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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period From _____ To _____
Commission File Number: 001-13836 
 
JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter
Ireland98-0390500
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Albert Quay, Cork, Ireland, T12 X8N6
(353) 21-423-5000
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Postal Code)(Registrant's Telephone Number)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of Each ClassTrading SymbolName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Ordinary Shares, Par Value $0.01JCINew York Stock Exchange
 1.000% Senior Notes due 2023  JCI23A New York Stock Exchange
 3.625% Senior Notes due 2024  JCI24A New York Stock Exchange
 1.375% Notes due 2025  JCI25A New York Stock Exchange
 3.900% Notes due 2026  JCI26A New York Stock Exchange
0.375% Senior Notes due 2027JCI27New York Stock Exchange
3.000% Senior Notes due 2028JCI28New York Stock Exchange
1.750% Senior Notes due 2030JCI30New York Stock Exchange
2.000% Sustainability-Linked Senior Notes due 2031JCI31New York Stock Exchange
1.000% Senior Notes due 2032JCI32New York Stock Exchange
4.900% Senior Notes due 2032JCI32ANew York Stock Exchange
 6.000% Notes due 2036  JCI36A New York Stock Exchange
 5.70% Senior Notes due 2041  JCI41B New York Stock Exchange
 5.250% Senior Notes due 2041  JCI41C New York Stock Exchange
 4.625% Senior Notes due 2044  JCI44A New York Stock Exchange
 5.125% Notes due 2045  JCI45B New York Stock Exchange
 6.950% Debentures due December 1, 2045  JCI45A New York Stock Exchange
 4.500% Senior Notes due 2047  JCI47 New York Stock Exchange
 4.950% Senior Notes due 2064  JCI64A New York Stock Exchange
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filerþAccelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Non-accelerated filer¨Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes      No  þ
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
ClassOrdinary Shares Outstanding at March 31, 2023
Ordinary Shares, $0.01 par value per share686,098,829



JOHNSON CONTROLS INTERNATIONAL PLC
FORM 10-Q
Report Index
  
Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Month Periods Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the
       Three and Six Month Periods Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Month Periods Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the
       Three and Six Month Periods Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 6. Exhibits
Signatures



PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Income
(in millions, except per share data; unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
2023202220232022
Net sales
Products and systems$5,083 $4,617 $9,639 $9,037 
Services1,603 1,481 3,115 2,923 
6,686 6,098 12,754 11,960 
Cost of sales
Products and systems3,516 3,294 6,629 6,447 
Services929 847 1,793 1,665 
4,445 4,141 8,422 8,112 
Gross profit2,241 1,957 4,332 3,848 
Selling, general and administrative expenses(1,579)(1,454)(3,150)(2,823)
Restructuring and impairment costs(418)(384)(763)(433)
Net financing charges(71)(51)(138)(104)
Equity income50 42 112 112 
Income before income taxes223 110 393 600 
Income tax provision49 58 63 129 
Net income 174 52 330 471 
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests41 41 79 79 
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls$133 $11 $251 $392 
Earnings per share attributable to Johnson Controls
Basic$0.19 $0.02 $0.37 $0.56 
Diluted0.19 0.02 0.36 0.56 


















The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
3


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(in millions; unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2023202220232022
Net income $174 $52 $330 $471 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments10 (16)100 70 
Realized and unrealized gains on derivatives20 10 3 17 
Pension and postretirement plans (1)(1)(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss)30 (7)102 85 
Total comprehensive income204 45 432 556 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net income41 41 79 79 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments11 (10)42 (8)
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives1 1 (5)4 
Other comprehensive income (loss)12 (9)37 (4)
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests53 32 116 75 
Comprehensive income attributable to Johnson Controls$151 $13 $316 $481 




























The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
4


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
(in millions, except par value; unaudited)
March 31, 2023September 30, 2022
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,975 $2,031 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for
      expected credit losses of $94 and $62, respectively
6,002 5,528 
Inventories3,048 2,510 
Current assets held for sale 446 387 
Other current assets1,285 1,229 
Current assets12,756 11,685 
Property, plant and equipment - net3,094 3,042 
Goodwill17,559 17,328 
Other intangible assets - net4,633 4,641 
Investments in partially-owned affiliates1,065 963 
Noncurrent assets held for sale 378 751 
Other noncurrent assets3,935 3,748 
Total assets$43,420 $42,158 
Liabilities and Equity
Short-term debt$1,737 $669 
Current portion of long-term debt922 865 
Accounts payable4,348 4,241 
Accrued compensation and benefits747 978 
Deferred revenue1,939 1,768 
Current liabilities held for sale316 236 
Other current liabilities2,394 2,482 
Current liabilities12,403 11,239 
Long-term debt7,832 7,426 
Pension and postretirement benefits360 358 
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale59 62 
Other noncurrent liabilities5,688 5,671 
Long-term liabilities13,939 13,517 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 21)
Ordinary shares, $0.01 par value
7 7 
Ordinary A shares, €1.00 par value
  
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value
  
Ordinary shares held in treasury, at cost(1,235)(1,203)
Capital in excess of par value17,295 17,224 
Retained earnings669 1,151 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(846)(911)
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Johnson Controls15,890 16,268 
Noncontrolling interests1,188 1,134 
Total equity17,078 17,402 
Total liabilities and equity$43,420 $42,158 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
5


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in millions; unaudited)
Six Months Ended March 31,
 20232022
Operating Activities of Continuing Operations
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls$251 $392 
Income attributable to noncontrolling interests79 79 
Net income330 471 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization409 432 
Pension and postretirement benefit income(3)(51)
Pension and postretirement contributions(26)(76)
Equity in earnings of partially-owned affiliates, net of dividends received(55)20 
Deferred income taxes(168)(97)
Noncash restructuring and impairment charges691 361 
Equity-based compensation61 57 
Other - net(87)(64)
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions and divestitures:
Accounts receivable(360)(306)
Inventories(493)(619)
Other assets(169)(206)
Restructuring reserves(17)(19)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(155)489 
Accrued income taxes60 (68)
Cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations18 324 
Investing Activities of Continuing Operations
Capital expenditures(255)(260)
Sale of property, plant and equipment28 35 
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired(89)(124)
Business divestitures, net of cash divested 16 
Other - net2 1 
Cash used by investing activities from continuing operations(314)(332)
Financing Activities of Continuing Operations
Net proceeds from borrowings with maturities less than three months1,288 1,517 
Proceeds from debt316 544 
Repayments of debt(536)(2)
Stock repurchases and retirements(247)(1,035)
Payment of cash dividends(481)(430)
Employee equity-based compensation withholding taxes(32)(49)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests(72)(118)
Other - net26 17 
Cash provided by financing activities from continuing operations262 444 
Discontinued Operations
Cash used by operating activities (4)
Cash used by discontinued operations (4)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash8 46 
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(26)478 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period2,066 1,342 
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period2,040 1,820 
Less: Restricted cash65 33 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$1,975 $1,787 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
6


Johnson Controls International plc
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity
(in millions, except per share data; unaudited)
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
 2023202220232022
Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Johnson Controls
Beginning Balance$16,046 $17,249 $16,268 $17,562 
Ordinary Shares
Beginning balance7 7 7 7 
Ending balance7 7 7 7 
Ordinary Shares Held in Treasury, at Cost
Beginning balance(1,233)(1,199)(1,203)(1,152)
Employee equity-based compensation withholding taxes(2)(1)(32)(48)
Ending balance(1,235)(1,200)(1,235)(1,200)
Capital in Excess of Par Value
Beginning balance17,262 17,150 17,224 17,116 
Share-based compensation expense25 — 44 — 
Other, including options exercised8 24 27 58 
Ending balance17,295 17,174 17,295 17,174 
Retained Earnings
Beginning balance874 1,638 1,151 2,025 
Net income attributable to Johnson Controls133 11 251 392 
Cash dividends declared(245)(240)(486)(482)
Repurchases and retirements of ordinary shares(93)(509)(247)(1,035)
Ending balance669 900 669 900 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Beginning balance(864)(347)(911)(434)
Other comprehensive income18 2 65 89 
Ending balance(846)(345)(846)(345)
Ending Balance15,890 16,536 15,890 16,536 
Shareholders' Equity Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
Beginning Balance1,197 1,241 1,134 1,191 
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests53 32 116 75 
Dividends attributable to noncontrolling interests(62)(121)(62)(121)
Change in noncontrolling interest share— — — 7 
Ending Balance1,188 1,152 1,188 1,152 
Total Shareholders' Equity$17,078 $17,688 $17,078 $17,688 
Cash Dividends Declared per Ordinary Share$0.36 $0.35 $0.71 $0.69 











The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
7


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)

1.Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc, a public limited company organized under the laws of Ireland, and its subsidiaries (Johnson Controls International plc and all its subsidiaries, hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Company," or "Johnson Controls"). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on November 15, 2022. The results of operations for the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of results for the Company’s 2023 fiscal year because of seasonal and other factors.

Nature of Operations

Johnson Controls International plc, headquartered in Cork, Ireland, is a global leader in smart, healthy and sustainable buildings, serving a wide range of customers in more than 150 countries. The Company’s products, services, systems and solutions advance the safety, comfort and intelligence of spaces to serve people, places and the planet. The Company is committed to helping its customers win and creating greater value for all of its stakeholders through its strategic focus on buildings.

The Company is a global leader in engineering, manufacturing, commissioning and retrofitting building products and systems, including residential and commercial heating, ventilating, air-conditioning ("HVAC") equipment, industrial refrigeration systems, controls, security systems, fire-detection systems and fire-suppression solutions. The Company further serves customers by providing technical services, including maintenance, management, repair, retrofit and replacement of equipment (in the HVAC, industrial refrigeration, controls, security and fire-protection space), energy-management consulting and data-driven “smart building” services and solutions powered by its OpenBlue software platform and capabilities. The Company partners with customers by leveraging its broad product portfolio and digital capabilities powered by OpenBlue, together with its direct channel service and solutions capabilities, to deliver outcome-based solutions across the lifecycle of a building that address customers’ needs to improve energy efficiency, enhance security, create healthy environments and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Johnson Controls International plc and its subsidiaries that are consolidated in conformity with U.S. GAAP. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results of companies acquired or disposed of during the reporting period are included in the consolidated financial statements from the effective date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal. Investments in partially-owned affiliates are accounted for by the equity method when the Company exercises significant influence, which typically occurs when its ownership interest exceeds 20%, and the Company does not have a controlling interest.

The Company consolidates variable interest entities ("VIE") when it has the power to direct the significant activities of the entity and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits from the entity that may be significant. The Company did not have any material consolidated or nonconsolidated VIE's for the presented reporting periods.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash relates to amounts restricted for payment of asbestos liabilities and certain litigation and environmental matters. Restricted cash is recorded primarily within other current assets in the consolidated statements of financial position and totaled $65 million and $35 million at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively.

8


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)
Prior Period Revision – Statement of Cash Flows

The Company revised the amounts previously reported as net proceeds from borrowings with maturities less than three months and proceeds from debt for certain short-term debt transactions that were incorrectly presented on a net basis within the financing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended March 31, 2022. Interim and annual amounts for the year ended September 30, 2022 and annual amounts for the years ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 were similarly impacted. Prior period amounts will be revised with future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report on Form 10-K filings. Cash provided by financing activities and the total increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were unchanged for all affected periods. The Company does not believe the impact of incorrect presentation is material to any periods.

2.      New Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, "Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations," which is intended to enhance the transparency surrounding the use of supplier finance programs. Supplier finance programs may also be referred to as reverse factoring, payables finance, or structured payables arrangements. The amendments require a buyer that uses supplier finance programs to make annual disclosures about the program’s key terms, the balance sheet presentation of related amounts, the confirmed amount outstanding at the end of the period, and associated rollforward information. Only the amount outstanding at the end of the period must be disclosed in interim periods. The Company expects to adopt the new disclosures, other than the rollforward disclosure, as required at the beginning of fiscal 2024. The rollforward disclosures will be adopted as required at the beginning of fiscal 2025.

Other recently issued accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

3.Acquisitions and Divestitures

During the first six months of fiscal 2023, the Company completed certain acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $115 million, of which $89 million was paid as of March 31, 2023. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $53 million within the Global Products segment and $14 million within the Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment.

The Company completed no divestitures during the first six months of fiscal 2023.

During the first six months of fiscal 2022, the Company completed certain acquisitions for a combined purchase price, net of cash acquired, of $160 million, of which $124 million was paid as of March 31, 2022. In connection with the acquisitions, the Company recorded goodwill of $45 million within the Building Solutions Asia Pacific segment, $24 million within the Building Solutions North America segment and $29 million within the Building Solutions EMEA/LA segment.

During the first six months of fiscal 2022, the Company completed a divestiture within the Buildings Solutions EMEA/LA segment. The selling price, net of cash divested, was $18 million, of which $16 million was received as of March 31, 2022. In connection with the divestiture, the Company reduced goodwill by $5 million.

Acquisitions and divestitures were not material individually or in the aggregate during the first six months of fiscal 2023 or 2022.

9


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)
4.     Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

During fiscal 2022, the Company determined that its Global Retail business within its Building Solutions North America, Building Solutions Asia Pacific and Building Solutions EMEA/LA segments and a business within the Building Solutions Asia Pacific segment both met the criteria to be classified as held for sale. The assets and liabilities of both businesses are presented as held for sale in the consolidated statements of financial position as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Assets and liabilities held for sale are recorded at the lower of carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell in accordance with ASC 360-10-15, "Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets." The carrying amount of any assets, including goodwill, that are part of the disposal group, but not in the scope of ASC 360-10, are tested for impairment under the relevant guidance prior to measuring the disposal group at fair value, less cost to sell.

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges for the Global Retail business of $210 million and $438 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded impairment charges for a business in the Building Solutions Asia Pacific segment of $0 and $60 million, respectively. The impairment charges were primarily due to reductions in the estimated fair values of the businesses to be disposed as a result of ongoing negotiations with potential buyers and were recorded within restructuring and impairment costs in the consolidated statements of income.

The divestiture of the businesses held for sale could result in a gain or loss on sale to the extent the ultimate selling prices differ from the current carrying value of the net assets recorded, which could be material. The businesses did not meet the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations as neither divestiture represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company's operations and financial results. Both divestitures are expected to be finalized in fiscal 2023.

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Global Retail assets and liabilities held for sale (in millions):
 March 31, 2023September 30, 2022
Accounts receivable - net$242 $199 
Inventories160 155 
Other current assets30 21 
Current assets held for sale$432 $375 
Property, plant and equipment - net$114 $89 
Goodwill 22 
Other intangible assets - net 190 514 
Other noncurrent assets71 72 
Noncurrent assets held for sale$375 $697 
Accounts payable$126 $127 
Accrued compensation and benefits16 25 
Deferred revenue47 36 
Other current liabilities 116 33 
Current liabilities held for sale$305 $221 
Other noncurrent liabilities$58 $61 
Noncurrent liabilities held for sale$58 $61 

10


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)
5.     Revenue Recognition

Disaggregated Revenue

The following tables present the Company's revenues disaggregated by segment and by Products & Systems and Services revenue (in millions):
Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Products & SystemsServicesTotalProducts & SystemsServicesTotal
Building Solutions North America$1,554 $966 $2,520 $1,343 $884 $2,227 
Building Solutions EMEA/LA582 449 1,031 536 422 958 
Building Solutions Asia Pacific479 188 667 448 175 623 
Global Products2,468  2,468 2,290  2,290 
Total$5,083 $1,603 $6,686 $4,617 $1,481 $6,098 



Six Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Products & SystemsServicesTotalProducts & SystemsServicesTotal
Building Solutions North America$3,005 $1,882 $4,887 $2,642 $1,737 $4,379 
Building Solutions EMEA/LA1,134 872 2,006 1,080 837 1,917 
Building Solutions Asia Pacific952 361 1,313 949 349 1,298 
Global Products4,548  4,548 4,366  4,366 
Total$9,639 $3,115 $12,754 $9,037 $2,923 $11,960 


The following table presents further disaggregation of Global Products segment revenues by product type (in millions):
Three Months Ended
March 31,
Six Months Ended
March 31,
2023202220232022
HVAC$1,757 $1,658 $3,197 $3,141 
Fire & Security623 578 1,193 1,122 
Industrial Refrigeration88 54 158 103 
Total$2,468 $2,290 $4,548 $4,366 

Contract Balances

Contract assets relate to the Company’s right to consideration for performance obligations satisfied but not billed. Contract liabilities relate to customer payments received in advance of satisfaction of performance obligations under the contract. Contract balances are classified as assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. 

11


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)
The following table presents the location and amount of contract balances in the Company's consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):
Location of contract balancesMarch 31, 2023September 30, 2022
Contract assets - currentAccounts receivable - net$2,026 $2,020 
Contract assets - noncurrentOther noncurrent assets81 79 
Contract liabilities - currentDeferred revenue1,939 1,768 
Contract liabilities - noncurrentOther noncurrent liabilities292 282 

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $319 million and $308 million, respectively, that was included in the beginning of period contract liability balance. For the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $1,165 million and $1,059 million, respectively, that was included in the beginning of period contract liability balance

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a distinct good, service, or a bundle of goods and services promised in a contract. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. When contracts with customers require significant and complex integration, contain goods or services which are highly interdependent or interrelated, or are goods or services which significantly modify or customize other promises in the contracts and, therefore, are not distinct, then the entire contract is accounted for as a single performance obligation. For any contracts with multiple performance obligations, the contract’s transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. For product sales, each product sold to a customer typically represents a distinct performance obligation.

Performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time or over time. The timing of satisfying the performance obligation is typically stipulated by the terms of the contract. As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $18.8 billion, of which approximately 65% is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next two years. The remaining performance obligations expected to be recognized in revenue beyond two years primarily relate to large, multi-purpose contracts to construct hospitals, schools and other governmental buildings, which include services to be performed over the building's lifetime, with initial contract terms of 25 to 35 years. Future contract modifications could affect both the timing and the amount of the remaining performance obligations. The Company excludes the value of remaining performance obligations for service contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

The Company recognizes the incremental costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract with a customer as an asset when these costs are recoverable. These costs consist primarily of sales commissions and design costs that relate to a contract or an anticipated contract that we expect to recover. Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract are capitalized and amortized over the period of contract performance.

The following table presents the location and amount of costs to obtain or fulfill a contract recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of financial position (in millions):

March 31, 2023September 30, 2022
Other current assets$154 $139 
Other noncurrent assets200 174 
Total$354 $313 

12


Johnson Controls International plc
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2023
(unaudited)
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized amortization expense of $61 million and $47 million, respectively, related to costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. During the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized amortization expense of $122 million and $