Company and its shareholders to issue the Stock (as defined below) provided for in this Agreement to Recipient as a reward and incentive for his continued service with the Company; WHEREAS, the issuance of the Stock pursuant to this Agreement shall be in accordance with the Company's 1992 Stock Option Plan, as amended (the "Plan") and subject to the terms of the Plan pertaining to stock grants to employees thereunder. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties to this Agreement hereby agree as follows: 1. Restricted Stock Grant. (a) Stock Grant. On the Effective Date (as defined in Section 1(c) below), the Company will grant and issue to Recipient 20,000 shares of Common Stock, no par value, of the Company (the "Stock") as a consideration for past services performed by Recipient for the Company. Stock certificates evidencing the Stock will be retained by the Company, accompanied by blank stock powers executed by Recipient, for the period during which the Stock constitutes Restricted Stock (as defined below) pursuant to the terms of Sections 2 and 3 hereof. (b) Rights of Shareholder; Additional Securities. All shares of Stock issued hereunder shall be deemed issued to Recipient as fully paid and nonassessable shares, and Recipient shall have all rights of a shareholder with respect thereto, including the right to vote, receive dividends (including stock dividends), participate in stock splits or other recapitalizations, and exchange such shares in a merger, consolidation or other reorganization. The term "Stock," in addition to the shares purchased pursuant to this Agreement, also refers to all securities received as a result of ownership of the Stock (hereinafter called "Additional Securities"), including, without limitation, warrants, options and securities received as a stock dividend or as a result of any stock split, or as a result of a recapitalization, reorganization, exchange or the like. 1 2 (c) Date. The "Effective Date" for purposes of this Agreement shall be December 16, 1999. 2. Transfer Restrictions. No Stock issued to the Recipient hereunder shall be sold, transferred by gift, pledged, hypothecated, or otherwise transferred or disposed of by the Recipient prior to the date when the Recipient shall become vested in such Stock pursuant to Section 3 below, and such Stock shall constitute "Restricted Stock" until such date. Any attempt to transfer Stock in violation of this Section 2 shall be null and void and shall be disregarded by the Company. 3. Forfeiture Condition. (a) Vesting of the Stock. In the event that Recipient's employment with the Company shall terminate for any reason prior to (1) December 16, 2000, the date on which 33-% of the shares of Stock shall be deemed vested and cease to be Restricted Stock for the purpose of this Section 3(a) ("1st Vesting Date"), (2) December 16, 2001, the date on which 33-% of the shares of Stock issued shall be deemed vested and cease to be Restricted Stock for the purpose of this Section 3(a) ("2nd Vesting Date"), or (3) December 16, 2002, the date on which 33-% of the shares of Stock issued shall be deemed vested and cease to be Restricted Stock for the purpose of this Section 3(a) ("3rd Vesting Date"), the unvested Stock shall be forfeited and transferred to the Company in the amounts and in the manner provided in this Section 3(a) effective as of the date of such termination without further action by Recipient or the Company. In such event, the Company shall thereafter be authorized to take such action as it deems appropriate to retire the unvested Stock through use of the executed stock power and share certificate held by the Company in the escrow established pursuant to Section 4 below. Subject to the foregoing, the Company and Recipient agree that (w) 33-% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock as of the 1st Vesting Date (unless the Stock shall have been previously forfeited by Recipient pursuant to this Section 3); (x) 33-% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock as of the 2nd Vesting Date (unless the Stock or a portion of the Stock shall have been previously forfeited by Recipient pursuant to this Section 3); (y) 33-% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock as of the 3rd Vesting Date (unless the Stock, or a portion of the Stock shall have been previously forfeited by Recipient pursuant to this Section 3); and (z) irrespective of the occurrence of the 1st Vesting Date, the 2nd Vesting Date or the 3rd Vesting Date, 100% of the Stock shall be vested and no longer be deemed Restricted Stock upon the termination of Recipient's employment with the Company as a result of his death, Permanent Disability, Involuntary Termination Without Cause or Constructive Termination. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this Section, the following definitions shall apply: (i) "CONSTRUCTIVE TERMINATION" shall mean any termination by Recipient of his employment with the Company within sixty (60) days following the occurrence of any of the following: (A) unless approved in writing in advance by Recipient, the assignment to Recipient of any duties materially inconsistent with his position, duties, 2 3 responsibilities, authority and status, or the removal of any material duties, responsibilities or authority from such position, except to the extent necessary in connection with a disability that would qualify under the Company's existing disability plan, if any, but for any requirement in such plan that the disability continue for any period of time, for the period of such disability; (B) unless made on a substantially equal percentage basis as part of a general reduction applicable to all employees of the Company of the same or greater rank, a reduction in Recipient's annual base salary in effect at the time any determination thereof is to be made; or (C) unless approved in writing in advance by the Recipient's Representative, the Company's requiring the Recipient to work, apart from reasonable business trips, more than 100 miles from the location at which Recipient was working on the date of this Agreement; (ii) "INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION WITHOUT CAUSE" shall mean the termination by the Company of Recipient's employment with the Company other than as a result of one or more of the following reasons: (w) chronic alcoholism or drug addiction, to the extent discharge therefor is permitted by applicable law; (x) misappropriation of any money or other assets or properties of the Company or any subsidiary of the Company; (y) the conviction of Recipient of any felony, or of any lesser crime or offense materially and adversely affecting the property, reputation or goodwill of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or (z) willful or gross neglect by Recipient of his duties, or willful misconduct by Recipient in connection with the performance of his duties, which neglect or misconduct shall have an adverse effect on the Company or one of its subsidiaries and which shall remain unremedied for thirty (30) days after written notice (indicating with reasonable specificity the events of neglect and/or misconduct) given to Recipient by the Company through its Board of Directors; and (iii) "PERMANENT DISABILITY" shall mean a physical or mental condition that prevents Recipient from performing his employment duties to the Company for a period of ninety (90) consecutive days or one hundred twenty (120) days during any one hundred eighty (180) day period. 4. Escrow of Stock. For purposes of facilitating the enforcement of the provisions of Sections 2 and 3, Recipient agrees, immediately upon receipt of the certificate(s) for the Stock, to deliver such certificate(s), together with a stock power executed in blank by Recipient and Recipient's spouse (if required for transfer) with respect to each such stock certificate, to the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company, or their designee, to hold in escrow for so long as such Stock remains Restricted Stock, with the authority to take all such actions and to effectuate all such transfers and/or releases as may be necessary or appropriate to accomplish the objectives of this Agreement in accordance with the terms hereof. Recipient hereby acknowledges that the appointment of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Company (or their designee) as the escrow holder hereunder with the stated authorities is a material inducement to the Company to make this Agreement and that such appointment is coupled with an interest and is accordingly irrevocable. Recipient agrees that such escrow holder shall not be liable to any party hereto (or to any other party) for any actions or omissions unless such escrow holder is grossly negligent relative thereto. The escrow holder may rely upon any letter, notice or other document executed by any signature purported to be genuine and may resign at any time. Any Additional Securities shall be retained by the Company in the same 3 4 manner and subject to the same conditions as the Restricted Stock with respect to which they were issued. Recipient shall be entitled to direct the Company to exercise any warrant or option received as Additional Securities upon supplying the funds necessary to do so, in which event the securities so purchased shall constitute Additional Securities, but the Recipient may not direct the Company to sell any such warrant or option. If Additional Securities consist of a convertible security, Recipient may exercise any conversion right, and any securities so acquired shall be deemed Additional Securities. Additional Securities shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 2, 4 and 6 in the same manner as the Restricted Stock. 5. Withholding of Taxes. At such time as the Stock becomes vested as provided in Section 3 hereof, Recipient shall immediately pay the Company the amount necessary to satisfy any applicable federal, state, and local income and employment tax withholding requirements. After the possibility of forfeiture under Section 3 has lapsed and subject to the approval of the Stock Option Committee if required by Rule 16b-3 of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Recipient may surrender to the Company any number of shares of Stock necessary to pay all or part of any withholding tax due arising from shares awarded under this Agreement, based on the fair market value of such shares surrendered. The fair market value shall be the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the NASDAQ National Market System for the last trading day prior to surrender, as reported in The Wall Street Journal. 6. Corporate Transaction. (a) Definition. For purposes of this Section 6, a "Corporate Transaction" shall include any of the following shareholder-approved transactions to which the Company is a party: (i) a merger or consolidation in which the Company is not the surviving entity, except for a transaction the principal purpose of which is to change the state of the Company's incorporation; (ii) the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in liquidation or dissolution of the Company; or (iii) any reverse merger in which the Company is the surviving entity but in which securities representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power of the Company's outstanding securities are transferred to holders different from those who held such securities immediately prior to such merger. (b) Release of Forfeiture Condition. In the event of any Corporate Transaction, any Restricted Stock shall vest in its entirety and thereby be released from restrictions on transfer and the Forfeiture Condition, immediately prior to the specified effective date of the Corporate Transaction. 4 5 7. Legends; Stop Transfer. (a) All certificates for shares of the Stock shall bear substantially the following legends: THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE RESTRICTED BY THE TERMS OF THAT CERTAIN RESTRICTED STOCK AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE NAMED SHAREHOLDER. THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH AGREEMENT, A COPY OF WHICH IS ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE COMPANY. (b) The certificates for shares of the Stock shall also bear any other legends required by applicable state corporate or securities laws. 8. NO EFFECT ON TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL NOT CONFER UPON RECIPIENT ANY RIGHT WITH RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF RECIPIENT'S EMPLOYMENT WITH THE COMPANY, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH THE RIGHT OF RECIPIENT OR THE COMPANY TO TERMINATE RECIPIENT'S EMPLOYMENT WITH THE COMPANY AT ANY TIME FOR ANY REASON WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE OR CHANGE THE TERMS OF EMPLOYMENT OF RECIPIENT. 9. Successors. This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns. 10. Governance of the Plan. The Stock is being issued to Recipient hereunder pursuant to the terms of the Plan, which shall govern with respect to Recipient in the event of any conflict with the terms of this Agreement. 11. California Law. The interpretation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have duly executed this Restricted Stock Agreement as of the date first above written. NOVELLUS SYSTEMS, INC., RECIPIENT: a California corporation By: _____________________________ _______________________________________ Richard Hill Title: __________________________ 5 6 ATTACHMENT A CONSENT OF SPOUSE (IF APPLICABLE) I, _____________________, spouse of Richard Hill have read and approved the foregoing Agreement. In consideration of the right of my spouse to acquire shares of Novellus Systems, Inc., as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my spouse as my attorney-in-fact in respect to the exercise of any rights under the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights under the community property laws of the State of California or similar laws relating to marital property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the signing of the foregoing Agreement. Dated: December 16, 1999 _______________________________________ 7 ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE FOR VALUE RECEIVED and pursuant to that certain Restricted Stock Agreement between the undersigned ("Recipient") and Novellus Systems, Inc. (the "Company") dated December 16, 1999 (the "Agreement"), Recipient hereby sells, assigns and transfers unto the Company _______ thousand (_______) shares of Common Stock of the Company standing in Recipient's name on the books of the Company represented by Certificate No. _________ herewith and does hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint the Secretary of the Company to transfer said stock on the books of the Company with full power of substitution in the premises. THIS ASSIGNMENT MAY ONLY BE USED AS AUTHORIZED BY THE AGREEMENT AND THE EXHIBITS THERETO. Dated: ____________________, _______ By: ___________________________________ ___________________________________ INSTRUCTION: Please do not fill in any blanks other than the signature line. The purpose of this assignment is to enable the Company to effect the forfeiture condition set forth in the Agreement without requiring additional signatures on the part of Recipient. EX-13.1 6 REGISTRANT'S 1999 ANNUAL REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS 1 EXHIBIT 13.1 FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PERCENTAGES AND PER SHARE DATA)
1999 QUARTER ENDED (UNAUDITED) MAR 27 JUN 26 SEP 25 DEC 31 ------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- Net sales $ 115,231 $ 130,878 $ 154,916 $ 191,716 Gross profit $ 61,134 $ 69,582 $ 83,721 $ 106,594 Gross profit as a % of sales 53% 53% 54% 56% Operating income $ 12,719 $ 14,945 $ 28,605 $ 44,068 Net income $ 9,425 $ 12,399 $ 21,773 $ 32,977 Basic earnings per share(2) $ 0.09 $ 0.11 $ 0.19 $ 0.28 Diluted earnings per share(2) $ 0.08 $ 0.10 $ 0.18 $ 0.27 Shares used in basic per share calculations(2) 107,928 116,335 116,823 118,183 Shares used in diluted per share calculations(2) 113,393 120,781 121,937 124,277
1998 QUARTER ENDED (UNAUDITED) MAR 28 JUN 27 SEP 26 DEC 31 ------------- -------------- -------------- ------------- Net sales $ 163,214 $ 142,844 $ 106,704 $ 106,016 Gross profit $ 89,931 $ 78,566 $ 56,082 $ 56,286 Gross profit as a % of sales 55% 55% 53% 53% Operating income $ 31,711 $ 24,031 $ 11,212 $ 11,994 Net income $ 20,950 $ 16,115 $ 7,623 $ 8,140 Basic earnings per share(2) $ 0.21 $ 0.16 $ 0.07 $ 0.08 Diluted earnings per share(2) $ 0.20 $ 0.15 $ 0.07 $ 0.08 Shares used in basic per share calculations(2) 101,449 101,796 102,285 102,894 Shares used in diluted per share calculations(2) 104,572 105,142 103,977 106,153
(2) The earnings per share amounts and shares used have been adjusted to reflect the Company's three-for-one stock split, effective January 15, 2000. 11 2 Selected Consolidated Financial Data [in thousands, except per share data]:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 - ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ------------ CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA: Net sales $592,741 $518,778 $534,004 $461,736 $373,732 Gross profit 321,031 280,865 290,438 264,574 216,147 Net income (loss) 76,574 52,828 (95,658)(1) 94,029 82,543 Basic earnings (loss) per share(2) $ 0.67 $ 0.52 $ (0.96) $ 0.97 $ 0.84 Diluted earnings (loss) per share(2) $ 0.64 $ 0.50 $ (0.96) $ 0.95 $ 0.80 Shares used in basic per share calculations(2) 114,817 102,106 99,770 96,468 98,136 Shares used in diluted per share calculations(2) 120,097 104,961 99,770(3) 99,054 102,822 DECEMBER 31, 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 - ------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ------------ CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments $385,257 $130,818 $ 98,089 $176,668 $149,799 Working capital 592,436 287,621 223,710 287,818 226,257 Total assets 909,929 551,939 493,300 459,787 364,688 Long-term obligations -- 65,000 65,000 -- -- Shareholders' equity 769,699 375,465 301,001 373,636 272,782 Cash dividends per share -- -- -- -- --
(1) The Company's reported loss of $95.7 million or $0.96 per share for the year ended December 31, 1997 includes pre-tax one-time charges totaling $235.2 million, consisting of $133.5 million in connection with the acquisition of TFS, a write-off of $17.7 million in connection with outstanding accounts receivable from Submicron Technology, Inc. and charges totaling $84.0 million in connection with the May 4, 1997 settlement of the TEOS patent litigation. (2) The earnings (loss) per share amounts and shares used have been adjusted to reflect the Company's two-for-one stock split, effective October 1997 and the Company's three-for-one stock split, effective January 15, 2000. (3) Excludes common stock equivalents as they are antidilutive to the loss per share for the year. 17 3 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS RESULTS OF OPERATIONS Net Sales Net sales were $592.7 million, $518.8 million, and $534.0 million in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The increase of approximately 14% from 1998 to 1999 reflects the strengthening of the semiconductor industry, as it appears to be in the early stages of a broad-based recovery. The increase in sales is attributable to both capacity and technology purchases. The Company's CVD equipment showed strong sales primarily as a result of increasing demand for its Concept Two products offset by the decline in demand for the Company's Concept One products. The decrease of approximately 3% from 1997 to 1998 reflects the slowdown in capital spending by semiconductor equipment manufacturers during 1998, particularly for capacity purchases. International sales were approximately 67% of net sales in 1999, an increase from 51% in 1998. The increase is the result of higher demand in Japan, Korea, and Pacific Rim countries offset by lower demand in Europe. International sales were approximately 51% of net sales in 1998, an increase from 47% in 1997. The increase is the result of higher demand in Europe and Korea offset by lower demand in Japan and the Pacific Rim countries. The Company expects international sales to continue to represent a significant portion of its overall net sales. The Company's international sales are primarily made directly to its customers. Gross Profit Gross profit was $321.0 million, $280.9 million, and $290.4 million in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The absolute dollar increase from 1998 to 1999 is due to higher net sales. The absolute dollar decrease from 1997 to 1998 was due to lower net sales. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit remained consistent at 54% in 1999, 1998 and 1997. While gross profit as a percentage of sales remained constant in all three years, the Company experienced a higher level of unabsorbed fixed costs in 1998 as compared with 1997. The higher unabsorbed fixed costs in 1998 were offset by stronger system gross margins due to lower sales of older, lower margin PVD systems associated with the acquisition of TFS. During the latter half of 1999, the level of unabsorbed fixed costs declined, however, the Company incurred higher warranty costs in 1999 as compared to 1998. The Company anticipates that continuing cost reduction programs, increasing sales volumes and the corresponding higher absorption of fixed overhead costs will result in improved near term gross margins. Selling, General, and Administrative Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $101.0 million, $95.4 million, and $89.5 million in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general, and administrative expenses were approximately 17%, 18%, and 17% in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The increase in absolute dollars from 1998 to 1999 is attributable to increased costs associated with the growth in revenues. However, the decrease as a percentage of net sales from 1998 to 1999 reflects the Company's ongoing efforts to control selling, general, and administrative expenses despite the rapid growth in revenues. The increase as a percentage of net sales and in absolute dollars from 1997 to 1998 is related to the impact of a full year of selling, general and administrative expenses associated with the PVD product line, acquired from Varian in June 1997. Research and Development Research and development expenses were $119.7 million, $106.5 million, and $89.8 million (excluding a charge for acquired in-process research and development of $119.2 million), in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The increases reflect the Company's continued commitment to the development of new products, including additional Concept Two modules, advanced PVD systems, advanced "gap fill" technology, primary conductor metals, low K dielectric materials and additional advanced technologies for 18 4 the next generation of smaller geometry fabrication lines, as well as equipment to process 300mm wafers. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expenses were approximately 20%, 21%, and 17% in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The Company plans to continue to invest in new products and increase research and development spending in absolute dollars. However, as the Company continues to experience growth in revenues, research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues will continue to decline. Gross profit, research and development expenses, and selling, general, and administrative expenses were affected throughout the periods indicated by charges to expense for the Company's profit sharing and bonus programs. Amounts charged to expense for these programs in 1999, 1998, and 1997 were $10.3 million, $5.5 million, and $8.0 million, respectively. Acquisition of Thin Film Systems In connection with the acquisition of the Thin Film Systems Division from Varian Associates, the Company recorded pre-tax charges of $133.5 million during 1997. These charges included $119.2 million for in-process research and development and $14.2 million attributed to restructuring charges, relating primarily to write-offs of duplicative assets and facilities. As of December 31, 1999, all of the restructuring charges had been incurred and the Company had made approximately $2.6 million of cash payments, primarily related to lease payments. To determine the value of the acquired in-process research and development technology, the Company considered, among other factors, the stage of development of each project, the time and resources needed to complete each project, expected income, target markets and associated risks. Associated risks include the inherent difficulties and uncertainties in completing each project and thereby achieving technological feasibility, and the risks related to the viability of potential changes in future target markets. Due to the absence of a completed working model at which point functions, features and technical performance requirements can be demonstrated as of the date of the acquisition, the Company concluded that the in-process technology had no alternate future use after considering potential future usage in different products, resale, and internal usage. A discount rate of 35% was applied in the valuation of in-process technology. The analysis resulted in a valuation of $119.2 million. Therefore, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the $119.2 million was expensed. Other In the quarter ended June 28, 1997, the Company recorded charges of $84.0 million and $17.7 million related to the settlement of the TEOS patent litigation and a customer account write-off, respectively. Net Interest Income Net interest income was $14.0 million, $1.1 million, and $2.9 million, in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The increase from 1998 to 1999 was due to higher average cash and short-term investment balances. In February 1999, the Company completed a secondary public offering of 11.6 million shares of common stock, resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $255.3 million. In addition, long-term borrowings of $65.0 million were repaid subsequent to the stock offering, which resulted in a reduction of interest expense. The decrease from 1997 to 1998 was due to lower average cash and short-term investment balances and a full year's interest expense associated with the Company's $65.0 million debt, which was incurred in order to complete the acquisition of TFS. Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes The provision for income taxes reflects an effective tax rate of 33% in 1999, 34% in 1998, and (21%) in 1997. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 1999 versus 1998 is due to increased benefit from the foreign sales corporation. The lower effective tax rate in 1997 is primarily due to the in-process research and development charge, which was not fully tax benefited. At December 31, 1999, the Company has recognized a deferred tax asset of $54.6 million, net of a valuation allowance of $13.8 million. The Company believes that it is more likely than not that this asset will be realized by an offset against the recognized deferred tax liability of $18.3 million and future taxable income. 19 5 Net Income (Loss) Net income for the year ended December 31, 1999 was $76.6 million or $0.67 and $0.64 per basic and diluted shares, respectively, compared with net income for the year ended December 31, 1998 of $52.8 million or $0.52 and $0.50 per basic and diluted shares, respectively. Net income for the year ended December 31, 1998 was $52.8 million or $0.52 and $0.50 per basic and diluted shares, respectively, compared with a net (loss) for the year ended December 31, 1997 of $(95.7) million or $(0.96) per basic and diluted shares. The net loss recorded in 1997 is attributable to the TFS acquisition and other charges described above. Without giving effect to these charges the Company's operating income for the year ended December 31, 1997 would have approximated $75.3 million or $0.75 and $0.72 per basic and diluted shares, respectively. The number of shares used in the per share calculations for the year ended December 31, 1999 was 114.8 million and 120.1 million shares, respectively for the basic and diluted income per share calculations, compared with 102.1 million and 105.0 million for the basic and diluted income per share calculations, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 1998. The increase in shares used compared to the comparable year-ago periods is primarily due to an increased number of common stock outstanding resulting from the common stock offering of 11.6 million shares in February 1999 and the exercise of stock options in 1999. Shares used for year ended December 31, 1997 exclude common stock equivalents as they are antidilutive. Repurchase of Common Stock During 1999, 1998 and 1997, the Company repurchased 18,000, 27,000 and 18,000 shares of common stock, respectively. These share repurchases had no material impact on earnings (loss) per share amounts in each period. Foreign Currency Accounting The local currency is the functional currency for all foreign operations. Accordingly, translation gains or losses related to the foreign subsidiaries are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Foreign Exchange Contracts The Company conducts its business in various foreign currencies. The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts primarily to hedge against the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations of intercompany accounts payable denominated in U.S. dollars recorded by the Japanese subsidiary. The Company also enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to buy and sell foreign currencies as economic hedges of the parent's intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar. In 1999, 1998, and 1997, these hedging contracts were denominated primarily in the Japanese Yen. The maturities of all the forward foreign exchange contracts are generally short-term in nature. As the impact of movements in currency exchange rates on forward foreign exchange contracts offsets the related impact on the underlying items being hedged, the Company believes these financial instruments do not subject the Company to speculative risk that would otherwise result from changes in currency exchange rates. Net foreign currency gains and losses have not been material. Other Issues In June 1998, the FASB released SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". SFAS No. 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measure those instruments at fair value. The Statement is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company is still in the process of assessing the impact of SFAS No. 133 on its financial statements. In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." SAB 101 provides guidance on the recognition, 20 6 presentation, and disclosure of revenue in financial statements of all public registrants. The semiconductor capital equipment industry and the accounting profession are currently evaluating various practical implementation considerations. Changes in our revenue recognition policy resulting from the interpretation of SAB 101 would not involve any restatement of prior periods but would, to the extent applicable, be reported as a change in accounting principle in the quarter ending July 1, 2000. To the extent that SAB 101 is relevant to recognition of revenue on our future shipments, we would adopt the new accounting principle effective April 2, 2000. Accordingly, any shipments previously reported as revenue that do not meet SAB 101 revenue recognition guidance would be recorded as revenue in future periods. At the current time, it is not possible to determine the effect this change will have on our financial statements. However, management believes that SAB 101, to the extent applicable to us, will not affect the underlying strength or weakness of our business operations as measured by the dollar value of our product shipments and cash flows. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES The Company has historically financed its operating and capital resource requirements through cash flows from operations, sales of equity securities, and borrowings. The Company's primary source of funds at December 31,1999 consisted of $385.3 million of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. This amount represents an increase of $254.5 million from the December 31, 1998 balance of $130.8 million. During the first quarter of 1999, the Company completed a secondary public offering of 11.6 million shares of common stock that resulted in net proceeds to the Company of $255.1 million. During the second quarter of 1997, the Company entered into a five year $125.0 million Senior Credit Facility structured as an unsecured revolving credit line. The borrowings, at the option of the Company, bear interest at either a base rate plus a margin or LIBOR plus a margin for interest periods of one to six months. During March 1999, total borrowings of $65.0 million were repaid. The Senior Credit Facility requires the Company to be in compliance with certain financial covenants. At December 31, 1999, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants. In addition, at December 31, 1999, there was $13.5 million available under bank lines of credit that expire at various dates through June 2002. At December 31, 1999 approximately $13.5 million was outstanding under these bank lines of credit which bear interest at the banks' prime lending rates or offshore reference rates. The weighted average interest rates at December 31, 1999 for borrowings under the bank lines of credit was 1.14%. Net cash provided by operating activities during the year ended December 31, 1999 was $83.7 million. This amount consisted primarily of net income of $76.6 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of $29.8 million, an increase of $12.5 million in accounts payable, increases in other accrued liabilities and accrued payroll of $7.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively, and an increase of $28.4 million in income taxes payable partially offset by an increase in inventories of $32.8 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $40.3 million and a decrease in accrued warranty of $5.8 million. The increases in inventories and accounts receivable were the result of increased net sales volume, coupled with additions to spare parts inventory to support new sites, new systems at existing sites and new products in the Company's growing installed base. Net cash used in investing activities was $212.2 million during the year ended December 31, 1999. During this period, the Company's cash outflows consisted of purchases of approximately $154.1 million, net, of available-for-sale securities. In addition, the Company had capital expenditures of $28.8 million and an increase in other assets of $29.4 million. During July 1999, the Company acquired certain assets, technology, and contract obligations from Fairchild Technologies USA, Inc. for $7.6 million. The purchase price was allocated to $1.1 million of assets and $6.5 million of acquired technology. The $6.5 million of acquired technology was capitalized as an intangible asset in July 1999. The Company expects investments in property and equipment for the fiscal year 2000 to approximate $64.0 million. The Company intends to finance these investments from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations. 21 7 During the year ended December 31, 1999, net cash provided by financing activities was $228.9 million due primarily to net proceeds of $255.1 million from a secondary public offering of common stock in the first quarter of 1999 and $38.8 million from common stock option exercises and purchases of common stock under the Company's employee stock purchase plan. These amounts were partially offset by a decrease in long-term debt of $65 million, which was repaid from proceeds of the common stock offering during the first quarter of 1999. The Company believes that its current cash position, cash generated through operations and equity offerings, and available borrowings will be sufficient to meet the Company's needs through the next twelve months. CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS The statements contained in this Annual Report to Shareholders that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1993 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including, without limitation, statements regarding the Company's expectations, objectives, anticipations, plans, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the Company's strategies, beliefs, plans, expectations, anticipations and hopes with respect to Net Sales, Gross Profit, Research and Development, Selling, General and Administrative, Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes, and Foreign Exchange Contracts set forth under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations"; the Company's belief that there is not a significant risk of nonperformance by counterparties on its foreign exchange contracts used in hedging activities, under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cautionary Statements - Concentration of Credit Risk" and "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 1 Business and Nature of Operations Concentration of Credit Risk;" the Company's anticipation that export sales will account for a significant portion of net sales for the foreseeable future set forth under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cautionary Statements - International Operations"; the Company's expectation that it will continue to experience significant fluctuations in its quarterly operating results set forth under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Cautionary Statements - Variability of Quarter Operating Results"; and the Company's expectations and beliefs with respect to its current cash position, cash generated through operations and its expectations with respect to the return from investments in property and equipment and the sufficiency of funds from operations, existing cash balances and borrowing capacity, under the heading "Liquidity and Capital Resources". All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to the Company on the date hereof, and the Company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. It is important to note that the Company's actual results could differ materially from those included in such forward-looking statements. Among the factors that cause actual results to differ materially are the factors detailed in the following discussion on "Other Cautionary Statements." The reader should also consult the cautionary statements and risk factors listed from time to time in the Company's Reports on Forms 10-Q, 8-K, 10-K and Annual Report to Shareholders. Other Cautionary Statements These additional risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those described herein and include the following: Demand Shifts in the PC Industry. In the PC market, a shift in demand from more expensive, high-performance products to lower-priced products (sub-$1,000 PCs) has resulted in reduced profitability for 22 8 semiconductor manufacturers. Strengthening demand for sub-$1,000 PCs could cause further delays or decreased demand for the Company's products. Concentration of Credit Risk. The Company uses financial instruments that potentially subject it to concentrations of credit risk. Such instruments include cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and financial instruments used in hedging activities. The Company invests its cash in cash deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, readily marketable debt securities, or medium term notes. The Company places its investments with high-credit-quality financial institutions and limits the credit exposure from any one financial institution or instrument. To date, the Company has not experienced material losses on these investments. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally requires no collateral. The Company has an exposure to nonperformance by counterparties on the foreign exchange contracts used in hedging activities. These counterparties are large international financial institutions and to date, no such counterparty has failed to meet its financial obligations to the Company. The Company does not believe there is a significant risk of nonperformance by these counterparties because the Company continuously monitors its positions and the credit ratings of such counterparties and the amount of contracts it enters into with any one party. However, there can be no assurance that there will be no significant nonperformance by these counterparties and that this would not materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations. International Operations. Export sales accounted for approximately 67%, 51%, and 47% of net sales in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The Company anticipates that export sales will account for a significant portion of net sales in the foreseeable future. As a result, a significant portion of the Company's sales will be subject to certain risks, including tariffs and other barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign subsidiary operations, difficulties in managing distributors, potentially adverse tax consequences and the possibility of difficulty in accounts receivable collection. The Company is also subject to the risks associated with the imposition of legislation and regulations relating to the import or export of semiconductor products. The Company cannot predict whether quotas, duties, taxes, or other charges or restrictions will be implemented by the United States or any other country upon the importation or exportation of the Company's products in the future. There can be no assurance that any of these factors or the adoption of restrictive policies will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. Moreover, each region in the global semiconductor equipment market exhibits unique characteristics that can cause capital equipment investment patterns to vary significantly from period to period. Although international markets provide the Company with significant growth opportunities, periodic economic downturns, trade balance issues, political instability and fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates are all risks that could materially and adversely affect global products and service demand, and, therefore, the Company's business operations and financial condition. Asian countries, particularly Japan and Korea, are affected by banking, currency and other difficulties that are contributing to the economic developments in those countries. The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from customers in Asian countries particularly Japan and Korea. Economic developments in late 1997 and early 1998 resulted in decreased capital investments by Asian customers. Recent economic developments indicate that the economies of Japan, Korea and other Asian countries have recovered somewhat from 1997 and 1998 levels. Any negative economic developments or delays in the economic recovery of Asian countries could result in the cancellation or delay of orders for the Company's products from Asian customers, thus materially adversely affecting the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. 23 9 In addition to the concerns described above, sales of systems shipped by the Company's Japanese subsidiary are denominated in Japanese Yen. The Company sells the systems to its Japanese subsidiary in U.S. Dollars. It then enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge against the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations of intercompany accounts payable denominated in U.S. Dollars recorded by the Japanese subsidiary in order to manage this exposure. However, there can be no assurance that future changes in the Japanese Yen will not have a material effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. Market Risk. The Company's business depends predominantly on capital expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers, which in turn depends on the current and anticipated market demand for integrated circuits and products utilizing integrated circuits. The semiconductor industry has historically been very cyclical and has experienced periodic downturns, which have had a material adverse effect on the semiconductor industry's demand for semiconductor processing equipment, including equipment manufactured and marketed by the Company. During periods of reduced and declining demand, the Company must be able to quickly and effectively align its cost structure with prevailing market conditions, and motivate and retain key employees. During periods of rapid growth, the Company must be able to acquire and/or develop sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet customer demand, and hire and assimilate a sufficient number of qualified people. No assurance can be given that the Company's net sales and operating results will not be adversely affected if downturns or slowdowns in the rate of capital investment in the semiconductor industry occur in the future. Possible Volatility of Stock Price. The stock price of the Company's Common Stock may be subject to wide fluctuations and possible rapid increases or declines in a short time period. These fluctuations may be due to factors specific to the Company such as variations in quarterly operating results or changes in analysts' earnings estimates, or to factors relating to the semiconductor industry or to the securities markets in general, which, in recent years, have experienced significant price fluctuations. These fluctuations often have been unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies whose stocks are traded. Shareholders should be willing to incur the risk of such fluctuations. Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public market after any offering of the Company's Securities could adversely affect the market price of the outstanding Common Stock. Variability of Quarterly Operating Results. The Company has experienced and expects to continue to experience significant fluctuations in its quarterly operating results. During each quarter, the Company customarily sells a relatively small number of systems that typically sell for prices in excess of $1 million. The Company's backlog at the beginning of each quarter does not necessarily include all system sales needed to achieve expected net sales for that quarter. Consequently, the Company will often be dependent on obtaining orders for shipment in the same quarter that the order is received. Because the Company builds its systems according to forecast, the absence of significant backlog for an extended period of time could hinder the Company's ability to plan production and inventory levels, which could adversely affect operating results. The Company's net sales and operating results could also be adversely affected for a particular quarter if an anticipated order for even a few systems is not received in time to permit shipment during that quarter. Moreover, customers may reschedule or cancel shipments, with, in the case of cancellations, little or no penalties, and production difficulties could delay shipments. A delay in a ship- 24 10 ment in any quarter, due, for example, to an unanticipated shipment rescheduling, to cancellations by customers or to unexpected manufacturing difficulties experienced by the Company, may cause net sales in such quarter to fall significantly below the Company's expectations and may thus materially adversely affect the Company's operating results for such quarter. The timing of new product announcements and releases by the Company may also contribute to fluctuations in quarterly operating results, particularly in cases where new product offerings cause customers to defer ordering products from the Company's existing product lines. The Company's results of operations also could be affected by new product announcements and releases by the Company's competitors, the volume, mix and timing of orders received during a period, availability and pricing of key components, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, and conditions in the semiconductor equipment industry. The Company's operating results also fluctuate based on gross profit realized on system sales. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales may vary based on a variety of factors, including the mix and average selling prices of products sold and costs to manufacture upgrades and customize systems. Because the Company's operating expenses are based on anticipated net sales levels, and a high percentage of those expenses are relatively fixed, a variation in the timing of recognition of net sales and the level of gross profit from a single transaction can cause material variations in operating results from quarter to quarter. Impact of Year 2000. In the prior years, the Company discussed the nature and progress of its plans to become Year 2000 compliant. In late 1999, the Company completed its remediation and testing of systems. As a result of those planning and implementation efforts, the Company experienced no significant disruptions in mission critical information technology and non-information technology systems and believes those systems successfully responded to the Year 2000 date change. The Company expensed approximately $1.7 million during 1999 in connection with remediating its systems. The Company is not aware of any material problems resulting from Year 2000 issues, either with its products, its internal systems, or the products and services of third parties. The Company will continue to monitor its mission critical computer applications and those of its suppliers and vendors throughout the year 2000 to ensure that any latent Year 2000 matters that may arise are addressed promptly. Euro Conversion. On January 1, 1999, several member countries of the European Union established fixed conversion rates between their existing sovereign currencies and adopted the Euro as their new common legal currency. As of that date, the Euro traded on currency exchanges and the legacy currencies remain legal tender in the participating countries for a transition period between January 1, 1999 and January 1, 2002. During the transition period, noncash payments can be made in the Euro, and parties can elect to pay for goods and services and transact business using either the Euro or legacy currency. Between January 1, 1999 and January 1, 2002 the participating countries will introduce Euro notes and coins and withdraw all legacy currencies so that they will no longer be available. The Euro conversion may affect cross-border competition by creating cross-border transparency. The Company is assessing its pricing/marketing strategy in order to insure that it remains competitive in a broader European market. The Company is also assessing its information technology systems to allow for transactions to take place in both legacy currencies and the Euro and the eventual elimination of the legacy currencies, and reviewing whether certain existing contracts will be need to be modified. The Company's currency risk and risk management for operations in participating countries may be reduced as the legacy currencies are converted to the Euro. 25 11 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Interest Rate Risk. The Company's exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the Company's investment portfolio and long-term debt obligations. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments in its investment portfolio. The Company places its investments with high credit quality issuers and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company mitigates default risk by investing in only the safest and highest credit quality securities and by monitoring the credit rating of investment issuers. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to ensure portfolio liquidity. The Company has no cash flow exposure due to rate changes for cash equivalents and short-term investments, as all of these investments are at fixed interest rates. The Company's short-term borrowing is at a fixed interest rate. Long-term debt is at variable interest rates. The short-term borrowing is used by the Company's Japanese subsidiary for general corporate purposes including capital expenditures and working capital needs. The long-term debt was incurred in connection with the Company's acquisition of TFS. The Company has lease agreements on several properties. The agreements are for five years with interest rates that approximate the London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR). At current interest rates, the annual lease payments total approximately $16.9 million as of December 31, 1999 and $12.7 million as of December 31, 1998. Foreign Currency Risk. The Company transacts business in various foreign countries. Its primary foreign currency cash flows are in countries in Asia and Europe. During 1999 and 1998, the Company employed a foreign currency hedging program utilizing foreign currency forward exchange contracts and certain foreign currency denominated balance sheet positions. Under this program, increases or decreases in currency commitments and balance sheet positions, as translated into U.S. dollars, are primarily offset by realized gains and losses on the hedging instruments. The goal of the hedging program is to economically guarantee or lock in exchange rates on the Company's foreign currency cash outflows and to minimize the impact to the Company of foreign currency fluctuations. The Company does not use foreign currency forward exchange contracts for speculative or trading purposes. 26 12 The table below presents principal amounts and related weighted average interest rates by year of maturity for the Company's investment portfolio and debt obligations.
FAIR VALUE DECEMBER 31, IN THOUSANDS 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 THEREAFTER TOTAL 1999 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---------- ----- ------------ Assets Cash equivalents $181,568 -- -- -- -- -- $181,568 $181,568 Average interest rate 6.17% -- -- -- -- 6.17% Short-term investments $203,689 -- -- -- -- -- $203,689 $203,689 Average interest rate 5.70% -- -- -- -- 5.70% Total investment securities $385,257 -- -- -- -- -- $385,257 $385,257 Average interest rate 5.92% -- -- -- -- 5.92% Short-term borrowing $ 13,521 -- -- -- -- -- $ 13,521 $ 13,521 Average interest rate 1.14% -- -- -- -- 1.14%
FAIR VALUE DECEMBER 31, IN THOUSANDS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 THEREAFTER TOTAL 1998 - ---------------- -------- ---- ---- -------- ---- ---------- -------- ------------ Assets Cash equivalents $ 81,224 -- -- -- -- -- $ 81,224 $ 81,224 Average interest rate 4.42% -- -- -- -- 4.42% Short-term investments $ 49,594 -- -- -- -- -- $ 49,594 $ 49,594 Average interest rate 5.50% -- -- -- -- 5.50% Total investment securities $130,818 -- -- -- -- -- $130,818 $130,818 Average interest rate 4.83% -- -- -- -- 4.83% Short-term borrowing $ 12,986 -- -- -- -- -- $ 12,986 $ 12,986 Average interest rate 1.52% -- -- -- -- 1.52% Long-term debt Variable rate -- -- -- $ 65,000 -- -- $ 65,000 $ 65,000 Average interest rate -- -- 6.51% -- -- 6.51% Total debt $ 12,986 -- -- $ 65,000 -- -- $ 77,986 $ 77,986 Average interest rate 1.52% 6.51% -- -- 5.68%
27 13 Under the hedging program, all foreign currency contracts are marked-to-market and realized and unrealized gains and losses are included as a component of other income and expense. The following table provides information as of December 31, 1999 about the Company's derivative financial instruments, which are comprised of foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The information is provided in U.S. dollar equivalent amounts, as presented in the Company's financial statements. The table presents the notional amounts (at the contract exchange rates), the weighted average contractual foreign currency exchange rates, and the estimated fair value of those contracts.
DECEMBER 31, 1999 NOTIONAL AVERAGE ESTIMATED IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR AVERAGE CONTRACT RATE AMOUNT CONTRACT RATE FAIR VALUE - ----------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------- ---------- Foreign currency forward exchange contracts: Japanese yen $38,888 103.19 $(1,424) British pound (1,085) 0.62 (2) French franc (13) 6.41 -- Irish punt (104) 0.77 (2) Germany mark 80 1.91 1 Dutch guilder (95) 2.15 (1) Singapore dollar (474) 1.66 (1) Taiwan dollar (4,407) 31.18 (3) -------------- -------------- ------------- $32,790 $(1,432) ============== ============== =============
DECEMBER 31, 1998 NOTIONAL AVERAGE ESTIMATED IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR AVERAGE CONTRACT RATE AMOUNT CONTRACT RATE FAIR VALUE - ----------------------------------------------- -------- ------------- ---------- Foreign currency forward exchange contracts: Japanese yen $24,014 117.09 $(954) British pound (1,086) 1.69 (15) French franc 152 5.63 (1) Irish punt (49) 1.50 -- Germany mark 382 1.66 -- Dutch guilder 185 1.89 (2) Singapore dollar 132 1.65 -- Taiwan dollar (2,320) 32.32 11 -------- ------------- ----- $21,410 $(961) ======== ============= =====
STOCK INFORMATION (1) Novellus' common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market and is quoted on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol "NVLS". The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices as reported by the NASDAQ National Market for the periods indicated:
1999 HIGH LOW ---------------------- ------------- -------------- First Quarter $25.17 $16.48 Second Quarter 23.58 14.96 Third Quarter 25.29 17.29 Fourth Quarter 42.79 22.29 1998 HIGH LOW ---------------------- ------------- -------------- First Quarter $16.46 $ 9.94 Second Quarter 16.48 10.42 Third Quarter 14.35 7.90 Fourth Quarter 19.31 7.31
(1) Stock prices have been restated to reflect the Company's three-for-one stock split, effective January 15, 2000. The Company has not paid cash dividends on its common stock since inception, and its Board of Directors presently plans to reinvest the Company's earnings in its business. Accordingly, it is anticipated that no cash dividends will be paid to holders of common stock in the foreseeable future. Additionally, certain covenants set forth in the Company's bank lines of credit and senior credit facility prohibit the Company's ability to pay dividends. As of December 31, 1999, there were 581 holders of record of the Company's common stock. 28 14 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 1998 1997 - ------------------------------------------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- (in thousands, except per share data) Net sales $592,741 $518,778 $534,004 Cost of sales 271,710 237,913 243,566 -------------- ------------- -------------- Gross profit 321,031 280,865 290,438 Operating expenses: Selling, general and administrative 101,027 95,407 89,474 Research and development 119,667 106,510 89,830 In-process research and development -- -- 119,246 Restructuring and other costs -- -- 14,243 Litigation settlement and other related -- -- 84,021 legal costs Bad debt write-off -- -- 17,700 -------------- ------------- -------------- Total operating expenses 220,694 201,917 414,514 -------------- ------------- -------------- Operating income (loss) 100,337 78,948 (124,076) Interest: Income 15,656 5,968 5,684 Expense (1,703) (4,869) (2,741) -------------- ------------- -------------- Net interest income 13,953 1,099 2,943 -------------- ------------- -------------- Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for 114,290 80,047 (121,133) income taxes Provision (benefit) for income taxes 37,716 27,219 (25,475) -------------- ------------- -------------- Net income (loss) $ 76,574 $ 52,828 $ (95,658) ============== ============= ============== Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.67 $0.52 $ (0.96) ============== ============== ============= Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.64 $0.50 $ (0.96) ============== ============= ============== Shares used in basic per share calculations 114,817 102,106 99,770 ============== ============= ============== Shares used in diluted per share calculations 120,097 104,961 99,770 ============== ============= ==============
See accompanying notes. 29 15 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 1999 1998 - ------------------------------------------------- ------------ ----------------- (in thousands) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 181,568 $ 81,224 Short-term investments 203,689 49,594 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,721 in 1999 and $3,135 in 1998 213,678 173,364 Inventories 103,883 69,223 Deferred tax assets 24,521 21,003 Prepaid and other current assets 5,327 4,687 ------------ ----------------- Total current assets 732,666 399,095 Property and equipment: Machinery and equipment 138,518 113,268 Furniture and fixtures 9,335 8,295 Leasehold improvements 54,349 52,237 ------------ ----------------- 202,202 173,800 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization 95,423 68,221 ------------ ----------------- 106,779 105,579 Long-term deferred tax assets 11,770 17,516 Other assets 58,714 29,749 ------------ ----------------- Total assets $909,929 $551,939 ============ ================= LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 43,438 $ 30,966 Accrued payroll and related expenses 19,367 13,138 Accrued warranty 20,083 25,872 Other accrued liabilities 31,150 23,720 Income taxes payable 12,671 4,792 Current obligations under lines of credit 13,521 12,986 ------------ ----------------- Total current liabilities 140,230 111,474 Long-term debt -- 65,000 Commitments and contingencies Shareholders' equity: Preferred stock, no par value; Authorized shares - 10,000 Issued and outstanding shares - none -- -- Common stock, no par value; Authorized shares - 240,000 Issued and outstanding shares - 119,064 in 1999 and 103,497 in 1998 490,587 176,140 Retained earnings 277,671 201,581 Accumulated other comprehensive income 1,441 (2,256) (loss) ------------ ----------------- Total shareholders' equity 769,699 375,465 ------------ ----------------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $909,929 $551,939 ============ =================
See accompanying notes. 30 16 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999 1998 1997 - ------------------------------------------------- ------------- ---------------- ---------------- (in thousands) OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income (loss) $76,574 $52,828 ($95,658) Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 29,832 23,839 18,288 In-process research and development -- -- 119,246 Restructuring and other costs -- -- 12,043 Bad debt write-off -- -- 17,700 Deferred income taxes 2,228 13,220 (37,226) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable (40,314) (39,439) (17,899) Inventories (32,812) 12,895 (5,232) Prepaid and other current assets (640) 9,934 4,067 Accounts payable 12,472 8,101 (11,294) Accrued payroll and related expenses 6,229 (7,494) 993 Accrued warranty (5,789) (11,964) 5,551 Other accrued liabilities 7,430 (10,594) 12,068 Income taxes payable 28,423 9,520 7,624 ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Total adjustments 7,059 8,018 125,929 ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Net cash provided by operating activities 83,633 60,846 30,271 ------------- ---------------- ---------------- INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchases of available-for-sale securities (407,472) (67,457) (125,663) Proceeds from the sale and maturity of 253,377 56,687 197,745 available-for-sale securities Purchase of the net assets of the Thin Film Systems business of Varian Associates, Inc. -- -- (148,325) Capital expenditures (28,794) (36,092) (36,153) (Increase) decrease in other assets (29,354) (10,296) 2,208 ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Net cash used in investing activities (212,243) (57,158) (110,188) ------------- ---------------- ---------------- FINANCING ACTIVITIES Proceeds (payments) from lines of credit, net 535 1,334 (1,501) Borrowings (repayment) under long-term debt (65,000) -- 65,000 Proceeds from common stock offering, net 255,133 -- -- Common stock issued 38,839 17,288 10,193 Common stock repurchased (553) (351) (272) ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Net cash provided by financing activities 228,954 18,271 73,420 ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash 100,344 21,959 (6,497) equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of 81,224 59,265 65,762 the year ------------- ---------------- ---------------- Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year $181,568 $81,224 $59,265 ============= ================ ================ Supplemental disclosures: Cash paid during the year for: Interest $ 1,703 $ 4,876 $ 2,741 Income taxes $ 1,399 $ 4,693 $ 393 Other non-cash changes: Income tax benefits from employee stock plans $ 20,544 $ 4,728 $ 7,624
See accompanying notes. 31 17 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE TOTAL COMMON STOCK RETAINED INCOME SHAREHOLDERS' SHARES AMOUNT EARNINGS (LOSS) EQUITY - ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------- ------------- ------------- (in thousands) Balance at January 1, 1997 97,530 $128,751 $244,966 $ (81) $373,636 Exercise of stock options 3,210 14,956 -- -- 14,956 Shares issued under employee stock Purchase plan 435 2,861 -- -- 2,861 Income tax benefits realized from activity in employee stock plans -- 7,624 -- -- 7,624 Net loss -- -- (95,658) -- (95,658) Cumulative translation adjustment -- -- -- (2,146) (2,146) ----------- Comprehensive loss -- -- -- -- (97,804) ----------- Common stock repurchased (18) (25) (247) -- (272) ------- -------- ------- -------- ----------- Balance at December 31, 1997 101,157 154,167 149,061 (2,227) 301,001 Exercise of stock options 1,854 12,617 -- -- 12,617 Shares issued under employee stock purchase plan 513 4,671 -- -- 4,671 Income tax benefits realized from activity in employee stock plans -- 4,728 -- -- 4,728 Net income -- -- 52,828 -- 52,828 Cumulative translation adjustment -- -- -- (29) (29) ----------- Comprehensive income -- -- -- -- 52,799 ----------- Common stock repurchased (27) (43) (308) -- (351) ---------- -------- ------- ------- ----------- Balance at December 31, 1998 103,497 176,140 201,581 (2,256) 375,465 Proceeds from common stock offering, net 11,580 255,133 -- -- 255,133 Exercise of stock options 3,573 33,566 -- -- 33,566 Shares issued under employee stock Purchase plan 432 5,273 -- -- 5,273 Income tax benefits realized from activity in employee stock plans -- 20,544 -- -- 20,544 Net income -- -- 76,574 -- 76,574 Cumulative translation adjustment -- -- -- 3,697 3,697 ---------- Comprehensive income -- -- -- -- 80,271 ---------- Common stock repurchased (18) (69) (484) -- (553) -------- -------- -------- ------- ---------- Balance at December 31, 1999 119,064 $490,587 $277,671 $ 1,441 $769,699 ======== ======== ======== ======= ==========
See accompanying notes. 32 18 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS NOTE 1 BUSINESS AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS Nature of Operations Novellus Systems, Inc. (the Company) is a leading manufacturer of high productivity deposition systems (CVD, PVD, and electrofill) used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. CVD systems employ a chemical plasma to deposit all of the dielectric (insulating) layers and certain of the conductive metal layers on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. PVD systems are used to deposit conductive metal layers by sputtering metallic atoms from the surface of a target source via high DC power. Electrofill systems are used for depositing copper conductive layers in a dual damascene design architecture using a plating bath solution. The overall growth in the semiconductor industry and the increasing number of layers used in complex integrated circuits have led to demand for advanced deposition equipment. The Company's products are able to provide simultaneous solutions to productivity and wafer quality problems facing the worldwide semiconductor manufacturing industry. Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions. Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to the 1999 presentation. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates and such differences may be material to the financial statements. Revenue Recognition Net sales consist of system and spare part sales as well as revenues from maintenance and service contracts. Revenue related to system and spare part sales is recognized on shipment. Revenue related to maintenance and service contracts is recognized ratably over the duration of the contracts. Unearned maintenance and service contract revenue is immaterial and included in accrued liabilities. Warranty and Installation The Company generally warrants its systems for a period of up to 24 months from shipment for material and labor to repair and service the system. A provision for the estimated cost of installation and warranty is recorded upon shipment. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments with insignificant interest rate risk and maturities of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Short-Term Investments The Company classifies its marketable debt securities as available-for-sale in accordance with the provisions of the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities." Securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair market value with the related unrealized gains and losses included in retained earnings. Realized gains and losses and declines in value of securities judged to be other than temporary are included in interest income or expense. Interest on all securities is included in interest income. 33 19 Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Inventories consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):
1999 1998 -------- ------- Purchased and spare parts $ 71,688 $50,591 Work-in-process 29,621 13,005 Finished goods 2,574 5,627 -------- ------- $103,883 $69,223 ======== =======
Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided mainly on the straight-line method over the following useful lives: Machinery and equipment 3-5 years Furniture and fixtures 3-5 years Leasehold improvements Shorter of useful life or remaining lease term Foreign Currency Accounting The local currency is the functional currency for all foreign operations. Accordingly, translation gains or losses related to the foreign subsidiaries' financial statements are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Forward Foreign Exchange Contracts The Company enters into forward foreign exchange contracts primarily to hedge against the short-term impact of foreign currency fluctuations of intercompany accounts payable denominated in U.S. Dollars recorded by its Japanese subsidiary. The Company also enters into forward foreign exchange contracts to buy and sell foreign currencies as economic hedges of the parent's intercompany balances denominated in a currency other than the U.S. Dollar. In 1999 and 1998, these hedging contracts were denominated primarily in the Japanese Yen. The maturities of all the forward foreign exchange contracts are generally short-term in nature. Because the impact of movements in currency exchange rates on forward foreign exchange contracts offsets the related impact on the underlying items being hedged, these financial instruments do not subject the Company to speculative risk that would otherwise result from changes in currency exchange rates. All foreign currency contracts are marked-to-market and realized and unrealized gains and losses are included as a component of other income and expense. Net foreign currency gains and losses have not been material. Stock Split On December 17, 1999 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved a three-for-one split of Novellus' common stock. Each shareholder of record as of the close of business on December 30, 1999 received two additional shares of common stock for every share held. All prior period common stock and applicable share and per share amounts have been restated to reflect the three-for-one split, effective January 15, 2000. On September 22, 1997 the Company announced that its Board of Directors had approved a two-for-one split of Novellus' common stock. Each shareholder of record as of the close of business on September 29, 1997 received one additional share of common stock for every share held. All prior period common stock and applicable share and per share amounts have been restated to reflect the two-for-one split, effective October, 1997. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Earnings (loss) per share is calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 128. Basic earnings per share exclude any dilutive effects of options. Diluted earnings per share includes any dilutive effects of options. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):
1999 1998 1997 -------- -------- -------- Numerator: Net income (loss) $ 76,574 $ 52,828 $(95,658) Denominator: Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share - weighted-average shares outstanding 114,817 102,106 99,770 Employee stock options 5,280 2,855 -- -------- ------- -------- Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share - adjusted weighted- average shares outstanding 120,097 104,961 99,770 ========= ======== ======== Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.67 $ 0.52 $ (0.96) ========= ======== ======== Diluted earnings (loss) per share $ 0.64 $ 0.50 $ (0.96) ========= ======== ========
34 20 Options to purchase 261,000 and 2,472,000 shares of common stock at weighted-average prices of $25.52 and $14.74 per share were outstanding during 1999 and 1998, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted net income per common share because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market price of the common shares and, therefore, the effect would be antidilutive. Options were outstanding during 1997, but were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share because the effect in years with a net loss would be antidilutive. Advertising Expenses The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses for 1999, 1998, and 1997 were $4,883,000, $6,065,000 and $3,233,000, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company uses financial instruments that potentially subject it to concentrations of credit risk. Such instruments include cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, and financial instruments used in hedging activities. The Company invests its cash in cash deposits, money market funds, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, readily marketable debt securities, or medium term notes. The Company places its investments with high-credit-quality financial institutions and limits the credit exposure from any one financial institution or instrument. To date, the Company has not experienced material losses on these investments. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally requires no collateral. As a result of the economic difficulties within certain Asian countries, the Company has increased sales subject to extended payment terms within this region. The Company has an exposure to nonperformance by counterparties on the foreign exchange contracts used in hedging activities. These counterparties are large international financial institutions and to date, no such counterparty has failed to meet its financial obligations to the Company. The Company does not believe there is a significant risk of nonperformance by these counterparties because the Company continuously monitors its positions and the credit ratings of such counterparties and the amount of contracts it enters into with any one party. However, there can be no assurance that there will be no significant nonperformance by these counterparties and that this would not materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition, and results of operations. Comprehensive Income (Loss) The component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of related tax is as follows (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------ 1999 1998 1997 ------------ ----------- ----------- Foreign currency translation adjustment $1,441 $(2,256) $(2,227) ------ ------- -------
Employee Stock Plans Effective January 1, 1996, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements under the intrinsic value method prescribed by the Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees," and will provide pro forma disclosures of net income (loss) and earning (loss) per share as if the fair value method prescribed by SFAS No. 123 had been applied in measuring employee compensation expense. See Note 9, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 1998, the FASB released SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." SFAS No. 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities. SFAS No. 133 requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position and measure those instruments at fair value. The Statement is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company is still in the process of assessing the impact of SFAS No. 133 on its financial statements. In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements." SAB 101 provides guidance on the recognition, presentation, and disclosure of revenue in financial statements of all public registrants. Changes in the Company's revenue recognition policy resulting from the interpretation of SAB 101 would be reported as a change in accounting principle in the quarter ending July 1, 2000. The change in the revenue recognition policy would result in a cumulative adjustment in the second quarter of 2000 to reflect the deferral of revenue for shipments previously reported as revenue, that do not meet SAB 101 revenue recognition 35 21 guidance as of April 1, 2000. At the current time, it is not possible to determine the effect this change will have on the Company's financial statements. However, management believes that SAB 101, to the extent applicable to the Company, will not affect the underlying strength or weakness of the Company's business operations as measured by the dollar value of its product shipments and cash flows. NOTE 2 ACQUISITION OF THE THIN FILM SYSTEMS BUSINESS OF VARIAN ASSOCIATES In June 1997, the Company completed the acquisition of the Thin Film Systems business ("TFS") of Varian Associates, Inc. ("Varian"). TFS manufactures and markets equipment for physical vapor deposition ("PVD"), a critical technology in the production of advanced semiconductor logic and memory devices. The acquisition has been accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, and accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of TFS subsequent to the acquisition date. The total purchase price of $148.3 million consisted of a cash payment of $145.5 million to Varian and $2.8 million of related acquisition expenses. Acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition. The total purchase price has been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on independent valuations. Amounts allocated to in-process research and development of approximately $119.2 million were written-off at the acquisition date, representing an estimated value (using risk-adjusted cash flows, discounted at 35%) of development programs that have not yet reached technological feasibility. Amounts allocated to developed technology, $11.7 million, and workforce in place, $1.0 million, are being amortized on a straight line basis over periods of seven and three years, respectively. As a result of the acquisition of TFS, the Company recorded restructuring and other costs of $14.2 million comprised primarily of write-offs of duplicative assets and the cost of exiting certain facilities. All of these actions were completed in the year ended December 31, 1998. As of December 31, 1999, the Company had made $2.6 million of cash payments relating primarily to lease payments. The components of the restructuring and other costs are summarized as follows (in thousands):
Total Restructuring Balance at and Other Spending/ December 31, Costs Charges 1999 ------------ ----------- ----------- Duplicative machinery and equipment $ 9,039 $ 9,039 -- Lease commitments and leasehold improvements $ 3,143 $ 3,143 -- Other exiting costs $ 2,061 $ 2,061 -- ------------ ----------- ----------- $14,243 $14,243 -- ============ =========== ===========
The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of operations of the Company as if the acquisition of TFS had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 1997 and does not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been made as of the beginning of fiscal 1997 or of results which may occur in the future (in thousands, except per share data).
Year ended Dec. 31, 1997 ------------ Net sales $584,453 Income before provision for income taxes(1) $ 3,345 Net income(1) $ 2,208 Basic earnings per share(1) $ 0.07 Diluted earnings per share(1) $ 0.06
(1) Amounts exclude the $119.2 million relating to the in-process research and development charge and the $14.2 million restructuring costs recorded in the second quarter of 1997, as a result of the acquisition. The effects of the TFS acquisition on the 1997 consolidated statement of cash flows were as follows (in thousands): Working capital acquired $ (2,117) Property, plant and equipment 18,498 Intangible assets 12,698 In-process research and development 119,246 ----------- Total purchase price $148,325 ===========
NOTE 3 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk As part of the Company's asset and liability management, the Company enters into various types of transactions that involve financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. The Company enters into foreign forward exchange contracts in order to manage foreign exchange risk. 36 22 The notional amounts, carrying amounts, and estimated fair values of the Company's foreign forward exchange contracts are as follows at December 31 (in thousands):
1999 1998 --------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- NOTIONAL CARRYING ESTIMATED NOTIONAL CARRYING ESTIMATED AMOUNT AMOUNT FAIR VALUE AMOUNT AMOUNT FAIR VALUE --------- -------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- Sell foreign currency, $32,790 -- $(1,432) $21,410 -- $(961) primarily yen
The fair value of the Company's foreign forward exchange contracts are calculated based upon the related foreign exchange rate at the end of December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. Available-for-Sale Securities The Company currently invests in only high quality, short-term investments which it classifies as available-for-sale. As such, there were no significant differences between amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 1999 and 1998. Additionally, because investments are short-term and are generally allowed to mature, realized gains and losses for both years have been minimal. All investments held at December 31, 1999 are due in less than one year. The following table presents the estimated fair value of the Company's investments by balance sheet classification at December 31 (in thousands):
1999 1998 ----------- ----------- Institutional money market funds $ 64,988 $ 36,373 Commercial paper 116,580 44,851 ----------- ----------- Amounts included in cash and cash equivalents 181,568 81,224 ----------- ----------- Commercial paper 132,290 11,129 Certificates of deposits 17,992 2,499 Auction rate preferred stock -- 3,200 Corporate securities 38,415 29,763 U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government Agencies 14,992 3,003 ----------- ----------- Amounts included in short-term investments 203,689 49,594 ----------- ----------- Total available-for-sale securities $385,257 $130,818 =========== ===========
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments The carrying and estimated fair values of the Company's other financial instruments were as follows at December 31 (in thousands):
1999 1998 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- Carrying Estimated Carrying Estimated Value Fair Value Value Fair Value -------------- ------------ ---------------- ------------ Cash and cash equivalents $181,568 $181,568 $81,224 $81,224 Current obligations under $ 13,521 $ 13,521 $12,986 $12,986 lines of credit Long-term debt -- -- $65,000 $65,000
The fair values of the Company's short-term investments are based on quoted market prices as of December 31, 1999 and 1998. The fair value of the Company's obligations under lines of credit and long-term debt are based on current rates offered to the Company for similar debt instruments of the same remaining maturities. NOTE 4 LINES OF CREDIT The Company has lines of credit with two banks, which expire at various dates through October 2000 under which the Company can borrow up to $13.5 million at the banks' prime rates (0.85% and 1.88% at December 31, 1999). This facility is available to the Company's Japanese subsidiary, Nippon Novellus Systems K.K. Borrowings by the subsidiary are at the banks' offshore reference rate. At December 31, 1999 and 1998, amounts outstanding were $13.5 million and $13.0 million respectively, at annual weighted average interest rates of 1.14% and 1.52%, respectively. All borrowings under the line of credit were by Nippon Novellus. 37 23 NOTE 5 LONG TERM DEBT In June 1997, the Company entered into a five year, $125 million, Senior Credit Facility structured as an unsecured revolving credit line. The credit line expires in June 2002. Borrowings, at the option of the Company, bear interest at either a base rate plus a margin or the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin for interest periods of one to six months. As of December 31, 1999, total borrowings of $65 million under the revolving line of credit, which were outstanding at December 31, 1998, were repaid. The credit facility contains certain financial restrictive covenants. At December 31, 1999, the Company was in compliance with those covenants. NOTE 6 LITIGATION Applied Litigation On May 4, 1997, the Company entered into a comprehensive global settlement of all of its ongoing legal disputes, to that date, with Applied Materials, Inc. ("Applied"). The Company recorded an expense of $84.0 million relating to the settlement, consisting of a cash payment of $80.0 million to Applied and $4.0 million related to legal costs associated with the settlement. On July 7, 1997, prior to the consummation of the purchase of TFS from Varian, Applied filed a complaint (the "Applied Complaint") against Varian in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California San Jose Division, Civil Action No. C-97-20523 RMW, alleging, among other things, infringement by Varian (including the making, using, selling and/or offering for sale of certain products and systems made by TFS) of United States Patent Nos. 5,171,412, 5,186,718, 5,496,455 and 5,540,821 (the "Applied Patents"), which patents are owned by Applied. Immediately after consummation of the TFS purchase, the Company filed a complaint (the "Company Complaint") against Applied in the same Court, Civil Action No. C-97-20551 RMW, alleging infringement by Applied (including the making, using, selling and/or offering for sale of certain products and systems) of United States Patent Nos. 5,314,597, 5,330,628, and 5,635,036 (the "Company Patents"), which patents the Company acquired from Varian in the TFS purchase. In the Company Complaint, the Company also alleged that it is entitled to declarations from Applied that the Company does not infringe the Applied Patents and/or that the Applied Patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. Applied has filed counterclaims alleging that the Company infringes the Applied Patents. Also after consummation of the TFS purchase, but some time after the Company filed the Company Complaint, Applied amended the Applied Complaint to add the Company as a defendant. The Company has requested that the Court dismiss the Company as a defendant in Applied's lawsuit against Varian. The Court has not yet required the Company to file an answer to the Applied Complaint. In addition to a request for a permanent injunction against further infringement, the Applied Complaint and Applied's counterclaims to the Company Complaint include requests for damages for alleged prior infringement and treble damages for alleged "willful" infringement. In connection with the consummation of the TFS purchase, Varian agreed, under certain circumstances, to reimburse the Company for certain of its legal and other expenses in connection with the defense and prosecution of this litigation, and to indemnify the Company for a portion of any losses incurred by the Company arising from this litigation (including losses resulting from a permanent injunction). The Company and Varian believe that there are meritorious defenses to Applied's allegations, including among other things, that the Company's operations (including TFS products and systems) do not infringe the Applied Patents and/or that the Applied Patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. However, the resolution of intellectual property disputes is often fact intensive and, therefore, inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the ultimate outcome of the dispute with Applied will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business or results of operations (taking into account both the defenses available to the Company and Varian's reimbursement and indemnity obligations), there can be no assurances that Applied will not ultimately prevail in this dispute and that, in such an event, Varian's reimbursement and indemnity obligations will not be sufficient to fully reimburse the Company for its losses. If Applied were to prevail in this dispute, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. 38 24 The Company Complaint against Applied also includes requests for damages for prior infringement and treble damages for "willful" infringement, in addition to a request for a permanent injunction for further infringement. Although the Company believes that it will prevail against Applied, there can be no assurances that the Company will prevail in its litigation against Applied. If Applied were to prevail against the Company Complaint, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. On July 13, 1999, in the Company lawsuit against Applied where the Company has alleged that Applied infringes Company patents, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Company patents. On September 20, 1999, in the Applied lawsuit against Varian and the Company, where Applied has alleged that Varian and the Company infringe Applied patents, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Applied patents. On January 14, 2000, Applied withdrew its U.S. Patent No. 5,496,455 from the lawsuits against the Company and Varian. Semitool Litigation On August 10, 1998, Semitool sued the Company for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Semitool alleges that the Company's SABRE(TM) copper deposition system infringes two Semitool patents, U.S. Patent No. 5,222,310, issued June 29, 1993, entitled "Single Wafer Processor with a Frame," and U.S. Patent No. 5,377,708, issued January 3, 1995, entitled "Multi-Station Semiconductor Processor with Volatilization." Semitool seeks an injunction against the Company's manufacture and sale of SABRE(TM) systems, and seeks damages for past infringement. Semitool also seeks trebled damages for alleged willful infringement. Semitool also seeks its attorneys' fees and costs, and interest on any judgement. On September 24, 1999, the Court ruled on the interpretation of the claims of the Semitool patents. On December 18, 1999, Novellus filed a motion for summary judgement of non-infringement. On February 18, 2000, the Court heard oral arguments on Novellus' motion. The parties await a decision on Novellus' motion. On March 17, 2000, the Court granted the Company's motion for summary judgement of non-infringement. The Court ruled that the Company's SABRE and SABRE xT systems do not infringe on the two patents asserted by Semitool. Therefore, the Company believes that the dispute with Semitool will not have a material adverse affect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Plasma Physics Litigation On December 28, 1999, Plasma Physics Corporation and Solar Physics Corporation filed a patent infringement lawsuit against many of the Company's Japanese and Korean customers. The suit is entitled Plasma Physics Corp v. Fujitsu, Ltd., 99 Civ. 8593, and is pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York. Plasma Physics has asserted U.S. Patent Nos. 4,226,897, 5,470,784, and 5,543,634. Many of the defendants have notified the Company that they believe that the Company has indemnification obligations and liability for the lawsuit. Plasma Physics has not yet identified what, if any, of the Company's equipment used by the customers is accused of infringement. Plasma Physics seeks an injunction against the defendants' alleged infringement of the '784 and '634 patents (the '897 patent has expired). Plasma Physics also seeks trebled damages for alleged willful infringement. Plasma Physics also seeks its attorneys' fees and costs, and interest on any judgement. The Company believes that there are meritorious defenses to Plasma Physics' allegations, including among other things, that the defendants' use of the Company's equipment does not infringe the Plasma Physics patents and/or that the Plasma Physics patents are invalid and/or unenforceable. But the resolution of intellectual property disputes is often fact intensive and, like most other litigation matters, inherently uncertain. Although the Company believes that the ultimate outcome of the dispute with Plasma Physics will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, or results of operations (taking into account the defenses available to the Company), there can be no assurances that Plasma Physics will not ultimately prevail in this dispute and that the Company will not have any indemnity obligations or liability. If Plasma Physics were to prevail in the dispute, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition or results of operations. Other Matters In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company from time to time receives inquiries with regard to possible other patent infringements. The Company believes it is unlikely that the outcome of the patent infringement inquiries will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations. There has been substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in semiconductor-related industries. Although the Company is not aware of any infringement by its products of any 39 25 patents or proprietary rights of others except as claimed by Applied and Semitool, further commercialization of the Company's products could provoke claims of infringement from third parties. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce patents issued to the Company, to protect trade secrets or know-how owned by the Company or to defend the Company against claimed infringement of the rights of others and to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. Any such litigation could result in substantial cost and diversion of effort by the Company, which by itself could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. Further, adverse determinations in such litigation could result in the Company's loss of proprietary rights, subject the Company to significant liabilities to third parties, require the Company to seek licenses from third parties or prevent the Company from manufacturing or selling its products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. NOTE 7 BAD DEBT WRITE-OFF In June 1997, the Company determined that due to the financial difficulties facing one of its customers an outstanding accounts receivable balance was at risk for collection. Accordingly, the Company recorded a write-off of $17.7 million, representing the outstanding accounts receivable balance and other related expenses for the repossession of its equipment. See Note 12, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. NOTE 8 COMMITMENTS The Company leases its facilities under operating leases that expire through 2006. As of December 31, 1999, the minimum annual rental commitments are as follows (in thousands):
2000 $ 21,170 2001 19,905 2002 243,816 2003 17,077 2004 1,642 Beyond 11,902 --------- 315,512 Less future sublease Income (111,356) --------- $ 204,156 =========
Rent expense was approximately $18.2 million, $12.8 million, and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively, net of sublease income of $3.0 million, $2.1 million and $1.5 million for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. The Company has lease agreements on twelve properties. The agreements are for five years each with the option to extend for an additional two years at an interest rate that approximates LIBOR. The lease terms expire at various dates beginning on June 2002 through August 2003. At current interest rates, the annual lease payments total approximately $16.9 million. During the terms of the leases, the Company may elect to purchase the properties for an amount that approximates the lessor's cost of the property and any current rent due and payable. The guaranteed residual amount under the lease agreements is approximately $229.9 million as of December 31, 1999. These leases contain certain restrictive financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 1999. NOTE 9 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS Employee Stock Option Plans The Company grants options to employees under the 1984 and 1992 Stock Option Plans ("the Plans"). Under the Plans, options to purchase up to 16.2 million shares of the Company's common stock may be granted at not less than fair market value. Options generally vest ratably over a four year period on the anniversary date of the grant or as determined by the Board of Directors. Stock options expire ten years after date of grant. At December 31, 1999, approximately 1,632,000 shares were reserved for future issuance under the Employee Stock Option Plans and options to purchase 5.5 million shares were exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $10.76. The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation." Accordingly, no expense has been recognized for options granted to employees under the Plans. Had compensation expense for the Company's plans been determined based on the fair value at the grant date for awards made subsequent to December 15, 1995, consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123, the Company's net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share would have been 40 26 reduced to the pro forma amounts indicated below (in thousands, except per share data):
1999 1998 1997 ------------- ---------------- ------------- Net income (loss) as reported $76,574 $52,828 $ (95,659) Pro forma net income (loss) $57,359 $38,196 $(107,940) Basic earnings (loss) per share $ 0.67 $ 0.52 $ (0.96) as reported Diluted earnings (loss) per $ 0.64 $ 0.50 $ (0.96) share as reported Pro forma basic earnings (loss) $ 0.50 $ 0.37 $ (1.08) per share Pro forma diluted earnings $ 0.48 $ 0.36 $ (1.08) (loss) per share
In calculating pro forma compensation, the fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions for grants made in 1999, 1998 and 1997:
1999 1998 1997 -------------- --------------- ------------- Dividend yield None None None Expected volatility 0.72 0.63 0.61 Risk free interest rate 5.6% 5.1% 5.9% Expected lives 3.4 years 3.2 years 3.0 years
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year were $12.67, $6.44 and $5.64 for 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. The pro forma net income (loss) and earnings (loss) per share listed above include expense related to the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plans. SFAS 123 is applicable only to options granted subsequent to December 31, 1995, therefore, the pro forma effect is not fully reflected until 1999. The fair value of issuances under the employee stock purchase plans is estimated on the issuance date using the Black-Scholes model with the following weighted average assumptions for issuances made in 1999, 1998 and 1997:
1999 1998 1997 -------------- --------------- ------------- Dividend yield None None None Expected volatility 0.81 0.74 0.51 Risk free interest rate 4.9% 5.5% 5.5% Expected lives 1/2 year 1/2 year 1/2 year
The weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted during the year were $7.43, $4.17 and $2.35 for 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Information with respect to stock option activity is as follows: (in thousands, except per share data)
Weighted Average Exercise Authorized Outstanding Price per Share Price ------------ ------------- -------------------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1996 825 14,181 $ 1.40 -- $13.88 $ 7.69 Additional authorization 3,960 -- -- Options granted (4,434) 4,434 $ 8.88 -- $19.63 $12.77 Options exercised -- (3,210) $ 1.40 -- $13.88 $ 4.66 Options canceled 1,518 (1,518) $ 1.40 -- $19.63 $10.10 ------------ ------------- -------------------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1997 1,869 13,887 $ 2.33 -- $19.63 $ 9.75 Additional authorization 3,300 -- -- Options granted (3,777) 3,777 $ 7.90 -- $16.42 $14.07 Options exercised -- (1,854) $ 7.63 -- $19.67 $ 6.84 Options canceled 1,215 (1,215) $ 5.33 -- $19.63 $11.12 ------------ ------------- -------------------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1998 2,607 14,595 $ 2.88 -- $19.63 $11.12 Additional authorization 4,200 -- -- Options granted (5,909) 5,909 $15.77 -- $29.69 $24.21 Options exercised -- (3,573) $ 2.88 -- $19.63 $ 9.44 Options canceled 734 (734) $ 6.06 -- $29.69 $13.16 ------------ ------------- -------------------------- ------------- Balance at December 31, 1999 1,632 16,197 $ 3.96 -- $29.69 $16.17 ============ ============= ========================== =============
41 27 The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 1999 (share information in thousands):
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Options Weighted Options Outstanding at Average Remaining Weighted Exercisable at Weighted Range of December 31, Contractual Life Average December 31, Average Exercise Prices 1999 (years) Exercise Price 1999 Exercise Price - -------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- $ 3.96 - $ 9.29 3,159 6.32 $ 8.16 2,148 $8.24 $ 9.42 - $11.08 3,029 7.25 $10.47 1,799 $10.36 $11.13 - $16.25 2,022 7.15 $13.30 900 $13.08 $16.42 - $19.15 3,101 9.00 $17.29 597 $16.81 $19.56 - $29.69 4,886 9.88 $25.35 51 $19.60 - -------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- $ 3.96 - $29.69 16,197 8.18 $16.17 5,495 $10.76 ==================================================================== ===============================
Employee Stock Purchase Plans In December 1988 and May 1992, the Company adopted qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plans under Sections 421 and 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and reserved 1,200,000 and 900,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the plans, respectively. In April 1998, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan, which was subsequently ratified by shareholders increasing the number of shares available for issuance thereunder from 2,100,000 shares to 2,850,000 shares. In April 1999, the Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan, which was subsequently ratified by shareholders increasing the number of shares available for issuance thereunder from 2,850,000 shares to 3,900,000 shares. Under the two plans, qualified employees are entitled to purchase shares at 85% of the fair market value on specified dates. There were approximately 433,000, 504,000, and 435,000 shares issued under the two plans in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. At December 31, 1999, approximately 1,171,000 shares were reserved for future issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Common Stock Repurchase Program In October 1992 and January 1996, the Company announced it would repurchase 4,200,000 and 6,000,000 shares, respectively, of common stock for issuance in future Company employee benefit and compensation plans and other requirements. During 1997, the Company repurchased 18,000 shares under the program, and had purchased a total of 4,704,000 shares as of December 31, 1997. During 1998, the Company repurchased 27,000 shares under the program, and had purchased a total of 4,731,000 shares as of December 31, 1998. During 1999, the Company repurchased 18,000 shares under the program, and had purchased a total of 4,749,000 shares as of December 31, 1999. Employee Savings and Retirement Plan The Company maintains a 401(k) retirement savings plan for its full-time employees. Participants in the plan may contribute up to 20% of their annual salary, limited by the maximum dollar amount allowed by the Internal Revenue Code. In January 2000, the Company announced that it would contribute a percentage of each participating employee's salary deferral contributions up to a maximum of $2,000 or 50% of the first 6% of an employee's annual compensation. Company matching contributions are invested in Novellus' common stock and become fully vested at the end of the employee's third year of service beginning on January 1, 2000. The Company did not record any matching contributions under this plan through 1999. Profit Sharing and Bonus Programs The Company has profit sharing and bonus programs that distribute cash based on the performance of the Company and its employees, including the executive officers. Charges to operations under these programs were $10.3 million, $5.5 million, and $8.0 million in 1999, 1998, and 1997, respectively. 42 28 NOTE 10 INCOME TAXES Significant components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes attributable to operations are as follows (in thousands):
1999 1998 1997 ------------------------------------- State Current $ 1,365 $ 1,794 $ -- Deferred 421 452 (5,248) ------------------------------------- 1,786 2,246 (5,248) Federal Current 4,560 4,715 3,376 Deferred 1,400 13,175 (31,978) ------------------------------------- 5,960 17,890 (28,602) Foreign Current 9,426 2,355 751 Income tax benefits attributable to employee stock plan activity allocated to shareholders' equity 20,544 4,728 7,624 ------------------------------------- Total provision (benefit) for income taxes $37,716 $27,219 $(25,475) =====================================
Pre-tax income from foreign operations was $19.9 million, $3.3 million, and $1.6 million in 1999, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows at December 31 (in thousands):
1999 1998 ------------------------ Deferred tax assets: Financial valuation accounts $ 4,475 $ 4,525 Expenses not currently deductible 13,566 18,741 Other 18,341 8,369 Capitalized in-process R&D 32,014 34,575 ------------------------ Subtotal 68,396 66,210 Valuation allowance (13,823) (16,924) ----------- ------------ Total deferred tax assets 54,573 49,286 ------------------------ Deferred tax liabilities: Fixed assets (18,282) (11,175) ------------------------ Total net deferred tax assets $ 36,291 $ 38,111 ========================
The provision (benefit) for income taxes differs from the provision (benefit) calculated by applying the federal statutory tax rate to income (loss) before taxes because of the following (in thousands):
1999 1998 1997 ------------------------------------ Expected provision (benefit) at 35% $40,005 $28,016 $(42,397) State taxes, net of federal benefit 2,285 1,460 (2,924) Research and development credits (2,231) (1,530) (665) Foreign sales corporation benefit (1,338) (430) (365) Unbenefitted in-process R&D -- -- 19,477 Valuation allowance increase/(decrease) (3,100) (3,100) -- Other 2,095 2,803 1,399 ------------------------------------ $37,716 $27,219 $(25,475) ======================== ===========
43 29 NOTE 11 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION REPORTING AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS The Company operates in one segment as it manufactures, markets and services advanced automated wafer fabrication systems for the deposition of thin films within the semiconductor equipment market. The Company is a supplier of high productivity deposition systems used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. All products and services are marketed within the geographic regions in which the Company operates. The Company's current product offerings qualify for aggregation under SFAS 131, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," as its products are manufactured and distributed in the same manner, have similar long-term gross margins and are sold to the same customer base. The following is a summary of operations in geographic areas (in thousands):
NORTH AMERICA EUROPE PACIFIC RIM ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------------------------------------------------------------- 1999 Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 507,696 $ 681 $ 84,364 $ -- $ 592,741 Transfers between geographic locations 29,877 6,813 14,704 (51,394) -- ------------------------------------------------------------- Total net sales 537,573 7,494 99,068 (51,394) 592,741 Operating income $ 90,569 $ 881 $ 19,178 $ -- $ 110,628 ============================================================= Long-lived assets $ 112,981 $ 155 $ 7,570 $ -- $ 120,706 All other identifiable assets 727,479 1,451 60,293 -- 789,223 ------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets $ 840,460 $ 1,606 $ 67,863 $ -- $ 909,929 ============================================================= 1998 Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 468,204 $ 2,063 $ 48,511 $ -- $ 518,778 Transfers between geographic locations 12,301 5,962 11,137 (29,400) -- ------------------------------------------------------------- Total net sales 480,505 8,025 59,648 (29,400) 518,778 Operating income (loss) $ 78,598 $ (971) $ 6,770 $ -- $ 84,397 ============================================================= Long-lived assets $ 107,629 $ 232 $ 8,503 $ -- $ 116,364 All other identifiable assets 383,210 2,162 50,203 -- 435,575 ------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets $ 490,839 $ 2,394 $ 58,706 $ -- $ 551,939 ============================================================= 1997 Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 480,388 $ 5,908 $ 47,708 $ -- $ 534,004 Transfers between geographic locations 33,347 2,908 11,094 (47,349) -- ------------------------------------------------------------- Total net sales 513,735 8,816 58,802 (47,349) 534,004 Operating income (loss) $(126,044) $ 885 $ 1,083 $ -- $(124,076) ============================================================= Long-lived assets $ 96,471 $ 184 $ 9,360 $ -- $ 106,015 All other identifiable assets 333,099 5,798 48,388 -- 387,285 ------------------------------------------------------------- Total assets $ 429,570 $ 5,982 $ 57,748 $ -- $ 493,300 =============================================================
Revenue in each geographic area is recognized upon shipment from the locations within a designated geographic region. Transfers and commission arrangements between geographic areas are at prices sufficient to recover a reasonable profit. One customer accounted for 17% of net sales in 1999. No individual customers exceeded 10% of net sales in 1998 or 1997. Export sales were 67% of net sales in 1999, 51% of net sales in 1998, and 47% of net sales in 1997. 44 30 NOTE 12 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS At December 31, 1999 and 1998, the Company had outstanding notes receivable from one of its officers, totaling $1.5 million. The notes incur interest at 6.0% per year, compounded semi-annually, and are repayable in July 2000. The $1.5 million represents the highest amount owing from the officer during the year. During 1997, the President of Submicron Technology, Inc. (Submicron), which was one of the Company's customers, was also a member of the Company's Board of Directors. For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company sold $5.4 million of CVD systems to Submicron. Management believes these transactions were under terms no less favorable to the Company than those arranged with other parties. There were no transactions with Submicron in 1999 and 1998. During the second quarter of 1997, the Company recorded a bad debt write-off of $17.7 million, representing the outstanding accounts receivable balance from Submicron and other related expenses. See Note 7, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 45 31 REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS The Shareholders and Board of Directors Novellus Systems, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Novellus Systems, Inc. as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Novellus Systems, Inc. at December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP San Jose, California January 17, 2000 46
EX-21.1 7 SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT 1 EXHIBIT 21.1 SUBSIDIARIES OF REGISTRANT Novellus Systems, Ltd. Unit 1EB, Bishops Weald House, Albion Way, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 1AH, England T 44.1403.265550 F 44.1403.266554 Novellus Systems, BV Dillenburgstraat 5 B 5652 AM Eindhoven The Netherlands T 31.40.291.8010 F 31.40.257.3590 Novellus Systems GmbH Manfred-von-Ardenni-Ring 20, 01099 Dresden, Germany T 49.351.89252.10 F 49.351.89252.20 Novellus Systems Ireland Ltd IR4-1-10, Collinstown Industrial Park, Leixlip Co. Kildare., Ireland T 353.1.606.5247 F 353.1.606.5180 Novellus Systems Israel Ltd Asia House, 4 Weizmann Street 64239 Tel-Aviv Israel Novellus Systems SARL Parc de la Julienne, Bat. D, 1 er etage, 91830 Le Coudray - Montceaux France T 33.1.64.93.7070 F 33.1.64.93.8787 Novellus Systems Spain Avenida Diagonal, 482 Barcelona 08006 Spain Nippon Novellus Systems, KK K5P Bldg., R&D C-10F, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-Ku, Kawasaki-shi Kanagawa-ken 213, Japan T 81.44.850.1777 F 81.44.850.1778 Novellus Systems Korea 2F DaeWoo Engineering Bldg., 9-3 SuNae-Dong, BunDang-Ku, SungNam City, KyungKi-Do 463-020 Korea T 82.342.738.1114 F 82.342.714.9921 Novellus Systems Taiwan 5F-1, No. 295, Sec. 2 Kwang Fu Road Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan 30801 R.O.C. T 886.35.730550 F 886.35.730553 Novellus Systems Semiconductor Equipment Shanghai Co., Ltd 603-611 No. 300 Tian-Lin Bldg., Tain-Lin Road Shanghai 200233, China T 86.21.6485.3889 F 86.21.6485.1282 Novellus Singapore Pte Ltd. 101 Thomson Road #21-01/02 United Square Singapore 307591 T 65.353.9288 F 65.353.6833 Novellus Systems Beijing B1010 Floor 10 Building B Wan Tone New World Plaza 2 Fuchengmenwaidajie, Beijing, China 100037 T 86.10.68578698 F 86.10.68578697 EX-23.1 8 CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS 1 EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Novellus Systems, Inc. of our report dated January 17, 2000, included in the 1999 Annual Report to Shareholders of Novellus Systems. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule of Novellus Systems, Inc. listed in Item 14(a). This schedule is the responsibility of management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. We also consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-48037) and the related Prospectus and Registrations Statements (Form S-8 Nos. 333-11825, 33-88156, 33-51056, 33-36787, 33-25897, 33-62807, 333-35487, 333-65567, and 333-80453) pertaining to the Amended and Restated 1992 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, the Amended and Restated 1984 Stock Option Plan, the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and the Amended and Restated 1992 Stock Option Plan, and in the related prospectuses of our report dated January 17, 2000, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Novellus Systems, Inc. incorporated by reference in the Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 1999. /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP San Jose, California March 24, 2000 EX-27.1 9 FINANCIAL DATA SCHEDULE
5 12-MOS DEC-31-1999 JAN-01-1999 DEC-31-1999 181,568 203,689 217,399 3,721 103,883 732,666 202,202 95,423 909,929 140,230 0 0 0 490,587 279,112 909,929 592,741 518,778 271,710 271,710 220,694 0 1,703 114,290 37,716 76,574 0 0 0 76,574 0.67 0.64
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