Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In order to determine fair value of our assets and liabilities, we use quoted prices for identical or similar instruments, otherwise we utilize valuation models with observable or calculated inputs. The use of observable quotes for identical or similar instruments and the use of unobservable inputs is reflected in the fair value hierarchy assessment disclosed in the tables within this Note as Level 1, 2 and 3 defined below. The availability of observable inputs can vary based upon the financial instrument and other factors, such as instrument type, market liquidity and other specific characteristics particular to the financial instrument. To the extent that a valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires additional judgment by management. We use prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption. In periods of market disruption, the availability of prices and inputs may be reduced for certain financial instruments. This condition could result in a financial instrument being reclassified from Level 1 to Level 2 or from Level 2 to Level 3.

Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and may require significant judgment in order to determine the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

We may make valuation adjustments to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, our own creditworthiness, as well as constraints due to market illiquidity or unobservable parameters.

The fair value of cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents approximates the carrying value and these instruments are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

We estimate the value of our AFS debt securities using observed transaction prices, independent third-party pricing valuation vendors, and internal valuation models.

We may hold investments in actively traded open-end and private placement equity investments. Where the equity investments produce a daily net asset value that is quoted in an active market, we use this value to determine the fair value of the equity investment and classify the investment in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of equity investments that produce a daily net asset value that is not quoted in an active market is estimated using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as practical expedient and are excluded from leveling in the fair value hierarchy.

In addition, we may hold individual securities where valuation methodologies and inputs to valuation models depend on the security type, thus they may be classified differently in the leveling hierarchy. Where possible, quoted prices in active markets for identical or similar securities are used to determine the fair value of the investment securities; those securities are classified as Level 1 or 2, respectively. Where quoted prices in active markets are not available, we use various valuation models for each asset class that are consistent with what market participants use. The inputs and assumptions to the models are derived from market observable sources including: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and other market-related data. These investments are generally classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, however depending on the significance of the unobservable inputs they may also be classified as Level 3.

We estimate the fair value of our derivatives using industry standard valuation models that require observable market inputs, including market prices, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, volatilities, counterparty credit risk, our own non-performance risk and the contractual terms of the derivative instruments. We consider counterparty credit risk and our own non-performance risk through credit valuation adjustments.

For derivatives that trade in liquid markets, model inputs can generally be verified and do not require significant management judgment. These derivative instruments are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Certain other derivative transactions trade in less liquid markets with limited pricing information. For such derivatives, key inputs to the valuation process include quotes from counterparties and other market data used to corroborate and adjust values where appropriate. Other market data includes values obtained from a market participant that serves as a third party valuation vendor. These derivative instruments are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Nonrecurring fair value measurements include Level 3 net finance receivables that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments utilizing the fair value of the underlying collateral when there is evidence of impairment. We did not have any significant nonrecurring fair value items as of March 31, 2019 and 2018.

For finance receivables within the dealer products portfolio segment for which there is evidence of impairment, we may measure impairment based on discounted cash flows, the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent. If the loan is collateral-dependent, the fair values of impaired finance receivables are reported at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The methods used to estimate the fair value of the underlying collateral depends on the specific class of finance receivable. For finance receivables within the wholesale class of finance receivables, the collateral value is generally based on wholesale market value or liquidation value for new and used vehicles. For finance receivables within the real estate class of finance receivables, the collateral value is generally based on appraisals. For finance receivables within the working capital class of finance receivables, the collateral value is generally based on the expected liquidation value of the underlying dealership assets. Adjustments may be performed in circumstances where market comparables are not specific to the attributes of the specific collateral or appraisal information may not be reflective of current market conditions due to the passage of time and the occurrence of market events since receipt of the information. As these valuations utilize unobservable inputs, our impaired finance receivables are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Retail finance receivables greater than 120 days past due are measured at fair value based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The fair value of collateral is based on the current average selling prices for like vehicles at wholesale used vehicle auctions.

Our finance receivables consist of retail loans and dealer financing loans, which are comprised of wholesale, real estate and working capital financing. Retail finance receivables are primarily valued using a securitization model that incorporates expected cash flows. Cash flows expected to be collected are estimated using contractual principal and interest payments adjusted for specific factors, such as prepayments, extensions, default rates, loss severity, credit scores, and collateral type. The securitization model utilizes quoted secondary market rates if available, or estimated market rates that incorporate management's best estimate of investor assumptions about the portfolio. The dealer financing portfolio is valued using a discounted cash flow model. Discount rates are derived based on market rates for equivalent portfolio bond ratings. As these valuations utilize unobservable inputs, our finance receivables are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of commercial paper is assumed to approximate the carrying value due to its short duration and generally negligible credit risk. We validate this assumption by recalculating the fair value of our commercial paper using quoted market rates. Commercial paper is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other unsecured notes and loans payable are primarily valued using current market rates and credit spreads for debt with similar maturities. Our valuation models utilize observable inputs such as standard industry curves; therefore, we classify these unsecured notes and loans payables in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. When observable inputs are not available for all assumptions, we estimate the fair value using internal assumptions such as volatility and expected credit losses. As these valuations utilize unobservable inputs, we classify these unsecured notes and loans payable in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair value is estimated based on current market rates and credit spreads for debt with similar maturities. We also use internal assumptions, including prepayment speeds and expected credit losses on the underlying securitized assets, to estimate the timing of cash flows to be paid on these instruments. As these valuations utilize unobservable inputs, our secured notes and loans payables are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following tables summarize our financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy except for certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient and are excluded from the leveling information provided in the tables below. Fair value amounts presented below are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

	March 31, 2019
								Counterparty
								netting &			Fair
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		collateral			value
Investments in marketable securities:
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	194	$	18		$	-	$	-		$	212
Municipal debt securities		-		11			-		-			11
Certificates of deposit		-		50			-		-			50
Commercial paper		-		70			-		-			70
Corporate debt securities		-		162			-		-			162
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency		-		35			-		-			35
Non-agency residential		-		-			1		-			1
Non-agency commercial		-		-			39		-			39
Asset-backed securities		-		-			53		-			53
Available-for-sale debt securities total		194		346			93		-			633
Equity investments:
Fixed income mutual funds:
Fixed income mutual funds measured at net asset value												689
Total return bond funds		1,586		-			-		-			1,586
Equity investments total		1,586		-			-		-			2,275
Investments in marketable securities total		1,780		346			93		-			2,908
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps		-		471			1		-			472
Foreign currency swaps		-		72			-		-			72
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-		(483	)		(483	)
Derivative assets total		-		543			1		(483	)		61
Assets at fair value		1,780		889			94		(483	)		2,969
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps		-		(622	)		-		-			(622	)
Foreign currency swaps		-		(785	)		-		-			(785	)
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-		1,381			1,381
Liabilities at fair value		-		(1,407	)		-		1,381			(26	)
Net assets at fair value	$	1,780	$	(518	)	$	94	$	898		$	2,943

	March 31, 2018
									Counterparty
									netting &			Fair
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			collateral			value
Available-for-sale securities:
Debt securities:
U.S. government and agency obligations	$	2,774	$	24		$	-		$	-		$	2,798
Municipal debt securities		-		11			-			-			11
Certificates of deposit		-		474			-			-			474
Commercial paper		-		52			-			-			52
Corporate debt securities		15		186			-			-			201
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. government agency		-		39			-			-			39
Non-agency residential		-		-			2			-			2
Non-agency commercial		-		-			29			-			29
Asset-backed securities		-		-			39			-			39
Equity investments:
Fixed income mutual funds:
Fixed income mutual funds measured at net asset value													660
Total return bond funds		1,524		-			-			-			1,524
Available-for-sale securities total		4,313		786			70			-			5,829
Derivative assets:
Interest rate swaps		-		872			-			-			872
Interest rate floors		-		1			-			-			1
Foreign currency swaps		-		485			-			-			485
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			(1,297	)		(1,297	)
Derivative assets total		-		1,358			-			(1,297	)		61
Assets at fair value		4,313		2,144			70			(1,297	)		5,890
Derivative liabilities:
Interest rate swaps		-		(607	)		(21	)		-			(628	)
Foreign currency swaps		-		(200	)		-			-			(200	)
Counterparty netting and collateral		-		-			-			822			822
Liabilities at fair value		-		(807	)		(21	)		822			(6	)
Net assets at fair value	$	4,313	$	1,337		$	49		$	(475	)	$	5,884

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the end of their respective reporting periods. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 resulted from changes in the transparency of inputs and were not significant.

The following tables summarize the rollforward of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

	Year Ended March 31, 2019
													Total net
										Derivative			assets
	Available-for-sale debt securities									instruments, net			(liabilities)

							Total
	Mortgage-			Asset-			available-			Interest
	backed			backed			for-sale debt			rate
	securities			securities			securities			swaps
Fair value, April 1, 2018	$	31		$	39		$	70		$	(21	)	$	49
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-			-			-			29			29
Included in other comprehensive income		-			1			1			-			1
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		16			32			48			-			48
Issuances		-			-			-			-			-
Sales		-			(4	)		(4	)		-			(4	)
Settlements		(7	)		(15	)		(22	)		(7	)		(29	)
Transfers in to Level 3		-			-			-			-			-
Transfers out of Level 3		-			-			-			-			-
Fair value, March 31, 2019	$	40		$	53		$	93		$	1		$	94
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date										$	29		$	29

	Year Ended March 31, 2018
																									Total net
																Derivative									assets
	Available-for-sale securities															instruments, net									(liabilities)

	U.S.												Total									Total
	government			Corporate			Mortgage-			Asset-			available-			Interest			Foreign			derivative
	and agency			debt			backed			backed			for-sale			rate			currency			assets
	obligations			securities			securities			securities			securities			swaps			swaps			(liabilities)
Fair value, April 1, 2017	$	2		$	8		$	39		$	31		$	80		$	(5	)	$	(62	)	$	(67	)	$	13
Total gains (losses)
Included in net income		-			-			-			-			-			-			7			7			7
Included in other comprehensive income		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Purchases, issuances, sales, and settlements
Purchases		-			-			5			30			35			-			-			-			35
Issuances		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Sales		-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-			-
Settlements		-			(9	)		(13	)		(22	)		(44	)		(16	)		55			39			(5	)
Transfers in to Level 3		-			1			-			-			1			-			-			-			1
Transfers out of Level 3		(2	)		-			-			-			(2	)		-			-			-			(2	)
Fair value, March 31, 2018	$	-		$	-		$	31		$	39		$	70		$	(21	)	$	-		$	(21	)	$	49
The amount of total gains (losses) included in net income attributable to assets held at the reporting date																$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-

The Level 3 financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value which are subject to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurement, and the corresponding change in the fair value measurements of these assets and liabilities, were not significant to our Consolidated Balance Sheets or Consolidated Statements of Income as of and for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

The following tables provide information about assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on our Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	March 31, 2019
	Carrying								Total Fair
	value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Financial assets
Finance receivables, net
Retail loan	$	53,013	$	-	$	-	$	53,247	$	53,247
Wholesale		10,293		-		-		10,369		10,369
Real estate		4,550		-		-		4,534		4,534
Working capital		2,510		-		-		2,554		2,554

Financial liabilities
Unsecured notes and loans payable	$	80,521	$	-	$	79,056	$	2,313	$	81,369
Secured notes and loans payable		12,401		-		-		12,428		12,428

	March 31, 2018
	Carrying								Total Fair
	value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Value

Financial assets
Finance receivables, net
Retail loan	$	52,374	$	-	$	-	$	52,081	$	52,081
Wholesale		10,365		-		-		10,413		10,413
Real estate		4,492		-		-		4,409		4,409
Working capital		2,222		-		-		2,197		2,197

Financial liabilities
Unsecured notes and loans payable	$	84,715	$	-	$	82,754	$	2,341	$	85,095
Secured notes and loans payable		13,638		-		-		13,588		13,588

The carrying value of each class of finance receivables includes accrued interest and deferred fees and costs, net of deferred income and the allowance for credit losses. Finance receivables, net excludes related party transactions, for which the fair value approximates the carrying value, of $148 million and $189 million at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Fair values of related party finance receivables, net would be classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.