Note 4 - Loans and ACL for Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Notes to Financial Statements

Loans, Notes, Trade and Other Receivables Disclosure [Text Block]

(4) Loans and ACL for Loans

Composition of loans by class follows:

December 31, (in thousands)	2024		2023
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,835,935	$	1,561,689
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,002,853		907,424
Total commercial real estate		2,838,788		2,469,113
Commercial and industrial - term		884,399		867,380
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		554,255		439,748
Total commercial and industrial		1,438,654		1,307,128
Residential real estate - owner occupied		805,080		708,893
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		382,744		358,715
Total residential real estate		1,187,824		1,067,608
Construction and land development		623,005		531,324
Home equity lines of credit		247,433		211,390
Consumer		144,644		145,340
Leases		15,514		15,503
Credit cards		24,540		23,632
Total loans (1)	$	6,520,402	$	5,771,038

(1) Total loans are presented inclusive of premiums, discounts and net loan origination fees and costs. 

Fees and costs of originating loans are deferred at origination and amortized over the life of the loan. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, net deferred loan origination fees exceeded deferred loan origination costs, resulting in a net reduction of loan balances totaling $3 million and $2 million, respectively.

Bancorp’s credit exposure is diversified with secured and unsecured loans to individuals and businesses. No specific industry concentration exceeds 10% of loans outstanding. While Bancorp has a diversified loan portfolio, a customer’s ability to honor contracts is somewhat dependent upon the economic stability and/or industry in which that customer does business. Loans outstanding and related unfunded commitments are primarily concentrated within Bancorp’s current market areas, which encompass Louisville, central, eastern and northern Kentucky, as well as the Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan markets.

Bancorp occasionally enters into loan participation agreements with other banks in the ordinary course of business to diversify credit risk. For certain sold participation loans, Bancorp has retained effective control of the loans, typically by restricting the participating institutions from pledging or selling their share of the loan without permission from Bancorp. GAAP requires the participated portion of these loans to be recorded as secured borrowings. The participated portions of these loans are included in the C&I totals above with a corresponding liability reflected in other liabilities. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the total participated portions of loans of this nature totaled $2 million and $4 million, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans, which is excluded from the amortized cost of loans, totaled $23 million and $21 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was included in the consolidated balance sheets.

Loans with carrying amounts of $3.48 billion and $3.15 billion were pledged to secure FHLB borrowing capacity at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In the ordinary course of business, Bancorp has granted loans to certain related interests, including directors, executive officers and their affiliates (collectively referred to as “related parties”). Such loans are made on substantially the same terms as those for comparable transactions and at interest rates prevailing at the time of the transactions, and do not present other unfavorable features.

Loans to directors and their related interests, including loans to companies for which directors are principal owners and executive officers are presented in the following table:

Years ended December 31, (in thousands)	2024			2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	62,412		$	78,685
Effect of change in composition of related interests		22,111			(97	)
New term loans		16,255			-
Repayment of term loans		(10,612	)		(1,216	)
Changes in balances of revolving lines of credit		6,937			(14,960	)
Balance at end of period	$	97,103		$	62,412

ACL for Loans

The table below reflects activity in the ACL related to loans:

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2024	Beginning Balance		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	22,133	$	(8,217	)	$	-		$	19	$	13,935
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		11,667		(1,568	)		-			93		10,192
Total commercial real estate		33,800		(9,785	)		-			112		24,127
Commercial and industrial - term		14,359		7,264			(748	)		409		21,284
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		6,495		90			(555	)		466		6,496
Total commercial and industrial		20,854		7,354			(1,303	)		875		27,780
Residential real estate - owner occupied		9,316		5,481			(356	)		27		14,468
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		4,282		865			-			7		5,154
Total residential real estate		13,598		6,346			(356	)		34		19,622
Construction and land development		7,593		3,388			-			-		10,981
Home equity lines of credit		1,660		(283	)		(107	)		7		1,277
Consumer		1,407		1,424			(785	)		485		2,531
Leases		220		150			-			-		370
Credit cards		242		206			(225	)		32		255
Total	$	79,374	$	8,800		$	(2,776	)	$	1,545	$	86,943

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2023	Beginning Balance		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	22,641	$	(599	)	$	-		$	91	$	22,133
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		10,827		831			-			9		11,667
Total commercial real estate		33,468		232			-			100		33,800
Commercial and industrial - term		12,991		3,607			(2,298	)		59		14,359
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		6,389		3,582			(3,633	)		157		6,495
Total commercial and industrial		19,380		7,189			(5,931	)		216		20,854
Residential real estate - owner occupied		6,717		2,597			(43	)		45		9,316
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		3,597		683			-			2		4,282
Total residential real estate		10,314		3,280			(43	)		47		13,598
Construction and land development		7,186		407			-			-		7,593
Home equity lines of credit		1,613		59			(12	)		-		1,660
Consumer		1,158		628			(865	)		486		1,407
Leases		201		19			-			-		220
Credit cards		211		657			(661	)		35		242
Total	$	73,531	$	12,471		$	(7,512	)	$	884	$	79,374

(in thousands) Year ended December 31, 2022	Beginning Balance		Initial ACL for Acquired PCD Loans		Provision for Credit Losses on Loans			Charge-offs			Recoveries		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	15,960	$	3,508	$	3,173		$	(37	)	$	37	$	22,641
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		9,595		2,121		(1,061	)		(41	)		213		10,827
Total commercial real estate		25,555		5,629		2,112			(78	)		250		33,468
Commercial and industrial - term		8,577		1,358		2,497			(724	)		1,283		12,991
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		4,802		1,874		(87	)		(200	)		-		6,389
Total commercial and industrial		13,379		3,232		2,410			(924	)		1,283		19,380
Residential real estate - owner occupied		4,316		590		1,777			(30	)		64		6,717
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		3,677		-		(75	)		(27	)		22		3,597
Total residential real estate		7,993		590		1,702			(57	)		86		10,314
Construction and land development		4,789		419		2,050			(72	)		-		7,186
Home equity lines of credit		1,044		2		567			-			-		1,613
Consumer		772		78		750			(1,080	)		638		1,158
Leases		204		-		(3	)		-			-		201
Credit cards		162		-		94			(96	)		51		211
Total	$	53,898	$	9,950	$	9,682		$	(2,307	)	$	2,308	$	73,531

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of non-performing loans and the amortized cost basis of loans on non-accrual status for which there was no related ACL losses:

	Non-accrual Loans				Past Due 90-Days-
(in thousands)	With No		Total		or-More and Still
December 31, 2024	Recorded ACL		Non-accrual		Accruing Interest
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	4,409	$	5,221	$	—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		434		1,231		73
Total commercial real estate		4,843		6,452		73
Commercial and industrial - term		3,828		4,903		95
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		—		19
Total commercial and industrial		3,828		4,903		114
Residential real estate - owner occupied		371		7,168		—
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		2,451		39
Total residential real estate		371		9,619		39
Construction and land development		—		311		—
Home equity lines of credit		—		70		91
Consumer		—		372		—
Leases		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		—		170
Total	$	9,042	$	21,727	$	487

	Non-accrual Loans				Past Due 90-Days-
(in thousands)	With No		Total		or-More and Still
December 31, 2023	Recorded ACL		Non-accrual		Accruing Interest
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,714	$	8,649	$	—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		—		885		—
Total commercial real estate		1,714		9,534		—
Commercial and industrial - term		688		4,456		—
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		—		215		—
Total commercial and industrial		688		4,671		—
Residential real estate - owner occupied		230		3,667		—
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		—		372		—
Total residential real estate		230		4,039		—
Construction and land development		—		—		—
Home equity lines of credit		343		467		—
Consumer		—		337		—
Leases		—		—		—
Credit cards		—		10		110
Total	$	2,975	$	19,058	$	110

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of accrued interest income previously recorded as revenue and subsequently reversed due to the change in accrual status was nominal.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no interest income was recognized on loans on non-accrual status.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis and ACL allocated for collateral dependent loans, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses:

(in thousands) December 31, 2024	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	11,699	$	-	$	-	$	11,699	$	1,075
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		3,547		-		-		3,547		764
Total commercial real estate		15,246		-		-		15,246		1,839
Commercial and industrial - term		740		4,062		76		4,878		516
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		349		200		-		549		139
Total commercial and industrial		1,089		4,262		76		5,427		655
Residential real estate - owner occupied		6,514		-		-		6,514		448
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		2,974		-		-		2,974		852
Total residential real estate		9,488		-		-		9,488		1,300
Construction and land development		311		-		-		311		20
Home equity lines of credit		70		-		-		70		-
Consumer		-		-		356		356		34
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	26,204	$	4,262	$	432	$	30,898	$	3,848

(in thousands) December 31, 2023	Real Estate		Accounts Receivable / Equipment		Other		Total		ACL Allocation
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	15,419	$	-	$	-	$	15,419	$	1,604
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		2,586		-		-		2,586		812
Total commercial real estate		18,005		-		-		18,005		2,416
Commercial and industrial - term		302		4,088		-		4,390		377
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		2,781		101		-		2,882		708
Total commercial and industrial		3,083		4,189		-		7,272		1,085
Residential real estate - owner occupied		4,205		-		-		4,205		198
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		558		-		-		558		116
Total residential real estate		4,763		-		-		4,763		314
Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Home equity lines of credit		467		-		-		467		-
Consumer		-		-		335		335		18
Leases		-		-		-		-		-
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-
Total collateral dependent loans	$	26,318	$	4,189	$	335	$	30,842	$	3,833

There have been no significant changes to the types of collateral securing Bancorp’s collateral dependent loans.

The following tables present the aging of contractually past due loans by portfolio class:

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total Past		Total
December 31, 2024	Current		Past Due		Past Due		days Past Due		Due Loans		Loans
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,831,135	$	168	$	4,410	$	222	$	4,800	$	1,835,935
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		1,001,351		648		715		139		1,502		1,002,853
Total commercial real estate		2,832,486		816		5,125		361		6,302		2,838,788
Commercial and industrial - term		879,597		103		2,740		1,959		4,802		884,399
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		552,655		59		1,522		19		1,600		554,255
Total commercial and industrial		1,432,252		162		4,262		1,978		6,402		1,438,654
Residential real estate - owner occupied		789,286		7,737		3,176		4,881		15,794		805,080
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		381,177		628		56		883		1,567		382,744
Total residential real estate		1,170,463		8,365		3,232		5,764		17,361		1,187,824
Construction and land development		622,614		391		—		—		391		623,005
Home equity lines of credit		246,700		424		194		115		733		247,433
Consumer		143,796		470		69		309		848		144,644
Leases		15,514		—		—		—		—		15,514
Credit cards		24,122		220		27		171		418		24,540
Total	$	6,487,947	$	10,848	$	12,909	$	8,698	$	32,455	$	6,520,402

(in thousands)			30-59 days		60-89 days		90 or more		Total Past		Total
December 31, 2023	Current		Past Due		Past Due		days Past Due		Due Loans		Loans
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	$	1,558,756	$	768	$	318	$	1,847	$	2,933	$	1,561,689
Commercial real estate - owner occupied		906,385		758		260		21		1,039		907,424
Total commercial real estate		2,465,141		1,526		578		1,868		3,972		2,469,113
Commercial and industrial - term		866,089		244		2		1,045		1,291		867,380
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit		439,671		77		—		—		77		439,748
Total commercial and industrial		1,305,760		321		2		1,045		1,368		1,307,128
Residential real estate - owner occupied		699,475		5,290		1,612		2,516		9,418		708,893
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied		357,763		621		94		237		952		358,715
Total residential real estate		1,057,238		5,911		1,706		2,753		10,370		1,067,608
Construction and land development		531,324		—		—		—		—		531,324
Home equity lines of credit		210,823		67		33		467		567		211,390
Consumer		144,640		258		145		297		700		145,340
Leases		15,503		—		—		—		—		15,503
Credit cards		23,287		191		44		110		345		23,632
Total	$	5,753,716	$	8,274	$	2,508	$	6,540	$	17,322	$	5,771,038

Loan Risk Ratings

Consistent with regulatory guidance, Bancorp categorizes loans into credit risk rating categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends. Pass-rated loans include all risk-rated loans other than those classified as OAEM, substandard, and doubtful, which are defined below:

OAEM – Loans classified as OAEM have potential weaknesses requiring management's heightened attention. These potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of repayment prospects for the loan or of Bancorp's credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the paying capacity of the obligor or of collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize ultimate repayment of the debt. Default is a distinct possibility if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Substandard non-performing – Loans classified as substandard non-performing have all the characteristics of substandard loans and have been placed on non-accrual status. Loans are usually placed on non-accrual status when prospects for recovering both principal and accrued interest are considered doubtful or when a default of principal or interest has existed for 90 days or more.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. A loan is typically charged off once it is classified as doubtful.

Management considers the guidance in ASC 310-20 when determining whether a modification, extension, or renewal of loan constitutes a current period origination. Current period renewals of credit are re-underwritten at the point of renewal and considered current period originations for purposes of the table below. Bancorp has elected not to disclose revolving loans that have converted to term loans, as activity relating to this disclosure, which is included in the tables is currently immaterial to Bancorp’s loan portfolio and is expected to be in the future.

As of December 31, 2024, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

																	Revolving
																	loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																amortized
December 31, 2024	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020		Prior		cost basis		Total
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	416,310		$	293,890		$	402,081		$	291,741		$	199,039	$	157,303	$	28,584	$	1,788,948
OAEM		10,480			1,533			-			10,709			1,664		13,191		-		37,577
Substandard		1,546			-			2,320			-			-		225		98		4,189
Substandard non-performing		269			-			-			-			-		4,952		-		5,221
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	428,605		$	295,423		$	404,401		$	302,450		$	200,703	$	175,671	$	28,682	$	1,835,935
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	133,404		$	163,452		$	172,933		$	174,638		$	156,955	$	139,919	$	22,012	$	963,313
OAEM		6,292			273			1,145			1,856			715		3,385		-		13,666
Substandard		7,192			9,923			3,656			3,643			-		229		-		24,643
Substandard non-performing		434			-			-			731			66		-		-		1,231
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	147,322		$	173,648		$	177,734		$	180,868		$	157,736	$	143,533	$	22,012	$	1,002,853
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	312,854		$	173,383		$	198,754		$	120,056		$	34,013	$	30,903	$	-	$	869,963
OAEM		2,679			1,813			833			104			28		-		-		5,457
Substandard		496			311			-			3,036			10		223		-		4,076
Substandard non-performing		3,822			349			343			-			302		87		-		4,903
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - term	$	319,851		$	175,856		$	199,930		$	123,196		$	34,353	$	31,213	$	-	$	884,399
Current period gross charge offs	$	(414	)	$	(250	)	$	(6	)	$	(78	)	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(748	)
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	119,206		$	11,181		$	3,967		$	2,553		$	295	$	2,654	$	372,866	$	512,722
OAEM		7,448			-			-			-			-		-		10,750		18,198
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-		-		23,335		23,335
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	126,654		$	11,181		$	3,967		$	2,553		$	295	$	2,654	$	406,951	$	554,255
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	(555	)	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(555	)

(continued)
																			Revolving
																			loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																		amortized
December 31, 2024	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			cost basis			Total
Residential real estate - owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	161,257		$	154,799		$	166,127		$	159,449		$	77,516		$	78,169		$	-		$	797,317
OAEM		158			-			-			83			-			-			-			241
Substandard		-			-			12			-			-			342			-			354
Substandard non-performing		1,028			3,737			1,400			320			9			674			-			7,168
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Residential real estate - owner occupied	$	162,443		$	158,536		$	167,539		$	159,852		$	77,525		$	79,185		$	-		$	805,080
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	(349	)	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(7	)	$	-		$	(356	)
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	80,717		$	66,330		$	72,580		$	70,585		$	41,874		$	47,578		$	-		$	379,664
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			514			-			514
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			115			-			115
Substandard non-performing		739			1,332			214			17			-			149			-			2,451
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Residential real estate - non-owner occupied	$	81,456		$	67,662		$	72,794		$	70,602		$	41,874		$	48,356		$	-		$	382,744
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	237,785		$	234,782		$	115,429		$	8,381		$	1,273		$	3,569		$	15,420		$	616,639
OAEM		3,680			1,376			-			-			-			-			-			5,056
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			999			999
Substandard non-performing		311			-			-			-			-			-			-			311
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Construction and land development	$	241,776		$	236,158		$	115,429		$	8,381		$	1,273		$	3,569		$	16,419		$	623,005
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	246,336		$	246,336
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			1,027			1,027
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			70			70
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	247,433		$	247,433
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(107	)	$	(107	)
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass	$	22,895		$	18,200		$	12,822		$	6,294		$	1,095		$	1,023		$	81,943		$	144,272
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard non-performing		135			113			66			13			17			28			-			372
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Consumer	$	23,030		$	18,313		$	12,888		$	6,307		$	1,112		$	1,051		$	81,943		$	144,644
Current period gross charge offs	$	(640	)	$	(19	)	$	(12	)	$	(41	)	$	(9	)	$	(45	)	$	(19	)	$	(785	)

(continued)
																			Revolving
																			loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																		amortized
December 31, 2024	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			cost basis			Total
Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	4,935		$	5,439		$	1,864		$	1,462		$	597		$	3		$	-		$	14,300
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		31			-			586			536			61			-			-			1,214
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Leases	$	4,966		$	5,439		$	2,450		$	1,998		$	658		$	3		$	-		$	15,514
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	24,540		$	24,540
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Credit cards	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	24,540		$	24,540
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(225	)	$	(225	)
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,489,363		$	1,121,456		$	1,146,557		$	835,159		$	512,657		$	461,121		$	791,701		$	6,358,014
OAEM		30,737			4,995			1,978			12,752			2,407			17,090			10,750			80,709
Substandard		9,265			10,234			6,574			7,215			71			1,134			25,459			59,952
Substandard non-performing		6,738			5,531			2,023			1,081			394			5,890			70			21,727
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Loans	$	1,536,103		$	1,142,216		$	1,157,132		$	856,207		$	515,529		$	485,235		$	827,980		$	6,520,402
Current period gross charge offs	$	(1,054	)	$	(618	)	$	(573	)	$	(119	)	$	(9	)	$	(52	)	$	(351	)	$	(2,776	)

As of December 31, 2023, the risk rating of loans based on year of origination was as follows:

																			Revolving
																			loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																		amortized
December 31, 2023	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior			cost basis			Total
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	302,787		$	370,728		$	346,600		$	220,144		$	122,732		$	136,624		$	26,187		$	1,525,802
OAEM		76			-			2,902			-			1,947			3,727			-			8,652
Substandard		290			1,093			997			3,587			12,278			243			98			18,586
Substandard non-performing		5,806			286			-			-			1,472			1,085			-			8,649
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Commercial real estate non-owner occupied	$	308,959		$	372,107		$	350,499		$	223,731		$	138,429		$	141,679		$	26,285		$	1,561,689
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Commercial real estate - owner occupied:
Risk rating
Pass	$	148,498		$	164,087		$	191,350		$	179,450		$	90,575		$	100,988		$	13,941		$	888,889
OAEM		4,175			221			592			757			395			691			-			6,831
Substandard		1,675			4,258			-			4,370			458			58			-			10,819
Substandard non-performing		-			21			793			71			-			-			-			885
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Commercial real estate owner occupied	$	154,348		$	168,587		$	192,735		$	184,648		$	91,428		$	101,737		$	13,941		$	907,424
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Commercial and industrial - term:
Risk rating
Pass	$	279,002		$	298,204		$	172,288		$	56,949		$	24,939		$	26,790		$	-		$	858,172
OAEM		585			819			2,520			87			139			-			-			4,150
Substandard		218			80			31			-			-			273			-			602
Substandard non-performing		3,395			592			29			338			101			1			-			4,456
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Commercial and industrial - term	$	283,200		$	299,695		$	174,868		$	57,374		$	25,179		$	27,064		$	-		$	867,380
Current period gross charge offs	$	(1,315	)	$	(734	)	$	(37	)	$	(93	)	$	(37	)	$	(82	)	$	-		$	(2,298	)
Commercial and industrial - lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	30,553		$	22,409		$	3,232		$	348		$	8,931		$	1,783		$	356,237		$	423,493
OAEM		-			-			-			723			20			-			8,585			9,328
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			6,712			6,712
Substandard non-performing		157			-			-			-			-			-			58			215
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Commercial and industrial - lines of credit	$	30,710		$	22,409		$	3,232		$	1,071		$	8,951		$	1,783		$	371,592		$	439,748
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(3,633	)	$	(3,633	)

(continued)
																			Revolving
																			loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																		amortized
December 31, 2023	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior			cost basis			Total
Residential real estate - owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	170,446		$	178,088		$	175,561		$	86,105		$	24,354		$	70,213		$	-		$	704,767
OAEM		-			-			89			-			-			-			-			89
Substandard		-			15			-			-			-			355			-			370
Substandard non-performing		1,138			1,122			297			192			162			756			-			3,667
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Residential real estate - owner occupied	$	171,584		$	179,225		$	175,947		$	86,297		$	24,516		$	71,324		$	-		$	708,893
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(43	)	$	-		$	(43	)
Residential real estate - non-owner occupied
Risk rating
Pass	$	83,913		$	84,278		$	77,868		$	49,555		$	31,325		$	30,546		$	-		$	357,485
OAEM		-			7			-			-			262			277			-			546
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			312			-			312
Substandard non-performing		-			233			19			-			45			75			-			372
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Residential real estate - non-owner occupied	$	83,913		$	84,518		$	77,887		$	49,555		$	31,632		$	31,210		$	-		$	358,715
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Construction and land development
Risk rating
Pass	$	157,832		$	239,807		$	69,131		$	34,591		$	478		$	3,711		$	15,623		$	521,173
OAEM		-			-			3,682			-			-			-			999			4,681
Substandard		5,470			-			-			-			-			-			-			5,470
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Construction and land development	$	163,302		$	239,807		$	72,813		$	34,591		$	478		$	3,711		$	16,622		$	531,324
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Home equity lines of credit
Risk rating
Pass	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	210,886		$	210,886
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			37			37
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			467			467
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Home equity lines of credit	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	211,390		$	211,390
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(12	)	$	(12	)
Consumer
Risk rating
Pass	$	30,823		$	18,399		$	10,148		$	2,832		$	1,931		$	1,765		$	79,105		$	145,003
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard non-performing		41			145			91			27			3			14			16			337
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Consumer	$	30,864		$	18,544		$	10,239		$	2,859		$	1,934		$	1,779		$	79,121		$	145,340
Current period gross charge offs	$	(683	)	$	(22	)	$	(29	)	$	(43	)	$	(41	)	$	(27	)	$	(20	)	$	(865	)

(continued)
																			Revolving
																			loans
(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																		amortized
December 31, 2023	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior			cost basis			Total
Leases
Risk rating
Pass	$	6,801		$	3,442		$	3,117		$	1,723		$	155		$	265		$	-		$	15,503
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Leases	$	6,801		$	3,442		$	3,117		$	1,723		$	155		$	265		$	-		$	15,503
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-
Credit cards
Risk rating
Pass	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	23,622		$	23,622
OAEM		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Substandard non-performing		-			-			-			-			-			-			10			10
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Credit cards	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	23,632		$	23,632
Current period gross charge offs	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-		$	(661	)	$	(661	)
Total loans
Risk rating
Pass	$	1,207,296		$	1,379,117		$	1,047,901		$	630,129		$	305,493		$	379,258		$	725,601		$	5,674,795
OAEM		4,836			1,047			9,785			1,567			2,763			4,695			9,584			34,277
Substandard		7,653			5,446			1,028			7,957			12,736			1,241			6,847			42,908
Substandard non-performing		10,537			2,399			1,229			628			1,783			1,931			551			19,058
Doubtful		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Total Loans	$	1,230,322		$	1,388,009		$	1,059,943		$	640,281		$	322,775		$	387,125		$	742,583		$	5,771,038
Current period gross charge offs	$	(1,998	)	$	(756	)	$	(66	)	$	(136	)	$	(78	)	$	(152	)	$	(4,326	)	$	(7,512	)

For certain loan classes, such as credit cards, credit quality is evaluated based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in credit cards based on payment activity:

(in thousands)
December 31,	2024		2023
Credit cards
Performing	$	24,370	$	23,512
Non-performing		170		120
Total credit cards	$	24,540	$	23,632

Bancorp had $569,000 and $668,000, respectively, in residential real estate loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no modifications made to loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and there were no payment defaults of existing modified loans within 12 months following modification. Default is determined at 90 days or more past due, charge off, or foreclosure.