485BPOS 1 f56432e485bpos.htm 485BPOS e485bpos
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AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JULY 29, 2010
REGISTRATION NOS. 33-21677;
811-5547
 
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. o
Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 þ
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Amendment No. 75 þ
LAUDUS TRUST
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
211 Main Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip code)
800.648.5300
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)
     
Name and Address of Agent for Service:
  Copies to:
 
   
KOJI E. FELTON
  TIMOTHY W. LEVIN, ESQ.
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
  Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
211 Main Street
  1701 Market Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
  Philadelphia, PA 19103
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: Continuous.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
o   Immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
þ   On July 29, 2010 pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
o   60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
 
o   On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
 
o   75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
 
o   On (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485
If appropriate, check the following box:
o   This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
 
 

 


Table of Contents

     
Prospectus
July 29, 2010
  (LAUDUS FUNDS LOGO)

 
COMMAND PERFORMANCETM 

 
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
Investor Shares: LIEQX
Select Shares: LIEFX
Institutional Shares: LIEIX
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
Investor Shares: LGEQX
Select Shares: LGESX
Institutional Shares: LGEVX
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
Investor Shares: LEMIX
Select Shares: LEMSX
Institutional Shares: LEMNX
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
LIFNX
 
Investment Adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited
 
 
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved these securities or passed on whether the information in this prospectus is adequate and accurate. Anyone who indicates otherwise is committing a federal crime.
 
Shareholder Services
1.866.452.8387 Institutional Shares
1.866.452.8387 Registered Investment Professionals
1.800.447.3332 Investor and Select Shares
www.laudus.com


 

 
 
Laudus Mondrian Funds
 
     
     
Fund summaries
   
     
  1
     
  6
     
  11
     
  16
     
   
     
  21
     
  21
     
  25
     
  29
     
  32
     
  36
     
  37
     
  44
     
  50
     
  52
     
  52
     
  54
     
  54
     
  55
     
  55
     
  56
     
  59


Table of Contents

Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
             
Ticker Symbols   Investor Shares: LIEQX   Select Shares: LIEFX   Institutional Shares: LIEIX
             

 
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
Fund fees and expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund.
 
             
 Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)   Institutional   Select   Investor
 
Redemption fee (as a % of the amount sold or exchanged within 30 days of purchase)   2.00   2.00   2.00
             
             
 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fees   0.85   0.85   0.85
Distribution (12b-1) fees   None   None   0.25
Other expenses   0.39   0.46   0.50
             
Total annual fund operating expenses   1.24   1.31   1.60
Less expense reduction   (0.19)   (0.19)   (0.20)
             
Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction1   1.05   1.12   1.40
             
 
1  The investment adviser has agreed to limit the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, and certain non-routine expenses) of the fund to 1.05%, 1.12%, and 1.40% for the Institutional, Select and Investor classes, respectively, until at least July 30, 2012. During this term, the agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the fund’s Board of Trustees. Any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to the investment adviser during the next two fiscal years to the extent that the repayment will not cause the fund’s total annual fund operating expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the agreement) during the respective year. The investment adviser may, but is not required to, extend the agreement for additional years.
 
 Example
 
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The one-year figures are based on total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction. The expenses would be the same whether you stayed in the fund or sold your shares at the end of each period. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.
 
 Expenses on a $10,000 investment
 
                 
    1 year   3 years   5 years   10 years
 
 
Institutional
  $107   $355   $643   $1,464
Select
  $114   $377   $681   $1,545
Investor
  $143   $465   $832   $1,865
 
 Portfolio turnover
 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 14% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
 
 
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Principal investment strategies
The fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in equity securities of non-U.S. large capitalization issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unregistered funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
 
For purposes of investments to be made by the fund, large capitalization companies are currently defined by the subadviser to mean issuers that have a market capitalization of more than $6.5 billion at the time of purchase. This level is subject to market movements and is regularly reviewed by the subadviser. The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. Typically, the fund invests in securities of approximately 30-40 companies.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide capital appreciation over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term capital appreciation. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. The fund may carry out hedging activities and may invest in forward foreign currency contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency. Under normal circumstances, hedging is undertaken defensively back into the base currency of the fund.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, principally futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may also invest in investment- and below investment-grade debt securities issued by government or corporate entities.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and may increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. The fund’s principal risks include:
 
Market risk. Stock and bond markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor stock selection or a focus on securities in a particular sector may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
 
 
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Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. In addition, equity markets tend to move in cycles, which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large-cap risk. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — mid- or small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s large-cap holdings could reduce performance.
 
Foreign investment risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions; changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges); differing accounting, auditing, financial reporting and legal standards and practices; differing securities market structures; and higher transaction costs. These risks may be heightened in connection with investments in emerging markets.
 
Emerging market risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Such countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries.
 
Derivatives risk. The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, investments in derivatives may involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in derivatives can have a disproportionately larger impact on the fund.
 
Fixed income risk. Interest rates rise and fall over time, which will affect the fund’s yield and share price. The credit quality of a portfolio investment could also cause the fund’s share price to fall. The fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment or the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Fixed income securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower than market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. Below investment-grade bonds (junk bonds) involve greater credit risk, are more volatile, involve greater risk of price declines and may be more susceptible to economic downturns than investment-grade securities.
 
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent.
 
REITs risk. The fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. REITs are also subject to certain additional risks, for example, REITs, are dependent upon specialized management skills and cash flows, and may have their investments in relatively few properties, a small geographic area or a single property type. Failure of a company to qualify as a REIT under federal tax law may have adverse consequences on the fund. In addition, REITs have their own expenses, and the fund will bear a proportionate share of those expenses.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. When the fund invests in an ETF, it will bear a proportionate share of the ETF’s expenses. In addition, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.
 
Liquidity risk. A particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell. The fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price.
 
Your investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
 
For more information on the risks of investing in the fund please see the “Fund details” section in the prospectus.
 
 
 
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Performance
The bar chart below shows the fund’s investment results for the prior year, and the following table shows how the fund’s average annual total returns for various periods compared to that of an index. This information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. All figures assume distributions were reinvested. Keep in mind that future performance (both before and after taxes) may differ from past performance. For current performance information, please see www.laudus.com/prospectus.
 
 Annual total returns (%) as of 12/31
 
Investor Shares
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 18.42% Q2 2009          
Worst quarter: (17.85%) Q1 2009
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and before taxes) of the fund’s Investor Shares as of 6/30/2010: (16.52%)
 
 Average annual total returns (%) as of 12/31/09
 
                 
          Since
 
          Inception
 
    1 year     (6/16/08)  
Investor Shares
               
Before taxes
    18.97%       (14.00% )
After taxes on distributions
    18.90%       (14.11% )
After taxes on distributions and sale of shares
    12.85%       (11.76% )
Select Shares®
               
Before taxes
    19.16%       (13.87% )
Institutional Shares
               
Before taxes
    19.35%       (13.76% )
Comparative Index (reflects no deduction for expenses or taxes)
               
MSCI EAFE Index (Net)
    31.78%       (12.71% )
 
The after-tax figures reflect the highest individual federal income tax rates in effect during the period and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. The after-tax figures are shown for one share class only, and would be different for the other share classes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation. In addition, after-tax returns are not relevant if you hold your fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Investment adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited
 
Portfolio managers
Elizabeth Desmond, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer-International Equities of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Russell Mackie, Senior Portfolio Manager-European Equities Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
 
 
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Emma Lewis, Senior Portfolio Manager-Pacific Equities Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Purchase and sale of fund shares
The fund is open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.
 
You may invest directly in the fund by placing purchase, exchange and redemption orders through the fund’s transfer agent. Investors must contact the transfer agent by phone or in writing to obtain an account application. Investors may contact the transfer agent:
 
  •  by telephone at 1-800-447-3332; or
 
  •  by mail in writing at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Funds, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266.
 
When you place orders to purchase, exchange or redeem fund shares through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) or another financial intermediary, you must follow Schwab’s or the other financial intermediary’s transaction procedures.
 
                 
    Minimum initial
    Subsequent
 
Name of class   fund investment     investment  
Institutional
  $ 500,000       None  
Select
  $ 50,000       None  
Investor
  $ 100       None  
 
The fund may waive the minimum initial investment for certain investors.
 
Tax information
Dividends and capital gains distributions received from the fund will generally be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Payments to financial intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
 
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Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
             
Ticker Symbols   Investor Shares: LGEQX   Select Shares: LGESX   Institutional Shares: LGEVX
             

 
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
Fund fees and expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund.
 
             
 Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)   Institutional   Select   Investor
 
Redemption fee (as a % of the amount sold or exchanged within 30 days of purchase)   2.00   2.00   2.00
             
             
 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fees   0.85   0.85   0.85
Distribution (12b-1) fees   None   None   0.25
Other expenses   4.12   4.28   4.20
             
Total annual fund operating expenses   4.97   5.13   5.30
Less expense reduction   (3.92)   (4.01)   (3.90)
             
Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction1   1.05   1.12   1.40
             
 
1  The investment adviser has agreed to limit the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes and certain non-routine expenses) of the fund to 1.05%, 1.12%, and 1.40% for the Institutional, Select and Investor classes, respectively, until at least July 30, 2012. During this term, the agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the fund’s Board of Trustees. Any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to the investment adviser during the next two fiscal years to the extent that the repayment will not cause the fund’s total annual fund operating expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the agreement) during the respective year. The investment adviser may, but is not required to, extend the agreement for additional years.
 
 Example
 
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The one-year figures are based on total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction. The expenses would be the same whether you stayed in the fund or sold your shares at the end of each period. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.
 
 Expenses on a $10,000 investment
 
                 
    1 year   3 years   5 years   10 years
Institutional
  $107   $755   $1,830   $4,520
Select
  $114   $786   $1,890   $4,638
Investor
  $143   $858   $1,989   $4,787
 
 Portfolio turnover
 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 22% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
 
 
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Principal investment strategies
The fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in equity securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unregistered funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide capital appreciation over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term capital appreciation. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. The fund may carry out hedging activities and may invest in forward foreign currency contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency. Under normal circumstances, hedging is undertaken defensively back into the base currency of the fund.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, principally futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may also invest in investment- and below investment-grade debt securities issued by governments or corporate entities.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and may increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. The fund’s principal risks include:
 
Market risk. Stock and bond markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor stock selection or a focus on securities in a particular sector may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. In addition, equity markets tend to move in cycles, which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large-, mid- and small-cap risk. Stocks of different market capitalizations tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. Historically, small- and mid-cap stocks tend to be more volatile than large-cap stocks, and small-cap stocks have been riskier than large- and mid-cap stocks. During a period when stocks of a particular market capitalization fall behind other types of investments — bonds or stocks of another capitalization range, for instance — the fund’s large-, mid- or small-cap holdings could reduce performance.
 
 
 
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Foreign investment risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions; changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges); differing accounting, auditing, financial reporting and legal standards and practices; differing securities market structures; and higher transaction costs. These risks may be heightened in connection with investments in emerging markets.
 
Emerging market risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Such countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries.
 
Derivatives risk. The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, investments in derivatives may involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in derivatives can have a disproportionately larger impact on the fund.
 
Fixed income risk. Interest rates rise and fall over time, which will affect the fund’s yield and share price. The credit quality of a portfolio investment could also cause the fund’s share price to fall. The fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment or the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Fixed income securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower than market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. Below investment-grade bonds (junk bonds) involve greater credit risk, are more volatile, involve greater risk of price declines and may be more susceptible to economic downturns than investment-grade securities.
 
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent.
 
REITs risk. The fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate, including fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. REITs are also subject to certain additional risks, for example, REITs, are dependent upon specialized management skills and cash flows, and may have their investments in relatively few properties, a small geographic area or a single property type. Failure of a company to qualify as a REIT under federal tax law may have adverse consequences on the fund. In addition, REITs have their own expenses, and the fund will bear a proportionate share of those expenses.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. When the fund invests in an ETF, it will bear a proportionate share of the ETF’s expenses. In addition, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.
 
Liquidity risk. A particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell. The fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price.
 
Your investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
 
For more information on the risks of investing in the fund please see the “Fund details” section in the prospectus.
 
 
 
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Table of Contents

 
Performance
The bar chart below shows the fund’s investment results for the prior year, and the following table shows how the fund’s average annual total returns for various periods compared to that of an index. This information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. All figures assume distributions were reinvested. Keep in mind that future performance (both before and after taxes) may differ from past performance. For current performance information, please see www.laudus.com/prospectus.
 
 Annual total returns (%) as of 12/31
 
Investor Shares
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 18.31% Q2 2009          
Worst quarter: (15.98%) Q1 2009
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and before taxes) of the fund’s Investor Shares as of 6/30/2010: (14.00%)
 
 Average annual total returns (%) as of 12/31/09
 
                 
          Since
 
          Inception
 
    1 year     (6/16/08)  
Investor Shares
               
Before taxes
    22.09%       (9.83% )
After taxes on distributions
    21.88%       (10.34% )
After taxes on distributions and sale of shares
    15.08%       (8.40% )
Select Shares®
               
Before taxes
    22.50%       (9.56% )
Institutional Shares
               
Before taxes
    22.55%       (9.51% )
Comparative Index (reflects no deduction for expenses or taxes)
               
MSCI World Index (Net)
    29.99%       (11.79% )
 
The after-tax figures reflect the highest individual federal income tax rates in effect during the period and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. The after-tax figures are shown for one share class only, and would be different for the other share classes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation. In addition, after-tax returns are not relevant if you hold your fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Investment adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited
 
Portfolio managers
Nigel May (ASIP, CFA), Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Brendan Baker, Senior Portfolio Manager-North American Equities Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
 
 
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Andrew Porter, Portfolio Manager-Pacific Equities Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Purchase and sale of fund shares
The fund is open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.
 
You may invest directly in the fund by placing purchase, exchange and redemption orders through the fund’s transfer agent. Investors must contact the transfer agent by phone or in writing to obtain an account application. Investors may contact the transfer agent:
 
  •  by telephone at 1-800-447-3332; or
 
  •  by mail in writing at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Funds, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266.
 
When you place orders to purchase, exchange or redeem fund shares through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) or another financial intermediary, you must follow Schwab’s or the other financial intermediary’s transaction procedures.
 
                 
    Minimum initial
    Subsequent
 
Name of class   fund investment     investment  
Institutional
  $ 500,000       None  
Select
  $ 50,000       None  
Investor
  $ 100       None  
 
The fund may waive the minimum initial investment for certain investors.
 
Tax information
Dividends and capital gains distributions received from the fund will generally be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Payments to financial intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
 
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Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
             
Ticker Symbols   Investor Shares: LEMIX   Select Shares: LEMSX   Institutional Shares: LEMNX
             

 
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
Fund fees and expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund.
 
             
 Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)   Institutional   Select   Investor
 
Redemption fee (as a % of the amount sold or exchanged within 30 days of purchase)   2.00   2.00   2.00
             
             
 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fees   1.20   1.20   1.20
Distribution (12b-1) fees   None   None   0.25
Other expenses   0.49   0.57   0.63
             
Total annual fund operating expenses   1.69   1.77   2.08
Less expense reduction   (0.24)   (0.25)   (0.28)
             
Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction1   1.45   1.52   1.80
             
 
1  The investment adviser has agreed to limit the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, and certain non-routine expenses) of the fund to 1.45%, 1.52%, and 1.80% for the Institutional, Select and Investor classes, respectively, until at least July 30, 2012. During this term, the agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the fund’s Board of Trustees. Any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to the investment adviser during the next two fiscal years to the extent that the repayment will not cause the fund’s total annual fund operating expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the agreement) during the respective year. The investment adviser may, but is not required to, extend the agreement for additional years.
 
 Example
 
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The one-year figures are based on total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction. The expenses would be the same whether you stayed in the fund or sold your shares at the end of each period. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.
 
 Expenses on a $10,000 investment
 
                                 
    1 year   3 years   5 years   10 years
Institutional
  $ 148     $ 485     $   872     $ 1,957  
Select
  $ 155     $ 507     $   911     $ 2,041  
Investor
  $ 183     $ 596     $ 1,066     $ 2,365  
 
 Portfolio turnover
 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 44% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
 
 
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Principal investment strategies
The fund is an international fund and generally invests in large capitalization equity securities of emerging market companies, as described below, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The subadviser currently defines companies with large market capitalizations generally, as those with market capitalizations of $3.5 billion or more at the time of purchase. This level is subject to market movements and is regularly reviewed by the subadviser. The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. Typically, the fund invests in securities of approximately 30-40 companies.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in the securities of emerging markets issuers.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide high total return over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term total return. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index. Although this is not an exclusive list, the subadviser considers an emerging country security to be one that is issued by a company that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: (1) its principal securities trading market is in an emerging country, as defined above; (2) while traded in any market, alone or on a consolidated basis, the company derives 50% or more of its annual revenues or annual profits from either goods produced, sales made or services performed in emerging countries; (3) the company has 50% of more of its assets located in an emerging country; or (4) it is organized under the laws of, and has a principal office in, an emerging country.
 
The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. The fund may actively carry on hedging activities, and may invest in forward foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency. The fund may invest in derivative instruments, principally futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and may increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. The fund’s principal risks include:
 
Market risk. Equity markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor stock selection or a focus on securities in a particular sector may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
 
 
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Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. In addition, equity markets tend to move in cycles, which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large-cap risk. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — mid- or small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s large-cap holdings could reduce performance.
 
Foreign investment risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions; changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges); differing accounting, auditing, financial reporting and legal standards and practices; differing securities market structures; and higher transaction costs. These risks may be heightened in connection with investments in emerging markets.
 
Emerging market risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Such countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries.
 
Derivatives risk. The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, investments in derivatives may involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in derivatives can have a disproportionately larger impact on the fund.
 
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. When the fund invests in an ETF, it will bear a proportionate share of the ETF’s expenses. In addition, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities.
 
Liquidity risk. A particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell. The fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price.
 
Your investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
 
For more information on the risks of investing in the fund please see the “Fund details” section in the prospectus.
 
 
 
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Performance
The bar chart below shows how the fund’s investment results have varied from year to year, and the following table shows how the fund’s average annual total returns for various periods compared to that of an index. This information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. All figures assume distributions were reinvested. Keep in mind that future performance (both before and after taxes) may differ from past performance. For current performance information, please see www.laudus.com/prospectus.
 
 Annual total returns (%) as of 12/31
 
Investor Shares
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 30.77% Q2 2009          
Worst quarter: (24.80%) Q4 2008
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) of the fund’s Investor Shares as of 6/30/2010: (6.96%)
 
 Average annual total returns (%) as of 12/31/09
 
                 
          Since
 
          Inception
 
    1 year     (11/2/07)  
Investor Shares
               
Before taxes
    66.67%       (4.88% )
After taxes on distributions
    66.65%       (4.98% )
After taxes on distributions and sale of shares
    43.93%       (4.10% )
Select Shares®
               
Before taxes
    67.15%       (4.59% )
Institutional Shares
               
Before taxes
    67.52%       (4.54% )
Comparative Index (reflects no deduction for expenses or taxes)
               
MSCI Emerging Markets Index (Net)
    78.51%       (10.16% )
 
The after-tax figures reflect the highest individual federal income tax rates in effect during the period and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. The after-tax figures are shown for one share class only, and would be different for the other share classes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation. In addition, after-tax returns are not relevant if you hold your fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Investment adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited
 
Portfolio managers
Andrew Miller, Senior Portfolio Manager-Global Emerging Markets Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Ginny Chong, Senior Portfolio Manager-Global Emerging Markets Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
 
 
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Purchase and sale of fund shares
The fund is open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open.
 
You may invest directly in the fund by placing purchase, exchange and redemption orders through the fund’s transfer agent. Investors must contact the transfer agent by phone or in writing to obtain an account application. Investors may contact the transfer agent:
 
  •  by telephone at 1-800-447-3332; or
 
  •  by mail in writing at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Funds, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266.
 
When you place orders to purchase, exchange or redeem fund shares through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) or another financial intermediary, you must follow Schwab’s or the other financial intermediary’s transaction procedures.
 
                 
    Minimum initial
    Subsequent
 
Name of class   fund investment     investment  
Institutional
  $ 500,000       None  
Select
  $ 50,000       None  
Investor
  $ 100       None  
 
The fund may waive the minimum initial investment for certain investors.
 
Tax information
Dividends and capital gains distributions received from the fund will generally be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Payments to financial intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
 
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Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
             
Ticker Symbol:   LIFNX        
             

 
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term total return consistent with its value-oriented investment approach.
 
Fund fees and expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund.
 
     
 Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
 
Redemption fee (as a % of the amount sold or exchanged within 30 days of purchase)   2.00
     
     
 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fees   0.60
Distribution (12b-1) fees   None
Other expenses   0.19
     
Total annual fund operating expenses   0.79
Less expense reduction   (0.04)
     
Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction1   0.75
     
 
1  The investment adviser has agreed to limit the total annual fund operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, and certain non-routine expenses) of the fund to 0.75% until at least July 30, 2012. During this term, the agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the fund’s Board of Trustees. Any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to the investment adviser during the next two fiscal years to the extent that the repayment will not cause the fund’s total annual fund operating expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the agreement) during the respective year. The investment adviser may, but is not required to, extend the agreement for additional years.
 
 Example
 
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The one-year figure is based on total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction. The expenses would be the same whether you stayed in the fund or sold your shares at the end of each period. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.
 
 Expenses on a $10,000 investment
 
             
1 year   3 years   5 years   10 years
$77
  $244   $431   $970
 
 Portfolio turnover
 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 67% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
 
 
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Principal investment strategies
The fund invests primarily in fixed income securities that may also provide the potential for capital appreciation. The fund is an international fund that invests primarily in issuers that are organized, have a majority of their assets or derive most of their operating income outside of the United States. As such, it may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. Under normal circumstances, the fund intends to invest in securities which are denominated in foreign currencies. Securities of issuers within a given country may be denominated in the currency of such country, in the currency of another country or in multinational currency units, such as the euro. The fund will attempt to achieve its objective by investing in a broad range of fixed income securities, including debt obligations of governments, their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions and companies. They will generally be rated, at the time of investment, BBB or better by S&P or Moody’s or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the subadviser. The fund may invest up to 5% of its assets (determined at time of purchase) in fixed-income securities rated below investment grade (sometimes called junk bonds), including government securities as discussed below. It is anticipated that no more than 25% of the fund’s assets (determined at time of purchase) will be invested in corporate debt obligations under normal circumstances.
 
The fund may invest up to 5% of its assets (determined at time of purchase) in emerging markets. The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is oriented to country selection and is value driven. In selecting fixed income instruments for the fund, the subadviser identifies those countries’ fixed income markets that it believes will provide the United States domiciled investor the highest yield over a market cycle while also offering the opportunity for capital gain and currency appreciation. The subadviser conducts extensive fundamental research on a global basis, and it is through this effort that attractive fixed income markets are selected for investment. The core of the fundamental research effort is a value-oriented prospective real yield approach which looks at today’s yield in each market and subtracts from it forecasted inflation for the next two years to identify value as a forward looking potential real yield. Comparisons of the values of different possible investments are then made. The higher the prospective real yield the higher the relative allocation and conversely the lower the prospective real yield the lower the allocation or even a zero allocation.
 
The fund may also invest in zero coupon bonds, and in the debt securities of supranational entities denominated in any currency. The fund also may invest in securities issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
 
The fund may actively carry on hedging activities, and may utilize a wide range of derivative instruments, including options, futures contracts and related options, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge currency risks associated with its portfolio securities. This hedging may be in the form of cross hedging. Hedging and cross hedging may be used to identify value opportunities in the currency markets. The fund may also use derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
It is anticipated that the average weighted maturity of the fund will be in the three- to 10-year range. If the subadviser anticipates a declining interest rate environment, the average weighted maturity may be extended beyond 10 years. Conversely, if the subadviser anticipates a rising rate environment, the average weighted maturity may be shortened to less than three years.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and may increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. The fund’s principal risks include:
 
Market risk. Bond markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor bond selection or a focus on a particular region may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities of a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
 
 
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Interest rate risk. Interest rates will risk and fall over time. During periods when interest rates are low, the fund’s yield and total return also may be low. The longer the fund’s duration, the more sensitive to interest rate movements its share price is likely to be.
 
Credit risk. The fund is subject to the risk that a decline in the credit quality of a portfolio investment could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Securities rated below investment grade (junk bonds) involve greater risk of price declines than investment grade securities due to actual or perceived changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness.
 
Prepayment and extension risk. The fund’s investments are subject to the risk that the securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower-than-market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price.
 
Foreign investment risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions; changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges); differing accounting, auditing, financial reporting and legal standards and practices; differing securities market structures; and higher transaction costs. These risks may be heightened in connection with investments in emerging markets.
 
Emerging market risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Such countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries.
 
Derivatives risk. The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, investments in derivatives may involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in derivatives can have a disproportionately larger impact on the fund.
 
Securities lending risk. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent.
 
Liquidity risk. A particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell. The fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price.
 
Your investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
 
For more information on the risks of investing in the fund please see the “Fund details” section in the prospectus.
 
 
 
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Performance
The bar chart below shows how the fund’s investment results have varied from year to year, and the following table shows how the fund’s average annual total returns for various periods compared to that of an index. This information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. All figures assume distributions were reinvested. Keep in mind that future performance (both before and after taxes) may differ from past performance. For current performance information, please see www.laudus.com/prospectus. On July 29, 2009, the Investor Share class, Select Share class and Institutional Share class were combined into a single class of shares of the fund, and the fund no longer offers multiple classes of shares. The performance history of the fund is that of the fund’s former Institutional Shares. Accordingly, the past performance information of the fund’s former Institutional Shares is shown below.
 
 Annual total returns (%) as of 12/31
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 11.42% Q1 2008          
Worst quarter: (5.69%) Q2 2008
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) as of 6/30/2010: (1.85%)
 
 Average annual total returns (%) as of 12/31/09
 
                 
          Since
 
          Inception
 
    1 year     (11/2/07)  
Before taxes
    7.62%       9.38%  
After taxes on distributions
    6.09%       8.03%  
After taxes on distributions and sale of shares
    4.97%       7.24%  
Comparative Index (reflects no deduction for expenses or taxes)
               
Citigroup non-U.S. Dollar World Government Bond Index
    4.39%       7.36%  
 
The after-tax figures reflect the highest individual federal income tax rates in effect during the period and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation. In addition, after-tax returns are not relevant if you hold your fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Investment adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited
 
Portfolio managers
Christopher Moth, Director and Chief Investment Officer for Global Fixed Income and Currency of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
David Wakefield, Senior Portfolio Manager-Global Fixed Income Team of the subadviser, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since its inception.
 
Purchase and sale of fund shares
The fund is open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. The minimum initial investment is $100 and there is no subsequent investment minimum. The fund may waive the minimum initial investment for certain investors.
 
 
 
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You may invest directly in the fund by placing purchase, exchange and redemption orders through the fund’s transfer agent. Investors must contact the transfer agent by phone or in writing to obtain an account application. Investors may contact the transfer agent:
 
  •  by telephone at 1-800-447-3332; or
 
  •  by mail in writing at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Funds, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266.
 
When you place orders to purchase, exchange or redeem fund shares through Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) or another financial intermediary, you must follow Schwab’s or the other financial intermediary’s transaction procedures.
 
Tax information
Dividends and capital gains distributions received from the fund will generally be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Payments to financial intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
 
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Fund details
Investment objectives, strategies and risks
 
 
The following is a description of the investment objectives, investment strategies and principal risks of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund, Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund and Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund. Except as explicitly described otherwise, the investment objective and policies of each of the funds may be changed without shareholder approval.
 
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
The fund’s investment objective is not fundamental, and therefore, may be changed by the fund’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
 
Investment strategies
The fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in equity securities of non-U.S. large capitalization issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unregistered funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
 
For purposes of investments to be made by the fund, large capitalization companies are currently defined by the subadviser to mean issuers that have a market capitalization of more than $6.5 billion at the time of purchase. This level is subject to market movements and is regularly reviewed by the subadviser. The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. Typically, the fund invests in securities of approximately 30-40 companies.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide capital appreciation over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term capital appreciation. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
Investments will be made mainly in marketable securities of companies located in developed countries including but not limited to Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The fund may also invest in securities of companies located in emerging countries.
 
The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index. In considering possible emerging countries in which the fund may invest, the subadviser places particular emphasis on certain factors, such as economic conditions (including growth trends, inflation rates and trade balances), regulatory and currency controls, accounting standards and political and social conditions.
 
Currency considerations carry a special risk for a portfolio of international securities. The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. Securities of issuers within a given country may be denominated in the currency of another country or in multinational currency units, including the euro. The subadviser primarily uses a
 
 
 
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purchasing power parity approach to evaluate currency risk. In this regard, the fund may carry out hedging activities and may invest in forward foreign currency contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency. Under normal circumstances, hedging is undertaken defensively back into the base currency of the fund.
 
The fund may also invest in debt securities issued by governments or by their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, or by corporate entities, all of which may be high-yield, high-risk fixed income securities rated below investment-grade (sometimes called junk bonds) or, if unrated, considered to be of equivalent quality by the subadviser. In addition, for temporary defensive purposes, the fund may invest in high-quality debt instruments.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, such as futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions. The turnover rate may also be affected by cash requirements from redemptions of the fund’s shares.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money.
 
Market risk. Stock and bond markets and the values of the securities owned by the fund rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. In addition, the equity market tends to move in cycles which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large-cap risk. Many of the risks of this fund are associated with its investments in the large-cap segments of the stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — bonds or small-cap stocks for instance — the fund’s performance also will lag those investments.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. The subadviser applies its own investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. These risks may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Foreign investment risk. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks that are more significant than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions, or changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges). In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. A fund with foreign investments may also experience more rapid or extreme changes in value than a fund that invests solely in securities of U.S. companies because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. There also is the risk that the cost of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
 
Foreign government securities can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a
 
 
 
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governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities also may depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt.
 
Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. It is sometimes difficult to obtain and enforce court judgments in such countries and there is often a greater potential for nationalization and/or expropriation of assets by the government of an emerging market country. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar.
 
Currency risk. As a result of its investments in securities denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the fund will be subject to currency risk. This is the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency hedged. In either event, the dollar value of an investment in the fund would be adversely affected. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate in response to factors extrinsic to that country’s economy, which makes the forecasting of currency market movements extremely difficult. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These can result in losses to the fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Forward contracts on foreign currencies are not traded on exchanges; rather, a bank or dealer will act as agent or as principal in order to make or take future delivery of a specified lot of a particular currency for the fund’s account. The fund is subject to the risk of a principal’s failure, inability or refusal to perform with respect to such contracts.
 
Interest rate risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. As with any investment whose yield reflects current interest rates, the fund’s yield will change over time. During periods when interest rates are low, the fund’s yield (and total return) also may be low. When interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall which could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The longer the fund’s duration, the more sensitive to interest rate movements its share price is likely to be.
 
Credit risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that a decline in the credit quality of a portfolio investment could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment or the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Securities rated below investment-grade (junk bonds) involve greater risks of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment-grade securities. Below investment-grade securities involve greater risk of price declines than investment-grade securities due to actual or perceived changes in an issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, issuers of below investment-grade securities may be more susceptible than other issuers to economic downturns. Such securities are subject to the risk that the issuer may not be able to pay interest or dividends and ultimately to repay principal upon maturity. Discontinuation of these payments could substantially adversely affect the market value of the securities.
 
Prepayment and extension risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that the securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower-than-market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. In addition, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of certain fixed income securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the fund may exhibit additional volatility. This is known as extension risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their fixed income securities sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the fund because the fund will have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. This is known as prepayment risk.
 
Convertible securities risk. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exercised for a prescribed amount of common stock at a specified time and price. Convertible securities provide an opportunity for equity participation, with the potential for a higher dividend or interest yield and lower price volatility compared to common stock. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and the credit
 
 
 
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standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
 
Derivatives risk. Examples of derivatives are options, futures, options on futures, swaps and warrants. An option is the right to buy or sell an instrument at a specific price before a specific date. A future is an agreement to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on a specific day. A swap is an agreement whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities and a predetermined amount. A credit default swap is an agreement in which the seller agrees to make a payment to the buyer in the event of a specified credit event in exchange for a fixed payment or series of fixed payments. A warrant is a security that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to subscribe for newly created equity issues of the issuing company or a related company at a fixed price either on a certain date or during a set period. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company.
 
The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Certain of these risks, such as liquidity risk, credit risk, leverage risk, market risk and management risk, are discussed elsewhere in this section. The fund’s use of derivatives is also subject to lack of availability risk, valuation risk, correlation risk and tax risk. Lack of availability risk is the risk that suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Valuation risk is the risk that a particular derivative may be valued incorrectly. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Tax risk is the risk that the use of derivatives may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gain. These risks could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. The fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When the fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses. Therefore, it may be more costly to own an ETF than to own the underlying securities directly. In addition, while the risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities.
 
REITs risk. The fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Risks commonly associated with the direct ownership of real estate include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds or other limits to accessing the credit or capital markets, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. In addition to the risks associated with investing in securities of real estate companies and real estate related companies, REITs are subject to certain additional risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the trusts, and mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and may have their investments in relatively few properties, or in a small geographic area or a single property type. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The failure of a company to qualify as a REIT under federal tax law may have adverse consequences to the fund. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, REITs have their own expenses, and the fund will bear a proportionate share of those expenses.
 
Leverage risk. Certain fund transactions, such as derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the fund to greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may cause the fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
 
Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. The market for certain investments may become illiquid due to specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or under adverse market or economic conditions independent of the issuer. The fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the
 
 
 
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returns of the fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Further, transactions in illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
 
Securities lending risk. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund also will receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities in a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
The fund’s investment objective is not fundamental, and therefore, may be changed by the fund’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
 
Investment strategies
The fund pursues its investment objective primarily by investing in equity securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), unregistered funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs).
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide capital appreciation over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term capital appreciation. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
Investments will be made mainly in marketable securities of companies located in developed countries including but not limited to Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The fund may also invest in securities of companies located in emerging countries.
 
The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country, except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index. In considering possible emerging countries in which the fund may invest, the subadviser places particular emphasis on certain factors, such as economic conditions (including growth trends, inflation rates and trade balances), regulatory and currency controls, accounting standards and political and social conditions.
 
Currency considerations carry a special risk for a portfolio of global securities. The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. Securities of issuers within a given country may be denominated in the currency of another country or in multinational currency units, including the euro. The subadviser primarily uses a
 
 
 
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purchasing power parity approach to evaluate currency risk. In this regard, the fund may carry out hedging activities, and may invest in forward foreign currency contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency. Under normal circumstances, hedging is undertaken defensively back into the base currency of the fund.
 
The fund may also invest in debt securities issued by governments or by their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions, or by corporate entities, all of which may be high-yield, high-risk fixed income securities rated below investment-grade (sometimes called junk bonds), or, if unrated, considered to be of equivalent quality by the subadviser. In addition, for temporary defensive purposes, the fund may invest in high-quality debt instruments.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, such as futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions. The turnover rate may also be affected by cash requirements from redemptions of the fund’s shares.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money.
 
Market risk. Stock and bond markets and the values of the securities owned by the fund rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. In addition, the equity market tends to move in cycles which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large- and mid-cap risk. Both large- and mid-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. However, stocks of mid-cap companies tend to be more volatile than those of large-cap companies because mid-cap companies tend to be more susceptible to adverse business or economic events than larger more established companies. During a period when large- and mid-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s performance could be reduced to the extent its portfolio is holding large-or mid-cap stocks.
 
Small-cap risk. Historically, small-cap stocks have been riskier than large-and mid-cap stocks. Stock prices of smaller companies may be based in substantial part on future expectations rather than current achievements and may move sharply, especially during market upturns and downturns. Small-cap companies themselves may be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic events than larger, more established companies. During a period when small-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — large-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s performance could be reduced to the extent its portfolio is holding small-cap stocks.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. The subadviser applies its own investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. These risks may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Foreign investment risk. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks that are more significant than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions, or changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges). In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. A fund with foreign investments may also experience more rapid or extreme changes in value than a fund that invests solely in securities of U.S. companies because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of
 
 
 
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companies representing a small number of industries. There also is the risk that the cost of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
 
Foreign government securities can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities also may depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt.
 
Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. It is sometimes difficult to obtain and enforce court judgments in such countries and there is often a greater potential for nationalization and/or expropriation of assets by the government of an emerging market country. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar.
 
Currency risk. As a result of its investments in securities denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the fund will be subject to currency risk. This is the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency hedged. In either event, the dollar value of an investment in the fund would be adversely affected. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate in response to factors extrinsic to that country’s economy, which makes the forecasting of currency market movements extremely difficult. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These can result in losses to the fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Forward contracts on foreign currencies are not traded on exchanges; rather, a bank or dealer will act as agent or as principal in order to make or take future delivery of a specified lot of a particular currency for the fund’s account. The fund is subject to the risk of a principal’s failure, inability or refusal to perform with respect to such contracts.
 
Interest rate risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. As with any investment whose yield reflects current interest rates, the fund’s yield will change over time. During periods when interest rates are low, the fund’s yield (and total return) also may be low. When interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall which could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The longer the fund’s duration, the more sensitive to interest rate movements its share price is likely to be.
 
Credit risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that a decline in the credit quality of a portfolio investment could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment or the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Securities rated below investment-grade (junk bonds) involve greater risks of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment-grade securities. Below investment-grade securities involve greater risk of price declines than investment-grade securities due to actual or perceived changes in an issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, issuers of below investment-grade securities may be more susceptible than other issuers to economic downturns. Such securities are subject to the risk that the issuer may not be able to pay interest or dividends and ultimately to repay principal upon maturity. Discontinuation of these payments could substantially adversely affect the market value of the securities.
 
Prepayment and extension risk. The fund’s investments in fixed income securities are subject to the risk that the securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower-than-market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. In addition, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of certain fixed income securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the fund may exhibit additional volatility. This is known as extension risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their fixed income securities sooner than expected. This can reduce the
 
 
 
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returns of the fund because the fund will have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. This is known as prepayment risk.
 
Convertible securities risk. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exercised for a prescribed amount of common stock at a specified time and price. Convertible securities provide an opportunity for equity participation, with the potential for a higher dividend or interest yield and lower price volatility compared to common stock. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
 
Derivatives risk. The fund may use derivatives to enhance returns or hedge against market declines. Examples of derivatives are options, futures, options on futures, swaps and warrants. An option is the right to buy or sell an instrument at a specific price before a specific date. A future is an agreement to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on a specific day. A swap is an agreement whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities and a predetermined amount. A credit default swap is an agreement in which the seller agrees to make a payment to the buyer in the event of a specified credit event in exchange for a fixed payment or series of fixed payments. A warrant is a security that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to subscribe for newly created equity issues of the issuing company or a related company at a fixed price either on a certain date or during a set period. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company.
 
The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Certain of these risks, such as liquidity risk, credit risk, leverage risk, market risk and management risk, are discussed elsewhere in this section. The fund’s use of derivatives is also subject to lack of availability risk, valuation risk, correlation risk and tax risk. Lack of availability risk is the risk that suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Valuation risk is the risk that a particular derivative may be valued incorrectly. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Tax risk is the risk that the use of derivatives may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gain. These risks could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. The fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When the fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses. Therefore, it may be more costly to own an ETF than to own the underlying securities directly. In addition, while the risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities.
 
REITs risk. The fund’s investments in REITs will be subject to the risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. Risks commonly associated with the direct ownership of real estate include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties, defaults by borrowers or tenants, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds or other limits to accessing the credit or capital markets, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, changes in interest rates and risks related to general or local economic conditions. In addition to the risks associated with investing in securities of real estate companies and real estate related companies, REITs are subject to certain additional risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the trusts, and mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. Further, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills and may have their investments in relatively few properties, or in a small geographic area or a single property type. REITs are also subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers and self-liquidation. In addition, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code, or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The failure of a company to qualify as a REIT under federal tax law may have adverse consequences to the fund. The above factors may also adversely affect a borrower’s or a lessee’s ability to meet its obligations to the REIT. In the event of a default by a borrower or lessee, the REIT may experience delays in enforcing its rights as a mortgagee or lessor and may incur substantial costs associated with protecting its investments. In addition, REITs have their own expenses, and the fund will bear a proportionate share of those expenses.
 
 
 
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Leverage risk. Certain fund transactions, such as derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the fund to greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may cause the fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
 
Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. The market for certain investments may become illiquid due to specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or under adverse market or economic conditions independent of the issuer. The fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Further, transactions in illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
 
Securities lending risk. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund also will receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.
 
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
The fund’s investment objective is not fundamental, and therefore, may be changed by the fund’s board of trustees without shareholder approval.
 
Investment strategies
The fund is an international fund and generally invests in large capitalization equity securities of emerging market companies, as described below, that, in the subadviser’s opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the subadviser. Normally, the fund will invest primarily in common stocks. The fund may also purchase other investment funds, including, but not limited to, registered funds, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The fund may purchase securities of non-U.S. issuers directly or indirectly in the form of American, European or Global depositary receipts or other securities representing underlying shares of non-U.S. issuers. The subadviser currently defines companies with large market capitalizations generally, as those with market capitalizations of $3.5 billion or more at the time of purchase. To the extent that the fund invests in convertible debt securities, those securities will be purchased on the basis of their equity characteristics, and ratings of those securities, if any, will not be an important factor in their selection. The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. Typically, the fund invests in securities of approximately 30-40 companies.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in the securities of emerging markets issuers. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is primarily oriented to individual stock selection and is value driven. In selecting stocks for the fund, the subadviser identifies those stocks that it believes will provide high total return over a market cycle, taking into consideration movements in the price of the individual security and the impact of currency fluctuation on a United States domiciled, dollar-based investor. The subadviser conducts fundamental research on a global basis in order to identify securities that, in the subadviser’s opinion, have the potential for long-term total return. This research effort generally centers on a value-oriented dividend discount methodology with respect to individual securities and market analysis that isolates value across country boundaries. The approach focuses on future anticipated dividends and discounts the value of those dividends back to what they would be worth if they were being received today. In addition, the analysis typically includes a comparison of the values and current market prices of different possible investments. The subadviser’s general management strategy emphasizes long-term holding of securities, although securities may be sold in the subadviser’s discretion without regard to the length of time they have been held.
 
The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index.
 
 
 
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In considering possible emerging countries in which the fund may invest, the subadviser will place particular emphasis on factors such as economic conditions (including growth trends, inflation rates, and trade balances), regulatory and currency controls, accounting standards, and political and social conditions.
 
Although this is not an exclusive list, the subadviser considers an emerging country security to be one that is issued by a company that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: (1) its principal securities trading market is in an emerging country, as defined above; (2) while traded in any market, alone or on a consolidated basis, the company derives 50% or more of its annual revenues or annual profits from either goods produced, sales made or services performed in emerging countries; (3) the company has 50% of more of its assets located in an emerging country; or (4) it is organized under the laws of, and has a principal office in, an emerging country. The subadviser determines eligibility based on publicly available information and inquiries made of the companies.
 
Currently, investing in many emerging countries is not feasible, or may, in the subadviser’s opinion, involve unacceptable political or governance risks. The fund focuses its investments in those emerging countries where the subadviser considers the economies to be developing strongly and where the markets are becoming more sophisticated.
 
The fund may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. Securities of issuers within a given country may be denominated in the currency of another country or in multinational currency units, including the euro. Currency considerations carry a special risk for a portfolio of international securities. The subadviser primarily uses a purchasing power parity approach to evaluate currency risk. In this regard, the fund may actively carry on hedging activities, and may invest in forward foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge currency risks associated with the purchase of individual securities denominated in a particular currency.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, such as futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money.
 
Market risk. Stock markets and the value of the investments owned by the fund rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Equity risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. In addition, the equity market tends to move in cycles which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. The subadviser applies its own investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. These risks may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Large-cap risk. Many of the risks of this fund are associated with its investments in the large-cap segments of the stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap stocks fall behind other types of investments — bonds or small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s performance also will lag those investments.
 
Foreign investment risk. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks that are more significant than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions, or changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges). In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. A fund with foreign
 
 
 
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investments may also experience more rapid or extreme changes in value than a fund that invests solely in securities of U.S. companies because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. There also is the risk that the cost of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
 
Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. It is sometimes difficult to obtain and enforce court judgments in such countries and there is often a greater potential for nationalization and/or expropriation of assets by the government of an emerging market country. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar.
 
Currency risk. As a result of its investments in securities denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the fund will be subject to currency risk. This is the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency hedged. In either event, the dollar value of an investment in the fund would be adversely affected. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate in response to factors extrinsic to that country’s economy, which makes the forecasting of currency market movements extremely difficult. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These can result in losses to the fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Forward contracts on foreign currencies are not traded on exchanges; rather, a bank or dealer will act as agent or as principal in order to make or take future delivery of a specified lot of a particular currency for the fund’s account. The fund is subject to the risk of a principal’s failure, inability or refusal to perform with respect to such contracts.
 
Derivatives risk. Examples of derivatives are options, futures, options on futures, swaps and warrants. An option is the right to buy or sell an instrument at a specific price before a specific date. A future is an agreement to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on a specific day. A swap is an agreement whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities and a predetermined amount. A credit default swap is an agreement in which the seller agrees to make a payment to the buyer in the event of a specified credit event in exchange for a fixed payment or series of fixed payments. A warrant is a security that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to subscribe for newly created equity issues of the issuing company or a related company at a fixed price either on a certain date or during a set period. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company.
 
The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Certain of these risks, such as liquidity risk, leverage risk, market risk and management risk, are discussed elsewhere in this section. The fund’s use of derivatives is also subject to credit risk, lack of availability risk, valuation risk, correlation risk and tax risk. Credit risk is the risk that the fund could lose money if the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Lack of availability risk is the risk that suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Valuation risk is the risk that a particular derivative may be valued incorrectly. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Tax risk is the risk that the use of derivatives may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gain. These risks could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested.
 
Exchange traded fund (ETF) risk. The fund may purchase shares of ETFs to gain exposure to a particular portion of the market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. When the fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing the expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses. Therefore, it may be more costly to own an ETF than to own the underlying securities directly. In addition, while the risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, lack of liquidity in an ETF can result in its value being more volatile than the underlying portfolio securities.
 
 
 
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Leverage risk. Certain fund transactions, such as derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the fund to greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may cause the fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
 
Convertible securities risk. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exercised for a prescribed amount of common stock at a specified time and price. Convertible securities provide an opportunity for equity participation, with the potential for a higher dividend or interest yield and lower price volatility compared to common stock. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
 
Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. The market for certain investments may become illiquid due to specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or under adverse market or economic conditions independent of the issuer. The fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Further, transactions in illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
 
Securities lending risk. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund also will receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral (if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities in a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term total return consistent with its value-oriented investment approach.
 
The fund’s investment objective is not fundamental, and therefore, may be changed by the fund’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
 
Investment strategies
The fund invests primarily in fixed income securities that may also provide the potential for capital appreciation. The fund is an international fund that invests primarily in issuers that are organized, have a majority of their assets or derive most of their operating income outside of the United States. As such, it may invest in securities issued in any currency and may hold foreign currency. Under normal circumstances, the fund intends to invest in securities which are denominated in foreign currencies. Securities of issuers within a given country may be denominated in the currency of such country, in the currency of another country or in multinational currency units, such as the euro. The fund will attempt to achieve its objective by investing in a broad range of fixed income securities, including debt obligations of governments, their agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions and companies. They will generally be rated, at the time of investment, BBB or better by S&P or Moody’s or, if unrated, are deemed to be of comparable quality by the subadviser. The fund may invest up to 5% of its assets (determined at time of purchase) in fixed-income securities rated below investment grade (sometimes called junk bonds), including government securities as discussed below. The fund may invest up to 5% of its assets (determined at time of purchase) in emerging markets. The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country except those in either the Citigroup Non-U.S. Dollar World Government Bond Index or the JP Morgan Government Bond Index Broad. It is anticipated that no more than 25% of the fund’s assets (determined at time of purchase) will be invested in corporate debt obligations under normal circumstances. The fund may also invest in sponsored or unsponsored American Depositary Receipts or European Depositary Receipts. While the fund may purchase securities of issuers in any foreign country, developed or developing, it is currently anticipated that the countries in which the fund may invest will include, but not be limited to, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
 
 
 
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Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States.
 
The fund is considered “non-diversified”, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers.
 
Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy.
 
The subadviser’s approach in selecting investments for the fund is oriented to country selection and is value driven. In selecting fixed income instruments for the fund, the subadviser identifies those countries’ fixed income markets that it believes will provide the United States domiciled investor the highest yield over a market cycle while also offering the opportunity for capital gain and currency appreciation. The subadviser conducts extensive fundamental research on a global basis, and it is through this effort that attractive fixed income markets are selected for investment. The core of the fundamental research effort is a value-oriented prospective real yield approach which looks at today’s yield in each market and subtracts from it forecasted inflation for the next two years to identify value as a forward looking potential real yield. Comparisons of the values of different possible investments are then made. The higher the prospective real yield the higher the relative allocation and conversely the lower the prospective real yield the lower the allocation or even a zero allocation.
 
The fund may also invest in zero coupon bonds, and in the debt securities of supranational entities denominated in any currency. A supranational entity is an entity established or financially supported by the national governments of one or more countries to promote reconstruction or development. Examples of supranational entities include, among others, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (more commonly known as the World Bank), the European Economic Community, the European Investment Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Asian Development Bank. For increased safety, the fund currently anticipates that a large percentage of its assets will be invested in foreign government securities and securities of supranational entities.
 
With respect to U.S. Government securities, the fund may invest in securities guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the U.S. Government, and those of its agencies or instrumentalities which are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, such as Ginnie Mae. The fund also may invest in securities issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
 
Currency considerations carry a special risk for a portfolio of international securities. The subadviser uses a purchasing power parity approach to evaluate currency risk. In this regard, the fund may actively carry on hedging activities, and may utilize a wide range of hedging instruments, including options, futures contracts and related options, and forward foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge currency risks associated with its portfolio securities. This hedging may be in the form of cross hedging where currency is the U.S. dollar. Hedging and cross hedging may be used to identify value opportunities in the currency markets.
 
It is anticipated that the average weighted maturity of the fund will be in the three- to 10-year range. If the subadviser anticipates a declining interest rate environment, the average weighted maturity may be extended beyond 10 years. Conversely, if the subadviser anticipates a rising rate environment, the average weighted maturity may be shortened to less than three years.
 
The fund may invest in derivative instruments, such as futures contracts. The fund typically uses derivatives as a substitute for taking a position in the underlying asset or as part of a strategy designed to reduce exposure to other risks. The fund may lend its securities to certain financial institutions to earn additional income.
 
The fund may buy and sell portfolio securities actively. As a result, the fund’s portfolio turnover rate and transaction costs will rise, which may lower fund performance and increase the likelihood of capital gain distributions. The turnover rate may also be affected by cash requirements from redemptions of the fund’s shares.
 
For temporary defensive purposes, during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money.
 
Market risk. Bond markets and the values of the securities owned by the fund rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. The subadviser applies its own investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the
 
 
 
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fund, but there can be no guarantee that they will produce the desired results. These risks may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Debt securities risk. Bond prices generally fall when interest rates rise. Bonds with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to this risk. Fund performance also could be affected if an issuer or guarantor of a bond held by the fund fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Lower-quality bonds are considered speculative with respect to its issuer’s ability to make timely payments or otherwise honor its obligations. In addition, prices of lower-quality bonds tend to be more volatile than those of investment-grade bonds, and may fall based on bad news about the issuer, an industry or the overall economy. Mortgage- or asset-backed securities are subject to the risk that these bonds may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower than market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. Also, bonds of foreign issuers may be more volatile than those of comparable bonds from U.S. issuers, for reasons ranging from limited issuer information to the risk of political upheaval. The fund’s use of mortgage dollar rolls could cause the fund to lose money if the price of the mortgage-backed securities sold fall below the agreed upon repurchase price, or if the counterparty is unable to honor the agreement.
 
Interest rate risk. The fund is subject to the risk that interest rates rise and fall over time. As with any investment whose yield reflects current interest rates, the fund’s yield will change over time. During periods when interest rates are low, the fund’s yield (and total return) also may be low. When interest rates rise, bond prices usually fall which could cause the fund’s share price to fall. The longer the fund’s duration, the more sensitive to interest rate movements its share price is likely to be.
 
Credit risk. The fund is subject to the risk that a decline in the credit quality of a portfolio investment could cause the fund’s share price to fall. Although the fund invests primarily in investment-grade securities, the fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a portfolio investment or the counterparty to a derivatives contract fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Securities rated below investment-grade (junk bonds) involve greater risks of default or downgrade and are more volatile than investment-grade securities. Below investment-grade securities involve greater risk of price declines than investment-grade securities due to actual or perceived changes in an issuer’s creditworthiness. In addition, issuers of below investment-grade securities may be more susceptible than other issuers to economic downturns. Such securities are subject to the risk that the issuer may not be able to pay interest or dividends and ultimately to repay principal upon maturity. Discontinuation of these payments could substantially adversely affect the market value of the securities.
 
U.S. Government securities credit risk. The fund invests in securities which are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The fund may also invest in securities that are not guaranteed or insured by the U.S. Government. Issuers of securities such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Student Loan Marketing Association and the FHLB are supported by limited lines of credit maintained by their issuers with the U.S. Treasury. Other securities, such as obligations issued by the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation, are supported solely by the credit of their issuer. There can be no assurance that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to securities of its agencies and instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so under law. Therefore, the fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of these investments fails to make timely principal or interest payments or otherwise honor its obligations. Also, any government guarantees on securities the fund owns do not extend to shares of the fund themselves.
 
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. The actions of the U.S. Treasury are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations, preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives will be successful.
 
Prepayment and extension risk. The fund’s investments are subject to the risk that the securities may be paid off earlier or later than expected. Either situation could cause the fund to hold securities paying lower-than-market rates of interest, which could hurt the fund’s yield or share price. In addition, rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of certain fixed income securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, the fund may exhibit additional volatility. This is known as extension risk. When interest rates decline, borrowers may pay off their fixed income securities sooner than expected. This can reduce the returns of the fund because the fund will have to reinvest that money at the lower prevailing interest rates. This is known as prepayment risk.
 
Foreign investment risk. Investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks that are more significant than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions, or changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges). In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more
 
 
 
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limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and at times more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. A fund with foreign investments may also experience more rapid or extreme changes in value than a fund that invests solely in securities of U.S. companies because the securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. There also is the risk that the cost of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
 
Sovereign debt risk. Foreign government securities can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities also may depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt.
 
Emerging markets risk. Emerging markets may be more likely to experience political turmoil or rapid changes in market or economic conditions than more developed countries. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements, unreliable securities valuation and greater risk associated with the custody of securities. It is sometimes difficult to obtain and enforce court judgments in such countries and there is often a greater potential for nationalization and/or expropriation of assets by the government of an emerging market country. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility associated with the fund’s investments in emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar.
 
Currency risk. As a result of its investments in securities denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the fund will be subject to currency risk. This is the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. Dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. Dollar will decline in value relative to the currency hedged. In either event, the dollar value of an investment in the fund would be adversely affected. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate in response to factors extrinsic to that country’s economy, which makes the forecasting of currency market movements extremely difficult. Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention (or failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These can result in losses to the fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Forward contracts on foreign currencies are not traded on exchanges; rather, a bank or dealer will act as agent or as principal in order to make or take future delivery of a specified lot of a particular currency for the fund’s account. The fund is subject to the risk of a principal’s failure, inability or refusal to perform with respect to such contracts.
 
Derivatives risk. Examples of derivatives are options, futures, options on futures, swaps and warrants. An option is the right to buy or sell an instrument at a specific price before a specific date. A future is an agreement to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on a specific day. A swap is an agreement whereby two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities and a predetermined amount. A credit default swap is an agreement in which the seller agrees to make a payment to the buyer in the event of a specified credit event in exchange for a fixed payment or series of fixed payments. A warrant is a security that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to subscribe for newly created equity issues of the issuing company or a related company at a fixed price either on a certain date or during a set period. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company.
 
The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Certain of these risks, such as liquidity risk, credit risk, leverage risk, market risk and management risk, are discussed elsewhere in this section. The fund’s use of derivatives is also subject to lack of availability risk, valuation risk, correlation risk and tax risk. Lack of availability risk is the risk that suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Valuation
 
 
 
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risk is the risk that a particular derivative may be valued incorrectly. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Tax risk is the risk that the use of derivatives may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gain. These risks could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested.
 
Leverage risk. Certain fund transactions, such as derivatives, may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the fund to greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may cause the fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
 
Liquidity risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. The market for certain investments may become illiquid due to specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or under adverse market or economic conditions independent of the issuer. The fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Further, transactions in illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
 
Convertible securities risk. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other security that may be converted into or exercised for a prescribed amount of common stock at a specified time and price. Convertible securities provide an opportunity for equity participation, with the potential for a higher dividend or interest yield and lower price volatility compared to common stock. The value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and the credit standing of the issuer. The price of a convertible security will also normally vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of the conversion or exercise feature.
 
Securities lending risk. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund also will receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.
 
Non-diversification risk. The fund is non-diversified and, as such, may invest a greater percentage of its assets in the securities in a single issuer than a fund that is diversified. A non-diversified fund is more susceptible to risks associated with a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than a diversified fund.
 
Portfolio holdings
The funds may make various types of portfolio securities information available to shareholders. The funds generally post a detailed list of the securities held by each fund at www.laudus.com/prospectus (under “Portfolio Holdings”), as of the most recent calendar quarter-end. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter remaining posted until at least the following calendar quarter. The funds also post in the “Analysis & Commentary” section of the website fund fact sheets containing certain summary portfolio attributes, including top ten holdings, approximately 20-30 days after the end of the calendar quarter. The Trust may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of a fund. Further, information regarding the funds’ policy and procedures on the disclosure of portfolio securities information is available in the SAI. In addition, shareholders can learn more about the availability of portfolio securities information by calling the funds at 1-800-447-3332.
 
 
 
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Financial highlights
 
This section provides further details about the financial history of each share class of each fund for its period of operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. “Total return” shows the percentage that an investor in a fund would have earned or lost during a given period, assuming all distributions were reinvested. The funds’ independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, audited these figures. Their full report is included in the funds’ annual report (see back cover).
 
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
 
                     
    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Investor Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.43       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.18 2     0.07      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.02       (4.59 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.20       (4.52 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.11 )     (0.05 )    
Distributions from net realized gains
          (0.00 )3    
                     
Total distributions
    (0.11 )     (0.05 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    7.52       5.43      
                     
Total return (%)
    40.53       (45.31 )4    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.40       1.39 5,6    
Gross operating expenses
    1.60       2.78 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.47       2.46 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    14       8 4    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    403       168      
 
                     
    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Select Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.44       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.18 2     0.12      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.03       (4.63 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.21       (4.51 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.12 )     (0.05 )    
Distributions from net realized gains
          (0.00 )3    
                     
Total distributions
    (0.12 )     (0.05 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    7.53       5.44      
                     
Total return (%)
    40.68       (45.16 )4    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.12       1.12 5    
Gross operating expenses
    1.31       3.10 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.43       2.22 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    14       8 4    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    458       90      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Distribution from realized gains is less than 0.01.
 
4 Not annualized.
 
5 Annualized.
 
6 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.40% for the Investor Shares, if custody credits had not been included.
 
 
 
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    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Institutional Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.44       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.21 2     0.08      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.02       (4.59 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.23       (4.51 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.13 )     (0.05 )    
Distributions from net realized gains
          (0.00 )3    
                     
Total distributions
    (0.13 )     (0.05 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    7.54       5.44      
                     
Total return (%)
    40.90       (45.15 )4    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.05       1.05 5    
Gross operating expenses
    1.24       2.11 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.90       2.52 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    14       8 4    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    85,424       18,694      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Distribution from realized gains is less than 0.01.
 
4 Not annualized.
 
5 Annualized.
 
 
 
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Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
 
                     
    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Investor Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.68       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.17 2     0.17      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.38       (4.27 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.55       (4.10 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.18 )     (0.22 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    8.05       5.68      
                     
Total return (%)
    44.94       (41.35 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.39       1.40 4    
Gross operating expenses
    5.30       4.43 4    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.30       2.63 4    
Portfolio turnover rate
    22       14 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    80       34      
 
                     
    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Select Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.68       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.19 2     0.16      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.39       (4.25 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.58       (4.09 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.20 )     (0.23 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    8.06       5.68      
                     
Total return (%)
    45.43       (41.27 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.11       1.12 4    
Gross operating expenses
    5.13       4.27 4    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.59       2.89 4    
Portfolio turnover rate
    22       14 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    182       33      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 Annualized.
 
 
 
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    4/1/09–
    6/17/081
     
Institutional Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09      
Per-Share Data ($)
                   
                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.68       10.00      
                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.20 2     0.16      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.38       (4.25 )    
                     
Total from investment operations
    2.58       (4.09 )    
Less distributions:
                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.20 )     (0.23 )    
                     
Net asset value at end of period
    8.06       5.68      
                     
Total return (%)
    45.49       (41.25 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                   
                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                   
Net operating expenses
    1.03       1.05 4    
Gross operating expenses
    4.96       4.08 4    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.68       2.74 4    
Portfolio turnover rate
    22       14 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    4,132       2,840      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 Annualized.
 
 
 
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Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
 
                             
    4/1/09–
    4/1/08–
    11/2/071
     
Investor Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09     3/31/08      
Per-Share Data ($)
                           
                             
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.33       9.29       10.00      
                             
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                           
Net investment income (loss)
    0.09 2     0.11       0.02      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    3.46       (4.01 )     (0.72 )    
                             
Total from investment operations
    3.55       (3.90 )     (0.70 )    
Less distributions:
                           
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.09 )     (0.06 )     (0.01 )    
                             
Net asset value at end of period
    8.79       5.33       9.29      
                             
Total return (%)
    66.74       (42.02 )     (6.98 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                           
                             
Ratios to average net assets:
                           
Net operating expenses
    1.81 4     1.80       1.82 5,6    
Gross operating expenses
    2.08       2.46       2.79 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    1.17       1.54       0.89 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    44       52       49 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    9,437       1,927       1,937      
 
                             
    4/1/09–
    4/1/08–
    11/2/071
     
Select Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09     3/31/08      
Per-Share Data ($)
                           
                             
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.34       9.31       10.00      
                             
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                           
Net investment income (loss)
    0.10 2     0.08       0.02      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    3.47       (3.97 )     (0.70 )    
                             
Total from investment operations
    3.57       (3.89 )     (0.68 )    
Less distributions:
                           
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.11 )     (0.08 )     (0.01 )    
                             
Net asset value at end of period
    8.80       5.34       9.31      
                             
Total return (%)
    66.91       (41.82 )     (6.75 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                           
                             
Ratios to average net assets:
                           
Net operating expenses
    1.53 7     1.52       1.54 5,8    
Gross operating expenses
    1.78       2.23       2.74 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    1.17       1.70       0.69 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    44       52       49 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    4,531       559       760      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.80% if certain non-routine expenses (proxy expense) had not been incurred.
 
5 Annualized.
 
6 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.80%, if interest expense had not been included.
 
7 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.52% if certain non-routine expenses (proxy expense) had not been incurred.
 
8 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.52%, if interest expense had not been included.
 
 
 
Financial highlights 41


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    4/1/09–
    4/1/08–
    11/2/071
     
Institutional Shares   3/31/10     3/31/09     3/31/08      
Per-Share Data ($)
                           
                             
Net asset value at beginning of period
    5.33       9.29       10.00      
                             
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                           
Net investment income (loss)
    0.14 2     0.10       0.02      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    3.44       (3.98 )     (0.71 )    
                             
Total from investment operations
    3.58       (3.88 )     (0.69 )    
Less distributions:
                           
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.11 )     (0.08 )     (0.02 )    
                             
Net asset value at end of period
    8.80       5.33       9.29      
                             
Total return (%)
    67.27       (41.78 )     (6.94 )3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                           
                             
Ratios to average net assets:
                           
Net operating expenses
    1.46 4     1.45       1.47 5,6    
Gross operating expenses
    1.70       2.13       2.62 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    1.79       1.94       0.59 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    44       52       49 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    90,486       25,234       19,414      
 
 
1 Commencement of operations.
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.45% if certain non-routine expenses (proxy expense) had not been incurred.
 
5 Annualized.
 
6 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 1.45%, if interest expense had not been included.
 
 
 
42 Financial highlights


Table of Contents

Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
 
On July 27, 2009, the Investor Share class, Select Share class and Institutional Share class were combined into a single class of shares of the fund and the fund no longer offered multiple classes of shares. The performance and financial history of the fund is that of the fund’s former Institutional Shares. Accordingly, the financial highlights of the fund’s former Institutional Shares are shown below.
 
                             
    4/1/09–
    4/1/08–
    11/2/072
     
    3/31/101     3/31/09     3/31/08      
Per-Share Data ($)
                           
                             
Net asset value at beginning of period
    10.32       11.29       10.00      
                             
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                           
Net investment income (loss)
    0.26       0.27       0.07      
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    1.06       (0.86 )     1.27      
                             
Total from investment operations
    1.32       (0.59 )     1.34      
Less distributions:
                           
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.42 )     (0.38 )     (0.05 )    
Distributions from net realized gains
    (0.02 )                
                             
Total distributions
    (0.44 )     (0.38 )     (0.05 )    
                             
Net asset value at end of period
    11.20       10.32       11.29      
                             
Total return (%)
    12.85       (5.40 )     13.42 3    
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                           
                             
Ratios to average net assets:
                           
Net operating expenses
    0.76 4     0.75       0.75 5    
Gross operating expenses
    0.79       0.87       1.23 5    
Net investment income (loss)
    2.42       2.24       1.98 5    
Portfolio turnover rate
    67       92       1 3    
Net assets, end of period ($ × 1,000)
    279,274       64,562       52,214      
 
 
1 Effective July 27, 2009, all outstanding Investor Shares and Select Shares were converted into Institutional Shares. The figures in the Financial Highlights reflect only the remaining share class.
 
2 Commencement of operations.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 The ratio of net operating expenses would have been 0.75% if certain non-routine expenses (proxy expense) had not been incurred.
 
5 Annualized.
 
 
 
Financial highlights 43


Table of Contents

 
Performance information on the subadviser’s other accounts
 
 
Performance information for the subadviser’s other focused international equity accounts
 
The subadviser also serves as adviser to other focused international equity accounts (Other International Equity Accounts) that have investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund. The information below does not represent the historical performance of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund and should not be considered a prediction of its future performance. The performance of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund may vary from the performance of the Other International Equity Accounts. The performance information shown below is based on a composite of all of Mondrian’s accounts with investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund and has been adjusted to give effect to the annualized net expenses of the Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund (as set forth in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table, above). None of the Other International Equity Accounts have been registered under the 1940 Act and therefore they are not subject to certain investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. If the Other International Equity Accounts had been registered under the 1940 Act, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. In addition, the Other International Equity Accounts were not subject to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If the Other International Equity Accounts had been subject to Subchapter M, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. As noted below, the returns in the bar chart reflect adjustments for the fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, which has a higher expense ratio than the Select Shares and Institutional Shares.
 
The bar chart and table below show:
 
•  Changes in the Other International Equity Accounts’ performance from year to year since inception; and
 
•  How the Other International Equity Accounts’ average annual returns over one year, five years and since inception compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Yearly performance (%)
 
Other International Equity Accounts (Adjusted for Fees and Net Expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund)
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 23.33% Q2 2003
Worst quarter: (21.00%) Q3 2002
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) of the Other International Equity Accounts (adjusted for fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund) as of 6/30/2010: (16.25%)
 
 
 
44 Performance information on the subadviser’s other accounts


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Performance table
This table shows how the Other International Equity Accounts’ performance compares with the returns of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Average annual total returns (for periods ending December 31, 2009)1
 
                         
    Past
    Past
    Since
 
    one year     five years     inception  
Other International Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Institutional Shares)
    22.61%       4.36%       7.21% 3
Other International Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Select Shares)
    22.52%       4.28%       7.13% 3
Other International Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Investor Shares)
    22.19%       3.99%       6.84% 3
MSCI EAFE (Net) Index2
    31.78%       3.54%       2.65% 4
 
1  All returns are stated before the imposition of taxes. After-tax returns would be lower than those shown.
2  Reflects dividends reinvested monthly, net of the withholding taxes and net of tax credit for foreigners not benefitting from any double taxation treaty. The Morgan Stanley Capital International Europe, Australasia, Far East (MSCI EAFE) (Net) Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure market equity performance in 21 developed countries, excluding the U.S. and Canada.
3  Inception: September 30, 2000.
4  From: September 30, 2000.
 
Performance information for the subadviser’s other global equity accounts
 
The subadviser also serves as adviser to other global equity accounts (Other Global Equity Accounts) that have investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund. The information below does not represent the historical performance of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund and should not be considered a prediction of its future performance. The performance of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund may vary from the performance of the Other Global Equity Accounts. The performance information shown below is based on a composite of all of Mondrian’s accounts with investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund and has been adjusted to give effect to the annualized net expenses of the Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund (as set forth in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table, above). The majority of the Other Global Equity Accounts have not been registered under the 1940 Act and therefore they are not subject to certain investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. If all of the Other Global Equity Accounts had been registered under the 1940 Act, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. In addition, the majority of the Other Global Equity Accounts were not subject to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If all of the Other Global Equity Accounts had been subject to Subchapter M, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. As noted below, the returns in the bar chart reflect adjustments for the fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund, which has a higher expense ratio than the Select Shares and Institutional Shares.
 
The bar chart and table below show:
 
•  Changes in the Other Global Equity Accounts’ performance from year to year over the last ten calendar years; and
 
•  How the Other Global Equity Accounts’ average annual returns over one year, five years, ten years and since inception compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 
 
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Table of Contents

 Yearly performance (%)
 
Other Global Equity Accounts (Adjusted for Fees and Net Expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund)
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 21.07% Q2 2003
Worst quarter: (18.97%) Q3 2002
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) of the Other Global Equity Accounts (adjusted for fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund) as of 6/30/2010: (13.60%)
 
Performance table
This table shows how the Other Global Equity Accounts’ performance compares with the returns of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Average annual total returns (for periods ending December 31, 2009)1
 
                                 
    Past
    Past
    Past
    Since
 
    one year     five years     ten years     inception  
Other Global Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Institutional Shares)
    23.99%       2.61%       4.11%       8.07% 3
Other Global Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Select Shares)
    23.90%       2.54%       4.04%       8.00% 3
Other Global Equity Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Investor Shares)
    23.56%       2.25%       3.75%       7.70% 3
MSCI World (Net) Index2
    29.99%       2.01%       (0.24% )     6.33% 4
 
1  All returns are stated before the imposition of taxes. After-tax returns would be lower than those shown.
2  Reflects dividends reinvested monthly, net of the withholding taxes and net of tax credit for foreigners not benefiting from any double taxation treaty. The Morgan Stanley Capital International World (MSCI) (Net) Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization weighted index that is designed to measure the equity market performance of developed markets and is net of dividends and taxes. The MSCI World (Net) Index consists of the following 23 developed market country indices: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
3  Inception: March 31, 1991. During the period April 1991 to September 2004 this performance was achieved with US stock selection input from Mondrian Investment Partners Limited’s (Mondrian) former affiliate, Delaware Investment Advisers (“DIA”). Mondrian had overall responsibility for the asset allocation decisions between the US and non-US portions of this composite. Shortly after the management buy out of Mondrian in September 2004, the services of DIA were no longer utilized and the entire responsibility for US and non-US stock selection for this composite resided with Mondrian. From September 2004 to May 2007, the composite consisted only of a Mondrian sponsored limited partnership with no external investors.
4  From: March 31, 1991.
 
Performance information for the subadviser’s other focused emerging markets accounts
 
The subadviser also serves as adviser to other focused emerging markets accounts (Other Emerging Markets Accounts) that have investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund. The information below does not represent the historical performance of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund and should not be considered a prediction of its future performance. The performance of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund may vary from the performance of the Other Emerging Markets Accounts. The performance information shown below is based on a composite of all of Mondrian’s accounts with investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund and has been adjusted to give effect to the annualized net expenses of the Investor Shares of the Laudus
 
 
 
46 Performance information on the subadviser’s other accounts


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Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund (as set forth in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table, above). None of the Other Emerging Markets Accounts have been registered under the 1940 Act and therefore they are not subject to certain investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. If the Other Emerging Markets Accounts had been registered under the 1940 Act, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. In addition, the Other Emerging Markets Accounts were not subject to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If the Other Emerging Markets Accounts had been subject to Subchapter M, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. As noted below, the returns in the bar chart reflect adjustments for the fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund, which has a higher expense ratio than the Select Shares and Institutional Shares.
 
The bar chart and table below show:
 
•  Changes in the Other Emerging Markets Accounts’ performance from year to year since inception; and
 
•  How the Other Emerging Markets Accounts’ average annual returns over one year and since inception compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Yearly performance (%)
 
Other Emerging Markets Accounts (Adjusted for Fees and Net Expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund)
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 31.06% Q2 2009
Worst quarter: (25.27%) Q4 2008
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) of the Other Emerging Markets Accounts (adjusted for fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund) as of 6/30/2010: (6.54%)
 
Performance table
This table shows how the Other Emerging Markets Accounts’ performance compares with the returns of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Average annual total returns (for periods ending December 31, 2009)1
 
 
                 
    Past
    Since
 
    one year     inception  
Other Emerging Markets Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Institutional Shares)
    67.26%       11.82% 3
Other Emerging Markets Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Select Shares)
    67.15%       11.74% 3
Other Emerging Markets Accounts
(adjusted for the fees and expenses of Investor Shares)
    66.70%       11.43% 3
MSCI Emerging Markets (Net) Index2
    78.51%       12.63% 4
 
1  All returns are stated before the imposition of taxes. After-tax returns would be lower than those shown.
2  Reflects dividends reinvested monthly, net of the withholding taxes and net of tax credit for foreigners not benefitting from any double taxation treaty. The MSCI Emerging Markets Net Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure market equity performance in 22 emerging market countries.
3  Inception: 12/1/2005.
4  From: 12/1/2005.
 
 
 
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Performance information for the subadviser’s other international fixed income accounts
 
The subadviser also serves as adviser to other international fixed income accounts (Other International Fixed Income Accounts) that have investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund. The information below does not represent the historical performance of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and should not be considered a prediction of its future performance. The performance of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund may vary from the performance of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts. The performance information shown below is based on a composite of all of Mondrian’s accounts with investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and has been adjusted to give effect to the annualized net expenses of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund (as set forth in the Annual Fund Operating Expenses table, above). The majority of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts have not been registered under the 1940 Act and therefore they are not subject to certain investment restrictions imposed by the 1940 Act. If all of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts had been registered under the 1940 Act, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. In addition, the majority of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts were not subject to Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If all of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts had been subject to Subchapter M, their performance and the composite performance might have been adversely affected. As noted below, the returns in the bar chart and performance table reflect adjustments for the fees and net expenses of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund.
 
The bar chart and table below show:
 
•  Changes in the Other International Fixed Income Accounts’ performance from year to year over the last ten calendar years; and
 
•  How the Other International Fixed Income Accounts’ average annual returns over one year, five years, ten years and since inception compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Yearly performance (%)
 
Other International Fixed Income Accounts (Adjusted for Fees and Net Expenses of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund)
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 14.43% Q2 2002
Worst quarter: (6.53%) Q3 2000
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and pre-tax) of the Other International Fixed Income Accounts (adjusted for fees and net expenses of Investor Shares of the Laudus Mondrian Fixed Income Fund) as of 6/30/2010: (2.03%)
 
 
 
48 Performance information on the subadviser’s other accounts


Table of Contents

 
Performance table
This table shows how the Other International Fixed Income Accounts’ performance compares with the returns of a broad-based securities market index.
 
 Average annual total returns (for periods ending December 31, 2009)1
 
 
                                 
    Past
    Past
    Past
    Since
 
    one year     five years     ten years     inception  
Other International Fixed Income Accounts (adjusted for the fees and net expenses of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund)
    8.13%       4.80%       8.05%       7.61% 3
Citigroup Non-USD World Government Bond Index2
    6.85%       4.34%       6.53%       6.21% 4
 
1  All returns are stated before the imposition of taxes. After-tax returns would be lower than those shown.
2  Reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes. The Citigroup Non-USD World Government Bond Index includes the 23 government bond markets of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
3  Inception: 10/1/1993.
4  From: 10/1/1993.
 
 
 
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Management of the funds
 
 
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, serves as the funds’ investment adviser. Mondrian Investment Partners Limited (Mondrian), 10 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7JD, serves as subadviser to the funds.
 
 
Founded in 1989, CSIM today serves as investment adviser for all of the Schwab Funds, Schwab ETFs and Laudus Funds. As of June 30, 2010, CSIM managed 85 mutual funds and approximately $187 billion in assets.
 
 
Mondrian provides investment advisory services to a number of institutional investors. As of June 30, 2010, Mondrian managed approximately $58 billion in assets.
 
 
In its capacity as subadviser, Mondrian provides day-to-day portfolio management services to the funds, while, as adviser, CSIM supervises Mondrian and assumes other functions, including managing the funds’ other affairs and business, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees.
 
 
The funds pay CSIM monthly an advisory fee for these services. The fee paid is based on a percentage of each fund’s average daily net assets. CSIM — and not the funds — pays a portion of the advisory fees it receives to Mondrian in return for its services.
 
 
For the 12 months ended March 31, 2010, the advisory fee paid to CSIM, after waivers and/or reimbursements, was 0.66% for the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, 0.00% for the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund, 0.96% for the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund and 0.56% for the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, expressed as a percentage of each fund’s average daily net assets.
 
 
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board’s approval of the funds’ investment advisory and subadvisory agreements is available in the funds’ semi-annual report dated September 30, 2009, which covers the period April 1, 2009 to September 30, 2009.
 
 
CSIM has entered into an expense limitation agreement to waive its management fees and bear certain expenses until July 30, 2012, to limit the total annual operating expenses of the funds. Under that agreement, any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by a fund to CSIM during the next two fiscal years to the extent that repayment will not cause the fund’s expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the expense limitation agreement) during the respective year.
 
 
Elizabeth Desmond, Russell Mackie and Emma Lewis are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund. Ms. Desmond has been with Mondrian since 1991, where she is currently Director and Chief Investment Officer — International Equities. Mr. Mackie has been with Mondrian since 1997, where he is currently a Senior Portfolio Manager on the European Equity Team. Ms. Lewis has been with Mondrian since 1995, where she is currently a Senior Portfolio Manager on Mondrian’s Pacific Equity Team. Ms. Desmond is also the chair of the Equity Strategy Committee.
 
 
Nigel May, Brendan Baker and Andrew Porter are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund. Mr. May, ASIP, has been with Mondrian since 1991, where he is currently Deputy Chief Executive Officer. From December 2, 1996 until July 7, 2009, he was Director and from February 8, 2008 until July 7, 2009 he was also Chief Investment Officer — Global Equities. Mr. May is an Associate of the CFA Society of the United Kingdom. Mr. Baker has been with Mondrian since 2001, where he is currently a Senior Portfolio Manager on the North American equity team. Mr. Porter has been with Mondrian since 2003, where he is currently a Portfolio Manager on the Pacific Equity team. Mr. May is a member of the Global Strategy Committee and the Equity Strategy Committee, while Mr. Baker and Mr. Porter are both members of the Global Strategy Committee.
 
 
 
50 Management of the funds


Table of Contents

Andrew Miller and Ginny Chong are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund. Mr. Miller and Mrs. Chong have been with Mondrian since 2000, where both are currently Senior Portfolio Managers for the Global Emerging Markets team. Both are active members of the Global Emerging Markets Equity Investment Committee.
 
 
Christopher Moth and David Wakefield are responsible for the day-to-day management of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund. Mr. Moth has been with Mondrian since 1992, where he is a Director and Chief Investment Officer for Global Fixed Income and Currency. Mr. Moth also chairs the Global Fixed Income and Currency Committee meetings. Mr. Wakefield has been with Mondrian since 2001, where he is currently a Senior Portfolio Manager for the Global Fixed Income team and is an active member of the Global Fixed Income and Currency Committee.
 
 
The Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts managed, and ownership of securities of the funds.
 
 
 
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Investing in the funds
 
 
In this section, you will find information on buying, selling and exchanging shares. You may invest directly in a fund by placing orders through the funds’ transfer agent (direct orders). You may invest in a fund through an intermediary by placing orders through your brokerage account with a broker/dealer, investment adviser, 401(k) plan, employee benefit plan, administrator, bank, or other financial intermediary (intermediary) that is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the fund (intermediary orders). Helpful information on taxes is included as well.
 
Investing directly with the funds
 
Opening an account to place direct orders
You may place direct orders for a fund’s shares. First, you must open an account with a fund through the funds’ transfer agent, Boston Financial Data Services (transfer agent), prior to placing direct orders. You may obtain an account application by calling the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332. Your completed application and supporting documents must be returned to, and accepted by, the transfer agent before you can place direct orders. You cannot place direct orders through your account at an intermediary.
 
Initial and additional direct purchases by wire
Subject to acceptance by the funds, shares of a fund may be purchased by wiring federal funds. Please first contact the funds at 1-800-447-3332 for complete wiring instructions. Notification must be given to the funds at 1-800-447-3332 prior to the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on the wire date. Federal funds purchases will be accepted only on a day on which the funds, the distributor and the custodian are all open for business. A completed account application must be faxed to the funds on the day the wire is sent and must also be overnighted to the funds at Boston Financial Data Services, Inc., Attn: Laudus Trust, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. Please call 1-800-447-3332 for details.
 
Initial and additional direct purchases by mail
Subject to acceptance by a fund, you may open an account and make your initial purchase and any additional purchases of the fund’s shares by mail. To open an account by mail, complete and sign the account application and mail the account application, all supporting documents and a check for the desired purchase amount to the transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. The name of the fund should be specified on the account application. Additional investments may be made at any time by mailing a check (payable to Laudus Trust) to the transfer agent at the address above. Be sure to include your account number on your check.
 
Subject to acceptance by a fund, payment for the purchase of shares received by mail will be credited to a shareholder’s account at the net asset value per share of the fund next determined after receipt, even though the check may not yet have been converted into federal funds. For purposes of calculating the purchase price of fund shares, a purchase order is received by a fund on the day that it is in good order unless it is rejected by the fund’s transfer agent. For a cash purchase order of fund shares to be in good order on a particular day, a check must be received on or before the close of the fund (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier) on that day. If the payment is received by a fund after the deadline, the purchase price of fund shares will be based upon the next determination of net asset value of fund shares. No currency, third party checks, foreign checks, starter checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or money orders will be accepted by the funds.
 
Automatic investment program
An eligible shareholder may also participate in the Laudus Funds Automatic Investment Program, an investment plan that automatically debits money from the shareholder’s bank account or an account at a broker or other intermediary and invests it in a fund through the use of electronic funds transfers. Investors may commence their participation in this program by making a minimum initial investment that satisfies the minimum investment amount for a fund and may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $50 into their established fund account. You should contact the Trust for more information about the Laudus Funds Automatic Investment Program.
 
Individual retirement accounts
The funds may be used to fund individual retirement accounts (IRAs). A special application must be completed in order to create such an account. Contributions to IRAs are subject to prevailing amount limits set by the Internal Revenue Service. For more information about IRAs, call the Trust at 1-800-447-3332.
 
 
 
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Direct redemptions by telephone
If you authorized the telephone redemption option in the account application, you may place a redemption order by calling the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332 and requesting that the redemption proceeds be wired per the authorized instructions in the account application or mailed to the primary registration address. Your redemption order will be processed at the net asset value per share of a fund next determined after receipt of your telephone redemption order by the transfer agent. Please note that the transfer agent may only act on telephone instructions believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. The transfer agent’s records of such instructions are binding on the shareholder. The shareholder, not the funds or the transfer agent, bears the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized instructions reasonably believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. The transfer agent will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated are genuine. These procedures include tape recording of telephone instructions and requiring some form of personal identification prior to acting upon instructions received by telephone.
 
Direct redemptions by mail
You may redeem your fund shares by mail by sending a request letter to the funds’ transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, PO Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266. Your redemption request will be processed by a fund at the net asset value per share of the fund next determined after the request is received in good order. To be in good order, the redemption request must include the name of the fund and the number of shares or the dollar amount to be redeemed, all required signatures, authorizations and any required signature guarantees, and other supporting legal documents, if required, in the case of estates, trusts, guardianships, custodianships, corporations, pension and profit sharing plans and other organizations.
 
Additional direct redemption information
To protect you, the funds and their service providers from fraud, signature guarantees may be required to enable the transfer agent to verify the identity of the person who has authorized a redemption from an account. Signature guarantees are required for (1) redemptions where the proceeds are to be sent to someone other than the registered shareholder(s) at the registered address, (2) redemptions if your account address has changed within the last 10 business days, (3) share transfer requests, and (4) redemptions where the proceeds are wired in connection with bank instructions not already on file with the transfer agent. Signature guarantees may be obtained from certain eligible financial institutions, including, but not limited to, the following: U.S. banks, trust companies, credit unions, securities brokers and dealers, savings and loan associations and participants in the Securities and Transfer Association Medallion Program (STAMP), the Stock Exchange Medallion Program (SEMP) or the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Signature guarantees from non-U.S. banks that do not include a stamp may require a U.S. consulate stamp. You may contact the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332 for further details.
 
The funds will not make payment on redemptions of shares purchased by check until payment of the purchase price has been collected, which may take up to fifteen days after purchase. Shareholders can avoid this delay by utilizing the wire purchase option.
 
Systematic withdrawal plan
An owner of $12,000 or more of shares of a fund may elect to have periodic redemptions made from the investor’s account to be paid on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The maximum payment per year is 12% of the account value at the time of the election. The Trust will normally redeem a sufficient number of shares to make the scheduled redemption payments on a date selected by the shareholder. Depending on the size of the payment requested and fluctuation in the net asset value, if any, of the shares redeemed, redemptions for the purpose of making such payments may reduce or even exhaust the account. A shareholder may request that these payments be sent to a predesignated bank or other designated party. Capital gains and dividend distributions paid to the account will automatically be reinvested at net asset value on the distribution payment date.
 
Direct exchange and conversion privileges
Upon request, and subject to certain limitations, shares of a fund may be exchanged into shares of any other fund of the Trust or converted to shares of another class of the same fund. In order to exchange your shares to another fund of the Trust, you must satisfy the minimum requirements for a class of shares of the new fund. In order to convert your shares, you must satisfy the minimum requirements of the new class. Direct investors should contact the Trust at 1-800-447-3332. Although the Trust has no current intention of terminating or modifying the exchange or conversion privileges, it reserves the right to do so at any time. An exchange of your shares for shares of another Laudus Fund is taxable as a sale of a security on which a gain or loss may be recognized. Shareholders should receive written confirmation of an exchange or conversion within a few days of the completion of the transaction. A new account opened by exchange must be established with the same name(s), address(es) and social security number(s) as the existing account. All exchanges or conversions
 
 
 
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will be made based on the respective net asset values next determined following receipt of the request by the funds containing the information indicated below. Shareholders should obtain and read the prospectus for the fund into which you are exchanging prior to placing your order.
 
Direct exchanges or conversions by telephone
If you authorized the telephone redemption option in the account application, you may exchange or convert fund shares by telephone by calling the funds’ transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332. Please be prepared to provide the following information: (a) the account number, tax identification number and account registration; (b) the class of shares to be exchanged from and into; (c) the name of the fund from which and the fund into which the exchange is to be made; and (d) the dollar or share amount to be exchanged. Please note that the transfer agent may act only on telephone instructions believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. Please see the section entitled “Direct redemptions by telephone” for more information regarding transacting with the funds’ transfer agent via telephone.
 
Direct exchanges or conversion by mail
To exchange or convert fund shares by mail, simply send a letter of instruction to the funds’ transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, PO Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266. The letter of instruction must include: (a) your account number; (b) the class of shares to be exchanged from and into; (c) the fund from and the fund into which the exchange is to be made; (d) the dollar or share amount to be exchanged; and (e) the signatures of all registered owners or authorized parties.
 
The funds reserve the right to suspend or terminate the privilege of exchanging or converting shares of a fund by mail or by telephone at any time.
 
Investing through a financial intermediary
 
Placing orders through your intermediary
When you place orders through an intermediary, you are not placing your orders directly with a fund, and you must follow the intermediary’s transaction procedures. Your intermediary may impose different or additional conditions than the fund on purchases, redemptions and exchanges of fund shares. These differences may include initial, subsequent and maintenance investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cut-off times for investment and trading restrictions. Your intermediary may independently establish and charge its customers transaction fees, account fees and other fees in addition to the fees charged by the funds. These additional fees may vary over time and would increase the cost of your investment and lower investment returns. You should consult your intermediary directly for information regarding these conditions and fees. The funds are not responsible for the failure of your intermediary to carry out its responsibilities.
 
Only certain intermediaries are authorized to accept orders on behalf of a fund. If your fund shares are no longer held by an authorized intermediary, the funds may impose restrictions on your ability to manage or maintain your shares. For example, you may not be able to place orders to purchase additional shares. To remove these restrictions, you have two options. First, you may move your shares to another intermediary that is authorized to accept fund orders. Second, you may maintain a direct account with the funds if your completed account application and supporting documentation is returned to and accepted by the funds’ transfer agent.
 
Other investing information
 
For purposes of calculating the purchase price of fund shares, a purchase order is received by the Trust on the day that it is in “good order” unless it is rejected by the transfer agent. For a cash purchase order of fund shares to be in “good order” on a particular day, a check or money wire must be received on or before the close of the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on that day. If the payment is received by the Trust after the deadline, the purchase price of fund shares will be based upon the next determination of net asset value of fund shares. No currency, third party checks, foreign checks, starter checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or money orders will be accepted.
 
The Trust reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares of the funds or to reject purchase orders when, in its judgment, such suspension or rejection would be in the best interests of the Trust or the funds. The Trust discourages market timing and maintains procedures designed to provide reasonable assurances that such activity will be identified and terminated, including the imposition of the redemption fee. You may be subject to a fee of 2% if you redeem or exchange your shares within 30 days of purchase. Purchases of the funds’ shares may be made in full or in fractional shares of the fund (calculated to three decimal places). In the interest of economy and convenience, certificates for shares will not be issued.
 
 
 
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When selling, converting or exchanging shares, you should be aware of the following fund policies:
 
•  The funds may take up to seven days to pay sale proceeds.
 
•  The funds reserve the right to redeem your shares in-kind (i.e., for portfolio securities) in accordance with the funds’ procedures and applicable regulatory requirements.
 
•  Exchange orders are limited to other funds of the Laudus Trust and must meet the minimum investment and other requirements for the fund and share class into which you are exchanging.
 
•  If you are selling shares that were recently purchased by check, the proceeds may be delayed until the check for purchase clears; this may take up to 15 days from the date of purchase.
 
•  You should read the prospectus for the fund into which you are exchanging prior to placing your order.
 
Investments in-kind
Institutional Shares and shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund may be purchased in exchange for common stocks or bonds or by a combination of such securities and cash. Purchase of Institutional Shares and shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund in exchange for securities is subject in each case to CSIM’s and the subadviser’s determination that the securities to be exchanged are acceptable. Securities accepted in exchange for fund shares will be valued as set forth under “Share price” (generally the last quoted sale price) as of the time of the next determination of net asset value after such acceptance. All dividends, subscription or other rights which are reflected in the market price of accepted securities at the time of valuation become the property of the fund and must be delivered to the fund upon receipt by the investor from the issuer. Generally, the exchange of common stocks for Institutional Shares and shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund will be a taxable event for federal income tax purposes, which will trigger gain or loss to an investor subject to federal income taxation, measured by the difference between the value of the Institutional Shares or shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund received and the investor’s basis in the securities tendered. Accordingly, you should consult your tax adviser before making such an in-kind purchase.
 
A fund will not accept securities in exchange for fund shares unless: (i) CSIM and the subadviser believe the securities are appropriate investments for the fund; (ii) the investor represents and agrees that all securities offered to the fund are not subject to any restrictions upon their sale by the fund under the Securities Act of 1933, or otherwise; and (iii) the securities may be acquired under the fund’s investment restrictions.
 
Due to local restrictions, certain emerging markets may not permit in-kind transactions.
 
Further redemption information
 
The funds reserve the right to redeem your shares in-kind in accordance with the funds’ procedures and applicable regulatory requirements. If CSIM determines that it would not be in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of a fund to make a redemption payment wholly or partly in cash, such fund may instead pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in-kind of readily marketable securities held by such fund. The Trust may commit itself to pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount with respect to each shareholder during any 90-day period to the lesser of: (i) $250,000, or (ii) one percent of net asset value of such fund at the beginning of such period. Securities used to redeem fund shares in-kind will be valued in accordance with the funds’ valuation procedures described in this prospectus. Securities distributed by a fund in-kind will be selected by the subadviser, under CSIM’s supervision, in light of each fund’s objective and generally will be a pro rata distribution of each security held in a fund’s portfolio. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of securities received.
 
The funds may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for a reasonable period when the NYSE is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted or during an emergency declared by the SEC which makes it impracticable for the funds to dispose of their securities or to determine the value of their net assets fairly, or during any other period permitted by the SEC for the protection of investors.
 
Share price
 
The funds are open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is open. Each fund calculates its share price each business day as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time). A fund’s share price is its net asset value per share, or NAV, which is a fund’s net assets divided by the number of its shares outstanding. Orders to buy,
 
 
 
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sell or exchange shares that are received by the fund in good order on or prior to the close of the fund (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will be executed at the next share price calculated that day.
 
When you place an order through your account at an intermediary, please consult with your intermediary to determine when your order will be executed. Generally, you will receive the share price next calculated after the fund receives your order from your intermediary. However, some intermediaries may arrange with the fund for you to receive the share price next calculated after your intermediary has received your order. Some intermediaries may require that they receive orders prior to a specified cut-off time.
 
In valuing its securities, a fund uses market quotes or official closing prices if they are readily available. In cases where quotes are not readily available or the adviser deems them unreliable, the fund may value securities based on fair values developed using methods approved by the fund’s Board of Trustees.
 
When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of more than 60 days, the funds use the value of the security provided by pricing services. The pricing services may value fixed income securities at an evaluated price by employing methodologies that utilize actual market transactions, broker-supplied valuations, or other methodologies designed to identify the market value for such securities. When valuing fixed income securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, a fund may use the security’s amortized cost, which approximates the security’s market value.
 
Shareholders of the funds should be aware that because foreign markets are often open on weekends and other days when the funds are closed, the value of a fund’s portfolio may change on days when it is not possible to buy or sell shares of the fund.
 
Additional policies affecting your investment
 
Distributor
Shares of the funds are offered on a continuous basis through the Trust’s principal underwriter, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (distributor). The distributor’s principal offices are located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Co 80203.
 
Investment minimums
Each of the funds, except the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, offer three classes of shares in this prospectus to investors, with eligibility for purchase depending on the amount invested in a particular fund. The three classes of shares are Institutional Shares, Select Shares and Investor Shares. The following table sets forth basic investment and fee information for each class for each of the funds, except the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund.
 
                         
                Annual distribution
 
    Minimum initial
    Subsequent
    and shareholder
 
Name of class   fund investment*     investment     service fee  
Institutional
  $ 500,000       None       None  
Select
  $ 50,000       None       None  
Investor
  $ 100       None       0.25 %
 
Certain exceptions apply. See below.
 
With respect to the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, the following table sets forth basic investment and fee information for the fund.
 
                         
                Annual distribution
 
    Minimum initial
    Subsequent
    and shareholder
 
    fund investment*     investment     service fee  
    $ 100       None       None  
 
Certain exceptions apply. See below.
 
Institutional Shares may be purchased by institutions such as endowments and foundations, plan sponsors of 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b) benefit plans and individuals, including clients of investment advisers. In order to be eligible to purchase Institutional Shares, an investor must make an initial investment of at least $500,000 in the particular fund. Investment advisers may aggregate investments across client accounts in order to reach this minimum investment requirement. In its sole discretion, CSIM may waive this minimum investment requirement. CSIM may waive this investment minimum for the benefit plans described above, for certain wrap accounts, and for accounts held through certain intermediaries.
 
Investor and Select Shares may be purchased by institutions, certain individual retirement accounts and individuals. In order to be eligible to purchase Investor and Select Shares, an investor must make an initial investment of at least $100 and $50,000, respectively, in the particular fund. In its sole discretion, CSIM may waive this minimum investment requirement. CSIM may waive this investment minimum for the benefit plans described above, and for accounts held
 
 
 
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through certain intermediaries, including those who have made arrangements with the funds to offer shares to their clients as part of various asset allocation programs. The minimum for Select Shares may also be waived for certain other investors, including directors, officers and employees of The Charles Schwab Corporation and Mondrian. The Trustees have authorized the Trust to reimburse, out of the Investor and Select Classes assets of the funds, intermediaries that provide sub-accounting and sub-transfer agency services an amount up to 0.15% of the average daily net assets of such class on an annual basis.
 
Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund may be purchased by institutions, certain individual retirement accounts and individuals. In order to be eligible to purchase shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, an investor must make an initial investment of at least $100 in the fund. In its sole discretion, CSIM may waive this minimum investment requirement. CSIM may waive this investment minimum for the benefit plans described above, for certain wrap accounts, and for accounts held through certain intermediaries, including those who have made arrangements with the fund to offer shares to their clients as part of various asset allocation programs.
 
Shares of a fund may be sold to corporations or other institutions such as trusts, foundations, broker-dealers or other intermediaries purchasing for the accounts of others. Investors purchasing and redeeming shares of the fund through an intermediary may be charged a transaction-based fee or other fee for the services provided by the intermediary. Each such intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions with respect to purchases and redemptions of fund shares. Customers of intermediaries should read this prospectus in light of the terms governing accounts with their particular organization.
 
Please note that intermediaries may impose additional or different conditions than the funds on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of fund shares, including different initial, subsequent and maintenance investment requirements.
 
Each fund reserves certain rights, including the following:
 
•  To materially modify or terminate the exchange privilege upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
 
•  To change or waive a fund’s investment minimums.
 
•  To withdraw or suspend any part of the offering made by this prospectus.
 
Distribution and shareholder service plan
Investor Class Shares are subject to an annual distribution and shareholder service fee (Distribution and Shareholder Service Fee) of up to 0.25% of the Investor Shares’ average daily net assets attributable thereto in accordance with a distributor and shareholder service plan (Distributor and Shareholder Service Plan) adopted by the Trustees pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. The Distribution and Shareholder Service Fee is intended to compensate the distributor for services and expenses primarily intended to result in the sale of Investor Shares and/or in connection with the provision of direct client service, personal services, maintenance of shareholder accounts and reporting services to holders of Investor Shares. The Distribution and Shareholder Service Fee will not be retained by the distributor but will instead be reallowed to intermediaries who provide these services. Although the distributor acts as principal underwriter for shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and Institutional Shares and Select Shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Equity, Laudus Mondrian Global Equity and Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Funds, no fee is paid to the distributor in connection with such shares under the Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan.
 
Expenses and services for which the distributor or another intermediary or agent may be compensated include, without limitation, expenses (including overhead and telephone expenses) of, and compensation to, employees of the Distributor or of intermediaries who engage in distribution or servicing of Investor Shares, printing of prospectuses and reports for other than existing Investor Class shareholders, advertising, preparing, printing and distributing sales literature and forwarding communications from the funds to such persons. The Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan is of the type known as a “compensation” plan. This means that the fees are payable to compensate the distributor or intermediary for services rendered even if the amount paid exceeds the Distributor’s or intermediary’s expenses. Because these fees are paid out of Investor Shares’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than other types of sales charges.
 
Payments by the investment adviser or its affiliates
The investment adviser or its affiliates may make cash payments out of their own resources, or provide products and services at a discount, to certain brokerage firms, banks, retirement plan service providers and other financial intermediaries that perform shareholder, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and other administrative services in connection with investments in fund shares. These payments or discounts are separate from, and may be in addition to, any shareholder service fees or other administrative fees the funds may pay to those intermediaries The investment adviser or its affiliates may also make cash payments out of their own resources, or provide products and services at a discount, to
 
 
 
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certain financial intermediaries that perform distribution, marketing, promotional or other distribution-related services. The payments or discounts described by this paragraph may be substantial; however, distribution-related services provided by such intermediaries are paid by the investment adviser or its affiliates, not by the funds or their shareholders.
 
Policy regarding short-term or excessive trading
The funds are intended for long-term investment and not for short-term or excessive trading (collectively “market timing”). Market timing may adversely impact the funds’ performance by disrupting the efficient management of the fund, increasing fund transaction costs and taxes, causing the fund to maintain higher cash balances, and diluting the value of the fund’s shares.
 
To discourage market timing, the funds’ Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to reduce the risk of market timing by fund shareholders. The funds seek to deter market timing through several methods. These methods may include: fair value pricing, imposition of redemption fees and trade activity monitoring. Fair value pricing and redemption fees are discussed more thoroughly in the subsequent pages of this prospectus and are considered to be key elements of the fund’s policy regarding short term or excessive trading. Trade activity monitoring is risk based and seeks to identify patterns of activity in amounts that might be detrimental to the fund.
 
Although these methods are designed to discourage market timing, there can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to identify and restrict investors that engage in such activities. In addition, some of these methods are inherently subjective and involve judgment in their application. The fund and its service providers seek to make these judgments and applications uniformly and in a manner that they believe is consistent with interests of the fund’s long-term shareholders. The fund may amend these policies and procedures in response to changing regulatory requirements or to enhance the effectiveness of the program.
 
Each fund or its service providers maintain risk-based surveillance procedures designed to detect market timing in fund shares in amounts that might be detrimental to the fund. Under these procedures, each fund has requested that service providers to the fund monitor transactional activity in amounts and frequency determined by the fund to be significant to the fund and in a pattern of activity that potentially could be detrimental to the fund. If a fund, in its sole discretion based on these or other factors, determines that a shareholder has engaged in market timing, it may refuse to process future purchases or exchanges into the fund by that shareholder. These procedures may be modified from time to time as appropriate to improve the detection of market timing and to comply with applicable laws.
 
If trades are effected through a financial intermediary, a fund or its service providers will work with the intermediary to monitor possible market timing activity. Each fund reserves the right to contact the intermediary to provide certain shareholder transaction information and may require the intermediary to restrict the shareholder from future purchases or exchanges in the fund. Transactions by fund shareholders investing through intermediaries may also be subject to the restrictions of the intermediary’s own frequent trading policies, which may differ from those of a fund. A fund may defer to an intermediary’s frequent trading policies with respect to those shareholders who invest in the fund through such intermediary. Each fund will defer to an intermediary’s policies only after the fund determines that the intermediary’s frequent trading policies are reasonably designed to deter transactional activity in amounts and frequency that are deemed to be significant to the fund and in a pattern of activity that potentially could be detrimental to the fund. Shareholders should consult with their intermediary to determine if additional frequent trading restrictions apply to their fund transactions.
 
The funds reserve the right to restrict, reject or cancel within a reasonable time, without prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason.
 
Fair value pricing
The Board of Trustees has adopted procedures to fair value the funds’ securities when market prices are not “readily available” or are unreliable. For example, a fund may fair value a security when a security is de-listed or its trading is halted or suspended; when a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; when a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or when a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market.
 
By fair valuing securities whose prices may have been affected by events occurring after the close of trading, the funds seek to establish prices that investors might expect to realize upon the current sales of these securities. This methodology is designed to deter “arbitrage” market timers, who seek to exploit delays between the change in the value of a fund’s portfolio holdings and the net asset value of the fund’s shares, and seeks to help ensure that the prices at which the fund’s shares are purchased and redeemed are fair and do not result in dilution of shareholder interest or other harm to shareholders.
 
 
 
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The funds make fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the funds’ valuation procedures. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that a fund could obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.
 
Redemption fee
Shares redeemed or exchanged within 30 days of purchase, which shall be calculated to include the 30th day, will be subject to a fee of 2%, which is intended to limit short-term trading in a fund, or to the extent that short-term trading persists, to impose the costs of that type of activity on the shareholders who engage in it. Such fee will be paid to the funds. The funds treat shares that have been held the longest as being redeemed first. Fund shares purchased with reinvested dividends are not subject to redemption fees. Each fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive such fee when, in its judgment, such waiver would be in the best interests of the fund. Each fund may waive the redemption fee for retirement plans, wrap or fee-based programs, charitable giving funds, unregistered separate accounts, redemptions pursuant to rebalancing programs or systematic withdrawal plans established by the fund or financial intermediaries, and registered investment companies and redemptions initiated by the fund. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may use criteria and methods for tracking, applying and calculating the fees that are different from the funds but which the funds, in their discretion, may determine are in the best interests of the funds. While the funds discourage mutual fund market timing and maintains procedures designed to provide reasonable assurances that such activity will be identified and terminated, including the imposition of the redemption fee described above, no policy or procedure can guarantee that all such activity will in fact be identified or that such activity can be completely eliminated. Each fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the redemption fees or waivers at any time.
 
Customer identification and verification and anti-money laundering program
Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open your account, you will have to provide your name, address, date of birth, identification number and other information that will allow a fund or your financial intermediary to identify you. This information is subject to verification to ensure the identity of all persons opening an account.
 
Each fund or your financial intermediary is required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided. A fund or your financial intermediary may contact you in an attempt to collect any missing information required on the application, and your application may be rejected if they are unable to obtain this information. In certain instances, each fund or your financial intermediary is required to collect documents, which will be used solely to establish and verify your identity.
 
A fund will accept investments and your order will be processed at the NAV next determined after receipt of your application in proper form (or upon receipt of all identifying information required on the application). Each fund, however, reserves the right to close and/or liquidate your account at the then-current day’s price if a fund or your financial intermediary is unable to verify your identity. As a result, you may be subject to a gain or loss on fund shares and will be subject to corresponding tax consequences.
 
Customer identification and verification is part of each fund’s overall obligation to deter money laundering under Federal law. The funds have adopted an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program designed to prevent a fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities. In this regard, each fund reserves the right to (i) refuse, cancel or rescind any purchase or exchange order; (ii) freeze any account and/or suspend account services; or (iii) involuntarily close your account in cases of threatening conduct or suspected fraudulent or illegal activity. These actions will be taken when, in the sole discretion of fund management, they are deemed to be in the best interest of a fund or in cases when a fund is requested or compelled to do so by governmental or law enforcement authority. If your account is closed at the request of governmental or law enforcement authority, you may not receive proceeds of the redemption if the fund is required to withhold such proceeds.
 
A note on mailing procedures: If two or more members of a household own a fund, we may economize on fund expenses by sending only one financial report and prospectus. If you need additional copies or do not want your mailings to be “householded”, please call the Trust at 1-800-447-3332 or write to the Trust.
 
Distributions and taxes
 
Each fund intends to pay out as dividends substantially all of its net income and net short-term and long-term capital gains (after reduction by any available capital loss carry-forwards). The Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund’s policy is to declare and pay distributions of its dividends and interest quarterly, although it may do so less frequently. It is the policy of each fund, other than Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, to declare and pay
 
 
 
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distributions of its dividends and interest annually, although it may do so more frequently as determined by the Trustees of the Trust. During the fourth quarter of the year, typically in early November, an estimate of each fund’s year-end distribution, if any, may be made available on the funds’ website: www.laudus.com. Each fund’s policy is to distribute net short-term capital gains and net long-term gains annually, although it may do so more frequently as determined by the Trustees of the Trust to the extent permitted by applicable regulations. The amount of any distribution will change and there is no guarantee the funds will declare and pay dividend income or distribute a capital gain.
 
All dividends and/or distributions will be paid out in the form of additional shares of the fund at net asset value unless the shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may make this election by marking the appropriate box on the Account application or by writing to the Trust.
 
If you elect to receive distributions in cash and checks are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will be changed automatically and your future dividend and capital gains distributions will be reinvested in that fund at the per share net asset value determined as of the date of payment of the distribution. In addition, any undeliverable checks or checks that remain uncashed for six months will be canceled and will be reinvested in that fund at the per share net asset value determined as of the date of cancellation.
 
Each fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code) and to meet all requirements necessary to avoid paying any federal income or excise taxes. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long a fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that a fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the fund as capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that a fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and fund level. Each fund will notify its shareholders as to what portion of fund distributions are designated as qualified dividend income.
 
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by a fund before a shareholder’s investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or in the form of additional shares of the fund to which the distribution relates. Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. For tax purposes, an exchange of your fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. The gain or loss generally will be treated as short term if you held the shares for 12 months or less, long term if you held the shares for longer.
 
Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced — in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets — for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010.
 
The funds will provide federal tax information annually, including information about dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year.
 
A fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. In that case, a fund’s return on those securities would be decreased. In addition, a fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate a fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of a fund’s distributions. If more than 50% of a fund’s assets at fiscal year-end is represented by debt and equity securities of foreign corporations, the funds intend to elect to permit shareholders who are U.S. citizens, resident aliens or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by a fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. For the purposes of the foreign tax credit, each such shareholder would include in gross income from foreign sources its pro rata share of such taxes. Certain limitations imposed by the Code may prevent shareholders from receiving a full foreign tax credit or deduction for their allocable amount of such taxes.
 
To the extent such investments are permissible for a fund, the fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, equity swap contracts and straddles will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, and wash sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term gains or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. A fund’s use of such transactions may result in
 
 
 
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the fund realizing more short-term capital gains (subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates) and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions.
 
The foregoing is a general summary of the federal income tax consequences of investing in a fund to shareholders who are U.S. citizens or U.S. corporations. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about the tax consequences of an investment in a fund in light of each shareholder’s particular tax situation. Shareholders should also consult their own tax advisors about consequences under foreign, state, local or other applicable tax laws.
 
 
 
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  (LAUDUS FUNDS LOGO)

 
 
COMMAND PERFORMANCETM 

 
For More Information About the Funds:
 
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides additional information about the funds. It is incorporated by reference into this prospectus and is legally considered a part of this prospectus.
 
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports:
Additional information about the funds’ investments is available in the funds’ Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders. In the funds’ Annual Report, you will find a discussion of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the funds’ performance during the last fiscal year.
 
You may review and copy, for a fee, the Trust’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the SAI in person at, or by writing to, the Public Reference Section of the Commission, Washington D.C. 20549-1520, or by electronic request via e-mail at the following address: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information on the operation of the Commission’s Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling 1-202-551-8090. You may obtain reports and other information about the funds for free from the EDGAR database on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
 
You may also obtain free copies of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports on the funds’ website at www.laudus.com/prospectus. To request that a copy of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports be mailed to you, free of charge, or to request other information about the funds or make shareholder inquiries, you may contact the funds at:
 
Laudus Trust
P.O. Box 8032
Boston, Massachusetts 02266
1.866.452.8387 Institutional Shares
1.866.452.8387 Registered Investment Professionals
1.800.447.3332 Investor Shares and Select Shares
 
 
 
LAUDUS TRUST
Investment Company Act File No. 811-5547
REG38764FLT-04 (7/2010)


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Prospectus
July 29, 2010
  (LAUDUS FUNDS LOGO)

 
 
COMMAND PERFORMANCETM 

Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund          LGILX
 
Investment Adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc.
 
 
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved these securities or passed on whether the information in this prospectus is adequate and accurate. Anyone who indicates otherwise is committing a federal crime.
 
Shareholder Services
1.800.447.3332 Retail Investors
1.866.452.8387 Registered Investment Professionals
www.laudus.com


 

 
 
 
Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund
 
     
     
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Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund
             
Ticker Symbol:   LGILX        
             

 
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
Fund fees and expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the fund.
 
     
 Shareholder fees (fees paid directly from your investment)
 
Redemption fee (as a % of the amount sold or exchanged within 30 days of purchase)   2.00
     
     
 Annual fund operating expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a % of the value of your investment)
Management fees   0.70
Distribution and shareholder service (12b-1) fees   None
Other expenses   0.29
     
Total annual fund operating expenses   0.99
Less expense reduction   (0.21)
     
Total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction1   0.78
     
 
1  The investment adviser has contractually agreed to limit total annual fund operating expenses (exclusive of interest, taxes and certain non-routine expenses) of the fund to 0.78% until at least July 30, 2012. During this term, the agreement may only be amended or terminated with the approval of the fund’s Board of Trustees. Any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to the investment adviser during the next two fiscal years to the extent that the repayment will not cause the fund’s total annual fund operating expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the agreement) during the respective year. The investment adviser may, but is not required to, extend the agreement for additional years.
 
 Example
 
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those time periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The one-year figure is based on total annual fund operating expenses after expense reduction. The expenses would be the same whether you stayed in the fund or sold your shares at the end of each period. Your actual costs may be higher or lower.
 
 Expenses on a $10,000 investment
 
             
1 year   3 years   5 years   10 years
$80
  $272   $505   $1,174
 
 Portfolio turnover
 
The fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in the annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the fund’s performance. During the period July 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010, the fund’s non-annualized portfolio turnover rate was 72% of the average value of its portfolio.
 
 
 
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Principal investment strategies
Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in equity securities of U.S. large capitalization companies. The fund defines large capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization of at least $3 billion at the time of investment. In addition, up to 20% of the fund’s net assets may be invested in foreign equity securities. Investments in equity securities include common stock and preferred stock. The fund may, but is not required to, use derivative instruments for risk management purposes or as part of the fund’s investment strategies.
 
In selecting securities, the subadviser seeks to invest in companies that possess dominant market positions or franchises, a major technological edge, or a unique competitive advantage. To this end, the subadviser considers earnings revision trends, expected earnings growth rates, sales acceleration, price earnings multiples and positive stock price momentum, when selecting securities. The subadviser expects that these companies can sustain an above average return on invested capital at a higher level and over a longer period of time than is reflected in the current market prices.
 
In deciding whether an investment is tied to the U.S., the subadviser considers a number of factors including whether the investment is issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies; the investment has its primary trading market in the U.S.; the issuer is organized under the laws of, derives at least 50% of its revenues from, or has at least 50% of its assets in, the U.S.; the investment is included in an index representative of the U.S.; and the investment is exposed to the economic fortunes and risks of the U.S.
 
For temporary defensive purposes during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money. The fund’s principal risks include:
 
Market Risk. Stock markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
Management Risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor stock selection or a focus on securities in a particular sector may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Equity Risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. In addition, equity markets tend to move in cycles, which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time.
 
Large-Cap Risk. The fund will principally invest in large-cap segments of the U.S. stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap U.S. stocks fall behind other types of investments — mid-or small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s large-cap holdings could reduce performance.
 
Growth Investing Risk. Growth stocks can be volatile. Growth companies usually invest a high portion of earnings in their businesses and may lack the dividends of value stocks that can cushion stock prices in a falling market. The prices of growth stocks are based largely on projections of the issuer’s future earnings and revenues. If a company’s earnings or revenues fall short of expectations, its stock price may fall dramatically. Growth stocks may also be more expensive relative to their earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks.
 
Foreign Investing Risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers may involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions; changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges); differing accounting, auditing, financial reporting and legal standards and practices; differing securities market structures; and higher transaction costs.
 
Derivatives Risk. The fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested. In addition, investments in derivatives may involve leverage, which means a small percentage of assets invested in derivatives can have a disproportionately larger impact on the fund.
 
Liquidity Risk. A particular investment may be difficult to purchase or sell. The fund may be unable to sell illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price.
 
 
 
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Securities Lending Risk. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent.
 
Your investment in the fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
 
For more information on the risks of investing in the fund please see the “Fund details” section in the prospectus.
 
Performance
The bar chart below shows how the fund’s investment results have varied from year to year, and the following table shows how the fund’s average annual total returns for various periods compared to that of an index. This information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the fund. All figures assume distributions were reinvested. Keep in mind that future performance (both before and after taxes) may differ from past performance. For current performance information, please see www.laudus.com/prospectus. On July 13, 2009, the fund commenced operations as a member of Laudus Trust by acquiring all of the assets and liabilities of the UBS U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund (UBS Fund) in a tax-free reorganization. The fund has investment objectives, strategies, and policies substantially similar to those of the UBS Fund, which was advised by UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc., the subadviser to the fund. The performance history of the fund prior to July 13, 2009 is that of the Class Y Shares of the UBS Fund.
 
 Annual total returns (%) as of 12/31
 
(GRAPH)
 
Best quarter: 17.30% Q2 2009
Worst quarter: (22.54%) Q4 2008
Year-to-date performance (non-annualized and before taxes) as of 6/30/2010: (10.18%)
 
 Average annual total returns (%) as of 12/31/09
 
                                 
                Since
    One
  Five
  Ten
  inception
    year   years   years   (10/14/97)
Before taxes
    49.58%       5.85%       (1.13% )     3.22%  
After taxes on distributions
    49.34%       5.78%       (1.55% )     2.59%  
After taxes on distributions and sale of shares
    32.20%       5.03%       (1.12% )     2.51%  
Comparative Index (reflects no deduction for expenses or taxes)
                               
Russell 1000 Growth Index
    37.21%       1.63%       (3.99% )     1.63%  
 
The after-tax figures reflect the highest individual federal income tax rates in effect during the period and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your individual tax situation. In addition, after-tax returns are not relevant if you hold your fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan, IRA or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Investment adviser
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
Subadviser
UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (UBS Global AM)
 
Portfolio manager
Lawrence G. Kemp, Managing Director of UBS Global AM and Head of the U.S. Large Cap Growth Equity portfolio construction team, has been a portfolio manager of the fund since July 2009.
 
 
 
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Purchase and sale of fund shares
The fund is open for business each day that the New York Stock Exchange is open. The minimum initial investment for the fund is $100. The fund may waive the minimum initial investment for certain investors.
 
You may invest directly in the fund by placing purchase, exchange and redemption orders through the fund’s transfer agent. Investors must contact the transfer agent by phone or in writing to obtain an account application. Investors may contact the transfer agent:
 
  •  by telephone at 1-800-447-3332; or
 
  •  by mail in writing at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266.
 
When you place orders to purchase, exchange or redeem fund shares through an account at Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) or another financial intermediary, you must follow Schwab’s or the other financial intermediary’s transaction procedures.
 
Tax information
Dividends and capital gains distributions received from the fund will generally be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through an IRA, 401(k) or other tax-advantaged account.
 
Payments to financial intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.
 
 
 
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Fund details
Investment objectives, strategies and risks
 
 
Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund
The following is a description of the investment objective, investment strategies and principal risks of the fund. Except as explicitly described otherwise, the investment objective, strategies and policies of the fund may be changed without shareholder approval.
 
Investment objective
The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation.
 
The fund’s investment objective is not fundamental, and, therefore, may be changed by the fund’s Board of Trustees without shareholder approval.
 
Investment strategy
Under normal circumstances, the fund invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in equity securities of U.S. large capitalization companies. The fund defines large capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization of at least $3 billion at the time of investment. In addition, up to 20% of the fund’s net assets may be invested in foreign equity securities. Investments in equity securities include common stock and preferred stock. The fund may, but is not required to, use derivative instruments (“derivatives”) for risk management purposes or as part of the fund’s investment strategies. Generally, derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate, or index, and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indexes. The principal types of derivatives used by the fund include options, futures and forward currency agreements. The fund may use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to manage or adjust the risk profile of the fund, to replace more traditional direct investments, or to obtain exposure to certain markets. The fund will notify shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change in its policy of investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in equity securities of U.S. large capitalization companies.
 
The fund will invest in companies within its capitalization range as described above. However, the fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities outside of this range. Further, if movement in the market price causes a security to change from one capitalization range to another, the fund is not required to dispose of the security.
 
The fund may engage in active and frequent trading of the securities in its portfolio (e.g., greater than 100% turnover), which would increase transaction costs incurred by the fund. In addition, when the fund engages in active and frequent trading, a larger portion of the distributions investors receive from the fund may reflect short-term capital gains which are taxed like ordinary income, rather than long-term capital gain distributions.
 
For temporary defensive purposes during unusual economic or market conditions or for liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short-term obligations. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
 
In selecting securities, the subadviser seeks to invest in companies that possess dominant market positions or franchises, a major technological edge, or a unique competitive advantage. To this end, the subadviser considers earnings revision trends, expected earnings growth rates, sales acceleration, price earnings multiples and positive stock price momentum, when selecting securities. The subadviser expects that these companies can sustain an above average return on invested capital at a higher level and over a longer period of time than is reflected in the current market prices.
 
In deciding whether an investment is tied to the U.S., the subadviser considers a number of factors including whether the investment is issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies; the investment has its primary trading market in the U.S.; the issuer is organized under the laws of, derives at least 50% of its revenues from, or has at least 50% of its assets in, the U.S.; the investment is included in an index representative of the U.S.; and the investment is exposed to the economic fortunes and risks of the U.S.
 
Principal risks
The fund is subject to risks, any of which could cause an investor to lose money.
 
Market Risk. Stock markets rise and fall daily. As with any investment whose performance is tied to these markets, the value of your investment in the fund will fluctuate, which means that you could lose money.
 
 
 
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Management Risk. As with all actively managed funds, the strategies of the fund’s subadviser may not achieve their desired results. Poor stock selection or a focus on securities in a particular sector may cause the fund to underperform its benchmark or other funds with a similar investment objective.
 
Equity Risk. The prices of equity securities rise and fall daily. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries or the securities market as a whole. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments. The prices of securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. In addition, the equity market tends to move in cycles which may cause stock prices to fall over short or extended periods of time. Due to their fixed income features, preferred stocks provide higher income potential than issuers’ common stocks, but typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes than the underlying common stock. The rights of common stockholders are generally subordinate to the rights associated with an issuer’s preferred stocks and the rights of preferred stockholders are generally subordinate to the rights associated with an issuer’s debt securities on the distribution of an issuer’s assets in the event of a liquidation.
 
Large-Cap Risk. Many of the risks of this fund are associated with its investment in the large-cap segments of the U.S. stock market. Large-cap stocks tend to go in and out of favor based on market and economic conditions. During a period when large-cap U.S. stocks fall behind other types of investments — mid-or small-cap stocks, for instance — the fund’s large-cap holdings could reduce performance.
 
Growth Investing Risk. Growth stocks can be volatile for several reasons. Since growth companies usually invest a high portion of earnings in their businesses, they may lack the dividends of value stocks that can cushion stock prices in a falling market. The prices of growth stocks are based largely on projections of the issuer’s future earnings and revenues. If a company’s earnings or revenues fall short of expectations, its stock price may fall dramatically. Growth stocks may also be more expensive relative to their earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks.
 
Foreign Investing Risk. The fund’s investments in securities of foreign issuers involve certain risks that are greater than those associated with investments in securities of U.S. issuers. These include risks of adverse changes in foreign economic, political, regulatory and other conditions, or changes in currency exchange rates or exchange control regulations (including limitations on currency movements and exchanges). In certain countries, legal remedies available to investors may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States. The securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and, at times, more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The fund may also experience more rapid or extreme changes in value as compared to a fund that invests solely in securities of U.S. companies because the securities’ markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a small number of industries. There also is the risk that the cost of buying, selling, and holding foreign securities, including brokerage, tax, and custody costs, may be higher than those involved in domestic transactions.
 
Currency Risk. As a result of the fund’s investments in securities denominated in, and/or receiving revenues in, foreign currencies, the fund will be subject to currency risk. This is the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency hedged. In either event, the dollar value of an investment in the fund would be adversely affected. Currencies in non-U.S. countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, intervention by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational agencies, such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad.
 
Derivatives Risk. The fund may, but is not required to, use derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to manage or adjust the risk profile of the fund, to replace more traditional direct investments, or to obtain exposure to certain markets. A future is an agreement to buy or sell a financial instrument at a specific price on a specific day. An option is the right to buy or sell an instrument at a specific price before a specific date. A forward currency agreement involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. The fund’s use of derivatives involves risks different from or possibly greater than the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments. Certain of these risks, such as leverage risk, market risk, liquidity risk and management risk, are discussed elsewhere in this section. The fund’s use of derivatives is also subject to credit risk, lack of availability risk, valuation risk, correlation risk and tax risk. Credit risk is the risk that the counterparty to a derivative may not fulfill its contractual obligations. Lack of availability risk is the risk that suitable derivatives may not be available in all circumstances for risk management or other purposes. Valuation risk is the risk that a particular derivative may be valued incorrectly. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. Tax risk
 
 
 
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is the risk that the use of derivatives may cause the fund to realize higher amounts of short-term capital gain. These risks could cause the fund to lose more than the principal amount invested.
 
Leverage Risk. The fund’s transactions in derivatives may give rise to a form of leverage and may expose the fund to greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value of the fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may cause the fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations.
 
Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when particular investments are difficult to purchase or sell. The market for certain investments may become illiquid due to specific adverse changes in the conditions of a particular issuer or under adverse market or economic conditions independent of the issuer. The fund’s investments in illiquid securities may reduce the returns of the fund because it may be unable to sell the illiquid securities at an advantageous time or price. Further, transactions in illiquid securities may entail transaction costs that are higher than those for transactions in liquid securities.
 
Securities Lending Risk. The fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund will also receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss of rights in the collateral or delay in recovery of the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.
 
Portfolio holdings
The fund may make various types of portfolio securities information available to shareholders. The fund generally posts a detailed list of the securities held by the fund at www.laudus.com/prospectus (under “Portfolio Holdings”), as of the most recent calendar quarter-end. This list is generally updated within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter remaining posted until at least the following calendar quarter. The fund also posts in the “Analysis & Commentary” section of the website fund fact sheets containing certain summary portfolio attributes, including top ten holdings, approximately 20-30 days after the end of the calendar quarter. The Trust may exclude any portion of these portfolio holdings from publication when deemed in the best interest of the fund. Further, information regarding the fund’s policy and procedures on the disclosure of portfolio securities information is available in the SAI. In addition, shareholders can learn more about the availability of portfolio securities information by calling the fund at 1-800-447-3332.
 
 
 
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This section provides further details about the fund’s financial history for the past five years. Certain information reflects financial results for a single fund share. “Total return” shows the percentage that an investor in the fund would have earned or lost during a given period, assuming all distributions were reinvested. The fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, audited these figures for fiscal year 2010. Their full report is included in the fund’s March 31, 2010 annual report (see back cover). Prior fiscal periods were audited by the UBS Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.
 
On July 13, 2009, the fund commenced operations as a member of Laudus Trust by acquiring all of the assets and liabilities of the UBS Fund in a tax-free reorganization. The financial history of the fund prior to that date is that of the Class Y Shares of the UBS Fund.
 
                                                     
    7/1/09–
    7/1/08–
    7/1/07–
    7/1/06–
    7/1/05–
    7/1/04–
     
    3/31/101     6/30/09     6/30/08     6/30/07     6/30/06     6/30/05      
Per-Share Data ($)
                                                   
                                                     
Net asset value at beginning of period
    8.68       11.45       10.94       9.02       8.38       7.85      
                                                     
Income (loss) from investment operations:
                                                   
Net investment income (loss)
    0.01 2     0.03 2     0.01 2     0.04 2     0.01 2     0.02 2    
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses)
    2.58       (2.80 )     0.59       1.90       0.64       0.51      
                                                     
Total from investment operations
    2.59       (2.77 )     0.60       1.94       0.65       0.53      
Less distributions:
                                                   
Distributions from net investment income
    (0.04 )           (0.01 )     (0.02 )     (0.01 )          
Distributions from net realized gains
                (0.08 )                      
                                                     
Total distributions
    (0.04 )           (0.09 )     (0.02 )     (0.01 )          
                                                     
Net asset value at end of period
    11.23       8.68       11.45       10.94       9.02       8.38      
                                                     
Total return (%)
    30.02 3     (24.19 )     5.52       21.51       7.72       6.75      
Ratios/Supplemental Data (%)
                                                   
                                                     
Ratios to average net assets:
                                                   
Net operating expenses
    0.78 4     0.80       0.80       0.80       0.80       0.80      
Gross operating expenses
    0.99 4     1.23       1.21       1.25       2.10       3.01      
Net investment income (loss)
    0.12 4     0.41       0.05       0.35       0.09       0.29      
Portfolio turnover rate
    72 3     132       102       112       137       145      
Net assets, end of period ($ x 1,000)
    214,872       54,344       76,175       62,529       4,797       3,078      
 
 
1 Effective July 13, 2009, all outstanding Class A, B, and C shares in the UBS Fund were converted to Class Y shares, and the UBS Fund’s assets were acquired by Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund which commenced operations on that day. The Financial Highlights above present the Y Class shares of the UBS Fund prior to the acquisition date of July 13, 2009 and Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund subsequent to that date. (Note that the UBS Fund had a fiscal year ending June 30 whereas the Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund has a fiscal year ending March 31).
 
2 Calculated based on the average shares outstanding during the period.
 
3 Not annualized.
 
4 Annualized.
 
 
 
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Management of the fund
 
 
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (CSIM), 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105, serves as the fund’s investment adviser. UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (UBS Global AM), One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606, serves as subadviser to the fund.
 
 
Founded in 1989, CSIM today serves as investment adviser for all of the Schwab Funds, Schwab ETFs and Laudus Funds. As of June 30, 2010, CSIM managed 85 mutual funds and approximately $187 billion in assets.
 
 
UBS Global AM is an investment management firm managing approximately $143 billion, as of March 31, 2010, primarily for institutional pension and profit sharing funds. UBS Global AM is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of UBS AG and a member of the UBS Global Asset Management Division, which had approximately $560 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2010.
 
 
In its capacity as subadviser, UBS Global AM provides day-to-day portfolio management services to the fund, while, as adviser, CSIM supervises UBS Global AM and assumes other functions, including managing the fund’s other affairs and business, subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees.
 
 
The fund pays CSIM an advisory fee for these services on a monthly basis. The fee paid is based on a percentage of the fund’s average daily net assets. CSIM — and not the fund — pays a portion of the advisory fees it receives to UBS Global AM in return for its services.
 
 
The following table shows the advisory fees, as a percentage of the fund’s average daily net assets, payable to CSIM by the fund:
 
     
     
First $500 million
  0.70%
     
$500 million to $1 billion
  0.65%
     
$1 billion to $1.5 billion
  0.60%
     
$1.5 billion to $2 billion
  0.575%
     
Above $2 billion
  0.55%
 
 
CSIM has entered into an expense limitation agreement to waive its management fees and bear certain expenses until July 30, 2012, to limit the total annual operating expenses of the fund. Under that agreement, any amounts waived or reimbursed in a particular fiscal year will be subject to reimbursement by the fund to CSIM during the next two fiscal years to the extent that repayment will not cause the fund’s expenses to exceed the limit (as stated in the expense limitation agreement) during the respective year.
 
 
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustee’s approval of the fund’s investment advisory and sub-advisory agreements is available in the fund’s semiannual report dated September 30, 2009, which covers the period July 1, 2009 through September 30, 2009.
 
 
Lawrence G. Kemp serves as the portfolio manager for the fund. Mr. Kemp, as portfolio manager and coordinator for management of the fund, is responsible for managing the portfolio and reviewing the overall composition of the portfolio to ensure its compliance with its stated investment objective and strategies. Mr. Kemp is Head of the U.S. Large Cap Growth Equity portfolio construction team at UBS Global AM. Mr. Kemp is also a Managing Director of UBS Global AM and has been an investment professional with the firm since 1992.
 
 
Additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities in the fund is available in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
 
 
 
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Investing in the fund
 
 
In this section, you will find information on buying, selling and exchanging shares. You may invest directly in the fund by placing orders through the fund’s transfer agent (direct orders).You may invest in the fund through an intermediary by placing orders through your brokerage account with a broker/dealer, investment adviser, 401(k) plan, employee benefit plan, administrator, bank, or other financial intermediary (intermediary) that is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the fund (intermediary orders). Helpful information on taxes is included as well.
 
Investing directly with the fund
 
Opening an account to place direct orders
You may place direct orders for the fund’s shares. First, you must open an account with the fund through the fund’s transfer agent, Boston Financial Data Services (transfer agent), prior to placing direct orders. You may obtain an account application by calling the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332. Your completed application and supporting documents must be returned to, and accepted by, the transfer agent before you can place direct orders. You cannot place direct orders through your account at an intermediary.
 
Initial and additional direct purchases by wire
Subject to acceptance by the fund, shares of the fund may be purchased by wiring federal funds. Please first contact the fund at 1-800-447-3332 for complete wiring instructions. Notification must be given to the fund at 1-800-447-3332 prior to the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on the wire date. Federal funds purchases will be accepted only on a day on which the fund, the distributor and the custodian are all open for business. A completed account application must be faxed to the fund on the day the wire is sent and must also be overnighted to the fund at Boston Financial Data Services, Inc., Attn: Laudus Trust, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. Please call 1-800-447-3332 for details.
 
Initial and additional direct purchases by mail
Subject to acceptance by the fund, you may open an account and make your initial purchase and any additional purchases of the fund’s shares by mail. To open an account by mail, complete and sign the account application and mail the account application, all supporting documents and a check for the desired purchase amount to the transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. The name of the fund should be specified on the account application. Additional investments may be made at any time by mailing a check (payable to Laudus Trust) to the transfer agent at the address above. Be sure to include your account number on your check.
 
Subject to acceptance by the fund, payment for the purchase of shares received by mail will be credited to a shareholder’s account at the net asset value per share of the fund next determined after receipt, even though the check may not yet have been converted into federal funds. For purposes of calculating the purchase price of fund shares, a purchase order is received by the fund on the day that it is in good order unless it is rejected by the fund’s transfer agent. For a cash purchase order of fund shares to be in good order on a particular day, a check must be received on or before the close of the fund (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time or the close of the NYSE, whichever is earlier) on that day. If the payment is received by the fund after the deadline, the purchase price of fund shares will be based upon the next determination of net asset value of fund shares. No currency, third party checks, foreign checks, starter checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or money orders will be accepted by the fund.
 
Automatic investment program
An eligible shareholder may also participate in the Laudus Funds Automatic Investment Program, an investment plan that automatically debits money from the shareholder’s bank account or an account at a broker or other intermediary and invests it in the fund through the use of electronic funds transfers. Investors may commence their participation in this program by making a minimum initial investment that satisfies the minimum investment amount for the fund and may elect to make subsequent investments by transfers of a minimum of $50 into their established fund account. Intermediaries may establish different minimum subsequent transaction amounts. You should contact the Trust for more information about the Laudus Funds Automatic Investment Program.
 
 
 
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Individual retirement accounts
The fund may be used to fund individual retirement accounts (IRAs). A special application must be completed in order to create such an account. Contributions to IRAs are subject to prevailing amount limits set by the Internal Revenue Service. For more information about IRAs, call the Trust at 1-800-447-3332.
 
Direct redemptions by telephone
If you authorized the telephone redemption option in the account application, you may place a redemption order by calling the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332 and requesting that the redemption proceeds be wired per the authorized instructions in the account application or mailed to the primary registration address. Your redemption order will be processed at the net asset value per share of the fund next determined after receipt of your telephone redemption order by the transfer agent. Please note that the transfer agent may only act on telephone instructions believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. The transfer agent’s records of such instructions are binding on the shareholder. The shareholder, not the fund or the transfer agent, bears the risk of loss in the event of unauthorized instructions reasonably believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. The transfer agent will employ reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated are genuine. These procedures include tape recording of telephone instructions and requiring some form of personal identification prior to acting upon instructions received by telephone.
 
Direct redemptions by mail
You may redeem your fund shares by mail by sending a request letter to the fund’s transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, PO Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266. Your redemption request will be processed by the fund at the net asset value per share of the fund next determined after the request is received in good order. To be in good order, the redemption request must include the name of the fund and the number of shares or the dollar amount to be redeemed, all required signatures, authorizations and any required signature guarantees, and other supporting legal documents, if required, in the case of estates, trusts, guardianships, custodianships, corporations, pension and profit sharing plans and other organizations.
 
Additional direct redemption information
To protect you, the fund and its service providers from fraud, signature guarantees may be required to enable the transfer agent to verify the identity of the person who has authorized a redemption from an account. Signature guarantees are required for (1) redemptions where the proceeds are to be sent to someone other than the registered shareholder(s) at the registered address, (2) redemptions if your account address has changed within the last 10 business days, (3) share transfer requests, and (4) redemptions where the proceeds are wired in connection with bank instructions not already on file with the transfer agent. Signature guarantees may be obtained from certain eligible financial institutions, including, but not limited to, the following: U.S. banks, trust companies, credit unions, securities brokers and dealers, savings and loan associations and participants in the Securities and Transfer Association Medallion Program (STAMP), the Stock Exchange Medallion Program (SEMP) or the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program (MSP). Signature guarantees from non-U.S. banks that do not include a stamp may require a U.S. consulate stamp. You may contact the transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332 for further details.
 
The fund will not make payment on redemptions of shares purchased by check until payment of the purchase price has been collected, which may take up to fifteen days after purchase. Shareholders can avoid this delay by utilizing the wire purchase option.
 
Systematic withdrawal plan
An owner of $12,000 or more of shares of the fund may elect to have periodic redemptions made from the investor’s account to be paid on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The maximum payment per year is 12% of the account value at the time of the election. The Trust will normally redeem a sufficient number of shares to make the scheduled redemption payments on a date selected by the shareholder. Depending on the size of the payment requested and fluctuation in the net asset value, if any, of the shares redeemed, redemptions for the purpose of making such payments may reduce or even exhaust the account. A shareholder may request that these payments be sent to a predesignated bank or other designated party. Capital gains and dividend distributions paid to the account will automatically be reinvested at net asset value on the distribution payment date.
 
Direct exchange privileges
Upon request, and subject to certain limitations, shares of the fund, may be exchanged into shares of any other fund of the Trust. In order to exchange your shares to another fund of the Trust, you must satisfy the minimum requirements for a class of shares of the new fund. Direct investors should contact the Trust at 1-800-447-3332. Although the Trust has no current intention of terminating or modifying the exchange privileges, it reserves the right to do so at any time. An
 
 
 
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exchange of your shares for shares of another Laudus Fund is taxable as a sale of a security on which a gain or loss may be recognized. Shareholders should receive written confirmation of an exchange within a few days of the completion of the transaction. A new account opened by exchange must be established with the same name(s), address(es) and social security number(s) as the existing account. All exchanges will be made based on the respective net asset values next determined following receipt of the request by the fund containing the information indicated below. Shareholders should obtain and read the prospectus for the fund into which you are exchanging prior to placing your order.
 
Direct exchanges by telephone
If you authorized the telephone redemption option in the account application, you may exchange fund shares by telephone by calling the fund’s transfer agent at 1-800-447-3332. Please be prepared to provide the following information: (a) the account number, tax identification number and account registration; (b) the class of shares to be exchanged from and into; (c) the name of the fund from which and the fund into which the exchange is to be made; and (d) the dollar or share amount to be exchanged. Please note that the transfer agent may act only on telephone instructions believed by the transfer agent to be genuine. Please see the section entitled “Direct redemptions by telephone” for more information regarding transacting with the fund’s transfer agent via telephone.
 
Direct exchanges by mail
To exchange fund shares by mail, simply send a letter of instruction to the fund’s transfer agent at Boston Financial Data Services, Attn: Laudus Trust, PO Box 8032, Boston, MA 02266. The letter of instruction must include: (a) your account number; (b) the class of shares to be exchanged from and into; (c) the fund from and the fund into which the exchange is to be made; (d) the dollar or share amount to be exchanged; and (e) the signatures of all registered owners or authorized parties.
 
The fund reserves the right to suspend or terminate the privilege of exchanging shares of the fund by mail or by telephone at any time.
 
Investing through a financial intermediary
 
Placing orders through your intermediary
When you place orders through an intermediary, you are not placing your orders directly with the fund, and you must follow the intermediary’s transaction procedures. Your intermediary may impose different or additional conditions than the fund on purchases, redemptions and exchanges of fund shares. These differences may include initial, subsequent and maintenance investment requirements, exchange policies, fund choices, cut-off times for investment and trading restrictions. Your intermediary may independently establish and charge its customers transaction fees, account fees and other fees in addition to the fees charged by the fund. These additional fees may vary over time and would increase the cost of your investment and lower investment returns. You should consult your intermediary directly for information regarding these conditions and fees. The fund is not responsible for the failure of your intermediary to carry out its responsibilities.
 
Only certain intermediaries are authorized to accept orders on behalf of the fund. If your fund shares are no longer held by an authorized intermediary, the fund may impose restrictions on your ability to manage or maintain your shares. For example, you will not be able to place orders to purchase additional shares. To remove these restrictions, you have two options. First, you may move your shares to another intermediary that is authorized to accept fund orders. Second, you may maintain a direct account with the fund if your completed account application and supporting documentation is returned to and accepted by the fund’s transfer agent.
 
Other investing information
 
For purposes of calculating the purchase price of fund shares, a purchase order is received by the Trust on the day that it is in “good order” unless it is rejected by the transfer agent. For a cash purchase order of fund shares to be in “good order” on a particular day, a check or money wire must be received on or before the close of the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on that day. If the payment is received by the Trust after the deadline, the purchase price of fund shares will be based upon the next determination of net asset value of fund shares. No currency, third party checks, foreign checks, starter checks, credit card checks, traveler’s checks or money orders will be accepted.
 
The Trust reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to suspend the offering of shares of the fund or to reject purchase orders when, in its judgment, such suspension or rejection would be in the best interests of the Trust or the fund. The Trust discourages market timing and maintains procedures designed to provide reasonable assurances that such activity will be identified and terminated, including the imposition of the redemption fee. You may be subject to a fee of 2% if
 
 
 
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you redeem or exchange your shares within 30 days of purchase. Purchases of the fund’s shares may be made in full or in fractional shares of the fund (calculated to three decimal places). In the interest of economy and convenience, certificates for shares will not be issued.
 
When selling or exchanging shares, you should be aware of the following fund policies:
 
•  The fund may take up to seven days to pay sale proceeds.
 
•  The fund reserves the right to redeem your shares in-kind (i.e., for portfolio securities) in accordance with the fund’s procedures and applicable regulatory requirements.
 
•  Exchange orders are limited to other funds of the Laudus Trust and must meet the minimum investment and other requirements for the fund and share class into which you are exchanging.
 
•  If you are selling shares that were recently purchased by check, the proceeds may be delayed until the check for purchase clears; this may take up to 15 days from the date of purchase.
 
•  You should read the prospectus for the fund into which you are exchanging prior to placing your order.
 
Further redemption information
 
The fund reserves the right to redeem your shares in-kind in accordance with the fund’s procedures and applicable regulatory requirements. If CSIM determines that it would not be in the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the fund to make a redemption payment wholly or partly in cash, the fund may instead pay the redemption price in whole or in part by a distribution in-kind of readily marketable securities held by the fund. The Trust may commit itself to pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount with respect to each shareholder during any 90-day period to the lesser of: (i) $250,000, or (ii) one percent of net asset value of such fund at the beginning of such period. Securities used to redeem fund shares in-kind will be valued in accordance with the fund’s valuation procedures described in this prospectus. Securities distributed by the fund in-kind will be selected by the subadviser, under CSIM’s supervision, in light of the fund’s objective and generally will be a pro rata distribution of each security held in the fund’s portfolio. Investors may incur brokerage charges on the sale of securities received.
 
The fund may suspend the right of redemption and may postpone payment for a reasonable period when the NYSE is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), during periods when trading on the NYSE is restricted or during an emergency declared by the SEC which makes it impracticable for the fund to dispose of their securities or to determine the value of their net assets fairly, or during any other period permitted by the SEC for the protection of investors.
 
Share price
 
The fund is open for business each day that the NYSE is open. The fund calculates its share price each business day as of the close of the NYSE (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time). The fund’s share price is its net asset value per share, or NAV, which is the fund’s net assets divided by the number of its shares outstanding. Orders to buy, sell or exchange shares that are received by the fund in good order on or prior to the close of the fund (generally 4 p.m. Eastern time) will be executed at the next share price calculated that day.
 
When you place an order through your account at an intermediary, please consult with your intermediary to determine when your order will be executed. Generally, you will receive the share price next calculated after the fund receives your order from your intermediary. However, some intermediaries, may arrange with the fund for you to receive the share price next calculated after your intermediary has received your order. Some intermediaries may require that they receive orders prior to a specified cut-off time.
 
In valuing its securities, the fund uses market quotes or official closing prices if they are readily available. In cases where quotes are not readily available or the adviser deems them unreliable, the fund may value securities based on fair values developed using methods approved by the fund’s Board of Trustees.
 
Shareholders of the fund should be aware that because foreign markets are often open on weekends and other days when the fund is closed, the value of the fund’s portfolio may change on days when it is not possible to buy or sell shares of the fund.
 
 
 
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Additional policies affecting your investment
 
Distributor
Shares of the fund are offered on a continuous basis through the Trust’s principal underwriter, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (distributor). The distributor’s principal offices are located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Co 80203.
 
Investment minimums
The following table sets forth basic investment information for the fund.
 
     
Minimum initial investment    
     
$100
   
 
Shares may be purchased by institutions, certain individual retirement accounts and individuals. In order to be eligible to purchase fund shares, an investor must make an initial investment of at least $100. In its sole discretion, CSIM may waive this minimum investment requirement. CSIM may waive this investment minimum for 401(a), 401(k), 457 and 403(b) benefit plans, and for accounts held through certain intermediaries, including those who have made arrangements with the fund to offer shares to their clients as part of various asset allocation programs. The minimum may also be waived for certain other investors, including directors, officers and employees of The Charles Schwab Corporation and UBS.
 
The Trustees have authorized the Trust to reimburse, out of the assets of the fund, intermediaries that provide sub-accounting and sub-transfer agency services an amount up to 0.10% of the average daily net assets of the fund on an annual basis.
 
Shares of the fund may be sold to corporations or other institutions such as trusts, foundations, broker-dealers or other intermediaries purchasing for the accounts of others. Investors purchasing and redeeming shares of the fund through an intermediary may be charged a transaction-based fee or other fee for the services provided by the intermediary. Each such intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions with respect to purchases and redemptions of fund shares. Customers of intermediaries should read this prospectus in light of the terms governing accounts with their particular organization.
 
Please note that intermediaries may impose additional or different conditions than the fund on purchases, redemptions or exchanges of fund shares, including different initial, subsequent and maintenance investment requirements.
 
The fund reserves certain rights, including the following:
 
•  To materially modify or terminate the exchange privilege upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders.
 
•  To change or waive the fund’s investment minimums.
 
•  To withdraw or suspend any part of the offering made by this prospectus.
 
Payments by the investment adviser or its affiliates
The investment adviser or its affiliates may make cash payments out of their own resources, or provide products and services at a discount, to certain brokerage firms, banks, retirement plan service providers and other financial intermediaries that perform shareholder, recordkeeping, sub-accounting and other administrative services in connection with investments in fund shares. These payments or discounts are separate from, and may be in addition to, any shareholder service fees or other administrative fees the funds may pay to those intermediaries The investment adviser or its affiliates may also make cash payments out of their own resources, or provide products and services at a discount, to certain financial intermediaries that perform distribution, marketing, promotional or other distribution-related services. The payments or discounts described by this paragraph may be substantial; however, distribution-related services provided by such intermediaries are paid by the investment adviser or its affiliates, not by the fund or its shareholders.
 
Policy regarding short-term or excessive trading
The fund is intended for long-term investment and not for short-term or excessive trading (collectively “market timing”). Market timing may adversely impact the fund’s performance by disrupting the efficient management of the fund, increasing fund transaction costs and taxes, causing the fund to maintain higher cash balances, and diluting the value of the fund’s shares.
 
To discourage market timing, the fund’s Board of Trustees has adopted policies and procedures that are reasonably designed to reduce the risk of market timing by fund shareholders. The fund seeks to deter market timing through several methods. These methods may include: fair value pricing, imposition of redemption fees and trade activity monitoring. Fair value pricing and redemption fees are discussed more thoroughly in the subsequent pages of this prospectus and are
 
 
 
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considered to be key elements of the fund’s policy regarding short term or excessive trading. Trade activity monitoring is risk based and seeks to identify patterns of activity in amounts that might be detrimental to the fund.
 
Although these methods are designed to discourage market timing, there can be no guarantee that the fund will be able to identify and restrict investors that engage in such activities. In addition, some of these methods are inherently subjective and involve judgment in their application. The fund and its service providers seek to make these judgments and applications uniformly and in a manner that they believe is consistent with interests of the fund’s long-term shareholders. The fund may amend these policies and procedures in response to changing regulatory requirements or to enhance the effectiveness of the program.
 
The fund or its service providers maintain risk-based surveillance procedures designed to detect market timing in fund shares in amounts that might be detrimental to the fund. Under these procedures, the fund has requested that service providers to the fund monitor transactional activity in amounts and frequency determined by the fund to be significant to the fund and in a pattern of activity that potentially could be detrimental to the fund. If the fund, in its sole discretion based on these or other factors, determines that a shareholder has engaged in market timing, it may refuse to process future purchases or exchanges into the fund by that shareholder. These procedures may be modified from time to time as appropriate to improve the detection of market timing and to comply with applicable laws.
 
If trades are effected through a financial intermediary, the fund or its service providers will work with the intermediary to monitor possible market timing activity. The fund reserves the right to contact the intermediary to provide certain shareholder transaction information and may require the intermediary to restrict the shareholder from future purchases or exchanges in the fund. Transactions by fund shareholders investing through intermediaries may also be subject to the restrictions of the intermediary’s own frequent trading policies, which may differ from those of the fund. The fund may defer to an intermediary’s frequent trading policies with respect to those shareholders who invest in the fund through such intermediary. The fund will defer to an intermediary’s policies only after the fund determines that the intermediary’s frequent trading policies are reasonably designed to deter transactional activity in amounts and frequency that are deemed to be significant to the fund and in a pattern of activity that potentially could be detrimental to the fund. Shareholders should consult with their intermediary to determine if additional frequent trading restrictions apply to their fund transactions.
 
The fund reserves the right to restrict, reject or cancel within a reasonable time, without prior notice, any purchase or exchange order for any reason.
 
Fair value pricing
The Board of Trustees has adopted procedures to fair value the fund’s securities when market prices are not “readily available” or are unreliable. For example, the fund may fair value a security when a security is de-listed or its trading is halted or suspended; when a security’s primary pricing source is unable or unwilling to provide a price; when a security’s primary trading market is closed during regular market hours; or when a security’s value is materially affected by events occurring after the close of the security’s primary trading market.
 
By fair valuing securities whose prices may have been affected by events occurring after the close of trading, the fund seeks to establish prices that investors might expect to realize upon the current sales of these securities. This methodology is designed to deter “arbitrage” market timers, who seek to exploit delays between the change in the value of the fund’s portfolio holdings and the net asset value of the fund’s shares, and seeks to help ensure that the prices at which the fund’s shares are purchased and redeemed are fair and do not result in dilution of shareholder interest or other harm to shareholders.
 
The fund makes fair value determinations in good faith in accordance with the fund’s valuation procedures. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, there can be no assurance that the fund could obtain the fair value assigned to the security upon the sale of such security.
 
Redemption fee
Shares redeemed or exchanged within 30 days of purchase, which shall be calculated to include the 30th day, will be subject to a fee of 2%, which is intended to limit short-term trading in the fund, or to the extent that short-term trading persists, to impose the costs of that type of activity on the shareholders who engage in it. Such fee will be paid to the fund. The fund treats shares that have been held the longest as being redeemed first. Fund shares purchased with reinvested dividends are not subject to redemption fees. The fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to waive such fee when, in its judgment, such waiver would be in the best interests of the fund. The fund may waive the redemption fee for retirement plans, wrap or fee-based programs, charitable giving funds, unregistered separate accounts, redemptions pursuant to rebalancing programs or systematic withdrawal plans established by the fund or financial intermediaries, and
 
 
 
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registered investment companies and redemptions initiated by the fund. In addition, certain financial intermediaries may use criteria and methods for tracking, applying and calculating the fees that are different from the fund’s but which the fund, in its discretion, may determine are in the best interests of the fund. While the fund discourages mutual fund market timing and maintains procedures designed to provide reasonable assurances that such activity will be identified and terminated, including the imposition of the redemption fee described above, no policy or procedure can guarantee that all such activity will in fact be identified or that such activity can be completely eliminated. The fund reserves the right to modify or eliminate the redemption fees or waivers at any time.
 
Customer identification and verification and anti-money laundering program
Federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person who opens an account. When you open your account, you will have to provide your name, address, date of birth, identification number and other information that will allow the fund or your financial intermediary to identify you. This information is subject to verification to ensure the identity of all persons opening an account.
 
The fund or your financial intermediary is required by law to reject your new account application if the required identifying information is not provided. The fund or your financial intermediary may contact you in an attempt to collect any missing information required on the application, and your application may be rejected if they are unable to obtain this information. In certain instances, the fund or your financial intermediary is required to collect documents, which will be used solely to establish and verify your identity.
 
The fund will accept investments and your order will be processed at the NAV next determined after receipt of your application in proper form (or upon receipt of all identifying information required on the application). The fund, however, reserves the right to close and/or liquidate your account at the then-current day’s price if the fund or your financial intermediary is unable to verify your identity. As a result, you may be subject to a gain or loss on fund shares and will be subject to corresponding tax consequences.
 
Customer identification and verification is part of the fund’s overall obligation to deter money laundering under Federal law. The fund has adopted an Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Program designed to prevent the fund from being used for money laundering or the financing of terrorist activities. In this regard, the fund reserves the right to (i) refuse, cancel or rescind any purchase or exchange order; (ii) freeze any account and/or suspend account services; or (iii) involuntarily close your account in cases of threatening conduct or suspected fraudulent or illegal activity. These actions will be taken when, in the sole discretion of fund management, they are deemed to be in the best interest of the fund or in cases when the fund is requested or compelled to do so by governmental or law enforcement authority. If your account is closed at the request of governmental or law enforcement authority, you may not receive proceeds of the redemption if the fund is required to withhold such proceeds.
 
A note on mailing procedures: If two or more members of a household own the fund, we may economize on fund expenses by sending only one financial report and prospectus. If you need additional copies or do not want your mailings to be “householded”, please call the Trust at 1-800-447-3332 or write to the Trust.
 
Distributions and taxes
 
The fund intends to pay out as dividends substantially all of its net income and net short-term and long-term capital gains (after reduction by any available capital loss carry-forwards). It is the policy of the fund to declare and pay distributions of its dividends and interest annually, although it may do so more frequently as determined by the Trustees of the Trust. The fund’s policy is to distribute net short-term capital gains and net long-term gains annually, although it may do so more frequently as determined by the Trustees of the Trust to the extent permitted by applicable regulations. During the fourth quarter of the year, typically in early November, an estimate of the fund’s year-end distribution, if any, may be made available on the fund’s website: www.laudus.com. The amount of any distribution will change and there is no guarantee the fund will declare and pay dividend income or distribute a capital gain.
 
All dividends and/or distributions will be paid out in the form of additional shares of the fund at net asset value unless the shareholder elects to receive cash. Shareholders may make this election by marking the appropriate box on the account application or by writing to the Trust.
 
If you elect to receive distributions in cash and checks are returned and marked as “undeliverable” or remain uncashed for six months, your cash election will be changed automatically and your future dividend and capital gains distributions will be reinvested in that fund at the per share net asset value determined as of the date of payment of the distribution. In addition, any undeliverable checks or checks that remain uncashed for six months will be canceled and will be reinvested in that fund at the per share net asset value determined as of the date of cancellation.
 
 
 
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The fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (Code) and to meet all requirements necessary to avoid paying any federal income or excise taxes. For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the fund as capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and fund level. The fund will notify its shareholders as to what portion of fund distributions are designated as qualified dividend income.
 
Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the fund before a shareholder’s investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or in the form of additional shares of the fund to which the distribution relates. Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains. For tax purposes, an exchange of your fund shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. The gain or loss generally will be treated as short term if you held the shares for 12 months or less, long term if you held the shares for longer.
 
Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced — in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets — for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010.
 
The fund will provide federal tax information annually, including information about dividends and distributions paid during the preceding year.
 
The fund’s investments in foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. In that case, the fund’s return on those securities would be decreased. In addition, the fund’s investments in foreign securities or foreign currencies may increase or accelerate the fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the fund’s distributions. If more than 50% of the fund’s assets at fiscal year-end is represented by debt and equity securities of foreign corporations, the fund intends to elect to permit shareholders who are U.S. citizens, resident aliens or U.S. corporations to claim a foreign tax credit or deduction (but not both) on their U.S. income tax returns for their pro rata portion of qualified taxes paid by a fund to foreign countries in respect of foreign securities the fund has held for at least the minimum period specified in the Code. For the purposes of the foreign tax credit, each such shareholder would include in gross income from foreign sources its pro rata share of such taxes. Certain limitations imposed by the Code may prevent shareholders from receiving a full foreign tax credit or deduction for their allocable amount of such taxes.
 
To the extent such investments are permissable for the fund, the fund’s transactions in derivatives will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, and wash sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term gains or convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders. The fund’s use of such transactions may result in the fund realizing more short-term capital gains (subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates) and ordinary income subject to tax at ordinary income tax rates than it would if it did not engage in such transactions.
 
The foregoing is a general summary of the federal income tax consequences of investing in the fund to shareholders who are U.S. citizens or U.S. corporations. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors about the tax consequences of an investment in the fund in light of each shareholder’s particular tax situation. Shareholders should also consult their own tax advisors about consequences under foreign, state, local or other applicable tax laws.
 
 
 
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  (LAUDUS FUNDS LOGO)

 
 
COMMAND PERFORMANCETM 

 
For More Information about the Fund:
 
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides additional information about the fund. It is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus and is legally considered a part of this Prospectus.
 
Annual and Semi-Annual Reports:
Additional information about the fund’s investments will be available in the fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports to shareholders. In the fund’s Annual Report, you will find a discussion of market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance during the last fiscal year.
 
You may review and copy, for a fee, the fund’s Annual and Semi-Annual Reports and the SAI in person at, or by writing to, the Public Reference Section of the Commission, Washington D.C. 20549-1520, or by electronic request via e-mail at the following addresses: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information on the operation of the Commission’s Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling 1-202-551-8090. You may obtain reports and other information about the fund for free from the EDGAR database on the Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
 
You may also obtain free copies of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports on the fund’s website at www.laudus.com/prospectus. To request that a copy of the SAI and the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports be mailed to you, free of charge, or to request other information about the fund or make shareholder inquiries, you may contact the fund at:
 
Laudus Trust
P.O. Box 8032
Boston, Massachusetts 02266
1.800.447.3332 Retail Investors
1.866.452.8387 Registered Investment Professionals
 
 
 
LAUDUS TRUST
Investment Company Act File No. 811-5547
REG48076-02 (07/2010)


LAUDUS TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
LAUDUS MONDRIAN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
Investor Shares: LIEQX               Select Shares: LIEFX               Institutional Shares: LIEIX
LAUDUS MONDRIAN GLOBAL EQUITY FUND
Investor Shares: LGEQX               Select Shares: LGESX               Institutional Shares: LGEVX
LAUDUS MONDRIAN EMERGING MARKETS FUND
Investor Shares: LEMIX               Select Shares: LEMSX               Institutional Shares: LEMNX
LAUDUS MONDRIAN INTERNATIONAL FIXED INCOME FUND
LIFNX
JULY 29, 2010
The Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the funds’ prospectus dated July 29, 2010. To obtain a free copy of the prospectus, please contact Laudus Trust at P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266 or visit the funds’ website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
Each fund is a series of the Laudus Trust (the “Trust”).
The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and financial statements of the funds included in the funds’ Annual Report for the period ended March 31, 2010 (the “Annual Report”) are incorporated by reference into this SAI. A copy of the funds’ Annual Report is delivered with the SAI. You can get a copy of the Annual Report by contacting the funds at: 1.888.352.8387 or visiting the funds’ website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, SECURITIES, STRATEGIES, RISKS AND LIMITATIONS
Notice on Shareholder Approval. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information, the investment objective and policies of each of the funds may be changed without shareholder approval.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES
LAUDUS MONDRIAN INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND seeks long-term capital appreciation.
LAUDUS MONDRIAN GLOBAL EQUITY FUND seeks long-term capital appreciation.
LAUDUS MONDRIAN EMERGING MARKETS FUND seeks long-term capital appreciation.
LAUDUS MONDRIAN INTERNATIONAL FIXED INCOME FUND seeks long-term total return consistent with its value-oriented investment approach.
The following investment policies, securities, strategies, risks and limitations supplement those set forth in the prospectus and may be changed without shareholder approval unless otherwise noted. Also, policies and limitations that state a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in a security or other asset, or that set forth a quality standard, shall be measured immediately after and as a result of a fund’s acquisition of such security or asset unless otherwise noted. Thus, any subsequent change in values, net assets or other circumstances does not require a fund to sell an investment if it could not then make the same investment. There is no guarantee the funds will achieve their objectives.
FUND INVESTMENT POLICIES
The Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund will invest primarily in equity securities of non-U.S. large capitalization issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that in the Subadviser’s (as defined herein) opinion, are undervalued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed by the Subadviser. Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy. The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index. In considering possible emerging countries in which the fund may invest, the Subadviser will place particular emphasis on factors such as economic conditions (including growth trends, inflation rates, and trade balances), regulatory and currency controls, accounting standards, and political and social conditions.
The Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund will invest in equity securities of both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers, including the securities of emerging market companies, that, is the Subadviser’s opinion, are under valued at the time of purchase based on fundamental value analysis employed be the Subadviser. It is the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund’s policy that, under normal circumstances, it will invest at least 80% of its net assets (including, for this purpose, any borrowings for investment purposes) in equity securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy.
It is the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund’s policy that, under normal circumstances, it will invest at least 80% of its net assets in the securities of emerging markets issuers. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy. For purposes of this policy, net assets mean net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. The Subadviser considers an emerging country equity security to be one that is issued by a company that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: (1) its principal securities trading market is in an emerging country, as defined above; (2) while traded in any market, alone or on a consolidated basis, the company derives 50% or more of its annual revenues or annual profits from either goods produced, sales made or services performed in emerging countries; or (3) the company has 50% of more of its assets located in an emerging country; or (4) it is organized under

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the laws of, and has a principal office in, an emerging country. The Subadviser determines eligibility based on publicly available information and inquiries made of the companies. The fund considers an “emerging country” to be any country that is included in the International Finance Corporation Free Index or Morgan Stanley Capital International Emerging Markets Index. In addition, any country which is generally recognized to be an emerging or developing country by the international financial community, including the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation, as well as any country that is classified by the United Nations or otherwise regarded by its authorities as developing, will be considered to be an “emerging country.” There are more than 130 countries that are generally considered to be emerging or developing countries by the international financial community, approximately 40 of which currently have stock markets. Almost every nation in the world is included within this group of developing or emerging countries except the United States, Canada, and those in the Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE Index.
In considering possible emerging countries in which the fund may invest, the Subadviser will place particular emphasis on factors such as economic conditions (including growth trends, inflation rates, and trade balances), regulatory and currency controls, accounting standards, and political and social conditions.
It is the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund’s policy that, under normal circumstances, it will invest at least 80% of its net assets in fixed income securities. The fund will notify its shareholders at least 60 days before changing this policy. For purposes of this policy, net assets mean net assets plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.
Each fund seeks to qualify as a “diversified” investment company under provisions of Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code, as amended; however, with the exception of the Global Equity Fund, the funds will not be diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. A non-diversified portfolio is believed to be subject to greater risk and volatility because adverse effects on the portfolio’s security holdings may affect a larger portion of the overall assets.
In determining whether a company is domestic or international, the funds will consider various factors, including where the company is headquartered, where the company’s principal operations are located, where the company’s revenues are derived, where the principal trading market is located and the country in which the company is legally organized.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
The different types of investments that the funds typically may invest in, the investment techniques they may use and the risks normally associated with these investments are discussed below. Not all securities or techniques discussed below are eligible investments for each fund. A fund will make investments that are intended to help achieve its investment objective.
BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES or notes are credit instruments evidencing a bank’s obligation to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the full amount of the instrument upon maturity. A fund will invest only in bankers’ acceptances of banks that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million.
BOND SUBSTITUTION is a strategy whereby a fund may, from time to time, substitute one type of investment-grade bond for another. This means that, as an example, a fund may have a higher weighting in corporate bonds and a lower weighting in U.S. Treasury securities than its index in order to increase income. This particular substitution — a corporate bond substitution — may increase a fund’s credit risk, although this may be mitigated through increased diversification in the corporate sector of the bond market.
BORROWING. A fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes; for example, a fund may borrow at times to meet redemption requests rather than sell portfolio securities to raise the necessary cash. A fund’s borrowings will be subject to interest costs. Borrowing can also involve leveraging when securities are purchased with the borrowed money.

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Leveraging creates interest expenses that can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowed money. In addition, leveraging may magnify changes in the net asset value of a fund’s shares and in its portfolio yield. A fund will earmark or segregate assets to cover such borrowings in accordance with positions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If assets used to secure a borrowing decrease in value, a fund may be required to pledge additional collateral to avoid liquidation of those assets.
Each fund may establish lines-of-credit (“lines”) with certain banks by which it may borrow funds for temporary or emergency purposes. A borrowing is presumed to be for temporary or emergency purposes if it is repaid by a fund within 60 days and is not extended or renewed. Each fund may use the lines to meet large or unexpected redemptions that would otherwise force a fund to liquidate securities under circumstances which are unfavorable to the fund’s remaining shareholders. Each fund will pay a fee to the bank for using the lines.
BRADY BONDS. The funds may invest in Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are debt securities issued under the framework of the Brady Plan, an initiative announced by the U.S. Treasury Secretary, Nicholas F. Brady in 1989, as a mechanism for debtor nations to restructure their outstanding external indebtedness (generally, commercial bank debt). Brady Bonds tend to be lower quality and more speculative than securities of developed country issuers.
Each fund may invest in Brady Bonds. Brady Bonds are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings under a debt restructuring plan introduced by former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, Nicholas F. Brady (the “Brady Plan”). Brady Plan debt restructurings have been implemented in a number of countries, including: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Jordan, Mexico, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar) and are actively traded in the over-the-counter secondary market. Brady Bonds are not considered to be U.S. Government securities. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year’s interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to “value recovery payments” in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”). Most Mexican Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity fully collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and interest coupon payments collateralized on an 18-month rolling-forward basis by funds held in escrow by an agent for the bondholders. A significant portion of the Venezuelan Brady Bonds and the Argentine Brady Bonds issued to date have principal repayments at final maturity collateralized by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds (or comparable collateral denominated in other currencies) and/or interest coupon payments collateralized on a 14-month (for Venezuela) or 12-month (for Argentina) rolling-forward basis by securities held by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York as collateral agent.
Brady Bonds involve various risk factors including residual risk and the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which a fund may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause the fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.
CAPITAL SECURITIES are certain subordinated bank securities. They are bank obligations that fall below senior unsecured debt and deposits in liquidation. A bank’s capital comprises share capital reserves and a series of hybrid instruments also known as capital securities. These securities are used to augment equity Tier 1 and are usually in the

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form of subordinated debt. A capital security has to adhere to supervisory guidelines concerning its characteristics such as amount, maturity, subordination and deferral language in order to count as capital. Regulators across the world tend to look toward the Bank for International Settlements (“BIS”) for guidance in setting the capital adequacy framework for banks. Regulators use these guidelines to place limits on the proportions and type of capital (including capital securities) allowed to make up the capital base. Capital adequacy requires not just a certain quantity of capital but certain types in relationship to the nature of a bank’s assets. Capital securities may be denominated in U.S. or local currency.
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT or time deposits are issued against funds deposited in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. A fund will invest only in certificates of deposit of banks that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million.
COMMERCIAL PAPER consists of short term, promissory notes issued by banks, corporations and other institutions to finance short term credit needs. These securities generally are discounted but sometimes may be interest bearing. Commercial paper, which also may be unsecured, is subject to credit risk.
CONCENTRATION means that substantial amounts of assets are invested in a particular industry or group of industries. Concentration increases investment exposure to industry risk. For example, the automobile industry may have a greater exposure to a single factor, such as an increase in the price of oil, which may adversely affect the sale of automobiles and, as a result, the value of the industry’s securities. Each fund will not concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries.
CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS may be entered into for investment purposes. As the seller in a credit default swap contract, a fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
A fund may also purchase credit default swap contracts in order to hedge against the risk of default of debt securities held in its portfolio, in which case the fund would function as the counterparty referenced in the preceding paragraph. This would involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would only generate income in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit risk — that the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the fund in the event of a default.
CREDIT AND LIQUIDITY supports may be employed by issuers to reduce the credit risk of their securities. Credit supports include letters of credit, insurance, total return and credit swap agreements and guarantees provided by foreign and domestic entities. Liquidity supports include puts, and demand features. Most of these arrangements move the credit risk of an investment from the issuer of the security to the support provider. Changes in the credit quality of a support provider could cause losses to a fund, and affect its share price.
DEBT SECURITIES are obligations issued by domestic and foreign entities, including governments and corporations, in order to raise money. They are basically “IOUs,” but are commonly referred to as bonds or money market securities. These securities normally require the issuer to pay a fixed, variable or floating rate of interest on the amount of money borrowed (“principal”) until it is paid back upon maturity.
Debt securities experience price changes when interest rates change. For example, when interest rates fall, the prices of debt securities generally rise. Also, issuers tend to pre-pay their outstanding debts and issue new ones paying lower interest rates. This is especially true for bonds with sinking fund provisions, which commit the issuer to set aside a certain amount of money to cover timely repayment of principal and typically allow the issuer to annually repurchase certain of its outstanding bonds from the open market or at a pre-set call price.

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Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, prepayment on outstanding debt securities generally will not occur. This is known as extension risk and may cause the value of debt securities to depreciate as a result of the higher market interest rates. Typically, longer-maturity securities react to interest rate changes more severely than shorter-term securities (all things being equal), but generally offer greater rates of interest.
Debt securities also are subject to the risk that the issuers will not make timely interest and/or principal payments or fail to make them at all. This is called credit risk. Corporate debt securities (“bonds”) tend to have higher credit risk generally than U.S. government debt securities. Debt instruments also may be subject to price volatility due to market perception of future interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (market risk). Investment-grade debt securities are considered medium- or/and high-quality securities, although some still possess varying degrees of speculative characteristics and risks. Debt securities rated below investment-grade are riskier, but may offer higher yields. These securities are sometimes referred to as high yield securities or “junk bonds.”
The market for these securities has historically been less liquid than investment grade securities.
DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS include purchasing and selling securities on a delayed-delivery or when-issued basis. These transactions involve a commitment to buy or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield, with payment and delivery taking place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. When purchasing securities on a delayed-delivery basis, a fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations. Typically, no interest will accrue to the purchaser until the security is delivered. A fund will earmark or segregate appropriate liquid assets to cover its delayed-delivery purchase obligations. When a fund sells a security on a delayed-delivery basis, it does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to that security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, a fund could suffer losses.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may subject the funds to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, withholding taxes on income or possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuation in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices different from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally speaking, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the United States.
Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (unsponsored or sponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants. A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of non-objection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility

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frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.
Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipts holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS are commonly defined to include securities or contracts whose values depend on (or “derive” from) the value of one or more other assets such as securities, currencies or commodities. These “other assets” are commonly referred to as “underlying assets.”
A derivative instrument generally consists of, is based upon, or exhibits characteristics similar to options or forward contracts. Options and forward contracts are considered to be the basic “building blocks” of derivatives. For example, forward-based derivatives include forward contracts, as well as exchange-traded futures. Option-based derivatives include privately negotiated, over-the-counter (OTC) options (including caps, floors, collars, and options on forward and swap contracts) and exchange-traded options on futures. Diverse types of derivatives may be created by combining options or forward contracts in different ways, and applying these structures to a wide range of underlying assets.
Risk management strategies include investment techniques designed to facilitate the sale of portfolio securities, manage the average duration of the portfolio or create or alter exposure to certain asset classes, such as equity, other debt or foreign securities.
In addition to the derivative instruments and strategies described in this SAI, the Investment Adviser (as defined herein) or Subadviser expects to discover additional derivative instruments and other hedging or risk management techniques. The investment adviser or Subadviser may utilize these new derivative instruments and techniques to the extent that they are consistent with a fund’s investment objective and permitted by a fund’s investment limitations, operating policies, and applicable regulatory authorities.
EMERGING OR DEVELOPING MARKETS exist in countries that are considered to be in the initial stages of industrialization. The risks of investing in these markets are similar to the risks of international investing in general, although the risks are greater in emerging and developing markets. Countries with emerging or developing securities markets tend to have economic structures that are less stable than countries with developed securities markets. This is because their economies may be based on only a few industries and their securities markets may trade a small number of securities. Prices on these exchanges tend to be volatile, and securities in these countries historically have offered greater potential for gain (as well as loss) than securities of companies located in developed countries. There are no strict definitions of what is emerging or developing versus what is considered developed and certain countries are considered emerging or developing in some indices yet developed in others.
EQUITY LINKED SECURITIES. The funds may invest a portion of their assets in equity linked securities. Equity linked securities are privately issued derivative securities which have a return component based on the performance of a single security, a basket of securities, or an index. Equity linked securities are primarily used by the funds as an alternative means to more efficiently and effectively access the securities market of what is generally an emerging country. To the extent that the funds invest in equity linked securities whose return corresponds to the performance of a foreign securities index or one or more of foreign stocks, investing in equity linked securities will involve risks similar to the risks of investing in foreign securities. See “Foreign Securities” below.

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The funds deposit an amount of cash with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) in an amount near or equal to the selling price of the underlying security in exchange for an equity linked security. Upon sale, the fund receives cash from the broker or custodian equal to the value of the underlying security. Aside from the market risk associated with the underlying security, there is the risk of default by the other party to the transaction. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the fund might be unable to obtain its expected benefit. In addition, while the fund will seek to enter into such transactions only with parties which are capable of entering into closing transactions with the fund, there can be no assurance that the fund will be able to close out such a transaction with the other party or obtain an offsetting position with any other party, at any time prior to the end of the term of the underlying agreement. This may impair the fund’s ability to enter into other transactions at a time when doing so might be advantageous.
Equity linked securities are often used for many of the same purposes as, and share many of the same risks with, derivative instruments such as options. See “Options Contracts” below. Equity linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to a fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. In some instances, investments in equity linked securities may also be subject to a fund’s limitations on investing in investment companies; see “Securities of Other Investment Companies” below.
EQUITY SECURITIES represent ownership interests in a company, and are commonly called “stocks.” Equity securities historically have outperformed most other securities, although their prices can fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition, market conditions and political, economic or even company-specific news. When a stock’s price declines, its market value is lowered even though the intrinsic value of the company may not have changed. Sometimes factors, such as economic conditions or political events, affect the value of stocks of companies of the same or similar industry or group of industries, and may affect the entire stock market.
Types of equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants, ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and interests in real estate investment trusts, (for more information on real estate investment trusts, “REITs”, see the section entitled “Real Estate Investment Trusts”).
Common stocks, which are probably the most recognized type of equity security, represent an equity or ownership interest in an issuer and usually entitle the owner to voting rights in the election of the corporation’s directors and any other matters submitted to the corporation’s shareholders for voting, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. The market value of common stock can fluctuate widely, as it reflects increases and decreases in an issuer’s earnings. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of bond owners, other debt holders and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of common stock owners.
Preferred stocks represent an equity or ownership interest in an issuer but do not ordinarily carry voting rights, though they may carry limited voting rights. Preferred stocks normally have preference over the corporation’s assets and earnings, however. For example, preferred stocks have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends. Preferred stocks normally pay dividends at a specified rate. However, preferred stock may be purchased where the issuer has omitted, or is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation potential. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of bond owners take precedence over the claims of preferred and common stock owners. Certain classes of preferred stock are convertible into shares of common stock of the issuer. By holding convertible preferred stock, a fund can receive a steady stream of dividends and still have the option to convert the preferred stock to common stock. Preferred stock is subject to many of the same risks as common stock and debt securities.
Convertible securities are typically preferred stocks or bonds that are exchangeable for a specific number of another form of security (usually the issuer’s common stock) at a specified price or ratio. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on bonds or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. A company may issue a convertible security that is subject to redemption after a specified date, and usually under certain circumstances. A holder of a convertible security that is called for redemption would be required to tender it for redemption to the issuer, convert it to the underlying common stock or

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sell it to a third party. The convertible structure allows the holder of the convertible bond to participate in share price movements in the company’s common stock. The actual return on a convertible bond may exceed its stated yield if the company’s common stock appreciates in value and the option to convert to common stocks becomes more valuable.
Convertible securities typically pay a lower interest rate than nonconvertible bonds of the same quality and maturity because of the convertible feature. Convertible securities are also rated below investment grade (“high yield”) or are not rated, and are subject to credit risk.
Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics and risks similar to nonconvertible debt and equity securities. In addition, convertible securities are often concentrated in economic sectors, which, like the stock market in general, may experience unpredictable declines in value, as well as periods of poor performance, which may last for several years. There may be a small trading market for a particular convertible security at any given time, which may adversely impact market price and a fund’s ability to liquidate a particular security or respond to an economic event, including deterioration of an issuer’s creditworthiness.
Convertible preferred stocks are nonvoting equity securities that pay a fixed dividend. These securities have a convertible feature similar to convertible bonds, but do not have a maturity date. Due to their fixed income features, convertible securities provide higher income potential than the issuer’s common stock, but typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes than the underlying common stock. In the event of a company’s liquidation, bondholders have claims on company assets senior to those of shareholders; preferred shareholders have claims senior to those of common shareholders.
Convertible securities typically trade at prices above their conversion value, which is the current market value of the common stock received upon conversion, because of their higher yield potential than the underlying common stock. The difference between the conversion value and the price of a convertible security will vary depending on the value of the underlying common stock and interest rates. When the underlying value of the common stocks declines, the price of the issuer’s convertible securities will tend not to fall as much because the convertible security’s income potential will act as a price support. While the value of a convertible security also tends to rise when the underlying common stock value rises, it will not rise as much because their conversion value is more narrow. The value of convertible securities also is affected by changes in interest rates. For example, when interest rates fall, the value of convertible securities may rise because of their fixed income component.
Warrants are types of securities usually issued with bonds and preferred stock that entitle the holder to purchase a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price for a specific period of time. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying common stock. Warrants have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. If a warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it will become worthless and the fund will lose the purchase price it paid for the warrant and the right to purchase the underlying security.
Initial Public Offering. The funds may purchase shares issued as part of, or a short period after, a company’s initial public offering (“IPOs”), and may at times dispose of those shares shortly after their acquisition. A fund’s purchase of shares issued in IPOs exposes it to the risks associated with companies that have little operating history as public companies, as well as to the risks inherent in those sectors of the market where these new issuers operate. The market for IPO issuers has been volatile, and share prices of newly-public companies have fluctuated significantly over short periods of time.
Master Limited Partnerships (“MLPs”). MLPs are limited partnerships in which the common units are publicly traded. MLP common units are freely traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market and are generally registered with the SEC. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to real estate development and oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner is

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typically owned by a major energy company, an investment fund, the direct management of the MLP or is an entity owned by one or more of such parties. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role, if any, in the partnership’s operations and management.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (“minimum quarterly distributions”). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent the minimum quarterly distribution is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the minimum quarterly distribution; however, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the minimum quarterly distribution paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner which results in distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier where it receives 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unit holders. These incentive distributions are intended to encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures and acquire assets in order to increase the partnership’s cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results are intended to benefit all security holders of the MLP, however, such incentive distribution payments give rise to potential conflicts of interest between the common unit holders and the general partner.
MLP common units represent a limited partnership interest in the MLP. Common units are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges or over-the-counter, with their value fluctuating predominantly based on prevailing market conditions and the success of the MLP. The funds may purchase common units in market transactions as well as directly from the MLP or other parties in private placements. Unlike owners of common stock of a corporation, owners of common units have limited voting rights and have no ability to annually elect directors. MLPs generally distribute all available cash flow (cash flow from operations less maintenance capital expenditures) in the form of quarterly distributions. Common units along with general partner units have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to the minimum quarterly distribution and have arrearage rights. In the event of liquidation, common units have preference over subordinated units, but not debt or preferred units, to the remaining assets of the MLP.
MLP subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to their original sponsors, such as their founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to the MLP, and investors. Subordinated units may be purchased directly from these persons as well as newly-issued subordinated units from MLPs themselves. Subordinated units have similar voting rights as common units and are generally not publicly traded. Once the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units, including any arrearages, has been paid, subordinated units receive cash distributions up to the minimum quarterly distribution prior to any incentive payments to the MLP’s general partner. Unlike common units, subordinated units do not have arrearage rights. In the event of liquidation, common units and general partner interests have priority over subordinated units. Subordinated units are typically converted into common units on a one-to-one basis after certain time periods and/or performance targets have been satisfied. The purchase or sale price of subordinated units is generally tied to the common unit price less a discount. The size of the discount varies depending on the likelihood of conversion, the length of time remaining to conversion, the size of the block purchased relative to trading volumes, and other factors, including smaller capitalization partnerships or companies potentially having limited product lines, markets or financial resources, lacking management depth or experience, and being more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic development than larger more established companies.
General partner interests of MLPs are typically retained by an MLP’s original sponsors, such as its founders, corporate partners, entities that sell assets to the MLP and investors. A holder of general partner interests can be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner interest. General

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partner interests often confer direct board participation rights and, in many cases, operating control, over the MLP. These interests themselves are not publicly traded, although they may be owned by publicly traded entities. General partner interests receive cash distributions, typically 2% of the MLP’s aggregate cash distributions, which are contractually defined in the partnership agreement. In addition, holders of general partner interests typically hold incentive distribution rights, which provide them with a larger share of the aggregate MLP cash distributions as the distributions to limited partner unit holders are increased to prescribed levels. General partner interests generally cannot be converted into common units. The general partner interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unitholders choose to remove the general partner, typically with a supermajority vote by limited partner unitholders.
Additional risks involved with investing in an MLP are risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the partnership invests, such as the risks of investing in real estate, or oil and gas industries.
Certain MLPs are dependent on their parent companies or sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an MLP’s parents or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would impact the MLP’s revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS (“ETFs”), such as Standard and Poor’s Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”) Trust, are investment companies that typically are registered under the 1940 Act as open-end funds or unit investment trusts (“UITs”). ETFs are actively traded on national securities exchanges and are generally based on specific domestic and foreign market indices. Shares of an ETF may be bought and sold throughout the day at market prices, which may be higher or lower than the shares’ net asset value. An “index-based ETF” seeks to track the performance of an index holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. Because ETFs are based on an underlying basket of stocks or an index, they are subject to the same market fluctuations as these types of securities in volatile market swings. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. When a fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses. As with any exchange listed security, ETF shares purchased in the secondary market are subject to customary brokerage charges.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission to iShares and procedures approved by the funds’ Board of Trustees, each fund may invest in iShares beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act but not to exceed 25% of a fund’s total assets, provided that the fund has described exchange-traded fund investments in its prospectuses and otherwise complies with the conditions of the exemptive order and other applicable investment limitations. iShares® is a registered trademark of Barclays Global Investors, N.A. (“BGI”). Neither BGI nor the iShares® Funds make any representations regarding the advisability of investing in a fund.
EVENT-LINKED BONDS. Each fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in “event-linked bonds,” which are fixed income securities for which the return of principal and payment of interest is contingent on the non-occurrence of a specific “trigger” event, such as a hurricane, earthquake, or other physical or weather-related phenomenon. Some event-linked bonds are commonly referred to as “catastrophe bonds.” If a trigger event occurs, a fund may lose a portion or all of its principal invested in the bond. Event-linked bonds often provide for an extension of maturity to process and audit loss claims where a trigger event has, or possibly has, occurred. An extension of maturity may increase volatility. Event-linked bonds may also expose a fund to certain unanticipated risks including credit risk, adverse regulatory or jurisdictional interpretations, and adverse tax consequences. Event-linked bonds may also be subject to liquidity risk.
FIXED RATE CAPITAL SECURITIES (FRCSs) are hybrid securities that combine the features of both corporate bonds and preferred stock. FRCSs pay dividends monthly or quarterly. FRCSs are listed on major exchanges and, also, trade on the OTC markets. FRCSs are generally issued by large corporations and are rated by a national rating service organizations (“NRSOs”). FRCSs bear the creditworthiness of the corporate issuer, generally have a stated maturity (20 to 49 years), and, unlike preferred stock, are fully taxable. There are currently three types of FRCSs offered in the marketplace: direct subordinate FRCSs which are offered directly by a corporation and zero coupon partnership preferred and trust preferred FRCSs which are issued indirectly by a corporation through a conduit financing vehicle. FRCSs

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generally rank senior to common stock and preferred stock in a corporation’s capital structure, but have a lower security claim than the issuer’s corporate bonds. FRCSs generally offer higher yields than corporate bonds or agency securities, but they carry more risks than the higher lien debt. In addition to risks commonly associated with other fixed income securities, FRCSs are subject to certain additional risks. Many FRCs include a “special event” redemption option, allowing the issuer to redeem the securities at the liquidation value if a tax law change disallows the deductibility of payments by the issuer’s parent company, or subjects the issue to taxation separate from the parent company. FRCSs permit the deferral of payments (without declaring default), if the issuer experiences financial difficulties. Payments may be suspended for some stipulated period, usually up to five years. If the issuer defers payments, the deferred income continues to accrue for tax purposes, even though the investor does not receive cash payments. Such deferrals can only occur if the parent company stops all other stock dividend payments on both common and preferred stock classes. The treatment of investment income from trust and debt securities for federal tax purposes is uncertain and may vary depending on whether the possibility of the issuer deferring payments is, or is not, considered a remote contingency.
FIXED TIME DEPOSITS are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties, which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. A fund will not invest in fixed time deposits, which (1) are not subject to prepayment or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such deposits, repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and other illiquid assets.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. The funds that may invest in foreign currency-denominated securities also may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (“forwards”) with terms generally of less than one year. Funds may engage in these transactions in order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities.
The funds may also use foreign currency options and foreign currency forward contracts to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another (as in cross hedging, see below). Each fund will earmark or segregate assets for any open positions in forwards used for non-hedging purposes and mark to market daily as may be required under the federal securities laws.
A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect a fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Many foreign securities markets do not settle trades within a time frame that would be considered customary in the U.S. stock market. Therefore, a fund may engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts in order to secure exchange rates for fund securities purchased or sold, but awaiting settlement. These transactions do not seek to eliminate any fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities involved. Instead, the transactions simply establish a rate of exchange that can be expected when the fund settles its securities transactions in the future. Forwards involve certain risks. For example, if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of the contracts or if the value of the foreign currency changes unfavorably, the fund could sustain a loss.
Funds also may engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts to protect the value of specific portfolio positions, which is called “position hedging.” When engaging in position hedging, a fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the values of the foreign currencies in which portfolio securities are denominated (or against an increase in the value of currency for securities that the fund expects to purchase).
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engage in these transactions may be limited by tax considerations. Although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to declines in the value of the hedged currency, they tend to limit any potential gain that might result from an increase in the value of such currency. Transactions in these contracts involve certain other risks. Unanticipated fluctuations in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the funds than if they had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, there may be imperfect correlation between the fund’s holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts into which the fund enters. Such imperfect correlation may cause a fund to sustain losses, which will prevent it from achieving a complete hedge or expose it to risk of foreign exchange loss.
Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a fund will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time. Also, such transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for a fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.
Forwards will be used primarily to adjust the foreign exchange exposure of each fund with a view to protecting the outlook, and the funds might be expected to enter into such contracts under the following circumstances:
LOCK IN. When the Investment Adviser or Subadviser desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.
CROSS HEDGE. If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, a fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency which is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of the fund’s portfolio holdings denominated in the currency sold.
DIRECT HEDGE. If the Investment Adviser or Subadviser wants to a eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Investment Adviser or Subadviser thinks that a fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given country’s bonds but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, a fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency in which a portfolio security is denominated and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated the contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but a fund would benefit from an increase in value of the bond.
PROXY HEDGE. The Investment Adviser or Subadviser might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, a fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency in which the security is denominated. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be closer to those in the U.S. and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.
COSTS OF HEDGING. When a fund purchases a foreign bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the “cost” of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar. It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from a fund’s dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in a fund’s net asset value per share.
TAX CONSEQUENCES OF HEDGING. Under applicable tax law, the funds may be required to limit their gains from hedging in foreign currency forwards, futures, and options. Although the funds are expected to comply with such limits, the extent to which these limits apply is subject to tax regulations as yet unissued. Hedging may also result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Those provisions could result in an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the funds and could affect whether dividends paid by

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the funds are classified as capital gains or ordinary income.
FOREIGN SECURITIES involve additional risks, including foreign currency exchange rate risks, because they are issued by foreign entities, including foreign governments, banks and corporations or because they are traded principally overseas. Foreign securities in which the funds may invest include foreign entities that are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. corporations. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about foreign entities. Foreign economic, political and legal developments, as well as fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates and withholding taxes, could have more dramatic effects on the value of foreign securities. For example, conditions within and around foreign countries, such as the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, diplomatic developments, change of government or war could affect the value of foreign investments. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Foreign securities typically have less volume and are generally less liquid and more volatile than securities of U.S. companies. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the funds will endeavor to achieve the most favorable overall results on portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed companies than in the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. There may be difficulties in obtaining or enforcing judgments against foreign issuers as well. Bankruptcy laws in some foreign countries are sometimes biased to the borrowers and against the creditors. These factors and others may increase the risks with respect to the liquidity of a fund, and its ability to meet a large number of shareholder redemption requests.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures and, in certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause a fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Losses to a fund arising out of the inability to fulfill a contract to sell such securities also could result in potential liability for a fund.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may be made and held in foreign currencies. In addition, the funds may hold cash in foreign currencies. These investments may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations, and may cause a fund to incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market as well as by political and economic factors. Changes in the foreign currency exchange rates also may affect the value of dividends and interest earned, gains and losses realized on the sale of securities, and net investment income and gains, if any, to be distributed to shareholders by a fund.
FORWARD CONTRACTS are sales contracts between a buyer (holding the “long” position), and the seller (holding the “short” position) for an asset with delivery deferred to a future date. The buyer agrees to pay a fixed price at the agreed future date and the seller agrees to deliver the asset. The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. The change in value of a forward-based derivative generally is roughly proportional to the change in value of the underlying asset.
FUTURES CONTRACTS are instruments that represent an agreement between two parties that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell, specific instruments at an agreed-upon price on a stipulated future date. In the case of futures contracts relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the close of the transaction, the parties usually agree to deliver the final cash settlement price of the contract. A fund may purchase and sell futures contracts based on securities, securities indices and foreign currencies, interest rates, or any other futures contracts traded on U.S. exchanges or boards of trade that the Commodities Future Trading Commission (“CFTC”) licenses and regulates

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on foreign exchanges. Consistent with CFTC regulations, the trust has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act. Although positions are usually marked to market on a daily basis with an intermediary (executing broker) there remains a credit risk with the futures exchange.
Each fund must maintain a small portion of its assets in cash to process shareholder transactions in and out of the fund and to pay its expenses. In order to reduce the effect this otherwise uninvested cash would have on its performance, a fund may purchase futures contracts. Such transactions allow the fund’s cash balance to produce a return similar to that of the underlying security or index on which the futures contract is based. Also, a fund may purchase or sell futures contracts on a specified foreign currency to “fix” the price in U.S. dollars of the foreign security it has acquired or sold or expects to acquire or sell. A fund may enter into futures contracts for other reasons as well. For example, to efficiently change the duration stance of the fund by buying and/or selling government bond futures.
When buying or selling futures contracts, a fund must place a deposit with its broker equal to a fraction of the contract amount. This amount is known as “initial margin” and must be in the form of liquid debt instruments, including cash, cash-equivalents and U.S. government securities. Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as “variation margin” may be made daily, if necessary, as the value of the futures contracts fluctuate. This process is known as “marking-to-market.” The margin amount will be returned to the fund upon termination of the futures contracts assuming all contractual obligations are satisfied. Because margin requirements are normally only a fraction of the amount of the futures contracts in a given transaction, futures trading can involve a great deal of leverage. In order to avoid this, each fund will earmark or segregate assets for any outstanding futures contracts as may be required under the federal securities laws.
While a fund intends to purchase and sell futures contracts in order to simulate full investment, there are risks associated with these transactions. Adverse market movements could cause a fund to experience substantial losses when buying and selling futures contracts. Of course, barring significant market distortions, similar results would have been expected if a fund had instead transacted in the underlying securities directly. There also is the risk of losing any margin payments held by a broker in the event of its bankruptcy. Additionally, a fund incurs transaction costs (i.e., brokerage fees) when engaging in futures trading. To the extent a fund also invests in futures in order to simulate full investment, these same risks apply.
When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, a fund may seek, through the sale of futures contracts, to offset a decline in the value of their current portfolio securities. When rates are falling or prices are rising, a fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, may attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later be available in the market when they effect anticipated purchases. Similarly, a fund may sell futures contracts on a specified currency to protect against a decline in the value of that currency and their portfolio securities that are denominated in that currency. A fund may purchase futures contracts on a foreign currency to fix the price in U.S. dollars of a security denominated in that currency that a fund has acquired or expects to acquire.
Futures contracts normally require actual delivery or acquisition of an underlying security or cash value of an index on the expiration date of the contract. In most cases, however, the contractual obligation is fulfilled before the date of the contract by buying or selling, as the case may be, identical futures contracts. Such offsetting transactions terminate the original contracts and cancel the obligation to take or make delivery of the underlying securities or cash. There may not always be a liquid secondary market at the time a fund seeks to close out a futures position. If a fund is unable to close out its position and prices move adversely, the fund would have to continue to make daily cash payments to maintain its margin requirements. If a fund had insufficient cash to meet these requirements it may have to sell portfolio securities at a disadvantageous time or incur extra costs by borrowing the cash. Also, a fund may be required to make or take delivery and incur extra transaction costs buying or selling the underlying securities. A fund seeks to reduce the risks associated with futures transactions by buying and selling futures contracts that are traded on national exchanges or for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market.

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HYBRID INSTRUMENTS are a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes a fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the fund. Each fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in hybrid instruments.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The funds will only invest in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the CEA.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the funds’ investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES generally are any securities that cannot be disposed of promptly and in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which a fund has valued the instruments. The liquidity of a fund’s investments is monitored under the supervision and direction of the Board of Trustees. Investments currently not considered liquid include repurchase agreements not maturing within seven days and certain restricted securities. Any security may become illiquid at times of market dislocation.
INTERNATIONAL BONDS are certain obligations or securities of foreign issuers, including Eurodollar Bonds, which are U.S. dollar-denominated bonds issued by foreign issuers payable in Eurodollars (U.S. dollars held in banks located outside the United States, primarily Europe), Yankee Bonds, which are U.S. dollar-denominated bonds issued in the U.S. by foreign banks and corporations, and EuroBonds, which are bonds denominated in U.S. dollars and usually issued by large underwriting groups composed of banks and issuing houses from many countries. Investments in securities issued by foreign issuers, including American Depositary Receipts and securities purchased on foreign securities exchanges, may subject a fund to additional investment risks, such as adverse political and economic developments, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign investments, less stringent disclosure requirements, non-U.S. withholding taxes and the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions.
Additional risks include less publicly available information, the risk that companies may not be subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements of U.S. companies, the risk that foreign securities markets may have less volume and therefore may be less liquid and their prices more volatile than U.S. securities, and the risk that

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custodian and transaction costs may be higher. Foreign issuers of securities or obligations are often subject to accounting requirements and engage in business practices different from those respecting domestic issuers of similar securities or obligations. Foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks.
Sovereign debt investment can involve a high degree of risk. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of the debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities also may depend on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others to reduce principal and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt. Holders of sovereign debt (including the funds) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.
A fund’s investments in foreign currency denominated debt obligations and hedging activities will likely produce a difference between its book income and its taxable income. This difference may cause a portion of the fund’s income distributions to constitute returns of capital for tax purposes or require the fund to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes.
LOAN INTERESTS, and other direct debt instruments or interests therein, may be acquired by a fund. A loan interest is typically originated, negotiated, and structured by a U.S. or foreign commercial bank, insurance company, finance company, or other financial institution (“Agent”) for a lending syndicate of financial institutions. The Agent typically administers and enforces the loan on behalf of the other lenders in the syndicate. In addition, an institution, typically but not always the Agent (“Collateral Bank”), holds collateral (if any) on behalf of the lenders. When a Collateral Bank holds collateral, such collateral typically consists of one or more of the following asset types: inventory, accounts receivable, property, plant and equipment, intangibles, common stock of subsidiaries or other investments. These loan interests may take the form of participation interests in, assignments of or novations of a loan during its second distribution, or direct interests during a primary distribution. Such loan interests may be acquired from U.S. or foreign banks, insurance companies, finance companies, or other financial institutions who have made loans or are members of a lending syndicate or from other holders of loan interests. A fund may also acquire loan interests under which the fund derives its rights directly from the borrower. Such loan interests are separately enforceable by a fund against the borrower and all payments of interest and principal are typically made directly to the fund from the borrower. In the event that a fund and other lenders become entitled to take possession of shared collateral, it is anticipated that such collateral would be held in the custody of the Collateral Bank for their mutual benefit. A fund may not act as an Agent, a Collateral Bank, a guarantor or sole negotiator or structurer with respect to a loan.
The Investment Adviser or Subadviser will analyze and evaluate the financial condition of the borrower in connection with the acquisition of any Loan Interest. Credit ratings are typically assigned to Loan Interests in the same manner as with other fixed income debt securities, and the Investment Adviser analyzes and evaluates these ratings, if any, in deciding whether to purchase a Loan Interest. The Investment Adviser also analyzes and evaluates the financial condition of the Agent and, in the case of Loan Interests in which the fund does not have privity with the borrower, those institutions from or through whom the fund derives its rights in a loan (“Intermediate Participants”).

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In a typical loan, the Agent administers the terms of the loan agreement. In such cases, the Agent is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all the institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. A fund will generally rely upon the Agent or Intermediate Participant to receive and forward to the fund its portion of the principal and interest payments on the loan. Furthermore, unless under the terms of a participation agreement a fund has direct recourse against the borrower, the fund will rely on the Agent and the other members of the lending syndicate to use appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. The Agent is typically responsible for monitoring compliance with covenants contained in the loan agreement based upon reports prepared by the borrower. The seller of the Loan Interest usually does, but is often not obligated to, notify holders of Loan Interests of any failures of compliance. The Agent may monitor the value of the collateral and, if the value of the collateral declines, may accelerate the loan, may give the borrower an opportunity to provide additional collateral or may seek other protection for the benefit of the participants in the loan. The Agent is compensated by the borrower for providing these services under a loan agreement, and such compensation may include special fees paid upon structuring and funding the loan and other fees paid on a continuing basis. With respect to Loan Interests for which the Agent does not perform such administrative and enforcement functions, the fund will perform such tasks on its own behalf, although a Collateral Bank will typically hold any collateral on behalf of the fund and the other holders pursuant to the applicable loan agreement.
A financial institution’s appointment as Agent may usually be terminated in the event that it fails to observe the requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent, enters Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) receivership, or, if not FDIC insured, enters into bankruptcy proceedings. A successor agent generally would be appointed to replace the terminated Agent, and assets held by the Agent under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of Loan Interests. However, if assets held by the Agent for the benefit of a fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the Agent’s general creditors, the fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a Loan Interest, or suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving Intermediate Participants, similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of Loan Interests depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a fund does not receive a scheduled interest or principal payment on such indebtedness, the fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer a fund more protections than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Direct indebtedness of developing countries also will involve a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable, or unwilling, to pay interest and repay principal when due.
The Loan Interests market is in a developing phase with increased participation among several investor types. The dealer community has become increasingly involved in this secondary market. If, however, a particular Loan Interest is deemed to be illiquid, it would be valued using procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. In such a situation, there is no guarantee that the fund will be able to sell such Loan Interests, which could lead to a decline in the value of the Loan Interests and the value of the fund’s shares.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS. A fund may purchase participations in commercial loans. Such indebtedness may be secured or unsecured. Loan participations typically represent direct participation in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. A fund may participate in such syndications, or can buy part of a loan, becoming a part lender. When purchasing loan participations, the fund assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. The participation interests in which the fund intends to invest may not be rated by any nationally recognized rating service.

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A loan is often administered by an agent bank acting as agent for all holders. The agent bank administers the terms of the loan, as specified in the loan agreement. In addition, the agent bank is normally responsible for the collection of principal and interest payments from the corporate borrower and the apportionment of these payments to the credit of all institutions which are parties to the loan agreement. Unless, under the terms of the loan or other indebtedness, a fund has direct recourse against the corporate borrower, the fund may have to rely on the agent bank or other financial intermediary to apply appropriate credit remedies against a corporate borrower.
A financial institution’s employment as agent bank might be terminated in the event that it fails to observe a requisite standard of care or becomes insolvent. A successor agent bank would generally be appointed to replace the terminated agent bank, and assets held by the agent bank under the loan agreement should remain available to holders of such indebtedness. However, if assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of the fund were determined to be subject to the claims of the agent bank’s general creditors, the fund might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or loan participation and could suffer a loss of principal and/or interest. In situations involving other interposed financial institutions (e.g., an insurance company or governmental agency) similar risks may arise.
Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for payment of principal and interest. If a fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Loans that are fully secured offer the fund more protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. However, there is no assurance that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated.
A fund may invest in loan participations with credit quality comparable to that of issuers of its securities investments. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
A fund limits the amount of its total assets that it will invest in any one issuer or in issuers within the same industry. For purposes of these limits, the fund generally will treat the corporate borrower as the “issuer” of indebtedness held by the fund. In the case of loan participations where a bank or other lending institution serves as a financial intermediary between the fund and the corporate borrower, if the participation does not shift to a fund the direct debtor-creditor relationship with the corporate borrower, SEC interpretations require the fund to treat both the lending bank or other lending institution and the corporate borrower as “issuers” for the purposes of determining whether the fund has invested more than 5% of its assets in a single issuer. Treating a financial intermediary as an issuer of indebtedness may restrict the fund’s ability to invest in indebtedness related to a single financial intermediary, or a group of intermediaries engaged in the same industry, even if the underlying borrowers represent many different companies and industries.
Loans and other types of direct indebtedness may not be readily marketable and may be subject to restrictions on resale. In some cases, negotiations involved in disposing of indebtedness may require weeks to complete. Consequently, some indebtedness may be difficult or impossible to dispose of readily at what the Investment Adviser believes to be a fair price. In addition, valuation of illiquid indebtedness involves a greater degree of judgment in determining the fund’s net asset value than if that value were based on available market quotations, and could result in significant variations in the fund’s daily share price. At the same time, some loan interests are traded among certain financial institutions and accordingly may be deemed liquid. As the market for different types of indebtedness develops, the liquidity of these instruments is expected to improve. In addition, a fund currently intends to treat indebtedness for which there is no readily available market as illiquid for purposes of the fund’s limitation on illiquid investments. Investments in loan participations are considered to be debt obligations for purposes of the fund’s investment restriction relating to the lending of funds or assets by a fund.

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Investments in loans through a direct assignment of the financial institution’s interests with respect to the loan may involve additional risks to the fund. For example, if a loan is foreclosed, a fund could become part owner of any collateral, and would bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral. In addition, it is conceivable that under emerging legal theories of lender liability, the fund could be held liable as co-lender. It is unclear whether loans and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. In the absence of definitive regulatory guidance, a fund relies on the Investment Adviser’s research in an attempt to avoid situations where fraud or misrepresentation could adversely affect the fund.
MATURITY OF INVESTMENTS will generally be determined using the portfolio securities’ final maturity dates. However for certain securities, maturity will be determined using the security’s effective maturity date. The effective maturity date for a security subject to a put or demand feature is the demand date, unless the security is a variable- or floating-rate security. If it is a variable-rate security, its effective maturity date is the earlier of its demand date or next interest rate change date. For variable-rate securities not subject to a put or demand feature and floating-rate securities, the effective maturity date is the next interest rate change date. The effective maturity of mortgage-backed and certain other asset-backed securities is determined on an “expected life” basis by the Investment Adviser or Subadviser. For an interest rate swap agreement, its effective maturity would be equal to the difference in the effective maturity of the interest rates “swapped.” Securities being hedged with futures contracts may be deemed to have a longer maturity, in the case of purchases of future contracts, and a shorter maturity, in the case of sales of futures contracts, than they would otherwise be deemed to have. In addition, a security that is subject to redemption at the option of the issuer on a particular date (“call date”), which is prior to, or in lieu of, the security’s stated maturity, may be deemed to mature on the call date rather than on its stated maturity date. The call date of a security will be used to calculate average portfolio maturity when the Investment Adviser or Subadviser reasonably anticipates, based upon information available to it, that the issuer will exercise its right to redeem the security. The average portfolio maturity of a fund is dollar-weighted based upon the market value of the fund’s securities at the time of the calculation. A fund may invest in securities with final or effective maturities of any length.
MONEY MARKET SECURITIES are high-quality, short term debt securities that may be issued by entities such as the U.S. government, corporations and financial institutions (like banks). Money market securities include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, notes and time deposits. Certificates of deposit and time deposits are issued against funds deposited in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. Banker’s acceptances are credit instruments evidencing a bank’s obligation to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the full amount of the instrument upon maturity. Commercial paper consists of short term, unsecured promissory notes issued to finance short term credit needs.
Money market securities pay fixed, variable or floating rates of interest and are generally subject to credit and interest rate risks. The maturity date or price of and financial assets collateralizing a security may be structured in order to make it qualify as or act like a money market security. These securities may be subject to greater credit and interest rate risks than other money market securities because of their structure. Money market securities may be issued with puts or sold separately, sometimes called demand features or guarantees, which are agreements that allow the buyer to sell a security at a specified price and time to the seller or “put provider.” When a fund buys a put, losses could occur as a result of the costs of the put or if it exercises its rights under the put and the put provider does not perform as agreed. Standby commitments are types of puts.
Each fund may keep a portion of its assets in cash for business operations. In order to reduce the effect this otherwise uninvested cash would have on its performance, a fund may invest in money market securities. Each fund may also invest in money market securities to the extent it is consistent with its investment objective.
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES (“MBS”) and other ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES (“ABS”) may be purchased by a fund. MBS represent participations in mortgage loans, and include pass-through securities, adjustable rate mortgages, collateralized mortgage obligations and stripped mortgage-backed securities. MBS may be issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association

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(GNMA or Ginnie Mae) and Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or by private issuers, generally originators and investors in mortgage loans, including savings associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, and special purpose entities (collectively, “private lenders”). MBS are based on different types of mortgages including those on commercial real estate and residential property. MBS issued by private lenders may be supported by pools of mortgage loans or other MBS that are guaranteed, directly or indirectly, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, or they may be issued without any governmental guarantee of the underlying mortgage assets but with some form of credit enhancement.
ABS have structural characteristics similar to MBS. ABS represent direct or indirect participation in assets such as automobile loans, credit card receivables, trade receivables, home equity loans (which sometimes are categorized as MBS) or other financial assets. Therefore, repayment depends largely on the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities. The credit quality of most ABS depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement of the securities. Payments or distributions of principal and interest on ABS may be supported by credit enhancements including letters of credit, an insurance guarantee, reserve funds and overcollateralization. In the case of privately-issued mortgage-related and asset-backed securities, the Portfolios take the position that such instruments do not represent interests in any particular industry or group of industries.
Commercial mortgage backed securities include securities that reflect an interest in, and are secured by, mortgage loans on commercial real property. The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities developed more recently and in terms of total outstanding principal amount of issues is relatively small compared to the market for residential single-family MBS. Many of the risks of investing in commercial MBS reflect the risks of investing in the real estate securing the underlying mortgage loans. These risks reflect the effects of local and other economic conditions on real estate markets, the ability of tenants to make loan payments, and the ability of a property to attract and retain tenants. Commercial MBS may be less liquid and exhibit greater price volatility than other types of mortgage- or asset-backed securities.
The funds may invest in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), which includes collateralized bond obligations (“CBOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities such as credit derivatives or even derivatives of credit derivatives. CBOs and CLOs are types of asset-backed securities. A CBO is a trust which is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below investment grade fixed income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cashflows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO trust or CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than their underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class.
The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a fund invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by the funds as illiquid securities, however an active dealer market may exist for CDOs allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities discussed elsewhere in this SAI and the funds’ prospectuses (e.g., interest rate risk and default risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the funds may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; (iv) the

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complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results and (v) credit ratings by major credit rating agencies may be no indication of the credit worthiness of the security.
Collateralized mortgage obligation (“CMO”) is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, on a monthly basis. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments.
In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B, and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B, or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B, and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
The rate of principal payment on MBS and ABS generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. As a result, the price and yield on any MBS or ABS is difficult to predict with precision and price and yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity. If a fund purchases these securities at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing the yield to maturity. Conversely, if a fund purchases these securities at a discount, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will increase yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will reduce yield to maturity. Amounts available for reinvestment by a fund are likely to be greater during a period of declining interest rates and, as a result, are likely to be reinvested at lower interest rates than during a period of rising interest rates.
While many MBS and ABS are issued with only one class of security, many are issued in more than one class, each with different payment terms. Multiple class MBS and ABS are issued as a method of providing credit support, typically through creation of one or more classes whose right to payments on the security is made subordinate to the right to such payments of the remaining class or classes. In addition, multiple classes may permit the issuance of securities with payment terms, interest rates, or other characteristics differing both from those of each other and from those of the underlying assets. Examples include stripped securities, which are MBS and ABS entitling the holder to disproportionate interest or principal compared with the assets backing the security, and securities with classes having characteristics different from the assets backing the securities, such as a security with floating interest rates with assets backing the securities having fixed interest rates. The market value of such securities and CMO’s generally is more or less sensitive to changes in prepayment and interest rates than is the case with traditional MBS and ABS, and in some cases such market value may be extremely volatile.
CMO residuals are mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.

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The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See “Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities.” In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances a fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. The CMO residual market has only very recently developed and CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”). CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability, and may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
Stripped mortgage backed securities are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Under certain circumstances these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
NON-PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES AND PRIVATE PLACEMENTS. A fund may invest in securities that are neither listed on a stock exchange nor traded over-the-counter, including privately placed securities. Such unlisted securities may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the fund or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Furthermore, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being sold, a fund may be required to bear the

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expenses of registration.
NON-TRADITIONAL EQUITY SECURITIES. The funds may invest in convertible preferred stocks that offer enhanced yield features, such as Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stock (“PERCS”), which provide an investor, such as the funds, with the opportunity to earn higher dividend income than is available on a company’s common stock. A PERCS is a preferred stock which generally features a mandatory conversion date, as well as a capital appreciation limit which is usually expressed in terms of a stated price. Upon the conversion date, most PERCS convert into common stock of the issuer (PERCS are generally not convertible into cash at maturity). Under a typical arrangement, if after a predetermined number of years the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price below that set by the capital appreciation limit, each PERCS would convert to one share of common stock. If, however, the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price above that set by the capital appreciation limit, the holder of the PERCS would receive less than one full share of common stock. The amount of that fractional share of common stock received by the PERCS holder is determined by dividing the price set by the capital appreciation limit of the PERCS by the market price of the issuer’s common stock. PERCS can be called at any time prior to maturity, and hence do not provide call protection. However, if called early, the issuer may pay a call premium over the market price to the investor. This call premium declines at a preset rate daily, up to the maturity date of the PERCS.
The funds may also invest in other enhanced convertible securities. These include but are not limited to ACES (Automatically Convertible Equity Securities), PEPS (Participating Equity Preferred Stock), PRIDES (Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities), SAILS (Stock Appreciation Income Linked Securities), TECONS (Term Convertible Notes), QICS (Quarterly Income Cumulative Securities), and DECS (Dividend Enhanced Convertible Securities). ACES, PEPS, PRIDES, SAILS, TECONS, QICS, and DECS all have the following features: they are company-issued convertible preferred stock; unlike PERCS, they do not have capital appreciation limits; they seek to provide the investor with high current income, with some prospect of future capital appreciation; they are typically issued with three- to four-year maturities; they typically have some built-in call protection for the first two to three years; investors have the right to convert them into shares of common stock at a preset conversion ratio or hold them until maturity; and upon maturity, they will automatically convert to either cash or a specified number of shares of common stock.
OPTIONS CONTRACTS generally provide the right to buy or sell a security, commodity, futures contract or foreign currency in exchange for an agreed upon price. If the right is not exercised after a specified period, the option expires and the option buyer forfeits the money paid to the option seller.
A call option gives the buyer the right to buy a specified number of shares of a security at a fixed price on or before a specified date in the future. For this right, the call option buyer pays the call option seller, commonly called the call option writer, a fee called a premium. Call option buyers are usually anticipating that the price of the underlying security will rise above the price fixed with the call writer, thereby allowing them to profit. If the price of the underlying security does not rise, the call option buyer’s losses are limited to the premium paid to the call option writer. For call option writers, a rise in the price of the underlying security will be offset in part by the premium received from the call option buyer. If the call option writer does not own the underlying security, however, the losses that may ensue if the price rises could be potentially unlimited. If the call option writer owns the underlying security or commodity, this is called writing a covered call. All call and put options written by a fund will be covered, which means that a fund will own the securities subject to the option so long as the option is outstanding or the fund will earmark or segregate assets for any outstanding option contracts.
A put option is the opposite of a call option. It gives the buyer the right to sell a specified number of shares of a security at a fixed price on or before a specified date in the future. Put option buyers are usually anticipating a decline in the price of the underlying security, and wish to offset those losses when selling the security at a later date. All put options the funds write will be covered, which means that a fund will earmark or segregate cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option. The purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the funds. However, in return for the option premium, the funds accept the risk that they

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may be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the securities’ market value at the time of purchase.
A fund may purchase and write put and call options on any securities in which it may invest or any securities index or basket of securities based on securities in which it may invest. In addition, the funds may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. The funds may purchase and write such options on securities that are listed on domestic or foreign securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. Like futures contracts, option contracts are rarely exercised. Option buyers usually sell the option before it expires. Option writers may terminate their obligations under a written call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.” A fund may enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options they have purchased or wrote.
An exchange-traded currency option position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the funds generally will purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or at any particular time. If a fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to options it has written, it will not be able to sell the underlying securities or dispose of assets earmarked or held in a segregated account until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if a fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it would have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.
Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (2) an exchange may impose restrictions on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (4) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”) may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The ability to terminate over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. Until such time as the staff of the SEC changes its position, the funds will treat purchased over-the-counter options and all assets used to cover written over-the-counter options as illiquid securities, except that with respect to options written with primary dealers in U.S. government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing purchase transaction at a formula price, the amount of illiquid securities may be calculated with reference to a formula the staff of the SEC approves.
Additional risks are involved with options trading because of the low margin deposits required and the extremely high degree of leverage that may be involved in options trading. There may be imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the securities held by a fund and the prices of the options, possible lack of a liquid secondary market, and the resulting inability to close such positions prior to their maturity dates.
A fund may write or purchase an option only when the market value of that option, when aggregated with the market value of all other options transactions made on behalf of the fund, does not exceed 5% of its net assets.
An option contract may be implicitly entered into by purchasing certain securities with built in options. An example of such would be a reverse floating rate note where the buyer is also selling one or more caps on short dated interest rates.
PAY-IN-KIND (‘PIK’) are instruments that give the issuer an option (during an initial period) either to make coupon payments in cash or in the form of additional bonds.

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PROMISSORY NOTES are written agreements committing the maker or issuer to pay the payee a specified amount either on demand or at a fixed date in the future, with or without interest. These are sometimes called negotiable notes or instruments and are subject to credit risk. Bank notes are notes used to represent obligations issued by banks in large denominations.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (REITS) are pooled investment vehicles, which invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests and, in some cases, manage real estate. REITs are sometimes referred to as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. An equity REIT invests primarily in properties and generates income from rental and lease properties and, in some cases, from the management of real estate. Equity REITs also offer the potential for growth as a result of property appreciation and from the sale of appreciated property. Mortgage REITs invest primarily in real estate mortgages, which may secure construction, development or long term loans, and derive income for the collection of interest payments. Hybrid REITs may combine the features of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. REITs are generally organized as corporations or business trusts, but are not taxed as a corporation if they meet certain requirements of Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify, a REIT must, among other things, invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including other REITs), cash and government securities, distribute at least 95% of its taxable income to its shareholders and receive at least 75% of that income from rents, mortgages and sales of property.
Like any investment in real estate, a REIT’s performance depends on many factors, such as its ability to find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property purchases and renovations. In general, REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent a REIT concentrates its investment in certain regions or property types. For example, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses due to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. Ultimately, a REIT’s performance depends on the types of properties it owns and how well the REIT manages its properties.
In general, during periods of rising interest rates, REITs may lose some of their appeal for investors who may be able to obtain higher yields from other income-producing investments, such as long term bonds. Higher interest rates also mean that financing for property purchases and improvements is more costly and difficult to obtain. During periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that mortgagors elect to prepay, which can reduce the yield on securities issued by mortgage REITs. Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay debts to the REIT when due and equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.
Like small-cap stocks in general, certain REITs have relatively small market capitalizations and their securities can be more volatile than—and at times will perform differently from—large-cap stocks. In addition, because small-cap stocks are typically less liquid than large-cap stocks, REIT stocks may sometimes experience greater share-price fluctuations than the stocks of larger companies. Further, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification, and are therefore subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By investing in REITs indirectly through a fund, a shareholder will bear indirectly a proportionate share of the REIT’s expenses in addition to their proportionate share of a fund’s expenses. Finally, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”).
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS are instruments under which a buyer acquires ownership of certain securities (usually U.S. government securities) from a seller who agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed-upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the buyer’s holding period. Any repurchase agreements a fund enters into will involve the fund as the buyer and banks or broker-dealers as sellers. The period of repurchase agreements is usually short — from overnight to one week, although the securities collateralizing a repurchase agreement may have longer maturity

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dates. Default by the seller might cause a fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation of the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. A fund also may incur disposition costs in liquidating the collateral. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of a repurchase agreement’s seller, the fund might incur expenses in enforcing its rights, and could experience losses, including a decline in the value of the underlying securities and loss of income. A fund will make payment under a repurchase agreement only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer of the collateral to the account of its custodian bank.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES are securities that are subject to legal restrictions on their sale. Restricted securities may be considered to be liquid if an institutional or other market exists for these securities. In making this determination, a fund, under the direction and supervision of the Board of Trustees will take into account various factors, including: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of potential purchasers; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the security and marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). To the extent a fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, its general level of illiquidity may be increased if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS may be used by a fund. A fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements to facilitate portfolio liquidity, a practice common in the mutual fund industry, or for arbitrage transactions as discussed below. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a fund would sell a security and enter into an agreement to repurchase the security at a specified future date and price. A fund generally retains the right to interest and principal payments on the security. If a fund uses the cash it obtains to invest in other securities, this may be considered a form of leverage and may expose the fund to a greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value on a fund’s portfolio’s securities. Because a fund receives cash upon entering into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may be considered a borrowing. When required by guidelines of the SEC, a fund will set aside permissible liquid assets earmarked or in a segregated account to secure its obligations to repurchase the security.
A fund also may enter into mortgage dollar rolls, in which a fund would sell MBS for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contract to purchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. While a fund would forego principal and interest paid on the MBS during the roll period, a fund would be compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase as well as by any interest earned on the proceeds of the initial sale. A fund also could be compensated through the receipt of fee income equivalent to a lower forward price. At the time a fund would enter into a mortgage dollar roll, it would set aside permissible liquid assets earmarked or in a segregated account to secure its obligation for the forward commitment to buy MBS. Mortgage dollar roll transactions may be considered a borrowing by a fund.
The mortgage dollar rolls and reverse repurchase agreements entered into by a fund may be used as arbitrage transactions in which a fund will maintain an offsetting position in short duration investment-grade debt obligations. Since a fund will receive interest on the securities or repurchase agreements in which it invests the transaction proceeds, such transactions may involve leverage. However, since such securities or repurchase agreements will be high quality and short duration, the Investment Adviser believes that such arbitrage transactions present lower risks to a fund than those associated with other types of leverage. There can be no assurance that a fund’s use of the cash it receives from a mortgage dollar roll will provide a positive return.
SECURITIES LENDING of portfolio securities is a common practice in the securities industry. A fund will engage in security lending arrangements. For example, a fund may receive cash collateral, and it may invest it in short term, interest-bearing obligations, but will do so only to the extent that it will not lose the tax treatment available to regulated investment companies. Lending portfolio securities involves risks that the borrower may fail to return the securities or provide additional collateral. Also, voting rights with respect to the loaned securities may pass with the lending of the securities.
A fund may loan portfolio securities to qualified broker-dealers or other institutional investors provided: (1) the loan is

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secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, letters of credit, cash or cash equivalents or other appropriate instruments maintained on a daily marked-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned; (2) the fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of the securities loaned; (3) the fund will receive any interest or dividends paid on the loaned securities; and (4) the aggregate market value of securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the fund, including collateral received from the loan (at market value computed at the time of the loan).
Although voting rights with respect to loaned securities pass to the borrower, the lender retains the right to recall a security (or terminate a loan) for the purpose of exercising the security’s voting rights. Efforts to recall such securities promptly may be unsuccessful, especially for foreign securities or thinly traded securities such as small-cap stocks. In addition, because recalling a security may involve expenses to a fund, it is expected that a fund will do so only where the items being voted upon are, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, either material to the economic value of the security or threaten to materially impact the issuer’s corporate governance policies or structure.
SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES may be purchased and sold by a fund and include those issued by foreign investment companies. Mutual funds are registered investment companies, which may issue and redeem their shares on a continuous basis (open-end mutual funds) or may offer a fixed number of shares usually listed on an exchange (closed-end mutual funds). Mutual funds generally offer investors the advantages of diversification and professional investment management, by combining shareholders’ money and investing it in various types of securities, such as stocks, bonds and money market securities. Mutual funds also make various investments and use certain techniques in order to enhance their performance. These may include entering into delayed-delivery and when-issued securities transactions or swap agreements; buying and selling futures contracts, illiquid and restricted securities and repurchase agreements and borrowing or lending money and/or portfolio securities. The risks of investing in mutual funds generally reflect the risks of the securities in which the mutual funds invest and the investment techniques they may employ. Also, mutual funds charge fees and incur operating expenses.
If a fund decides to purchase securities of other investment companies, a fund intends to purchase shares of mutual funds in compliance with the requirements of federal law or any applicable exemptive relief received from the SEC. Mutual fund investments for a fund are currently restricted under federal regulations, and therefore, the extent to which a fund may invest in another mutual fund may be limited.
Funds in which a fund also may invest include unregistered or privately-placed funds, such as hedge funds and offshore funds. Hedge funds and offshore funds are not registered with the SEC, and therefore are largely exempt from the regulatory requirements that apply to registered investment companies (mutual funds). As a result, these types of funds have greater ability to make investments or use investment techniques, such as leveraging, that can increase investment return but also may substantially increase the risk of losses. Investments in these funds also may be more difficult to sell, which could cause losses to a fund. For example, hedge funds typically require investors to keep their investment in a hedge fund for some period of time, such as 1 year or more. This means investors would not be able to sell their shares of a hedge fund until such time had past, and the investment may be deemed to be illiquid. In addition, because hedge funds may not value their portfolio holdings on a frequent basis, investments in those hedge funds may be difficult to price.
The Laudus Mondrian International Equity, Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets and Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Funds are prohibited from acquiring any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts is reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) or Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act.
SHORT SALES may be used by a fund as part of its overall portfolio management strategies or to offset (hedge) a potential decline in the value of a security. A fund may engage in short sales that are either “against the box” or “uncovered.” A short sale is “against the box” if at all times during which the short position is open, a fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or has the right to acquire, at no added cost, the securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to a fund with respect to the securities that are sold short. “Uncovered” short sales are transactions under which a fund sells a security it

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does not own. To complete such transaction, a fund may borrow the security through a broker to make delivery to the buyer and, in doing so, the fund becomes obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. A fund also may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities, which would increase the cost of the security. In addition, a fund is often obligated to pay any accrued interest and dividends on the securities until they are replaced. The proceeds of the short sale position will be retained by the broker until a fund replaces the borrowed securities.
A fund will incur a loss if the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the fund replaces the borrowed security and, conversely, the fund will realize a gain if the price declines. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. A short sale creates the risk of an unlimited loss, as the price of the underlying securities could theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the short position. If a fund sells securities short “against the box,” it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. The successful use of short selling as a hedging strategy may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
A fund’s obligation to replace the securities borrowed in connection with a short sale will be secured by collateral deposited with the broker that consists of cash or other liquid securities. In addition, a fund will earmark cash or liquid assets or place in a segregated account an amount of cash or other liquid assets equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the market value of the securities sold short, marked-to-market daily, and (2) any cash or other liquid securities deposited as collateral with the broker in connection with the short sale.
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS may be used for hedging or managing risk. A fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. Such covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives a fund the right to put, or sell, a security that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relation to another security that a fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to a fund in purchasing covered spread options is the cost of the premium paid for the spread option and any transaction costs. In addition, there is no assurance that closing transactions will be available. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect a fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. Such protection is only provided during the life of the spread option.
STRIPPED SECURITIES are securities whose income and principal components are detached and sold separately. While risks associated with stripped securities are similar to other fixed income securities, stripped securities are typically subject to greater changes in value. U.S. Treasury securities that have been stripped by the Federal Reserve Bank are obligations of the U.S. Treasury.
SWAP AGREEMENTS are privately negotiated over-the-counter derivative products in which two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities (referred to as the “underlying”) and a predetermined amount (referred to as the “notional amount”). The underlying for a swap may be an interest rate (fixed or floating), a currency exchange rate, a commodity price index, a credit derivative contract (single name or multiname or index), a security, group of securities or a securities index, a combination of any of these, or various other rates, assets or indices. Swap agreements generally do not involve the delivery of the underlying or principal, and a party’s obligations generally are equal to only the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the swap agreement.
Swap agreements can be structured to increase or decrease a fund’s exposure to long or short term interest rates, corporate borrowing rates and other conditions, such as changing security prices and inflation rates. They also can be structured to increase or decrease a fund’s exposure to specific issuers or specific sectors of the bond market such as mortgage securities. For example, if a fund agreed to pay a longer-term fixed rate in exchange for a shorter-term floating rate while holding longer-term fixed rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease a fund’s exposure to longer-term interest rates. Swap agreements tend to increase or decrease the overall volatility of a fund’s investments and its share price and yield.

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Changes in interest rates, or other factors determining the amount of payments due to and from a fund, can be the most significant factors in the performance of a swap agreement. If a swap agreement calls for payments from a fund, a fund must be prepared to make such payments when they are due. In order to help minimize risks, a fund will earmark or segregate appropriate assets for any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed under the terms of a swap agreement entered into on a net basis. All other swap agreements will require a fund to earmark or segregate assets in the amount of the accrued amounts owed under the swap. A fund could sustain losses if a counterparty does not perform as agreed under the terms of the swap. A fund will enter into swap agreements with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Investment Adviser.
In addition, the funds may invest in swaptions, which are privately-negotiated option-based derivative products. Swaptions give the holder the right to enter into a swap. A fund may use a swaption in addition to or in lieu of a swap involving a similar rate or index.
For purposes of applying the funds’ investment policies and restrictions (as stated in the prospectus and this SAI) swap agreements are generally valued by the funds at market value. In the case of a credit default swap sold by a fund (i.e., where the fund is selling credit default protection), however, the fund will generally value the swap at its notional amount. The manner in which certain securities or other instruments are valued by the funds for purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the manner in which those investments are valued by other types of investors.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES are strategies the funds may take for temporary or defensive purposes. The investment strategies for the funds are those that the funds use during normal circumstances. During unusual economic or market conditions or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, each fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short term obligations that would not ordinarily be consistent with the funds’ objectives. A fund will do so only if the Investment Adviser or Subadviser believes that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity for capital gains or higher income. When a fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES are issued by the U.S. Treasury or issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. Not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some U.S. government securities, such as those issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA or Sallie Mae), and the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), are supported by a line of credit the issuing entity has with the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported solely by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality such as obligations issued by the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation (FFCB). There can be no assurance that the U.S. government will provide financial support to U.S. government securities of its agencies and instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so under law. U.S. government securities, including U.S. Treasury securities, are among the safest securities, however, not unlike other debt securities, they are still sensitive to interest rate changes, which will cause their yields and prices to fluctuate.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality. Under these Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (SPAs), the U.S. Treasury has pledged to provide up to $100 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. On May 6, 2009, the U.S. Treasury increased its maximum commitment to each instrumentality under the SPAs to $200 billion per instrumentality. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury further amended the SPAs to allow the cap on Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s net worth through the end of 2012. At the conclusion of 2012, the remaining U.S. Treasury commitment will then be fully available to be drawn per the terms of the SPAs. In December 2009, the U.S. Treasury also amended the SPAs to provide Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with some additional flexibility to meet the requirement to reduce their mortgage portfolios.

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The actions of the U.S. Treasury are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives will be successful.
ZERO-COUPON SECURITIES are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic payments of interest before maturity or a specific date when the securities begin paying current interest. Therefore, they are issued and traded at a discount from their face amounts or par value. The market prices of zero-coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that pay interest periodically and are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than do non-zero-coupon securities having similar maturities and credit quality. Current federal income tax law requires that a holder of a taxable zero-coupon security report as income each year the portion of the original issue discount of such security that accrues that year, even though the holder receives no cash payments of interest during the year. Each fund has qualified as a regulated investment company under the Code. Accordingly, during periods when a fund receives no interest payments on its zero-coupon securities, it will be required, in order to maintain its desired tax treatment, to distribute cash approximating the income attributable to such securities.
Such distribution may require the sale of portfolio securities to meet the distribution requirements and such sales may be subject to the risk factor discussed above.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
The following investment limitations are fundamental and may be changed only by vote of a majority of each fund’s outstanding voting securities.
The Laudus Mondrian Funds may not:
1)   Concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
2)   Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
3)   Make loans to other persons, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
4)   Borrow money, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
5)   Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
6)   Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
In addition, the Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund may not:

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1)   Purchase securities of an issuer, except as consistent with the maintenance of its status as an open-end diversified company under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
The following descriptions of the 1940 Act may assist investors in understanding the above policies and restrictions.
Diversification. Under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder, a “diversified company,” as to 75% of its total assets, may not purchase securities of any issuer (other than obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government or its agencies, or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the issuer’s voting securities would be held by the fund.
Borrowing. The 1940 Act restricts an investment company from borrowing (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in excess of 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets). Transactions that are fully collateralized in a manner that does not involve the prohibited issuance of a “senior security” within the meaning of Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, shall not be regarded as borrowings for the purposes of a fund’s investment restriction.
Concentration. The SEC has defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s total assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions.
Lending. Under the 1940 Act, an investment company may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies.
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. Each fund has adopted a fundamental policy that would permit direct investment in real estate. However, each fund has a non-fundamental investment limitation that prohibits it from investing directly in real estate. This non-fundamental policy may be changed only by vote of a fund’s Board of Trustees.
Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by an investment company evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits each fund from issuing senior securities, although it provides allowances for certain borrowings and certain other investments, such as short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, when such investments are “covered” or with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligations.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly.
The following are non-fundamental investment policies and restrictions, and may be changed by the board of trustees.
Each fund may not:
1)   Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
 
2)   Purchase securities of other investment companies, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

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3)   Sell securities short unless it owns the security or the right to obtain the security or equivalent securities, or unless it covers such short sale as required by current SEC rules and interpretations (transactions in futures contracts, options and other derivative instruments are not considered selling securities short).
 
4)   Purchase securities on margin, except such short term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and provided that margin deposits in connection with futures contracts, options on futures or other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin.
 
5)   Borrow money except that the fund may (i) borrow money from banks or through an interfund lending facility, if any, only for temporary or emergency purposes (and not for leveraging) and (ii) engage in reverse repurchase agreements with any party; provided that (i) and (ii) in combination do not exceed 33 1/3% of its total assets (any borrowings that come to exceed this amount will be reduced to the extent necessary to comply with the limitation within three business days).
 
6)   Lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties (this restriction does not apply to purchases of debt securities or repurchase agreements).
 
7)   Purchase or sell commodities, commodity contracts or real estate, including interests in real estate limited partnerships, provided that the fund may (i) purchase securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests therein (including REITs), (ii) purchase or sell futures contracts, options contracts, equity index participations and index participation contracts, and (iii) purchase securities of companies that deal in precious metals or interests therein.
Policies and investment limitations that state a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in a security or other asset, or that set forth a quality standard shall be measured immediately after and as a result of the fund’s acquisition of such security or asset, unless otherwise noted. Except with respect to limitations on borrowing and futures and option contracts, any subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances does not require a fund to sell an investment if it could not then make the same investment. With respect to the limitation on illiquid securities, in the event that a subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances cause a fund to exceed its limitation, the fund will take steps to bring the aggregate amount of illiquid instruments back within the limitations as soon as reasonably practicable.
The phrase “shareholder approval” as used in the Prospectus and herein, and the phrase “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” as used herein, means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a class, a fund or the Trust, as the case may be, or (2) 67% or more of the shares of a class, a fund or the Trust, as the case may be, present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
     A change in securities held by a fund is known as “portfolio turnover” and almost always involves the payment by a fund of brokerage commissions or dealer markup and other transaction costs on the sale of securities as well as on the reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. Portfolio turnover is not a limiting factor with respect to investment decisions.
     As disclosed in the Prospectus, high portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the funds, and could involve realization of capital gains that would be taxable when distributed to shareholders of a fund. To the extent that portfolio turnover results in the realization of net short-term capital gains, such gains are ordinarily taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates.
     The portfolio turnover rate for each fund for the fiscal years ended March 31, was:

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    2010   2009
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
    14 %     8 %*
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
    22 %     14 %*
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
    44 %     52 %
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
    67 %     92 %
 
*   From 6/17/08 commencement of operations to 3/31/09.
INCOME, DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX STATUS
     This discussion of federal income tax consequences is based on Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transaction contemplated herein.
     The tax status of the funds and the distributions which they may make are summarized in the Prospectus under the headings “Distributions” and “Taxes.” Each fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC and to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, each fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership; (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs or other securities limited generally with respect to any one issuer to a value not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of such fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which the fund owns at least 20% of the voting power of each issuer and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its taxable net investment income, its net tax-exempt income (if any), and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses for such year. To the extent a fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC, the fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income paid to its shareholders in the form of dividends or capital gain distributions.
     If a fund fails to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the fund will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations, such distributions should qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and for the lower tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income for individual shareholders. In addition, the fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
     In order to avoid an excise tax imposed on certain underdistributed amounts, a fund must distribute prior to each calendar year end without regard to the fund’s fiscal year end (i) 98% of the fund’s ordinary income, (ii) 98% of the fund’s capital gain net income, if any, realized in the one-year period ending on October 31 (or later if the fund is permitted and so elects), and (iii) 100% of any undistributed income from prior years. A dividend paid to shareholders by

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a fund in January of a year is generally deemed to have been paid by the fund on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.
     Each of the funds may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income and gains derived from foreign investments. Such taxes would reduce the yield on such funds’ investments, but, as discussed in such fund’s Prospectus, may in some situations be taken as either a deduction or a credit by U.S. shareholders. Investment by each fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” could subject the fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge on distributions received from, or on the sale of its investment in, such a company. Such a tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to fund shareholders. A fund may avoid this tax by making an election to mark certain of such securities to the market annually. Alternatively, where it is in a position to do so, a fund may elect to treat a passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing fund,” in which case different rules will apply, although the funds generally do not expect to be in the position to make such elections.
     For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the fund as capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. The dividends-received deduction for corporations will generally be available to corporate shareholders with respect to their receipt of a fund’s dividends from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received by the fund from domestic corporations, provided the fund and the shareholder each meet the relevant holding period requirements.
     For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by a fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States), or (b) treated as a foreign personal holding company, foreign investment company, or passive foreign investment company.
     If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the fund’s dividends (other than properly designated capital gain dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term “gross income” is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss. In general, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the fund’s shares.
     Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the fund before a shareholder’s investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or in the form of additional shares of the fund to which the distribution relates. Any

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gain resulting from the sale or exchange of fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains.
     Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced—in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets—for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010.
     Dividends and distributions on a fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when a fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed.
     Certain tax-exempt organizations or entities may not be subject to federal income tax on dividends or distributions from a fund. Each organization or entity should review its own circumstances and the federal tax treatment of its income.
     Under current law, each fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends and other distributions paid to and proceeds of share sales, exchanges or redemptions made by any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported income in the past or fails to provide certain certifications. However, the general backup withholding rules set forth above will not apply to a shareholder so long as the shareholder furnishes a fund with the appropriate certification required by the Internal Revenue Service. The backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. The backup withholding rate reductions will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010.
     In order for a foreign investor to qualify for exemption from (or reduced rates for) withholding tax under income tax treaties, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in a fund should consult their tax advisors in this regard.
     To the extent such investments are permissible for a particular fund, the fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and certain foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
     Certain transactions effectively insulating a fund from substantially all risk of loss and all opportunity for gain in an appreciated financial position are treated as constructive sales of those positions for federal income tax purposes. Short sales, swap contracts, and forward or futures contracts to sell the appreciated position, or one or more other transactions that have substantially the same effect as those transactions as determined under regulations, are treated as “constructive sales” for this purpose. A fund that owns an appreciated financial position that enters into such a transaction generally recognizes gain for tax purposes prior to the generation of cash by such activities, which may require the fund to sell assets to meet its distribution requirement.
     THE TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS A SUMMARY INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. EACH SHAREHOLDER IS ADVISED TO CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OR HER OF AN INVESTMENT IN ANY OF THE FUNDS, INCLUDING THE EFFECT AND APPLICABILITY OF STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS. THIS DISCUSSION IS NOT INTENDED, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED, TO BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR CAREFUL TAX PLANNING.

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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUNDS
     The funds are overseen by a Board of Trustees. The Trustees are responsible for protecting shareholder interests. The trustees regularly meet to review the investment activities, contractual arrangements and the investment performance of each fund. The trustees met 5 times during the most recent fiscal year.
     Certain trustees are “interested persons.” A Trustee is considered an interested person of the Trust under the 1940 Act if he or she is, among other things, an officer, director, or an employee of Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (“CSIM”). A Trustee also may be considered an interested person of the Trust under the 1940 Act if he or she owns stock of The Charles Schwab Corporation, a publicly traded company and the parent company of the funds’ investment adviser.
     Each of the officers and/or Trustees also serves in the same capacity as described for the Trust, for the Laudus Institutional Trust. As used herein the term “Family of Investment Companies” collectively refers to the Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust which, as of June 30, 2010, included 11 funds.
     The tables below provide information about the Trustees and officers for the Trust, which includes funds in this SAI. The “Fund Complex” includes The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Schwab Strategic Trust, Laudus Trust, and Laudus Institutional Trust. As of June 30, 2010, the Fund Complex included 85 funds. The address of each individual listed below is 211 Main Street, San Francisco, California 94105.
                 
NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND            
POSITION(S) WITH THE       NUMBER OF    
TRUST;       PORTFOLIOS IN    
(TERM OF OFFICE AND       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
LENGTH OF TIME   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
Independent Trustees
 
               
Mariann Byerwalter
1960
Trustee
(January 2004 — present)
  Chairman of JDN Corporate Advisory LLC.     77     Director, Redwood Trust, Inc. (1998 — present)

Director, PMI Group Inc. (2001 — 2009)
 
               
John F. Cogan
1947
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Senior Fellow: The Hoover Institution at Stanford University (Oct. 1979 — present); Senior Fellow Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research; Professor of Public Policy, Stanford University (Sept. 1994 — present).     77     Director, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (2005 — present)

Director, Monaco Coach Corporation (2005 — 2009)
 
               
William A. Hasler 3
1941
Trustee
(January 2004 — present)
  Dean Emeritus, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley (July 1998 — present).     77     Director, Ditech Networks Corporation (1997 — present)

Director, TOUSA (1998 — present)

Director, Mission West Properties (1998 — present)

Director, Globalstar, Inc. (2009 — present)

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND            
POSITION(S) WITH THE       NUMBER OF    
TRUST;       PORTFOLIOS IN    
(TERM OF OFFICE AND       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
LENGTH OF TIME   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
 
              Director, Harris-Stratex Networks (2001 — present)

Director, Aphton Corp. (1991 — 2007)

Director, Solectron Corporation (1998 —2007)

Director, Genitope Corporation (2000 —2009)
 
               
Gerald B. Smith
1950
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Founder of Smith Graham & Co. (investment advisors) (1990 —present).     77     Lead Independent Director, Board of Cooper Industries (2002 — present)

Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee, Oneok Partners LP (2003 — present)

Director, Oneok, Inc. (2009 — present)
 
               
Donald R. Stephens
1938
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Managing Partner, D.R. Stephens & Company (investments) (1973 — present).     77     None.
 
               
Joseph H. Wender
1944
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Senior Consultant, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. (Jan. 2008- present); Partner, Colgin Partners, LLC (vineyards) (February 1998 — present); Senior Director, Chairman of the Finance Committee, GSC Group (July 2005 — Dec. 2007); General Partner, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. (Oct. 1982 — June 2005).     77     Board Member and Chairman of the Audit Committee, Isis Pharmaceuticals (1994 — present)
 
               
Michael W. Wilsey
1943
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Wilsey Bennett, Inc. (real estate investment and management, and other investments).     77     None.
 
               
Interested Trustees
 
               
Charles R. Schwab2
1937
Chairman and Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  Chairman and Director, The Charles Schwab Corporation, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., Charles Schwab Bank, N. A.; Chairman and Chief     77     None.

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND            
POSITION(S) WITH THE       NUMBER OF    
TRUST;       PORTFOLIOS IN    
(TERM OF OFFICE AND       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
LENGTH OF TIME   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
 
  Executive Officer, Schwab (SIS) Holdings Inc. I, Schwab International Holdings, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, Schwab Holdings, Inc.; Through June 2007, Director, U.S. Trust Company, N. A., U.S. Trust Corporation, United States Trust Company of New York. Until October 2008, Chief Executive Officer, The Charles Schwab Corporation, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.            
 
               
Walter W. Bettinger II2
1960
Trustee
(January 2010 — present)
  As of October 2008, President and Chief Executive Officer, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and The Charles Schwab Corporation. Since October 2008, Director, The Charles Schwab Corporation. Since May 2008, Director, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and Schwab Holdings, Inc. Since 2006, Director, Charles Schwab Bank.
From 2004 through 2007, Executive Vice President and President, Schwab Investor Services. From 2004 through 2005, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Individual Investor Enterprise, and from 2002 through 2004, Executive Vice President, Corporate Services.

Until October 2008, President and Chief Operating Officer, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and The Charles Schwab Corporation.
    85     None.
     
NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH, AND    
POSITION(S) WITH THE TRUST;    
(TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF    
TIME SERVED3)   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
Randall W. Merk
1954
President and Chief Executive Officer
(July 2007 — March 2008, July 2010 — present)
  Executive Vice President and President, Investment Management Services, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (August 2004 — present); Executive Vice President, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (2002 — present); Director (Sept. 2006 — present), President and Chief Executive Officer (August 2007-present), Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.; Director, Charles Schwab Asset Management (Ireland) Limited and Charles Schwab Worldwide Funds PLC (Sept. 2002 — present); President and Chief Executive Officer, Schwab Strategic Trust (Oct. 2009 — present); Trustee, Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (June 2006 — December 2009); President and Chief Executive Officer, Excelsior Funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH, AND    
POSITION(S) WITH THE TRUST;    
(TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF    
TIME SERVED3)   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
 
  Funds, Inc. and Excelsior Funds Trust (June 2006 — June 2007).
 
   
George Pereira
1964
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(June 2006 — present)
  Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (November 2004 — present); Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer, Schwab Funds and Schwab ETFs (2009 — present); Director, Charles Schwab Worldwide Fund, PLC and Charles Schwab Asset Management (Ireland) Limited (Sept. 2002 — present); Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, Excelsior Funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., and Excelsior Funds Trust (June 2006 — June 2007).
 
   
Koji E. Felton
1961
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
(February 2010 — present)
  Senior Vice President, Chief Counsel and Corporate Secretary, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (July 2000 — present); Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (June 1998 — present); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Schwab Funds (Nov. 1998 — present); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 — present); Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, Excelsior Funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt Funds, Inc., and Excelsior Funds Trust (June 2006 — June 2007).
 
   
Catherine MacGregor
1964
Chief Legal Officer, Vice President and Clerk
(December 2005 — present)
  Vice President, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (July 2005 — present); Vice President, Schwab Funds (2005 — present), Vice President of Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 — present).
 
   
Michael Haydel
1972
Vice President
(June 2005 — present)
  Vice President, Asset Management Client Services, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (2004 — present); Vice President, Schwab Funds (2005 — present); Vice President, Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 — present).
 
1   Trustees remain in office until they resign, retire or are removed by shareholder vote. The Laudus Funds retirement policy requires that independent trustees retire at age 72 or after 20 years of service as a trustee, whichever comes first. In addition, the Laudus Funds retirement policy also requires any independent trustee of the Laudus Funds who also serves as an independent trustee of the Schwab Funds to retire from the Boards of Trustees of the Laudus Funds upon their required retirement date from either the Boards of Trustees of the Schwab Funds or the Laudus Funds, whichever comes first. Independent trustees will retire on the following schedule: Messrs. Stephens and Wilsey will retire on December 31, 2010.
 
2   Messrs. Schwab and Bettinger are Interested Trustees because they are employees of Schwab and/or the investment adviser. In addition to their employment with Schwab and/or the investment adviser, Messrs. Schwab and Bettinger also own stock of The Charles Schwab Corporation.
 
3   The President, Treasurer and Clerk hold office until their respective successors are chosen and qualified or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each of the other officers serves at the pleasure of the Board.
Board Leadership Structure
The Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Charles R. Schwab, is Chairman of the Board of Directors of The Charles Schwab Corporation and an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Trust does not have a single lead independent trustee. The Board is comprised of a super-majority (77 percent) of trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (i.e., “independent trustees”). There are four primary committees of the Board: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Governance Committee; the Investment Oversight Committee; and the Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee. Each of the Committees is chaired by an independent trustee, and each Committee is comprised solely of independent trustees. The Committee chairs preside at Committee meetings, participate in formulating agendas for those meetings, and coordinate with management to serve as a liaison between the independent trustees and management on matters within the scope of the responsibilities of each Committee

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as set forth in its Board-approved charter. The Board has determined that this leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Board made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the independent trustees of the funds of the Trust constitute a super-majority of the Board, the fact that Committee chairs are independent trustees, the number of series (and classes) overseen by the Board, and the total number of trustees on the Board.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
The Board of Trustees’ role in the risk oversight of the Trust consists of monitoring risks identified during regular and special reports to the Committees of the Board, as well as regular and special reports to the full Board. In addition to monitoring such risks, the Committees and the Board oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Trust may be exposed. For example, the Investment Oversight Committee meets with portfolio managers and receives regular reports regarding investment risk and credit risk of a fund’s portfolio. The Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer and receives regular reports regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee receives regular reports regarding risks related to distribution of the Trust’s shares. Oversight of compliance risks also is within the purview of each of the Committees with respect to their designated areas of responsibility. From its review of these reports and discussions with management, each Committee learns in detail about the material risks of each series of the Trust, enabling the independent Committee chairs and other independent members of the Committees to discuss these risks with the full Board, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers mitigate those risks.
Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Board has concluded that each of the trustees should initially and continue to serve on the Board because of (i) his or her ability to review and understand information about the Trust provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management regarding material factors bearing on the management of the Trust, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Trust’s shareholders and (ii) the trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills as described below.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Bettinger should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained as president and chief executive officer of The Charles Schwab Corporation, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2008.
The Board has concluded that Ms. Byerwalter should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience she gained as chairman of her own corporate advisory and consulting firm and as former chief financial officer of a university and a bank, the experience she has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2000 and the Laudus Funds since 2004, and her service on other public company and mutual insurance company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Cogan should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained serving as a senior fellow and professor of public policy at a university and his former service in government, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2008, and his service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Hasler should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained serving as former vice chair of the consulting practice of an accounting firm and as former co-chief executive officer of a public company, his service as former dean of a business school, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2000 and the Laudus Funds since 2004, his service on other public company boards, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee.

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The Board has concluded that Mr. Schwab should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as founder and chairman of the board of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and subsequently its parent corporation, The Charles Schwab Corporation, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, the experience he has gained serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Schwab Funds since their inception, and his former service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Smith should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as managing partner of his own investment advisory firm, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2000, his service on other public company boards, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Investment Oversight Committee.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Stephens should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as managing partner of his own investment firm and former chairman and chief executive officer of a real estate investment trust, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since their inception, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Wender should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained serving as former partner and chairman of the finance committee of an investment bank, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since 2008, and his service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Wilsey should serve as a trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as chief executive officer of his own transportation and real estate investment firm, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab Funds since their inception, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Governance Committee.
Trustee Committees
     Prior to February 25, 2010, the Trustees had established an Audit and Compliance Committee and a Nominating Committee. At the February 25, 2010 Board meeting, the Trustees revised the Committee structure of the Board and adopted Committee charters with respect to each of those new Committees, as described below:
    The Audit and Compliance Committee reviews the integrity of the Trust’s financial reporting processes and compliance policies, procedures and processes, and the Trust’s overall system of internal controls. The Audit and Compliance Committee also reviews and evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors. This Committee is comprised of at least three Independent Trustees and currently has the following members: William A. Hasler (Chairman), Mariann Byerwalter and John F. Cogan. The charter directs that the Committee must meet four times annually, with additional meetings as the Committee deems appropriate. The Committee met 1 time during the most recent fiscal year. Prior to February 25, 2010, the members of the Audit and Compliance Committee were Mr. Hasler, Ms. Byerwalter and Nils Hakansson (Chairman) (a former independent Trustee who retired effective December 31, 2009). That Committee met three times during the most fiscal recent year.
 
    The Governance Committee (formerly the Nominating Committee) reviews and makes recommendations to the Board regarding Trust governance-related matters, including but not limited to Board compensation practices, retirement policies and term limits, Board self-evaluations, the effectiveness and allocation of assignments and functions by the Board, the composition of Committees of the Board, and the training of Trustees. The Governance Committee is also responsible for selecting and nominating candidates to serve as Trustees. The Governance Committee does not have a policy with respect to consideration of candidates for Trustee submitted by shareholders. However, if the Governance Committee determined that it would be in the best interests of the Trust to fill a vacancy on the Board of Trustees, and a shareholder submitted a candidate for consideration by the Board of Trustees to fill the vacancy, the Governance Committee would evaluate that candidate. This Committee is comprised of at least

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      three Independent Trustees and currently has the following members: Michael W. Wilsey (Chairman), Mariann Byerwalter, John F. Cogan, and William A. Hasler. The charter directs that the Committee meets at such times and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met 1 time during the most recent fiscal year. Prior to February 25, 2010, the members of the former Nominating Committee were Mr. Hasler, Ms. Byerwalter and Nils Hakansson (a former independent Trustee who retired effective December 31, 2009). That Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
 
    The Investment Oversight Committee reviews the investment activities of the Trust and the performance of the Fund’s investment advisers. This Committee is comprised of at least three Trustees (at least two-thirds of whom shall be Independent Trustees) and currently has the following members: Gerald B. Smith (Chairman), Donald R. Stephens, Joseph H. Wender, and Michael W. Wilsey. The charter directs that the Committee meet at such times and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
 
    The Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Committee reviews matters relating to the marketing of the Fund’s shares; oversees the quality and cost of shareholder services provided to the Trust and its shareholders pursuant to the shareholder servicing and/or administrative service plans; oversees the Trust’s distribution-related arrangements, including the distribution-related services provided to the Trust and its shareholders; and reviews new products and changes to existing products. This Committee is comprised of at least two Trustees (at least two-thirds of whom shall be Independent Trustees) and currently has the following members: Donald R. Stephens (Chairman), Gerald B. Smith, and Joseph H. Wender. The charter directs that the Committee meet at such times and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
Trustee Compensation
     The following table provides Trustee compensation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010.
                                 
            PENSION OR           TOTAL
            RETIREMENT           COMPENSATION
    AGGREGATE   BENEFITS   ESTIMATED   FROM REGISTRANT
    COMPENSATION   ACCRUED AS   ANNUAL   AND FUND
NAME OF   FROM   PART OF FUND   BENEFITS UPON   COMPLEX2 PAID
PERSON   REGISTRANT   EXPENSES1   RETIREMENT*   TO TRUSTEES
 
                               
TRUSTEES:
                               
 
                               
Interested Trustees
                               
Charles R. Schwab3
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Walter W. Bettinger3
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Randall W. Merk4
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Independent Trustees
                               
Mariann Byerwalter
  $ 43,555     $ 24,898     $ 24,898     $ 281,251  
William A. Hasler
  $ 43,555     $ 24,898     $ 24,898     $ 281,251  
John F. Cogan3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Gerald B. Smith3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 273,376  
Donald R. Stephens3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Joseph H. Wender3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Michael W. Wilsey3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 218,112  
Nils Hakansson4
  $ 40,274     $ 175,007     $ 175,007     $ 45,250  

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1   Cumulative.
 
2   As of March 31, 2010, the Fund Complex consisted of 85 funds, which included the 9 operational series of the Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust and 74 operational series of the The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Investments, Schwab Annuity Portfolios and Schwab Strategic Trust.
 
3   Elected to Board effective January 1, 2010.
 
4   Retired or resigned from the Board effective December 31, 2009.
 
*   Lump sum payment.
     A retirement plan was instituted for all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust (the “Retirement Plan”). Under the terms of the Retirement Plan, upon retirement or other termination from service from the Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (other than termination for cause), a retiring Independent Trustee who has served as Independent Trustee for at least five years shall be paid a lump sum cash payment (the “Retirement Payment”). The Retirement Payment shall be equal to $10,000 for each year that the Trustee served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust, including years of service prior to the adoption of the Retirement Plan. Each Independent Trustee was permitted to make a one-time election to have the $10,000 attributable to service for the coming year adjusted up or down at the end of each subsequent year based on the unweighted average performance of the lowest cost share class of each fund of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust that is in operation for all of such year. Each Independent Trustee also was given the opportunity to make a one-time election to have previously accrued benefits fluctuate beginning April 1, 2005 based on performance of the funds as described in the previous sentence. As a result, the amount of the Retirement Payment payable to any Independent Trustee may increase or decrease based upon performance of the funds. The portion of the total Retirement Payment owed to an Independent Trustee upon his or her retirement that is payable by any fund will be determined based on the relative net assets of the funds of the Trust in operation on the date of the Independent Trustee’s retirement.
     Effective June 28, 2006, the Retirement Plan terminated with respect to new Participants. With respect to Participants prior to June 26, 2006 (a “Current Participant”), the Account Balance of each Current Participant under the Plan was frozen at the value determined as of September 29, 2006, except that each Account Balance was credited with an amount equal to one-half of the amount that would be credited to such Account Balance as of the last day of the Plan Year ending March 31, 2007. The terms of the Plan, including without limitation provisions relating to vesting and payment upon termination of service, remain in full force and effect.
Securities Beneficially Owned by Each Trustee
The following table provides each Trustee’s equity ownership of the funds and ownership of all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee in the Family of Investment Companies as of December 31, 2009.
                                         
                                    Aggregate Dollar
                                    Range of Equity
    Dollar Range of Equity   Securities in the
    Securities in a Fund   Family of Investment
                            International   Companies1
    International   Global Equity   Emerging   Fixed Income   as of December 31,
Name of Trustee   Equity Fund   Fund   Markets Fund   Fund   2009
 
                                       
Independent Trustees:
                                       
Mariann Byerwalter
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
John F. Cogan
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
William A. Hasler
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 50,001-100,000     $ 50,001-100,000       Over $100,000  
Gerald B. Smith
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Donald R. Stephens
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Joseph H. Wender
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Michael W. Wilsey
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  

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                                    Aggregate Dollar
                                    Range of Equity
    Dollar Range of Equity   Securities in the
    Securities in a Fund   Family of Investment
                            International   Companies1
    International   Global Equity   Emerging   Fixed Income   as of December 31,
Name of Trustee   Equity Fund   Fund   Markets Fund   Fund   2009
 
                                       
Interested Trustees:
                                       
Charles R. Schwab
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0       Over $100,000       Over $100,000  
Walter W. Bettinger
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
 
1   As of December 31, 2009, the Family of Investment Companies consisted of the 11 operational series of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
     After its initial two year term, the continuation of each fund’s advisory agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (1) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the fund, and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the investment advisory agreement or “interested persons” of any party (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
     After its initial two year term, each year, the Board of Trustees will call and hold one or more meetings to decide whether to renew the advisory agreements between the Trust and CSIM (the “Investment Adviser”), and the sub-advisory agreement between, CSIM and Mondrian Investment Partners Limited (the “Subadviser” or “Mondrian”) with respect to the funds. In preparation for the meetings, the Board requests and reviews a wide variety of materials provided by CSIM and Mondrian as well as extensive data provided by third parties and the Independent Trustees receive advice from counsel to the Independent Trustees.
     Mondrian serves as a subadviser to the funds. Mondrian was established as a limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales in 1990 under the name Delaware International Advisers Limited, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Delaware Holdings, Inc. In 2004, a senior management team, together with private equity funds sponsored by Hellman & Friedman LLC, acquired Delaware International Advisers Limited and changed its name to Mondrian Investment Partners Limited. Mondrian is currently 61% owned by its senior employees, including the majority of investment professionals, senior client service officers, and senior operations personnel, and 39% owned by private equity funds affiliated with Hellman & Friedman LLC. Mondrian’s principal office is located at Fifth Floor 10 Gresham Street London EC2V 7JD. Hellman & Friedman’s principal office is located at One Maritime Plaza, 12th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111.
     CSIM oversees the advisory services provided to the funds. Pursuant to a separate sub-advisory agreement, and under the supervision of the Investment Adviser and the funds’ Board of Trustees, Mondrian is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of each fund’s assets. Mondrian also is responsible for managing their employees who provide services to the funds.
MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS
About CSIM
     CSIM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Charles Schwab Corporation. Both CSIM and The Charles Schwab Corporation are located at 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105.
     Principal Executive Officer and Directors — Listed below are the directors and principal executive officer of CSIM. The principal business address of each director and the principal executive officer, as it relates to their duties at CSIM, is the same as above.
     
NAME   POSITION
Randall W. Merk
  Director, President and Chief Executive Officer

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NAME   POSITION
Charles R. Schwab
  Chairman and Director
     As disclosed in the Prospectus under the heading “Management of the funds” under management contracts (each a “Management Contract”) between the Trust, on behalf of each fund, and CSIM, subject to the supervision of the Trustees of the Trust and such policies as the Trustees may determine, CSIM furnishes office space and equipment, provides certain bookkeeping and clerical services and pays all salaries, fees and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with CSIM. In addition, pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between CSIM and Mondrian, Mondrian will continuously furnish an investment program for each fund and will make investment decisions on behalf of each fund and place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.
     Each of the funds has agreed to pay CSIM a monthly management fee at the annual percentage rate of the relevant fund’s average daily net assets. The table below shows the advisory fee payable to CSIM by each fund.
         
    AGREEMENT
FUND   RATE
 
 
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  First $1 billion — 0.85%
Over $1 billion — 0.80%
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  First $1 billion —0.85%
Over $1 billion — 0.80%
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  First $1 billion — 1.20%
Over $1 billion — 1.15%
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  0.60%
     CSIM has agreed with the Trust that it will waive some or all of its management fees under the Management Contract and, if necessary, will bear certain expenses of each fund until July 30, 2012 (unless the waiver is extended, modified or terminated by mutual agreement of the Trust and CSIM; provided that termination by CSIM must be authorized by the Board of Trustees) so that each fund’s total annual operating expenses (exclusive of nonrecurring account fees, fees on securities transactions such as exchange fees, service fees, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, other expenditures which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the funds’ business) applicable to each class will not exceed the limit stated in the Prospectus. In addition, CSIM’s compensation under each Management Contract is subject to reduction to the extent that in any year the expenses of a fund (including investment advisory fees but excluding taxes, portfolio brokerage commissions and any distribution and shareholder service expenses paid by a class of shares of a fund pursuant to a distribution and shareholder service plan or otherwise) exceed the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the fund are qualified for offer and sale.
     Each Management Contract provides that CSIM shall not be subject to any liability to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust in connection with the performance of its services thereunder in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
     Each Management Contract will continue in effect for a period no more than two years from the date of its execution, and annual renewals thereof must be approved by (i) vote, cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose, of a majority of those Trustees who are not “interested persons” of CSIM or the Trust, and by (ii) the majority vote of either the full Board of Trustees or the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the relevant fund. Each Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on not more than 60 days’ notice by the Trust to CSIM or by CSIM to the Trust.
     For the fiscal years ended March 31, the funds owed (and, to the extent not waived, paid to) CSIM as management

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fees, and CSIM, in its capacity as adviser, has waived and reimbursed to the funds, the following amounts:
                         
                    Amount
Fund   Time Period   Management Fee   Waived/Reimbursed
 
 
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 531,005     $ 117,738  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 84,855     $ 114,133  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 33,617     $ 155,862  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 25,429     $ 94,597  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 810,598     $ 166,130  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 320,323     $ 180,441  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 84,187     $ 79,959  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 1,151,594     $ 79,404  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 589,430     $ 143,612  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 106,185     $ 83,808  
 
  Commencement of operations.
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT
     The Trust and CSIM have entered into an agreement on behalf of each fund with Mondrian by which it acts as subadviser to the funds (the “Subadviser Agreement”). Under the Subadviser Agreement, Mondrian, at its expense, continuously furnishes an investment management program for the particular fund and makes investment decisions on behalf of such fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities and all other investments, subject to the supervision of CSIM and the Trustees.
Subadvisory Fee
     This section describes the subadvisory fee payable by CSIM to Mondrian. Please remember, however, that the following fees described are paid by CSIM to Mondrian; they do not affect how much you pay or your fund pays.
     
FUND   SUBADVISORY FEE
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  First $250 million — 0.40%
Over $250 million — 0.325%
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  First $250 million — 0.40%
Over $250 million — 0.325%
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  First $250 million — 0.65%
Over $250 million — 0.60%
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  First $250 million — 0.30%
Over $250 million — 0.265%
     During the fiscal years ended March 31, CSIM owed (and, to the extent not waived, paid to) Mondrian as subadvisory fees, and Mondrian in its capacity as Subadviser, has waived, the following amounts:

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            Subadvisory   Amount
Fund   Time Period   Fee   Waived
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 250,862     $ 0  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 40,047     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 15,838     $ 0  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 11,921     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 440,915          
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 173,429     $ 0  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 45,469     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 75,867          
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 294,423     $ 0  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 53,757     $ 0  
 
*   Commencement of operations.
     Administrative Services. The Trust has entered into a Fund Administration Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Administrator”) pursuant to which the Administrator provides certain management and administrative services necessary for the funds’ operations including: (i) regulatory compliance, including the compilation of information for documents such as reports to, and filings with, the SEC and state securities commissions, and preparation of proxy statements and shareholder reports for the funds; (ii) general supervision relative to the compilation of data required for the preparation of periodic reports distributed to the funds’ officers and Board of Trustees; and (iii) furnishing office space and certain facilities required for conducting the business of the funds. For these services, the Administrator is entitled to receive $1,000 per fund per annum, as well as a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Trust (the “Administrator’s Asset-Based Fee”). In calculating the Administrator’s Asset Based-Fee payable by the Trust, the assets of the Trust are aggregated with the average daily net assets of each of the other portfolios for which CSIM serves as investment adviser and State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as administrator1. The Administrator’s Asset-Based Fee will be calculated as follows:
         
AVERAGE DAILY NET ASSETS   FEE
First $100 billion
  0.11 bp
Next $60 billion
  0.07 bp
Thereafter
  0.05 bp
 
1   In addition to the portfolios of the Trust, this list includes each of the portfolios of the Laudus Institutional Trust, Schwab Investments, The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, and Schwab Capital Trust.
     For the fiscal years ended March 31, State Street Bank and Trust Company in its capacity as the Administrator was paid, and waived, the following amounts:
                         
            Fees     Fees  
Fund   Time Period     Received     Waived  
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 1,622     $ 0  
 
                     
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 859     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  3/31/09 to 3/31/10   $ 1,132     $ 0  
 
                     
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 810     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 1,641     $ 0  
 
                     
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 1,211     $ 0  
 
                     

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            Fees     Fees  
Fund   Time Period     Received     Waived  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 464     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 2,660     $ 0  
 
                     
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 1,812     $ 0  
 
                     
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 498     $ 0  
 
  Commencement of operations.
     The Trust also has entered into a Fund Accounting Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Fund Accountant”) pursuant to which the Fund Accountant provides certain accounting services necessary for the funds’ operations. For these services, the Fund Accountant is entitled to receive a base fee of $29,000 per annum for each of the funds. The Fund Accountant is also entitled to a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Trust (the “Fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee”). In calculating the Fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee payable by the Trust, the assets of the Trust are aggregated with the average daily net assets of certain of the portfolios for which CSIM serves as investment adviser and State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as fund accountant (see footnote 1 above). The Fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee will be calculated as follows:
         
AVERAGE DAILY NET ASSETS   FEE
First $100 billion
  0.25 bp
Next $60 billion
  0.18 bp
Thereafter
  0.13 bp
     In addition, the Fund Accountant is entitled to a per security pricing fee based on the monthly holdings of each fund equal to $2 for equity securities and $8 for fixed income securities. For certain of the funds this fee could be quite substantial. Lastly, for each fund, the Fund Accountant is entitled to a fair valuation fee of $4,000 per annum.
     For the fiscal years ended March 31, State Street Bank and Trust Company in its capacity as Fund Accountant was paid, and waived, the following amounts:
                         
            Fees    
Fund   Time Period   Received   Waived
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 50,484     $ 0  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 18,359     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 49,906     $ 0  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 18,753     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 47,520     $ 0  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 43,520     $ 0  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 2,443     $ 0  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 47,811     $ 0  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 42,101     $ 0  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 2,131     $ 0  
 
  Commencement of operations.
     Distributor and Distribution and Shareholder Service Plans. As stated in the Prospectus under the heading “Management of the funds — Distributor,” shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and Institutional Shares, Select Shares and Investor Shares of each other fund are sold on a continuous basis by the Trust’s distributor, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”). The Trust reserves the right at any time to modify the restrictions set forth above, including the suspension of all sales of all shares or the lifting of restrictions on different classes of investors and/or transactions. The Distributor’s principal offices are located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado, 80203. Under the Distributor’s Contract between the Trust and the Distributor (the “Distributor’s Contract”), the Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares of the Trust and will purchase shares for resale only against orders for shares.

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     Pursuant to the Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan described in the Prospectus (the “Plan”), in connection with the distribution of Investor Shares of a fund and/or in connection with the provision of direct client service, personal services, maintenance of shareholder accounts and reporting services to holders of such shares, the Distributor receives certain distribution and shareholder service fees from the Trust. The distribution and shareholder service fees will not be retained by the Distributor but will instead be reallowed to the financial intermediaries who provide these services. The Distributor may pay all or a portion of the distribution and shareholder service fees it receives from the Trust to intermediaries. The funds pay no fees in connection with the distribution of shares of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and Select Shares or Institutional Shares of a fund.
     The Plan shall continue in effect for so long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually by votes of the majority of both (i) the Trustees of the Trust and (ii) those Trustees of the Trust who are not “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Trust, and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or any agreements related to it (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a Board of Trustees meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan. The Plan requires that quarterly written reports of amounts spent under the Plan and the purposes of such expenditures be furnished to and reviewed by the Trustees. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of distribution expenses permitted to be paid under the Plan without the approval of shareholders holding a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the relevant class of the fund. All material amendments to the Plan must be approved by votes of the majority of both (i) the Trustees of the fund and (ii) the Independent Trustees. For so long as the plans are in effect, selection and nomination of those Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons of the Trust shall be committed to the discretion of such disinterested persons.
     The Distributor’s Contract may be terminated with respect to any fund or shares class thereof at any time on 60 days’ written notice without penalty either by the Distributor, by the fund or class, or by the Trust and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
     The Distributor’s Contract will continue in effect with respect to each class of shares to which it relates for two years and thereafter for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the Trust’s Board of Trustees or (ii) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of a class, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust by vote cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.
     If the Plan or the Distributor’s Contract is terminated (or not renewed with respect to one or more classes), it may continue in effect with respect to any class of any fund as to which it has not been terminated (or has not been renewed).
     The Trustees believe that the Plan will benefit the funds and their shareholders. Based on the experience of the funds under the Plan, and the relative success that this method of distribution has had for the funds, the Trustees believe that the Plan will likely result in higher fund asset levels. Higher fund asset levels can be expected to reduce fund expense ratios and increase the ability of the Adviser to seek out more investment opportunities for the funds in order to obtain greater portfolio diversification.
     The Plan is a “compensation” plan. This means that the fees are payable to compensate the Distributor or another intermediary for services rendered even if the amount paid exceeds the Distributor’s or intermediary’s expenses. Because these fees are paid out of the funds’ assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
     Prior to June 2009, the funds paid intermediaries directly under the Plan. As of June 2009, the Distributor will pay intermediaries on behalf of the funds for the expenses incurred by the funds under the Plan. For the fiscal years ended March 31, the funds incurred distribution expenses and paid intermediaries as follows:

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            Distribution Expenses   Distribution Expenses
Fund   Time Period   Incurred by the Fund   Paid to Intermediaries
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 794     $ 794  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 145     $ 145  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 141     $ 141  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 59     $ 59  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 17,403     $ 17,403  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 7,969     $ 7,969  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 848     $ 848  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 0     $ 0  
 
  4/1/08 to 3/31/09   $ 56,126     $ 56,126  
 
  11/2/07* to 3/31/08   $ 6,100     $ 6,100  
 
  Commencement of operations.
     Custodial Arrangements. The Trust’s custodian is State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Custodian”), Boston MA 02103. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Trust and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to each fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the fund in connection with fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to fund portfolio securities.
     Transfer Agent. The Trust’s transfer agent and dividend paying agent is Boston Financial Data Services, Inc., 2 Heritage Drive, Quincy, MA 02171.
     Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 3 Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, California 94111. The firm conducts an annual audit of the financial statements, assists in the preparation of the Trust’s federal and state income tax returns and filings with the SEC, and consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation.
     Codes Of Ethics. Each of the Trust (on behalf of each fund), CSIM, Mondrian and the Distributor (as the funds’ principal underwriter) have adopted codes of ethics (each a “Code”) pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. Each permits personnel subject thereto to invest in securities subject to certain conditions or restrictions. CSIM’s and the Trust’s Code permits personnel to buy or sell, directly or indirectly, securities for their own accounts. This includes securities that may be purchased or held by the funds CSIM manages. Securities transactions by some of these individuals are subject to prior approval of CSIM’s Chief Compliance Officer or designee and are subject to certain restrictions. Covered securities transactions are subject to quarterly and annual reporting and review requirements.
     Mondrian’s Code permits personnel to buy or sell securities for their own accounts and accounts for which they are the beneficial owner so long as the investment does not lead to an actual or potential conflict of interest. This includes securities that may be purchased or held by the funds Mondrian advises or subadvises. Securities transactions may be

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subject to prior approval of Mondrian’s Chief Compliance Officer or his or her alternate. Most securities transactions are subject to quarterly reporting and review requirements.
     The Distributor’s Code permits personnel subject thereto to invest in securities, including securities that the fund may purchase or hold, so long as the individual, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her duties, does not have knowledge of a pending buy or sell order by the funds. In such cases where such knowledge may exist, the individual is prohibited from engaging in such transactions while the buy or sell order is pending.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
Mondrian Investment Partners Limited (“Mondrian”) sub-advises each of the funds.
Other Accounts. In addition to the funds, the portfolio managers are responsible for the day-to-day management of certain other accounts, as listed below, as of March 31, 2010. There are only two accounts with respect to which the advisory fee is based on the performance of the account, one managed by Nigel May and Andrew Porter with assets totaling $218,926,336 and the other managed by David Wakefield with assets totaling $804,158,590. These accounts have been included under “Other Accounts” for the respective investment professional.
                                                 
    Registered Investment   Other Pooled Investment   Other Accounts
    Companies   Vehicles   (separate accounts)
    Number of   Total   Number of           Number of    
Name   Accounts   Assets   Accounts   Total Assets   Accounts   Total Assets
Other Accounts Managed by:
Emerging Markets Manager
Andrew Miller
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       1     $ 223M       11     $ 3,089M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    1     $6MM     2     $ 446M       1     $ 279  
Ginny Chong
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       1     $ 223M       10     $ 2,955M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    2     $ 150M       3     $ 383M       0     $ 0M  
International Equity Managers
Elizabeth Desmond
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       2     $ 3,413M       19     $ 7,288M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    8     $ 3,147M       5     $ 665M       1     $ 62M  
Russell Mackie
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    1     $ 71M       0     $ 0       24     $ 3,415M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    3     $ 371M       5     $ 485M       0     $ 0  
Emma Lewis
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       0     $ 0       4     $ 979M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    5     $ 1,355M       1     $ 9M       0     $ 0  
Global Equity Managers

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    Registered Investment   Other Pooled Investment   Other Accounts
    Companies   Vehicles   (separate accounts)
    Number of   Total   Number of           Number of    
Name   Accounts   Assets   Accounts   Total Assets   Accounts   Total Assets
Brendan Baker
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       2     $ 72M       7     $ 2,450M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    2     $ 260M       0       0       0       0  
Andrew Porter
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       1     $ 3,397       17     $ 6,837  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    1     $ 33M       1     $ 9M       1     $ 66M  
International Fixed Income
Chris Moth
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       4     $ 1,504M       21     $ 11,671M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    3     $ 243M       0     $ 0       0       0  
David Wakefield
                                               
Advisory Relationship
    0     $ 0       1     $ 1M       23     $ 9,749M  
Sub-Advisory Relationship
    1     $ 96M       0       0       0       0  
 
  Mondrian manages its accounts using a team-based approach. Accordingly, client accounts are assigned to more than one portfolio manager, therefore the accounts listed above may be attributed to more than one of the portfolio managers listed.
Conflicts of Interest. Mondrian does not foresee any material conflicts of interest that may arise in the management of the funds and any other accounts managed with similar investment guidelines. Mondrian acts solely as an investment manager and does not engage in any other business activities. The following is a list of some potential conflicts of interest that can arise in the course of normal investment management business activities together with a summary of Mondrian’s policy in that area:
Allocation of aggregated trades
Mondrian may from time to time aggregate trades for a number of its clients.
Mondrian’s policy requires that all allocations of aggregated trades must be fair between clients. Transactions involving commingled orders are allocated in a manner deemed equitable to each account. When a combined order is executed in a series of transactions, at different prices, each account participating in the order may be allocated an average price obtained from the broker/dealer. When a trade can be allocated in a cost efficient manner to our clients, it will be prorated across all participating accounts. Mondrian may randomly allocate purchases or sales among participating accounts when the amounts involved are too small to be evenly proportioned in a cost efficient manner. In performing random allocations, Mondrian will consider consistency of strategy implementation among participating accounts.
Allocation of investment opportunities
Mondrian is an investment manager of multiple client portfolios. As such, it has to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated fairly between clients. There is a potential risk that Mondrian may favor one client over another client in making allocations of investment opportunities.
Mondrian makes security selection decisions at committee level. Those securities identified as investment opportunities are added to a list of approved securities; portfolios will hold only such approved securities.
All portfolios governed by the same or a similar mandate will be structured similarly (that is, will hold the same or comparable stocks), and will exhibit similar characteristics. Sale and purchase opportunities identified at regular

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investment meetings will be applied to portfolios across the board, subject to the requirements of individual client mandates.
See also “Side-by-side management of hedge funds” below.
Allocation of IPO opportunities
Initial Public Offerings (“IPO’s”) present a potential conflict of interest when they are priced at a discount to the anticipated secondary market price and the issuer has restricted or scaled back its allocation due to market demand. In such instances, the IPO allocation could be divided among a small select group of clients with others not receiving the allocation they would otherwise be entitled to.
Mondrian clients with relevant mandates are given an equal opportunity, proportionate to the size of their portfolio, to participate in IPO trades. All IPO purchases are allocated on a strict pro-rata basis.
Dealing in investments as principal in connections with the provision of seed capital
A conflict of interest exists when a portfolio management firm manages its own money alongside client money.
Mondrian generally does not trade for its own account. However, Mondrian and its affiliates have provided the seed capital to certain investment vehicles that have been established by Mondrian group entities. Mondrian serves as the investment manager to these investment vehicles.
Mondrian operates dealing policies designed to ensure the fair and equal treatment of all clients e.g. the allocation of aggregated trades among clients. These policies ensure that any portfolios in which Mondrian has an investment interest do not receive favorable treatment relative to other client portfolios.
Directorships and external arrangements
Certain Mondrian staff may hold positions in external organizations. There is a potential risk that Mondrian personnel may place their own interests (resulting from outside employment / directorships) ahead of the interests of Mondrian clients.
Before accepting an executive or non-executive directorship or any other appointment in another company, employees, including executive directors, must obtain the prior approval of the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Compliance Officer must also be informed of all such appointments and changes.
The CEO and CCO will only permit appointments that would not present a conflict of interest with the individual’s responsibilities to Mondrian clients.
Dual agency
Dual Agency (also known as Cross Trading) concerns those transactions where Mondrian may act as agent for both the buyer and seller. In such circumstances there is a potential conflict of interest as it may be possible to favor one client over another when establishing the execution price and/or commission rate.
Although it rarely does so, Mondrian may act as agent for both buying and selling parties with respect to transactions in investments. If Mondrian proposes to act in such capacity, the Portfolio Manager will first obtain approval from the Chief Compliance Officer. The CCO has an obligation to ensure that both parties are treated fairly in any such trade.
Employee personal account dealing
There are a number of potential conflicts when staff of an investment firm engage in buying and selling securities for their personal account.

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Mondrian has arrangements in place to ensure that none of its directors, officers or employees (or persons connected to them by way of a business or domestic relationship) effects any transaction on their own account which conflicts with client interests.
Mondrian’s rules which govern personal account dealing and general ethical standards are set out in the Mondrian Investment Partners Code of Ethics.
Gifts and entertainment (received)
In the normal course of business Mondrian employees may receive gifts and entertainment from third parties e.g. brokers and other service providers. This results in a potential conflict of interest when selecting third parties to provide services to Mondrian and its clients.
Mondrian has a policy which requires that gifts and entertainment received are reported to the Chief Compliance Officer (any items in excess of £100 require pre-approval).
All gifts and entertainment are reviewed to ensure that they are not inappropriate and that staff have not been unduly influenced by them.
Gifts and entertainment (given)
In the normal course of business, Mondrian employees may provide gifts and entertainment to third parties. Excessively lavish gifts and entertainment would be inappropriate.
Mondrian has a policy which requires that any gifts and entertainment provided are reported to the Chief Compliance Officer (any items in excess of £200 require pre-approval).
All gifts and entertainment are reviewed to ensure that they are not inappropriate and that staff have not attempted to obtain undue influence from them.
Performance fees
Where an investment firm has clients with a performance fee arrangement there is a risk that those clients could be favored over clients without performance fees.
Mondrian charges fees as a proportion of assets under management. In a very limited number of situations, in addition to this fee basis, certain accounts also include a performance fee basis.
The potential conflict of interest arising from these fee arrangements is addressed by Mondrian’s procedures for the allocation of aggregated trades among clients. Investment opportunities are allocated totally independently of fee arrangements.
Side-by-side management of hedge funds (Mondrian Alpha Funds)
Where an investment manager has responsibility for managing long only portfolios alongside portfolios that can take short positions there is potential for a conflict of interest to arise between the two types of portfolio.
Mondrian acts as investment manager for two Fixed Income Alpha and one Equity Alpha fund. The Alpha Funds are permitted to take short positions and are also permitted to invest in some or all of the same securities that Mondrian manages for other clients.
Mondrian is satisfied that the investment styles of these different products significantly reduce the likelihood of a conflict of interest arising. However, Mondrian has a number of policies and procedures in place that are designed to ensure that any potential conflicts are correctly managed and monitored so that all clients are treated fairly.

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Soft dollar arrangements
Where an investment manager has soft dollar arrangements in place with a broker/dealer there is a potential conflict of interest as trading volumes through that broker/dealer are usually important in ensuring that soft dollar targets are met.
As is typical in the investment management industry, Mondrian client funds are used to pay brokerage commissions for the execution of transactions in the client’s portfolio. As part of that execution service, brokers generally provide proprietary research to their clients as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing of analyses and reports concerning issuers, securities or industries; and providing information on economic factors and trends.
Proprietary research may be used by Mondrian in connection with its investment decision-making process with respect to one or more accounts managed by it, and it may or may not be used, or used exclusively, with respect to the account generating the brokerage.
With the exception of the receipt of proprietary research, Mondrian has no other soft dollar or commission sharing arrangements in place with brokers.
Compensation. Mondrian’s compensation arrangements are designed to attract and retain high caliber staff. The compensation structure does not provide incentives for any member staff to favor any client (or group of clients). Incentives (bonus and equity programs) focus on the key areas of research quality, long-term and short-term performance, teamwork, client service and marketing.
Competitive Salary — All investment professionals are remunerated with a competitive base salary that periodically changes over time.
Profit Sharing Bonus Pool — All Mondrian staff, including portfolio managers and senior officers, qualify for participation in an annual profit sharing pool determined by the company’s profitability (approximately 30% of profits).
Equity Ownership — Mondrian is majority management-owned. A high proportion of senior Mondrian staff (investment professionals and other support functions) are shareholders in the business.
Incentives (Bonus and Equity Programs) focus on the key areas of research quality, long-term and short-term performance, teamwork, client service and marketing. As an individual’s ability to influence these factors depends on that individual’s position and seniority within the firm, so the allocation of participation in these programs will reflect this.
At Mondrian, the investment management of particular portfolios is not “star manager” based but uses a team system. This means that Mondrian’s investment professionals are primarily assessed on their contribution to the team’s effort and results, though with an important element of their assessment being focused on the quality of their individual research contribution.
Compensation Committee. In determining the amount of bonuses and equity awarded, Mondrian’s Board of Directors consults with the company’s Compensation Committee, which makes recommendations based on a number of factors including investment research, organization management, team work, client servicing and marketing.
Defined Contribution Pension Plan. All portfolio managers are members of the Mondrian defined contribution pension plan where Mondrian pays a regular monthly contribution and the member may pay additional voluntary contributions if they wish. The plan is governed by trustees who have responsibility for the trust fund and payments of benefits to members. In addition, the plan provides death benefits for death in service and a spouse’s or dependant’s pension may also be payable.
No element of portfolio manager compensation is based on the performance of individual client accounts.

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Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2010, none of the portfolio managers beneficially owned shares of the funds they managed.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
     Investment Decisions. The purchase and sale of portfolio securities for the funds and for the other investment advisory clients of Mondrian are made by it with a view to achieving each client’s investment objective. For example, a particular security may be purchased or sold on behalf of certain clients of Mondrian even though it could also have been purchased or sold for other clients at the same time.
     Likewise, a particular security may be purchased on behalf of one or more clients when Mondrian is selling the same security on behalf of one or more other clients. In some instances, therefore, Mondrian, acting for one client may sell a particular security to another client indirectly. It also happens that two or more clients may simultaneously buy or sell the same security, in which event purchases or sales are effected pro rata on the basis of cash available or another equitable basis so as to avoid any one account being preferred over any other account.
     Mondrian makes decisions with respect to the purchase and sale of portfolio securities on behalf of the funds. Mondrian is responsible for implementing these decisions, including the negotiation of commissions and the allocation of principal business and portfolio brokerage. Purchases and sales of securities on a stock exchange or certain riskless principal transactions placed on NASDAQ are typically effected through brokers who charge a commission for their services. Purchases and sales of fixed income securities may be transacted with the issuer, the issuer’s underwriter, or a dealer. The funds do not usually pay brokerage commissions on purchases and sales of fixed income securities, although the price of the securities generally includes compensation, in the form of a spread or a mark-up or mark-down, which is not disclosed separately. The prices the funds pay to underwriters of newly-issued securities usually include a commission paid by the issuer to the underwriter. Transactions placed through dealers who are serving as primary market makers reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices. The money market securities in which certain of the funds invest are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market on a net basis and do not normally involve either brokerage commissions or transfer taxes.
     Brokerage and Research Services. It is Mondrian’s policy to select brokers for fund trades on the basis of “best execution.” As a fiduciary to its advisory clients, Mondrian endeavors to seek best execution for client transactions by executing securities transactions for its clients in such a manner that the client’s net costs or proceeds in each transaction are the most favorable under the circumstances, i.e., by seeking to obtain not necessarily the lowest commission cost, but the best overall qualitative execution.
     In determining which broker offers best execution for a particular transaction, Mondrian maintains a list of approved brokers and Mondrian’s traders consider a number of factors, including: (i) the broker’s effectiveness in executing trades; (ii) the reliability, integrity, confidentiality, promptness, reputation and financial condition of the broker (including the trader’s past execution history with the broker); (iii) the size of the trade, its relative difficulty and the security’s trading characteristics and liquidity; (iv) the quality and breadth of products offered by the broker; and (v) the broker’s willingness to accept Mondrian’s standardized commission rates.
     Mondrian may aggregate client orders for the purpose of purchasing or selling particular securities. The aggregation of orders may provide an overall benefit to Mondrian’s clients by achieving, in aggregate, a relatively better purchase or sale price, lower commission expenses, lower market impact, beneficial timing of transactions, or a combination of such factors. Aggregated trades are allocated automatically among various clients by Mondrian’s investment model which includes “fairness rules” designed to allocate the aggregated trades across individual client accounts in a way that is intended to ensure fair and equitable treatment on average over time for all clients.
     Mondrian may cause a fund to pay a higher commission than otherwise obtainable from other brokers or dealers in

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return for brokerage or research services if Mondrian believes that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided. In addition to agency transactions, Mondrian may receive brokerage and research services in connection with certain riskless principal transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC and other regulatory guidelines. In both instances, these services may include: economic, industry, or company research reports or investment recommendations. Mondrian may use research services furnished by brokers or dealers in servicing all fund accounts, and not all services may necessarily be used in connection with the account that paid commissions or spreads to the broker or dealer providing such services.
     Performance Comparisons. Investors may judge the performance of the funds by comparing them to the performance of other mutual fund portfolios with comparable investment objectives and policies through various mutual fund or market indices such as those prepared by Dow Jones & Co., Inc. and Standard & Poor’s and to data prepared by Lipper, Inc., a widely recognized independent service which monitors the performance of mutual funds. Comparisons may also be made to indices or data published in Money Magazine, Forbes, Barron’s, The Wall Street Journal, Morningstar, Inc., Ibbotson Associates, CDA/Weisenberger, The New York Times, Business Week, U.S.A. Today, Institutional Investor and other periodicals. In addition to performance information, general information about the funds that appears in publications such as those mentioned above may be included in advertisements, sales literature and reports to shareholders. The funds may also include in advertisements and reports to shareholders information discussing the performance of Mondrian in comparison to other investment advisers and to other institutions.
     From time to time, the Trust may include the following types of information in advertisements, supplemental sales literature and reports to shareholders: (1) discussions of general economic or financial principles (such as the effects of inflation, the power of compounding and the benefits of dollar cost averaging); (2) discussions of general economic trends; (3) presentations of statistical data to supplement such discussions; (4) descriptions of past or anticipated portfolio holdings for the funds; (5) descriptions of investment strategies for the funds; (6) descriptions or comparisons of various investment products, which may or may not include the funds; (7) comparisons of investment products (including the funds) with relevant market or industry indices or other appropriate benchmarks; (8) discussions of fund rankings or ratings by recognized rating organizations; and (9) testimonials describing the experience of persons that have invested in a fund. The Trust may also include calculations, such as hypothetical compounding examples, which describe hypothetical investment results in such communications. Such performance examples will be based on an express set of assumptions and are not indicative of the performance of a fund.
     For the fiscal years ended March 31, the funds paid brokerage commissions as follows:
                 
Fund   Time Period   Amount
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 40,243  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 14,202  
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 1,034  
 
  6/17/08* to 3/31/09   $ 3,243  
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 160,493 *
 
  4/1/08* to 3/31/09   $ 63,791  
 
    11/2/07** — 3/31/08     $ 45,153  
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund
  4/1/09 to 3/31/10   $ 0  
 
  4/1/08* to 3/31/09   $ 0  
 
    11/2/07** — 3/31/08     $ 0  
 
  The increase in commissions paid is mainly due to the large increase in the size of the fund, with the small additional impact of increased activity in countries where a higher than average commission is paid.
 
**    Commencement of operations.

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REGULAR BROKER-DEALERS
A fund’s regular broker-dealers during its most recent fiscal year would be: (1) the ten broker-dealers that received the greatest dollar amount of brokerage commissions from a fund; (2) the ten broker-dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions; and (3) the ten broker-dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of a fund’s shares.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, the following fund purchased securities issued by the following regular broker-dealer:
             
        Value of Holdings
    Broker Dealer   as of March 31, 2010
Laudus Mondrian International
Fixed Income Fund
  The Royal Bank of Scotland Group   $ 2,469,913  
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
     The Trust is an open-end series investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust. A copy of the Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”), is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The fiscal year of the Trust ends on March 31. The Trust changed its name to “Barr Rosenberg Series Trust” from “Rosenberg Series Trust” on August 5, 1996. Effective March 30, 2004, the Trust changed its name to the “Laudus Trust.”
     Interests in the Trust’s portfolios are currently represented by shares of 9 series, the Laudus Rosenberg U.S. Discovery Fund, Laudus Rosenberg U.S. Large Capitalization Fund, Laudus Rosenberg International Small Capitalization Fund, Laudus Rosenberg International Discovery Fund, Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund, Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund and Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund issued pursuant to the Declaration of Trust.
     Each of the Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund, Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, and Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund is divided into three classes of shares: Institutional Shares, Select Shares and Investor Shares. As of July 27, 2009, the three share classes of the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund were combined into a single share class and the Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund no longer offered multiple classes of shares.
     As outlined in the funds’ prospectus, each share class has different minimum investments and different expenses.
     Each class of shares of each fund represents interests in the assets of such fund and has identical dividend, liquidation and other rights and the same terms and conditions, except that expenses, if any, related to the distribution and shareholder servicing of a particular class are borne solely by such class, and each class may, at the discretion of the Trustees of the Trust, also pay a different share of other expenses, not including advisory or custodial fees or other expenses related to the management of the Trust’s assets, if these expenses are actually incurred in a different amount by that class, or if the class receives services of a different kind or to a different degree than the other classes. All other expenses are allocated to each class on the basis of the net asset value of that class in relation to the net asset value of the particular fund.
     The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust may, however, be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each series of the Trust or by the vote of the Trustees by written notice to shareholders.
VOTING RIGHTS
     Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote (to the extent provided herein) in the election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters

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submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholders will vote by individual series on all matters except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares shall be voted in the aggregate and not by individual series and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of one or more series, then only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon. Shareholders of one series shall not be entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another series, such matters including, without limitation, the adoption of or change in any fundamental policies or restrictions of the other series and the approval of the investment advisory contracts of the other series.
     Each class of shares of a fund has identical voting rights except that each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class. Each class of shares has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters pertaining to any distribution and shareholder service plan applicable to that class. All classes of shares of a fund will vote together, except with respect to any distribution and shareholder service plan applicable to a class or when a class vote is required as specified above or otherwise by the 1940 Act.
     There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, except that in accordance with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trust’s custodian or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for the purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.
     No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trust’s name or to cure technical problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, liquidate, designate or modify new and existing series, sub-series or classes of shares of any series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to applicable laws or regulations. Trustees may, without approval of the relevant shareholders, amend the Declaration of Trust to combine one or more series or classes of the Trust into a single series or class on such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall determine.
     Shareholders wishing to submit proposals for inclusion in a proxy statement for a future shareholder meeting should send their written submissions to the Trust at P. O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. Proposals must be received a reasonable time in advance of a proxy solicitation to be included. Submission of a proposal does not guarantee inclusion in a proxy statement because proposals must comply with certain federal securities regulations.
PROXY VOTING
     The Trust’s proxy voting policy is attached as an appendix to this Statement of Additional Information. Information regarding how the funds voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available, without charge, on the funds’ website at www.laudus.com/prospectus. It is also available in the funds’ Form N-PX which can be obtained on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
     Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the

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Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of the relevant series for all loss and expense of any shareholder of that series held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is considered remote since it is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the series of which he is or was a shareholder would be unable to meet its obligations.
     The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification by the Trust of the Trustees and the officers of the Trust against liabilities and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust, except if it is determined in the manner specified in the Declaration of Trust that such Trustees are liable to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF A FUND’S SHARES
As of July 19, 2010, William A. Hasler owned more than 1% but less than 5% of the following classes of shares of the following funds: Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund, Select Shares (1.8%). Except as set forth in the previous sentence, each of the officers and trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned of record or beneficially less than 1% of any class of outstanding equity securities of each fund.
The table at Appendix B lists persons or entities that owned, of record or beneficially, more than 5% of the outstanding equity securities of each class of a fund as of July 1, 2010. Those persons who beneficially own more than 25% of a particular class of shares in a particular fund may be deemed to control such class. As a result, it may not be possible for matters subject to a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such fund to be approved without the affirmative vote of such shareholder, and it may be possible for such matters to be approved by such shareholder without the affirmative vote of any other shareholder.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES INFORMATION
     Information regarding the availability of the funds’ portfolio securities can be obtained by calling 1.800.447.3332.
     The disclosure of portfolio securities information to shareholders and other parties, prior to regular public filings, may be authorized only by the Trust’s President upon prior consultation with the funds’ Subadviser and the funds’ Chief Legal Officer. Prior to authorizing the disclosure of portfolio securities, the Trust’s President must determine that: (i) such disclosure is in the best interests of the funds’ shareholders; and (ii) that no conflict exists between the interests of the funds’ shareholders and those of the funds’ Adviser, Subadviser or principal underwriter.
     Portfolio securities information also may be made available on a selective basis to service providers, ratings agencies, consultants and other qualified financial professionals when the President upon prior consultation with the funds’ Subadviser and the funds’ Chief Legal Officer, determines such disclosure meets the requirements for non-selective disclosure and serves a legitimate business purpose. Agreements entered into with a service provider to whom the funds selectively disclose portfolio securities information will generally include the confidentiality provisions customary in such agreements. Although certain of the service providers are not under formal confidentiality obligations in connection with disclosure of portfolio securities information, a fund would not continue to conduct business with a person who the fund believes was misusing the disclosed information. Any third-party who is not a service provider to the funds to whom the funds selectively disclose portfolio securities information will, prior to that disclosure, be required to sign an agreement describing the permitted use of portfolio securities information and providing that: (i) the portfolio securities information will be kept confidential; (ii) the person will not trade on the basis of any material non-public information; and (iii) the

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information will be used only for the purpose described in the agreement. As part of its ongoing review of fund operations, the Board of Trustees will periodically review any agreements that the Trust has entered into to selectively disclose portfolio securities information.
     The funds’ service providers, including, without limitation, the Adviser, Subadviser, distributor, transfer agent, auditor, proxy voting service provider, pricing information vendors, publisher, printer and mailing agent may receive early disclosure of portfolio securities information as frequently as daily in connection with the services they perform for the funds. The names of those persons to whom the funds selectively disclose portfolio securities information will be disclosed in this Statement of Additional Information. CSIM, Mondrian, ISS Governance Services (a division of RiskMetrics Group) and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as service providers to the funds, are currently receiving this information on a daily basis. RR Donnelley, as a service provider to the funds, is currently receiving this information on a quarterly basis. PricewaterhouseCoopers, ALPS and Glass Lewis, as service providers to the funds, receive this information on an as-needed basis. Service providers will be subject to a duty of confidentiality with respect to any portfolio securities information whether imposed by the provisions of the service provider’s contract with the Trust or by the nature of the service provider’s relationship with the Trust. In accordance with the exemptive order issued by the SEC to iShares and procedures approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Trust will promptly notify iShares Funds in writing of any purchase or acquisition of shares of an iShares Fund that causes a fund to hold (i) 5% or more of such iShares Fund’s total outstanding voting securities, and (ii) 10% or more of such iShares Fund’s total outstanding voting securities. In addition, the adviser or Subadviser will, upon causing a fund to acquire more than 3% of an open-end iShares Fund’s outstanding shares, notify the open-end iShares Fund of the investment.
     A complete list of each fund’s portfolio holdings is published on the Laudus website at www.laudus.com/prospectus, under “Analysis & Commentary”, typically 30-40 days after the end of each Laudus Mondrian Fund’s fiscal quarter (which is also a calendar quarter-end). The portfolio holdings information available on the funds’ website is the same that is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-Q or Form N-CSR. The funds provide on the website quarterly information regarding certain attributes of a fund’s portfolio, such as a fund’s top ten holdings, sector weightings, composition, credit quality and duration and maturity, as applicable. This information is generally updated within 20-30 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. The information on the website is publicly available to all categories of persons.
     Each fund’s top ten holdings list is posted on Schwab.com monthly, typically with a 10-day lag. In addition to the top ten holdings information, the funds also provide monthly information regarding certain attributes of a fund’s portfolio, such as sector weightings, composition, credit quality, duration and maturity, as applicable. This information is available publically to all persons under “Research & Strategies” on Schwab.com.
     The funds may disclose non-material information including commentary and aggregate information about the characteristics of a fund in connection with or relating to a fund or its portfolio securities to any person if such disclosure is for a legitimate business purpose, such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio securities of any fund (which can only be disclosed in accordance with the above requirements), and such information does not constitute material non-public information. Such disclosure does not fall within the portfolio securities disclosure requirements outlined above.
     Whether the information constitutes material non-public information will be made on a good faith determination, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. In most cases commentary or analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making a decision concerning a fund. Commentary and analysis includes, but is not limited to, the allocation of a fund’s portfolio securities and other investments among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries, the characteristics of the stock components and other investments of a fund, the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry and country, and the volatility characteristics of a fund.
     Neither the funds nor the funds’ Adviser or Subadviser may receive compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities.

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
     Each business day, each fund calculates its share price, or NAV, as of the close of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). This means that NAVs are calculated using the values of each fund’s portfolio securities as of the close of the NYSE. Such values are required to be determined in one of two ways: securities for which market quotations are readily available are required to be valued at current market value; and securities for which market quotations are not readily available or the adviser deems them to be unreliable are required to be valued at fair value using procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. Each fund uses approved pricing services to provide values for its portfolio securities. Current market values are generally determined by the approved pricing services as follows: securities traded on stock exchanges are valued at the last-quoted sales price on the exchange on which such securities are primarily traded (closing values), or, lacking any sales, at the mean between the bid and ask prices; securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at the last sales price that day, or, if there are no sales that day, at the mean between the bid and ask prices. In addition, securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges with these values then translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate. Fixed income securities normally are valued based on valuations provided by approved pricing services. Securities may be fair valued pursuant to procedures approved by the funds’ Board of Trustees when approved pricing services do not provide a value for a security, a furnished price appears manifestly incorrect or events occur prior to the close of the NYSE that materially affect the furnished price. The Board of Trustees regularly reviews fair value determinations made by the funds pursuant to the procedures.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
     The funds are open each day that the NYSE is open. The NYSE’s trading session is normally conducted from 9:30 a.m. Eastern time until 4:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday, although some days, such as in advance of and following holidays, the NYSE’s trading session closes early. The following holiday closings are currently scheduled for 2010: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr.’s Birthday, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The procedures for purchasing shares of each of the funds and for determining the offering price of such shares are described in the Prospectus. The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which the Trust is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash for any shareholder during any 90-day period up to the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the total net asset value of the Trust at the beginning of such period. The procedures for redeeming shares of each of the funds are described in the Prospectus.
     As described in the Prospectus, the Trust reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject purchase orders for shares of a fund. As a general matter, the Trust expects that it will not accept purchase orders when the purchase price is to be paid by cash (in the form of actual currency), third party checks, checks payable in foreign currency, credit card convenience checks or traveler’s checks.
     The funds have authorized one or more brokers to accept on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers have also been authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the funds’ behalf. The funds will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives such order. Such orders will be priced at the respective fund’s net asset value per share next determined after such orders are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
     The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and financial statements of the funds in the Trust’s Annual Report for the period ended March 31, 2010 (the “Annual Report”) are incorporated herein by reference to such Annual Report. Copies of such Annual Report are available without charge upon request by writing to Laudus Trust,

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P. O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266 or telephoning 1.888.352.8387 or visiting the funds’ website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
     The financial statements incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, and have been so included and incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of said firm, which report is given upon their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

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APPENDIX A — RATINGS OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
From time to time, the fund may report the percentage of its assets that fall into the rating categories set forth below.
BONDS
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long term risk appear somewhat larger than the Aaa securities.
A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
Baa Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA Debt rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA Debt rated ‘AA’ has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated debt only in small degree.
A Debt rated ‘A’ has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although it is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.
BBB Debt rated ‘BBB’ is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

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SPECULATIVE GRADE
Debt rated ‘BB’ and ‘B’ is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
BB Debt rated ‘BB’ has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative grade debt. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The ‘BB’ rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied ‘BBB-’ rating.
B Debt rate ‘B’ has greater vulnerability to default but presently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions would likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The ‘B’ rating category also is used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied ‘BB’ or ‘BB-’ rating.
FITCH, INC.
INVESTMENT GRADE BOND
     
AAA
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
 
AA
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated ‘AAA’. Because bonds rated in the ‘AAA’ and ‘AA’ categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short term debt of these issuers is generally rated ‘F1+’.
 
A
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.
 
BBB
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.
SPECULATIVE GRADE BOND
     
BB
  Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.
 
B
  Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
DOMINION BOND RATING SERVICE

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Bond and Long Term Debt Rating Scale
As is the case with all DBRS rating scales, long term debt ratings are meant to give an indication of the risk that the borrower will not fulfill its full obligations in a timely manner with respect to both interest and principal commitments. DBRS ratings do not take factors such as pricing or market risk into consideration and are expected to be used by purchasers as one part of their investment process. Every DBRS rating is based on quantitative and qualitative considerations that are relevant for the borrowing entity.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality
AA: Superior Credit Quality
A: Satisfactory Credit Quality
BBB: Adequate Credit Quality
BB: Speculative
B: Highly Speculative
CCC: Very Highly Speculative
CC: Very Highly Speculative
C: Very Highly Speculative
“AAA” Bonds rated “AAA” are of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present which would detract from the performance of the entity, the strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a creditable track record of superior performance. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has established for this category, few entities are able to achieve a AAA rating.
“AA” Bonds rated “AA” are of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases, they differ from bonds rated AAA only to a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has for the AAA category (which few companies are able to achieve), entities rated AA are also considered to be strong credits which typically exemplify above-average strength in key areas of consideration and are unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
“A” Bonds rated “A” are of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than with AA rated entities. While a respectable rating, entities in the “A” category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher rated companies.
“BBB” Bonds rated “BBB” are of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered adequate, but the entity is more susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adversities present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.
“BB” Bonds rated “BB” are defined to be speculative, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the BB area typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support and, in many cases, small size or lack of competitive strength may be additional negative considerations.
“B” Bonds rated “B” are highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty which exists as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.

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“CCC” / “CC” / “C” Bonds rated in any of these categories are very highly speculative and are in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than bonds rated “B”. Bonds rated below “B” often have characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between the “C” to “CCC” categories, with “CC” and “C” normally used to lower ranking debt of companies where the senior debt is rated in the “CCC” to “B” range.
“D” This category indicates Bonds in default of either interest or principal.
(“HIGH”, “LOW”) grades are used to indicate the relative standing of a credit within a particular rating category. The lack of one of these designations indicates a rating which is essentially in the middle of the category. Note that “high” and “low” grades are not used for the AAA category.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM DEBT RATING SCALE
Dominion Bond Rating Service
As is the case with all DBRS rating scales, commercial paper ratings are meant to give an indication of the risk that the borrower will not fulfill its obligations in a timely manner. DBRS ratings do not take factors such as pricing or market risk into consideration and are expected to be used by purchasers as one part of their investment process. Every DBRS rating is based on quantitative and qualitative considerations which are relevant for the borrowing entity.
R-1: Prime Credit Quality
R-2: Adequate Credit Quality
R-3: Speculative
All three DBRS rating categories for short term debt use “high”, “middle” or “low” as subset grades to designate the relative standing of the credit within a particular rating category. The following comments provide separate definitions for the three grades in the Prime Credit Quality area, as this is where ratings for active borrowers in Canada continue to be heavily concentrated.
“R-1 (HIGH)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity which possesses unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels and profitability which is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an “R-1 (high)” rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has established for an “R-1 (high)”, few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.
“R-1 (MIDDLE)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from “R-1 (high)” credits to only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has for the “R-1 (high)” category (which few companies are able to achieve), entities rated “R-1 (middle)” are also considered strong credits which typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for debt protection.
“R-1 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt and profitability ratios is not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors which exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.
“R-2 (HIGH)”, “R-2 (MIDDLE)”, “R-2 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-2” is of adequate credit quality and within the

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three subset grades, debt protection ranges from having reasonable ability for timely repayment to a level which is considered only just adequate. The liquidity and debt ratios of entities in the “R-2” classification are not as strong as those in the “R-1” category, and the past and future trend may suggest some risk of maintaining the strength of key ratios in these areas. Alternative sources of liquidity support are considered satisfactory; however, even the strongest liquidity support will not improve the commercial paper rating of the issuer. The size of the entity may restrict its flexibility, and its relative position in the industry is not typically as strong as an “R-1 credit”. Profitability trends, past and future, may be less favorable, earnings not as stable, and there are often negative qualifying factors present which could also make the entity more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
“R-3 (HIGH)”, “R-3 (MIDDLE)”, “R-3 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-3” is speculative, and within the three subset grades, the capacity for timely payment ranges from mildly speculative to doubtful. “R-3” credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with “R-3” ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.
SHORT TERM NOTES AND VARIABLE RATE DEMAND OBLIGATIONS
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Short term notes/variable rate demand obligations bearing the designations MIG-1/VMIG-1 are considered to be of the best quality, enjoying strong protection from established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. Obligations rated MIG-2/VMIG-3 are of high quality and enjoy ample margins of protection although not as large as those of the top rated securities.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION
An S&P SP-1 rating indicates that the subject securities’ issuer has a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Issues determined to possess very strong safety characteristics are given a plus (+) designation. S&P’s determination that an issuer has a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest is denoted by an SP-2 rating.
FITCH, INC.
Obligations supported by the highest capacity for timely repayment are rated F1+. An F1 rating indicates that the obligation is supported by a very strong capacity for timely repayment. Obligations rated F2 are supported by a good capacity for timely repayment, although adverse changes in business, economic, or financial conditions may affect this capacity.
COMMERCIAL PAPER
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody’s. Issuers (or related supporting institutions) of commercial paper with this rating are considered to have a superior ability to repay short term promissory obligations. Issuers (or related supporting institutions) of securities rated Prime-2 are viewed as having a strong capacity to repay short term promissory obligations. This capacity will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics of issuers whose commercial paper is rated Prime-1 but to a lesser degree.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION

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A Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) A-1 commercial paper rating indicates a strong degree of safety regarding timely payment of principal and interest. Issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted A-1+. Capacity for timely payment on commercial paper rated A-2 is satisfactory, but the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
FITCH, INC.
F1+ is the highest category, and indicates the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. Issues rated F1 reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less than issues rated F1+. Issues assigned an F2 rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues in the first two rating categories.

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APPENDIX B — OWNERS OF 5% OF SHARES OF A FUND
                 
Fund   Customer Name   Address   Percent owned
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund — Investor Shares
  NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES LLC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF OUR
CUSTOMERS
  200 LIBERTY ST
ONE WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER
NEW YORK NY 10281-1003
    43.49 %
 
               
 
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    27.26 %
 
               
 
  OPPENHEIMER & CO INC
FBO FRED B DEVITT III SUCC TTEE
C DALE SCHWANT REV TRUST
  30 SE 4TH AVE0
DELRAY BEACH FL 33483-4514
    11.46 %
 
               
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund — Select Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    100.00 %
 
               
 
  CHARLES SCHWAB TRUST CO TTEE
HELLMAN & FRIEDMAN PS & 401K
  NEW YORK NY     73.09% (1)
 
               
 
  JAMES F BRECKER JR
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC.CUST IRA CONTRIBUTORY
  200 W. LANCASTER AVE., WAYNE, PA     13.02% (1)
 
               
 
  N FRIEDLAND & J FLORCZAK TTEE
NANCY E FRIEDLAND REVOCABLE TR
  SAINT LOUIS MO     10.80% (1)
 
               
Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund — Instl Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    71.22 %
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2030 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    12.72% (1)
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2040 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    12.32% (1)
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2020 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    8.63% (1)
 
               
 
  GREATER TEXAS FOUNDATION   BRYAN, TX     8.55% (1)
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund — Investor Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC   101 MONTGOMERY ST     80.18 %

 


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Fund   Customer Name   Address   Percent owned
 
  FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151        
 
               
 
  STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO
ROTH CONVERTED IRA
ALFRED J FRANCFORT JR
  HARRISONBURG VA     19.82% (1)
 
               
 
  MANUEL ELFONSO CARVALLO &
VERONICA GONZALEZ JT TEN
  ALPHARETTA, GA     16.33% (1)
 
               
 
  PHILIP FRANCUS CUST FOR
RACHEL FRANCUS UNYUTMA
  WOODHAVEN, NY     8.58% (1)
 
               
 
  DOTTIE M ROBERTSON   BEND, OR     7.79% (1)
 
               
 
  AMO CLEARING OMNIBUS ACCT
FBO SCOTTRADE DTCC #0705
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-4151
    7.64% (1)
 
               
 
  ALAN EDWARD KENNEDY SR TTEE THE ALAN EDWARD KENNEDY SR. RE   CLARKSTON, MI     5.07% (1)
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund — Select Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    100.00 %
 
               
 
  P REGAN & K REGAN TTEE
PATRICK R REGAN REVOCABLE TRUST
  MINNEAPOLIS, MN     74.01% (1)
 
               
 
  DANIEL KEITH BERMAN &
REIKO B SHINGU JT TEN
  BETHESDA, MD     25.36% (1)
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund — Instl Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    100.00 %
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund — Investor Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    71.73 %
 
               
 
  MITRA & CO FBO 4B C/O M&I TRUST CO NA — ATTN: MF   11270 WEST PARK PLACE — STE 400 MILWAUKEE WI 53224-3638     8.12 %
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund — Select Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    67.84 %
 
               
 
  STRAFE & CO   PO BOX 6924     26.96 %

 


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Fund   Customer Name   Address   Percent owned
 
  THE KETTERING FUND   NEWARK DE 19714-6924        
 
               
 
  NATIONAL FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR
THE EXCLUSIVE BENEFIT OF OUR
CUST
  200 LIBERTY ST
ONE WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER
NEW YORK NY 10281-1003
    5.20 %
 
               
Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund — Instl Shares
  VALLEE & CO FBO 4B
C/O M&I TRUST COMPANY NA
  11270 W PARK PL STE 400
PPW-04-WM
MILWAUKEE WI 53224-3638
    61.07 %
 
               
 
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    28.65 %
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2030 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    8.04% (1)
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2040 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    7.94% (1)
 
               
 
  SCHWAB TARGET 2020 FUND   211 MAIN STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122
    5.33% (1)
 
               
Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund — Instl Shares
  CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF
OUR CUSTOMERS
  101 MONTGOMERY ST
SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151
    67.26 %
 
               
 
  WELLS FARGO BANK, NA FBO
OMNIBUS ACCOUNT CASH/CASH
  PO BOX 1533
MINNEAPOLIS MN 55480-1533
    18.88 %
 
(1)   These shares are held within the Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. account listed elsewhere in this table. The shares held by the Charles Schwab Trust Company are held for the benefit of its customers.

 


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APPENDIX C — DESCRIPTION OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
The Charles Schwab Family of Funds
Schwab Investments
Schwab Capital Trust
Schwab Annuity Portfolios
Laudus Trust
Laudus Institutional Trust
Schwab Strategic Trust
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures
As of February 2010
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (“CSIM”), as an investment adviser, is generally responsible for voting proxies with respect to the securities held in accounts of investment companies and other clients for which it provides discretionary investment management services. CSIM’s Proxy Committee exercises and documents CSIM’s responsibility with regard to voting of client proxies (the “Proxy Committee”). The Proxy Committee is composed of representatives of CSIM’s Fund Administration, Legal, and Portfolio Management Departments, and chaired by CSIM’s Deputy Chief Investment Officer. The Proxy Committee reviews and, as necessary, may amend periodically these Procedures to address new or revised proxy voting policies or procedures. The policies stated in these Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the “CSIM Proxy Procedures”) pertain to all of CSIM’s clients.
The Boards of Trustees (the “Trustees”) of The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, and Schwab Annuity Portfolios ( “Schwab Funds”) have delegated the responsibility for voting proxies to CSIM through their respective Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements. In addition, the Boards of Trustees (the “Trustees”) of Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (“Laudus Funds”) and the Schwab Strategic Trust (“Schwab ETFs”; collectively, the Schwab Funds, the Laudus Funds and the Schwab ETFs are the “Funds”) have delegated the responsibility for voting proxies to CSIM through their respective Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements. The Trustees have adopted these Proxy Procedures with respect to proxies voted on behalf of the various Schwab Funds, Laudus Funds, and Schwab ETFs portfolios. CSIM will present amendments to the Trustees for approval. However, there may be circumstances where the Proxy Committee deems it advisable to amend the Proxy Procedures between regular Schwab Funds, Laudus Funds and Schwab ETFs Board meetings. In such cases, the Trustees will be asked to ratify any changes at the next regular meeting of the Board.
To assist CSIM in its responsibility for voting proxies and the overall proxy voting process, CSIM has retained Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”) as an expert in the proxy voting and corporate governance area. The services provided by Glass Lewis include in-depth research, global issuer analysis, and voting recommendations as well as vote execution, reporting and record keeping.

 


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Proxy Voting Policy
For investment companies and other clients for which CSIM exercises its responsibility for voting proxies, it is CSIM’s policy to vote proxies in the manner that CSIM and the Proxy Committee determine will maximize the economic benefit to CSIM’s clients. In furtherance of this policy, the Proxy Committee has received and reviewed Glass Lewis’ written proxy voting policies and procedures (“Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures”) and has determined that Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures, with the exceptions noted below, are consistent with the CSIM Proxy Procedures and CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients. The Proxy Committee will review any material amendments to Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures to determine whether such procedures continue to be consistent with the CSIM Proxy Voting Procedures, and CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients.
Except under each of the circumstances described below, the Proxy Committee will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting proxies, including timely submission of votes, on behalf of CSIM’s clients in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
For proxy issues, that are determined by the Proxy Committee or the applicable portfolio manager or other relevant portfolio management staff to raise significant concerns with respect to the accounts of CSIM clients, the Proxy Committee will review the analysis and recommendation of Glass Lewis. Examples of factors that could cause a matter to raise significant concerns include, but are not limited to: issues whose outcome has the potential to materially affect the company’s industry, or regional or national economy, and matters which involve broad public policy developments which may similarly materially affect the environment in which the company operates. The Proxy Committee also will solicit input from the assigned portfolio manager and other relevant portfolio management staff for the particular portfolio security. After evaluating all such recommendations, the Proxy Committee will decide how to vote the shares and will instruct Glass Lewis to vote consistent with its decision. The Proxy Committee has the ultimate responsibility for making the determination of how to vote the shares in order to maximize the value of that particular holding.
With respect to proxies of an affiliated mutual fund, the Proxy Committee will vote such proxies in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the fund (i.e., “echo vote”), unless otherwise required by law. When required by law, the Proxy Committee will also “echo vote” proxies of an unaffiliated mutual fund. For example, certain exemptive orders issued to the Schwab Funds by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, require the Schwab Funds, under certain circumstances, to “echo vote” proxies of registered investment companies that serve as underlying investments of the Schwab Funds. When not required to “echo vote,” the Proxy Committee will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting proxies of an unaffiliated mutual fund in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
In addition, with respect to holdings of The Charles Schwab Corporation (“CSC”) (ticker symbol: SCHW), the Proxy Committee will vote such proxies in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the fund (i.e., “echo vote”), unless otherwise required by law.

 


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Exceptions from Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures: The Proxy Committee has reviewed the particular policies set forth in Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures and has determined that the implementation of custom policies in the following is consistent with CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients:
    Independent Chairman: With respect to shareholder proposals requiring that a company chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote against such proposals unless the company does not meet the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold, as calculated below. In cases where a company fails to meet the threshold, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote the shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures. Additionally, with respect to the election of a director who serves as the governance committee chair (or, in the absence of a governance committee, the chair of the nominating committee), the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote for the director in cases where the company chairman’s position is not filled by an independent director and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.
 
    Classified Boards: With respect to shareholder proposals declassifying a staggered board in favor of the annual election of directors, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote against such proposals unless the company does not meet the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold, as calculated below. In cases where a company fails to meet the threshold, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote the shareholder proposals declassifying a staggered board in favor of the annual election of directors in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
Glass Lewis uses a three-year total return performance methodology to calculate the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold. For Russell 3000 Index constituents, if a company’s total annual shareholder return is in the bottom 25% of Russell 3000 constituent companies’ total annual shareholder returns for three consecutive years, the company will be deemed not to have met the threshold. For companies not in the Russell 3000 Index, the universe of companies used for the minimum total shareholder return threshold calculation is all Glass Lewis covered companies outside of the Russell 3000 Index.
There may be circumstances in which Glass Lewis does not provide an analysis or recommendation for voting a security’s proxy. In that event, and when the criteria set forth below are met, two members of the Proxy Committee, including at least one representative from equity Portfolio Management, may decide how to vote such proxy in order to maximize the value of that particular holding. The following criteria must be met: (1) For each Fund that holds the security in its portfolio, the value of the security must represent less than one tenth of one cent in the Fund’s NAV, and (2) the security’s value must equal less than $50,000 in the aggregate across all of the Funds and separate accounts that hold this security. Any voting decision made under these circumstances will be reported to the Proxy Committee at its next scheduled meeting. If the criteria are not met, the Proxy Committee may meet to decide how to vote such proxy.

 


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Conflicts of Interest. Except as described above for proxies of mutual funds, CSC and exceptions to Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures, where proxy issues present material conflicts of interest between CSIM, and/or any of its affiliates, and CSIM’s clients, CSIM will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting such proxies in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures,. The CSIM Legal Department is responsible for developing procedures to identify material conflicts of interest.
Voting Foreign Proxies. CSIM has arrangements with Glass Lewis for voting proxies. However, voting proxies with respect to shares of foreign securities may involve significantly greater effort and corresponding cost than voting proxies with respect to domestic securities, due to the variety of regulatory schemes and corporate practices in foreign countries with respect to proxy voting. Problems voting foreign proxies may include the following:
    proxy statements and ballots written in a foreign language;
 
    untimely and/or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings;
 
    restrictions of foreigner’s ability to exercise votes;
 
    requirements to vote proxies in person;
 
    requirements to provide local agents with power of attorney to facilitate CSIM’s voting instructions.
In consideration of the foregoing issues, Glass Lewis uses its best-efforts to vote foreign proxies. As part of its ongoing oversight, the Proxy Committee will monitor the voting of foreign proxies to determine whether all reasonable steps are taken to vote foreign proxies. If the Proxy Committee determines that the cost associated with the attempt to vote outweighs the potential benefits clients may derive from voting, the Proxy Committee may decide not to attempt to vote. In addition, certain foreign countries impose restrictions on the sale of securities for a period of time in proximity to the shareholder meeting. To avoid these trading restrictions, the Proxy Committee instructs Glass Lewis not to vote such foreign proxies.
Securities Lending Programs. Certain of the Funds enter into securities lending arrangements with lending agents to generate additional revenue for their portfolios. In securities lending arrangements, any voting rights that accompany the loaned securities generally pass to the borrower of the securities, but the lender retains the right to recall a security and may then exercise the security’s voting rights. In order to vote the proxies of securities out on loan, the securities must be recalled prior to the established record date. CSIM will use its best efforts to recall a Fund’s securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies if (a) the proxy relates to a special meeting of shareholders of the issuer (as opposed to the issuer’s annual meeting of shareholders), or (b) the Fund owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the issuer. Further, it is CSIM’s policy to use its best efforts to recall securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies if CSIM determines that the proxies involve a material event affecting the loaned securities. CSIM may utilize third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating whether an event is material. CSIM may also recall securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies in its discretion.

 


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Sub-Advisory Relationships. For investment companies or other clients that CSIM has delegated day-to-day investment management responsibilities to an investment adviser, CSIM may delegate its responsibility to vote proxies with respect to such investment companies’ or other clients’ securities. Each Sub-adviser to whom proxy voting responsibility has been delegated will be required to review all proxy solicitation material and to exercise the voting rights associated with the securities as it has been allocated in the best interest of each investment company and its shareholders, or other client. Prior to delegating the proxy voting responsibility, CSIM will review each sub-adviser’s proxy voting policy to ensure that each Sub-adviser’s proxy voting policy is generally consistent with the maximization of economic benefits to the investment company or other client.
Reporting and Record Retention
CSIM will maintain, or cause Glass Lewis to maintain, records that identify the manner in which proxies have been voted (or not voted) on behalf of CSIM clients. CSIM will comply with all applicable rules and regulations regarding disclosure of its or its clients proxy voting records and procedures.
CSIM will retain all proxy voting materials and supporting documentation as required under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 


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(GRAPHIC)
Proxy Paper Guidelines 2010 Proxy Season
United States
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GLASS LEWIS APPROACH TO PROXY ADVICE
GLASS LEWIS & Co

 


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I. A Board of Directors That
Serves the Interests of Shareholders
ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The purpose of Glass Lewis’ proxy research and advice is to facilitate shareholder voting in favor of governance structures that will drive performance, create shareholder value and maintain a proper tone at the top. Glass Lewis looks for talented boards with a record of protecting shareholders and delivering value over the medium- and long-term. We believe that boards working to protect and enhance the best interests of shareholders are independent, have directors with diverse backgrounds, have a record of positive performance, and have members with a breadth and depth of relevant experience.
Independence
The independence of directors, or lack thereof, is ultimately demonstrated through the decisions they make. In assessing the independence of directors, we will take into consideration, when appropriate, whether a director has a track record indicative of making objective decisions. Likewise, when assessing the independence of directors we will also examine when a director’s service track record on multiple boards indicates a lack of objective decision-making. Ultimately, we believe the determination of whether a director is independent or not must take into consideration both compliance with the applicable independence listing requirements as well as judgments made by the director.
We look at each director nominee to examine the director’s relationships with the company, the company’s executives, and other directors. We do this to evaluate whether personal, familial, or financial relationships (not including director compensation) may impact the director’s decisions. We believe that such relationships make it difficult for a director to put shareholders’ interests above the director’s or the related party’s interests. We also believe that a director who owns more than 20% of a company can exert disproportionate influence on the board and, in particular, the audit committee.
Thus, we put directors into three categories based on an examination of the type of relationship they have with the company:
Independent Director — An independent director has no material financial, familial or other current relationships with the company, its executives, or other board members, except for board service and standard fees paid for that service. Relationships that existed within three to five years1 before the inquiry are usually considered “current” for purposes of this test.
In our view, a director who is currently serving in an interim management position should be considered an insider, while a director who previously served in an interim management position for less than one year and is no longer serving in such capacity is considered independent. Moreover, a director who previously served in an interim management position for over one year and is no longer serving in such capacity is considered an affiliate for five years following the date of his/her resignation or departure from the interim management position. Glass Lewis applies a
 
1   NASDAQ originally proposed a five-year look-back period but both it and the NYSE ultimately settled on a three-year look-back prior to finalizing their rules. A five-year standard is more appropriate, in our view, because we believe that the unwinding of conflicting relationships between former management and board members is more likely to be complete and final after five years. However, Glass Lewis does not apply the five-year look back period to directors who have previously served as executives of the company on an interim basis for less than one year.

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three-year look back period to all directors who have an affiliation with the company other than former employment, for which we apply a five-year look back.
Affiliated Director — An affiliated director has a material financial, familial or other relationship with the company or its executives, but is not an employee of the company.2 This includes directors whose employers have a material financial relationship with the company.3 In addition, we view a director who owns or controls 20% or more of the company’s voting stock as an affiliate.
We view 20% shareholders as affiliates because they typically have access to and involvement with the management of a company that is fundamentally different from that of ordinary shareholders. More importantly, 20% holders may have interests that diverge from those of ordinary holders, for reasons such as the liquidity (or lack thereof) of their holdings, personal tax issues, etc.
Inside Director — An inside director simultaneously serves as a director and as an employee of the company. This category may include a chairman of the board who acts as an employee of the company or is paid as an employee of the company. In our view, an inside director who derives a greater amount of income as a result of affiliated transactions with the company rather than through compensation paid by the company (i.e., salary, bonus, etc. as a company employee) faces a conflict between making decisions that are in the best interests of the company versus those in the director’s own best interests. Therefore, we will recommend voting against such a director.
Definition of “Material”: A material relationship is one in which the dollar value exceeds: (i) $50,000 (or where no amount is disclosed) for directors who are paid for a service they have agreed to perform for the company, outside of their service as a director, including professional or other services; or (ii) $120,000 (or where no amount is disclosed) for those directors employed by a professional services firm such as a law firm, investment bank, or consulting firm where the company pays the firm, not the individual, for services. This dollar limit would also apply to charitable contributions to schools where a board member is a professor; or charities where a director serves on the board or is an executive;4 and any aircraft and real estate dealings between the company and the director’s firm; or (iii) 1% of either company’s consolidated gross revenue for other business relationships (e.g., where the director is an executive officer of a company that provides services or products to or receives services or products from the company).
Definition of “Familial”: Familial relationships include a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces, nephews, in-laws, and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares such person’s home. A director is an affiliate if the director has a family member who is employed by the company and who receives compensation of $120,000 or more per year or the compensation is not disclosed.
Definition of “Company”: A company includes any parent or subsidiary in a group with the company or any entity that merged with, was acquired by, or acquired the company.
 
2   If a company classifies one of its non-employee directors as non-independent, Glass Lewis will classify that director as an affiliate.
 
3   We allow a five-year grace period for former executives of the company or merged companies who have consulting agreements with the surviving company. (We do not automatically recommend voting against directors in such cases for the first five years.) If the consulting agreement persists after this five-year grace period, we apply the materiality thresholds outlined in the definition of “material.”
 
4   We will generally take into consideration the size and nature of such charitable entities in relation to the company’s size and industry along with any other relevant factors such as the director’s role at the charity.

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     Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Board Independence
Glass Lewis believes a board will be most effective in protecting shareholders’ interests if it is at least two-thirds independent. We note that each of the Business Roundtable, the Conference Board, and the Council of Institutional Investors advocates that two-thirds of the board be independent. Where more than one-third of the members are affiliated or inside directors, we typically5 recommend voting against some of the inside and/or affiliated directors in order to satisfy the two-thirds threshold.6
In the case of a less than two-thirds independent board, Glass Lewis strongly supports the existence of a presiding or lead director with authority to set the meeting agendas and to lead sessions outside the insider chairman’s presence.
In addition, we scrutinize avowedly “independent” chairmen and lead directors. We believe that they should be unquestionably independent or the company should not tout them as such.
     Committee Independence
We believe that only independent directors should serve on a company’s audit, compensation, nominating, and governance committees.7 We typically recommend that shareholders vote against any affiliated or inside director seeking appointment to an audit, compensation, nominating, or governance committee, or who has served in that capacity in the past year.
     Independent Chairman
Glass Lewis believes that separating the roles of CEO (or, more rarely, another executive position) and chairman creates a better governance structure than a combined CEO/chairman position. An executive manages the business according to a course the board charts. Executives should report to the board regarding their performance in achieving goals the board set. This is needlessly complicated when a CEO chairs the board, since a CEO/chairman presumably will have a significant influence over the board.
It can become difficult for a board to fulfill its role of overseer and policy setter when a CEO/chairman controls the agenda and the boardroom discussion. Such control can allow a CEO to have an entrenched position, leading to longer-than-optimal terms, fewer checks on management, less scrutiny of the business operation, and limitations on independent, shareholder-focused goal-setting by the board.
A CEO should set the strategic course for the company, with the board’s approval, and the board should enable the CEO to carry out the CEO’s vision for accomplishing the board’s objectives. Failure to achieve the board’s objectives should lead the board to replace that CEO with someone in whom the board has confidence.
 
5   With a staggered board, if the affiliates or insiders that we believe should not be on the board are not up for election, we will express our concern regarding those directors, but we will not recommend voting against the affiliates or insiders who are up for election just to achieve two-thirds independence.
 
6   Where a director serves on a board as a representative (as part of his or her basic responsibilities) of an investment firm with greater than 20% ownership, we will generally consider him/her to be affiliated but will not recommend voting against unless (i) the investment firm has disproportionate board representation or (ii) the director serves on the audit committee.
 
7   We will recommend voting against an audit committee member who owns 20% or more of the company’s stock, and we believe that there should be a maximum of one director (or no directors if the committee is comprised of less than three directors) who owns 20% or more of the company’s stock on the compensation, nominating, and governance committees.

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Likewise, an independent chairman can better oversee executives and set a pro-shareholder agenda without the management conflicts that a CEO and other executive insiders often face. Such oversight and concern for shareholders allows for a more proactive and effective board of directors that is better able to look out for the interests of shareholders.
Further, it is the board’s responsibility to select a chief executive who can best serve a company and its shareholders and to replace this person when his or her duties have not been appropriately fulfilled. Such a replacement becomes more difficult and happens less frequently when the chief executive is also in the position of overseeing the board.
We recognize that empirical evidence regarding the separation of these two roles remains inconclusive. However, Glass Lewis believes that the installation of an independent chairman is almost always a positive step from a corporate governance perspective and promotes the best interests of shareholders. Further, the presence of an independent chairman fosters the creation of a thoughtful and dynamic board, not dominated by the views of senior management.
We do not recommend that shareholders vote against CEOs who chair the board. However, we typically encourage our clients to support separating the roles of chairman and CEO whenever that question is posed in a proxy (typically in the form of a shareholder proposal), as we believe that it is in the long-term best interests of the company and its shareholders.
Performance
The most crucial test of a board’s commitment to the company and its shareholders lies in the actions of the board and its members. We look at the performance of these individuals as directors and executives of the company and of other companies where they have served.
     Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Performance
We disfavor directors who have a record of not fulfilling their responsibilities to shareholders at any company where they have held a board or executive position. We typically recommend voting against:
1. A director who fails to attend a minimum of 75% of the board meetings or 75% of the total of applicable committee meetings and board meetings.8
2. A director who belatedly filed a significant form(s) 4 or 5, or who has a pattern of late filings if the late filing was the director’s fault (we look at these late filing situations on a case-by-case basis).
3. A director who is also the CEO of a company where a serious and material restatement has occurred after the CEO had previously certified the pre-restatement financial statements.
4. A director who has received two against recommendations from Glass Lewis for identical reasons within the prior year at different companies (the same situation must also apply at the company being analyzed).
5. All directors who served on the board if, for the last three years, the company’s performance has been in the bottom quartile of the sector and the directors have not taken reasonable steps to address the poor performance.
 
8   However, where a director has served for less than one full year, we will typically not recommend voting against for failure to attend 75% of meetings. Rather, we will note the poor attendance with a recommendation to track this issue going forward. We will also refrain from recommending to vote against directors when the proxy discloses that the director missed the meetings due to serious illness or other extenuating circumstances.

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     Audit Committees and Performance
Audit committees play an integral role in overseeing the financial reporting process because “[v]ibrant and stable capital markets depend on, among other things, reliable, transparent, and objective financial information to support an efficient and effective capital market process. The vital oversight role audit committees play in the process of producing financial information has never been more important.”9
When assessing an audit committee’s performance, we are aware that an audit committee does not prepare financial statements, is not responsible for making the key judgments and assumptions that affect the financial statements, and does not audit the numbers or the disclosures provided to investors. Rather, an audit committee member monitors and oversees the process and procedures that management and auditors perform. The 1999 Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees stated it best:
A proper and well-functioning system exists, therefore, when the three main groups responsible for financial reporting — the full board including the audit committee, financial management including the internal auditors, and the outside auditors — form a ‘three legged stool’ that supports responsible financial disclosure and active participatory oversight. However, in the view of the Committee, the audit committee must be ‘first among equals’ in this process, since the audit committee is an extension of the full board and hence the ultimate monitor of the process.
     Standards for Assessing the Audit Committee
For an audit committee to function effectively on investors’ behalf, it must include members with sufficient knowledge to diligently carry out their responsibilities. In its audit and accounting recommendations, the Conference Board Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise said “members of the audit committee must be independent and have both knowledge and experience in auditing financial matters.”10
We are skeptical of audit committees where there are members that lack expertise as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or corporate controller or similar experience. While we will not necessarily vote against members of an audit committee when such expertise is lacking, we are more likely to vote against committee members when a problem such as a restatement occurs and such expertise is lacking.
Glass Lewis generally assesses audit committees against the decisions they make with respect to their oversight and monitoring role. The quality and integrity of the financial statements and earnings reports, the completeness of disclosures necessary for investors to make informed decisions, and the effectiveness of the internal controls should provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are materially free from errors. The independence of the external auditors and the results of their work all provide useful information by which to assess the audit committee.
 
9   Audit Committee Effectiveness — What Works Best.” PricewaterhouseCoopers. The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation. 2005.
 
10   Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise. The Conference Board. 2003.

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When assessing the decisions and actions of the audit committee, we typically defer to its judgment and would vote in favor of its members, but we would recommend voting against the following members under the following circumstances:11
1. All members of the audit committee when options were backdated, there is a lack of adequate controls in place, there was a resulting restatement, and disclosures indicate there was a lack of documentation with respect to the option grants.
2. The audit committee chair, if the audit committee does not have a financial expert or the committee’s financial expert does not have a demonstrable financial background sufficient to understand the financial issues unique to public companies.
3. The audit committee chair, if the audit committee did not meet at least 4 times during the year.
4. The audit committee chair, if the committee has less than three members.
5. Any audit committee member who sits on more than three public company audit committees, unless the audit committee member is a retired CPA, CFO, controller or has similar experience, in which case the limit shall be four committees, taking time and availability into consideration including a review of the audit committee member’s attendance at all board and committee meetings.
6. All members of an audit committee who are up for election and who served on the committee at the time of the audit, if audit and audit-related fees total one-third or less of the total fees billed by the auditor.
7. The audit committee chair when tax and/or other fees are greater than audit and audit-related fees paid to the auditor for more than one year in a row (in which case we also recommend against ratification of the auditor).
8. All members of an audit committee where non-audit fees include fees for tax services (including, but not limited to, such things as tax avoidance or shelter schemes) for senior executives of the company. Such services are now prohibited by the PCAOB.
9. All members of an audit committee that reappointed an auditor that we no longer consider to be independent for reasons unrelated to fee proportions.
10. All members of an audit committee when audit fees are excessively low, especially when compared with other companies in the same industry.
11. The audit committee chair12 if the committee failed to put auditor ratification on the ballot for shareholder approval. However, if the non-audit fees or tax fees exceed audit plus audit-related fees in either the current or the prior year, then Glass Lewis will recommend voting against the entire audit committee.
 
11   Where the recommendation is to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against the members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern with regard to the committee chair.
 
12   In all cases, if the chair of the committee is not specified, we recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest.

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12. All members of an audit committee where the auditor has resigned and reported that a section 10A13 letter has been issued.
13. All members of an audit committee at a time when material accounting fraud occurred at the company.
14. All members of an audit committee at a time when annual and/or multiple quarterly financial statements had to be restated, and any of the following factors apply:
    The restatement involves fraud or manipulation by insiders;
 
    The restatement is accompanied by an SEC inquiry or investigation;
 
    The restatement involves revenue recognition;
 
    The restatement results in a greater than 5% adjustment to costs of goods sold, operating expense, or operating cash flows; or
 
    The restatement results in a greater than 5% adjustment to net income, 10% adjustment to assets or shareholders equity, or cash flows from financing or investing activities.
15. All members of an audit committee if the company repeatedly fails to file its financial reports in a timely fashion. For example, the company has filed two or more quarterly or annual financial statements late within the last 5 quarters.
16. All members of an audit committee when it has been disclosed that a law enforcement agency has charged the company and/or its employees with a violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
17. All members of an audit committee when the company has aggressive accounting policies and/or poor disclosure or lack of sufficient transparency in its financial statements.
18. All members of the audit committee when there is a disagreement with the auditor and the auditor resigns or is dismissed.
19. All members of the audit committee if the contract with the auditor specifically limits the auditor’s liability to the company for damages.14
20. All members of the audit committee who served since the date of the company’s last annual meeting, and when, since the last annual meeting, the company has reported a material weakness that has not yet been corrected, or, when the company has an ongoing material weakness from a prior year that has not yet been corrected.
We also take a dim view of audit committee reports that are boilerplate, and which provide little or no information or transparency to investors. When a problem such as a material weakness, restatement or late filings occurs, we take into consideration, in forming our judgment with respect to the audit committee, the transparency of the audit committee report.
     Compensation Committee Performance
 
13   Auditors are required to report all potential illegal acts to management and the audit committee unless they are clearly inconsequential in nature. If the audit committee or the board fails to take appropriate action on an act that has been determined to be a violation of the law, the independent auditor is required to send a section 10A letter to the SEC. Such letters are rare and therefore we believe should be taken seriously.
 
14   The Council of Institutional Investors. “Corporate Governance Policies,” p. 4, April 5, 2006; and “Letter from Council of Institutional Investors to the AICPA,” November 8, 2006.

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Compensation committees have the final say in determining the compensation of executives. This includes deciding the basis on which compensation is determined, as well as the amounts and types of compensation to be paid. This process begins with the hiring and initial establishment of employment agreements, including the terms for such items as pay, pensions and severance arrangements. It is important in establishing compensation arrangements that compensation be consistent with, and based on the long-term economic performance of, the business’s long-term shareholders returns.
Compensation committees are also responsible for the oversight of the transparency of compensation. This oversight includes disclosure of compensation arrangements, the matrix used in assessing pay for performance, and the use of compensation consultants. In order to ensure the independence of the compensation consultant, we believe the compensation committee should only engage a compensation consultant that is not also providing any services to the company or management apart from their contract with the compensation committee. It is important to investors that they have clear and complete disclosure of all the significant terms of compensation arrangements in order to make informed decisions with respect to the oversight and decisions of the compensation committee.
Finally, compensation committees are responsible for oversight of internal controls over the executive compensation process. This includes controls over gathering information used to determine compensation, establishment of equity award plans, and granting of equity awards. Lax controls can and have contributed to conflicting information being obtained, for example through the use of nonobjective consultants. Lax controls can also contribute to improper awards of compensation such as through granting of backdated or spring-loaded options, or granting of bonuses when triggers for bonus payments have not been met.
Central to understanding the actions of a compensation committee is a careful review of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (CD&A) report included in each company’s proxy. We review the CD&A in our evaluation of the overall compensation practices of a company, as overseen by the compensation committee. The CD&A is also integral to the evaluation of compensation proposals at companies, such as management-submitted advisory compensation vote proposals, which allow shareholders to vote on the compensation paid to a company’s top executives.
In our evaluation of the CD&A, we examine, among other factors, the following:
1. The extent to which the company uses appropriate performance goals and metrics in determining overall compensation as an indication that pay is tied to performance.
2. How clearly the company discloses performance metrics and goals so that shareholders may make an independent determination that goals were met.
3. The extent to which the performance metrics, targets and goals are implemented to enhance company performance and encourage prudent risk-taking.
4. The selected peer group(s) so that shareholders can make a comparison of pay and performance across the appropriate peer group.
5. The extent to which the company benchmarks compensation levels at a specific percentile of its peer group along with the rationale for selecting such a benchmark.
6. The amount of discretion granted management or the compensation committee to deviate from defined performance metrics and goals in making awards, as well as the appropriateness of the use of such discretion.

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We provide an overall evaluation of the quality and content of a company’s executive compensation policies and procedures as disclosed in a CD&A as either good, fair or poor.
We evaluate compensation committee members on the basis of their performance while serving on the compensation committee in question, not for actions taken solely by prior committee members who are not currently serving on the committee. At companies that provide shareholders with non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation (“Say-on-Pay”), we will use the Say-on-Pay proposal as the initial, primary means to express dissatisfaction with the company’s compensation polices and practices rather than recommending voting against members of the compensation committee (except in the most egregious cases).
When assessing the performance of compensation committees, we will recommend voting against for the following:15
1. All members of the compensation committee who are up for election and served at the time of poor pay-for-performance (e.g., a company receives an F grade in our pay-for-performance analysis) when shareholders are not provided with an advisory vote on executive compensation.16
2. Any member of the compensation committee who has served on the compensation committee of at least two other public companies that received F grades in our pay-for-performance model and who is also suspect at the company in question.
3. The compensation committee chair if the company received two D grades in consecutive years in our pay-for-performance analysis, and if during the past year the Company performed the same as or worse than its peers.17
4. All members of the compensation committee (during the relevant time period) if the company entered into excessive employment agreements and/or severance agreements.
5. All members of the compensation committee when performance goals were changed (i.e., lowered) when employees failed or were unlikely to meet original goals, or performance-based compensation was paid despite goals not being attained.
6. All members of the compensation committee if excessive employee perquisites and benefits were allowed.
 
15   Where the recommendation is to vote against the committee chair and the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern with regard to the committee chair.
 
16   Where there are multiple CEOs in one year, we will consider not recommending against the compensation committee but will defer judgment on compensation policies and practices until the next year or a full year after arrival of the new CEO. In addition, if a company provides shareholders with a Say-on-Pay proposal and receives an F grade in our pay-for-performance model, we will recommend that shareholders only vote against the Say-on-Pay proposal rather than the members of the compensation committee, unless the company exhibits egregious practices. However, if the company receives successive F grades, we will then recommend against the members of the compensation committee in addition to recommending voting against the Say-on-Pay proposal.
 
17   In cases where the company received two D grades in consecutive years, but during the past year the company performed better than its peers or improved from a D to an F grade year over year, we refrain from recommending to vote against the compensation chair. In addition, if a company provides shareholders with a Say-on-Pay proposal in this instance, we will consider voting against the advisory vote rather than the compensation committee chair unless the company exhibits unquestionably egregious practices.

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7. The compensation committee chair if the compensation committee did not meet during the year, but should have (e.g., because executive compensation was restructured or a new executive was hired).
8. All members of the compensation committee when the company repriced options within the past two years and we would not have supported the repricing (e.g., officers and directors were allowed to participate).
9. All members of the compensation committee when vesting of in-the-money options is accelerated or when fully vested options are granted.
10. All members of the compensation committee when option exercise prices were backdated. Glass Lewis will recommend voting against an executive director who played a role in and participated in option backdating.
11. All members of the compensation committee when option exercise prices were spring-loaded or otherwise timed around the release of material information.
12. All members of the compensation committee when a new employment contract is given to an executive that does not include a clawback provision and the company had a material restatement, especially if the restatement was due to fraud.
13. The chair of the compensation committee where the CD&A provides insufficient or unclear information about performance metrics and goals, where the CD&A indicates that pay is not tied to performance, or where the compensation committee or management has excessive discretion to alter performance terms or increase amounts of awards in contravention of previously defined targets.
14. All members of the compensation committee during whose tenure the committee failed to implement a shareholder proposal regarding a compensation-related issue, where the proposal received the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting shares at a shareholder meeting, and when a reasonable analysis suggests that the compensation committee (rather than the governance committee) should have taken steps to implement the request.18
     Nominating and Governance Committee Performance
The nominating and governance committee, as an agency for the shareholders, is responsible for the governance by the board of the company and its executives. In performing this role, the board is responsible and accountable for selection of objective and competent board members. It is also responsible for providing leadership on governance policies adopted by the company, such as decisions to implement shareholder proposals that have received a majority vote.
Regarding the nominating and or governance committee, we will recommend voting against the following:19
1. All members of the governance committee20 during whose tenure the board failed to implement a shareholder proposal with a direct and substantial impact on shareholders and
 
18   In all other instances (i.e. a non-compensation-related shareholder proposal should have been implemented) we recommend that shareholders vote against the members of the governance committee.
 
19   Where we would recommend to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern regarding the committee chair.
 
20   If the board does not have a governance committee (or a committee that serves such a purpose), we recommend voting against the entire board on this basis.

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their rights — i.e., where the proposal received enough shareholder votes (at least a majority) to allow the board to implement or begin to implement that proposal.21 Examples of these types of shareholder proposals are majority vote to elect directors and to declassify the board.
2. The governance committee chair,22 when the chairman is not independent and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.23 We note that each of the Business Roundtable, The Conference Board, and the Council of Institutional Investors advocates that two-thirds of the board be independent.
3. In the absence of a nominating committee, the governance committee chair when there are less than five or the whole nominating committee when there are more than 20 members on the board.
4. The governance committee chair, when the committee fails to meet at all during the year.
5. The governance committee chair, when for two consecutive years the company provides what we consider to be “inadequate” related party transaction disclosure (i.e. the nature of such transactions and/or the monetary amounts involved are unclear or excessively vague, thereby preventing an average shareholder from being able to reasonably interpret the independence status of multiple directors above and beyond what the company maintains is compliant with SEC or applicable stock-exchange listing requirements).
Regarding the nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the following:24
1. All members of the nominating committee, when the committee nominated or renominated an individual who had a significant conflict of interest or whose past actions demonstrated a lack of integrity or inability to represent shareholder interests.
2. The nominating committee chair, if the nominating committee did not meet during the year, but should have (i.e., because new directors were nominated or appointed since the time of the last annual meeting).
3. In the absence of a governance committee, the nominating committee chair25 when the chairman is not independent, and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.26
 
21   Where a compensation-related shareholder proposal should have been implemented, and when a reasonable analysis suggests that the members of the compensation committee (rather than the governance committee) bear the responsibility for failing to implement the request, we recommend that shareholders only vote against members of the compensation committee.
 
22   If the committee chair is not specified, we recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest. If the longest-serving committee member cannot be determined, we will recommend voting against the longest-serving board member serving on the committee.
 
23   We believe that one independent individual should be appointed to serve as the lead or presiding director. When such a position is rotated among directors from meeting to meeting, we will recommend voting against as if there were no lead or presiding director.
 
24   Where we would recommend is to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern regarding the committee chair.
 
25   If the committee chair is not specified, we will recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest. If the longest-serving committee member cannot be determined, we will recommend voting against the longest-serving board member on the committee.
 
26   In the absence of both a governance and a nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the chairman of the board on this basis.

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4. The nominating committee chair, when there are less than five or the whole nominating committee when there are more than 20 members on the board.27
5. The nominating committee chair, when a director received a greater than 50% against vote the prior year and not only was the director not removed, but the issues that raised shareholder concern were not corrected.28
     Board-level Risk Management Oversight
Glass Lewis evaluates the risk management function of a public company board on a strictly case-by-case basis. Sound risk management, while necessary at all companies, is particularly important at financial firms which inherently maintain significant exposure to financial risk. We believe such financial firms should have a chief risk officer reporting directly to the board and a dedicated risk committee or a committee of the board charged with risk oversight. Moreover, many non-financial firms maintain strategies which involve a high level of exposure to financial risk. Similarly, since many non-financial firm have significant hedging or trading strategies, including financial and non-financial derivatives, those firms should also have a chief risk officer and a risk committee.
When analyzing the risk management practices of public companies, we take note of any significant losses or writedowns on financial assets and/or structured transactions. In cases where a company has disclosed a sizable loss or writedown, and where we find that the company’s board-level risk committee contributed to the loss through poor oversight, we would recommend that shareholders vote against such committee members on that basis. In addition, in cases where a company maintains a significant level of financial risk exposure but fails to disclose any explicit form of board-level risk oversight (committee or otherwise)29, we will consider recommending to vote against the chairman of the board on that basis. However, we generally would not recommend voting against a combined chairman/CEO except in egregious cases.
Experience
We find that a director’s past conduct is often indicative of future conduct and performance. We often find directors with a history of overpaying executives or of serving on boards where avoidable disasters have occurred appearing at companies that follow these same patterns. Glass Lewis has a proprietary database of every officer and director serving at 8,000 of the most widely held U.S. companies. We use this database to track the performance of directors across companies.
     Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Director Experience
We typically recommend that shareholders vote against directors who have served on boards or as executives of companies with records of poor performance, inadequate risk oversight,
 
27   In the absence of both a governance and a nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the chairman of the board on this basis.
 
28   Considering that shareholder discontent clearly relates to the director who received a greater than 50% against vote rather than the nominating chair, we review the validity of the issue(s) that initially raised shareholder concern, follow-up on such matters, and only recommend voting against the nominating chair if a reasonable analysis suggests that it would be most appropriate. In rare cases, we will consider recommending against the nominating chair when a director receives a substantial (i.e., 25% or more) vote against based on the same analysis.
 
29   A committee responsible for risk management could be a dedicated risk committee, or another board committee, usually the audit committee but occasionally the finance committee, depending on a given company’s board structure and method of disclosure. At some companies, the entire board is charged with risk management.

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overcompensation, audit- or accounting-related issues, and/or other indicators of mismanagement or actions against the interests of shareholders.30
Likewise, we examine the backgrounds of those who serve on key board committees to ensure that they have the required skills and diverse backgrounds to make informed judgments about the subject matter for which the committee is responsible.
Other Considerations
In addition to the three key characteristics — independence, performance, experience — that we use to evaluate board members, we consider conflict-of-interest issues in making voting recommendations.
     Conflicts of Interest
We believe board members should be wholly free of identifiable and substantial conflicts of interest, regardless of the overall level of independent directors on the board. Accordingly, we recommend that shareholders vote against the following types of affiliated or inside directors:
1. A CFO who is on the board: In our view, the CFO holds a unique position relative to financial reporting and disclosure to shareholders. Because of the critical importance of financial disclosure and reporting, we believe the CFO should report to the board and not be a member of it.
2. A director who is on an excessive number of boards: We will typically recommend voting against a director who serves as an executive officer of any public company while serving on more than two other public company boards and any other director who serves on more than six public company boards typically receives an against recommendation from Glass Lewis. Academic literature suggests that one board takes up approximately 200 hours per year of each member’s time. We believe this limits the number of boards on which directors can effectively serve, especially executives at other companies.31 Further, we note a recent study has shown that the average number of outside board seats held by CEOs of S&P 500 companies is 0.7, down from 0.9 in 2004 and 1.6 in 1999.32
3. A director, or a director who has an immediate family member, providing consulting or other material professional services to the company: These services may include legal, consulting, or financial services. We question the need for the company to have consulting relationships with its directors. We view such relationships as creating conflicts for directors, since they may be forced to weigh their own interests against shareholder interests when making board decisions. In addition, a company’s decisions regarding where to turn for the best professional services may be compromised when doing business with the professional services firm of one of the company’s directors.
4. A director, or a director who has an immediate family member, engaging in airplane, real estate, or similar deals, including perquisite-type grants from the company, amounting
 
30   We typically apply a three-year look-back to such issues and also research to see whether the responsible directors have been up for election since the time of the failure, and if so, we take into account the percentage of support they received from shareholders.
 
31   Our guidelines are similar to the standards set forth by the NACD in its “Report of the NACD Blue Ribbon Commission on Director Professionalism,” 2001 Edition, pp. 14-15 (also cited approvingly by the Conference Board in its “Corporate Governance Best Practices: A Blueprint for the Post-Enron Era,” 2002, p. 17), which suggested that CEOs should not serve on more than 2 additional boards, persons with full-time work should not serve on more than 4 additional boards, and others should not serve on more than six boards.
 
32   Spencer Stuart Board Index, 2009, p. 19

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to more than $50,000: Directors who receive these sorts of payments from the company will have to make unnecessarily complicated decisions that may pit their interests against shareholder interests.
5. Interlocking directorships: CEOs or other top executives who serve on each other’s boards create an interlock that poses conflicts that should be avoided to ensure the promotion of shareholder interests above all else.33
6. All board members who served at a time when a poison pill was adopted without shareholder approval within the prior twelve months.
     Size of the Board of Directors
While we do not believe there is a universally applicable optimum board size, we do believe boards should have at least five directors to ensure sufficient diversity in decision-making and to enable the formation of key board committees with independent directors. Conversely, we believe that boards with more than 20 members will typically suffer under the weight of “too many cooks in the kitchen” and have difficulty reaching consensus and making timely decisions. Sometimes the presence of too many voices can make it difficult to draw on the wisdom and experience in the room by virtue of the need to limit the discussion so that each voice may be heard.
To that end, we typically recommend voting against the chairman of the nominating committee at a board with fewer than five directors. With boards consisting of more than 20 directors, we typically recommend voting against all members of the nominating committee (or the governance committee, in the absence of a nominating committee).34
Controlled Companies
Controlled companies present an exception to our independence recommendations. The board’s function is to protect shareholder interests; however, when an individual or entity owns more than 50% of the voting shares, the interests of the majority of shareholders are the interests of that entity or individual. Consequently, Glass Lewis does not apply our usual two-thirds independence rule and therefore we will not recommend voting against boards whose composition reflects the makeup of the shareholder population.
     Independence Exceptions
     The independence exceptions that we make for controlled companies are as follows:
1. We do not require that controlled companies have boards that are at least two-thirds independent. So long as the insiders and/or affiliates are connected with the controlling entity, we accept the presence of non-independent board members.
2. The compensation committee and nominating and governance committees do not need to consist solely of independent directors.
 
33   There is no look-back period for this situation. This only applies to public companies and we only footnote it for the non-insider.
 
34   The Conference Board, at p. 23 in its report “Corporate Governance Best Practices, Id.,” quotes one of its roundtable participants as stating, “[w]hen you’ve got a 20 or 30 person corporate board, it’s one way of assuring that nothing is ever going to happen that the CEO doesn’t want to happen.”

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a. We believe that standing nominating and corporate governance committees at controlled companies are unnecessary. Although having a committee charged with the duties of searching for, selecting, and nominating independent directors can be beneficial, the unique composition of a controlled company’s shareholder base makes such committees weak and irrelevant.
b. Likewise, we believe that independent compensation committees at controlled companies are unnecessary. Although independent directors are the best choice for approving and monitoring senior executives’ pay, controlled companies serve a unique shareholder population whose voting power ensures the protection of its interests. As such, we believe that having affiliated directors on a controlled company’s compensation committee is acceptable. However, given that a controlled company has certain obligations to minority shareholders we feel that an insider should not serve on the compensation committee. Therefore, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against any insider (the CEO or otherwise) serving on the compensation committee.
3. Controlled companies do not need an independent chairman or an independent lead or presiding director. Although an independent director in a position of authority on the board — such as chairman or presiding director — can best carry out the board’s duties, controlled companies serve a unique shareholder population whose voting power ensures the protection of its interests.
4. Where an individual or entity owns more than 50% of a company’s voting power but the company is not a “controlled” company as defined by relevant listing standards, we apply a lower independence requirement of a majority of the board but keep all other standards in place. Similarly, where an individual or entity holds between 20-50% of a company’s voting power, but the company is not “controlled” and there is not a “majority” owner, we will allow for proportional representation on the board based on the individual or entity’s percentage of ownership.
     Size of the Board of Directors
We have no board size requirements for controlled companies.
     Audit Committee Independence
We believe that audit committees should consist solely of independent directors. Regardless of a company’s controlled status, the interests of all shareholders must be protected by ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the company’s financial statements. Allowing affiliated directors to oversee the preparation of financial reports could create an insurmountable conflict of interest.
Mutual Fund Boards
Mutual funds, or investment companies, are structured differently from regular public companies (i.e., operating companies). Typically, members of a fund’s adviser are on the board and management takes on a different role from that of regular public companies. Thus, we focus on a short list of requirements, although many of our guidelines remain the same.
The following mutual fund policies are similar to the policies for regular public companies:
1. Size of the board of directors: The board should be made up of between five and twenty directors.

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2. The CFO on the board: Neither the CFO of the fund nor the CFO of the fund’s registered investment adviser should serve on the board.
3. Independence of the audit committee: The audit committee should consist solely of independent directors.
4. Audit committee financial expert: At least one member of the audit committee should be designated as the audit committee financial expert.
The following differences from regular public companies apply at mutual funds:
1. Independence of the board: We believe that three-fourths of an investment company’s board should be made up of independent directors. This is consistent with a proposed SEC rule on investment company boards. The Investment Company Act requires 40% of the board to be independent, but in 2001, the SEC amended the Exemptive Rules to require that a majority of a mutual fund board be independent. In 2005, the SEC proposed increasing the independence threshold to 75%. In 2006, a federal appeals court ordered that this rule amendment be put back out for public comment, putting it back into “proposed rule” status. Since mutual fund boards play a vital role in overseeing the relationship between the fund and its investment manager, there is greater need for independent oversight than there is for an operating company board.
2. When the auditor is not up for ratification: We do not recommend voting against the audit committee if the auditor is not up for ratification because, due to the different legal structure of an investment company compared to an operating company, the auditor for the investment company (i.e., mutual fund) does not conduct the same level of financial review for each investment company as for an operating company.
3. Non-independent chairman: The SEC has proposed that the chairman of the fund board be independent. We agree that the roles of a mutual fund’s chairman and CEO should be separate. Although we believe this would be best at all companies, we recommend voting against the chairman of an investment company’s nominating committee as well as the chairman of the board if the chairman and CEO of a mutual fund are the same person and the fund does not have an independent lead or presiding director. Seven former SEC commissioners support the appointment of an independent chairman and we agree with them that “an independent board chairman would be better able to create conditions favoring the long-term interests of fund shareholders than would a chairman who is an executive of the adviser.” (See the comment letter sent to the SEC in support of the proposed rule at http://sec.gov/rules/proposed/s70304/s70304-179.pdf)
DECLASSIFIED BOARDS
Glass Lewis favors the repeal of staggered boards and the annual election of directors. We believe staggered boards are less accountable to shareholders than boards that are elected annually. Furthermore, we feel the annual election of directors encourages board members to focus on shareholder interests.
Empirical studies have shown: (i) companies with staggered boards reduce a firm’s value; and (ii) in the context of hostile takeovers, staggered boards operate as a takeover defense, which entrenches management, discourages potential acquirers, and delivers a lower return to target shareholders.
In our view, there is no evidence to demonstrate that staggered boards improve shareholder returns in a takeover context. Research shows that shareholders are worse off when a staggered board blocks a transaction. A study by a group of Harvard Law professors concluded that companies whose staggered boards prevented a takeover “reduced shareholder returns for targets ... on the order of eight to ten

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percent in the nine months after a hostile bid was announced.”35 When a staggered board negotiates a friendly transaction, no statistically significant difference in premiums occurs.36
During a March 2004 Glass Lewis Proxy Talk on staggered boards, the proponents of staggered boards could not identify research showing that staggered boards increase shareholder value. The opponents of such a structure marshaled significant support for the proposition that, holding everything else constant, classified boards reduce shareholder value. Lucian Bebchuk, a Harvard Law professor who studies corporate governance issues, concluded that charter-based staggered boards “reduce the market value of a firm by 4% to 6% of its market capitalization” and that “staggered boards bring about and not merely reflect this reduction in market value.”37
Shareholders have increasingly come to agree with this view. In 2008 only 40% of U.S. companies had a classified board structure, down from approximately 60% of companies in 2004. Clearly, more shareholders have supported the repeal of classified boards. Resolutions relating to the repeal of staggered boards garnered on average over 70% support among shareholders in 2008, whereas in 1987, only 16.4% of votes cast favored board declassification.
Given the empirical evidence suggesting staggered boards reduce a company’s value and the increasing shareholder opposition to such a structure, Glass Lewis supports the declassification of boards and the annual election of directors.
MANDATORY DIRECTOR RETIREMENT PROVISIONS
Director Term and Age Limits
Glass Lewis believes that director age and term limits typically are not in shareholders’ best interests. Too often age and term limits are used by boards as a crutch to remove board members who have served for an extended period of time. When used in that fashion, they are indicative of a board that has a difficult time making “tough decisions.”
Academic literature suggests that there is no evidence of a correlation between either length of tenure or age and director performance. On occasion, term limits can be used as a means to remove a director for boards that are unwilling to police their membership and to enforce turnover. Some shareholders support term limits as a way to force change when boards are unwilling to do so.
While we understand age limits can be a way to force change where boards are unwilling to make changes on their own, the long-term impact of age limits restricts experienced and potentially valuable board members from service through an arbitrary means. Further, age limits unfairly imply that older (or, in rare cases, younger) directors cannot contribute to company oversight. A director’s experience can be valuable to shareholders because directors navigate complex and critical issues when serving on a board.
In our view, a director’s experience can be a valuable asset to shareholders because of the complex, critical issues that boards face. However, we support periodic director rotation to ensure a fresh perspective in the boardroom and the generation of new ideas and business strategies. We believe the board should implement such rotation instead of relying on arbitrary limits. When necessary, shareholders can address the issue of director rotation through director elections.
 
35   Lucian Bebchuk, John Coates, Guhan Subramanian, “The Powerful Antitakeover Force of Staggered Boards: Further Findings and a Reply to Symposium Participants,” December 2002, page 1.
 
36   Id. at 2 (“Examining a sample of seventy-three negotiated transactions from 2000 to 2002, we find no systematic benefits in terms of higher premia to boards that have [staggered structures].”).
 
37   Lucian Bebchuk, Alma Cohen, “The Costs of Entrenched Boards” (2004).

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We believe that shareholders are better off monitoring the board’s approach to corporate governance and the board’s stewardship of company performance rather than imposing inflexible rules that don’t necessarily correlate with returns or benefits for shareholders.
However, if a board adopts term/age limits, it should follow through and not waive such limits. If the board waives its term/age limits, Glass Lewis will consider recommending shareholders vote against the nominating and/or governance committees, unless the rule was waived with sufficient explanation, such as consummation of a corporate transaction like a merger.
REQUIRING TWO OR MORE NOMINEES PER BOARD SEAT
In an attempt to address lack of access to the ballot, shareholders sometimes propose that the board give shareholders a choice of directors for each open board seat in every election. However, we feel that policies requiring a selection of multiple nominees for each board seat would discourage prospective directors from accepting nominations. A prospective director could not be confident either that he or she is the board’s clear choice or that he or she would be elected. Therefore, Glass Lewis generally will vote against such proposals.
SHAREHOLDER ACCESS
The SEC proposal: Shareholders have continuously sought a way to have a voice in director elections in recent years. Most of these efforts have centered on regulatory change at the SEC over the past several years. In July of 2007, the SEC responded by issuing two proposed rules, one to allow certain shareholders to submit director nominations for inclusion on management’s proxy and the second to disallow shareholder access proposals from being submitted by shareholders. The former rule did not pass but the latter rule was subsequently approved by the SEC in November of 2007, allowing companies to exclude shareholder access proposals from their proxy statements, in effect reverting to the SEC position prior to AFSCME’s challenge, ultimately upheld by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, of the SEC’s decision to allow AIG to exclude the group’s access proposal.
During this window of opportunity prior to the SEC’s final rulemaking in November, three companies faced access proposals in 2007. The proposals received considerable votes in favor, garnering nearly 40% support at Hewlett Packard, 42% support at UnitedHealth and passing with 51% of the votes at Cryo-Cell International.
More recently, in June 2009 the SEC released proposed Rule 14a-11, which, if adopted would require most companies to include shareholder nominees for directors in company proxy materials under certain circumstances—namely if the shareholder(s) seeking to nominate directors beneficially owned shares in the company for at least one year, as well as met an ownership threshold based on a sliding scale depending on the company’s size. Since the release of proposed Rule 14a-11, the SEC has reviewed over 500 public comment letters regarding the rule and has therefore deferred voting on the proposed rule until early 2010. As a result, it is unlikely shareholders will have the opportunity to vote on access proposals in 2010.
MAJORITY VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
In stark contrast to the failure of shareholder access to gain acceptance, majority voting for the election of directors is fast becoming the de facto standard in corporate board elections. In our view, the majority voting proposals are an effort to make the case for shareholder impact on director elections on a company-specific basis.

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While this proposal would not give shareholders the opportunity to nominate directors or lead to elections where shareholders have a choice among director candidates, if implemented, the proposal would allow shareholders to have a voice in determining whether the nominees proposed by the board should actually serve as the overseer-representatives of shareholders in the boardroom. We believe this would be a favorable outcome for shareholders.
During 2009 Glass Lewis tracked 46 proposals to require a majority vote to elect directors at annual meetings in the U.S., up from 24 such proposals in 2008, but down from 54 proposals during 2007 and 147 proposals during 2006. The general decline in the number of proposals being submitted was a result of many companies adopting some form of majority voting, including well over 2/3 of companies in the S&P 500 index. During 2009 these proposals received on average 59% shareholder support (based on for and against votes), up from 54% in 2008.
The plurality vote standard
Today, most US companies still elect directors by a plurality vote standard. Under that standard, if one shareholder holding only one share votes in favor of a nominee (including himself, if the director is a shareholder), that nominee “wins” the election and assumes a seat on the board. The common concern among companies with a plurality voting standard was the possibility that one or more directors would not receive a majority of votes, resulting in “failed elections.” This was of particular concern during the 1980s, an era of frequent takeovers and contests for control of companies.
Advantages of a majority vote standard
If a majority vote standard were implemented, a nominee would have to receive the support of a majority of the shares voted in order to be elected. Thus, shareholders could collectively vote to reject a director they believe will not pursue their best interests. We think that this minimal amount of protection for shareholders is reasonable and will not upset the corporate structure nor reduce the willingness of qualified shareholder-focused directors to serve in the future.
We believe that a majority vote standard will likely lead to more attentive directors. Occasional use of this power will likely prevent the election of directors with a record of ignoring shareholder interests in favor of other interests that conflict with those of investors. Glass Lewis will generally support proposals calling for the election of directors by a majority vote except for use in contested director elections.
In response to the high level of support majority voting has garnered, many companies have voluntarily taken steps to implement majority voting or modified approaches to majority voting. These steps range from a modified approach requiring directors that receive a majority of withheld votes to resign (e.g., Ashland Inc.) to actually requiring a majority vote of outstanding shares to elect directors (e.g., Intel).
We feel that the modified approach does not go far enough because requiring a director to resign is not the same as requiring a majority vote to elect a director and does not allow shareholders a definitive voice in the election process. Further, under the modified approach, the corporate governance committee could reject a resignation and, even if it accepts the resignation, the corporate governance committee decides on the director’s replacement. And since the modified approach is usually adopted as a policy by the board or a board committee, it could be altered by the same board or committee at any time.

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II. Transparency and
Integrity of Financial Reporting
AUDITOR RATIFICATION
The auditor’s role as gatekeeper is crucial in ensuring the integrity and transparency of the financial information necessary for protecting shareholder value. Shareholders rely on the auditor to ask tough questions and to do a thorough analysis of a company’s books to ensure that the information provided to shareholders is complete, accurate, fair, and that it is a reasonable representation of a company’s financial position. The only way shareholders can make rational investment decisions is if the market is equipped with accurate information about a company’s fiscal health. As stated in the October 6, 2008 Final Report of the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession to the U.S. Department of the Treasury:
“The auditor is expected to offer critical and objective judgment on the financial matters under consideration, and actual and perceived absence of conflicts is critical to that expectation. The Committee believes that auditors, investors, public companies, and other market participants must understand the independence requirements and their objectives, and that auditors must adopt a mindset of skepticism when facing situations that may compromise their independence.”
As such, shareholders should demand an objective, competent and diligent auditor who performs at or above professional standards at every company in which the investors hold an interest. Like directors, auditors should be free from conflicts of interest and should avoid situations requiring a choice between the auditor’s interests and the public’s interests. Almost without exception, shareholders should be able to annually review an auditor’s performance and to annually ratify a board’s auditor selection. Moreover, in October 2008, the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession went even further, and recommended that “to further enhance audit committee oversight and auditor accountability ... disclosure in the company proxy statement regarding shareholder ratification [should] include the name(s) of the senior auditing partner(s) staffed on the engagement.”38
Voting Recommendations on Auditor Ratification
We generally support management’s choice of auditor except when we believe the auditor’s independence or audit integrity has been compromised. Where a board has not allowed shareholders to review and ratify an auditor, we typically recommend voting against the audit committee chairman. When there have been material restatements of annual financial statements or material weakness in internal controls, we usually recommend voting against the entire audit committee.
Reasons why we may not recommend ratification of an auditor include:
1. When audit fees plus audit-related fees total less than the tax fees and/or other non-audit fees.
 
38   “Final Report of the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession to the U.S. Department of the Treasury.” p. VIII:20, October 6, 2008.

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2. Recent material restatements of annual financial statements, including those resulting in the reporting of material weaknesses in internal controls and including late filings by the company where the auditor bears some responsibility for the restatement or late filing.39
3. When the auditor performs prohibited services such as tax-shelter work, tax services for the CEO or CFO, or contingent-fee work, such as a fee based on a percentage of economic benefit to the company.
4. When audit fees are excessively low, especially when compared with other companies in the same industry.
5. When the company has aggressive accounting policies.
6. When the company has poor disclosure or lack of transparency in its financial statements.
7. Where the auditor limited its liability through its contract with the company or the audit contract requires the corporation to use alternative dispute resolution procedures.
8. We also look for other relationships or concerns with the auditor that might suggest a conflict between the auditor’s interests and shareholder interests.
We typically support audit-related proposals regarding mandatory auditor rotation when the proposal uses a reasonable period of time (usually not less than 5-7 years).
PENSION ACCOUNTING ISSUES
A pension accounting question often raised in proxy proposals is what effect, if any, projected returns on employee pension assets should have on a company’s net income. This issue often arises in the executive-compensation context in a discussion of the extent to which pension accounting should be reflected in business performance for purposes of calculating payments to executives.
Glass Lewis believes that pension credits should not be included in measuring income that is used to award performance-based compensation. Because many of the assumptions used in accounting for retirement plans are subject to the company’s discretion, management would have an obvious conflict of interest if pay were tied to pension income. In our view, projected income from pensions does not truly reflect a company’s performance.
 
39   An auditor does not audit interim financial statements. Thus, we generally do not believe that an auditor should be opposed due to a restatement of interim financial statements unless the nature of the misstatement is clear from a reading of the incorrect financial statements.

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III. The Link Between
Compensation and Performance
Glass Lewis carefully reviews the compensation awarded to senior executives. We believe that this is an important area in which the board’s priorities are revealed. However, as a general rule, Glass Lewis does not believe shareholders should be involved in the design, negotiation, management or approval of compensation packages. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through their election.
However, Glass Lewis strongly believes executive compensation should be linked directly with the performance of the business the executive is charged with managing. Glass Lewis has a proprietary pay-for-performance model that evaluates the pay of the top five executives at US companies. Our model benchmarks these executives’ pay against their performance using four peer groups for each company: an industry peer group, a smaller sector peer group, a group of similar size companies and a geographic peer group. Using a forced curve and a school letter-grade system, we rank companies according to their pay-for-performance and recommend voting against compensation committees of companies failing our pay-for-performance analysis.
We use this analysis to inform our voting decisions on each of the compensation issues that arise on the ballot. Likewise, we use this analysis in our evaluation of the compensation committee’s performance.
Full Disclosure of Executive Compensation
Glass Lewis believes that comprehensive, timely and transparent disclosure of executive pay is critical to allowing shareholders to evaluate the extent to which the pay is keeping pace with company performance. When reviewing proxy materials, Glass Lewis examines whether the company discloses the performance metrics used to determine executive compensation. Performance metrics vary and may include items such as revenue growth, targets, or human resources issues.
However, we are concerned when a proposal goes too far in the level of detail that it requests for executives other than the most high-ranking leaders of the company. Shareholders are unlikely to need or be able to use compensation information for employees below the level of the most senior corporate officers.
Moreover, it is rarely in shareholders’ interests to disclose competitive data about individual salaries below the senior executive level. Such disclosure could create internal personnel discord that would be counterproductive for the company and its shareholders. While we favor full disclosure for senior executives and we view pay disclosure at the aggregate level (e.g., the number of employees being paid over a certain amount or in certain categories) as potentially useful, we do not believe shareholders need or will benefit from detailed reports about individual management employees other than the most senior executives.
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”)
The practice of approving a company’s compensation reports is standard practice in many non-US countries, and has been a requirement for companies in the United Kingdom since 2002 and in Australia since 2005. More recently, such proposals have been gaining traction in the United States. Beginning with AFLAC in 2008, over a dozen US companies began to voluntarily provide shareholders with an advisory vote prior to 2009. However, in February of 2009 the U.S. government implemented the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which required all companies that participated in the

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Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) under the US Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) to provide shareholders with a separate shareholder vote to approve executive compensation. Glass Lewis reviewed over 280 of these Say-on-Pay proposals in 2009. As the US Treasury Department, the SEC and Congress contemplate proposed federal regulation in 2010 that would mandate advisory votes at all US public companies, shareholders should anticipate Say-on-Pay becoming a routine item at annual meetings in the years ahead.
Glass Lewis applies a highly nuanced approach when analyzing advisory votes on executive compensation. Not only can the specific resolutions vary from company to company, but we believe the compensation-related disclosure must be examined in the context of each company’s distinct industry as well as its historic pay-for-performance practices. Although Say-on-Pay proposals are non-binding, a high level of “against” or “abstain” votes demonstrate a lack of shareholder confidence in a company’s compensation policies and procedures. Therefore, after determining the specific aspects of disclosure actually being voted on (i.e., the CD&A, the summary compensation tables, and/or any related material), we focus on the following main factors when reviewing Say-on-Pay proposals:
    The overall design and structure of the Company’s executive compensation program;
 
    The link between compensation and performance as indicated by the Company’s current and past pay-for-performance grades;
 
    The quality and content of the Company’s CD&A disclosure and
 
    Any significant changes or modifications made to the Company’s compensation structure or award amounts, including base salaries.
In cases where our analysis reveals a compensation structure in drastic need of reform, we will recommend that shareholders vote against the Say-on-Pay proposal. Generally such instances include evidence of a pattern of poor pay-for-performance practices (i.e., deficient or failing pay for performance grades), unclear or questionable disclosure regarding the overall compensation structure (i.e., limited information regarding benchmarking processes, limited rationale for bonus performance metrics and targets, etc.), questionable adjustments to certain aspects of the overall compensation structure (i.e., limited rationale for significant changes to performance targets or metrics, the payout of guaranteed bonuses or sizable retention grants, etc.), and/or other egregious compensation practices.
Limits on Executive Compensation
Generally, Glass Lewis believes shareholders should not be directly involved in setting executive pay. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee. We view the election of compensation committee members as the appropriate mechanism for shareholders to express their disapproval or support of board policy on executive pay. Further, we believe that companies whose pay-for-performance is in line with their peers should be able to pay their executives in a way that drives growth and profit, without destroying ethical values, giving consideration to their peers’ comparable size and performance.
However, Glass Lewis favors performance-based compensation as an effective way to motivate executives to act in shareholders’ best interests. Performance-based pay may be limited if CEO pay is capped at a low level rather than flexibly tied to company performance.
Limits on Executive Stock Options
Stock options are a common form of executive compensation. Making options a part of compensation may be an effective way to attract and retain experienced executives and other key employees. Tying a portion of an executive’s pay to company performance also provides a good incentive for executives to

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maximize share value. Thus, we typically recommend that our clients oppose caps on executive stock options. However, stock option plans should prohibit re-pricing or vesting acceleration of the options.
Equity-Based Compensation Plans
Glass Lewis evaluates option- and other equity-based compensation plans using a detailed model and analyst review. We believe that equity compensation awards are useful, when not abused, for retaining employees and providing an incentive for them to act in a way that will improve company performance.
Equity-based compensation programs have important differences from cash compensation plans and bonus programs. Accordingly, our model and analysis takes into account factors such as plan administration, the method and terms of exercise, repricing history, express or implied rights to reprice, and the presence of evergreen provisions.
Our analysis is quantitative and focused on the plan’s cost as compared with the business’s operating metrics. We run twenty different analyses, comparing the program with absolute limits we believe are key to equity value creation and with a carefully chosen peer group. In general, our model seeks to determine whether the proposed plan is either absolutely excessive or is more than one standard deviation away from the average plan for the peer group on a range of criteria, including dilution to shareholders and the projected annual cost relative to the company’s financial performance. Each of the twenty analyses (and their constituent parts) is weighted and the plan is scored in accordance with that weight.
In our analysis, we compare the program’s expected annual expense with the business’s operating metrics to help determine whether the plan is excessive in light of company performance. We also compare the option plan’s expected annual cost to the enterprise value of the firm rather than to market capitalization because the employees, managers and directors of the firm create enterprise value and not necessarily market capitalization (the biggest difference is seen where cash represents the vast majority of market capitalization). Finally, we do not rely exclusively on relative comparisons with averages because we believe that academic literature proves that some absolute limits are warranted.
We evaluate option plans based on ten overarching principles:
1. Companies should seek more shares only when needed.
2. Plans should be small enough that companies need shareholder approval every three to four years (or more frequently).
3. If a plan is relatively expensive, it should not grant options solely to senior executives and board members.
4. Annual net share count and voting power dilution should be limited.
5. Annual cost of the plan (especially if not shown on the income statement) should be reasonable as a percentage of financial results and should be in line with the peer group.
6. The expected annual cost of the plan should be proportional to the business’s value.
7. The intrinsic value that option grantees received in the past should be reasonable compared with the business’s financial results.
8. Plans should deliver value on a per-employee basis when compared with programs at peer companies.
9. Plans should not permit re-pricing of stock options.
10. Plans should not contain excessively liberal administrative or payment terms.

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Option Exchanges
Glass Lewis views option repricing plans and option exchange programs with great skepticism. Shareholders have substantial risk in owning stock and we believe that the employees, officers, and directors who receive stock options should be similarly situated to align their interests with shareholder interests.
We are concerned that option grantees who believe they will be “rescued” from underwater options will be more inclined to take unjustifiable risks. Moreover, a predictable pattern of repricing or exchanges substantially alters a stock option’s value because options that will practically never expire deeply out of the money are worth far more than options that carry a risk of expiration.
In short, repricings and option exchange programs change the bargain between shareholders and employees after the bargain has been struck. Re-pricing is tantamount to re-trading.
There is one circumstance in which a repricing or option exchange program is acceptable: if macroeconomic or industry trends cause a stock’s value to decline dramatically, rather than specific company issues, and repricing is necessary to motivate and retain employees. In this circumstance, we think it fair to conclude that option grantees may be suffering from a risk that was not foreseeable when the original “bargain” was struck. In such a circumstance, we will support a repricing only if the following conditions are true:
(i) officers and board members do not participate in the program;
(ii) the stock decline mirrors the market or industry price decline in terms of timing and approximates the decline in magnitude;
(iii) the exchange is value-neutral or value-creative to shareholders with very conservative assumptions and with a recognition of the adverse selection problems inherent in voluntary programs; and
(iv) management and the board make a cogent case for needing to motivate and retain existing employees, such as being in a competitive employment market.
Performance-Based Options
Shareholders commonly ask boards to adopt policies requiring that a significant portion of future stock option grants to senior executives be based on performance. Performance-based options are options where the exercise price is linked to an industry peer group’s stock-performance index.
Glass Lewis believes in performance-based equity compensation plans for senior executives. We feel that executives should be compensated with equity when their performance and the company’s performance warrants such rewards. While we do not believe that equity-based pay plans for all employees should be based on overall company performance, we do support such limitations for equity grants to senior executives (although some equity-based compensation of senior executives without performance criteria is acceptable, such as in the case of moderate incentive grants made in an initial offer of employment or in emerging industries).
Boards often argue that basing option grants on performance would hinder them in attracting talent. We believe that boards can develop a consistent, reliable approach to attract executives with the ability to guide the company toward its targets. If the board believes in performance-based pay for executives, then these proposals requiring the same should not hamper the board’s ability to create equity-based compensation plans.
We generally recommend that shareholders vote in favor of performance-based option requirements.

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Option Backdating, Spring-Loading, and Bullet-Dodging
Glass Lewis views option backdating, and the related practices of spring-loading and bullet-dodging, as egregious actions that warrant holding the appropriate management and board members responsible. These practices are similar to re-pricing options and eliminate much of the downside risk inherent in an option grant that is designed to induce recipients to maximize shareholder return. Backdating an option is the act of changing an option’s grant date from the actual grant date to an earlier date when the market price of the underlying stock was lower, resulting in a lower exercise price for the option. Glass Lewis has identified over 270 companies that have disclosed internal or government investigations into their past stock-option grants.
Spring-loading is granting stock options while in possession of material, positive information that has not been disclosed publicly. Bullet-dodging is delaying the grants of stock options until after the release of material, negative information. This can allow option grants to be made at a lower price either before the release of positive news or following the release of negative news, assuming the stock’s price will move up or down in response to the information. This raises a concern similar to that of insider trading, or the trading on material non-public information.
The exercise price for an option is determined on the day of grant, providing the recipient with the same market risk as an investor who bought shares on that date. However, where options were backdated, the executive or the board (or the compensation committee) changed the grant date retroactively. The new date may be at or near the lowest price for the year or period. This would be like allowing an investor to look back and select the lowest price of the year at which to buy shares.
A 2006 study of option grants made between 1996 and 2005 at 8,000 companies found that option backdating can be an indication of poor internal controls. The study found that option backdating was more likely to occur at companies without a majority independent board and with a long-serving CEO; both factors, the study concluded, were associated with greater CEO influence on the company’s compensation and governance practices.40
Where a company granted backdated options to an executive who is also a director, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against that executive/director, regardless of who decided to make the award. In addition, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against those directors who either approved or allowed the backdating. Glass Lewis feels that executives and directors who either benefited from backdated options or authorized the practice have breached their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders.
Given the severe tax and legal liabilities to the company from backdating, Glass Lewis will consider recommending voting against members of the audit committee who served when options were backdated, a restatement occurs, material weaknesses in internal controls exist and disclosures indicate there was a lack of documentation. These committee members failed in their responsibility to ensure the integrity of the company’s financial reports.
When a company has engaged in spring-loading or bullet-dodging, Glass Lewis will consider recommending voting against the compensation committee members where there has been a pattern of granting options at or near historic lows. Glass Lewis will also recommend voting against executives serving on the board who benefited from the spring-loading or bullet-dodging.
162(m) Plans
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code allows companies to deduct compensation in excess of $1 million for the CEO and the next three most highly compensated executive officers, excluding the CFO,
 
40   Lucian Bebchuk, Yaniv Grinstein and Urs Peyer. “LUCKY CEOs.” November, 2006.

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upon shareholder approval of the excess compensation. Glass Lewis recognizes the value of executive incentive programs and the tax benefit of shareholder-approved incentive plans.
We believe the best practice for companies is to provide reasonable disclosure to shareholders so that they can make sound judgments about the reasonableness of the proposed compensation plan. To allow for meaningful shareholder review, we prefer that these proposals include: specific performance goals, a maximum award pool, and a maximum award amount per employee. We also believe it is important to analyze the estimated grants to see if they are reasonable and in line with the company’s peers.
We typically recommend against a 162(m) plan where: a company fails to provide at least a list of performance targets; a company fails to provide one of either a total pool or an individual maximum; or the proposed plan is excessive when compared with the plans of the company’s peers.
The company’s record of aligning pay with performance (as evaluated using our proprietary pay-for-performance model) also plays a role in our recommendation. Where a company has a record of reasonable pay relative to business performance, we are not typically inclined to recommend against a plan even if the plan caps seem large relative to peers because we recognize the value in special pay arrangements for continued exceptional performance.
As with all other issues we review, our goal is to provide consistent but contextual advice given the specifics of the company and ongoing performance. Overall, we recognize that it is generally not in shareholders’ best interests to vote against such a plan and forgo the potential tax benefit since shareholder rejection of such plans will not curtail the awards, it will only prevent the tax deduction associated with them.
Director Compensation Plans
Glass Lewis believes that non-employee directors should receive compensation for the time and effort they spend serving on the board and its committees. In particular, we support compensation plans that include option grants or other equity-based awards that help to align the interests of outside directors with those of shareholders. Director fees should be competitive in order to retain and attract qualified individuals. But excessive fees represent a financial cost to the company and threaten to compromise the objectivity and independence of non-employee directors. Therefore, a balance is required.
Glass Lewis uses a proprietary model and analyst review to evaluate the costs of those plans compared to the plans of peer companies with similar market capitalizations. We use the results of this model to assist in making our voting recommendations on director compensation plans.

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IV. Governance Structure
and the Shareholder Franchise
ANTI-TAKEOVER MEASURES
Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)
Glass Lewis believes that poison pill plans are not generally in shareholders’ best interests. They can reduce management accountability by substantially limiting opportunities for corporate takeovers. Rights plans can thus prevent shareholders from receiving a buy-out premium for their stock. Typically we recommend that shareholders vote against these plans to protect their financial interests and ensure that they have an opportunity to consider any offer for their shares, especially those at a premium.
We believe boards should be given wide latitude in directing company activities and in charting the company’s course. However, on an issue such as this, where the link between the shareholders’ financial interests and their right to consider and accept buyout offers is substantial, we believe that shareholders should be allowed to vote on whether they support such a plan’s implementation. This issue is different from other matters that are typically left to board discretion. Its potential impact on and relation to shareholders is direct and substantial. It is also an issue in which management interests may be different from those of shareholders; thus, ensuring that shareholders have a voice is the only way to safeguard their interests.
In certain circumstances, we will support a limited poison pill to accomplish a particular objective, such as the closing of an important merger, or a pill that contains what we believe to be a reasonable qualifying offer clause. We will consider supporting a poison pill plan if the qualifying offer clause includes the following attributes: (i) The form of offer is not required to be an all-cash transaction; (ii) the offer is not required to remain open for more than 90 business days; (iii) the offeror is permitted to amend the offer, reduce the offer, or otherwise change the terms; (iv) there is no fairness opinion requirement; and (v) there is a low to no premium requirement. Where these requirements are met, we typically feel comfortable that shareholders will have the opportunity to voice their opinion on any legitimate offer.
NOL Poison Pills
Similarly, Glass Lewis may consider supporting a limited poison pill in the unique event that a company seeks shareholder approval of a rights plan for the express purpose of preserving Net Operating Losses (NOLs). While companies with NOLs can generally carry these losses forward to offset future taxable income, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limits companies’ ability to use NOLs in the event of a “change of ownership.”41 In this case, a company may adopt or amend a poison pill (“NOL pill”) in order to prevent an inadvertent change of ownership by multiple investors purchasing small chunks of stock at the same time, and thereby preserve the ability to carry the NOLs forward. Often such NOL pills have trigger thresholds much lower than the common 15% or 20% thresholds, with some NOL pill triggers as low as 5%.
Glass Lewis evaluates NOL pills on a strictly case-by-case basis taking into consideration, among other factors, the value of the NOLs to the company, the likelihood of a change of ownership based on the size of the holding and the nature of the larger shareholders, the trigger threshold and whether the term of
 
41   Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code refers to a “change of ownership” of more than 50 percentage points by one or more 5% shareholders within a three-year period. The statute is intended to deter the “trafficking” of net operating losses.

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the plan is limited in duration (i.e., whether it contains a reasonable “sunset” provision) or is subject to periodic board review and/or shareholder ratification. However, we will recommend that shareholders vote against a proposal to adopt or amend a pill to include NOL protective provisions if the company has adopted a more narrowly tailored means of preventing a change in control to preserve its NOLs. For example, a company may limit share transfers in its charter to prevent a change of ownership from occurring.
Furthermore, we believe that shareholders should be offered the opportunity to vote on any adoption or renewal of a NOL pill regardless of any potential tax benefit that it offers a company. As such, we will consider recommending voting against those members of the board who served at the time when an NOL pill was adopted without shareholder approval within the prior twelve months and where the NOL pill is not subject to shareholder ratification.
Fair Price Provisions
Fair price provisions, which are rare, require that certain minimum price and procedural requirements be observed by any party that acquires more than a specified percentage of a corporation’s common stock. The provision is intended to protect minority shareholder value when an acquirer seeks to accomplish a merger or other transaction which would eliminate or change the interests of the minority stockholders. The provision is generally applied against the acquirer unless the takeover is approved by a majority of “continuing directors” and holders of a majority, in some cases a supermajority as high as 80%, of the combined voting power of all stock entitled to vote to alter, amend, or repeal the above provisions.
The effect of a fair price provision is to require approval of any merger or business combination with an “interested stockholder” by 51% of the voting stock of the company, excluding the shares held by the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is generally considered to be a holder of 10% or more of the company’s outstanding stock, but the trigger can vary.
Generally, provisions are put in place for the ostensible purpose of preventing a back-end merger where the interested stockholder would be able to pay a lower price for the remaining shares of the company than he or she paid to gain control. The effect of a fair price provision on shareholders, however, is to limit their ability to gain a premium for their shares through a partial tender offer or open market acquisition which typically raise the share price, often significantly. A fair price provision discourages such transactions because of the potential costs of seeking shareholder approval and because of the restrictions on purchase price for completing a merger or other transaction at a later time.
Glass Lewis believes that fair price provisions, while sometimes protecting shareholders from abuse in a takeover situation, more often act as an impediment to takeovers, potentially limiting gains to shareholders from a variety of transactions that could significantly increase share price. In some cases, even the independent directors of the board cannot make exceptions when such exceptions may be in the best interests of shareholders. Given the existence of state law protections for minority shareholders such as Section 203 of the Delaware Corporations Code, we believe it is in the best interests of shareholders to remove fair price provisions.
REINCORPORATION
In general, Glass Lewis believes that the board is in the best position to determine the appropriate jurisdiction of incorporation for the company. When examining a management proposal to reincorporate to a different state or country, we review the relevant financial benefits, generally related to improved corporate tax treatment, as well as changes in corporate governance provisions, especially those relating to shareholder rights, resulting from the change in domicile. Where the financial benefits are de minimis and there is a decrease in shareholder rights, we will recommend voting against the transaction.

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However, costly, shareholder-initiated reincorporations are typically not the best route to achieve the furtherance of shareholder rights. We believe shareholders are generally better served by proposing specific shareholder resolutions addressing pertinent issues which may be implemented at a lower cost, and perhaps even with board approval. However, when shareholders propose a shift into a jurisdiction with enhanced shareholder rights, Glass Lewis examines the significant ways would the Company benefit from shifting jurisdictions including the following:
1. Is the board sufficiently independent?
2. Does the Company have anti-takeover protections such as a poison pill or classified board in place?
3. Has the board been previously unresponsive to shareholders (such as failing to implement a shareholder proposal that received majority shareholder support)?
4. Do shareholders have the right to call special meetings of shareholders?
5. Are there other material governance issues at the Company?
6. Has the Company’s performance matched or exceeded its peers in the past one and three years?
7. How has the Company ranked in Glass Lewis’ pay-for-performance analysis during the last three years?
8. Does the company have an independent chairman?
We note, however, that we will only support shareholder proposals to change a company’s place of incorporation in exceptional circumstances.
AUTHORIZED SHARES
Glass Lewis believes that adequate capital stock is important to a company’s operation. When analyzing a request for additional shares, we typically review four common reasons why a company might need additional capital stock:
(i) Stock Split — We typically consider three metrics when evaluating whether we think a stock split is likely or necessary: The historical stock pre-split price, if any; the current price relative to the company’s most common trading price over the past 52 weeks; and some absolute limits on stock price that, in our view, either always make a stock split appropriate if desired by management or would almost never be a reasonable price at which to split a stock.
(ii) Shareholder Defenses — Additional authorized shares could be used to bolster takeover defenses such as a “poison pill.” Proxy filings often discuss the usefulness of additional             shares in defending against or discouraging a hostile takeover as a reason for a requested increase. Glass Lewis is typically against such defenses and will oppose actions intended to bolster such defenses.
(iii) Financing for Acquisitions — We look at whether the company has a history of using stock for acquisitions and attempt to determine what levels of stock have typically been required to accomplish such transactions. Likewise, we look to see whether this is discussed as a reason for additional shares in the proxy.
(iv) Financing for Operations — We review the company’s cash position and its ability to secure financing through borrowing or other means. We look at the company’s history of capitalization and whether the company has had to use stock in the recent past as a means of raising capital.

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Issuing additional shares can dilute existing holders in limited circumstances. Further, the availability of additional shares, where the board has discretion to implement a poison pill, can often serve as a deterrent to interested suitors. Accordingly, where we find that the company has not detailed a plan for use of the proposed shares, or where the number of shares far exceeds those needed to accomplish a detailed plan, we typically recommend against the authorization of additional shares.
While we think that having adequate shares to allow management to make quick decisions and effectively operate the business is critical, we prefer that, for significant transactions, management come to shareholders to justify their use of additional shares rather than providing a blank check in the form of a large pool of unallocated shares available for any purpose.
ADVANCE NOTICE REQUIREMENTS
FOR SHAREHOLDER BALLOT PROPOSALS
We typically recommend that shareholders vote against proposals that would require advance notice of shareholder proposals or of director nominees.
These proposals typically attempt to require a certain amount of notice before shareholders are allowed to place proposals on the ballot. Notice requirements typically range between three to six months prior to the annual meeting. Advance notice requirements typically make it impossible for a shareholder who misses the deadline to present a shareholder proposal or a director nominee that might be in the best interests of the company and its shareholders.
We believe shareholders should be able to review and vote on all proposals and director nominees. Shareholders can always vote against proposals that appear with little prior notice. Shareholders, as owners of a business, are capable of identifying issues on which they have sufficient information and ignoring issues on which they have insufficient information. Setting arbitrary notice restrictions limits the opportunity for shareholders to raise issues that may come up after the window closes.
VOTING STRUCTURE
Cumulative Voting
We review cumulative voting proposals on a case-by-case basis, factoring in the independence of the board and the status of the company’s governance structure. But we typically find these proposals on ballots at companies where independence is lacking and where the appropriate checks and balances favoring shareholders are not in place. In those instances we typically recommend in favor of cumulative voting.
Cumulative voting is a process that maximizes minority shareholders’ ability to ensure representation of their views on the board. It can be important when a board is controlled by insiders or affiliates and where the company’s ownership structure includes one or more shareholders who control a majority-voting block of company stock.
Glass Lewis believes that cumulative voting generally acts as a safeguard for shareholders by ensuring that those who hold a significant minority of shares can elect a candidate of their choosing to the board. This allows the creation of boards that are responsive to the interests of all shareholders rather than just a small group of large holders.
Academic literature indicates that where a highly independent board is in place and the company has a shareholder-friendly governance structure, shareholders may be better off without cumulative voting. The analysis underlying this literature indicates that shareholder returns at firms with good governance

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structures are lower and that boards can become factionalized and prone to evaluating the needs of special interests over the general interests of shareholders collectively.
Where a company has adopted a true majority vote standard (i.e., where a director must receive a majority of votes cast to be elected, as opposed to a modified policy indicated by a resignation policy only), Glass Lewis will recommend voting against cumulative voting proposals due to the incompatibility of the two election methods. For companies that have not adopted a true majority voting standard but have adopted some form of majority voting, Glass Lewis will also generally recommend voting against cumulative voting proposals if the company has not adopted antitakeover protections and has been responsive to shareholders.
Where a company has not adopted a majority voting standard and is facing both a shareholder proposal to adopt majority voting and a shareholder proposal to adopt cumulative voting, Glass Lewis will support only the majority voting proposal. When a company has both majority voting and cumulative voting in place, there is a higher likelihood of one or more directors not being elected as a result of not receiving a majority vote. This is because shareholders exercising the right to cumulate their votes could unintentionally cause the failed election of one or more directors for whom shareholders do not cumulate votes.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Glass Lewis believes that supermajority vote requirements impede shareholder action on ballot items critical to shareholder interests. An example is in the takeover context, where supermajority vote requirements can strongly limit the voice of shareholders in making decisions on such crucial matters as selling the business. This in turn degrades share value and can limit the possibility of buyout premiums to shareholders. Moreover, we believe that a supermajority vote requirement can enable a small group of shareholders to overrule the will of the majority shareholders. We believe that a simple majority is appropriate to approve all matters presented to shareholders.
TRANSACTION OF OTHER BUSINESS
AT AN ANNUAL OR SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
We typically recommend that shareholders not give their proxy to management to vote on any other business items that may properly come before the annual meeting. In our opinion, granting unfettered discretion is unwise.
ANTI-GREENMAIL PROPOSALS
Glass Lewis will support proposals to adopt a provision preventing the payment of greenmail, which would serve to prevent companies from buying back company stock at significant premiums from a certain shareholder. Since a large or majority shareholder could attempt to compel a board into purchasing its shares at a large premium, the anti-greenmail provision would generally require that a majority of shareholders other than the majority shareholder approve the buyback.
MUTUAL FUNDS: INVESTMENT POLICIES AND ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
Glass Lewis believes that decisions about a fund’s structure and/or a fund’s relationship with its investment advisor or sub-advisors are generally best left to management and the members of the board, absent a showing of egregious or illegal conduct that might threaten shareholder value. As such, we focus our analyses of such proposals on the following main areas:
    The terms of any amended advisory or sub-advisory agreement;

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    Any changes in the fee structure paid to the investment advisor; and
 
    Any material changes to the fund’s investment objective or strategy.
We generally support amendments to a fund’s investment advisory agreement absent a material change that is not in the best interests of shareholders. A significant increase in the fees paid to an investment advisor would be reason for us to consider recommending voting against a proposed amendment to an investment advisory agreement. However, in certain cases, we are more inclined to support an increase in advisory fees if such increases result from being performance-based rather than asset-based. Furthermore, we generally support sub-advisory agreements between a fund’s advisor and sub-advisor, primarily because the fees received by the sub-advisor are paid by the advisor, and not by the fund.
In matters pertaining to a fund’s investment objective or strategy, we believe shareholders are best served when a fund’s objective or strategy closely resembles the investment discipline shareholders understood and selected when they initially bought into the fund. As such, we generally recommend voting against amendments to a fund’s investment objective or strategy when the proposed changes would leave shareholders with stakes in a fund that is noticeably different than when originally contemplated, and which could therefore potentially negatively impact some investors’ diversification strategies.

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V. Environmental, Social and
Governance Shareholder Initiatives
Glass Lewis evaluates shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. We generally recommend supporting shareholder proposals calling for the elimination or removal of, as well as to require shareholder approval of, antitakeover devices such as poison pills and classified boards, both discussed in detail above. We generally recommend supporting proposals likely to increase or protect shareholder value and/or promote the furtherance of shareholder rights. In addition, we also generally recommend supporting proposals seeking to promote director accountability and to improve compensation practices especially those promoting a closer link between compensation and performance.
However, we typically prefer to leave decisions regarding day-to-day management and policy decisions, including those related to social, environmental or political issues, to management and the board except when there is a clear link between the proposal and economic or financial value enhancement or risk mitigation for the firm. We feel strongly that shareholders should not attempt to micromanage the company, its businesses or its executives through the shareholder initiative process.
Rather, we believe shareholders should use their influence to push for governance structures that protect shareholders and promote director accountability, including majority voting for director elections, and then put in place a board they can trust to make informed and careful decisions that are in the best interests of the business and its owners. We believe shareholders should hold directors accountable for management and policy decisions through director elections. However, we recognize that support of appropriately crafted shareholder initiatives that provide shareholders with increased information, and that allow the board sufficient flexibility can, in some cases, serve to promote or protect shareholder value. The following is a discussion of Glass Lewis’ approach to certain common shareholder resolution proposals. We note that the following is not an exhaustive list of all shareholder proposals analyzed or expected.
GOVERNANCE
Right of Shareholders to Call a Special Meeting
Glass Lewis strongly supports the right of shareholders to call special meetings. Thus we believe in certain circumstances shareholders should have the ability to call meetings of shareholders between annual meetings to consider matters that require prompt attention. However, in order to prevent abuse and waste of corporate resources by a small minority of shareholders, we believe that shareholders representing at least a sizable minority of shares must support such a meeting prior to its calling. Should the threshold be set too low, companies might frequently be subjected to meetings whose effect could be the disruption of normal business operations in order to focus on the interests of only a small minority of owners. Typically we believe this threshold should not fall below 10-15% of shares, depending on company size.
In our evaluation whether to recommend supporting such proposals, we consider the following:
    Company size
 
    Shareholder base in both percentage of ownership and type of shareholder (e.g., hedge fund, activist investor, mutual fund, pension fund, etc.)

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    Responsiveness of board and management to shareholders evidenced by progressive shareholder rights policies (e.g., majority voting, declassifying boards, etc.) and reaction to shareholder proposals
 
    Company performance and steps taken to improve bad performance (e.g., new executives/directors, spin offs, etc.)
 
    Existence of anti-takeover protections or other entrenchment devices
 
    Opportunities for shareholder action (e.g., ability to act by written consent)
 
    Existing ability for shareholders to call a special meeting
Right of Shareholders to Act by Written Consent
Glass Lewis strongly supports shareholders’ right to act by written consent. As with the right to call special meetings, we believe such rights should be limited to, again depending on company size, a minimum of 10-15% of the shareholders requesting action by written consent, to prevent abuse and waste of corporate resources. Again, we believe a lower threshold may leave companies subject to meetings that may disrupt business operations to focus on the interests of a minority of owners. But we will support proposals to allow shareholders to act by written consent without a minimum threshold because shareholders are better off with this right than without it, and the benefit to shareholders outweighs the potential for abuse.
Board Composition
Glass Lewis believes the selection and screening process for identifying suitably qualified candidates for a company’s board of directors is one which requires the judgment of many factors, including the balance of skills and talents, as well as the breadth and diversity of experience of candidates and existing board members.
The diversity of skills, abilities and points of view can foster the development of a more creative and effective board. In general, however, we do not believe that it is in the best interests of shareholders for firms to be beholden to arbitrary rules regarding its board composition. We believe such matters should be left to a board’s nominating committee, which is generally responsible for establishing and implementing policies regarding the composition of the board, and which can be held accountable through their election.
Reimbursement of Solicitation Expenses
Glass Lewis feels that in some circumstances, replacing some or all directors on a company’s board is warranted where the incumbent director or directors have failed in their oversight of management by failing to address continuously poor performance. Where a dissident shareholder is seeking reimbursement for his or her expenses and has received the support of a majority of shareholders, Glass Lewis generally will recommend in favor of reimbursing the dissident for expenses incurred in waging the contest.
In those rare cases where a shareholder has put the shareholder’s own time and money into a successful campaign to unseat a poorly performing director, we feel that the dissident should be entitled to reimbursement of expenses by the company. In such a situation, other shareholders express their agreement by virtue of their majority vote for the dissident and will share in the improved company performance.

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Since contests are expensive and distracting to the management and the board, to avoid encouraging nuisance or agenda-driven contests, we only support the reimbursement of expenses where the dissident has convinced at least a majority of shareholders to support a certain candidate(s).
COMPENSATION
Severance Agreements
As a general rule, Glass Lewis believes that shareholders should not be involved in the approval of individual severance plans. Such matters should be left to the board’s compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through the election of its director members.
However, when proposals are crafted to only require approval if the benefit exceeds 2.99 times the amount of the executive’s base salary plus bonus, Glass Lewis typically supports such requests. Above this threshold, based on the executive’s average annual compensation for the most recent five years, the company can no longer deduct severance payments as an expense, and thus shareholders are deprived of a valuable benefit. We believe that shareholders should be consulted before relinquishing such a right, and that implementing such policies would still leave companies with sufficient freedom to enter into the vast majority of severance arrangements.
Additionally, investors should monitor severance agreements when they are initially put in place. If shareholders initially approved of a severance agreement, it is inappropriate to vote against the compensation committee later on when the severance agreement goes into effect. However, in the absence of a shareholder vote on severance agreements, Glass Lewis will evaluate the role of the compensation committee when the agreement was adopted.
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”)
As noted above, Glass Lewis does not believe shareholders should be involved in the design, negotiation, management or approval of compensation packages. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through their election.
In the case of advisory votes on compensation, however, proposals are typically crafted to allow shareholders a non-binding vote on the company’s executive officers’ compensation and policies. Glass Lewis believes that the advisory vote therefore provides an effective mechanism for enhancing transparency in setting executive pay, improving accountability to shareholders, and providing for a more effective link between pay and performance. Where shareholders believe compensation packages are inappropriately structured, a high negative vote could compel the board to reexamine its compensation practices and act accordingly. While a vote to approve the report will not directly affect the board’s ability to set compensation policy, it will allow shareholders to register their opinions regarding the company’s compensation practices.
While still somewhat nascent, empirical research regarding the effects of advisory votes in certain non-US markets paints a broadly positive picture of the impact of such votes. In particular, a 2004 study for the British Department of Trade and Industry found that the advisory voting requirement has resulted in “a number of well publicized situations where [compensation] committees have changed their policy or practice as a result of direct shareholder voting.” (“Report on the Impact of the Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations.” Deloitte & Touche. 2004). The study also found that the extent to which companies consulted shareholders about compensation practices has greatly increased over the past two years.
Further empirical evidence suggests that CEO compensation in the UK has been more sensitive to negative operating metrics following the introduction of the remuneration report vote than in prior

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periods, indicating a decrease in “rewards for failure”. (Fabrizio Ferri and David Maber. “Say on Pay Vote and CEO Compensation: Evidence from the UK.” SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1169446. June 30, 2008.)
We recognize that criticism has been raised with respect to shareholder advisory votes, such as injecting shareholders too far into compensation decisions and limiting the flexibility of companies to uniquely tailor their compensation policies as they strive to conform to external guidelines. (Laraine S. Rothenberg and Todd S. McCafferty. “‘Say on Pay’: Linking Executive Pay to Performance”. New York Law Journal. September 24, 2008). However, we do not believe these arguments are persuasive since shareholders are already, and increasingly, reviewing all aspects of compensation irrespective of an opportunity to cast an advisory vote on compensation. Indeed, a growing number of institutional investors vote against compensation committee members as a means to express concern or dissatisfaction with companies’ compensation practices. As a result, some of these institutions do not feel the adoption of advisory votes is necessary since they will vote against compensation committee members directly.
Glass Lewis does, however, recognize that the use of advisory compensation votes does not necessarily reduce executive compensation. One recent study that found that executive remuneration in the UK has continued to rise at the same rate as prior to the adoption of say on pay, indicating a general failure to curb executive compensation. (Jeffrey Gordon. “‘Say on Pay’: Cautionary Notes on the UK Experience and the Case for Muddling Through.” Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper No. 336. SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1262867. September 3, 2008). We, however, do not believe that the purpose of an advisory vote on compensation is to “rein in” executive pay. Rather it is to ensure that the remuneration paid to executives is firmly tied to the creation and advancement of long-term shareholder value.
Bonus Recoupments (“Clawbacks”)
Glass Lewis carefully reviews the compensation awarded to senior executives and we believe that senior executives of a company should never receive compensation for performance that was not achieved by the company.
We believe shareholders would be well-served by requiring the board to adopt a more detailed and stringent policy on recouping unearned bonuses, rather than relying on regulatory action such as requirements under Sarbanes Oxley. When examining proposals that require companies to recoup executives’ bonuses paid as a result of faulty accounting, Glass Lewis will first look to see if the company has already adopted a policy to recoup bonuses awarded to senior executives during a restatement, and whether that policy is included in the CEO’s contract. When the board has already committed to a proper course, in our opinion, and their current policy covers the major tenets of the proposal at hand while giving the board adequate flexibility to exercise discretion over these matters, we see no need for further action.
In some instances, shareholder proposals call for board action that may contravene the board’s legal obligations under existing employment agreements with executives. In addition, the board’s ability to exercise its judgment and reasonable discretion on this issue may be excessively limited under such proposals, which may not be warranted, depending on the specific situation of the company in question. We believe it is reasonable that a recoupment policy should only affect senior executives and those directly responsible for the company’s accounting errors.
Where a company is giving a new contract to an executive that does not include a clawback provision and the company has had a material restatement, especially if the restatement was due to fraud, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against the responsible members of the compensation committee. Compensation committee members have an obligation to build in reasonable controls to executive contracts to prevent payments in the case of inappropriate behavior.

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Linking Executive Pay to Social Criteria
We recognize that companies’ involvement in environmentally sensitive and labor-intensive industries influences the degree to which a firm’s overall strategy must weigh environmental and social concerns. However, we also understand that the value generated by incentivizing executives to prioritize environmental and social issues is difficult to quantify and therefore measure, and necessarily varies among industries and companies.
When reviewing such proposals seeking to tie executive compensation to environmental or social practices, we will review the target firm’s compliance with (or violation of) applicable laws and regulations, and examine any history of environmental and social related concerns including those resulting in material investigations, lawsuits, fines and settlements. We will also review the firm’s current compensation policies and practice. However, with respect to executive compensation, Glass Lewis generally believes that such policies should be left to the compensation committee. We view the election of directors, specifically those who sit on the compensation committee, as the appropriate mechanism for shareholders to express their disapproval of board policy on this issue.
ENVIRONMENT
When management and the board have displayed disregard for environmental risks, have engaged in egregious or illegal conduct, or have failed to adequately respond to current or imminent environmental risks that threaten shareholder value, we believe shareholders should hold directors accountable when they face reelection. We believe it is prudent for management to assess its potential exposure to all risks, including environmental and regulations pertaining thereto and incorporate this information into its overall business risk profile.
Glass Lewis recognizes the significant financial, legal and reputational risks to companies resulting from poor environmental practices or negligent oversight thereof. We believe part of the board’s role is to ensure that management conducts a complete risk analysis of company operations, including those that have environmental implications. Further, directors should monitor management’s performance in mitigating the environmental risks attendant with relevant operations in order to eliminate or minimize the risks to the company and shareholders.
While Glass Lewis recognizes that most environmental concerns are best addressed via avenues other than proxy proposals, when a substantial environmental risk has been ignored or inadequately addressed, we may recommend voting against responsible members of the governance committee. In some cases, we may recommend voting against all directors who were on the board when the substantial risk arose, was ignored, or was not mitigated.
Climate Change and Green House Gas Emission Disclosure Proposals
Glass Lewis will consider recommending a vote in favor of a reasonable shareholder proposal to disclose a company’s climate change and/or green house gas emission approaches when (i) a company has encountered problems such as lawsuits and/or government investigations or investors have established a link to impact on shareholder value from climate change and/or green house gas emission regulations, and (ii) the company has failed to adequately disclose how it has addressed these problems. We will examine such proposals in light of requests made to the company for additional information, its response and whether there is a reasonable case as to the negative implications to shareholders and the company.

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With respect to climate risk, Glass Lewis believes companies should actively consider their exposure to:
Direct environmental risk: Companies should evaluate their financial exposure to a potential rise in sea levels, increased wildfires and extreme weather, reduced air quality, water availability and public health problems brought on by higher temperatures.
Risk due to legislation/regulation: We believe companies, and particularly those operating in carbon-intensive industries, should evaluate their exposure to a potential increase or shift in environmental regulation with respect to their operations.
Legal and reputational risk: As has been seen relating to other environmental, social and governance matters, failure to take action may carry the risk of damaging negative publicity and potentially costly litigation.
As such, Glass Lewis will consider recommending a vote in favor of a reasonable proposal to disclose a company’s climate change and/or greenhouse gas emission strategies when (i) a company has suffered financial impact from reputational damage, lawsuits and/or government investigations, (ii) there is a strong link between climate change and/or its resultant regulation and shareholder value at the firm, and (iii) the company has failed to adequately disclose how it has addressed these risks.
Sustainability
With respect to shareholder proposals requesting that a firm produce a sustainability report, when evaluating these requests we will consider, among other things:
    The financial risk to the company from the firm’s environmental practices and/or regulation;
 
    The relevant company’s current level of disclosure;
 
    The level of sustainability information disclosed by the firm’s peers;
 
    The industry in which the firm operates;
 
    The level and type of sustainability concerns/controversies at the relevant firm, if any;
 
    The time frame within which the relevant report is to be produced; and
 
    The level of flexibility granted to the board in the implementation of the proposal.
Sustainable Forestry
Sustainable forestry provides for the long-term sustainable management and use of trees and other non-timber forest products. Retaining the economic viability of forests is one of the tenets of sustainable forestry, along with encouraging more responsible corporate use of forests. Sustainable land use and the effective management of land are viewed by some shareholders as important in light of the impact of climate change. Forestry certification has emerged as a way that corporations can address prudent forest management. There are currently several primary certification schemes such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (“SFI”) and the Forest Stewardship Council (“FSC”).
There are nine main principles that comprise the SFI: (i) sustainable forestry; (ii) responsible practices; (iii) reforestation and productive capacity; (iv) forest health and productivity; (v) long-term forest and soil productivity; (vi) protection of water resources; (vii) protection of special sites and biodiversity; (viii) legal compliance; and (ix) continual improvement.
The FSC adheres to ten basic principles: (i) compliance with laws and FSC principles; (ii) tenure and use rights and responsibilities; (iii) indigenous peoples’ rights; (iv) community relations and workers’ rights;

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(v) benefits from the forest; (vi) environmental impact; (vii) management plan; (viii) monitoring and assessment; (ix) maintenance of high conservation value forests; and (x) plantations.
Shareholder proposals regarding sustainable forestry have typically requested that the firm comply with the above SFI or FSC principles as well as to assess the feasibility of phasing out the use of uncertified fiber and increasing the use of certified fiber. We will evaluate target firms’ current mix of certified and uncertified paper and the firms’ general approach to sustainable forestry practices, both absolutely and relative to its peers but will only support proposals of this nature when we believe that the proponent has clearly demonstrated that the implementation of this proposal is clearly linked to an increase in shareholder value.
SOCIAL ISSUES
Non-Discrimination Policies
Where there is clear evidence of employment practices resulting in significant negative economic exposure to the company, Glass Lewis will support shareholder proposals that seek to address labor policies, such as shareholder proposals calling for increased disclosure of labor policies and of steps a company has taken to mitigate the risks associated with those policies.
Glass Lewis recognizes that companies with a record of poor labor relations or treatment of its workers can face risks, such as employee lawsuits, poor employee work performance and turnover, and regulatory investigations. Glass Lewis will hold directors accountable for company decisions related to labor and employment problems.
As risk associated with sensitive issues such as EEO policies and investigations of discrimination have the potential to directly affect shareholder value, we believe shareholders should closely monitor the company’s policies regarding these issues. As an increasing number of peer companies adopt inclusive EEO policies, companies without comprehensive policies may face damaging recruitment, reputational and, potentially, legal risks. We recognize that the theoretical increase in, or protection of, shareholder value resulting from inclusive employment policies may be difficult, if not impossible, to identify or measure.
However, we believe that a pattern of making financial settlements as a result of lawsuits based on discrimination could indicate exposure to findings of discriminatory employment practices. As such, shareholders could, in some instances, benefit from codifying nondiscriminatory policies.
MacBride Principles
To promote peace, justice and equality regarding employment in Northern Ireland, Dr. Sean MacBride, founder of Amnesty International and Nobel Peace laureate, proposed the following equal opportunity employment principles:
1. Increasing the representation of individuals from underrepresented religious groups in the workforce including managerial, supervisory, administrative, clerical and technical jobs;
2. Adequate security for the protection of minority employees both at the workplace and while traveling to and from work;
3. The banning of provocative religious or political emblems from the workplace;
4. All job openings should be publicly advertised and special recruitment efforts should be made to attract applicants from underrepresented religious groups;

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5. Layoff, recall, and termination procedures should not, in practice, favor particular religious groupings;
6. The abolition of job reservations, apprenticeship restrictions, and differential employment criteria, which discriminate on the basis of religion or ethnic origin;
7. The development of training programs that will prepare substantial numbers of current minority employees for skilled jobs, including the expansion of existing programs and the creation of new programs to train, upgrade, and improve the skills of minority employees;
8. The establishment of procedures to assess, identify and actively recruit minority employees with potential for further advancement; and
9. The appointment of senior management staff member to oversee the company’s affirmative action efforts and setting up of timetables to carry out affirmative action principles.
Proposals requesting the implementation of the above principles are typically proposed at firms that operate, or maintain subsidiaries that operate, in Northern Ireland. In each case, we will examine the company’s current equal employment opportunity policy and the extent to which the company has been subject to protests, fines, or litigation regarding discrimination in the workplace, if any. Further, we will examine any evidence of the firm’s specific record of labor concerns in Northern Ireland.
Human Rights
Glass Lewis believes explicit policies set out by companies’ boards of directors on human rights provides shareholders with the means to evaluate whether the company has taken steps to mitigate risks from its human rights practices. As such, we believe that it is prudent for firms to actively evaluate risks to shareholder value stemming from global activities and human rights practices along entire supply chains. Findings and investigations of human rights abuses can inflict, at a minimum, reputational damage on targeted companies and have the potential to dramatically reduce shareholder value. This is particularly true for companies operating in emerging market countries in extractive industries and in politically unstable regions.
As such, while we typically rely on the expertise of the board on these important policy issues, we recognize that, in some instances, shareholders could benefit from increased reporting or further codification of human rights policies.
Military and US Government Business Policies
Glass Lewis believes that disclosure to shareholders of information on key company endeavors is important. However, we generally do not support resolutions that call for shareholder approval of policy statements for or against government programs, most of which are subject to thorough review by the federal government and elected officials at the national level. We also do not support proposals favoring disclosure of information where such disclosure is already mandated by law, unless circumstances exist that warrant the extra disclosure.
Foreign Government Business Policies
Where a corporation operates in a foreign country, Glass Lewis believes that the company and board should maintain sufficient controls to prevent illegal or egregious conduct with the potential to decrease shareholder value, examples of which include bribery, money laundering, severe environmental violations or proven human rights violations. We believe that shareholders should hold board members, and in particular members of the audit committee and CEO, accountable for these issues when they face reelection, as these concerns may subject the company to financial risk such as fines for violating

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the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In some instances, we will support appropriately crafted shareholder proposals specifically addressing concerns with the target firm’s actions outside its home jurisdiction.
Health Care Reform Principles
Health care reform in the United States has long been a contentious political issue and Glass Lewis therefore believes firms must evaluate and mitigate the level of risk to which they may be exposed regarding potential changes in health care legislation. In 2009, Glass Lewis reviewed multiple shareholder proposals requesting that boards adopt principles for comprehensive health reform, such as the following based upon principles reported by the Institute of Medicine:
    Health care coverage should be universal;
 
    Health care coverage should be continuous;
 
    Health care coverage should be affordable to individuals and families;
 
    The health insurance strategy should be affordable and sustainable for society; and
 
    Health insurance should enhance health and well-being by promoting access to high-quality care that is effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered and equitable.
Given the current national debate regarding health care, we typically believe that individual board rooms are not the appropriate forum in which to address evolving and contentious national policy issues. The adoption of a narrow set of principles could limit the board’s ability to comply with new regulation or to appropriately and flexibly respond to health care issues as they arise. As such, barring a compelling reason to the contrary, we typically do not support the implementation of national health care reform principles at the company level.
Tobacco
Glass Lewis recognizes the contentious nature of the production, procurement, marketing and selling of tobacco. However, we typically do not support proposals requesting that firms shift away from, or significantly alter, the legal production or marketing of core products. We also recognize that tobacco companies are particularly susceptible to reputational and regulatory risk due to the nature of its operations. As such, we will consider supporting uniquely tailored and appropriately crafted shareholder proposals requesting increased information or the implementation of suitably broad policies at target firms on a case-by-case basis.
Reporting Contributions and Political Spending
Glass Lewis believes that disclosure of how a company uses its funds is an important component of corporate accountability to shareholders. In our view, a rigorous oversight process can minimize a company’s exposure to legal, reputational and financial risk by ensuring that corporate assets are used to enhance shareholder value in accordance with federal and state law, consistent with a company’s stated values, and the long-term interests of the company.
While corporate contributions to national political parties and committees controlled by federal officeholders are prohibited under federal law, corporations can legally donate to state and local candidates, organizations registered under 26 USC Sec. 527 of the Internal Revenue Code and state-level political committees. There is, however, no standardized manner in which companies must disclose this information. As such, shareholders often must search through numerous campaign finance reports and detailed tax documents to ascertain even limited information. Corporations also frequently join trade associations, generally paying dues to do so, as a means for corporate political action. However,

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trade associations are neither required to report funds they receive for nor spend on political activity. Therefore, the tracking of corporate expenditures to political causes through trade associations can be impossible, often leaving corporations unable to determine for themselves which causes or campaigns their dues or donations have gone to support. Since not all donations to trade organizations are used strictly for political purposes, we question how corporations are able to assess the efficacy of such donations or determine the effect of such expenditure on long-term shareholder value.
Further, the empirical evidence regarding the benefit to shareholders of corporate political contributions remains unclear. In one study of firm-level contributions to U.S. political campaigns from 1979 to 2004, researchers found that measures of support to candidates were positively and significantly correlated with a cross-section of future returns. This was especially the case when those contributions went to a large number of candidates in the same state as the contributing firm (Michael J. Cooper, Huseyin Gulen and Alexei V. Ovtchinnikov. “Corporate Political Contributions and Stock Returns.” SSRN. September 26, 2008). However, in a separate study of political contributions from 1991 to 2004, researchers found donations to be negatively correlated with future excess returns with only limited support for the contention that political donations represent an investment in political capital (Rajash K. Aggarwal, Felix Meschke and Tracy Yue Wang. “Corporate Political Contributions: Investment or Agency?” SSRN. August 11, 2008).
Given that political donations are strategic decisions intended to increase shareholder value and have the potential to negatively affect the company, we believe the board should either implement processes and procedures to ensure the proper use of the funds or closely evaluate the process and procedures used by management. At least one study found that close board oversight of lobbying strategies may minimize instances of the company contributing to causes that are not in shareholders best interests (Robert Repetto. “Best Practice in Internal Oversight of Lobbying Practice”. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. September 1, 2006).
When evaluating whether the report requested would benefit shareholders, Glass Lewis seeks answers to the following three key questions:
    Is the Company’s disclosure comprehensive and readily accessible?
 
    How does the Company’s political expenditure policy and disclosure compare to its peers?
 
    What is the Company’s current level of oversight?
Glass Lewis will consider supporting a proposal seeking increased disclosure of corporate political expenditure and contributions if the firm’s current disclosure is insufficient, is lacking compared to its peers, and where there is inadequate board oversight, evidenced by some evidence or credible allegation that the Company is mismanaging corporate funds through political donations or has a record of doing so. We will, in each case, consider the merits of the proposal in the context of relevant company. If Glass Lewis discovers particularly egregious actions by the company, we will consider recommending voting against the governance committee members or other responsible directors.
Animal Welfare
Glass Lewis believes that it is prudent for management to assess potential exposure to regulatory, legal and reputational risks associated with all business practices including those related to animal welfare; failure to take action on certain issues may carry the risk of fines and damaging negative publicity. A high profile campaign launched against a company could result in shareholder action, a reduced customer base, protests and potentially costly litigation.

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However, in general, we believe that the board and management are in the best position to determine policies relating to the care and use of animals. As such, we will typically vote against proposals seeking to eliminate or limit board discretion regarding animal welfare unless there is a clear and documented link between the board’s policies and the degradation of shareholder value.

For more information about
Glass Lewis’ policies
or approach to proxy analysis,
please visit
www.glasslewis.com
or contact
Chief Policy Officer
Robert McCormick at +1 415 678-4228

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(GRAPHIC)
San Francisco Headquarters Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC One Sansome Street Suite 3300 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: +1 415-678-4110 Tel: +1 888-800-7001 Fax: +1 415-357-0200 New York Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC 48 Wall Street 28th Floor New York, N.Y. 10005 Tel: +1 212-797-3777 Fax: +1 212-980-4716
Australia CGI Glass Lewis Suite 2, Level 5 80 Clarence Street Sydney NSW 2001 Australia Tel: +61 2 9299 9266 Fax: +61 2 9299 1866 France Glass Lewis International, Ltd. 27 rue Monge 75005 Paris France Tel: +33 9 54 88 99 10 Fax: +33 1 77 72 26 27 Japan Glass Lewis Japan K.K. Kabuto-cho No. 2 Bldg., 6F 9-2 Nihonbashi, Kabuto-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0026 Japan Tel/Fax: +81 03-6273-8647 Please direct general inquiries to info@glasslewis.com

 


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LAUDUS TRUST
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
LAUDUS GROWTH INVESTORS U.S. LARGE CAP GROWTH FUND — LGILX
July 29, 2010
The Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the fund’s prospectus dated July 29, 2010. To obtain a free copy of the prospectus, please contact Laudus Trust at P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266 or visit the fund’s website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
The Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund (the “fund”) is a series of the Laudus Trust (the “Trust”). The fund’s audited financial statements from the fund’s annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010 are incorporated by reference into this SAI. A copy of the fund’s 2010 annual report is delivered with this SAI. You also can get a copy of the annual report without charge by contacting the fund at 1.800.447.3332 (Retail Investors) or 1.866.452.8387 (Registered Investment Professionals) or visiting the fund’s website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES, SECURITIES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
     Notice on Shareholder Approval. Unless otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or this Statement of Additional Information, the investment objective and policies of the fund may be changed without shareholder approval. The following investment policies, securities, strategies, risks and limitations supplement those set forth in the Prospectus and may be changed without shareholder approval unless otherwise noted. Also, except with respect to limitations on borrowing and futures and option contracts, policies and limitations that state a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in a security or other asset, or that set forth a quality standard, shall be measured immediately after and as a result of the fund’s acquisition of such security or asset unless otherwise noted. Thus, any subsequent change in values, net assets or other circumstances does not require the fund to sell an investment if it could not then make the same investment.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
     The fund seeks long-term capital appreciation. There is no guarantee the fund will achieve its objective.
FUND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
     Under normal circumstances, the fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in equity securities of U.S. large capitalization companies. The fund defines large capitalization companies as those with a market capitalization of at least $3 billion at the time of investment. In addition, up to 20% of the fund’s net assets may be invested in foreign equity securities. Investments in equity securities include common stock and preferred stock. The fund may, but is not required to, use derivative instruments (“Derivatives”) for risk management purposes or as part of the fund’s investment strategies. Generally, Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends upon, or is derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate, or index, and may relate to stocks, bonds, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates, and related indexes. The principal types of Derivatives used by the fund include options, futures and forward currency agreements. The fund may use Derivatives to earn income and enhance returns, to manage or adjust the risk profile of the fund, to replace more traditional direct investments, or to obtain exposure to certain markets. The fund will notify shareholders at least 60 days prior to any change in its policy of investing at least 80% of its net assets (plus borrowings for investment purposes, if any) in equity securities of U.S. large capitalization companies.
     In deciding whether an investment is tied to the U.S., the fund’s subadviser considers a number of factors including whether the investment is issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies; the investment has its primary trading market in the U.S.; the issuer is organized under the laws of, derives at least 50% of its revenues from, or has at least 50% of its assets in, the U.S.; the investment is included in an index representative of the U.S.; and the investment is exposed to the economic fortunes and risks of the U.S.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
          The different types of investments that the fund typically may invest in, the investment techniques it may use and the risks normally associated with these investments are discussed below. The fund will make investments that are intended to help achieve its investment objective.
BANKERS’ ACCEPTANCES or notes are credit instruments evidencing a bank’s obligation to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the full amount of the instrument upon maturity. The fund will invest only in bankers’ acceptances of banks that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in the aggregate in excess of $100 million.
BORROWING. The fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes; for example, the fund may borrow at times to meet redemption requests rather than sell portfolio securities to raise the necessary cash. The fund’s borrowings will be

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subject to interest costs. Borrowing can also involve leveraging when securities are purchased with the borrowed money. Leveraging creates interest expenses that can exceed the income from the assets purchased with the borrowed money. In addition, leveraging may magnify changes in the net asset value of the fund’s shares and in its portfolio yield. The fund will earmark or segregate assets to cover such borrowings in accordance with positions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). If assets used to secure a borrowing decrease in value, the fund may be required to pledge additional collateral to avoid liquidation of those assets.
The fund may establish lines-of-credit (“lines”) with certain banks by which it may borrow funds for temporary or emergency purposes. A borrowing is presumed to be for temporary or emergency purposes if it is repaid by the fund within 60 days and is not extended or renewed. The fund may use the lines to meet large or unexpected redemptions that would otherwise force the fund to liquidate securities under circumstances which are unfavorable to the fund’s remaining shareholders. The fund will pay a fee to the bank for using the lines.
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT or time deposits are issued against funds deposited in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. The fund will invest only in certificates of deposit of banks that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in the aggregate in excess of $100 million.
COMMERCIAL PAPER consists of short term, promissory notes issued by banks, corporations and other institutions to finance short term credit needs. These securities generally are discounted but sometimes may be interest bearing. Commercial paper, which also may be unsecured, is subject to credit risk.
CREDIT AND LIQUIDITY supports may be employed by issuers to reduce the credit risk of their securities. Credit supports include letters of credit, insurance, total return and credit swap agreements and guarantees provided by foreign and domestic entities. Liquidity supports include puts and demand features. Most of these arrangements move the credit risk of an investment from the issuer of the security to the support provider. Changes in the credit quality of a support provider could cause losses to the fund, and affect its share price.
DEBT SECURITIES are obligations issued by domestic and foreign entities, including governments and corporations, in order to raise money. They are basically “IOUs,” but are commonly referred to as bonds or money market securities. These securities normally require the issuer to pay a fixed, variable or floating rate of interest on the amount of money borrowed (“principal”) until it is paid back upon maturity.
Debt securities experience price changes when interest rates change. For example, when interest rates fall, the prices of debt securities generally rise. Also, issuers tend to pre-pay their outstanding debts and issue new ones paying lower interest rates. This is especially true for bonds with sinking fund provisions, which commit the issuer to set aside a certain amount of money to cover timely repayment of principal and typically allow the issuer to annually repurchase certain of its outstanding bonds from the open market or at a pre-set call price.
Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, prepayment on outstanding debt securities generally will not occur. This is known as extension risk and may cause the value of debt securities to depreciate as a result of the higher market interest rates. Typically, longer-maturity securities react to interest rate changes more severely than shorter-term securities (all things being equal), but generally offer greater rates of interest.
Debt securities also are subject to the risk that the issuers will not make timely interest and/or principal payments or fail to make them at all. This is called credit risk. Corporate debt securities (“bonds”) tend to have higher credit risk generally than U.S. government debt securities. Debt instruments also may be subject to price volatility due to market perception of future interest rates, the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (market risk). Investment-grade debt securities are considered medium- or/and high-quality securities, although some still possess varying degrees of speculative characteristics and risks. Debt securities rated below investment-grade are riskier, but may offer higher yields. These securities are sometimes referred to as high yield securities or “junk bonds.”
The market for these securities has historically been less liquid than investment grade securities.

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DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS include purchasing and selling securities on a delayed-delivery or when-issued basis. These transactions involve a commitment to buy or sell specific securities at a predetermined price or yield, with payment and delivery taking place after the customary settlement period for that type of security. When purchasing securities on a delayed-delivery basis, the fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership, including the risk of price and yield fluctuations. Typically, no interest will accrue to the purchaser until the security is delivered. The fund will earmark or segregate appropriate liquid assets to cover its delayed-delivery purchase obligations. When the fund sells a security on a delayed-delivery basis, it does not participate in further gains or losses with respect to that security. If the other party to a delayed-delivery transaction fails to deliver or pay for the securities, the fund could suffer losses.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS include American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) as well as other “hybrid” forms of ADRs, including European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs), and are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of a foreign issuer. Depositary receipts may be sponsored or unsponsored. These certificates are issued by depository banks and generally trade on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. The underlying shares are held in trust by a custodian bank or similar financial institution in the issuer’s home country. The depository bank may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. ADRs are alternatives to directly purchasing the underlying foreign securities in their national markets and currencies. However, ADRs continue to be subject to many of the risks associated with investing directly in foreign securities.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may subject the fund to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, withholding taxes on income or possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuation in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices different from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally speaking, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the United States.
Although the two types of depositary receipt facilities (unsponsored or sponsored) are similar, there are differences regarding a holder’s rights and obligations and the practices of market participants. A depository may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by (or acquiescence of) the underlying issuer; typically, however, the depository requests a letter of non-objection from the underlying issuer prior to establishing the facility. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon the deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. The depository of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the underlying issuer or to pass through voting rights to depositary receipt holders with respect to the underlying securities.
Sponsored depositary receipt facilities are created in generally the same manner as unsponsored facilities, except that sponsored depositary receipts are established jointly by a depository and the underlying issuer through a deposit agreement. The deposit agreement sets out the rights and responsibilities of the underlying issuer, the depository, and the depositary receipt holders. With sponsored facilities, the underlying issuer typically bears some of the costs of the depositary receipts (such as dividend payment fees of the depository), although most sponsored depositary receipts holders may bear costs such as deposit and withdrawal fees. Depositories of most sponsored depositary receipts agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings, voting instructions, and other shareholder communications and information to the depositary receipt holders at the underlying issuer’s request. The fund may invest in ADRs as part of its principal investment strategy.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS are commonly defined to include securities or contracts whose values depend on (or “derive” from) the value of one or more other assets such as securities, currencies or commodities. These “other assets”

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are commonly referred to as “underlying assets.” The fund may use derivative instruments as part of its principal investment strategy.
A derivative instrument generally consists of, is based upon, or exhibits characteristics similar to options or forward contracts. Options and forward contracts are considered to be the basic “building blocks” of derivatives. For example, forward-based derivatives include forward contracts, as well as exchange-traded futures. Option-based derivatives include privately negotiated, over-the-counter (OTC) options (including caps, floors, collars, and options on forward and swap contracts) and exchange-traded options on futures. Diverse types of derivatives may be created by combining options or forward contracts in different ways, and applying these structures to a wide range of underlying assets.
Risk management strategies include investment techniques designed to facilitate the sale of portfolio securities, manage the average duration of the portfolio or create or alter exposure to certain asset classes, such as equity, other debt or foreign securities.
In addition to the derivative instruments and strategies described in this SAI, the Investment Adviser (as defined below) or Subadviser expects to discover additional derivative instruments and other hedging or risk management techniques. The Investment Adviser or Subadviser may utilize these new derivative instruments and techniques to the extent that they are consistent with the fund’s investment objective and permitted by the fund’s investment limitations, operating policies, and applicable regulatory authorities.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS (“ETFs”) such as Standard and Poor’s Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”) Trust, are investment companies that typically are registered under the 1940 Act as open-end funds or unit investment trusts (“UITs”). ETFs are actively traded on national securities exchanges and are generally based on specific domestic and foreign market indices. Shares of an ETF may be bought and sold throughout the day at market prices, which may be higher or lower than the shares’ net asset value. An “index-based ETF” seeks to track the performance of an index holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. Because ETFs are based on an underlying basket of stocks or an index, they are subject to the same market fluctuations as these types of securities in volatile market swings. ETFs, like mutual funds, have expenses associated with their operation, including advisory fees. When the fund invests in an ETF, in addition to directly bearing expenses associated with its own operations, it will bear a pro rata portion of the ETF’s expenses. As with any exchange listed security, ETF shares purchased in the secondary market are subject to customary brokerage charges. Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission to iShares and procedures approved by the fund’s Board of Trustees, the fund may invest in iShares beyond the limits set forth in Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act, provided that the fund has described exchange-traded fund investments in its prospectuses and otherwise complies with the conditions of the exemptive order and other applicable investment limitations.
EQUITY LINKED SECURITIES. The fund may invest a portion of their assets in equity linked securities. Equity linked securities are privately issued derivative securities which have a return component based on the performance of a single security, a basket of securities, or an index. Equity linked securities are primarily used by the fund as an alternative means to more efficiently and effectively access the securities market of what is generally an emerging country. To the extent that the fund invests in equity linked securities whose return corresponds to the performance of a foreign securities index or one or more of foreign stocks, investing in equity linked securities will involve risks similar to the risks of investing in foreign securities. See “Foreign Securities” below.
The fund deposits an amount of cash with its custodian (or broker, if legally permitted) in an amount near or equal to the selling price of the underlying security in exchange for an equity linked security. Upon sale, the fund receives cash from the broker or custodian equal to the value of the underlying security. Aside from the market risk associated with the underlying security, there is the risk of default by the other party to the transaction. In the event of insolvency of the other party, the fund might be unable to obtain its expected benefit. In addition, while the fund will seek to enter into such transactions only with parties which are capable of entering into closing transactions with the fund, there can be no assurance that the fund will be able to close out such a transaction with the other party or obtain an offsetting position

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with any other party, at any time prior to the end of the term of the underlying agreement. This may impair the fund’s ability to enter into other transactions at a time when doing so might be advantageous.
Equity linked securities are often used for many of the same purposes as, and share many of the same risks with, derivative instruments such as options. See “Options” below. Equity linked securities may be considered illiquid and thus subject to the fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. In some instances, investments in equity linked securities may also be subject to the fund’s limitations on investing in investment companies; see “Investment Company Securities” below.
EQUITY SECURITIES represent ownership interests in a company, and are commonly called “stocks.” The fund invests in equity securities as part of its principal investment strategy. Equity securities historically have outperformed most other securities, although their prices can fluctuate based on changes in a company’s financial condition, market conditions and political, economic or even company-specific news. When a stock’s price declines, its market value is lowered even though the intrinsic value of the company may not have changed. Sometimes factors, such as economic conditions or political events, affect the value of stocks of companies of the same or similar industry or group of industries, and may affect the entire stock market.
Types of equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, convertible securities, warrants, ADRs, EDRs, GDRs, and interests in real estate investment trusts, (for more information on real estate investment trusts, “REITs”, see section entitled “Real Estate Investment Trusts”).
Common stocks, which are probably the most recognized type of equity security, represent an equity or ownership interest in an issuer and usually entitle the owner to voting rights in the election of the corporation’s directors and any other matters submitted to the corporation’s shareholders for voting, as well as to receive dividends on such stock. The market value of common stock can fluctuate widely, as it reflects increases and decreases in an issuer’s earnings. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of bond owners, other debt holders and owners of preferred stock take precedence over the claims of common stock owners.
Preferred stocks represent an equity or ownership interest in an issuer but do not ordinarily carry voting rights, though they may carry limited voting rights. Preferred stocks normally have preference over the corporation’s assets and earnings, however. For example, preferred stocks have preference over common stock in the payment of dividends. Preferred stocks normally pay dividends at a specified rate. However, preferred stock may be purchased where the issuer has omitted, or is in danger of omitting, payment of its dividend. Such investments would be made primarily for their capital appreciation potential. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of bond owners take precedence over the claims of preferred and common stock owners. Certain classes of preferred stock are convertible into shares of common stock of the issuer. By holding convertible preferred stock, the fund can receive a steady stream of dividends and still have the option to convert the preferred stock to common stock. Preferred stock is subject to many of the same risks as common stock and debt securities.
Convertible securities are typically preferred stocks or bonds that are exchangeable for a specific number of another form of security (usually the issuer’s common stock) at a specified price or ratio. A convertible security generally entitles the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on bonds or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. A company may issue a convertible security that is subject to redemption after a specified date, and usually under certain circumstances. A holder of a convertible security that is called for redemption would be required to tender it for redemption to the issuer, convert it to the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. The convertible structure allows the holder of the convertible bond to participate in share price movements in the company’s common stock. The actual return on a convertible bond may exceed its stated yield if the company’s common stock appreciates in value and the option to convert to common stocks becomes more valuable.

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Convertible securities typically pay a lower interest rate than nonconvertible bonds of the same quality and maturity because of the convertible feature. Convertible securities are also rated below investment grade (“high yield”) or are not rated, and are subject to credit risk.
Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics and risks similar to nonconvertible debt and equity securities. In addition, convertible securities are often concentrated in economic sectors, which, like the stock market in general, may experience unpredictable declines in value, as well as periods of poor performance, which may last for several years. There may be a small trading market for a particular convertible security at any given time, which may adversely impact market price and the fund’s ability to liquidate a particular security or respond to an economic event, including deterioration of an issuer’s creditworthiness.
Convertible preferred stocks are nonvoting equity securities that pay a fixed dividend. These securities have a convertible feature similar to convertible bonds, but do not have a maturity date. Due to their fixed income features, convertible securities provide higher income potential than the issuer’s common stock, but typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes than the underlying common stock. In the event of a company’s liquidation, bondholders have claims on company assets senior to those of shareholders; preferred shareholders have claims senior to those of common shareholders.
Convertible securities typically trade at prices above their conversion value, which is the current market value of the common stock received upon conversion, because of their higher yield potential than the underlying common stock. The difference between the conversion value and the price of a convertible security will vary depending on the value of the underlying common stock and interest rates. When the underlying value of the common stocks declines, the price of the issuer’s convertible securities will tend not to fall as much because the convertible security’s income potential will act as a price support. While the value of a convertible security also tends to rise when the underlying common stock value rises, it will not rise as much because their conversion value is more narrow. The value of convertible securities also is affected by changes in interest rates. For example, when interest rates fall, the value of convertible securities may rise because of their fixed income component.
Warrants are types of securities usually issued with bonds and preferred stock that entitle the holder to purchase a proportionate amount of common stock at a specified price for a specific period of time. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of the underlying common stock. Warrants have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer. If a warrant is not exercised within the specified time period, it will become worthless and the fund will lose the purchase price it paid for the warrant and the right to purchase the underlying security.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING. The fund may purchase shares issued as part of, or a short period after, a company’s initial public offering (“IPOs”), and may at times dispose of those shares shortly after their acquisition. The fund’s purchase of shares issued in IPOs exposes it to the risks associated with companies that have little operating history as public companies, as well as to the risks inherent in those sectors of the market where these new issuers operate. The market for IPO issuers has been volatile, and share prices of newly-public companies have fluctuated significantly over short periods of time.
MASTER LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS (“MLPS”). MLPs are limited partnerships in which the common units are publicly traded. MLP common units are freely traded on a securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market and are generally registered with the SEC. MLPs often own several properties or businesses (or own interests) that are related to real estate development and oil and gas industries, but they also may finance motion pictures, research and development and other projects. MLPs generally have two classes of owners, the general partner and limited partners. The general partner is typically owned by a major energy company, an investment fund, the direct management of the MLP or is an entity owned by one or more of such parties. The general partner may be structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner typically controls the operations and management of the MLP through an up to 2% equity interest in the MLP plus, in many cases, ownership of common units and subordinated units. Limited

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partners own the remainder of the partnership, through ownership of common units, and have a limited role, if any, in the partnership’s operations and management.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general partner interests have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to an established minimum amount (“minimum quarterly distributions”). Common and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in distributions to the extent the minimum quarterly distribution is not paid. Once common and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated units receive distributions of up to the minimum quarterly distribution; however, subordinated units do not accrue arrearages. Distributable cash in excess of the minimum quarterly distribution paid to both common and subordinated units is distributed to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also eligible to receive incentive distributions if the general partner operates the business in a manner that results in distributions paid per common unit surpassing specified target levels. As the general partner increases cash distributions to the limited partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier where it receives 50% of every incremental dollar paid to common and subordinated unit holders. These incentive distributions are intended to encourage the general partner to streamline costs, increase capital expenditures and acquire assets in order to increase the partnership’s cash flow and raise the quarterly cash distribution in order to reach higher tiers. Such results are intended to benefit all security holders of the MLP, however, such incentive distribution payments give rise to potential conflicts of interest between the common unit holders and the general partner.
MLP common units represent a limited partnership interest in the MLP. Common units are listed and traded on U.S. securities exchanges or over-the-counter, with their value fluctuating predominantly based on prevailing market conditions and the success of the MLP. The fund may purchase common units in market transactions as well as directly from the MLP or other parties in private placements. Unlike owners of common stock of a corporation, owners of common units have limited voting rights and have no ability to annually elect directors. MLPs generally distribute all available cash flow (cash flow from operations less maintenance capital expenditures) in the form of quarterly distributions. Common units, along with general partner units, have first priority to receive quarterly cash distributions up to the minimum quarterly distribution and have arrearage rights. In the event of liquidation, common units have preference over subordinated units, but not debt or preferred units, to the remaining assets of the MLP.
MLP subordinated units are typically issued by MLPs to their original sponsors, such as their founders, corporate general partners of MLPs, entities that sell assets to the MLP, and investors. Subordinated units may be purchased directly from these persons as well as newly-issued subordinated units from MLPs themselves. Subordinated units have similar voting rights as common units and are generally not publicly traded. Once the minimum quarterly distribution on the common units, including any arrearages, has been paid, subordinated units receive cash distributions up to the minimum quarterly distribution prior to any incentive payments to the MLP’s general partner. Unlike common units, subordinated units do not have arrearage rights. In the event of liquidation, common units and general partner interests have priority over subordinated units. Subordinated units are typically converted into common units on a one-to-one basis after certain time periods and/or performance targets have been satisfied. The purchase or sale price of subordinated units is generally tied to the common unit price less a discount. The size of the discount varies depending on the likelihood of conversion, the length of time remaining to conversion, the size of the block purchased relative to trading volumes, and other factors, including smaller capitalization partnerships or companies potentially having limited product lines, markets or financial resources, lacking management depth or experience, and being more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic development than larger more established companies.
General partner interests of MLPs are typically retained by an MLP’s original sponsors, such as its founders, corporate partners, entities that sell assets to the MLP and investors. A holder of general partner interests can be liable under certain circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the holder’s investment in the general partner interest. General partner interests often confer direct board participation rights and in many cases, operating control, over the MLP. These interests themselves are not publicly traded, although they may be owned by publicly traded entities. General partner interests receive cash distributions, typically 2% of the MLP’s aggregate cash distributions, which are contractually defined in the partnership agreement. In addition, holders of general partner interests typically hold incentive distribution

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rights, which provide them with a larger share of the aggregate MLP cash distributions as the distributions to limited partner unit holders are increased to prescribed levels. General partner interests generally cannot be converted into common units. The general partner interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unitholders choose to remove the general partner, typically with a supermajority vote by limited partner unitholders.
Additional risks involved with investing in a MLP are risks associated with the specific industry or industries in which the partnership invests, such as the risks of investing in real estate, or oil and gas industries.
Certain MLPs are dependent on their parent companies or sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by a MLP’s parents or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would impact the MLP’s revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
FIXED TIME DEPOSITS are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties, which vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party, although there is no market for such deposits. The fund will not invest in fixed time deposits, which (1) are not subject to prepayment or (2) provide for withdrawal penalties upon prepayment (other than overnight deposits) if, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in such deposits, repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days and other illiquid assets.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. As part of its principal investment strategy, the fund may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options and may engage in foreign currency transactions either on a spot (cash) basis at the rate prevailing in the currency exchange market at the time or through forward currency contracts (“forwards”) with terms generally of less than one year. The fund may engage in these transactions in order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future foreign exchange rates in the purchase and sale of securities.
The fund may also use foreign currency options and foreign currency forward contracts to increase exposure to a foreign currency or to shift exposure to foreign currency fluctuations from one country to another (as in cross hedging, see below). The fund will earmark or segregate assets for any open positions in forwards used for non-hedging purposes and mark to market daily as may be required under the federal securities laws.
A forward involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts may be bought or sold to protect the fund against a possible loss resulting from an adverse change in the relationship between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar or to increase exposure to a particular foreign currency. Many foreign securities markets do not settle trades within a time frame that would be considered customary in the U.S. stock market. Therefore, the fund may engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts in order to secure exchange rates for fund securities purchased or sold, but awaiting settlement. These transactions do not seek to eliminate any fluctuations in the underlying prices of the securities involved. Instead, the transactions simply establish a rate of exchange that can be expected when the fund settles its securities transactions in the future. Forwards involve certain risks. For example, if the counterparties to the contracts are unable to meet the terms of the contracts or if the value of the foreign currency changes unfavorably, the fund could sustain a loss.
The fund also may engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts to protect the value of specific portfolio positions, which is called “position hedging.” When engaging in position hedging, the fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange transactions to protect against a decline in the values of the foreign currencies in which portfolio securities are denominated (or against an increase in the value of currency for securities that the fund expects to purchase).

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Buying and selling foreign currency exchange contracts involves costs and may result in losses. The ability of the fund to engage in these transactions may be limited by tax considerations. Although these techniques tend to minimize the risk of loss due to declines in the value of the hedged currency, they tend to limit any potential gain that might result from an increase in the value of such currency. Transactions in these contracts involve certain other risks. Unanticipated fluctuations in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, there may be imperfect correlation between the fund’s holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts into which the fund enters. Such imperfect correlation may cause the fund to sustain losses, which will prevent it from achieving a complete hedge or expose it to risk of foreign exchange loss.
Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that the fund will engage in such transactions at any given time or from time to time. Also, such transactions may not be successful and may eliminate any chance for the fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.
Forwards will be used primarily to adjust the foreign exchange exposure of the fund with a view to protecting the outlook, and the fund might be expected to enter into such contracts under the following circumstances:
LOCK IN. When the Investment Adviser or Subadviser desires to lock in the U.S. dollar price on the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency.
CROSS HEDGE. If a particular currency is expected to decrease against another currency, the fund may sell the currency expected to decrease and purchase a currency which is expected to increase against the currency sold in an amount approximately equal to some or all of the fund’s portfolio holdings denominated in the currency sold.
DIRECT HEDGE. If the Investment Adviser or Subadviser wants to a eliminate substantially all of the risk of owning a particular currency, and/or if the Investment Adviser or Subadviser thinks that the fund can benefit from price appreciation in a given country’s bonds but does not want to hold the currency, it may employ a direct hedge back into the U.S. dollar. In either case, the fund would enter into a forward contract to sell the currency in which a portfolio security is denominated and purchase U.S. dollars at an exchange rate established at the time it initiated the contract. The cost of the direct hedge transaction may offset most, if not all, of the yield advantage offered by the foreign security, but the fund would benefit from an increase in value of the bond.
PROXY HEDGE. The Investment Adviser or Subadviser might choose to use a proxy hedge, which may be less costly than a direct hedge. In this case, the fund, having purchased a security, will sell a currency whose value is believed to be closely linked to the currency in which the security is denominated. Interest rates prevailing in the country whose currency was sold would be expected to be closer to those in the U.S. and lower than those of securities denominated in the currency of the original holding. This type of hedging entails greater risk than a direct hedge because it is dependent on a stable relationship between the two currencies paired as proxies and the relationships can be very unstable at times.
COSTS OF HEDGING. When the fund purchases a foreign bond with a higher interest rate than is available on U.S. bonds of a similar maturity, the additional yield on the foreign bond could be substantially reduced or lost if the fund were to enter into a direct hedge by selling the foreign currency and purchasing the U.S. dollar. This is what is known as the “cost” of hedging. Proxy hedging attempts to reduce this cost through an indirect hedge back to the U.S. dollar. It is important to note that hedging costs are treated as capital transactions and are not, therefore, deducted from the fund’s dividend distribution and are not reflected in its yield. Instead such costs will, over time, be reflected in the fund’s net asset value per share.
TAX CONSEQUENCES OF HEDGING. Under applicable tax law, the fund may be required to limit its gains from hedging in foreign currency forwards, futures, and options. Although the fund is expected to comply with such limits, the extent to which these limits apply is subject to tax regulations as yet unissued. Hedging may also result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Those provisions could result in an increase (or decrease) in the amount of taxable dividends paid by the funds and could affect whether dividends paid by the fund are classified as capital gains or ordinary income.

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FOREIGN SECURITIES involve additional risks, including foreign currency exchange rate risks, because they are issued by foreign entities, including foreign governments, banks and corporations or because they are traded principally overseas. The fund may invest in foreign securities as part of its principal investment strategy. Foreign securities in which the fund may invest include foreign entities that are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. corporations. In addition, there may be less publicly available information about foreign entities. Foreign economic, political and legal developments, as well as fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates and withholding taxes, could have more dramatic effects on the value of foreign securities. For example, conditions within and around foreign countries, such as the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political or social instability, diplomatic developments, change of government or war could affect the value of foreign investments. Moreover, individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Foreign securities typically have less volume and are generally less liquid and more volatile than securities of U.S. companies. Fixed commissions on foreign securities exchanges are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the fund will endeavor to achieve the most favorable overall results on portfolio transactions. There is generally less government supervision and regulation of foreign securities exchanges, brokers, dealers and listed companies than in the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities. There may be difficulties in obtaining or enforcing judgments against foreign issuers as well. Bankruptcy laws in some foreign countries are sometimes biased to the borrowers and against the creditors. These factors and others may increase the risks with respect to the liquidity of the fund, and its ability to meet a large number of shareholder redemption requests.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures and, in certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Losses to the fund arising out of the inability to fulfill a contract to sell such securities also could result in potential liability for the fund.
Investments in the securities of foreign issuers may be made and held in foreign currencies. In addition, the fund may hold cash in foreign currencies. These investments may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations, and may cause the fund to incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies. The rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and other currencies is determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange market as well as by political and economic factors. Changes in the foreign currency exchange rates also may affect the value of dividends and interest earned, gains and losses realized on the sale of securities, and net investment income and gains, if any, to be distributed to shareholders by the fund.
FORWARD CONTRACTS are sales contracts between a buyer (holding the “long” position), and the seller (holding the “short” position) for an asset with delivery deferred to a future date. The fund may engage in forward contracts as part of its principal investment strategy. The buyer agrees to pay a fixed price at the agreed future date and the seller agrees to deliver the asset. The seller hopes that the market price on the delivery date is less than the agreed upon price, while the buyer hopes for the contrary. The change in value of a forward-based derivative generally is roughly proportional to the change in value of the underlying asset.
FUTURES CONTRACTS are instruments that represent an agreement between two parties that obligates one party to buy, and the other party to sell, specific instruments at an agreed-upon price on a stipulated future date. In the case of futures contracts relating to an index or otherwise not calling for physical delivery at the close of the transaction, the parties usually agree to deliver the final cash settlement price of the contract. As part of its principal investment strategy, the fund may purchase and sell futures contracts based on securities, securities indices and foreign currencies, interest rates, or any other futures contracts traded on U.S. exchanges or boards of trade that the Commodities Future Trading

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Commission (“CFTC”) licenses and regulates on foreign exchanges. Consistent with CFTC regulations, the trust has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act. Although positions are usually marked to market on a daily basis with an intermediary (executing broker) there remains a credit risk with the futures exchange.
The fund must maintain a small portion of its assets in cash to process shareholder transactions in and out of the fund and to pay its expenses. In order to reduce the effect this otherwise uninvested cash would have on its performance, the fund may purchase futures contracts. Such transactions allow the fund’s cash balance to produce a return similar to that of the underlying security or index on which the futures contract is based. Also, the fund may purchase or sell futures contracts on a specified foreign currency to “fix” the price in U.S. dollars of the foreign security it has acquired or sold or expects to acquire or sell. The fund may enter into futures contracts for other reasons as well. For example, to efficiently change the duration stance of the fund by buying and/or selling government bond futures.
When buying or selling futures contracts, the fund must place a deposit with its broker equal to a fraction of the contract amount. This amount is known as “initial margin” and must be in the form of liquid debt instruments, including cash, cash-equivalents and U.S. government securities. Subsequent payments to and from the broker, known as “variation margin” may be made daily, if necessary, as the value of the futures contracts fluctuate. This process is known as “marking-to-market.” The margin amount will be returned to the fund upon termination of the futures contracts assuming all contractual obligations are satisfied. Because margin requirements are normally only a fraction of the amount of the futures contracts in a given transaction, futures trading can involve a great deal of leverage. In order to avoid this, the fund will earmark or segregate assets for any outstanding futures contracts as may be required under the federal securities laws.
While the fund intends to purchase and sell futures contracts in order to simulate full investment, there are risks associated with these transactions. Adverse market movements could cause the fund to experience substantial losses when buying and selling futures contracts. Of course, barring significant market distortions, similar results would have been expected if the fund had instead transacted in the underlying securities directly. There also is the risk of losing any margin payments held by a broker in the event of its bankruptcy. Additionally, the fund incurs transaction costs (i.e. brokerage fees) when engaging in futures trading. To the extent the fund also invests in futures in order to simulate full investment, these same risks apply.
When interest rates are rising or securities prices are falling, the fund may seek, through the sale of futures contracts, to offset a decline in the value of their current portfolio securities. When rates are falling or prices are rising, the fund, through the purchase of futures contracts, may attempt to secure better rates or prices than might later be available in the market when they effect anticipated purchases. Similarly, the fund may sell futures contracts on a specified currency to protect against a decline in the value of that currency and their portfolio securities that are denominated in that currency. The fund may purchase futures contracts on a foreign currency to fix the price in U.S. dollars of a security denominated in that currency that the fund has acquired or expects to acquire.
Futures contracts normally require actual delivery or acquisition of an underlying security or cash value of an index on the expiration date of the contract. In most cases, however, the contractual obligation is fulfilled before the date of the contract by buying or selling, as the case may be, identical futures contracts. Such offsetting transactions terminate the original contracts and cancel the obligation to take or make delivery of the underlying securities or cash. There may not always be a liquid secondary market at the time the fund seeks to close out a futures position. If the fund is unable to close out its position and prices move adversely, the fund would have to continue to make daily cash payments to maintain its margin requirements. If the fund had insufficient cash to meet these requirements it may have to sell portfolio securities at a disadvantageous time or incur extra costs by borrowing the cash. Also, the fund may be required to make or take delivery and incur extra transaction costs buying or selling the underlying securities. The fund seeks to reduce the risks associated with futures transactions by buying and selling futures contracts that are traded on national exchanges or for which there appears to be a liquid secondary market.

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HYBRID INSTRUMENTS are a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues in correlation to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the net asset value of the fund. The fund will not invest more than 5% of its total assets in hybrid instruments.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable. The fund will only invest in commodity-linked hybrid instruments that qualify under applicable rules of the CFTC for an exemption from the provisions of the CEA.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the fund’s investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES generally are any securities that cannot be disposed of promptly and in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the fund has valued the instruments. The liquidity of the fund’s investments is monitored under the supervision and direction of the Board of Trustees. Investments currently not considered liquid include repurchase agreements not maturing within seven days and certain restricted securities. Any security may become illiquid at times of market dislocation.
MONEY MARKET SECURITIES are high-quality, short term debt securities that may be issued by entities such as the U.S. government, corporations and financial institutions (like banks). Money market securities include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, banker’s acceptances, notes and time deposits. Certificates of deposit and time deposits are issued against funds deposited in a banking institution for a specified period of time at a specified interest rate. Banker’s acceptances are credit instruments evidencing a bank’s obligation to pay a draft drawn on it by a customer. These instruments reflect the obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the full amount of the instrument upon maturity. Commercial paper consists of short term, unsecured promissory notes issued to finance short term credit needs.
Money market securities pay fixed, variable or floating rates of interest and are generally subject to credit and interest rate risks. The maturity date or price of and financial assets collateralizing a security may be structured in order to make it qualify as or act like a money market security. These securities may be subject to greater credit and interest rate risks than other money market securities because of their structure. Money market securities may be issued with puts or sold separately, sometimes called demand features or guarantees, which are agreements that allow the buyer to sell a security

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at a specified price and time to the seller or “put provider.” When the fund buys a put, losses could occur as a result of the costs of the put or if it exercises its rights under the put and the put provider does not perform as agreed. Standby commitments are types of puts.
The fund may keep a portion of its assets in cash for business operations. In order to reduce the effect this otherwise uninvested cash would have on its performance, the fund may invest in money market securities. The fund may also invest in money market securities to the extent it is consistent with its investment objective.
NON-PUBLICLY TRADED SECURITIES AND PRIVATE PLACEMENTS. The fund may invest in securities that are neither listed on a stock exchange nor traded over-the-counter, including privately placed securities. Such unlisted securities may involve a higher degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. As a result of the absence of a public trading market for these securities, they may be less liquid than publicly traded securities. Although these securities may be resold in privately negotiated transactions, the prices realized from these sales could be less than those originally paid by the fund or less than what may be considered the fair value of such securities. Furthermore, companies whose securities are not publicly traded may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements which might be applicable if their securities were publicly traded. If such securities are required to be registered under the securities laws of one or more jurisdictions before being sold, the fund may be required to bear the expenses of registration.
NON-TRADITIONAL EQUITY SECURITIES. The fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks that offer enhanced yield features, such as Preferred Equity Redemption Cumulative Stock (“PERCS”), which provide an investor, such as the fund, with the opportunity to earn higher dividend income than is available on a company’s common stock. A PERCS is a preferred stock which generally features a mandatory conversion date, as well as a capital appreciation limit which is usually expressed in terms of a stated price. Upon the conversion date, most PERCS convert into common stock of the issuer (PERCS are generally not convertible into cash at maturity). Under a typical arrangement, if after a predetermined number of years the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price below that set by the capital appreciation limit, each PERCS would convert to one share of common stock. If, however, the issuer’s common stock is trading at a price above that set by the capital appreciation limit, the holder of the PERCS would receive less than one full share of common stock. The amount of that fractional share of common stock received by the PERCS holder is determined by dividing the price set by the capital appreciation limit of the PERCS by the market price of the issuer’s common stock. PERCS can be called at any time prior to maturity, and hence do not provide call protection. However, if called early, the issuer may pay a call premium over the market price to the investor. This call premium declines at a preset rate daily, up to the maturity date of the PERCS.
The fund may also invest in other enhanced convertible securities. These include but are not limited to ACES (Automatically Convertible Equity Securities), PEPS (Participating Equity Preferred Stock), PRIDES (Preferred Redeemable Increased Dividend Equity Securities), SAILS (Stock Appreciation Income Linked Securities), TECONS (Term Convertible Notes), QICS (Quarterly Income Cumulative Securities), and DECS (Dividend Enhanced Convertible Securities). ACES, PEPS, PRIDES, SAILS, TECONS, QICS, and DECS all have the following features: they are company-issued convertible preferred stock; unlike PERCS, they do not have capital appreciation limits; they seek to provide the investor with high current income, with some prospect of future capital appreciation; they are typically issued with three- to four-year maturities; they typically have some built-in call protection for the first two to three years; investors have the right to convert them into shares of common stock at a preset conversion ratio or hold them until maturity; and upon maturity, they will automatically convert to either cash or a specified number of shares of common stock.
OPTIONS CONTRACTS generally provide the right to buy or sell a security, commodity, futures contract or foreign currency in exchange for an agreed upon price. If the right is not exercised after a specified period, the option expires and the option buyer forfeits the money paid to the option seller. The fund may use options contracts as part of its principal investment strategy.
A call option gives the buyer the right to buy a specified number of shares of a security at a fixed price on or before a specified date in the future. For this right, the call option buyer pays the call option seller, commonly called the call option writer, a fee called a premium. Call option buyers are usually anticipating that the price of the underlying security will rise above the price fixed with the call writer, thereby allowing them to profit. If the price of the underlying security does not

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rise, the call option buyer’s losses are limited to the premium paid to the call option writer. For call option writers, a rise in the price of the underlying security will be offset in part by the premium received from the call option buyer. If the call option writer does not own the underlying security, however, the losses that may ensue if the price rises could be potentially unlimited. If the call option writer owns the underlying security or commodity, this is called writing a covered call. All call and put options written by the fund will be covered, which means that the fund will own the securities subject to the option so long as the option is outstanding or the fund will earmark or segregate assets for any outstanding option contracts.
A put option is the opposite of a call option. It gives the buyer the right to sell a specified number of shares of a security at a fixed price on or before a specified date in the future. Put option buyers are usually anticipating a decline in the price of the underlying security, and wish to offset those losses when selling the security at a later date. All put options the fund writes will be covered, which means that the fund will earmark or segregate cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option. The purpose of writing such options is to generate additional income for the fund. However, in return for the option premium, the fund accepts the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the securities’ market value at the time of purchase.
The fund may purchase and write put and call options on any securities in which they may invest or any securities index or basket of securities based on securities in which they may invest. In addition, the fund may purchase and sell foreign currency options and foreign currency futures contracts and related options. The fund may purchase and write such options on securities that are listed on domestic or foreign securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market. Like futures contracts, option contracts are rarely exercised. Option buyers usually sell the option before it expires. Option writers may terminate their obligations under a written call or put option by purchasing an option identical to the one it has written. Such purchases are referred to as “closing purchase transactions.” The fund may enter into closing sale transactions in order to realize gains or minimize losses on options it has purchased or wrote.
An exchange-traded currency option position may be closed out only on an options exchange that provides a secondary market for an option of the same series. Although the fund generally will purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option or at any particular time. If the fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to options it has written, it will not be able to sell the underlying securities or dispose of assets earmarked or held in a segregated account until the options expire or are exercised. Similarly, if the fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options it has purchased, it would have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit and will incur transaction costs upon the purchase or sale of underlying securities.
Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on an exchange include the following: (1) there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; (2) an exchange may impose restrictions on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; (3) trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options; (4) unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; (5) the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”) may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or (6) one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), although outstanding options on that exchange that had been issued by the OCC as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
The ability to terminate over-the-counter options is more limited than with exchange-traded options and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. Until such time as the staff of the SEC changes its position, the fund will treat purchased over-the-counter options and all assets used to cover written over-the-counter options as illiquid securities, except that with respect to options written with primary dealers in U.S. government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a closing purchase transaction at a formula price, the amount of illiquid securities may be calculated with reference to a formula the staff of the SEC approves.

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Additional risks are involved with options trading because of the low margin deposits required and the extremely high degree of leverage that may be involved in options trading. There may be imperfect correlation between the change in market value of the securities held by the fund and the prices of the options, possible lack of a liquid secondary market, and the resulting inability to close such positions prior to their maturity dates.
The fund may write or purchase an option only when the market value of that option, when aggregated with the market value of all other options transactions made on behalf of the fund, does not exceed 5% of its net assets.
An option contract may be implicitly entered into by purchasing certain securities with built in options. An example of such would be a reverse floating rate note where the buyer is also selling one or more caps on short dated interest rates.
PROMISSORY NOTES are written agreements committing the maker or issuer to pay the payee a specified amount either on demand or at a fixed date in the future, with or without interest. These are sometimes called negotiable notes or instruments and are subject to credit risk. Bank notes are notes used to represent obligations issued by banks in large denominations.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS (REITS) are pooled investment vehicles, which invest primarily in income producing real estate or real estate related loans or interests and, in some cases, manage real estate. REITs are sometimes referred to as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or hybrid REITs. An equity REIT invests primarily in properties and generates income from rental and lease properties and, in some cases, from the management of real estate. Equity REITs also offer the potential for growth as a result of property appreciation and from the sale of appreciated property. Mortgage REITs invest primarily in real estate mortgages, which may secure construction, development or long term loans, and derive income for the collection of interest payments. Hybrid REITs may combine the features of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. REITs are generally organized as corporations or business trusts, but are not taxed as a corporation if they meet certain requirements of Subchapter M of the Code. To qualify, a REIT must, among other things, invest substantially all of its assets in interests in real estate (including other REITs), cash and government securities, distribute at least 95% of its taxable income to its shareholders and receive at least 75% of that income from rents, mortgages and sales of property.
Like any investment in real estate, a REIT’s performance depends on many factors, such as its ability to find tenants for its properties, to renew leases, and to finance property purchases and renovations. In general, REITs may be affected by changes in underlying real estate values, which may have an exaggerated effect to the extent a REIT concentrates its investment in certain regions or property types. For example, rental income could decline because of extended vacancies, increased competition from nearby properties, tenants’ failure to pay rent, or incompetent management. Property values could decrease because of overbuilding, environmental liabilities, uninsured damages caused by natural disasters, a general decline in the neighborhood, losses due to casualty or condemnation, increases in property taxes, or changes in zoning laws. Ultimately, a REIT’s performance depends on the types of properties it owns and how well the REIT manages its properties.
In general, during periods of rising interest rates, REITs may lose some of their appeal for investors who may be able to obtain higher yields from other income-producing investments, such as long term bonds. Higher interest rates also mean that financing for property purchases and improvements is more costly and difficult to obtain. During periods of declining interest rates, certain mortgage REITs may hold mortgages that mortgagors elect to prepay, which can reduce the yield on securities issued by mortgage REITs. Mortgage REITs may be affected by the ability of borrowers to repay debts to the REIT when due and equity REITs may be affected by the ability of tenants to pay rent.
Like small-cap stocks in general, certain REITs have relatively small market capitalizations and their securities can be more volatile than—and at times will perform differently from—large-cap stocks. In addition, because small-cap stocks are typically less liquid than large-cap stocks, REIT stocks may sometimes experience greater share-price fluctuations than the stocks of larger companies. Further, REITs are dependent upon specialized management skills, have limited diversification, and are therefore subject to risks inherent in operating and financing a limited number of projects. By

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investing in REITs indirectly through the fund, a shareholder will bear indirectly a proportionate share of the REIT’s expenses in addition to their proportionate share of the fund’s expenses. Finally, REITs could possibly fail to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Code or to maintain their exemptions from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“1940 Act”).
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS are instruments under which a buyer acquires ownership of certain securities (usually U.S. government securities) from a seller who agrees to repurchase the securities at a mutually agreed-upon time and price, thereby determining the yield during the buyer’s holding period. Any repurchase agreements the fund enters into will involve the fund as the buyer and banks or broker-dealers as sellers. The period of repurchase agreements is usually short — from overnight to one week, although the securities collateralizing a repurchase agreement may have longer maturity dates. Default by the seller might cause the fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation of the collateral securing the repurchase agreement. The fund also may incur disposition costs in liquidating the collateral. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of a repurchase agreement’s seller, the fund might incur expenses in enforcing its rights, and could experience losses, including a decline in the value of the underlying securities and loss of income. The fund will make payment under a repurchase agreement only upon physical delivery or evidence of book entry transfer of the collateral to the account of its custodian bank.
RESTRICTED SECURITIES are securities that are subject to legal restrictions on their sale. Restricted securities may be considered to be liquid if an institutional or other market exists for these securities. In making this determination, the fund, under the direction and supervision of the Board of Trustees will take into account various factors, including: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of potential purchasers; (3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (4) the nature of the security and marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). To the extent the fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, its general level of illiquidity may be increased if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS may be used by the fund. The fund may engage in reverse repurchase agreements to facilitate portfolio liquidity, a practice common in the mutual fund industry, or for arbitrage transactions as discussed below. In a reverse repurchase agreement, the fund would sell a security and enter into an agreement to repurchase the security at a specified future date and price. The fund generally retains the right to interest and principal payments on the security. If the fund uses the cash it obtains to invest in other securities, this may be considered a form of leverage and may expose the fund to a greater risk. Leverage tends to magnify the effect of any decrease or increase in the value on the fund’s portfolio’s securities. Because the fund receives cash upon entering into a reverse repurchase agreement, it may be considered a borrowing. When required by guidelines of the SEC, the fund will set aside permissible liquid assets earmarked or in a segregated account to secure its obligations to repurchase the security.
The fund also may enter into mortgage dollar rolls, in which the fund would sell MBS for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contract to purchase substantially similar securities on a specified future date. While the fund would forego principal and interest paid on the MBS during the roll period, the fund would be compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower price for the future purchase as well as by any interest earned on the proceeds of the initial sale. The fund also could be compensated through the receipt of fee income equivalent to a lower forward price. At the time the fund would enter into a mortgage dollar roll, it would set aside permissible liquid assets earmarked or in a segregated account to secure its obligation for the forward commitment to buy MBS. Mortgage dollar roll transactions may be considered a borrowing by the fund.
The mortgage dollar rolls and reverse repurchase agreements entered into by the fund may be used as arbitrage transactions in which the fund will maintain an offsetting position in short duration investment-grade debt obligations. Since the fund will receive interest on the securities or repurchase agreements in which it invests the transaction proceeds, such transactions may involve leverage. However, since such securities or repurchase agreements will be high quality and short duration, the Investment Adviser believes that such arbitrage transactions present lower risks to the fund than those

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associated with other types of leverage. There can be no assurance that the fund’s use of the cash it receives from a mortgage dollar roll will provide a positive return.
SECURITIES LENDING of portfolio securities is a common practice in the securities industry. The fund may engage in security lending arrangements. For example, the fund may receive cash collateral, and it may invest it in short term, interest-bearing obligations, but will do so only to the extent that it will not lose the tax treatment available to regulated investment companies. Lending portfolio securities involves risks that the borrower may fail to return the securities or provide additional collateral. Also, voting rights with respect to the loaned securities may pass with the lending of the securities.
The fund may loan portfolio securities to qualified broker-dealers or other institutional investors provided: (1) the loan is secured continuously by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, letters of credit, cash or cash equivalents or other appropriate instruments maintained on a daily marked-to-market basis in an amount at least equal to the current market value of the securities loaned; (2) the fund may at any time call the loan and obtain the return of the securities loaned; (3) the fund will receive any interest or dividends paid on the loaned securities; and (4) the aggregate market value of securities loaned will not at any time exceed one-third of the total assets of the fund, including collateral received from the loan (at market value computed at the time of the loan).
By lending its securities, the fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower that reflect the amount of any interest or any dividends payable on the loaned securities as well as by either investing cash collateral received from the borrower in short-term instruments or obtaining a fee from the borrower when U.S. Government securities or letters of credit are used as collateral.
Although voting rights with respect to loaned securities pass to the borrower, the lender retains the right to recall a security (or terminate a loan) for the purpose of exercising the security’s voting rights. Efforts to recall such securities promptly may be unsuccessful, especially for foreign securities or thinly traded securities such as small-cap stocks. In addition, because recalling a security may involve expenses to the fund, it is expected that the fund will do so only where the items being voted upon are, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, either material to the economic value of the security or threaten to materially impact the issuer’s corporate governance policies or structure.
SECURITIES OF OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES may be purchased and sold by the fund and those issued by foreign investment companies. Mutual funds are registered investment companies, which may issue and redeem their shares on a continuous basis (open-end mutual funds) or may offer a fixed number of shares usually listed on an exchange (closed-end mutual funds). Mutual funds generally offer investors the advantages of diversification and professional investment management, by combining shareholders’ money and investing it in various types of securities, such as stocks, bonds and money market securities. Mutual funds also make various investments and use certain techniques in order to enhance their performance. These may include entering into delayed-delivery and when-issued securities transactions or swap agreements; buying and selling futures contracts, illiquid and restricted securities and repurchase agreements and borrowing or lending money and/or portfolio securities. The risks of investing in mutual funds generally reflect the risks of the securities in which the mutual funds invest and the investment techniques they may employ. Also, mutual funds charge fees and incur operating expenses. If the fund decides to purchase securities of other investment companies, the fund intends to purchase shares of mutual funds in compliance with the requirements of federal law or any applicable exemptive relief received from the SEC. Except with respect to the fund’s investments in registered money market funds and unregistered money market funds that comply with certain conditions of the 1940 Act, mutual fund investments for the fund are currently restricted under federal regulations, and therefore, the extent to which the fund may invest in another mutual fund may be limited.
funds in which the fund also may invest include unregistered or privately-placed funds, such as hedge funds and offshore funds. Hedge funds and offshore funds are not registered with the SEC, and therefore are largely exempt from the regulatory requirements that apply to registered investment companies (mutual funds). As a result, these types of funds have greater ability to make investments or use investment techniques, such as leveraging, that can increase investment

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return but also may substantially increase the risk of losses. Investments in these funds also may be more difficult to sell, which could cause losses to the fund. For example, hedge funds typically require investors to keep their investment in a hedge fund for some period of time, such as 1 year or more. This means investors would not be able to sell their shares of a hedge fund until such time had past, and the investment may be deemed to be illiquid. In addition, because hedge funds may not value their portfolio holdings on a frequent basis, investments in those hedge funds may be difficult to price.
The fund is prohibited from acquiring any securities of registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment trusts in reliance on Section 12(d)(1)(G) or Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the 1940 Act.
SHORT SALES may be used by the fund as part of its overall portfolio management strategies or to offset (hedge) a potential decline in the value of a security. The fund may engage in short sales that are either “against the box” or “uncovered.” A short sale is “against the box” if at all times during which the short position is open, the fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or has the right to acquire, at no added cost, the securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to the fund with respect to the securities that are sold short. “Uncovered” short sales are transactions under which the fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such transaction, the fund may borrow the security through a broker to make delivery to the buyer and, in doing so, the fund becomes obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The fund also may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities, which would increase the cost of the security. In addition, the fund is often obligated to pay any accrued interest and dividends on the securities until they are replaced. The proceeds of the short sale position will be retained by the broker until the fund replaces the borrowed securities.
The fund will incur a loss if the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the fund replaces the borrowed security and, conversely, the fund will realize a gain if the price declines. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. A short sale creates the risk of an unlimited loss, as the price of the underlying securities could theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the short position. If the fund sells securities short “against the box,” it may protect unrealized gains, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. The successful use of short selling as a hedging strategy may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
The fund’s obligation to replace the securities borrowed in connection with a short sale will be secured by collateral deposited with the broker that consists of cash or other liquid securities. In addition, the fund will earmark cash or liquid assets or place in a segregated account an amount of cash or other liquid assets equal to the difference, if any, between (1) the market value of the securities sold short, marked-to-market daily, and (2) any cash or other liquid securities deposited as collateral with the broker in connection with the short sale.
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS may be used for hedging or managing risk. The fund may purchase covered spread options from securities dealers. Such covered spread options are not presently exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the fund the right to put, or sell, a security that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed yield spread in relation to another security that the fund does not own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the fund in purchasing covered spread options is the cost of the premium paid for the spread option and any transaction costs. In addition, there is no assurance that closing transactions will be available. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. Such protection is only provided during the life of the spread option.
SWAP AGREEMENTS are privately negotiated over-the-counter derivative products in which two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities (referred to as the “underlying”) and a predetermined amount (referred to as the “notional amount”). The underlying for a swap may be an interest rate (fixed or floating), a currency exchange rate, a commodity price index, a credit derivative contract (single name or multiname or index), a security, group of securities or a securities index, a combination of any of these, or

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various other rates, assets or indices. Swap agreements generally do not involve the delivery of the underlying or principal, and a party’s obligations generally are equal to only the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the swap agreement. In addition, the fund may invest in swaptions, which are privately-negotiated option-based derivative products. Swaptions give the holder the right to enter into a swap. The fund may use a swaption in addition to or in lieu of a swap involving a similar rate or index.
Swap agreements can be structured to increase or decrease the fund’s exposure to long or short term interest rates, corporate borrowing rates and other conditions, such as changing security prices and inflation rates. They also can be structured to increase or decrease the fund’s exposure to specific issuers or specific sectors of the bond market such as mortgage securities. For example, if the fund agreed to pay a longer-term fixed rate in exchange for a shorter-term floating rate while holding longer-term fixed rate bonds, the swap would tend to decrease the fund’s exposure to longer-term interest rates. Swap agreements tend to increase or decrease the overall volatility of the fund’s investments and its share price and yield. Changes in interest rates, or other factors determining the amount of payments due to and from the fund, can be the most significant factors in the performance of a swap agreement. If a swap agreement calls for payments from the fund, the fund must be prepared to make such payments when they are due. In order to help minimize risks, the fund will earmark or segregate appropriate assets for any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed under the terms of a swap agreement entered into on a net basis. All other swap agreements will require the fund to earmark or segregate assets in the amount of the accrued amounts owed under the swap. The fund could sustain losses if a counterparty does not perform as agreed under the terms of the swap. The fund will enter into swap agreements with counterparties deemed creditworthy by the Investment Adviser.
For purposes of applying the fund’s investment policies and restrictions (as stated in the prospectus and this SAI) swap agreements are generally valued by the fund at market value. In the case of a credit default swap sold by the fund (i.e., where the fund is selling credit default protection), however, the fund will generally value the swap at its notional amount. The manner in which certain securities or other instruments are valued by the fund for purposes of applying investment policies and restrictions may differ from the manner in which those investments are valued by other types of investors.
TEMPORARY DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES are strategies the fund may take for temporary or defensive purposes. During unusual economic or market conditions or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, the fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash, money market instruments, repurchase agreements and other short term obligations that would not ordinarily be consistent with the fund’s objectives. The fund will do so only if the Investment Adviser or Subadviser believes that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity for capital gains or higher income. When the fund engages in such activities, it may not achieve its investment objective.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES are issued by the U.S. Treasury or issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities. Not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some U.S. government securities, such as those issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, the Student Loan Marketing Association (SLMA or Sallie Mae), and the Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), are supported by a line of credit the issuing entity has with the U.S. Treasury. Others are supported solely by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality such as obligations issued by the Federal Farm Credit Banks funding Corporation (FFCB). There can be no assurance that the U.S. government will provide financial support to U.S. government securities of its agencies and instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so under law. U.S. government securities, including U.S. Treasury securities, are among the safest securities, however, not unlike other debt securities, they are still sensitive to interest rate changes, which will cause their yields and prices to fluctuate.
On September 7, 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced a federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, placing the two federal instrumentalities in conservatorship. Under the takeover, the U.S. Treasury agreed to acquire $1 billion of senior preferred stock of each instrumentality and obtained warrants for the purchase of common stock of each instrumentality. Under these Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements (SPAs), the U.S. Treasury has pledged to provide up to $100 billion per instrumentality as needed, including the contribution of cash capital to the instrumentalities in the event their liabilities exceed their assets. On May 6, 2009, the U.S. Treasury increased its maximum commitment to each instrumentality under the SPAs to $200 billion per instrumentality. On December 24, 2009, the U.S. Treasury further

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amended the SPAs to allow the cap on Treasury’s funding commitment to increase as necessary to accommodate any cumulative reduction in Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s net worth through the end of 2012. At the conclusion of 2012, the remaining U.S. Treasury commitment will then be fully available to be drawn per the terms of the SPAs. In December 2009, the U.S. Treasury also amended the SPAs to provide Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac with some additional flexibility to meet the requirement to reduce their mortgage portfolios.
The actions of the U.S. Treasury are intended to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac maintain a positive net worth and meet their financial obligations preventing mandatory triggering of receivership. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives will be successful.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS
The following are fundamental investment limitations and restrictions, and may be changed only by vote of a majority of the fund’s outstanding voting securities.
The fund may not:
1)   Concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as concentration is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
2)   Purchase or sell commodities or real estate, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
3)   Make loans to other persons, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
4)   Borrow money, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
5)   Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
6)   Underwrite securities issued by other persons, except to the extent permitted (or not prohibited) under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
7)   Purchase securities of an issuer, except as consistent with the maintenance of its status as an open-end diversified company under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time
The following descriptions of the 1940 Act may assist investors in understanding the above policies and restrictions.
Diversification. Under the 1940 Act and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder, a “diversified company,” as to 75% of its total assets, may not purchase securities of any issuer (other than obligations of, or guaranteed by, the U.S. government or its agencies, or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5%

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of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the issuer’s voting securities would be held by the fund.
Borrowing. The 1940 Act restricts an investment company from borrowing (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in excess of 33 1/3% of its total assets (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets). Transactions that are fully collateralized in a manner that does not involve the prohibited issuance of a “senior security” within the meaning of Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act, shall not be regarded as borrowings for the purposes of the fund’s investment restriction.
Concentration. The SEC has defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s total assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions such as with respect to investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies and instrumentalities, or tax-exempt obligations of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions. For purposes of the fund’s concentration policy, (i) financial service companies will be classified according to the types of services; for example, insurance, commercial banks, mortgages, and diversified finance will each be considered a separate industry; and (ii) energy and natural resources companies will be classified according to the types of products and services; for example, crude oil, petroleum, natural gas, precious metals and mining will each be considered a separate industry.
Lending. Under the 1940 Act, an investment company may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. The fund’s non-fundamental investment policy on lending is set forth below.
Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict an investment company’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every investment company have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The fund has adopted a fundamental policy that would permit direct investment in real estate. However, the fund has a non-fundamental investment limitation that prohibits it from investing directly in real estate. This non-fundamental policy may be changed only by vote of the fund’s Board of Trustees.
Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by an investment company evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits the fund from issuing senior securities, although it provides allowances for certain borrowings and certain other investments, such as short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, when such investments are “covered” or with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligations.
Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves an investment company purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly.
The following are non-fundamental investment limitations and restrictions, and may be changed by the board of trustees.
The fund may not:
1)   Invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities.
 
2)   Purchase securities of other investment companies, except as permitted by the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.
 
3)   Sell securities short unless it owns the security or the right to obtain the security or equivalent securities, or unless it covers such short sale as required by current SEC rules and interpretations (transactions in futures contracts, options and other derivative instruments are not considered selling securities short).

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4)   Purchase securities on margin, except such short term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities and provided that margin deposits in connection with futures contracts, options on futures or other derivative instruments shall not constitute purchasing securities on margin.
 
5)   Borrow money except that the fund may (i) borrow money from banks or through an interfund lending facility, if any, only for temporary or emergency purposes (and not for leveraging) and (ii) engage in reverse repurchase agreements with any party; provided that (i) and (ii) in combination do not exceed 33 1/3% of its total assets (any borrowings that come to exceed this amount will be reduced to the extent necessary to comply with the limitation within three business days).
 
6)   Lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties (this restriction does not apply to purchases of debt securities or repurchase agreements).
 
7)   Purchase or sell commodities, commodity contracts or real estate, including interests in real estate limited partnerships, provided that the fund may (i) purchase securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests therein (including REITs), (ii) purchase or sell futures contracts, options contracts, equity index participations and index participation contracts, and (iii) purchase securities of companies that deal in precious metals or interests therein.
Policies and investment limitations that state a maximum percentage of assets that may be invested in a security or other asset, or that set forth a quality standard shall be measured immediately after and as a result of the fund’s acquisition of such security or asset, unless otherwise noted. Except with respect to limitations on borrowing and futures and option contracts, any subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances does not require the fund to sell an investment if it could not then make the same investment. With respect to the limitation on illiquid securities, in the event that a subsequent change in net assets or other circumstances cause the fund to exceed its limitation, the fund will take steps to bring the aggregate amount of illiquid instruments back within the limitations as soon as reasonably practicable.
The phrase “shareholder approval” as used in the Prospectus and herein, and the phrase “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” as used herein, means the affirmative vote of the lesser of (1) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of a class, the fund or the Trust, as the case may be, or (2) 67% or more of the shares of a class, the fund or the Trust, as the case may be, present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
     A change in securities held by the fund is known as “portfolio turnover” and almost always involves the payment by the fund of brokerage commissions or dealer markup and other transaction costs on the sale of securities as well as on the reinvestment of the proceeds in other securities. Portfolio turnover is not a limiting factor with respect to investment decisions.
     As disclosed in the Prospectus, high portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which will be borne directly by the fund, and could involve realization of capital gains that would be taxable when distributed to shareholders of the fund. To the extent that portfolio turnover results in the realization of net short-term capital gains, such gains are ordinarily taxed to shareholders at ordinary income tax rates.
     During the period July 1, 2009 to March 31, 2010, the fund’s non-annualized portfolio turnover rate was 72% of the average value of its portfolio.

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INCOME, DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAX STATUS
     This discussion of federal income tax consequences is based on Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein, and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transaction contemplated herein.
     The tax status of the fund and the distributions which it may make are summarized in the Prospectus under the headings “Distributions” and “Taxes.” The fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the Code. In order to qualify as a RIC and to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded RICs and their shareholders, the fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership; (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs or other securities limited generally with respect to any one issuer to a value not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of the fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, of two or more issuers of which the fund owns at least 20% of the voting power of each issuer and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships; and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its taxable net investment income, its net tax-exempt income (if any), and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses for such year. To the extent the fund qualifies for treatment as a RIC, the fund will not be subject to federal income tax on income paid to its shareholders in the form of dividends or capital gain distributions.
     If the fund fails to qualify as a RIC accorded special tax treatment in any taxable year, the fund will be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations, such distributions should qualify for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders and for the lower tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income for individual shareholders. In addition, the fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC that is accorded special tax treatment.
     In order to avoid an excise tax imposed on certain underdistributed amounts, the fund must distribute prior to each calendar year end without regard to the fund’s fiscal year end (i) 98% of the fund’s ordinary income, (ii) 98% of the fund’s capital gain net income, if any, realized in the one-year period ending on October 31 (or later if the fund is permitted and so elects), and (iii) 100% of any undistributed income from prior years. A dividend paid to shareholders by the fund in January of a year is generally deemed to have been paid by the fund on December 31 of the preceding year, if the dividend was declared and payable to shareholders of record on a date in October, November or December of that preceding year.
     The fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income and gains derived from foreign investments. Such taxes would reduce the yield on the fund’s investments, but, as discussed in the fund’s Prospectus, may in some situations be taken as either a deduction or a credit by U.S. shareholders. Investment by the fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” could subject the fund to a U.S. federal income tax or other charge on distributions received from, or on the sale of its investment in, such a company. Such a tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to fund shareholders. The fund may avoid this tax by making an election to mark certain of such securities to the market annually. Alternatively, where it is in a position to do so, the fund may elect to treat a passive foreign investment company as a “qualified electing fund,” in which case different rules will apply, although the fund generally does not expect to be in the position to make such elections.

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     For federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the fund owned the investments that generated them, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her shares. Distributions of net capital gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for more than one year and that are properly designated by the fund as capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. Distributions of gains from the sale of investments that the fund owned for one year or less will be taxable as ordinary income. The dividends-received deduction for corporations will generally be available to corporate shareholders with respect to their receipt of the fund’s dividends from investment income to the extent derived from dividends received by the fund from domestic corporations, provided the fund and the shareholder each meet the relevant holding period requirements.
     For taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to long-term capital gain. In order for some portion of the dividends received by fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to some portion of the dividend paying stocks in its portfolio and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the fund’s shares. A dividend will not be treated as qualified dividend income (1) if the dividend is received with respect to any share of stock held for fewer than 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which such share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend (or, in the case of certain preferred stock, 91 days during the 181-day period beginning 90 days before such date), (2) to the extent that the recipient is under an obligation (whether pursuant to a short sale or otherwise) to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property, (3) if the recipient elects to have the dividend income treated as investment income for purposes of the limitation on deductibility of investment interest, or (4) if the dividend is received from a foreign corporation that is (a) not eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States (with the exception of dividends paid on stock of such a foreign corporation readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States), or (b) treated as a foreign personal holding company, foreign investment company, or passive foreign investment company.
     If the aggregate qualified dividends received by the fund during any taxable year are 95% or more of its gross income, then 100% of the fund’s dividends (other than properly designated capital gain dividends) will be eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income. For this purpose, the only gain included in the term “gross income” is the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss. In general, distributions of investment income designated by the fund as derived from qualified dividend income will be treated as qualified dividend income by a shareholder taxed as an individual provided the shareholder meets the holding period and other requirements described above with respect to the fund’s shares.
     Distributions are taxable to shareholders even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the fund before a shareholder’s investment (and thus were included in the price the shareholder paid). Distributions are taxable whether shareholders receive them in cash or in the form of additional shares of the fund to which the distribution relates. Any gain resulting from the sale or exchange of fund shares generally will be taxable as capital gains.
     Long-term capital gain rates applicable to individuals have been temporarily reduced—in general, to 15% with lower rates applying to taxpayers in the 10% and 15% rate brackets—for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010.
     Dividends and distributions on the fund’s shares are generally subject to federal income tax as described herein, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of shares purchased at a time when the fund’s net asset value reflects gains that are either unrealized, or realized but not distributed.
     Certain tax-exempt organizations or entities may not be subject to federal income tax on dividends or distributions from the fund. Each organization or entity should review its own circumstances and the federal tax treatment of its income.

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     Under current law, the fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable dividends and other distributions paid to and proceeds of share sales, exchanges or redemptions made by any individual shareholder who fails to furnish the fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has underreported income in the past or fails to provide certain certifications. However, the general backup withholding rules set forth above will not apply to a shareholder so long as the shareholder furnishes the fund with the appropriate certification required by the Internal Revenue Service. The backup withholding tax rate is 28% for amounts paid through 2010. The backup withholding rate reductions will be 31% for amounts paid after December 31, 2010.
     In order for a foreign investor to qualify for exemption from (or reduced rates for) withholding tax under income tax treaties, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in the fund should consult their tax advisers in this regard.
     The fund’s transactions in options, futures contracts, hedging transactions, forward contracts, straddles and certain foreign currencies will be subject to special tax rules (including mark-to-market, constructive sale, straddle, wash sale and short sale rules), the effect of which may be to accelerate income to the fund, defer losses to the fund, cause adjustments in the holding periods of the fund’s securities, convert long-term capital gains into short-term capital gains and convert short-term capital losses into long-term capital losses. These rules could therefore affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to shareholders.
     Certain transactions effectively insulating the fund from substantially all risk of loss and all opportunity for gain in an appreciated financial position are treated as constructive sales of those positions for federal income tax purposes. Short sales, swap contracts, and forward or futures contracts to sell the appreciated position, or one or more other transactions that have substantially the same effect as those transactions as determined under regulations, are treated as “constructive sales” for this purpose. If the fund owns an appreciated financial position and enters into such a transaction it will generally recognize gain for tax purposes prior to the generation of cash by such activities, which may require the fund to sell assets to meet its distribution requirement.
     THE TAX DISCUSSION SET FORTH ABOVE IS A SUMMARY INCLUDED FOR GENERAL INFORMATION PURPOSES ONLY. EACH SHAREHOLDER IS ADVISED TO CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISER WITH RESPECT TO THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HIM OR HER OF AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND, INCLUDING THE EFFECT AND APPLICABILITY OF STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS. THIS DISCUSSION IS NOT INTENDED, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED, TO BE A SUBSTITUTE FOR CAREFUL TAX PLANNING.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
     The fund is overseen by a Board of Trustees. The Trustees are responsible for protecting shareholder interests. The trustees regularly meet to review the investment activities, contractual arrangements and the investment performance of each fund. The trustees met 3 times during the most recent fiscal year.
     Certain trustees are “interested persons.” A Trustee is considered an interested person of the Trust under the 1940 Act if he or she is, among other things, an officer, director, or an employee of Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (“CSIM”). A Trustee also may be considered an interested person of the Trust under the 1940 Act if he or she owns stock of The Charles Schwab Corporation, a publicly traded company and the parent company of the fund’s investment adviser.
     Each of the officers and/or Trustees also serves in the same capacity as described for the Trust, for the Laudus Institutional Trust. As used herein the term “Family of Investment Companies” collectively refers to the Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust which, as of June 30, 2010, included 11 funds.

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     The tables below provide information about the Trustees and officers for the Trust, which includes the fund in this SAI. The “fund Complex” includes The Charles Schwab Family of funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Schwab Strategic Trust, Laudus Trust, and Laudus Institutional Trust. As of June 30, 2010, the fund Complex included 85 funds. The address of each individual listed below is 211 Main Street, San Francisco, California 94105.
                 
NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND       NUMBER OF    
POSITION(S) WITH THE       PORTFOLIOS IN    
TRUST;       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
(TERM OF OFFICE AND   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
LENGTH OF TIME SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
Independent Trustees
Mariann Byerwalter
1960
Trustee
(January 2004 – present)
  Chairman of JDN Corporate Advisory LLC.     77     Director, Redwood Trust, Inc. (1998 – present)

Director, PMI Group Inc. (2001 – 2009)

John F. Cogan
1947
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Senior Fellow: The Hoover Institution at Stanford University (Oct. 1979 – present); Senior Fellow Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research; Professor of Public Policy, Stanford University (Sept. 1994 – present).     77     Director, Gilead Sciences, Inc. (2005 – present)

Director, Monaco Coach Corporation (2005 – 2009)
 
               
William A. Hasler 3
1941
Trustee
(January 2004 – present)
  Dean Emeritus, Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley (July 1998 – present).     77     Director, Ditech Networks Corporation (1997 – present)

Director, TOUSA (1998 – present)

Director, Mission West Properties (1998 – present)

Director, Globalstar, Inc. (2009 – present)

Director, Harris-Stratex Networks (2001 – present)

Director, Aphton Corp. (1991 – 2007)

Director, Solectron Corporation (1998 –2007)

Director, Genitope Corporation (2000 –2009)

Gerald B. Smith
1950
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Founder of Smith Graham & Co. (investment advisors) (1990 – present).     77     Lead Independent Director, Board of Cooper Industries (2002 – present)

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND       NUMBER OF    
POSITION(S) WITH THE       PORTFOLIOS IN    
TRUST;       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
(TERM OF OFFICE AND   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
LENGTH OF TIME SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
 
              Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee, Oneok Partners LP (2003 – present)
 
               
 
              Director, Oneok, Inc. (2009 – present)
 
               
Donald R. Stephens
1938
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Managing Partner, D.R. Stephens & Company (investments) (1973 – present).     77     None.
 
               
Joseph H. Wender
1944
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Senior Consultant, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. (Jan. 2008- present); Partner, Colgin Partners, LLC (vineyards) (February 1998 – present); Senior Director, Chairman of the Finance Committee, GSC Group (July 2005 – Dec. 2007); General Partner, Goldman Sachs & Co., Inc. (Oct. 1982 – June 2005).     77     Board Member and Chairman of the Audit Committee, Isis Pharmaceuticals (1994 – present)
 
               
Michael W. Wilsey
1943
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Wilsey Bennett, Inc. (real estate investment and management, and other investments).     77     None.
 
               
Interested Trustees
           
Charles R. Schwab2
1937
Chairman and Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  Chairman and Director, The Charles Schwab Corporation, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., Charles Schwab Bank, N. A.; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Schwab (SIS) Holdings Inc. I, Schwab International Holdings, Inc.; Chief Executive Officer, Schwab Holdings, Inc.; Through June 2007, Director, U.S. Trust Company, N. A., U.S. Trust Corporation, United States Trust Company of New York. Until October 2008, Chief Executive Officer, The Charles Schwab Corporation, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.     77     None.
 
               
Walter W. Bettinger II2
1960
Trustee
(January 2010 – present)
  As of October 2008, President and Chief Executive Officer, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and The Charles Schwab Corporation. Since October 2008, Director, The Charles Schwab     85     None.

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH,            
AND       NUMBER OF    
POSITION(S) WITH THE       PORTFOLIOS IN    
TRUST;       FUND COMPLEX   OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
(TERM OF OFFICE AND   PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS   OVERSEEN BY   DURING THE PAST FIVE
LENGTH OF TIME SERVED1)   DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS   THE TRUSTEE   YEARS
 
  Corporation. Since May 2008, Director, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and Schwab Holdings, Inc. Since 2006, Director, Charles Schwab Bank.
From 2004 through 2007, Executive Vice President and President, Schwab Investor Services. From 2004 through 2005, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Individual Investor Enterprise, and from 2002 through 2004, Executive Vice President, Corporate Services.
           
 
               
 
  Until October 2008, President and Chief Operating Officer, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and The Charles Schwab Corporation.            
                 
NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH, AND                
POSITION(S) WITH THE TRUST;                
(TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF                
TIME SERVED3)               PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
Randall W. Merk
1954
President and Chief Executive Officer
(July 2007 – March 2008, July 2010 – present)
              Executive Vice President and President, Investment Management Services, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (August 2004 – present); Executive Vice President, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (2002 – present); Director (Sept. 2006 – present), President and Chief Executive Officer (August 2007-present), Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.; Director, Charles Schwab Asset Management (Ireland) Limited and Charles Schwab Worldwide funds PLC (Sept. 2002 – present); President and Chief Executive Officer, Schwab Strategic Trust (Oct. 2009 – present); Trustee, Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (June 2006 – December 2009); President and Chief Executive Officer, Excelsior funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt funds, Inc. and Excelsior funds Trust (June 2006 – June 2007).
 
               
George Pereira
1964
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(June 2006 – present)
              Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (November 2004 – present); Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer, Schwab funds and Schwab ETFs (2009 – present); Director, Charles Schwab Worldwide fund, PLC and Charles Schwab Asset Management (Ireland) Limited (Sept. 2002 – present); Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer, Excelsior funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt funds, Inc., and Excelsior funds Trust (June 2006 – June 2007).

Koji E. Felton
1961
Vice President and Assistant Clerk
(February 2010 – present)
              Senior Vice President, Chief Counsel and Corporate Secretary, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (July 2000 – present); Senior Vice President and Deputy General Counsel, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (June 1998 – present); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Schwab funds (Nov. 1998 – present); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer, Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 – present); Chief Legal Officer and Secretary, Excelsior funds Inc., Excelsior Tax-Exempt funds, Inc., and Excelsior funds Trust (June 2006 – June 2007).

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NAME, YEAR OF BIRTH, AND                
POSITION(S) WITH THE TRUST;                
(TERM OF OFFICE AND LENGTH OF                
TIME SERVED3)               PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS
Catherine MacGregor
1964
Chief Legal Officer, Vice President and Clerk
(December 2005 – present)
              Vice President, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (July 2005 – present); Vice President, Schwab funds (2005 – present), Vice President of Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 – present).
 
               
Michael Haydel
1972
Vice President
(June 2005 – present)
              Vice President, Asset Management Client Services, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (2004 – present); Vice President, Schwab funds (2005 – present); Vice President, Schwab ETFs (Oct. 2009 – present).
 
1   Trustees remain in office until they resign, retire or are removed by shareholder vote. The Laudus funds retirement policy requires that independent trustees retire at age 72 or after 20 years of service as a trustee, whichever comes first. In addition, the Laudus funds retirement policy also requires any independent trustee of the Laudus funds who also serves as an independent trustee of the Schwab funds to retire from the Boards of Trustees of the Laudus funds upon their required retirement date from either the Boards of Trustees of the Schwab funds or the Laudus funds, whichever comes first. Independent trustees will retire on the following schedule: Messrs. Stephens and Wilsey will retire on December 31, 2010.
 
2   Messrs. Schwab and Bettinger are Interested Trustees because they are employees of Schwab and/or the investment adviser. In addition to their employment with Schwab and/or the investment adviser, Messrs. Schwab and Bettinger also own stock of The Charles Schwab Corporation.
 
3   The President, Treasurer and Clerk hold office until their respective successors are chosen and qualified or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each of the other officers serves at the pleasure of the Board.
Board Leadership Structure
The Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Charles R. Schwab, is Chairman of the Board of Directors of The Charles Schwab Corporation and an interested person of the Trust as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Trust does not have a single lead independent trustee. The Board is comprised of a super-majority (77 percent) of trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (i.e., “independent trustees”). There are four primary committees of the Board: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Governance Committee; the Investment Oversight Committee; and the Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee. Each of the Committees is chaired by an independent trustee, and each Committee is comprised solely of independent trustees. The Committee chairs preside at Committee meetings, participate in formulating agendas for those meetings, and coordinate with management to serve as a liaison between the independent trustees and management on matters within the scope of the responsibilities of each Committee as set forth in its Board-approved charter. The Board has determined that this leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Board made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the independent trustees of the funds of the Trust constitute a super-majority of the Board, the fact that Committee chairs are independent trustees, the number of series (and classes) overseen by the Board, and the total number of trustees on the Board.
Board Oversight of Risk Management
The Board of Trustees’ role in the risk oversight of the Trust consists of monitoring risks identified during regular and special reports to the Committees of the Board, as well as regular and special reports to the full Board. In addition to monitoring such risks, the Committees and the Board oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage

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risks to which the Trust may be exposed. For example, the Investment Oversight Committee meets with portfolio managers and receives regular reports regarding investment risk and credit risk of a fund’s portfolio. The Audit and Compliance Committee meets with the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Financial Officer and receives regular reports regarding operational risks and risks related to the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee receives regular reports regarding risks related to distribution of the Trust’s shares. Oversight of compliance risks also is within the purview of each of the Committees with respect to their designated areas of responsibility. From its review of these reports and discussions with management, each Committee learns in detail about the material risks of each series of the Trust, enabling the independent Committee chairs and other independent members of the Committees to discuss these risks with the full Board, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers mitigate those risks.
Individual Trustee Qualifications
The Board has concluded that each of the trustees should initially and continue to serve on the Board because of (i) his or her ability to review and understand information about the Trust provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management regarding material factors bearing on the management of the Trust, and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Trust’s shareholders and (ii) the trustee’s experience, qualifications, attributes or skills as described below.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Bettinger should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained as president and chief executive officer of The Charles Schwab Corporation, his knowledge of and experience in the financial services industry, and the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2008.
The Board has concluded that Ms. Byerwalter should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience she gained as chairman of her own corporate advisory and consulting firm and as former chief financial officer of a university and a bank, the experience she has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2000 and the Laudus funds since 2004, and her service on other public company and mutual insurance company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Cogan should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained serving as a senior fellow and professor of public policy at a university and his former service in government, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2008, and his service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Hasler should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained serving as former vice chair of the consulting practice of an accounting firm and as former co-chief executive officer of a public company, his service as former dean of a business school, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2000 and the Laudus funds since 2004, his service on other public company boards, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Schwab should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as founder and chairman of the board of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., and subsequently its parent corporation, The Charles Schwab Corporation, his experience in and knowledge of the financial services industry, the experience he has gained serving as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Schwab funds since their inception, and his former service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Smith should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as managing partner of his own investment advisory firm, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2000, his service on other public company boards, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Investment Oversight Committee.

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The Board has concluded that Mr. Stephens should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as managing partner of his own investment firm and former chairman and chief executive officer of a real estate investment trust, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since their inception, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Services Committee.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Wender should serve as trustee of the Trust because of the experience he gained serving as former partner and chairman of the finance committee of an investment bank, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since 2008, and his service on other public company boards.
The Board has concluded that Mr. Wilsey should serve as a trustee of the Trust because of the experience he has gained as chief executive officer of his own transportation and real estate investment firm, the experience he has gained serving as trustee of the Schwab funds since their inception, and his experience serving as Chair of the Trust’s Governance Committee.
Trustee Committees
          Prior to February 25, 2010, the Trustees had established an Audit and Compliance Committee and a Nominating Committee. At the February 25, 2010 Board meeting, the Trustees revised the Committee structure of the Board and adopted Committee charters with respect to each of those new Committees, as described below:
     • The Audit and Compliance Committee reviews the integrity of the Trust’s financial reporting processes and compliance policies, procedures and processes, and the Trust’s overall system of internal controls. The Audit and Compliance Committee also reviews and evaluates the qualifications, independence and performance of the Trust’s independent auditors. This Committee is comprised of at least three Independent Trustees and currently has the following members: William A. Hasler (Chairman), Mariann Byerwalter and John F. Cogan. The charter directs that the Committee must meet four times annually, with additional meetings as the Committee deems appropriate. The Committee met 1 time during the most recent fiscal year. Prior to February 25, 2010, the members of the Audit and Compliance Committee were Mr. Hasler, Ms. Byerwalter and Nils Hakansson (Chairman) (a former independent Trustee who retired effective December 31, 2009). That Committee met three times during the most fiscal recent year.
     • The Governance Committee (formerly the Nominating Committee) reviews and makes recommendations to the Board regarding Trust governance-related matters, including but not limited to Board compensation practices, retirement policies and term limits, Board self-evaluations, the effectiveness and allocation of assignments and functions by the Board, the composition of Committees of the Board, and the training of Trustees. The Governance Committee is also responsible for selecting and nominating candidates to serve as Trustees. The Governance Committee does not have a policy with respect to consideration of candidates for Trustee submitted by shareholders. However, if the Governance Committee determined that it would be in the best interests of the Trust to fill a vacancy on the Board of Trustees, and a shareholder submitted a candidate for consideration by the Board of Trustees to fill the vacancy, the Governance Committee would evaluate that candidate. This Committee is comprised of at least three Independent Trustees and currently has the following members: Michael W. Wilsey (Chairman), Mariann Byerwalter, John F. Cogan, and William A. Hasler. The charter directs that the Committee meets at such times and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met 1 time during the most recent fiscal year. Prior to February 25, 2010, the members of the former Nominating Committee were Mr. Hasler, Ms. Byerwalter and Nils Hakansson (a former independent Trustee who retired effective December 31, 2009). That Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
     • The Investment Oversight Committee reviews the investment activities of the Trust and the performance of the fund’s investment advisers. This Committee is comprised of at least three Trustees (at least two-thirds of whom shall be Independent Trustees) and currently has the following members: Gerald B. Smith (Chairman), Donald R. Stephens, Joseph H. Wender, and Michael W. Wilsey. The charter directs that the Committee meet at such times

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and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
     • The Marketing, Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Committee reviews matters relating to the marketing of the fund’s shares; oversees the quality and cost of shareholder services provided to the Trust and its shareholders pursuant to the shareholder servicing and/or administrative service plans; oversees the Trust’s distribution-related arrangements, including the distribution-related services provided to the Trust and its shareholders; and reviews new products and changes to existing products. This Committee is comprised of at least two Trustees (at least two-thirds of whom shall be Independent Trustees) and currently has the following members: Donald R. Stephens (Chairman), Gerald B. Smith, and Joseph H. Wender. The charter directs that the Committee meet at such times and with such frequency as is deemed necessary or appropriate by the Committee. The Committee met one time during the most recent fiscal year.
Trustee Compensation
          The following table provides trustee compensation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010.
                                 
                            TOTAL
            PENSION OR           COMPENSATION
            RETIREMENT           FROM
    AGGREGATE   BENEFITS   ESTIMATED   REGISTRANT
    COMPENSATION   ACCRUED AS   ANNUAL   AND FUND
NAME OF   FROM   PART OF FUND   BENEFITS UPON   COMPLEX2 PAID
PERSON   REGISTRANT   EXPENSES1   RETIREMENT*   TO TRUSTEES
TRUSTEES:
                               
Interested Trustees
                               
Charles R. Schwab3
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Walter W. Bettinger3
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Randall W. Merk4
  $ 0     $ 0     $ 0     $ 0  
Independent Trustees
                               
Mariann Byerwalter
  $ 43,555     $ 24,898     $ 24,898     $ 281,251  
William A. Hasler
  $ 43,555     $ 24,898     $ 24,898     $ 281,251  
John F. Cogan3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Gerald B. Smith3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 273,376  
Donald R. Stephens3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Joseph H. Wender3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 236,001  
Michael W. Wilsey3
  $ 3,281     $ 0     $ 0     $ 218,112  
Nils Hakansson4
  $ 40,274     $ 175,007     $ 175,007     $ 45,250  
 
1   Cumulative.
 
2   As of March 31, 2010, the fund Complex consisted of 85 funds, which included the 11 operational series of the Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust and 74 operational series of the The Charles Schwab Family of funds, Schwab Capital Trust, Schwab Investments, Schwab Annuity Portfolios and Schwab Strategic Trust.
 
3   Elected to Board effective January 1, 2010.
 
4   Retained or resigned from the Board effective December 31, 2009.
 
*   Lump sun payment.
     A retirement plan was instituted for all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust and Trustees of the Laudus Institutional Trust (the “Retirement Plan”). Under the terms of the Retirement Plan, upon retirement or other termination from service from the Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (other than termination for cause), a retiring Independent

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Trustee who has served as Independent Trustee for at least five years shall be paid a lump sum cash payment (the “Retirement Payment”). The Retirement Payment shall be equal to $10,000 for each year that the Trustee served as an Independent Trustee of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust, including years of service prior to the adoption of the Retirement Plan. Each Independent Trustee was permitted to make a one-time election to have the $10,000 attributable to service for the coming year adjusted up or down at the end of each subsequent year based on the unweighted average performance of the lowest cost share class of each fund of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust that is in operation for all of such year. Each Independent Trustee also was given the opportunity to make a one-time election to have previously accrued benefits fluctuate beginning April 1, 2005 based on performance of the fund as described in the previous sentence. As a result, the amount of the Retirement Payment payable to any Independent Trustee may increase or decrease based upon performance of the funds. The portion of the total Retirement Payment owed to an Independent Trustee upon his or her retirement that is payable by any fund will be determined based on the relative net assets of the funds of the Trust in operation on the date of the Independent Trustee’s retirement.
     Effective June 28, 2006, the Retirement Plan terminated with respect to new Participants. With respect to Participants prior to June 26, 2006 (a “Current Participant”), the Account Balance of each Current Participant under the Plan was frozen at the value determined as of September 29, 2006, except that each Account Balance was credited with an amount equal to one-half of the amount that would be credited to such Account Balance as of the last day of the Plan Year ending March 31, 2007. The terms of the Plan, including without limitation provisions relating to vesting and payment upon termination of service, remain in full force and effect.
Securities Beneficially Owned by Each Trustee
The following table provides each Trustee’s equity ownership of the fund and ownership of all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee in the Family of Investment Companies as of December 31, 2009.
                 
    Dollar Range of Equity   Aggregate Dollar Range of
    Securities   Equity Securities in the Family
Name of Trustee   in the fund   of Investment Companies1
Independent Trustees:
               
Mariann Byerwalter
  $ 0     $ 0  
John F. Cogan
  $ 0     $ 0  
William A. Hasler
  $ 10,001–50,000     Over $100,000
Gerald B. Smith
  $ 0     $ 0  
Donald R. Stephens
  $ 0     $ 0  
Joseph H. Wender
  $ 0     $ 0  
Michael W. Wilsey
  $ 0     $ 0  
Interested Trustee:
               
Charles R. Schwab
  $ 0     Over $100,000
Walter W. Bettinger II
  $ 0     $ 0  
 
1   As of December 31, 2009, the Family of Investment Companies consisted of the 11 operational series of the Trust and the Laudus Institutional Trust.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
ADVISORY AGREEMENTS

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     After their initial two year terms, the continuation of the fund’s advisory agreements must be specifically approved at least annually (1) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the fund and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the investment advisory agreements or “interested persons” of any party (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. If the shareholders of the fund fail to approve an advisory agreement, CSIM and the Subadviser, as applicable, may continue to serve under their agreement in the manner and to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act.
     After their initial two year terms, each year, the Board of Trustees will call and hold one or more meetings to decide whether to renew the advisory agreement between Laudus Trust (the “Trust”) and CSIM (the “Investment Adviser”), and the sub-advisory agreement between CSIM and UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (“UBS Global AM” or the “Subadviser”) with respect to the fund. In preparation for the meetings, the Board requests and reviews a wide variety of materials provided by CSIM and UBS Global AM as well as extensive data provided by third parties and the Independent Trustees receive advice from counsel to the Independent Trustees.
     CSIM oversees the advisory services provided to the fund. Pursuant to a separate sub-advisory agreement, and under the supervision of the Investment Adviser and the fund’s Board of Trustees, UBS Global AM is responsible for the day-to-day investment management of the fund’s assets. UBS Global AM also is responsible for managing their employees who provide services to the fund.
About CSIM
     CSIM is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Charles Schwab Corporation. Both CSIM and The Charles Schwab Corporation are located at 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105.
     Principal Executive Officer and Directors — Listed below are the directors and principal executive officer of CSIM. The principal business address of each director and the principal executive officer, as it relates to their duties at CSIM, is the same as above.
     
NAME   POSITION
Randall W. Merk
  Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
   
Charles R. Schwab
  Chairman and Director
     As disclosed in the Prospectus under the heading “Management of the fund,” under a management contract (the “Management Contract”) between the Trust, on behalf of the fund, and CSIM, subject to the supervision of the Trustees of the Trust and such policies as the Trustees may determine, CSIM furnishes office space and equipment, provides certain bookkeeping and clerical services and pays all salaries, fees and expenses of officers and Trustees of the Trust who are affiliated with CSIM. In addition, pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between CSIM and UBS Global AM, UBS Global AM will continuously furnish an investment program for the fund and will make investment decisions on behalf of the fund and place all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities.
     The fund has agreed to pay CSIM a monthly management fee at an annual percentage rate of the fund’s average daily net assets. The table below shows the advisory fee payable to CSIM by the fund.
         
First $500 million
    0.70 %
$500 million to $1 billion
    0.65 %
$1 billion to $1.5 billion
    0.60 %
$1.5 billion to $2 billion
    0.575 %
Above $2 billion
    0.55 %
     CSIM has agreed with the Trust that it will waive some or all of its management fees under the Management Contract and, if necessary, will bear certain expenses of the fund until at least July 30, 2012 (unless the waiver is extended, modified or terminated by mutual agreement of the Trust and CSIM; provided that termination by CSIM must be

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authorized by the Board of Trustees) so that the fund’s total annual operating expenses (exclusive of nonrecurring account fees, fees on securities transactions such as exchange fees, service fees, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, other expenditures which are capitalized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of the fund’s business, such as shareholder meeting costs) will not exceed the limit stated in the Prospectus. The expense limitation also does not cover fees and expenses of pooled investment vehicles, such as ETFs, REITs and other investment companies that are held by the fund. In addition, CSIM’s compensation under the Management Contract is subject to reduction to the extent that in any year the expenses of the fund (including investment advisory fees but excluding taxes, portfolio brokerage commissions and any distribution and shareholder service expenses paid by a class of shares of the fund pursuant to a distribution and shareholder service plan or otherwise) exceed the limits on investment company expenses imposed by any statute or regulatory authority of any jurisdiction in which shares of the fund are qualified for offer and sale.
     The Management Contract provides that CSIM shall not be subject to any liability to the Trust or to any shareholder of the Trust in connection with the performance of its services thereunder in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
     The Management Contract automatically terminates on assignment and is terminable on not more than 60 days’ notice by the Trust to CSIM or by CSIM to the Trust.
     For the period of July 13, 2009 to March 31, 2010, the fund owed (and, to the extent not waived paid to) CSIM as management fees $810,453 and CSIM, in its capacity as adviser, has waived and reimbursed to the fund $257,160.
SUBADVISORY AGREEMENT
     CSIM has entered into an agreement on behalf of the fund with UBS Global AM by which it acts as subadviser to the fund (the “Subadviser Agreement”). Under the Subadviser Agreement, UBS Global AM, at its expense, continuously furnishes an investment management program for the fund and makes investment decisions on behalf of the fund and places all orders for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities and all other investments, subject to the supervision of CSIM and the Trustees.
     UBS Global AM, with its principal office located at One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, manages the assets of the fund. UBS Global AM is an investment management firm managing approximately $143 billion, as of March 31, 2010, primarily for institutional, pension and profit sharing funds. UBS Global AM is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of UBS AG and a member of the UBS Global Asset Management Division, which had approximately $560 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2010.
Subadvisory Fee
     This section describes the subadvisory fee payable by CSIM to UBS Global AM. Please remember, however, that the following fees described are paid by CSIM to UBS Global AM; they do not affect how much you pay or the fund pays.
         
First $100 million
    0.35 %
Over $100 million to $250 million
    0.33 %
Over $250 million to $500 million
    0.30 %
Over $500 million to $1 billion
    0.25 %
Over $1 billion to $1.5 billion
    0.23 %
Over $1.5 billion to $2 billion
    0.21 %
Over $2 billion
    0.20 %
     On July 13, 2009, the fund acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the UBS U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund (“UBS Fund”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization approved by the UBS Fund’s shareholders (the “Reorganization”). In connection with the Reorganization, UBS Global AM and CSIM have entered into an agreement regarding UBS Global AM’s and CSIM’s cooperation in realigning responsibilities for the assets and shareholders of the

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fund (the “Agreement”). The Agreement commits CSIM to using commercially reasonable efforts to provide UBS Global AM with the same notice and opportunity to defend the Subadviser Agreement to the Laudus Trust’s Board of Trustees as is given to CSIM with respect to the Management Contract, and subject to certain conditions, provides that CSIM will pay compensation to UBS Global AM in the event that UBS Global AM is terminated as investment subadviser to the fund during its first two years of operation, provided, however, CSIM will have no obligation to pay compensation to UBS Global AM in the event UBS Global AM is terminated with cause by CSIM or the Laudus Trust’s Board of Trustees. The amount of compensation owed to UBS Global AM upon its termination, if any, is based on a formula that takes into account when UBS Global AM is terminated, the circumstances surrounding the termination, and the amount of compensation received under the Subadviser Agreement by UBS Global AM in the month prior to the termination. The Agreement further commits CSIM, subject to its fiduciary duty, to using commercially reasonable efforts to promote the continuation of UBS Global AM as the sub-adviser of the fund. As a result of the Agreement, CSIM will have a material economic interest in avoiding the termination of UBS Global AM.
     For the period of July 13, 2009 to March 31, 2010, CSIM owed (and, to the extent not waived, paid to) UBS Global AM as subadvisory fee $389,917, and UBS Global AM in its capacity as Subadviser, has waived $0.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
Administrative Services. The Trust has entered into a fund Administration Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Administrator”) pursuant to which the Administrator provides certain management and administrative services necessary for the fund’s operations including: (i) regulatory compliance, including the compilation of information for documents such as reports to, and filings with, the SEC and state securities commissions, and preparation of proxy statements and shareholder reports for the fund; (ii) general supervision relative to the compilation of data required for the preparation of periodic reports distributed to the fund’s officers and Board of Trustees; and (iii) furnishing office space and certain facilities required for conducting the business of the fund. For these services, the Administrator is entitled to receive $1,000 per annum, as well as a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Trust (the “Administrator’s Asset-Based Fee”). In calculating the Administrator Asset Based-Fee payable by the Trust, the assets of the Trust are aggregated with the average daily net assets of certain of the other portfolios for which CSIM serves as investment adviser and State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as administrator(1). The Administrator’s Asset-Based Fee will be calculated as follows:
         
AVERAGE DAILY NET ASSETS   FEE
First $100 billion
  0.11 bp
Next $60 billion
  0.07 bp
Thereafter
  0.05 bp
 
(1)   In addition to the portfolio of the Trust, this list includes each of the portfolios of the Laudus Institutional Trust, Schwab Investments, The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, and Schwab Capital Trust.
     For the period of July 13, 2009 to March 31, 2010, State Street Bank and Trust Company in its capacity as Administrator was entitled to receive $3,604, and waived, $0.
     The Trust also has entered into a fund Accounting Agreement with State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “fund Accountant”) pursuant to which the fund Accountant provides certain accounting services necessary for the fund’s operations. For these services, the fund Accountant is entitled to receive a base fee of $29,000 per annum for the fund. The fund Accountant is also entitled to a fee based on the average daily net assets of the Trust (the “fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee”). In calculating the fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee payable by the Trust, the assets of the Trust are aggregated with the average daily net assets of certain of the portfolios for which CSIM serves as investment adviser and State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as fund accountant (see footnote 1 above). The fund Accountant’s Asset-Based Fee will be calculated as follows:
         
AVERAGE DAILY NET ASSETS   FEE
First $100 billion
  0.25 bp
Next $60 billion
  0.18 bp
Thereafter
  0.13 bp

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     In addition, the fund Accountant is entitled to a per security pricing fee based on the monthly holdings of the fund equal to $2 for equity securities and $8 for fixed income securities. Lastly, the fund Accountant is entitled to a fair valuation fee of $4,000 per annum.
     For the period of July 13, 2009 to March 31, 2010, State Street Bank and Trust Company in its capacity as fund Accountant was entitled to receive $12,983, and waived, $0.
     Distributor. As stated in the Prospectus under the heading “Management of the Fund — Distributor,” shares of the fund are sold on a continuous basis by the Trust’s distributor, ALPS Distributors, Inc. (the “Distributor”). The Distributor’s principal offices are located at 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado, 80203. Under the contract between the Trust and the Distributor (the “Distributor’s Contract”), the Distributor is not obligated to sell any specific amount of shares of the Trust and will purchase shares for resale only against orders for shares.
     The Distributor’s Contract may be terminated with respect to the fund at any time on 60 days’ written notice without penalty either by the Distributor, by the fund, or by the Trust and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment.
     The Distributor’s Contract will continue in effect for two years and thereafter for successive one-year periods, provided that each such continuance is specifically approved (i) by the Trust’s Board of Trustees or (ii) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the fund, provided that in either event the continuance is also approved by a majority of the Independent Trustees of the Trust by vote cast in person at a meeting called for that purpose.
     CSIM may pay certain Intermediaries (as defined below) for performing shareholder, recordkeeping, administrative, transfer agency or other services for their customers. In addition, CSIM may pay certain Intermediaries for providing distribution, marketing or promotional services. The payments described by this paragraph are not paid by the fund or its shareholders and may be substantial.
     Shares of the fund may be sold to corporations or other institutions such as trusts, foundations, broker-dealers or other intermediaries purchasing for the accounts of others (collectively, “Intermediaries”). Investors purchasing and redeeming shares of the fund through an Intermediary may be charged a transaction-based fee or other fee for the services provided by the Intermediary. Each such Intermediary is responsible for transmitting to its customers a schedule of any such fees and information regarding any additional or different conditions with respect to purchases and redemptions of fund shares. Customers of Intermediaries should read this SAI in light of the terms governing accounts with their particular organization.
     For the period of July 13, 2009 to March 31, 2010, ALPS Distributor, Inc. did not incurr distribution expenses or pay intermediaries.
     Custodial Arrangements. The Trust’s custodian is State Street Bank and Trust Company (in such capacity, the “Custodian”), One Lincoln Street, Boston, MA 02111. As such, the Custodian holds in safekeeping certificated securities and cash belonging to the Trust and, in such capacity, is the registered owner of securities in book-entry form belonging to the fund. Upon instruction, the Custodian receives and delivers cash and securities of the fund in connection with fund transactions and collects all dividends and other distributions made with respect to fund portfolio securities.
     Transfer Agent. Boston Financial Data Services, Inc., located at Two Heritage Drive Quincy, MA 02171, provides transfer agency and dividend disbursing agent services for the fund. As part of these services, the firm maintains records pertaining to the sale, redemption and transfer of the fund’s shares and distributes the fund’s cash distributions to shareholders.
     Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm is

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PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111. The firm conducts an annual audit of the financial statements, assists in the preparation of the Trust’s federal and state income tax returns and filings with the SEC, and consults with the Trust as to matters of accounting and federal and state income taxation.
     Codes of Ethics. Each of the Trust (on behalf of the fund), CSIM, UBS Global AM and the Distributor (as the fund’s principal underwriter) have adopted codes of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. Each permits personnel subject thereto to invest in securities subject to certain conditions or restrictions. CSIM’s Code of Ethics permits personnel to buy or sell, directly or indirectly, securities for their own accounts. This includes securities that may be purchased or held by the funds CSIM manages. Securities transactions by some of these individuals are subject to prior approval of CSIM’s Chief Compliance Officer or designee and are subject to certain restrictions. Covered securities transactions are subject to quarterly and annual reporting and review requirements. UBS Global AM’s Code of Ethics permits personnel to buy or sell securities for their own accounts and accounts for which they are the beneficial owner so long as the investment does not lead to an actual or potential conflict of interest. This includes securities that may be purchased or held by the funds UBS Global AM advises or subadvises. Securities transactions may be subject to prior approval of UBS Global AM’s Chief Compliance Officer or his or her alternate. Most securities transactions are subject to quarterly reporting and review requirements. The Distributor’s Code of Ethics permits personnel subject thereto to invest in securities, including securities that the fund may purchase or hold, so long as the individual, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her duties, does not have knowledge of a pending buy or sell order by the fund. In such cases where such knowledge may exist, the individual is prohibited from engaging in such transactions while the buy or sell order is pending.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER
UBS Global AM acts as subadviser to the fund. Presented below is information about the portfolio manager of the fund as identified in the fund’s prospectus.
     Other Accounts. The following table provides information relating to other accounts managed by the portfolio manager as of May 31, 2010. The accounts listed below are not subject to a performance-based advisory fee.
                                                 
    Registered Investment   Other Pooled Investment   Other Accounts
    Companies   Vehicles   (separate accounts)
            Total           Total           Total
    Number of   Assets (in   Number of   Assets (in   Number of   Assets (in
Name   accounts   millions)   accounts   millions)   accounts   millions)
Lawrence Kemp
    5     $ 2,395       5     $ 2,175       12     $ 2,964  
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The portfolio management team’s management of the Trust and other accounts could result in potential conflicts of interest if the Trust and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks and fees because the portfolio management team must allocate its time and investment expertise across multiple accounts, including the Trust. A portfolio manager and his or her team manage the Trust and other accounts utilizing a model portfolio approach that groups similar accounts within a model portfolio. UBS Global AM manages accounts according to the appropriate model portfolio, including where possible, those accounts that have specific investment restrictions. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across accounts, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest.
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one account or model portfolio, the Trust may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible model portfolios and accounts. To deal with these situations, UBS Global AM has adopted procedures for allocating portfolio trades across multiple accounts to provide fair treatment to all accounts.

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The management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest. UBS Global AM has adopted a Code of Ethics that governs such personal trading but there is no assurance that the Code will adequately address all such conflicts.
UBS AG (“UBS”) is a worldwide full-service investment banking, broker-dealer, asset management and financial services organization. As a result, UBS Global AM and UBS (including, for these purposes, their directors, partners, officers and employees) worldwide, including the entities and personnel who may be involved in the investment activities and business operations of the Trust are engaged in businesses and have interests other than that of managing the Trust. These activities and interests include potential multiple advisory, transactional, financial, consultative, and other interests in transactions, companies, securities and other instruments that may be engaged in, purchased or sold by the Trust.
UBS Global AM may purchase or sell, or recommend for purchase or sale, for the Trust or its other accounts securities of companies: (i) with respect to which its affiliates act as an investment banker or financial adviser; (ii) with which its affiliates have other confidential relationships; (iii) in which its affiliates maintain a position or (iv) for which its affiliates make a market; or in which it or its officers, directors or employees or those of its affiliates own securities or otherwise have an interest. Except to the extent prohibited by law or regulation or by client instruction, UBS Global AM may recommend to the Trust or its other clients, or purchase for the Trust or its other clients, securities of issuers in which UBS has an interest as described in this paragraph.
From time to time and subject to client approval, UBS Global AM may rely on certain affiliates to execute trades for the Trust or its other accounts. For each security transaction effected by UBS, UBS Global AM may compensate and UBS may retain such compensation for effecting the transaction, and UBS Global AM may receive affiliated group credit for generating such business.
Transactions undertaken by UBS or client accounts managed by UBS (“Client Accounts”) may adversely impact the Trust. UBS and one or more Client Accounts may buy or sell positions while the Trust is undertaking the same or a differing, including potentially opposite, strategy, which could disadvantage the Trust.
DESCRIPTION OF COMPENSATION STRUCTURE
UBS Global Asset Management’s compensation and benefits programs are designed to provide its investment professionals with incentives to excel, and to promote an entrepreneurial, performance-oriented culture. They also align the interests of investment professionals with those of clients.
The total compensation received by the portfolio managers and analysts at UBS Global Asset Management, including the Trust’s portfolio manager, has up to three basic components – a fixed component (base salary and benefits), a variable cash component and, over a certain total compensation threshold, a variable deferred component. These are described in more detail below:
  The fixed component (base salary and benefits) is set to be competitive in the industry and is monitored and adjusted periodically with reference to the relevant local labor market in order to remain so. The fixed component is used to recognize the experience, skills and knowledge that portfolio managers and analysts bring to their roles.
 
  Variable compensation is determined annually on a discretionary basis. It is correlated with the individual’s financial and non-financial contribution and with the performance of their respective function, UBS Global Asset Management and UBS as a whole. As its name implies, variable compensation can be variable and is delivered in cash and, over a certain total compensation threshold, deferred.
 
  Variable deferred – employees may have a portion of their variable compensation deferred. The main deferral plan is the UBS Global Asset Management Equity Ownership Plan (Global AM EOP) which vests over a three year period. Through the Global AM EOP, investments are made in some combination of vehicles aligned to selected UBS Global Asset Management funds, UBS shares or notional shares. UBS Global Asset Management

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    believes that, not only does this deferral plan reinforce the critical importance of creating long-term business value, it also serves as an effective retention tool.
UBS Global Asset Management strongly believes that tying portfolio managers’ variable compensation to both the short-term and longer-term performance of their portfolios closely aligns the portfolio managers’ interests with those of the firm’s clients. The total variable compensation available generally will depend on the firm’s overall profitability.
The allocation of the variable compensation pool to each portfolio manager is linked to the investment performance of the fund relative to its benchmark, the Russell 1000 Index and, where appropriate peer strategies, over one and three years for Equities.
For analysts, variable compensation is, in general, based on the performance of some combination of model and/or client portfolios, generally evaluated over one and three years and coupled with a qualitative assessment of their contribution.
Ownership of Fund Shares. As of June 30, 2010, the portfolio manager beneficially owned shares of the fund as follows.
     
Lawrence Kemp
  $100,001 — $500,000
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
     UBS Global AM is responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the fund and for the placement of the fund’s portfolio business and the negotiation of commissions, if any, paid on such transactions. Fixed income securities in which the fund invests are traded in the over-the-counter market. These securities are generally traded on a net basis with dealers acting as principal for their own accounts without a stated commission, although the bid/ask spread quoted on securities includes an implicit profit to the dealers. In over-the-counter transactions, orders are placed directly with a principal market-maker unless a better price and execution can be obtained by using a broker. Brokerage commissions are paid on transactions in listed securities, futures contracts and options thereon. UBS Global AM is responsible for effecting portfolio transactions and will do so in a manner deemed fair and reasonable to the fund. Upon approval of CSIM, UBS Global AM may be authorized to utilize the trading desk of its affiliates to execute securities transactions in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
     The primary consideration in all portfolio transactions will be prompt execution of orders in an efficient manner at the most favorable price. However, subject to policies established by the Board of the Trust, the fund may pay a broker-dealer a commission for effecting a portfolio transaction for the fund in excess of the amount of commission another broker-dealer would have charged if UBS Global AM determines in good faith that the commission paid was reasonable in relation to the brokerage or research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of that particular transaction or such firm’s overall responsibilities with respect to the clients, including the fund, as to which UBS Global AM exercises investment discretion. In selecting and monitoring broker-dealers and negotiating commissions, UBS Global AM considers the firm’s reliability, the quality of its execution services on a continuing basis and its financial condition. When more than one firm is believed to meet these criteria, preference may be given to brokers who provide research or statistical material or other services to the fund or UBS Global AM. Such services include advice, both directly and in writing, as to the value of the securities; the advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities; and the availability of securities, or purchasers or sellers of securities, as well as analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. This allows UBS Global AM to supplement its own investment research activities and obtain the views and information of others prior to making investment decisions. UBS Global AM is of the opinion that, because this material must be analyzed and reviewed by its staff, the receipt and use of such material does not tend to reduce expenses but may benefit the fund by supplementing UBS Global AM’s research.
     UBS Global AM effects portfolio transactions for other investment companies and advisory accounts. Research services furnished by dealers through whom the fund effects its securities transactions may be used by UBS Global AM,

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or its affiliated investment advisors, in servicing all of their accounts; not all such services may be used in connection with the fund. In the opinion of UBS Global AM, it is not possible to measure separately the benefits from research services to each of the accounts (including the fund). UBS Global AM will attempt to equitably allocate portfolio transactions among the fund and others whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or sell securities by the fund and another. In making such allocations between the fund and others, the main factors to be considered are the respective investment objectives, the relative size of portfolio holdings of the same or comparable securities, the availability of cash for investment, the size of investment commitments generally held and the opinions of the persons responsible for recommending investments to the fund and the others. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse effect on the fund. In the opinion of UBS Global AM, however, the results of such procedures will, on the whole, be in the best interest of each of the clients.
When buying or selling securities, the fund may pay commissions to brokers who are affiliated with UBS Global AM or the fund in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The fund may purchase securities in certain underwritten offerings for which an affiliate of the fund or UBS Global AM may act as an underwriter in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board. The fund may effect futures transactions through, and pay commissions to, futures commissions merchants who are affiliated with UBS Global AM or the fund in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board.
     For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2010, the fund paid $162,889 in brokerage commissions.
REGULAR BROKER-DEALERS
The fund’s regular broker-dealers during its most recent fiscal year would be: (1) the ten broker-dealers that received the greatest dollar amount of brokerage commissions from the fund; (2) the ten broker-dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions; and (3) the ten broker-dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of a fund’s shares. As of March 31, 2010, the fund held securities issued by the following regular broker-dealers:
Value of fund’s Holdings as of March 31, 2010
         
Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund
 
JP Morgan Securities, Inc.
The Royal Bank of Scotland
 
$3,884,000.00
$2,470,000.00
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
     The Trust is an open-end series investment company organized as a Massachusetts business trust. A copy of the Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”), is on file with the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The fiscal year of the Trust ends on March 31. The Trust changed its name to “Barr Rosenberg Series Trust” from “Rosenberg Series Trust” on August 5, 1996. Effective March 30, 2004, the Trust changed its name to the “Laudus Trust.”
     Interests in the Trust’s portfolios are currently represented by shares of 9 series, the Laudus Rosenberg U.S. Discovery Fund, Laudus Rosenberg U.S. Large Capitalization Fund, Laudus Rosenberg International Small Capitalization Fund, Laudus Rosenberg International Discovery Fund, Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund, Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund, Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund, Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund and Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund, issued pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. The rights of shareholders and powers of the Trustees of the Trust with respect to such shares are described in their respective Prospectuses.
     The fund has one class of shares. On July 13, 2009, the fund acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the UBS Fund

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pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization approved by the UBS Fund’s shareholders.
     The Declaration of Trust provides for the perpetual existence of the Trust. The Trust may, however, be terminated at any time by vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of each series of the Trust or by the vote of the Trustees.
VOTING RIGHTS
     Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each full share held (with fractional votes for fractional shares held) and will vote (to the extent provided in the Declaration of Trust) in the election of Trustees and the termination of the Trust and on other matters submitted to the vote of shareholders. Shareholders will vote by individual series on all matters except (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares shall be voted in the aggregate and not by individual series and (ii) when the Trustees have determined that the matter affects only the interests of one or more series, then only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon. Shareholders of one series shall not be entitled to vote on matters exclusively affecting another series, such matters including, without limitation, the adoption of or change in any fundamental policies or restrictions of the other series and the approval of the investment advisory contracts of the other series.
     Each class of shares of each fund has identical voting rights except that each class has exclusive voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders that relates solely to that class, and has separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class. Each class of shares has exclusive voting rights with respect to matters pertaining to any distribution and shareholder service plan applicable to that class. All classes of shares of a fund will vote together, except with respect to any distribution and shareholder service plan applicable to a class or when a class vote is required as specified above or otherwise by the 1940 Act.
     There will normally be no meetings of shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees, except that in accordance with the 1940 Act (i) the Trust will hold a shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees at such time as less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by shareholders, and (ii) if, as a result of a vacancy in the Board of Trustees, less than two-thirds of the Independent Trustees holding office have been elected by the shareholders, that vacancy may only be filled by a vote of the shareholders. In addition, Trustees may be removed from office by a written consent signed by the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares and filed with the Trust’s custodian or by a vote of the holders of two-thirds of the outstanding shares at a meeting duly called for the purpose, which meeting shall be held upon the written request of the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon written request by the holders of at least 1% of the outstanding shares stating that such shareholders wish to communicate with the other shareholders for the purpose of obtaining the signatures necessary to demand a meeting to consider removal of a Trustee, the Trust has undertaken to provide a list of shareholders or to disseminate appropriate materials (at the expense of the requesting shareholders). Except as set forth above, the Trustees shall continue to hold office and may appoint successor Trustees. Voting rights are not cumulative.
     No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Trust except (i) to change the Trust’s name or to cure technical problems in the Declaration of Trust and (ii) to establish, liquidate, designate or modify new and existing series, sub-series or classes of shares of any series of Trust shares or other provisions relating to Trust shares in response to applicable laws or regulations. Trustees may, without approval of the relevant shareholders, combine, reorganize or merge one or more series or classes of the Trust into a single series or class on such terms and conditions as the Trustees shall determine.
     Shareholders wishing to submit proposals for inclusion in a proxy statement for a future shareholder meeting should send their written submissions to the Trust at P. O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266. Proposals must be received a reasonable time in advance of a proxy solicitation to be included. Submission of a proposal does not guarantee inclusion in a proxy statement because proposals must comply with certain federal securities regulations.

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PROXY VOTING
     The Trust’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B to this Statement of Additional Information. Information regarding how the fund voted proxies related to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available, without charge, on the fund’s website at www.laudus.com/prospectus. It is also available in the fund’s Form N-PX which can be obtained on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting record of the predecessor UBS fund is available on the UBS Funds website.
SHAREHOLDER AND TRUSTEE LIABILITY
     Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. However, the Declaration of Trust disclaims shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation, or instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or the Trustees. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of all the property of the relevant series for all loss and expense of any shareholder of that series held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is considered remote since it is limited to circumstances in which the disclaimer is inoperative and the series of which he is or was a shareholder would be unable to meet its obligations.
     The Declaration of Trust further provides that the Trustees will not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which the Trustee would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office. The Declaration of Trust also provides for indemnification by the Trust of the Trustees and the officers of the Trust against liabilities and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust, except if it is determined in the manner specified in the Declaration of Trust that such Trustees are liable to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.
OWNERS OF 5% OR MORE OF THE FUND’S SHARES
     As of July 19, 2010, the officers and trustees of the Trust, as a group, owned of record, directly or beneficially less than 1% of any class of outstanding equity securities of the fund.
As of July 1, 2010, the following persons or entities owned, of record or beneficially, more than 5% of the outstanding voting securities of the fund. Those persons who beneficially own more than 25% of a particular fund may be deemed to control such fund. As a result, it may not be possible for matters subject to a vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such fund to be approved without the affirmative vote of such shareholder, and it may be possible for such matters to be approved by such shareholder without the affirmative vote of any other shareholder.
             
        Percent
Shareholder   Address   owned
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO INC
  101 MONTGOMERY ST     74.02 %
FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF OUR CUSTOMERS
  SAN FRANCISCO CA 94104-4151        
 
           
LPL FINANCIAL
  9785 TOWNE CENTRE DRIVE     6.45 %
 
  SAN DIEGO CA 92121-1968        
 
           
UBS FINANCIAL SERVICES INC. FBO
  700 POPLAR ST     6.24 %
MACON FIRE AND POLICE
  PO BOX 247        

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        Percent
Shareholder   Address   owned
DEFINED BENEFIT
  MACON GA 31202-0247        
 
           
SCHWAB TARGET 2030 FUND
  211 MAIN STREET     7.12 % (1)
 
  SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122        
 
           
SCHWAB TARGET 2040
  211 MAIN STREET     6.70 % (1)
 
  SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122        
 
           
SCHWAB TARGET 2020
  211 MAIN STREET     4.99 % (1)
 
  SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-4122        
 
           
 
(1)   These shares are held within the Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. account listed elsewhere in this table.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO SECURITIES INFORMATION
     Information regarding the availability of the fund’s portfolio securities can be obtained by calling 1.800.447.3332.
     The disclosure of portfolio securities information to shareholders and other parties, prior to regular public filings, may be authorized only by the Trust’s President upon prior consultation with the fund’s Subadviser and the fund’s Chief Legal Officer. Prior to authorizing the disclosure of portfolio securities, the Trust’s President must determine that: (i) such disclosure is in the best interests of the fund’s shareholders; and (ii) that no conflict exists between the interests of the fund’s shareholders and those of the fund’s Adviser, Subadviser or principal underwriter.
     Portfolio securities information also may be made available on a selective basis to service providers, ratings agencies, consultants and other qualified financial professionals when the President upon prior consultation with the fund’s Subadviser and the fund’s Chief Legal Officer, determines such disclosure meets the requirements for non-selective disclosure and serves a legitimate business purpose. Agreements entered into with a service provider to whom the fund selectively discloses portfolio securities information will generally include the confidentiality provisions customary in such agreements. Although certain of the service providers are not under formal confidentiality obligations in connection with disclosure of portfolio securities information, the fund would not continue to conduct business with a person who the fund believes was misusing the disclosed information. Any third-party who is not a service provider to the fund to whom the fund selectively discloses portfolio securities information will, prior to that disclosure, be required to sign an agreement describing the permitted use of portfolio securities information and providing that: (i) the portfolio securities information will be kept confidential; (ii) the person will not trade on the basis of any material non-public information; and (iii) the information will be used only for the purpose described in the agreement. As part of its ongoing review of fund operations, the Board of Trustees will periodically review any agreements that the Trust has entered into to selectively disclose portfolio securities information.
     The fund’s service providers, including, without limitation, the Adviser, Subadviser, distributor, transfer agent, auditor, proxy voting service provider, pricing information vendors, publisher, printer and mailing agent may receive early disclosure of portfolio securities information as frequently as daily in connection with the services they perform for the fund. The names of those persons to whom the fund selectively discloses portfolio securities information will be disclosed in this Statement of Additional Information. CSIM, UBS Global AM, ISS Governance Services (a division of RiskMetrics Group) and State Street Bank and Trust Company, as service providers to the fund, are currently receiving this information on a daily basis. RR Donnelley, as a service provider to the fund, is currently receiving this information on a quarterly basis. PricewaterhouseCoopers, ALPS and Glass Lewis, as service providers to the fund, receive this information on an as-needed basis. Service providers will be subject to a duty of confidentiality with respect to any portfolio securities information whether imposed by the provisions of the service provider’s contract with the Trust or by the nature of the service provider’s relationship with the Trust. In accordance with the exemptive order issued by the SEC to iShares and procedures approved by the Trust’s Board of Trustees, the Trust will promptly notify iShares funds in writing of any purchase or acquisition of shares of an iShares fund that causes the fund to hold (i) 5% or more of such iShares fund’s total outstanding voting securities, and (ii) 10% or more of such iShares fund’s total outstanding voting

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securities. In addition, the adviser or Subadviser will, upon causing the fund to acquire more than 3% of an open-end iShares fund’s outstanding shares, notify the open-end iShares fund of the investment.
     A complete list of the fund’s portfolio holdings is published on the Laudus website at www.laudus.com/prospectus, under “Analysis & Commentary”, typically 30-40 days after the end of the fund’s fiscal quarter (which is also a calendar quarter-end). The portfolio holdings information available on the fund’s website is the same that is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-Q or Form N-CSR. The fund provides on the website quarterly information regarding certain attributes of the fund’s portfolio, such as the fund’s top ten holdings, sector weightings, composition, credit quality and duration and maturity, as applicable. This information is generally updated within 20-30 days after the end of the fiscal quarter. The information on the website is publicly available to all categories of persons.
     The fund’s top ten holdings list is posted on Schwab.com monthly, typically with a 10-day lag. In addition to the top ten holdings information, the fund also provides monthly information regarding certain attributes of the fund’s portfolio, such as sector weightings, composition, credit quality, duration and maturity, as applicable. This information is available publically to all persons under “Research & Strategies” on Schwab.com.
     The fund may disclose non-material information including commentary and aggregate information about the characteristics of the fund in connection with or relating to the fund or its portfolio securities to any person if such disclosure is for a legitimate business purpose, such disclosure does not effectively result in the disclosure of the complete portfolio securities of the fund (which can only be disclosed in accordance with the above requirements), and such information does not constitute material non-public information. Such disclosure does not fall within the portfolio securities disclosure requirements outlined above.
     Whether the information constitutes material non-public information will be made on a good faith determination, which involves an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. In most cases commentary or analysis would be immaterial and would not convey any advantage to a recipient in making a decision concerning the fund. Commentary and analysis includes, but is not limited to, the allocation of the fund’s portfolio securities and other investments among various asset classes, sectors, industries, and countries, the characteristics of the stock components and other investments of the fund, the attribution of fund returns by asset class, sector, industry and country, and the volatility characteristics of the fund.
     Neither the fund nor the fund’s Adviser or Subadviser may receive compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of information about portfolio securities.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
     Each business day, the fund calculates its share price, or NAV, as of the close of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). This means that NAVs are calculated using the values of the fund’s portfolio securities as of the close of the NYSE. Such values are required to be determined in one of two ways: securities for which market quotations are readily available are required to be valued at current market value; and securities for which market quotations are not readily available or the adviser deems them to be unreliable are required to be valued at fair value using procedures approved by the Board of Trustees. The fund uses approved pricing services to provide values for its portfolio securities. Current market values are generally determined by the approved pricing services as follows: securities traded on stock exchanges are valued at the last-quoted sales price on the exchange on which such securities are primarily traded (closing values), or, lacking any sales, at the mean between the bid and ask prices; securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at the last sales price that day, or, if there are no sales that day, at the mean between the bid and ask prices. In addition, securities that are primarily traded on foreign exchanges are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges with these values then translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate. Fixed income securities normally are valued based on valuations provided by approved pricing services. Securities may be fair valued pursuant to procedures approved by the fund’s Board of Trustees when approved pricing services do not provide a value for a security, a furnished price appears manifestly incorrect or events occur prior to the close of the

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NYSE that materially affect the furnished price. The Board of Trustees regularly reviews fair value determinations made by the fund pursuant to the procedures.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES
     The procedures for purchasing shares of fund and for determining the offering price of such shares are described in the Prospectus. The Trust has elected to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act pursuant to which the Trust is obligated to redeem shares solely in cash for any shareholder during any 90-day period up to the lesser of (i) $250,000 or (ii) 1% of the total net asset value of the Trust at the beginning of such period. The procedures for redeeming shares of the fund are described in the Prospectus.
     As described in the Prospectus, the Trust reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject purchase orders for shares of the fund. As a general matter, the Trust expects that it will not accept purchase orders when the purchase price is to be paid by cash (in the form of actual currency), third party checks, checks payable in foreign currency, credit card convenience checks or traveler’s checks.
     The fund has authorized one or more brokers to accept on their behalf purchase and redemption orders. Such brokers have also been authorized to designate other intermediaries to accept purchase and redemption orders on the fund’s behalf. The fund will be deemed to have received a purchase or redemption order when an authorized broker or, if applicable, a broker’s authorized designee, receives such order. Such orders will be priced at the fund’s net asset value per share next determined after such orders are received by an authorized broker or the broker’s authorized designee.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
     The Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm and financial statements of the fund in the Trust’s Annual Report for the period ended March 31, 2010 (the “Annual Report”) are incorporated herein by reference to such Annual Report. Copies of such Annual Report are available without charge upon request by writing to Laudus Trust, P. O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266 or telephoning 1.888.452.8387 or visiting the fund’s website at www.laudus.com/prospectus.
     The financial statements incorporated by reference into this Statement of Additional Information for the period ended March 31, 2010 have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, and have been so included and prior periods by the UBS Fund’s independent registered accounting firm and incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of said firm, which report is given upon their authority as experts in auditing and accounting.

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APPENDIX A — RATINGS OF INVESTMENT SECURITIES
From time to time, the fund may report the percentage of its assets that fall into the rating categories set forth below.
BONDS
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged.” Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long term risk appear somewhat larger than the Aaa securities.
A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
Baa Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations (i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA Debt rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA Debt rated ‘AA’ has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated debt only in small degree.
A Debt rated ‘A’ has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although it is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.
BBB Debt rated ‘BBB’ is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

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SPECULATIVE GRADE
Debt rated ‘BB’ and ‘B’ is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions.
BB Debt rated ‘BB’ has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative grade debt. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The ‘BB’ rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied ‘BBB-’ rating.
B Debt rate ‘B’ has greater vulnerability to default but presently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions would likely impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The ‘B’ rating category also is used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied ‘BB’ or ‘BB-’ rating.
FITCH, INC.
INVESTMENT GRADE BOND
     
AAA
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of the highest credit quality. The obligor has an exceptionally strong ability to pay interest and repay principal, which is unlikely to be affected by reasonably foreseeable events.

AA
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of very high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is very strong, although not quite as strong as bonds rated ‘AAA’. Because bonds rated in the ‘AAA’ and ‘AA’ categories are not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable future developments, short term debt of these issuers is generally rated ‘F1+’.

A
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.

BBB
  Bonds considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.

SPECULATIVE GRADE BOND

BB
  Bonds are considered speculative. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal may be affected over time by adverse economic changes. However, business and financial alternatives can be identified which could assist the obligor in satisfying its debt service requirements.

B
  Bonds are considered highly speculative. While bonds in this class are currently meeting debt service requirements, the probability of continued timely payment of principal and interest reflects the obligor’s limited margin of safety and the need for reasonable business and economic activity throughout the life of the issue.
DOMINION BOND RATING SERVICE
Bond and Long Term Debt Rating Scale
As is the case with all DBRS rating scales, long term debt ratings are meant to give an indication of the risk that the borrower will not fulfill its full obligations in a timely manner with respect to both interest and principal commitments. DBRS ratings do not take factors such as pricing or market risk into consideration and are expected to be used by

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purchasers as one part of their investment process. Every DBRS rating is based on quantitative and qualitative considerations that are relevant for the borrowing entity.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality
AA: Superior Credit Quality
A: Satisfactory Credit Quality
BBB: Adequate Credit Quality
BB: Speculative
B: Highly Speculative
CCC: Very Highly Speculative
CC: Very Highly Speculative
C: Very Highly Speculative
“AAA” Bonds rated “AAA” are of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present which would detract from the performance of the entity, the strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a creditable track record of superior performance. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has established for this category, few entities are able to achieve a AAA rating.
“AA” Bonds rated “AA” are of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases, they differ from bonds rated AAA only to a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has for the AAA category (which few companies are able to achieve), entities rated AA are also considered to be strong credits which typically exemplify above-average strength in key areas of consideration and are unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
“A” Bonds rated “A” are of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than with AA rated entities. While a respectable rating, entities in the “A” category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher rated companies.
“BBB” Bonds rated “BBB” are of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered adequate, but the entity is more susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adversities present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.
“BB” Bonds rated “BB” are defined to be speculative, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the BB area typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support and, in many cases, small size or lack of competitive strength may be additional negative considerations.
“B” Bonds rated “B” are highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty which exists as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.
“CCC” / “CC” / “C” Bonds rated in any of these categories are very highly speculative and are in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than bonds rated “B”. Bonds rated below “B” often have characteristics which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between the “C” to “CCC” categories, with “CC” and “C” normally used to lower ranking debt of companies where the senior debt is rated in the “CCC” to “B” range.
“D” This category indicates Bonds in default of either interest or principal.

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(“HIGH”, “LOW”) grades are used to indicate the relative standing of a credit within a particular rating category. The lack of one of these designations indicates a rating which is essentially in the middle of the category. Note that “high” and “low” grades are not used for the AAA category.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM DEBT RATING SCALE
Dominion Bond Rating Service
As is the case with all DBRS rating scales, commercial paper ratings are meant to give an indication of the risk that the borrower will not fulfill its obligations in a timely manner. DBRS ratings do not take factors such as pricing or market risk into consideration and are expected to be used by purchasers as one part of their investment process. Every DBRS rating is based on quantitative and qualitative considerations which are relevant for the borrowing entity.
R-1: Prime Credit Quality
R-2: Adequate Credit Quality
R-3: Speculative
All three DBRS rating categories for short term debt use “high”, “middle” or “low” as subset grades to designate the relative standing of the credit within a particular rating category. The following comments provide separate definitions for the three grades in the Prime Credit Quality area, as this is where ratings for active borrowers in Canada continue to be heavily concentrated.
“R-1 (HIGH)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (high)” is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity which possesses unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels and profitability which is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an “R-1 (high)” rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has established for an “R-1 (high)”, few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.
“R-1 (MIDDLE)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (middle)” is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from “R-1 (high)” credits to only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition which DBRS has for the “R-1 (high)” category (which few companies are able to achieve), entities rated “R-1 (middle)” are also considered strong credits which typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for debt protection.
“R-1 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-1 (low)” is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt and profitability ratios is not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors which exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.
“R-2 (HIGH)”, “R-2 (MIDDLE)”, “R-2 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-2” is of adequate credit quality and within the three subset grades, debt protection ranges from having reasonable ability for timely repayment to a level which is considered only just adequate. The liquidity and debt ratios of entities in the “R-2” classification are not as strong as those in the “R-1” category, and the past and future trend may suggest some risk of maintaining the strength of key ratios in these areas. Alternative sources of liquidity support are considered satisfactory; however, even the strongest liquidity support will not improve the commercial paper rating of the issuer. The size of the entity may restrict its flexibility, and its relative position in the industry is not typically as strong as an “R-1 credit”. Profitability trends, past and future, may be less favorable, earnings not as stable, and there are often negative qualifying factors present which could also make the entity more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.

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“R-3 (HIGH)”, “R-3 (MIDDLE)”, “R-3 (LOW)” Short term debt rated “R-3” is speculative, and within the three subset grades, the capacity for timely payment ranges from mildly speculative to doubtful. “R-3” credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with “R-3” ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.
SHORT TERM NOTES AND VARIABLE RATE DEMAND OBLIGATIONS
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Short term notes/variable rate demand obligations bearing the designations MIG-1/VMIG-1 are considered to be of the best quality, enjoying strong protection from established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing. Obligations rated MIG-2/VMIG-3 are of high quality and enjoy ample margins of protection although not as large as those of the top rated securities.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION
An S&P SP-1 rating indicates that the subject securities’ issuer has a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. Issues determined to possess very strong safety characteristics are given a plus (+) designation. S&P’s determination that an issuer has a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest is denoted by an SP-2 rating.
FITCH, INC.
Obligations supported by the highest capacity for timely repayment are rated F1+. An F1 rating indicates that the obligation is supported by a very strong capacity for timely repayment. Obligations rated F2 are supported by a good capacity for timely repayment, although adverse changes in business, economic, or financial conditions may affect this capacity.
COMMERCIAL PAPER
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE
Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned by Moody’s. Issuers (or related supporting institutions) of commercial paper with this rating are considered to have a superior ability to repay short term promissory obligations. Issuers (or related supporting institutions) of securities rated Prime-2 are viewed as having a strong capacity to repay short term promissory obligations. This capacity will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics of issuers whose commercial paper is rated Prime-1 but to a lesser degree.
STANDARD & POOR’S CORPORATION
A Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”) A-1 commercial paper rating indicates a strong degree of safety regarding timely payment of principal and interest. Issues determined to possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted A-1+. Capacity for timely payment on commercial paper rated A-2 is satisfactory, but the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.

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FITCH, INC.
F1+ is the highest category, and indicates the strongest degree of assurance for timely payment. Issues rated F1 reflect an assurance of timely payment only slightly less than issues rated F1+. Issues assigned an F2 rating have a satisfactory degree of assurance for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as for issues in the first two rating categories.

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APPENDIX B – DESCRIPTION OF PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
The Charles Schwab Family of Funds
Schwab Investments
Schwab Capital Trust
Schwab Annuity Portfolios
Laudus Trust
Laudus Institutional Trust
Schwab Strategic Trust
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures
As of February 2010
Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. (“CSIM”), as an investment adviser, is generally responsible for voting proxies with respect to the securities held in accounts of investment companies and other clients for which it provides discretionary investment management services. CSIM’s Proxy Committee exercises and documents CSIM’s responsibility with regard to voting of client proxies (the “Proxy Committee”). The Proxy Committee is composed of representatives of CSIM’s Fund Administration, Legal, and Portfolio Management Departments, and chaired by CSIM’s Deputy Chief Investment Officer. The Proxy Committee reviews and, as necessary, may amend periodically these Procedures to address new or revised proxy voting policies or procedures. The policies stated in these Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures (the “CSIM Proxy Procedures”) pertain to all of CSIM’s clients.
The Boards of Trustees (the “Trustees”) of The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust, and Schwab Annuity Portfolios ( “Schwab Funds”) have delegated the responsibility for voting proxies to CSIM through their respective Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements. In addition, the Boards of Trustees (the “Trustees”) of Laudus Trust and Laudus Institutional Trust (“Laudus Funds”) and the Schwab Strategic Trust (“Schwab ETFs”; collectively, the Schwab Funds, the Laudus Funds and the Schwab ETFs are the “Funds”) have delegated the responsibility for voting proxies to CSIM through their respective Investment Advisory and Administration Agreements. The Trustees have adopted these Proxy Procedures with respect to proxies voted on behalf of the various Schwab Funds, Laudus Funds, and Schwab ETFs portfolios. CSIM will present amendments to the Trustees for approval. However, there may be circumstances where the Proxy Committee deems it advisable to amend the Proxy Procedures between regular Schwab Funds, Laudus Funds and Schwab ETFs Board meetings. In such cases, the Trustees will be asked to ratify any changes at the next regular meeting of the Board.
To assist CSIM in its responsibility for voting proxies and the overall proxy voting process, CSIM has retained Glass Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis”) as an expert in the proxy voting and corporate governance area. The services provided by Glass Lewis include in-depth research, global issuer analysis, and voting recommendations as well as vote execution, reporting and record keeping.

 


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Proxy Voting Policy
For investment companies and other clients for which CSIM exercises its responsibility for voting proxies, it is CSIM’s policy to vote proxies in the manner that CSIM and the Proxy Committee determine will maximize the economic benefit to CSIM’s clients. In furtherance of this policy, the Proxy Committee has received and reviewed Glass Lewis’ written proxy voting policies and procedures (“Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures”) and has determined that Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures, with the exceptions noted below, are consistent with the CSIM Proxy Procedures and CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients. The Proxy Committee will review any material amendments to Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures to determine whether such procedures continue to be consistent with the CSIM Proxy Voting Procedures, and CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients.
Except under each of the circumstances described below, the Proxy Committee will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting proxies, including timely submission of votes, on behalf of CSIM’s clients in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
For proxy issues, that are determined by the Proxy Committee or the applicable portfolio manager or other relevant portfolio management staff to raise significant concerns with respect to the accounts of CSIM clients, the Proxy Committee will review the analysis and recommendation of Glass Lewis. Examples of factors that could cause a matter to raise significant concerns include, but are not limited to: issues whose outcome has the potential to materially affect the company’s industry, or regional or national economy, and matters which involve broad public policy developments which may similarly materially affect the environment in which the company operates. The Proxy Committee also will solicit input from the assigned portfolio manager and other relevant portfolio management staff for the particular portfolio security. After evaluating all such recommendations, the Proxy Committee will decide how to vote the shares and will instruct Glass Lewis to vote consistent with its decision. The Proxy Committee has the ultimate responsibility for making the determination of how to vote the shares in order to maximize the value of that particular holding.
With respect to proxies of an affiliated mutual fund, the Proxy Committee will vote such proxies in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the fund (i.e., “echo vote”), unless otherwise required by law. When required by law, the Proxy Committee will also “echo vote” proxies of an unaffiliated mutual fund. For example, certain exemptive orders issued to the Schwab Funds by the Securities and Exchange Commission and Section 12(d)(1)(F) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, require the Schwab Funds, under certain circumstances, to “echo vote” proxies of registered investment companies that serve as underlying investments of the Schwab Funds. When not required to “echo vote,” the Proxy Committee will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting proxies of an unaffiliated mutual fund in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
In addition, with respect to holdings of The Charles Schwab Corporation (“CSC”) (ticker symbol: SCHW), the Proxy Committee will vote such proxies in the same proportion as the vote of all other shareholders of the fund (i.e., “echo vote”), unless otherwise required by law.

 


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Exceptions from Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures: The Proxy Committee has reviewed the particular policies set forth in Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures and has determined that the implementation of custom policies in the following is consistent with CSIM’s fiduciary duty with respect to its clients:
    Independent Chairman: With respect to shareholder proposals requiring that a company chairman’s position be filled by an independent director, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote against such proposals unless the company does not meet the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold, as calculated below. In cases where a company fails to meet the threshold, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote the shareholder proposals requiring that the chairman’s position be filled by an independent director in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures. Additionally, with respect to the election of a director who serves as the governance committee chair (or, in the absence of a governance committee, the chair of the nominating committee), the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote for the director in cases where the company chairman’s position is not filled by an independent director and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.
 
    Classified Boards: With respect to shareholder proposals declassifying a staggered board in favor of the annual election of directors, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote against such proposals unless the company does not meet the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold, as calculated below. In cases where a company fails to meet the threshold, the Proxy Committee has instructed Glass Lewis to vote the shareholder proposals declassifying a staggered board in favor of the annual election of directors in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures.
Glass Lewis uses a three-year total return performance methodology to calculate the applicable minimum total shareholder return threshold. For Russell 3000 Index constituents, if a company’s total annual shareholder return is in the bottom 25% of Russell 3000 constituent companies’ total annual shareholder returns for three consecutive years, the company will be deemed not to have met the threshold. For companies not in the Russell 3000 Index, the universe of companies used for the minimum total shareholder return threshold calculation is all Glass Lewis covered companies outside of the Russell 3000 Index.
There may be circumstances in which Glass Lewis does not provide an analysis or recommendation for voting a security’s proxy. In that event, and when the criteria set forth below are met, two members of the Proxy Committee, including at least one representative from equity Portfolio Management, may decide how to vote such proxy in order to maximize the value of that particular holding. The following criteria must be met: (1) For each Fund that holds the security in its portfolio, the value of the security must represent less than one tenth of one cent in the Fund’s NAV, and (2) the security’s value must equal less than $50,000 in the aggregate across all of the Funds and separate accounts that hold this security. Any voting decision made under these circumstances will be reported to the Proxy Committee at its next scheduled meeting. If the criteria are not met, the Proxy Committee may meet to decide how to vote such proxy.

 


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Conflicts of Interest. Except as described above for proxies of mutual funds, CSC and exceptions to Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures, where proxy issues present material conflicts of interest between CSIM, and/or any of its affiliates, and CSIM’s clients, CSIM will delegate to Glass Lewis responsibility for voting such proxies in accordance with Glass Lewis’ Proxy Procedures,. The CSIM Legal Department is responsible for developing procedures to identify material conflicts of interest.
Voting Foreign Proxies. CSIM has arrangements with Glass Lewis for voting proxies. However, voting proxies with respect to shares of foreign securities may involve significantly greater effort and corresponding cost than voting proxies with respect to domestic securities, due to the variety of regulatory schemes and corporate practices in foreign countries with respect to proxy voting. Problems voting foreign proxies may include the following:
  o   proxy statements and ballots written in a foreign language;
 
  o   untimely and/or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings;
 
  o   restrictions of foreigner’s ability to exercise votes;
 
  o   requirements to vote proxies in person;
 
  o   requirements to provide local agents with power of attorney to facilitate CSIM’s voting instructions.
In consideration of the foregoing issues, Glass Lewis uses its best-efforts to vote foreign proxies. As part of its ongoing oversight, the Proxy Committee will monitor the voting of foreign proxies to determine whether all reasonable steps are taken to vote foreign proxies. If the Proxy Committee determines that the cost associated with the attempt to vote outweighs the potential benefits clients may derive from voting, the Proxy Committee may decide not to attempt to vote. In addition, certain foreign countries impose restrictions on the sale of securities for a period of time in proximity to the shareholder meeting. To avoid these trading restrictions, the Proxy Committee instructs Glass Lewis not to vote such foreign proxies.
Securities Lending Programs. Certain of the Funds enter into securities lending arrangements with lending agents to generate additional revenue for their portfolios. In securities lending arrangements, any voting rights that accompany the loaned securities generally pass to the borrower of the securities, but the lender retains the right to recall a security and may then exercise the security’s voting rights. In order to vote the proxies of securities out on loan, the securities must be recalled prior to the established record date. CSIM will use its best efforts to recall a Fund’s securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies if (a) the proxy relates to a special meeting of shareholders of the issuer (as opposed to the issuer’s annual meeting of shareholders), or (b) the Fund owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the issuer. Further, it is CSIM’s policy to use its best efforts to recall securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies if CSIM determines that the proxies involve a material event affecting the loaned securities. CSIM may utilize third-party service providers to assist it in identifying and evaluating whether an event is material. CSIM may also recall securities on loan and vote such securities’ proxies in its discretion.

 


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Sub-Advisory Relationships. For investment companies or other clients that CSIM has delegated day-to-day investment management responsibilities to an investment adviser, CSIM may delegate its responsibility to vote proxies with respect to such investment companies’ or other clients’ securities. Each Sub-adviser to whom proxy voting responsibility has been delegated will be required to review all proxy solicitation material and to exercise the voting rights associated with the securities as it has been allocated in the best interest of each investment company and its shareholders, or other client. Prior to delegating the proxy voting responsibility, CSIM will review each sub-adviser’s proxy voting policy to ensure that each Sub-adviser’s proxy voting policy is generally consistent with the maximization of economic benefits to the investment company or other client.
Reporting and Record Retention
CSIM will maintain, or cause Glass Lewis to maintain, records that identify the manner in which proxies have been voted (or not voted) on behalf of CSIM clients. CSIM will comply with all applicable rules and regulations regarding disclosure of its or its clients proxy voting records and procedures.
CSIM will retain all proxy voting materials and supporting documentation as required under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations thereunder.

 


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I. A Board of Directors That
Serves the Interests of Shareholders
ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
The purpose of Glass Lewis’ proxy research and advice is to facilitate shareholder voting in favor of governance structures that will drive performance, create shareholder value and maintain a proper tone at the top. Glass Lewis looks for talented boards with a record of protecting shareholders and delivering value over the medium- and long-term. We believe that boards working to protect and enhance the best interests of shareholders are independent, have directors with diverse backgrounds, have a record of positive performance, and have members with a breadth and depth of relevant experience.
Independence
The independence of directors, or lack thereof, is ultimately demonstrated through the decisions they make. In assessing the independence of directors, we will take into consideration, when appropriate, whether a director has a track record indicative of making objective decisions. Likewise, when assessing the independence of directors we will also examine when a director’s service track record on multiple boards indicates a lack of objective decision-making. Ultimately, we believe the determination of whether a director is independent or not must take into consideration both compliance with the applicable independence listing requirements as well as judgments made by the director.
We look at each director nominee to examine the director’s relationships with the company, the company’s executives, and other directors. We do this to evaluate whether personal, familial, or financial relationships (not including director compensation) may impact the director’s decisions. We believe that such relationships make it difficult for a director to put shareholders’ interests above the director’s or the related party’s interests. We also believe that a director who owns more than 20% of a company can exert disproportionate influence on the board and, in particular, the audit committee.
Thus, we put directors into three categories based on an examination of the type of relationship they have with the company:
Independent Director – An independent director has no material financial, familial or other current relationships with the company, its executives, or other board members, except for board service and standard fees paid for that service. Relationships that existed within three to five years1 before the inquiry are usually considered “current” for purposes of this test.
In our view, a director who is currently serving in an interim management position should be considered an insider, while a director who previously served in an interim management position for less than one year and is no longer serving in such capacity is considered independent. Moreover, a director who previously served in an interim management position for over one year and is no longer serving in such capacity is considered an affiliate for five years following the date of his/her resignation or departure from the interim management position. Glass Lewis applies a
 
1   NASDAQ originally proposed a five-year look-back period but both it and the NYSE ultimately settled on a three-year look-back prior to finalizing their rules. A five-year standard is more appropriate, in our view, because we believe that the unwinding of conflicting relationships between former management and board members is more likely to be complete and final after five years. However, Glass Lewis does not apply the five-year look back period to directors who have previously served as executives of the company on an interim basis for less than one year.

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three-year look back period to all directors who have an affiliation with the company other than former employment, for which we apply a five-year look back.
Affiliated Director – An affiliated director has a material financial, familial or other relationship with the company or its executives, but is not an employee of the company.2 This includes directors whose employers have a material financial relationship with the company.3 In addition, we view a director who owns or controls 20% or more of the company’s voting stock as an affiliate.
We view 20% shareholders as affiliates because they typically have access to and involvement with the management of a company that is fundamentally different from that of ordinary shareholders. More importantly, 20% holders may have interests that diverge from those of ordinary holders, for reasons such as the liquidity (or lack thereof) of their holdings, personal tax issues, etc.
Inside Director – An inside director simultaneously serves as a director and as an employee of the company. This category may include a chairman of the board who acts as an employee of the company or is paid as an employee of the company. In our view, an inside director who derives a greater amount of income as a result of affiliated transactions with the company rather than through compensation paid by the company (i.e., salary, bonus, etc. as a company employee) faces a conflict between making decisions that are in the best interests of the company versus those in the director’s own best interests. Therefore, we will recommend voting against such a director.
Definition of “Material”: A material relationship is one in which the dollar value exceeds: (i) $50,000 (or where no amount is disclosed) for directors who are paid for a service they have agreed to perform for the company, outside of their service as a director, including professional or other services; or (ii) $120,000 (or where no amount is disclosed) for those directors employed by a professional services firm such as a law firm, investment bank, or consulting firm where the company pays the firm, not the individual, for services. This dollar limit would also apply to charitable contributions to schools where a board member is a professor; or charities where a director serves on the board or is an executive;4 and any aircraft and real estate dealings between the company and the director’s firm; or (iii) 1% of either company’s consolidated gross revenue for other business relationships (e.g., where the director is an executive officer of a company that provides services or products to or receives services or products from the company).
Definition of “Familial”: Familial relationships include a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces, nephews, in-laws, and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares such person’s home. A director is an affiliate if the director has a family member who is employed by the company and who receives compensation of $120,000 or more per year or the compensation is not disclosed.
Definition of “Company”: A company includes any parent or subsidiary in a group with the company or any entity that merged with, was acquired by, or acquired the company.
 
2   If a company classifies one of its non-employee directors as non-independent, Glass Lewis will classify that director as an affiliate.
 
3   We allow a five-year grace period for former executives of the company or merged companies who have consulting agreements with the surviving company. (We do not automatically recommend voting against directors in such cases for the first five years.) If the consulting agreement persists after this five-year grace period, we apply the materiality thresholds outlined in the definition of “material.”
 
4   We will generally take into consideration the size and nature of such charitable entities in relation to the company’s size and industry along with any other relevant factors such as the director’s role at the charity.

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Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Board Independence
Glass Lewis believes a board will be most effective in protecting shareholders’ interests if it is at least two-thirds independent. We note that each of the Business Roundtable, the Conference Board, and the Council of Institutional Investors advocates that two-thirds of the board be independent. Where more than one-third of the members are affiliated or inside directors, we typically5 recommend voting against some of the inside and/or affiliated directors in order to satisfy the two-thirds threshold.6
In the case of a less than two-thirds independent board, Glass Lewis strongly supports the existence of a presiding or lead director with authority to set the meeting agendas and to lead sessions outside the insider chairman’s presence.
In addition, we scrutinize avowedly “independent” chairmen and lead directors. We believe that they should be unquestionably independent or the company should not tout them as such.
Committee Independence
We believe that only independent directors should serve on a company’s audit, compensation, nominating, and governance committees.7 We typically recommend that shareholders vote against any affiliated or inside director seeking appointment to an audit, compensation, nominating, or governance committee, or who has served in that capacity in the past year.
Independent Chairman
Glass Lewis believes that separating the roles of CEO (or, more rarely, another executive position) and chairman creates a better governance structure than a combined CEO/chairman position. An executive manages the business according to a course the board charts. Executives should report to the board regarding their performance in achieving goals the board set. This is needlessly complicated when a CEO chairs the board, since a CEO/chairman presumably will have a significant influence over the board.
It can become difficult for a board to fulfill its role of overseer and policy setter when a CEO/chairman controls the agenda and the boardroom discussion. Such control can allow a CEO to have an entrenched position, leading to longer-than-optimal terms, fewer checks on management, less scrutiny of the business operation, and limitations on independent, shareholder-focused goal-setting by the board.
A CEO should set the strategic course for the company, with the board’s approval, and the board should enable the CEO to carry out the CEO’s vision for accomplishing the board’s objectives. Failure to achieve the board’s objectives should lead the board to replace that CEO with someone in whom the board has confidence.
 
5   With a staggered board, if the affiliates or insiders that we believe should not be on the board are not up for election, we will express our concern regarding those directors, but we will not recommend voting against the affiliates or insiders who are up for election just to achieve two-thirds independence.
 
6   Where a director serves on a board as a representative (as part of his or her basic responsibilities) of an investment firm with greater than 20% ownership, we will generally consider him/her to be affiliated but will not recommend voting against unless (i) the investment firm has disproportionate board representation or (ii) the director serves on the audit committee.
 
7   We will recommend voting against an audit committee member who owns 20% or more of the company’s stock, and we believe that there should be a maximum of one director (or no directors if the committee is comprised of less than three directors) who owns 20% or more of the company’s stock on the compensation, nominating, and governance committees.

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Likewise, an independent chairman can better oversee executives and set a pro-shareholder agenda without the management conflicts that a CEO and other executive insiders often face. Such oversight and concern for shareholders allows for a more proactive and effective board of directors that is better able to look out for the interests of shareholders.
Further, it is the board’s responsibility to select a chief executive who can best serve a company and its shareholders and to replace this person when his or her duties have not been appropriately fulfilled. Such a replacement becomes more difficult and happens less frequently when the chief executive is also in the position of overseeing the board.
We recognize that empirical evidence regarding the separation of these two roles remains inconclusive. However, Glass Lewis believes that the installation of an independent chairman is almost always a positive step from a corporate governance perspective and promotes the best interests of shareholders. Further, the presence of an independent chairman fosters the creation of a thoughtful and dynamic board, not dominated by the views of senior management.
We do not recommend that shareholders vote against CEOs who chair the board. However, we typically encourage our clients to support separating the roles of chairman and CEO whenever that question is posed in a proxy (typically in the form of a shareholder proposal), as we believe that it is in the long-term best interests of the company and its shareholders.
Performance
The most crucial test of a board’s commitment to the company and its shareholders lies in the actions of the board and its members. We look at the performance of these individuals as directors and executives of the company and of other companies where they have served.
Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Performance
We disfavor directors who have a record of not fulfilling their responsibilities to shareholders at any company where they have held a board or executive position. We typically recommend voting against:
1. A director who fails to attend a minimum of 75% of the board meetings or 75% of the total of applicable committee meetings and board meetings.8
2. A director who belatedly filed a significant form(s) 4 or 5, or who has a pattern of late filings if the late filing was the director’s fault (we look at these late filing situations on a case-by-case basis).
3. A director who is also the CEO of a company where a serious and material restatement has occurred after the CEO had previously certified the pre-restatement financial statements.
4. A director who has received two against recommendations from Glass Lewis for identical reasons within the prior year at different companies (the same situation must also apply at the company being analyzed).
5. All directors who served on the board if, for the last three years, the company’s performance has been in the bottom quartile of the sector and the directors have not taken reasonable steps to address the poor performance.
 
8   However, where a director has served for less than one full year, we will typically not recommend voting against for failure to attend 75% of meetings. Rather, we will note the poor attendance with a recommendation to track this issue going forward. We will also refrain from recommending to vote against directors when the proxy discloses that the director missed the meetings due to serious illness or other extenuating circumstances.

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Audit Committees and Performance
Audit committees play an integral role in overseeing the financial reporting process because “[v]ibrant and stable capital markets depend on, among other things, reliable, transparent, and objective financial information to support an efficient and effective capital market process. The vital oversight role audit committees play in the process of producing financial information has never been more important.”9
When assessing an audit committee’s performance, we are aware that an audit committee does not prepare financial statements, is not responsible for making the key judgments and assumptions that affect the financial statements, and does not audit the numbers or the disclosures provided to investors. Rather, an audit committee member monitors and oversees the process and procedures that management and auditors perform. The 1999 Report and Recommendations of the Blue Ribbon Committee on Improving the Effectiveness of Corporate Audit Committees stated it best:
A proper and well-functioning system exists, therefore, when the three main groups responsible for financial reporting – the full board including the audit committee, financial management including the internal auditors, and the outside auditors – form a ‘three legged stool’ that supports responsible financial disclosure and active participatory oversight. However, in the view of the Committee, the audit committee must be ‘first among equals’ in this process, since the audit committee is an extension of the full board and hence the ultimate monitor of the process.
Standards for Assessing the Audit Committee
For an audit committee to function effectively on investors’ behalf, it must include members with sufficient knowledge to diligently carry out their responsibilities. In its audit and accounting recommendations, the Conference Board Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise said “members of the audit committee must be independent and have both knowledge and experience in auditing financial matters.”10
We are skeptical of audit committees where there are members that lack expertise as a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) or corporate controller or similar experience. While we will not necessarily vote against members of an audit committee when such expertise is lacking, we are more likely to vote against committee members when a problem such as a restatement occurs and such expertise is lacking.
Glass Lewis generally assesses audit committees against the decisions they make with respect to their oversight and monitoring role. The quality and integrity of the financial statements and earnings reports, the completeness of disclosures necessary for investors to make informed decisions, and the effectiveness of the internal controls should provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are materially free from errors. The independence of the external auditors and the results of their work all provide useful information by which to assess the audit committee.
 
9   Audit Committee Effectiveness – What Works Best.” PricewaterhouseCoopers. The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation. 2005.
 
10   Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise. The Conference Board. 2003.

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When assessing the decisions and actions of the audit committee, we typically defer to its judgment and would vote in favor of its members, but we would recommend voting against the following members under the following circumstances:11
1. All members of the audit committee when options were backdated, there is a lack of adequate controls in place, there was a resulting restatement, and disclosures indicate there was a lack of documentation with respect to the option grants.
2. The audit committee chair, if the audit committee does not have a financial expert or the committee’s financial expert does not have a demonstrable financial background sufficient to understand the financial issues unique to public companies.
3. The audit committee chair, if the audit committee did not meet at least 4 times during the year.
4. The audit committee chair, if the committee has less than three members.
5. Any audit committee member who sits on more than three public company audit committees, unless the audit committee member is a retired CPA, CFO, controller or has similar experience, in which case the limit shall be four committees, taking time and availability into consideration including a review of the audit committee member’s attendance at all board and committee meetings.
6. All members of an audit committee who are up for election and who served on the committee at the time of the audit, if audit and audit-related fees total one-third or less of the total fees billed by the auditor.
7. The audit committee chair when tax and/or other fees are greater than audit and audit-related fees paid to the auditor for more than one year in a row (in which case we also recommend against ratification of the auditor).
8. All members of an audit committee where non-audit fees include fees for tax services (including, but not limited to, such things as tax avoidance or shelter schemes) for senior executives of the company. Such services are now prohibited by the PCAOB.
9. All members of an audit committee that reappointed an auditor that we no longer consider to be independent for reasons unrelated to fee proportions.
10. All members of an audit committee when audit fees are excessively low, especially when compared with other companies in the same industry.
11. The audit committee chair12 if the committee failed to put auditor ratification on the ballot for shareholder approval. However, if the non-audit fees or tax fees exceed audit plus audit-related fees in either the current or the prior year, then Glass Lewis will recommend voting against the entire audit committee.
 
11   Where the recommendation is to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against the members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern with regard to the committee chair.
 
12   In all cases, if the chair of the committee is not specified, we recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest.

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12. All members of an audit committee where the auditor has resigned and reported that a section 10A13 letter has been issued.
13. All members of an audit committee at a time when material accounting fraud occurred at the company.
14. All members of an audit committee at a time when annual and/or multiple quarterly financial statements had to be restated, and any of the following factors apply:
The restatement involves fraud or manipulation by insiders;
The restatement is accompanied by an SEC inquiry or investigation;
The restatement involves revenue recognition;
The restatement results in a greater than 5% adjustment to costs of goods sold, operating expense, or operating cash flows; or
The restatement results in a greater than 5% adjustment to net income, 10% adjustment to assets or shareholders equity, or cash flows from financing or investing activities.
15. All members of an audit committee if the company repeatedly fails to file its financial reports in a timely fashion. For example, the company has filed two or more quarterly or annual financial statements late within the last 5 quarters.
16. All members of an audit committee when it has been disclosed that a law enforcement agency has charged the company and/or its employees with a violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
17. All members of an audit committee when the company has aggressive accounting policies and/or poor disclosure or lack of sufficient transparency in its financial statements.
18. All members of the audit committee when there is a disagreement with the auditor and the auditor resigns or is dismissed.
19. All members of the audit committee if the contract with the auditor specifically limits the auditor’s liability to the company for damages.14
20. All members of the audit committee who served since the date of the company’s last annual meeting, and when, since the last annual meeting, the company has reported a material weakness that has not yet been corrected, or, when the company has an ongoing material weakness from a prior year that has not yet been corrected.
We also take a dim view of audit committee reports that are boilerplate, and which provide little or no information or transparency to investors. When a problem such as a material weakness, restatement or late filings occurs, we take into consideration, in forming our judgment with respect to the audit committee, the transparency of the audit committee report.
Compensation Committee Performance
 
13   Auditors are required to report all potential illegal acts to management and the audit committee unless they are clearly inconsequential in nature. If the audit committee or the board fails to take appropriate action on an act that has been determined to be a violation of the law, the independent auditor is required to send a section 10A letter to the SEC. Such letters are rare and therefore we believe should be taken seriously.
 
14   The Council of Institutional Investors. “Corporate Governance Policies,” p. 4, April 5, 2006; and “Letter from Council of Institutional Investors to the AICPA,” November 8, 2006.

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Compensation committees have the final say in determining the compensation of executives. This includes deciding the basis on which compensation is determined, as well as the amounts and types of compensation to be paid. This process begins with the hiring and initial establishment of employment agreements, including the terms for such items as pay, pensions and severance arrangements. It is important in establishing compensation arrangements that compensation be consistent with, and based on the long-term economic performance of, the business’s long-term shareholders returns.
Compensation committees are also responsible for the oversight of the transparency of compensation. This oversight includes disclosure of compensation arrangements, the matrix used in assessing pay for performance, and the use of compensation consultants. In order to ensure the independence of the compensation consultant, we believe the compensation committee should only engage a compensation consultant that is not also providing any services to the company or management apart from their contract with the compensation committee. It is important to investors that they have clear and complete disclosure of all the significant terms of compensation arrangements in order to make informed decisions with respect to the oversight and decisions of the compensation committee.
Finally, compensation committees are responsible for oversight of internal controls over the executive compensation process. This includes controls over gathering information used to determine compensation, establishment of equity award plans, and granting of equity awards. Lax controls can and have contributed to conflicting information being obtained, for example through the use of nonobjective consultants. Lax controls can also contribute to improper awards of compensation such as through granting of backdated or spring-loaded options, or granting of bonuses when triggers for bonus payments have not been met.
Central to understanding the actions of a compensation committee is a careful review of the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (CD&A) report included in each company’s proxy. We review the CD&A in our evaluation of the overall compensation practices of a company, as overseen by the compensation committee. The CD&A is also integral to the evaluation of compensation proposals at companies, such as management-submitted advisory compensation vote proposals, which allow shareholders to vote on the compensation paid to a company’s top executives.
In our evaluation of the CD&A, we examine, among other factors, the following:
1. The extent to which the company uses appropriate performance goals and metrics in determining overall compensation as an indication that pay is tied to performance.
2. How clearly the company discloses performance metrics and goals so that shareholders may make an independent determination that goals were met.
3. The extent to which the performance metrics, targets and goals are implemented to enhance company performance and encourage prudent risk-taking.
4. The selected peer group(s) so that shareholders can make a comparison of pay and performance across the appropriate peer group.
5. The extent to which the company benchmarks compensation levels at a specific percentile of its peer group along with the rationale for selecting such a benchmark.
6. The amount of discretion granted management or the compensation committee to deviate from defined performance metrics and goals in making awards, as well as the appropriateness of the use of such discretion.

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We provide an overall evaluation of the quality and content of a company’s executive compensation policies and procedures as disclosed in a CD&A as either good, fair or poor.
We evaluate compensation committee members on the basis of their performance while serving on the compensation committee in question, not for actions taken solely by prior committee members who are not currently serving on the committee. At companies that provide shareholders with non-binding advisory votes on executive compensation (“Say-on-Pay”), we will use the Say-on-Pay proposal as the initial, primary means to express dissatisfaction with the company’s compensation polices and practices rather than recommending voting against members of the compensation committee (except in the most egregious cases).
When assessing the performance of compensation committees, we will recommend voting against for the following:15
1. All members of the compensation committee who are up for election and served at the time of poor pay-for-performance (e.g., a company receives an F grade in our pay-for-performance analysis) when shareholders are not provided with an advisory vote on executive compensation.16
2. Any member of the compensation committee who has served on the compensation committee of at least two other public companies that received F grades in our pay-for-performance model and who is also suspect at the company in question.
3. The compensation committee chair if the company received two D grades in consecutive years in our pay-for-performance analysis, and if during the past year the Company performed the same as or worse than its peers.17
4. All members of the compensation committee (during the relevant time period) if the company entered into excessive employment agreements and/or severance agreements.
5. All members of the compensation committee when performance goals were changed (i.e., lowered) when employees failed or were unlikely to meet original goals, or performance-based compensation was paid despite goals not being attained.
6. All members of the compensation committee if excessive employee perquisites and benefits were allowed.
 
15   Where the recommendation is to vote against the committee chair and the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern with regard to the committee chair.
 
16   Where there are multiple CEOs in one year, we will consider not recommending against the compensation committee but will defer judgment on compensation policies and practices until the next year or a full year after arrival of the new CEO. In addition, if a company provides shareholders with a Say-on-Pay proposal and receives an F grade in our pay-for-performance model, we will recommend that shareholders only vote against the Say-on-Pay proposal rather than the members of the compensation committee, unless the company exhibits egregious practices. However, if the company receives successive F grades, we will then recommend against the members of the compensation committee in addition to recommending voting against the Say-on-Pay proposal.
 
17   In cases where the company received two D grades in consecutive years, but during the past year the company performed better than its peers or improved from a D to an F grade year over year, we refrain from recommending to vote against the compensation chair. In addition, if a company provides shareholders with a Say-on-Pay proposal in this instance, we will consider voting against the advisory vote rather than the compensation committee chair unless the company exhibits unquestionably egregious practices.

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7. The compensation committee chair if the compensation committee did not meet during the year, but should have (e.g., because executive compensation was restructured or a new executive was hired).
8. All members of the compensation committee when the company repriced options within the past two years and we would not have supported the repricing (e.g., officers and directors were allowed to participate).
9. All members of the compensation committee when vesting of in-the-money options is accelerated or when fully vested options are granted.
10. All members of the compensation committee when option exercise prices were backdated. Glass Lewis will recommend voting against an executive director who played a role in and participated in option backdating.
11. All members of the compensation committee when option exercise prices were spring-loaded or otherwise timed around the release of material information.
12. All members of the compensation committee when a new employment contract is given to an executive that does not include a clawback provision and the company had a material restatement, especially if the restatement was due to fraud.
13. The chair of the compensation committee where the CD&A provides insufficient or unclear information about performance metrics and goals, where the CD&A indicates that pay is not tied to performance, or where the compensation committee or management has excessive discretion to alter performance terms or increase amounts of awards in contravention of previously defined targets.
14. All members of the compensation committee during whose tenure the committee failed to implement a shareholder proposal regarding a compensation-related issue, where the proposal received the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting shares at a shareholder meeting, and when a reasonable analysis suggests that the compensation committee (rather than the governance committee) should have taken steps to implement the request.18
Nominating and Governance Committee Performance
The nominating and governance committee, as an agency for the shareholders, is responsible for the governance by the board of the company and its executives. In performing this role, the board is responsible and accountable for selection of objective and competent board members. It is also responsible for providing leadership on governance policies adopted by the company, such as decisions to implement shareholder proposals that have received a majority vote.
Regarding the nominating and or governance committee, we will recommend voting against the following:19
1. All members of the governance committee20 during whose tenure the board failed to implement a shareholder proposal with a direct and substantial impact on shareholders and
 
18   In all other instances (i.e. a non-compensation-related shareholder proposal should have been implemented) we recommend that shareholders vote against the members of the governance committee.
 
19   Where we would recommend to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern regarding the committee chair.
 
20   If the board does not have a governance committee (or a committee that serves such a purpose), we recommend voting against the entire board on this basis.

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their rights — i.e., where the proposal received enough shareholder votes (at least a majority) to allow the board to implement or begin to implement that proposal.21 Examples of these types of shareholder proposals are majority vote to elect directors and to declassify the board.
2. The governance committee chair,22 when the chairman is not independent and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.23 We note that each of the Business Roundtable, The Conference Board, and the Council of Institutional Investors advocates that two-thirds of the board be independent.
3. In the absence of a nominating committee, the governance committee chair when there are less than five or the whole nominating committee when there are more than 20 members on the board.
4. The governance committee chair, when the committee fails to meet at all during the year.
5. The governance committee chair, when for two consecutive years the company provides what we consider to be “inadequate” related party transaction disclosure (i.e. the nature of such transactions and/or the monetary amounts involved are unclear or excessively vague, thereby preventing an average shareholder from being able to reasonably interpret the independence status of multiple directors above and beyond what the company maintains is compliant with SEC or applicable stock-exchange listing requirements).
Regarding the nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the following:24
1. All members of the nominating committee, when the committee nominated or renominated an individual who had a significant conflict of interest or whose past actions demonstrated a lack of integrity or inability to represent shareholder interests.
2. The nominating committee chair, if the nominating committee did not meet during the year, but should have (i.e., because new directors were nominated or appointed since the time of the last annual meeting).
3. In the absence of a governance committee, the nominating committee chair25 when the chairman is not independent, and an independent lead or presiding director has not been appointed.26
 
21   Where a compensation-related shareholder proposal should have been implemented, and when a reasonable analysis suggests that the members of the compensation committee (rather than the governance committee) bear the responsibility for failing to implement the request, we recommend that shareholders only vote against members of the compensation committee.
 
22   If the committee chair is not specified, we recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest. If the longest-serving committee member cannot be determined, we will recommend voting against the longest-serving board member serving on the committee.
 
23   We believe that one independent individual should be appointed to serve as the lead or presiding director. When such a position is rotated among directors from meeting to meeting, we will recommend voting against as if there were no lead or presiding director.
 
24   Where we would recommend is to vote against the committee chair but the chair is not up for election because the board is staggered, we do not recommend voting against any members of the committee who are up for election; rather, we will simply express our concern regarding the committee chair.
 
25   If the committee chair is not specified, we will recommend voting against the director who has been on the committee the longest. If the longest-serving committee member cannot be determined, we will recommend voting against the longest-serving board member on the committee.
 
26   In the absence of both a governance and a nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the chairman of the board on this basis.

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4. The nominating committee chair, when there are less than five or the whole nominating committee when there are more than 20 members on the board.27
5. The nominating committee chair, when a director received a greater than 50% against vote the prior year and not only was the director not removed, but the issues that raised shareholder concern were not corrected.28
Board-level Risk Management Oversight
Glass Lewis evaluates the risk management function of a public company board on a strictly case-by-case basis. Sound risk management, while necessary at all companies, is particularly important at financial firms which inherently maintain significant exposure to financial risk. We believe such financial firms should have a chief risk officer reporting directly to the board and a dedicated risk committee or a committee of the board charged with risk oversight. Moreover, many non-financial firms maintain strategies which involve a high level of exposure to financial risk. Similarly, since many non-financial firm have significant hedging or trading strategies, including financial and non-financial derivatives, those firms should also have a chief risk officer and a risk committee.
When analyzing the risk management practices of public companies, we take note of any significant losses or writedowns on financial assets and/or structured transactions. In cases where a company has disclosed a sizable loss or writedown, and where we find that the company’s board-level risk committee contributed to the loss through poor oversight, we would recommend that shareholders vote against such committee members on that basis. In addition, in cases where a company maintains a significant level of financial risk exposure but fails to disclose any explicit form of board-level risk oversight (committee or otherwise)29, we will consider recommending to vote against the chairman of the board on that basis. However, we generally would not recommend voting against a combined chairman/CEO except in egregious cases.
Experience
We find that a director’s past conduct is often indicative of future conduct and performance. We often find directors with a history of overpaying executives or of serving on boards where avoidable disasters have occurred appearing at companies that follow these same patterns. Glass Lewis has a proprietary database of every officer and director serving at 8,000 of the most widely held U.S. companies. We use this database to track the performance of directors across companies.
Voting Recommendations on the Basis of Director Experience
We typically recommend that shareholders vote against directors who have served on boards or as executives of companies with records of poor performance, inadequate risk oversight,
 
27   In the absence of both a governance and a nominating committee, we will recommend voting against the chairman of the board on this basis.
 
28   Considering that shareholder discontent clearly relates to the director who received a greater than 50% against vote rather than the nominating chair, we review the validity of the issue(s) that initially raised shareholder concern, follow-up on such matters, and only recommend voting against the nominating chair if a reasonable analysis suggests that it would be most appropriate. In rare cases, we will consider recommending against the nominating chair when a director receives a substantial (i.e., 25% or more) vote against based on the same analysis.
 
29   A committee responsible for risk management could be a dedicated risk committee, or another board committee, usually the audit committee but occasionally the finance committee, depending on a given company’s board structure and method of disclosure. At some companies, the entire board is charged with risk management.

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overcompensation, audit- or accounting-related issues, and/or other indicators of mismanagement or actions against the interests of shareholders.30
Likewise, we examine the backgrounds of those who serve on key board committees to ensure that they have the required skills and diverse backgrounds to make informed judgments about the subject matter for which the committee is responsible.
Other Considerations
In addition to the three key characteristics – independence, performance, experience – that we use to evaluate board members, we consider conflict-of-interest issues in making voting recommendations.
Conflicts of Interest
We believe board members should be wholly free of identifiable and substantial conflicts of interest, regardless of the overall level of independent directors on the board. Accordingly, we recommend that shareholders vote against the following types of affiliated or inside directors:
1. A CFO who is on the board: In our view, the CFO holds a unique position relative to financial reporting and disclosure to shareholders. Because of the critical importance of financial disclosure and reporting, we believe the CFO should report to the board and not be a member of it.
2. A director who is on an excessive number of boards: We will typically recommend voting against a director who serves as an executive officer of any public company while serving on more than two other public company boards and any other director who serves on more than six public company boards typically receives an against recommendation from Glass Lewis. Academic literature suggests that one board takes up approximately 200 hours per year of each member’s time. We believe this limits the number of boards on which directors can effectively serve, especially executives at other companies.31 Further, we note a recent study has shown that the average number of outside board seats held by CEOs of S&P 500 companies is 0.7, down from 0.9 in 2004 and 1.6 in 1999.32
3. A director, or a director who has an immediate family member, providing consulting or other material professional services to the company: These services may include legal, consulting, or financial services. We question the need for the company to have consulting relationships with its directors. We view such relationships as creating conflicts for directors, since they may be forced to weigh their own interests against shareholder interests when making board decisions. In addition, a company’s decisions regarding where to turn for the best professional services may be compromised when doing business with the professional services firm of one of the company’s directors.
4. A director, or a director who has an immediate family member, engaging in airplane, real estate, or similar deals, including perquisite-type grants from the company, amounting
 
30   We typically apply a three-year look-back to such issues and also research to see whether the responsible directors have been up for election since the time of the failure, and if so, we take into account the percentage of support they received from shareholders.
 
31   Our guidelines are similar to the standards set forth by the NACD in its “Report of the NACD Blue Ribbon Commission on Director Professionalism,” 2001 Edition, pp. 14-15 (also cited approvingly by the Conference Board in its “Corporate Governance Best Practices: A Blueprint for the Post-Enron Era,” 2002, p. 17), which suggested that CEOs should not serve on more than 2 additional boards, persons with full-time work should not serve on more than 4 additional boards, and others should not serve on more than six boards.
 
32   Spencer Stuart Board Index, 2009, p. 19

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to more than $50,000: Directors who receive these sorts of payments from the company will have to make unnecessarily complicated decisions that may pit their interests against shareholder interests.
5. Interlocking directorships: CEOs or other top executives who serve on each other’s boards create an interlock that poses conflicts that should be avoided to ensure the promotion of shareholder interests above all else.33
6. All board members who served at a time when a poison pill was adopted without shareholder approval within the prior twelve months.
Size of the Board of Directors
While we do not believe there is a universally applicable optimum board size, we do believe boards should have at least five directors to ensure sufficient diversity in decision-making and to enable the formation of key board committees with independent directors. Conversely, we believe that boards with more than 20 members will typically suffer under the weight of “too many cooks in the kitchen” and have difficulty reaching consensus and making timely decisions. Sometimes the presence of too many voices can make it difficult to draw on the wisdom and experience in the room by virtue of the need to limit the discussion so that each voice may be heard.
To that end, we typically recommend voting against the chairman of the nominating committee at a board with fewer than five directors. With boards consisting of more than 20 directors, we typically recommend voting against all members of the nominating committee (or the governance committee, in the absence of a nominating committee).34
Controlled Companies
Controlled companies present an exception to our independence recommendations. The board’s function is to protect shareholder interests; however, when an individual or entity owns more than 50% of the voting shares, the interests of the majority of shareholders are the interests of that entity or individual. Consequently, Glass Lewis does not apply our usual two-thirds independence rule and therefore we will not recommend voting against boards whose composition reflects the makeup of the shareholder population.
Independence Exceptions
The independence exceptions that we make for controlled companies are as follows:
1. We do not require that controlled companies have boards that are at least two-thirds independent. So long as the insiders and/or affiliates are connected with the controlling entity, we accept the presence of non-independent board members.
2. The compensation committee and nominating and governance committees do not need to consist solely of independent directors.
 
33   There is no look-back period for this situation. This only applies to public companies and we only footnote it for the non-insider.
 
34   The Conference Board, at p. 23 in its report “Corporate Governance Best Practices, Id.,” quotes one of its roundtable participants as stating, “[w]hen you’ve got a 20 or 30 person corporate board, it’s one way of assuring that nothing is ever going to happen that the CEO doesn’t want to happen.”

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a. We believe that standing nominating and corporate governance committees at controlled companies are unnecessary. Although having a committee charged with the duties of searching for, selecting, and nominating independent directors can be beneficial, the unique composition of a controlled company’s shareholder base makes such committees weak and irrelevant.
b. Likewise, we believe that independent compensation committees at controlled companies are unnecessary. Although independent directors are the best choice for approving and monitoring senior executives’ pay, controlled companies serve a unique shareholder population whose voting power ensures the protection of its interests. As such, we believe that having affiliated directors on a controlled company’s compensation committee is acceptable. However, given that a controlled company has certain obligations to minority shareholders we feel that an insider should not serve on the compensation committee. Therefore, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against any insider (the CEO or otherwise) serving on the compensation committee.
3. Controlled companies do not need an independent chairman or an independent lead or presiding director. Although an independent director in a position of authority on the board – such as chairman or presiding director – can best carry out the board’s duties, controlled companies serve a unique shareholder population whose voting power ensures the protection of its interests.
4. Where an individual or entity owns more than 50% of a company’s voting power but the company is not a “controlled” company as defined by relevant listing standards, we apply a lower independence requirement of a majority of the board but keep all other standards in place. Similarly, where an individual or entity holds between 20-50% of a company’s voting power, but the company is not “controlled” and there is not a “majority” owner, we will allow for proportional representation on the board based on the individual or entity’s percentage of ownership.
Size of the Board of Directors
We have no board size requirements for controlled companies.
Audit Committee Independence
We believe that audit committees should consist solely of independent directors. Regardless of a company’s controlled status, the interests of all shareholders must be protected by ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the company’s financial statements. Allowing affiliated directors to oversee the preparation of financial reports could create an insurmountable conflict of interest.
Mutual Fund Boards
Mutual funds, or investment companies, are structured differently from regular public companies (i.e., operating companies). Typically, members of a fund’s adviser are on the board and management takes on a different role from that of regular public companies. Thus, we focus on a short list of requirements, although many of our guidelines remain the same.
The following mutual fund policies are similar to the policies for regular public companies:
1. Size of the board of directors: The board should be made up of between five and twenty directors.

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2. The CFO on the board: Neither the CFO of the fund nor the CFO of the fund’s registered investment adviser should serve on the board.
3. Independence of the audit committee: The audit committee should consist solely of independent directors.
4. Audit committee financial expert: At least one member of the audit committee should be designated as the audit committee financial expert.
The following differences from regular public companies apply at mutual funds:
1. Independence of the board: We believe that three-fourths of an investment company’s board should be made up of independent directors. This is consistent with a proposed SEC rule on investment company boards. The Investment Company Act requires 40% of the board to be independent, but in 2001, the SEC amended the Exemptive Rules to require that a majority of a mutual fund board be independent. In 2005, the SEC proposed increasing the independence threshold to 75%. In 2006, a federal appeals court ordered that this rule amendment be put back out for public comment, putting it back into “proposed rule” status. Since mutual fund boards play a vital role in overseeing the relationship between the fund and its investment manager, there is greater need for independent oversight than there is for an operating company board.
2. When the auditor is not up for ratification: We do not recommend voting against the audit committee if the auditor is not up for ratification because, due to the different legal structure of an investment company compared to an operating company, the auditor for the investment company (i.e., mutual fund) does not conduct the same level of financial review for each investment company as for an operating company.
3. Non-independent chairman: The SEC has proposed that the chairman of the fund board be independent. We agree that the roles of a mutual fund’s chairman and CEO should be separate. Although we believe this would be best at all companies, we recommend voting against the chairman of an investment company’s nominating committee as well as the chairman of the board if the chairman and CEO of a mutual fund are the same person and the fund does not have an independent lead or presiding director. Seven former SEC commissioners support the appointment of an independent chairman and we agree with them that “an independent board chairman would be better able to create conditions favoring the long-term interests of fund shareholders than would a chairman who is an executive of the adviser.” (See the comment letter sent to the SEC in support of the proposed rule at http://sec.gov/rules/proposed/s70304/s70304-179.pdf)
DECLASSIFIED BOARDS
Glass Lewis favors the repeal of staggered boards and the annual election of directors. We believe staggered boards are less accountable to shareholders than boards that are elected annually. Furthermore, we feel the annual election of directors encourages board members to focus on shareholder interests.
Empirical studies have shown: (i) companies with staggered boards reduce a firm’s value; and (ii) in the context of hostile takeovers, staggered boards operate as a takeover defense, which entrenches management, discourages potential acquirers, and delivers a lower return to target shareholders.
In our view, there is no evidence to demonstrate that staggered boards improve shareholder returns in a takeover context. Research shows that shareholders are worse off when a staggered board blocks a transaction. A study by a group of Harvard Law professors concluded that companies whose staggered boards prevented a takeover “reduced shareholder returns for targets... on the order of eight to ten

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percent in the nine months after a hostile bid was announced.”35 When a staggered board negotiates a friendly transaction, no statistically significant difference in premiums occurs.36
During a March 2004 Glass Lewis Proxy Talk on staggered boards, the proponents of staggered boards could not identify research showing that staggered boards increase shareholder value. The opponents of such a structure marshaled significant support for the proposition that, holding everything else constant, classified boards reduce shareholder value. Lucian Bebchuk, a Harvard Law professor who studies corporate governance issues, concluded that charter-based staggered boards “reduce the market value of a firm by 4% to 6% of its market capitalization” and that “staggered boards bring about and not merely reflect this reduction in market value.”37
Shareholders have increasingly come to agree with this view. In 2008 only 40% of U.S. companies had a classified board structure, down from approximately 60% of companies in 2004. Clearly, more shareholders have supported the repeal of classified boards. Resolutions relating to the repeal of staggered boards garnered on average over 70% support among shareholders in 2008, whereas in 1987, only 16.4% of votes cast favored board declassification.
Given the empirical evidence suggesting staggered boards reduce a company’s value and the increasing shareholder opposition to such a structure, Glass Lewis supports the declassification of boards and the annual election of directors.
MANDATORY DIRECTOR RETIREMENT PROVISIONS
Director Term and Age Limits
Glass Lewis believes that director age and term limits typically are not in shareholders’ best interests. Too often age and term limits are used by boards as a crutch to remove board members who have served for an extended period of time. When used in that fashion, they are indicative of a board that has a difficult time making “tough decisions.”
Academic literature suggests that there is no evidence of a correlation between either length of tenure or age and director performance. On occasion, term limits can be used as a means to remove a director for boards that are unwilling to police their membership and to enforce turnover. Some shareholders support term limits as a way to force change when boards are unwilling to do so.
While we understand age limits can be a way to force change where boards are unwilling to make changes on their own, the long-term impact of age limits restricts experienced and potentially valuable board members from service through an arbitrary means. Further, age limits unfairly imply that older (or, in rare cases, younger) directors cannot contribute to company oversight. A director’s experience can be valuable to shareholders because directors navigate complex and critical issues when serving on a board.
In our view, a director’s experience can be a valuable asset to shareholders because of the complex, critical issues that boards face. However, we support periodic director rotation to ensure a fresh perspective in the boardroom and the generation of new ideas and business strategies. We believe the board should implement such rotation instead of relying on arbitrary limits. When necessary, shareholders can address the issue of director rotation through director elections.
 
35   Lucian Bebchuk, John Coates, Guhan Subramanian, “The Powerful Antitakeover Force of Staggered Boards: Further Findings and a Reply to Symposium Participants,” December 2002, page 1.
 
36   Id. at 2 (“Examining a sample of seventy-three negotiated transactions from 2000 to 2002, we find no systematic benefits in terms of higher premia to boards that have [staggered structures].”).
 
37   Lucian Bebchuk, Alma Cohen, “The Costs of Entrenched Boards” (2004).

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We believe that shareholders are better off monitoring the board’s approach to corporate governance and the board’s stewardship of company performance rather than imposing inflexible rules that don’t necessarily correlate with returns or benefits for shareholders.
However, if a board adopts term/age limits, it should follow through and not waive such limits. If the board waives its term/age limits, Glass Lewis will consider recommending shareholders vote against the nominating and/or governance committees, unless the rule was waived with sufficient explanation, such as consummation of a corporate transaction like a merger.
REQUIRING TWO OR MORE NOMINEES PER BOARD SEAT
In an attempt to address lack of access to the ballot, shareholders sometimes propose that the board give shareholders a choice of directors for each open board seat in every election. However, we feel that policies requiring a selection of multiple nominees for each board seat would discourage prospective directors from accepting nominations. A prospective director could not be confident either that he or she is the board’s clear choice or that he or she would be elected. Therefore, Glass Lewis generally will vote against such proposals.
SHAREHOLDER ACCESS
The SEC proposal: Shareholders have continuously sought a way to have a voice in director elections in recent years. Most of these efforts have centered on regulatory change at the SEC over the past several years. In July of 2007, the SEC responded by issuing two proposed rules, one to allow certain shareholders to submit director nominations for inclusion on management’s proxy and the second to disallow shareholder access proposals from being submitted by shareholders. The former rule did not pass but the latter rule was subsequently approved by the SEC in November of 2007, allowing companies to exclude shareholder access proposals from their proxy statements, in effect reverting to the SEC position prior to AFSCME’s challenge, ultimately upheld by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, of the SEC’s decision to allow AIG to exclude the group’s access proposal.
During this window of opportunity prior to the SEC’s final rulemaking in November, three companies faced access proposals in 2007. The proposals received considerable votes in favor, garnering nearly 40% support at Hewlett Packard, 42% support at UnitedHealth and passing with 51% of the votes at Cryo-Cell International.
More recently, in June 2009 the SEC released proposed Rule 14a-11, which, if adopted would require most companies to include shareholder nominees for directors in company proxy materials under certain circumstances—namely if the shareholder(s) seeking to nominate directors beneficially owned shares in the company for at least one year, as well as met an ownership threshold based on a sliding scale depending on the company’s size. Since the release of proposed Rule 14a-11, the SEC has reviewed over 500 public comment letters regarding the rule and has therefore deferred voting on the proposed rule until early 2010. As a result, it is unlikely shareholders will have the opportunity to vote on access proposals in 2010.
MAJORITY VOTE FOR THE ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
In stark contrast to the failure of shareholder access to gain acceptance, majority voting for the election of directors is fast becoming the de facto standard in corporate board elections. In our view, the majority voting proposals are an effort to make the case for shareholder impact on director elections on a company-specific basis.

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While this proposal would not give shareholders the opportunity to nominate directors or lead to elections where shareholders have a choice among director candidates, if implemented, the proposal would allow shareholders to have a voice in determining whether the nominees proposed by the board should actually serve as the overseer-representatives of shareholders in the boardroom. We believe this would be a favorable outcome for shareholders.
During 2009 Glass Lewis tracked 46 proposals to require a majority vote to elect directors at annual meetings in the U.S., up from 24 such proposals in 2008, but down from 54 proposals during 2007 and 147 proposals during 2006. The general decline in the number of proposals being submitted was a result of many companies adopting some form of majority voting, including well over 2/3 of companies in the S&P 500 index. During 2009 these proposals received on average 59% shareholder support (based on for and against votes), up from 54% in 2008.
The plurality vote standard
Today, most US companies still elect directors by a plurality vote standard. Under that standard, if one shareholder holding only one share votes in favor of a nominee (including himself, if the director is a shareholder), that nominee “wins” the election and assumes a seat on the board. The common concern among companies with a plurality voting standard was the possibility that one or more directors would not receive a majority of votes, resulting in “failed elections.” This was of particular concern during the 1980s, an era of frequent takeovers and contests for control of companies.
Advantages of a majority vote standard
If a majority vote standard were implemented, a nominee would have to receive the support of a majority of the shares voted in order to be elected. Thus, shareholders could collectively vote to reject a director they believe will not pursue their best interests. We think that this minimal amount of protection for shareholders is reasonable and will not upset the corporate structure nor reduce the willingness of qualified shareholder-focused directors to serve in the future.
We believe that a majority vote standard will likely lead to more attentive directors. Occasional use of this power will likely prevent the election of directors with a record of ignoring shareholder interests in favor of other interests that conflict with those of investors. Glass Lewis will generally support proposals calling for the election of directors by a majority vote except for use in contested director elections.
In response to the high level of support majority voting has garnered, many companies have voluntarily taken steps to implement majority voting or modified approaches to majority voting. These steps range from a modified approach requiring directors that receive a majority of withheld votes to resign (e.g., Ashland Inc.) to actually requiring a majority vote of outstanding shares to elect directors (e.g., Intel).
We feel that the modified approach does not go far enough because requiring a director to resign is not the same as requiring a majority vote to elect a director and does not allow shareholders a definitive voice in the election process. Further, under the modified approach, the corporate governance committee could reject a resignation and, even if it accepts the resignation, the corporate governance committee decides on the director’s replacement. And since the modified approach is usually adopted as a policy by the board or a board committee, it could be altered by the same board or committee at any time.

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II. Transparency and
Integrity of Financial Reporting
AUDITOR RATIFICATION
The auditor’s role as gatekeeper is crucial in ensuring the integrity and transparency of the financial information necessary for protecting shareholder value. Shareholders rely on the auditor to ask tough questions and to do a thorough analysis of a company’s books to ensure that the information provided to shareholders is complete, accurate, fair, and that it is a reasonable representation of a company’s financial position. The only way shareholders can make rational investment decisions is if the market is equipped with accurate information about a company’s fiscal health. As stated in the October 6, 2008 Final Report of the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession to the U.S. Department of the Treasury:
“The auditor is expected to offer critical and objective judgment on the financial matters under consideration, and actual and perceived absence of conflicts is critical to that expectation. The Committee believes that auditors, investors, public companies, and other market participants must understand the independence requirements and their objectives, and that auditors must adopt a mindset of skepticism when facing situations that may compromise their independence.”
As such, shareholders should demand an objective, competent and diligent auditor who performs at or above professional standards at every company in which the investors hold an interest. Like directors, auditors should be free from conflicts of interest and should avoid situations requiring a choice between the auditor’s interests and the public’s interests. Almost without exception, shareholders should be able to annually review an auditor’s performance and to annually ratify a board’s auditor selection. Moreover, in October 2008, the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession went even further, and recommended that “to further enhance audit committee oversight and auditor accountability... disclosure in the company proxy statement regarding shareholder ratification [should] include the name(s) of the senior auditing partner(s) staffed on the engagement.”38
Voting Recommendations on Auditor Ratification
We generally support management’s choice of auditor except when we believe the auditor’s independence or audit integrity has been compromised. Where a board has not allowed shareholders to review and ratify an auditor, we typically recommend voting against the audit committee chairman. When there have been material restatements of annual financial statements or material weakness in internal controls, we usually recommend voting against the entire audit committee.
Reasons why we may not recommend ratification of an auditor include:
1. When audit fees plus audit-related fees total less than the tax fees and/or other non-audit fees.
 
38   “Final Report of the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession to the U.S. Department of the Treasury.” p. VIII:20, October 6, 2008.

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2. Recent material restatements of annual financial statements, including those resulting in the reporting of material weaknesses in internal controls and including late filings by the company where the auditor bears some responsibility for the restatement or late filing.39
3. When the auditor performs prohibited services such as tax-shelter work, tax services for the CEO or CFO, or contingent-fee work, such as a fee based on a percentage of economic benefit to the company.
4. When audit fees are excessively low, especially when compared with other companies in the same industry.
5. When the company has aggressive accounting policies.
6. When the company has poor disclosure or lack of transparency in its financial statements.
7. Where the auditor limited its liability through its contract with the company or the audit contract requires the corporation to use alternative dispute resolution procedures.
8. We also look for other relationships or concerns with the auditor that might suggest a conflict between the auditor’s interests and shareholder interests.
We typically support audit-related proposals regarding mandatory auditor rotation when the proposal uses a reasonable period of time (usually not less than 5-7 years).
PENSION ACCOUNTING ISSUES
A pension accounting question often raised in proxy proposals is what effect, if any, projected returns on employee pension assets should have on a company’s net income. This issue often arises in the executive-compensation context in a discussion of the extent to which pension accounting should be reflected in business performance for purposes of calculating payments to executives.
Glass Lewis believes that pension credits should not be included in measuring income that is used to award performance-based compensation. Because many of the assumptions used in accounting for retirement plans are subject to the company’s discretion, management would have an obvious conflict of interest if pay were tied to pension income. In our view, projected income from pensions does not truly reflect a company’s performance.
 
39   An auditor does not audit interim financial statements. Thus, we generally do not believe that an auditor should be opposed due to a restatement of interim financial statements unless the nature of the misstatement is clear from a reading of the incorrect financial statements.

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III. The Link Between
Compensation and Performance
Glass Lewis carefully reviews the compensation awarded to senior executives. We believe that this is an important area in which the board’s priorities are revealed. However, as a general rule, Glass Lewis does not believe shareholders should be involved in the design, negotiation, management or approval of compensation packages. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through their election.
However, Glass Lewis strongly believes executive compensation should be linked directly with the performance of the business the executive is charged with managing. Glass Lewis has a proprietary pay-for-performance model that evaluates the pay of the top five executives at US companies. Our model benchmarks these executives’ pay against their performance using four peer groups for each company: an industry peer group, a smaller sector peer group, a group of similar size companies and a geographic peer group. Using a forced curve and a school letter-grade system, we rank companies according to their pay-for-performance and recommend voting against compensation committees of companies failing our pay-for-performance analysis.
We use this analysis to inform our voting decisions on each of the compensation issues that arise on the ballot. Likewise, we use this analysis in our evaluation of the compensation committee’s performance.
Full Disclosure of Executive Compensation
Glass Lewis believes that comprehensive, timely and transparent disclosure of executive pay is critical to allowing shareholders to evaluate the extent to which the pay is keeping pace with company performance. When reviewing proxy materials, Glass Lewis examines whether the company discloses the performance metrics used to determine executive compensation. Performance metrics vary and may include items such as revenue growth, targets, or human resources issues.
However, we are concerned when a proposal goes too far in the level of detail that it requests for executives other than the most high-ranking leaders of the company. Shareholders are unlikely to need or be able to use compensation information for employees below the level of the most senior corporate officers.
Moreover, it is rarely in shareholders’ interests to disclose competitive data about individual salaries below the senior executive level. Such disclosure could create internal personnel discord that would be counterproductive for the company and its shareholders. While we favor full disclosure for senior executives and we view pay disclosure at the aggregate level (e.g., the number of employees being paid over a certain amount or in certain categories) as potentially useful, we do not believe shareholders need or will benefit from detailed reports about individual management employees other than the most senior executives.
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”)
The practice of approving a company’s compensation reports is standard practice in many non- US countries, and has been a requirement for companies in the United Kingdom since 2002 and in Australia since 2005. More recently, such proposals have been gaining traction in the United States. Beginning with AFLAC in 2008, over a dozen US companies began to voluntarily provide shareholders with an advisory vote prior to 2009. However, in February of 2009 the U.S. government implemented the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which required all companies that participated in the

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Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”) under the US Treasury’s Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) to provide shareholders with a separate shareholder vote to approve executive compensation. Glass Lewis reviewed over 280 of these Say-on-Pay proposals in 2009. As the US Treasury Department, the SEC and Congress contemplate proposed federal regulation in 2010 that would mandate advisory votes at all US public companies, shareholders should anticipate Say-on-Pay becoming a routine item at annual meetings in the years ahead.
Glass Lewis applies a highly nuanced approach when analyzing advisory votes on executive compensation. Not only can the specific resolutions vary from company to company, but we believe the compensation-related disclosure must be examined in the context of each company’s distinct industry as well as its historic pay-for-performance practices. Although Say-on-Pay proposals are non-binding, a high level of “against” or “abstain” votes demonstrate a lack of shareholder confidence in a company’s compensation policies and procedures. Therefore, after determining the specific aspects of disclosure actually being voted on (i.e., the CD&A, the summary compensation tables, and/or any related material), we focus on the following main factors when reviewing Say-on-Pay proposals:
The overall design and structure of the Company’s executive compensation program;
The link between compensation and performance as indicated by the Company’s current and past pay-for-performance grades;
The quality and content of the Company’s CD&A disclosure and
Any significant changes or modifications made to the Company’s compensation structure or award amounts, including base salaries.
In cases where our analysis reveals a compensation structure in drastic need of reform, we will recommend that shareholders vote against the Say-on-Pay proposal. Generally such instances include evidence of a pattern of poor pay-for-performance practices (i.e., deficient or failing pay for performance grades), unclear or questionable disclosure regarding the overall compensation structure (i.e., limited information regarding benchmarking processes, limited rationale for bonus performance metrics and targets, etc.), questionable adjustments to certain aspects of the overall compensation structure (i.e., limited rationale for significant changes to performance targets or metrics, the payout of guaranteed bonuses or sizable retention grants, etc.), and/or other egregious compensation practices.
Limits on Executive Compensation
Generally, Glass Lewis believes shareholders should not be directly involved in setting executive pay. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee. We view the election of compensation committee members as the appropriate mechanism for shareholders to express their disapproval or support of board policy on executive pay. Further, we believe that companies whose pay-for-performance is in line with their peers should be able to pay their executives in a way that drives growth and profit, without destroying ethical values, giving consideration to their peers’ comparable size and performance.
However, Glass Lewis favors performance-based compensation as an effective way to motivate executives to act in shareholders’ best interests. Performance-based pay may be limited if CEO pay is capped at a low level rather than flexibly tied to company performance.
Limits on Executive Stock Options
Stock options are a common form of executive compensation. Making options a part of compensation may be an effective way to attract and retain experienced executives and other key employees. Tying a portion of an executive’s pay to company performance also provides a good incentive for executives to

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maximize share value. Thus, we typically recommend that our clients oppose caps on executive stock options. However, stock option plans should prohibit re-pricing or vesting acceleration of the options.
Equity-Based Compensation Plans
Glass Lewis evaluates option- and other equity-based compensation plans using a detailed model and analyst review. We believe that equity compensation awards are useful, when not abused, for retaining employees and providing an incentive for them to act in a way that will improve company performance.
Equity-based compensation programs have important differences from cash compensation plans and bonus programs. Accordingly, our model and analysis takes into account factors such as plan administration, the method and terms of exercise, repricing history, express or implied rights to reprice, and the presence of evergreen provisions.
Our analysis is quantitative and focused on the plan’s cost as compared with the business’s operating metrics. We run twenty different analyses, comparing the program with absolute limits we believe are key to equity value creation and with a carefully chosen peer group. In general, our model seeks to determine whether the proposed plan is either absolutely excessive or is more than one standard deviation away from the average plan for the peer group on a range of criteria, including dilution to shareholders and the projected annual cost relative to the company’s financial performance. Each of the twenty analyses (and their constituent parts) is weighted and the plan is scored in accordance with that weight.
In our analysis, we compare the program’s expected annual expense with the business’s operating metrics to help determine whether the plan is excessive in light of company performance. We also compare the option plan’s expected annual cost to the enterprise value of the firm rather than to market capitalization because the employees, managers and directors of the firm create enterprise value and not necessarily market capitalization (the biggest difference is seen where cash represents the vast majority of market capitalization). Finally, we do not rely exclusively on relative comparisons with averages because we believe that academic literature proves that some absolute limits are warranted.
We evaluate option plans based on ten overarching principles:
1. Companies should seek more shares only when needed.
2. Plans should be small enough that companies need shareholder approval every three to four years (or more frequently).
3. If a plan is relatively expensive, it should not grant options solely to senior executives and board members.
4. Annual net share count and voting power dilution should be limited.
5. Annual cost of the plan (especially if not shown on the income statement) should be reasonable as a percentage of financial results and should be in line with the peer group.
6. The expected annual cost of the plan should be proportional to the business’s value.
7. The intrinsic value that option grantees received in the past should be reasonable compared with the business’s financial results.
8. Plans should deliver value on a per-employee basis when compared with programs at peer companies.
9. Plans should not permit re-pricing of stock options.
10. Plans should not contain excessively liberal administrative or payment terms.

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Option Exchanges
Glass Lewis views option repricing plans and option exchange programs with great skepticism. Shareholders have substantial risk in owning stock and we believe that the employees, officers, and directors who receive stock options should be similarly situated to align their interests with shareholder interests.
We are concerned that option grantees who believe they will be “rescued” from underwater options will be more inclined to take unjustifiable risks. Moreover, a predictable pattern of repricing or exchanges substantially alters a stock option’s value because options that will practically never expire deeply out of the money are worth far more than options that carry a risk of expiration.
In short, repricings and option exchange programs change the bargain between shareholders and employees after the bargain has been struck. Re-pricing is tantamount to re-trading.
There is one circumstance in which a repricing or option exchange program is acceptable: if macroeconomic or industry trends cause a stock’s value to decline dramatically, rather than specific company issues, and repricing is necessary to motivate and retain employees. In this circumstance, we think it fair to conclude that option grantees may be suffering from a risk that was not foreseeable when the original “bargain” was struck. In such a circumstance, we will support a repricing only if the following conditions are true:
(i) officers and board members do not participate in the program;
(ii) the stock decline mirrors the market or industry price decline in terms of timing and approximates the decline in magnitude;
(iii) the exchange is value-neutral or value-creative to shareholders with very conservative assumptions and with a recognition of the adverse selection problems inherent in voluntary programs; and
(iv) management and the board make a cogent case for needing to motivate and retain existing employees, such as being in a competitive employment market.
Performance-Based Options
Shareholders commonly ask boards to adopt policies requiring that a significant portion of future stock option grants to senior executives be based on performance. Performance-based options are options where the exercise price is linked to an industry peer group’s stock-performance index.
Glass Lewis believes in performance-based equity compensation plans for senior executives. We feel that executives should be compensated with equity when their performance and the company’s performance warrants such rewards. While we do not believe that equity-based pay plans for all employees should be based on overall company performance, we do support such limitations for equity grants to senior executives (although some equity-based compensation of senior executives without performance criteria is acceptable, such as in the case of moderate incentive grants made in an initial offer of employment or in emerging industries).
Boards often argue that basing option grants on performance would hinder them in attracting talent. We believe that boards can develop a consistent, reliable approach to attract executives with the ability to guide the company toward its targets. If the board believes in performance-based pay for executives, then these proposals requiring the same should not hamper the board’s ability to create equity-based compensation plans.
We generally recommend that shareholders vote in favor of performance-based option requirements.

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Option Backdating, Spring-Loading, and Bullet-Dodging
Glass Lewis views option backdating, and the related practices of spring-loading and bullet-dodging, as egregious actions that warrant holding the appropriate management and board members responsible. These practices are similar to re-pricing options and eliminate much of the downside risk inherent in an option grant that is designed to induce recipients to maximize shareholder return. Backdating an option is the act of changing an option’s grant date from the actual grant date to an earlier date when the market price of the underlying stock was lower, resulting in a lower exercise price for the option. Glass Lewis has identified over 270 companies that have disclosed internal or government investigations into their past stock-option grants.
Spring-loading is granting stock options while in possession of material, positive information that has not been disclosed publicly. Bullet-dodging is delaying the grants of stock options until after the release of material, negative information. This can allow option grants to be made at a lower price either before the release of positive news or following the release of negative news, assuming the stock’s price will move up or down in response to the information. This raises a concern similar to that of insider trading, or the trading on material non-public information.
The exercise price for an option is determined on the day of grant, providing the recipient with the same market risk as an investor who bought shares on that date. However, where options were backdated, the executive or the board (or the compensation committee) changed the grant date retroactively. The new date may be at or near the lowest price for the year or period. This would be like allowing an investor to look back and select the lowest price of the year at which to buy shares.
A 2006 study of option grants made between 1996 and 2005 at 8,000 companies found that option backdating can be an indication of poor internal controls. The study found that option backdating was more likely to occur at companies without a majority independent board and with a long-serving CEO; both factors, the study concluded, were associated with greater CEO influence on the company’s compensation and governance practices.40
Where a company granted backdated options to an executive who is also a director, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against that executive/director, regardless of who decided to make the award. In addition, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against those directors who either approved or allowed the backdating. Glass Lewis feels that executives and directors who either benefited from backdated options or authorized the practice have breached their fiduciary responsibility to shareholders.
Given the severe tax and legal liabilities to the company from backdating, Glass Lewis will consider recommending voting against members of the audit committee who served when options were backdated, a restatement occurs, material weaknesses in internal controls exist and disclosures indicate there was a lack of documentation. These committee members failed in their responsibility to ensure the integrity of the company’s financial reports.
When a company has engaged in spring-loading or bullet-dodging, Glass Lewis will consider recommending voting against the compensation committee members where there has been a pattern of granting options at or near historic lows. Glass Lewis will also recommend voting against executives serving on the board who benefited from the spring-loading or bullet-dodging.
162(m) Plans
Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code allows companies to deduct compensation in excess of $1 million for the CEO and the next three most highly compensated executive officers, excluding the CFO,
 
40   Lucian Bebchuk, Yaniv Grinstein and Urs Peyer. “LUCKY CEOs.” November, 2006.

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upon shareholder approval of the excess compensation. Glass Lewis recognizes the value of executive incentive programs and the tax benefit of shareholder-approved incentive plans.
We believe the best practice for companies is to provide reasonable disclosure to shareholders so that they can make sound judgments about the reasonableness of the proposed compensation plan. To allow for meaningful shareholder review, we prefer that these proposals include: specific performance goals, a maximum award pool, and a maximum award amount per employee. We also believe it is important to analyze the estimated grants to see if they are reasonable and in line with the company’s peers.
We typically recommend against a 162(m) plan where: a company fails to provide at least a list of performance targets; a company fails to provide one of either a total pool or an individual maximum; or the proposed plan is excessive when compared with the plans of the company’s peers.
The company’s record of aligning pay with performance (as evaluated using our proprietary pay-for-performance model) also plays a role in our recommendation. Where a company has a record of reasonable pay relative to business performance, we are not typically inclined to recommend against a plan even if the plan caps seem large relative to peers because we recognize the value in special pay arrangements for continued exceptional performance.
As with all other issues we review, our goal is to provide consistent but contextual advice given the specifics of the company and ongoing performance. Overall, we recognize that it is generally not in shareholders’ best interests to vote against such a plan and forgo the potential tax benefit since shareholder rejection of such plans will not curtail the awards, it will only prevent the tax deduction associated with them.
Director Compensation Plans
Glass Lewis believes that non-employee directors should receive compensation for the time and effort they spend serving on the board and its committees. In particular, we support compensation plans that include option grants or other equity-based awards that help to align the interests of outside directors with those of shareholders. Director fees should be competitive in order to retain and attract qualified individuals. But excessive fees represent a financial cost to the company and threaten to compromise the objectivity and independence of non-employee directors. Therefore, a balance is required.
Glass Lewis uses a proprietary model and analyst review to evaluate the costs of those plans compared to the plans of peer companies with similar market capitalizations. We use the results of this model to assist in making our voting recommendations on director compensation plans.

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IV. Governance Structure
and the Shareholder Franchise
ANTI-TAKEOVER MEASURES
Poison Pills (Shareholder Rights Plans)
Glass Lewis believes that poison pill plans are not generally in shareholders’ best interests. They can reduce management accountability by substantially limiting opportunities for corporate takeovers. Rights plans can thus prevent shareholders from receiving a buy-out premium for their stock. Typically we recommend that shareholders vote against these plans to protect their financial interests and ensure that they have an opportunity to consider any offer for their shares, especially those at a premium.
We believe boards should be given wide latitude in directing company activities and in charting the company’s course. However, on an issue such as this, where the link between the shareholders’ financial interests and their right to consider and accept buyout offers is substantial, we believe that shareholders should be allowed to vote on whether they support such a plan’s implementation. This issue is different from other matters that are typically left to board discretion. Its potential impact on and relation to shareholders is direct and substantial. It is also an issue in which management interests may be different from those of shareholders; thus, ensuring that shareholders have a voice is the only way to safeguard their interests.
In certain circumstances, we will support a limited poison pill to accomplish a particular objective, such as the closing of an important merger, or a pill that contains what we believe to be a reasonable qualifying offer clause. We will consider supporting a poison pill plan if the qualifying offer clause includes the following attributes: (i) The form of offer is not required to be an all-cash transaction; (ii) the offer is not required to remain open for more than 90 business days; (iii) the offeror is permitted to amend the offer, reduce the offer, or otherwise change the terms; (iv) there is no fairness opinion requirement; and (v) there is a low to no premium requirement. Where these requirements are met, we typically feel comfortable that shareholders will have the opportunity to voice their opinion on any legitimate offer.
NOL Poison Pills
Similarly, Glass Lewis may consider supporting a limited poison pill in the unique event that a company seeks shareholder approval of a rights plan for the express purpose of preserving Net Operating Losses (NOLs). While companies with NOLs can generally carry these losses forward to offset future taxable income, Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limits companies’ ability to use NOLs in the event of a “change of ownership.”41 In this case, a company may adopt or amend a poison pill (“NOL pill”) in order to prevent an inadvertent change of ownership by multiple investors purchasing small chunks of stock at the same time, and thereby preserve the ability to carry the NOLs forward. Often such NOL pills have trigger thresholds much lower than the common 15% or 20% thresholds, with some NOL pill triggers as low as 5%.
Glass Lewis evaluates NOL pills on a strictly case-by-case basis taking into consideration, among other factors, the value of the NOLs to the company, the likelihood of a change of ownership based on the size of the holding and the nature of the larger shareholders, the trigger threshold and whether the term of
 
41   Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code reffers to a “change of ownership” of more than 50 percentage points by one or more 5% shareholders within a three-year period. The statute is intended to deter the “trafficking” of net operating losses.

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the plan is limited in duration (i.e., whether it contains a reasonable “sunset” provision) or is subject to periodic board review and/or shareholder ratification. However, we will recommend that shareholders vote against a proposal to adopt or amend a pill to include NOL protective provisions if the company has adopted a more narrowly tailored means of preventing a change in control to preserve its NOLs. For example, a company may limit share transfers in its charter to prevent a change of ownership from occurring.
Furthermore, we believe that shareholders should be offered the opportunity to vote on any adoption or renewal of a NOL pill regardless of any potential tax benefit that it offers a company. As such, we will consider recommending voting against those members of the board who served at the time when an NOL pill was adopted without shareholder approval within the prior twelve months and where the NOL pill is not subject to shareholder ratification.
Fair Price Provisions
Fair price provisions, which are rare, require that certain minimum price and procedural requirements be observed by any party that acquires more than a specified percentage of a corporation’s common stock. The provision is intended to protect minority shareholder value when an acquirer seeks to accomplish a merger or other transaction which would eliminate or change the interests of the minority stockholders. The provision is generally applied against the acquirer unless the takeover is approved by a majority of “continuing directors” and holders of a majority, in some cases a supermajority as high as 80%, of the combined voting power of all stock entitled to vote to alter, amend, or repeal the above provisions.
The effect of a fair price provision is to require approval of any merger or business combination with an “interested stockholder” by 51% of the voting stock of the company, excluding the shares held by the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is generally considered to be a holder of 10% or more of the company’s outstanding stock, but the trigger can vary.
Generally, provisions are put in place for the ostensible purpose of preventing a back-end merger where the interested stockholder would be able to pay a lower price for the remaining shares of the company than he or she paid to gain control. The effect of a fair price provision on shareholders, however, is to limit their ability to gain a premium for their shares through a partial tender offer or open market acquisition which typically raise the share price, often significantly. A fair price provision discourages such transactions because of the potential costs of seeking shareholder approval and because of the restrictions on purchase price for completing a merger or other transaction at a later time.
Glass Lewis believes that fair price provisions, while sometimes protecting shareholders from abuse in a takeover situation, more often act as an impediment to takeovers, potentially limiting gains to shareholders from a variety of transactions that could significantly increase share price. In some cases, even the independent directors of the board cannot make exceptions when such exceptions may be in the best interests of shareholders. Given the existence of state law protections for minority shareholders such as Section 203 of the Delaware Corporations Code, we believe it is in the best interests of shareholders to remove fair price provisions.
REINCORPORATION
In general, Glass Lewis believes that the board is in the best position to determine the appropriate jurisdiction of incorporation for the company. When examining a management proposal to reincorporate to a different state or country, we review the relevant financial benefits, generally related to improved corporate tax treatment, as well as changes in corporate governance provisions, especially those relating to shareholder rights, resulting from the change in domicile. Where the financial benefits are de minimis and there is a decrease in shareholder rights, we will recommend voting against the transaction.

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However, costly, shareholder-imitated reincorporations are typically not the best route to achieve the furtherance of shareholder rights. We believe shareholders are generally better served by proposing specific shareholder resolutions addressing pertinent issues which may be implemented at a lower cost, and perhaps even with board approval. However, when shareholders propose a shift into a jurisdiction with enhanced shareholder rights, Glass Lewis examines the significant ways would the Company benefit from shifting jurisdictions including the following:
1. Is the board sufficiently independent?
2. Does the Company have ant-takeover protections such as a poison pill or classified board in place?
3. Has the board been previously unresponsive to shareholders (such as failing to implement a shareholder proposal that received majority shareholder support)?
4. Do shareholders have the right to call special meetings of shareholders?
5. Are there other material governance issues at the Company?
6. Has the Company’s performance matched or exceeded its peers in the past one and three years?
7. How has the Company ranked in Glass Lewis’ pay-for-performance analysis during the last three years?
8. Does the company have an independent chairman?
We note, however, that we will only support shareholder proposals to change a company’s place of incorporation in exceptional circumstances.
AUTHORIZED SHARES
Glass Lewis believes that adequate capital stock is important to a company’s operation. When analyzing a request for additional shares, we typically review four common reasons why a company might need additional capital stock:
(i) Stock Split — We typically consider three metrics when evaluating whether we think a stock split is likely or necessary: The historical stock pre-split price, if any; the current price relative to the company’s most common trading price over the past 52 weeks; and some absolute limits on stock price that, in our view, either always make a stock split appropriate if desired by management or would almost never be a reasonable price at which to split a stock.
(ii) Shareholder Defenses — Additional authorized shares could be used to bolster takeover defenses such as a “poison pill.” Proxy flings often discuss the usefulness of additional shares in defending against or discouraging a hostile takeover as a reason for a requested increase. Glass Lewis is typically against such defenses and will oppose actions intended to bolster such defenses.
(iii) Financing for Acquisitions — We look at whether the company has a history of using stock for acquisitions and attempt to determine what levels of stock have typically been required to accomplish such transactions. Likewise, we look to see whether this is discussed as a reason for additional shares in the proxy.
(iv) Financing for Operations — We review the company’s cash position and its ability to secure financing through borrowing or other means. We look at the company’s history of capitalization and whether the company has had to use stock in the recent past as a means of raising capital.

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Issuing additional shares can dilute existing holders in limited circumstances. Further, the availability of additional shares, where the board has discretion to implement a poison pill, can often serve as a deterrent to interested suitors. Accordingly, where we find that the company has not detailed a plan for use of the proposed shares, or where the number of shares far exceeds those needed to accomplish a detailed plan, we typically recommend against the authorization of additional shares.
While we think that having adequate shares to allow management to make quick decisions and effectively operate the business is critical, we prefer that, for significant transactions, management come to shareholders to justify their use of additional shares rather than providing a blank check in the form of a large pool of unallocated shares available for any purpose.
ADVANCE NOTICE REQUIREMENTS
FOR SHAREHOLDER BALLOT PROPOSALS
We typically recommend that shareholders vote against proposals that would require advance notice of shareholder proposals or of director nominees.
These proposals typically attempt to require a certain amount of notice before shareholders are allowed to place proposals on the ballot. Notice requirements typically range between three to six months prior to the annual meeting. Advance notice requirements typically make it impossible for a shareholder who misses the deadline to present a shareholder proposal or a director nominee that might be in the best interests of the company and its shareholders.
We believe shareholders should be able to review and vote on all proposals and director nominees. Shareholders can always vote against proposals that appear with little prior notice. Shareholders, as owners of a business, are capable of identifying issues on which they have sufficient information and ignoring issues on which they have insufficient information. Setting arbitrary notice restrictions limits the opportunity for shareholders to raise issues that may come up after the window closes.
VOTING STRUCTURE
Cumulative Voting
We review cumulative voting proposals on a case-by-case basis, factoring in the independence of the board and the status of the company’s governance structure. But we typically find these proposals on ballots at companies where independence is lacking and where the appropriate checks and balances favoring shareholders are not in place. In those instances we typically recommend in favor of cumulative voting.
Cumulative voting is a process that maximizes minority shareholders’ ability to ensure representation of their views on the board. It can be important when a board is controlled by insiders or affiliates and where the company’s ownership structure includes one or more shareholders who control a majority-voting block of company stock.
Glass Lewis believes that cumulative voting generally acts as a safeguard for shareholders by ensuring that those who hold a significant minority of shares can elect a candidate of their choosing to the board. This allows the creation of boards that are responsive to the interests of all shareholders rather than just a small group of large holders.
Academic literature indicates that where a highly independent board is in place and the company has a shareholder-friendly governance structure, shareholders may be better of without cumulative voting. The analysis underlying this literature indicates that shareholder returns at firms with good governance

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structures are lower and that boards can become factionalized and prone to evaluating the needs of special interests over the general interests of shareholders collectively.
Where a company has adopted a true majority vote standard (i.e., where a director must receive a majority of votes cast to be elected, as opposed to a modified policy indicated by a resignation policy only), Glass Lewis will recommend voting against cumulative voting proposals due to the incompatibility of the two election methods. For companies that have not adopted a true majority voting standard but have adopted some form of majority voting, Glass Lewis will also generally recommend voting against cumulative voting proposals if the company has not adopted antitakeover protections and has been responsive to shareholders.
Where a company has not adopted a majority voting standard and is facing both a shareholder proposal to adopt majority voting and a shareholder proposal to adopt cumulative voting, Glass Lewis will support only the majority voting proposal. When a company has both majority voting and cumulative voting in place, there is a higher likelihood of one or more directors not being elected as a result of not receiving a majority vote. This is because shareholders exercising the right to cumulate their votes could unintentionally cause the failed election of one or more directors for whom shareholders do not cumulate votes.
Supermajority Vote Requirements
Glass Lewis believes that supermajority vote requirements impede shareholder action on ballot items critical to shareholder interests. An example is in the takeover context, where supermajority vote requirements can strongly limit the voice of shareholders in making decisions on such crucial matters as selling the business. This in turn degrades share value and can limit the possibility of buyout premiums to shareholders. Moreover, we believe that a supermajority vote requirement can enable a small group of shareholders to overrule the will of the majority shareholders. We believe that a simple majority is appropriate to approve all matters presented to shareholders.
TRANSACTION OF OTHER BUSINESS
AT AN ANNUAL OR SPECIAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
We typically recommend that shareholders not give their proxy to management to vote on any other business items that may properly come before the annual meeting. In our opinion, granting unfettered discretion is unwise.
ANTI-GREENMAIL PROPOSALS
Glass Lewis will support proposals to adopt a provision preventing the payment of greenmail, which would serve to prevent companies from buying back company stock at significant premiums from a certain shareholder. Since a large or majority shareholder could attempt to compel a board into purchasing its shares at a large premium, the ant-greenmail provision would generally require that a majority of shareholders other than the majority shareholder approve the buyback.
MUTUAL FUNDS: INVESTMENT POLICIES AND ADVISORY AGREEMENTS
Glass Lewis believes that decisions about a fund’s structure and/or a fund’s relationship with its investment advisor or sub-advisors are generally best left to management and the members of the board, absent a showing of egregious or illegal conduct that might threaten shareholder value. As such, we focus our analyses of such proposals on the following main areas:
The terms of any amended advisory or sub-advisory agreement;

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Any changes in the fee structure paid to the investment advisor; and
Any material changes to the fund’s investment objective or strategy.
We generally support amendments to a fund’s investment advisory agreement absent a material change that is not in the best interests of shareholders. A significant increase in the fees paid to an investment advisor would be reason for us to consider recommending voting against a proposed amendment to an investment advisory agreement. However, in certain cases, we are more inclined to support an increase in advisory fees if such increases result from being performance-based rather than asset-based. Furthermore, we generally support sub-advisory agreements between a fund’s advisor and sub-advisor, primarily because the fees received by the sub-advisor are paid by the advisor, and not by the fund.
In matters pertaining to a fund’s investment objective or strategy, we believe shareholders are best served when a fund’s objective or strategy closely resembles the investment discipline shareholders understood and selected when they initially bought into the fund. As such, we generally recommend voting against amendments to a fund’s investment objective or strategy when the proposed changes would leave shareholders with stakes in a fund that is noticeably different than when originally contemplated, and which could therefore potentially negatively impact some investors’ diversification strategies.

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V. Environmental, Social and
Governance Shareholder Initiatives
Glass Lewis evaluates shareholder proposals on a case-by-case basis. We generally recommend supporting shareholder proposals calling for the elimination or removal of, as well as to require shareholder approval of, antitakeover devices such as poison pills and classified boards, both discussed in detail above. We generally recommend supporting proposals likely to increase or protect shareholder value and/or promote the furtherance of shareholder rights. In addition, we also generally recommend supporting proposals seeking to promote director accountability and to improve compensation practices especially those promoting a closer link between compensation and performance.
However, we typically prefer to leave decisions regarding day-to-day management and policy decisions, including those related to social, environmental or political issues, to management and the board except when there is a clear link between the proposal and economic or financial value enhancement or risk mitigation for the firm. We feel strongly that shareholders should not attempt to micromanage the company, its businesses or its executives through the shareholder initiative process.
Rather, we believe shareholders should use their influence to push for governance structures that protect shareholders and promote director accountability, including majority voting for director elections, and then put in place a board they can trust to make informed and careful decisions that are in the best interests of the business and its owners. We believe shareholders should hold directors accountable for management and policy decisions through director elections. However, we recognize that support of appropriately crafted shareholder initiatives that provide shareholders with increased information, and that allow the board sufficient flexibility can, in some cases, serve to promote or protect shareholder value. The following is a discussion of Glass Lewis’ approach to certain common shareholder resolution proposals. We note that the following is not an exhaustive list of all shareholder proposals analyzed or expected.
GOVERNANCE
Right of Shareholders to Call a Special Meeting
Glass Lewis strongly supports the right of shareholders to call special meetings. Thus we believe in certain circumstances shareholders should have the ability to call meetings of shareholders between annual meetings to consider matters that require prompt attention. However, in order to prevent abuse and waste of corporate resources by a small minority of shareholders, we believe that shareholders representing at least a sizable minority of shares must support such a meeting prior to its calling. Should the threshold be set too low, companies might frequently be subjected to meetings whose effect could be the disruption of normal business operations in order to focus on the interests of only a small minority of owners. Typically we believe this threshold should not fall below 10-15% of shares, depending on company size.
In our evaluation whether to recommend supporting such proposals, we consider the following:
Company size
Shareholder base in both percentage of ownership and type of shareholder (e.g., hedge fund, activist investor, mutual fund, pension fund, etc.)

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Responsiveness of board and management to shareholders evidenced by progressive shareholder rights policies (e.g., majority voting, declassifying boards, etc.) and reaction to shareholder proposals
Company performance and steps taken to improve bad performance (e.g., new executives/ directors, spin offs, etc.)
Existence of ant-takeover protections or other entrenchment devices
Opportunities for shareholder action (e.g., ability to act by written consent)
Existing ability for shareholders to call a special meeting
Right of Shareholders to Act by Written Consent
Glass Lewis strongly supports shareholders’ right to act by written consent. As with the right to call special meetings, we believe such rights should be limited to, again depending on company size, a minimum of 10-15% of the shareholders requesting action by written consent, to prevent abuse and waste of corporate resources. Again, we believe a lower threshold may leave companies subject to meetings that may disrupt business operations to focus on the interests of a minority of owners. But we will support proposals to allow shareholders to act by written consent without a minimum threshold because shareholders are better off with this right than without it, and the benefit to shareholders outweighs the potential for abuse.
Board Composition
Glass Lewis believes the selection and screening process for identifying suitably qualified candidates for a company’s board of directors is one which requires the judgment of many factors, including the balance of skills and talents, as well as the breadth and diversity of experience of candidates and existing board members.
The diversity of skills, abilities and points of view can foster the development of a more creative and effective board. In general, however, we do not believe that it is in the best interests of shareholders for firms to be beholden to arbitrary rules regarding its board composition. We believe such matters should be left to a board’s nominating committee, which is generally responsible for establishing and implementing policies regarding the composition of the board, and which can be held accountable through their election.
Reimbursement of Solicitation Expenses
Glass Lewis feels that in some circumstances, replacing some or all directors on a company’s board is warranted where the incumbent director or directors have failed in their oversight of management by failing to address continuously poor performance. Where a dissident shareholder is seeking reimbursement for his or her expenses and has received the support of a majority of shareholders, Glass Lewis generally will recommend in favor of reimbursing the dissident for expenses incurred in waging the contest.
In those rare cases where a shareholder has put the shareholder’s own time and money into a successful campaign to unseat a poorly performing director, we feel that the dissident should be entitled to reimbursement of expenses by the company. In such a situation, other shareholders express their agreement by virtue of their majority vote for the dissident and will share in the improved company performance.

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Since contests are expensive and distracting to the management and the board, to avoid encouraging nuisance or agenda-driven contests, we only support the reimbursement of expenses where the dissident has convinced at least a majority of shareholders to support a certain candidate(s).
COMPENSATION
Severance Agreements
As a general rule, Glass Lewis believes that shareholders should not be involved in the approval of individual severance plans. Such matters should be left to the board’s compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through the election of its director members.
However, when proposals are crafted to only require approval if the benefit exceeds 2.99 times the amount of the executive’s base salary plus bonus, Glass Lewis typically supports such requests. Above this threshold, based on the executive’s average annual compensation for the most recent five years, the company can no longer deduct severance payments as an expense, and thus shareholders are deprived of a valuable benefit. We believe that shareholders should be consulted before relinquishing such a right, and that implementing such policies would still leave companies with sufficient freedom to enter into the vast majority of severance arrangements.
Additionally, investors should monitor severance agreements when they are initially put in place. If shareholders initially approved of a severance agreement, it is inappropriate to vote against the compensation committee later on when the severance agreement goes into effect. However, in the absence of a shareholder vote on severance agreements, Glass Lewis will evaluate the role of the compensation committee when the agreement was adopted.
Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (“Say-on-Pay”)
As noted above, Glass Lewis does not believe shareholders should be involved in the design, negotiation, management or approval of compensation packages. Such matters should be left to the compensation committee, which can be held accountable for its decisions through their election.
In the case of advisory votes on compensation, however, proposals are typically crafted to allow shareholders a non-binding vote on the company’s executive officers’ compensation and policies. Glass Lewis believes that the advisory vote therefore provides an effective mechanism for enhancing transparency in setting executive pay, improving accountability to shareholders, and providing for a more effective link between pay and performance. Where shareholders believe compensation packages are inappropriately structured, a high negative vote could compel the board to reexamine its compensation practices and act accordingly. While a vote to approve the report will not directly affect the board’s ability to set compensation policy, it will allow shareholders to register their opinions regarding the company’s compensation practices.
While still somewhat nascent, empirical research regarding the effects of advisory votes in certain non-US markets paints a broadly positive picture of the impact of such votes. In particular, a 2004 study for the British Department of Trade and Industry found that the advisory voting requirement has resulted in “a number of well publicized situations where [compensation] committees have changed their policy or practice as a result of direct shareholder voting.” (“Report on the Impact of the Directors’ Remuneration Report Regulations.” Deloitte & Touche. 2004). The study also found that the extent to which companies consulted shareholders about compensation practices has greatly increased over the past two years.
Further empirical evidence suggests that CEO compensation in the UK has been more sensitive to negative operating metrics following the introduction of the remuneration report vote than in prior

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periods, indicating a decrease in “rewards for failure”. (Fabrizio Ferri and David Maber. “Say on Pay Vote and CEO Compensation: Evidence from the UK.” SSRN: htp://ssrn.com/abstract=1169446. June 30, 2008.)
We recognize that criticism has been raised with respect to shareholder advisory votes, such as injecting shareholders too far into compensation decisions and limiting the flexibility of companies to uniquely tailor their compensation policies as they strive to conform to external guidelines. (Laraine S. Rothenberg and Todd S. McCafferty. “‘Say on Pay’: Linking Executive Pay to Performance”. New York Law Journal. September 24, 2008). However, we do not believe these arguments are persuasive since shareholders are already, and increasingly, reviewing all aspects of compensation irrespective of an opportunity to cast an advisory vote on compensation. Indeed, a growing number of institutional investors vote against compensation committee members as a means to express concern or dissatisfaction with companies’ compensation practices. As a result, some of these institutions do not feel the adoption of advisory votes is necessary since they will vote against compensation committee members directly.
Glass Lewis does, however, recognize that the use of advisory compensation votes does not necessarily reduce executive compensation. One recent study that found that executive remuneration in the UK has continued to rise at the same rate as prior to the adoption of say on pay, indicating a general failure to curb executive compensation. (Jeffrey Gordon. “‘Say on Pay’: Cautionary Notes on the UK Experience and the Case for Muddling Through.” Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper No. 336. SSRN: http:// ssrn.com/abstract=1262867. September 3, 2008). We, however, do not believe that the purpose of an advisory vote on compensation is to “rein in” executive pay. Rather it is to ensure that the remuneration paid to executives is firmly tied to the creation and advancement of long-term shareholder value.
Bonus Recoupments (“Clawbacks”)
Glass Lewis carefully reviews the compensation awarded to senior executives and we believe that senior executives of a company should never receive compensation for performance that was not achieved by the company.
We believe shareholders would be well-served by requiring the board to adopt a more detailed and stringent policy on recouping unearned bonuses, rather than relying on regulatory action such as requirements under Sarbanes Oxley. When examining proposals that require companies to recoup executives’ bonuses paid as a result of faulty accounting, Glass Lewis will first look to see if the company has already adopted a policy to recoup bonuses awarded to senior executives during a restatement, and whether that policy is included in the CEO’s contract. When the board has already committed to a proper course, in our opinion, and their current policy covers the major tenets of the proposal at hand while giving the board adequate flexibility to exercise discretion over these matters, we see no need for further action.
In some instances, shareholder proposals call for board action that may contravene the board’s legal obligations under existing employment agreements with executives. In addition, the board’s ability to exercise its judgment and reasonable discretion on this issue may be excessively limited under such proposals, which may not be warranted, depending on the specific situation of the company in question. We believe it is reasonable that a recoupment policy should only affect senior executives and those directly responsible for the company’s accounting errors.
Where a company is giving a new contract to an executive that does not include a clawback provision and the company has had a material restatement, especially if the restatement was due to fraud, Glass Lewis will recommend voting against the responsible members of the compensation committee. Compensation committee members have an obligation to build in reasonable controls to executive contracts to prevent payments in the case of inappropriate behavior.

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Linking Executive Pay to Social Criteria
We recognize that companies’ involvement in environmentally sensitive and labor-intensive industries influences the degree to which a firm’s overall strategy must weigh environmental and social concerns. However, we also understand that the value generated by incentivizing executives to prioritize environmental and social issues is difficult to quantify and therefore measure, and necessarily varies among industries and companies.
When reviewing such proposals seeking to te executive compensation to environmental or social practices, we will review the target firm’s compliance with (or violation of) applicable laws and regulations, and examine any history of environmental and social related concerns including those resulting in material investigations, lawsuits, fines and settlements. We will also review the firm’s current compensation policies and practice. However, with respect to executive compensation, Glass Lewis generally believes that such policies should be left to the compensation committee. We view the election of directors, specifically those who sit on the compensation committee, as the appropriate mechanism for shareholders to express their disapproval of board policy on this issue.
ENVIRONMENT
When management and the board have displayed disregard for environmental risks, have engaged in egregious or illegal conduct, or have failed to adequately respond to current or imminent environmental risks that threaten shareholder value, we believe shareholders should hold directors accountable when they face reelection. We believe it is prudent for management to assess its potential exposure to all risks, including environmental and regulations pertaining thereto and incorporate this information into its overall business risk profile.
Glass Lewis recognizes the significant financial, legal and reputational risks to companies resulting from poor environmental practices or negligent oversight thereof. We believe part of the board’s role is to ensure that management conducts a complete risk analysis of company operations, including those that have environmental implications. Further, directors should monitor management’s performance in mitigating the environmental risks attendant with relevant operations in order to eliminate or minimize the risks to the company and shareholders.
While Glass Lewis recognizes that most environmental concerns are best addressed via avenues other than proxy proposals, when a substantial environmental risk has been ignored or inadequately addressed, we may recommend voting against responsible members of the governance committee. In some cases, we may recommend voting against all directors who were on the board when the substantial risk arose, was ignored, or was not mitigated.
Climate Change and Green House Gas Emission Disclosure Proposals
Glass Lewis will consider recommending a vote in favor of a reasonable shareholder proposal to disclose a company’s climate change and/or green house gas emission approaches when (i) a company has encountered problems such as lawsuits and/or government investigations or investors have established a link to impact on shareholder value from climate change and/or green house gas emission regulations, and (ii) the company has failed to adequately disclose how it has addressed these problems. We will examine such proposals in light of requests made to the company for additional information, its response and whether there is a reasonable case as to the negative implications to shareholders and the company.

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With respect to climate risk, Glass Lewis believes companies should actively consider their exposure to:
Direct environmental risk: Companies should evaluate their financial exposure to a potential rise in sea levels, increased wildfires and extreme weather, reduced air quality, water availability and public health problems brought on by higher temperatures.
Risk due to legislation/regulation: We believe companies, and particularly those operating in carbon-intensive industries, should evaluate their exposure to a potential increase or shift in environmental regulation with respect to their operations.
Legal and reputational risk: As has been seen relating to other environmental, social and governance matters, failure to take action may carry the risk of damaging negative publicity and potentially costly litigation.
As such, Glass Lewis will consider recommending a vote in favor of a reasonable proposal to disclose a company’s climate change and/or greenhouse gas emission strategies when (i) a company has suffered financial impact from reputational damage, lawsuits and/or government investigations, (ii) there is a strong link between climate change and/or its resultant regulation and shareholder value at the firm, and (iii) the company has failed to adequately disclose how it has addressed these risks.
Sustainability
With respect to shareholder proposals requesting that a firm produce a sustainability report, when evaluating these requests we will consider, among other things:
The financial risk to the company from the firm’s environmental practices and/or regulation;
The relevant company’s current level of disclosure;
The level of sustainability information disclosed by the firm’s peers;
The industry in which the firm operates;
The level and type of sustainability concerns/controversies at the relevant firm, if any;
The time frame within which the relevant report is to be produced; and
The level of flexibility granted to the board in the implementation of the proposal.
Sustainable Forestry
Sustainable forestry provides for the long-term sustainable management and use of trees and other non-timber forest products. Retaining the economic viability of forests is one of the tenets of sustainable forestry, along with encouraging more responsible corporate use of forests. Sustainable land use and the effective management of land are viewed by some shareholders as important in light of the impact of climate change. Forestry certification has emerged as a way that corporations can address prudent forest management. There are currently several primary certification schemes such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (“SFI”) and the Forest Stewardship Council (“FSC”).
There are nine main principles that comprise the SFI: (i) sustainable forestry; (ii) responsible practices; (iii) reforestation and productive capacity; (iv) forest health and productivity; (v) long-term forest and soil productivity; (vi) protection of water resources; (vii) protection of special sites and biodiversity; (viii) legal compliance; and (ix) continual improvement.
The FSC adheres to ten basic principles: (i) compliance with laws and FSC principles; (ii) tenure and use rights and responsibilities; (iii) indigenous peoples’ rights; (iv) community relations and workers’ rights;

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(v) benefits from the forest; (vi) environmental impact; (vii) management plan; (viii) monitoring and assessment; (ix) maintenance of high conservation value forests; and (x) plantations.
Shareholder proposals regarding sustainable forestry have typically requested that the firm comply with the above SFI or FSC principles as well as to assess the feasibility of phasing out the use of uncertified fiber and increasing the use of certified fiber. We will evaluate target firms’ current mix of certified and uncertified paper and the firms’ general approach to sustainable forestry practices, both absolutely and relative to its peers but will only support proposals of this nature when we believe that the proponent has clearly demonstrated that the implementation of this proposal is clearly linked to an increase in shareholder value.
SOCIAL ISSUES
Non-Discrimination Policies
Where there is clear evidence of employment practices resulting in significant negative economic exposure to the company, Glass Lewis will support shareholder proposals that seek to address labor policies, such as shareholder proposals calling for increased disclosure of labor policies and of steps a company has taken to mitigate the risks associated with those policies.
Glass Lewis recognizes that companies with a record of poor labor relations or treatment of its workers can face risks, such as employee lawsuits, poor employee work performance and turnover, and regulatory investigations. Glass Lewis will hold directors accountable for company decisions related to labor and employment problems.
As risk associated with sensitive issues such as EEO policies and investigations of discrimination have the potential to directly affect shareholder value, we believe shareholders should closely monitor the company’s policies regarding these issues. As an increasing number of peer companies adopt inclusive EEO policies, companies without comprehensive policies may face damaging recruitment, reputational and, potentially, legal risks. We recognize that the theoretical increase in, or protection of, shareholder value resulting from inclusive employment policies may be difficult, if not impossible, to identify or measure.
However, we believe that a pattern of making financial settlements as a result of lawsuits based on discrimination could indicate exposure to findings of discriminatory employment practices. As such, shareholders could, in some instances, benefit from codifying nondiscriminatory policies.
MacBride Principles
To promote peace, justice and equality regarding employment in Northern Ireland, Dr. Sean MacBride, founder of Amnesty International and Nobel Peace laureate, proposed the following equal opportunity employment principles:
1. Increasing the representation of individuals from underrepresented religious groups in the workforce including managerial, supervisory, administrative, clerical and technical jobs;
2. Adequate security for the protection of minority employees both at the workplace and while traveling to and from work;
3. The banning of provocative religious or political emblems from the workplace;
4. All job openings should be publicly advertised and special recruitment efforts should be made to attract applicants from underrepresented religious groups;

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5. Layoff, recall, and termination procedures should not, in practice, favor particular religious groupings;
6. The abolition of job reservations, apprenticeship restrictions, and differential employment criteria, which discriminate on the basis of religion or ethnic origin;
7. The development of training programs that will prepare substantial numbers of current minority employees for skilled jobs, including the expansion of existing programs and the creation of new programs to train, upgrade, and improve the skills of minority employees;
8. The establishment of procedures to assess, identify and actively recruit minority employees with potential for further advancement; and
9. The appointment of senior management staff member to oversee the company’s affirmative action efforts and setting up of timetables to carry out affirmative action principles.
Proposals requesting the implementation of the above principles are typically proposed at firms that operate, or maintain subsidiaries that operate, in Northern Ireland. In each case, we will examine the company’s current equal employment opportunity policy and the extent to which the company has been subject to protests, fines, or litigation regarding discrimination in the workplace, if any. Further, we will examine any evidence of the firm’s specific record of labor concerns in Northern Ireland.
Human Rights
Glass Lewis believes explicit policies set out by companies’ boards of directors on human rights provides shareholders with the means to evaluate whether the company has taken steps to mitigate risks from its human rights practices. As such, we believe that it is prudent for firms to actively evaluate risks to shareholder value stemming from global activities and human rights practices along entire supply chains. Findings and investigations of human rights abuses can inflict, at a minimum, reputational damage on targeted companies and have the potential to dramatically reduce shareholder value. This is particularly true for companies operating in emerging market countries in extractive industries and in politically unstable regions.
As such, while we typically rely on the expertise of the board on these important policy issues, we recognize that, in some instances, shareholders could benefit from increased reporting or further codification of human rights policies.
Military and US Government Business Policies
Glass Lewis believes that disclosure to shareholders of information on key company endeavors is important. However, we generally do not support resolutions that call for shareholder approval of policy statements for or against government programs, most of which are subject to thorough review by the federal government and elected officials at the national level. We also do not support proposals favoring disclosure of information where such disclosure is already mandated by law, unless circumstances exist that warrant the extra disclosure.
Foreign Government Business Policies
Where a corporation operates in a foreign country, Glass Lewis believes that the company and board should maintain sufficient controls to prevent illegal or egregious conduct with the potential to decrease shareholder value, examples of which include bribery, money laundering, severe environmental violations or proven human rights violations. We believe that shareholders should hold board members, and in particular members of the audit committee and CEO, accountable for these issues when they face reelection, as these concerns may subject the company to financial risk such as fines for violating

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the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. In some instances, we will support appropriately crafted shareholder proposals specifically addressing concerns with the target firm’s actions outside its home jurisdiction.
Health Care Reform Principles
Health care reform in the United States has long been a contentious political issue and Glass Lewis therefore believes firms must evaluate and mitigate the level of risk to which they may be exposed regarding potential changes in health care legislation. In 2009, Glass Lewis reviewed multiple shareholder proposals requesting that boards adopt principles for comprehensive health reform, such as the following based upon principles reported by the Institute of Medicine:
Health care coverage should be universal;
Health care coverage should be continuous;
Health care coverage should be affordable to individuals and families;
The health insurance strategy should be affordable and sustainable for society; and
Health insurance should enhance health and well-being by promoting access to high-quality care that is effective, efficient, safe, timely, patient-centered and equitable.
Given the current national debate regarding health care, we typically believe that individual board rooms are not the appropriate forum in which to address evolving and contentious national policy issues. The adoption of a narrow set of principles could limit the board’s ability to comply with new regulation or to appropriately and flexibly respond to health care issues as they arise. As such, barring a compelling reason to the contrary, we typically do not support the implementation of national health care reform principles at the company level.
Tobacco
Glass Lewis recognizes the contentious nature of the production, procurement, marketing and selling of tobacco. However, we typically do not support proposals requesting that firms shift away from, or significantly alter, the legal production or marketing of core products. We also recognize that tobacco companies are particularly susceptible to reputational and regulatory risk due to the nature of its operations. As such, we will consider supporting uniquely tailored and appropriately crafted shareholder proposals requesting increased information or the implementation of suitably broad policies at target firms on a case-by-case basis.
Reporting Contributions and Political Spending
Glass Lewis believes that disclosure of how a company uses its funds is an important component of corporate accountability to shareholders. In our view, a rigorous oversight process can minimize a company’s exposure to legal, reputational and financial risk by ensuring that corporate assets are used to enhance shareholder value in accordance with federal and state law, consistent with a company’s stated values, and the long-term interests of the company.
While corporate contributions to national political parties and committees controlled by federal officeholders are prohibited under federal law, corporations can legally donate to state and local candidates, organizations registered under 26 USC Sec. 527 of the Internal Revenue Code and state-level political committees. There is, however, no standardized manner in which companies must disclose this information. As such, shareholders often must search through numerous campaign finance reports and detailed tax documents to ascertain even limited information. Corporations also frequently join trade associations, generally paying dues to do so, as a means for corporate political action. However,

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trade associations are neither required to report funds they receive for nor spend on political activity. Therefore, the tracking of corporate expenditures to political causes through trade associations can be impossible, often leaving corporations unable to determine for themselves which causes or campaigns their dues or donations have gone to support. Since not all donations to trade organizations are used strictly for political purposes, we question how corporations are able to assess the efficacy of such donations or determine the effect of such expenditure on long-term shareholder value.
Further, the empirical evidence regarding the benefit to shareholders of corporate political contributions remains unclear. In one study of firm-level contributions to U.S. political campaigns from 1979 to 2004, researchers found that measures of support to candidates were positively and significantly correlated with a cross-section of future returns. This was especially the case when those contributions went to a large number of candidates in the same state as the contributing firm (Michael J. Cooper, Huseyin Gulen and Alexei V. Ovtchinnikov. “Corporate Political Contributions and Stock Returns.” SSRN. September 26, 2008). However, in a separate study of political contributions from 1991 to 2004, researchers found donations to be negatively correlated with future excess returns with only limited support for the contention that political donations represent an investment in political capital (Rajash K. Aggarwal, Felix Meschke and Tracy Yue Wang. “Corporate Political Contributions: Investment or Agency?” SSRN. August 11, 2008).
Given that political donations are strategic decisions intended to increase shareholder value and have the potential to negatively affect the company, we believe the board should either implement processes and procedures to ensure the proper use of the funds or closely evaluate the process and procedures used by management. At least one study found that close board oversight of lobbying strategies may minimize instances of the company contributing to causes that are not in shareholders best interests (Robert Repetto. “Best Practice in Internal Oversight of Lobbying Practice”. Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy. September 1, 2006).
When evaluating whether the report requested would benefit shareholders, Glass Lewis seeks answers to the following three key questions:
Is the Company’s disclosure comprehensive and readily accessible?
How does the Company’s political expenditure policy and disclosure compare to its peers?
What is the Company’s current level of oversight?
Glass Lewis will consider supporting a proposal seeking increased disclosure of corporate political expenditure and contributions if the firm’s current disclosure is insufficient, is lacking compared to its peers, and where there is inadequate board oversight, evidenced by some evidence or credible allegation that the Company is mismanaging corporate funds through political donations or has a record of doing so. We will, in each case, consider the merits of the proposal in the context of relevant company. If Glass Lewis discovers particularly egregious actions by the company, we will consider recommending voting against the governance committee members or other responsible directors.
Animal Welfare
Glass Lewis believes that it is prudent for management to assess potential exposure to regulatory, legal and reputational risks associated with all business practices including those related to animal welfare; failure to take action on certain issues may carry the risk of fines and damaging negative publicity. A high profile campaign launched against a company could result in shareholder action, a reduced customer base, protests and potentially costly litigation.

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However, in general, we believe that the board and management are in the best position to determine policies relating to the care and use of animals. As such, we will typically vote against proposals seeking to eliminate or limit board discretion regarding animal welfare unless there is a clear and documented link between the board’s policies and the degradation of shareholder value.

For more information about
Glass Lewis’ policies
or approach to proxy analysis,
please visit
www.glasslewis.com
or contact
Chief Policy Officer
Robert McCormick at +1 415 678-4228

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(IMAGE)
San Francisco Headquarters Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC One Sansome Street Suite 3300 San Francisco, CA 94104 Tel: +1 415-678-4110 Tel: +1 888-800-7001 Fax: +1 415-357-0200 New York Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC 48 Wall Street 28th Floor New York, N.Y. 10005 Tel: +1 212-797-3777 Fax: +1 212-980-4716
Australia CGI Glass Lewis Suite 2, Level 5 80 Clarence Street Sydney NSW 2001 Australia Tel: +61 2 9299 9266 Fax: +61 2 9299 1866 France Glass Lewis International, Ltd. 27 rue Monge 75005 Paris France Tel: +33 9 54 88 99 10 Fax: +33 1 77 72 26 27 Japan Glass Lewis Japan K.K. Kabuto-cho No. 2 Bldg., 6F 9-2 Nihonbashi, Kabuto-cho Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0026 Japan Tel/Fax: +81 03-6273-8647 Please direct general inquiries to info@glasslewis.com

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ITEM 28. EXHIBITS.
(a)   Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant dated September 28, 2007 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(14) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 60 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on October 23, 2007 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 60”);
 
(b)   Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant dated September 28, 2007 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on December 17, 2007.
 
(c)   Reference is made to Article 5 of the Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Registrant;
(d)  (1)   Management Contract dated September 28, 2007 between the Registrant on behalf of its Laudus Mondrian Emerging Markets Fund and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(13) of PEA No. 60;
 
  (2)   Management Contract dated September 28, 2007 between the Registrant on behalf of its Laudus Mondrian International Fixed Income Fund and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(14) of PEA No. 60;
 
  (3)   Management Contract dated March 31, 2008 between the Registrant on behalf of its Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(12) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on July 30, 2008 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 65”);
 
  (4)   Management Contract dated March 31, 2008 between the Registrant on behalf of its Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(13) of PEA No. 65;
 
  (5)   Management Contract dated March 26, 2009 between the Registrant on behalf of its Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(13) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 69 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on October 26, 2009 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 69”);
 
  (6)   Subadviser Agreement dated September 28, 2007 between Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. and Mondrian Investment Partners Limited — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(27) of PEA No. 60;
 
  (7)   Amendment dated April 1, 2008 to Schedule A and Schedule B of the Subadviser Agreement dated September 28, 2007 between Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. and Mondrian Investment Partners Limited with regard to Laudus Mondrian International Equity Fund and Laudus Mondrian Global Equity Fund — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d)(22) of PEA No. 65;
 
  (8)   Subadviser Agreement dated March 29, 2009 between Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. and UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. with regard to Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund — incorporated by reference to Exhibit (d)(24) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 67 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on May 21, 2009 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 67);
(e)  (1)   Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005 between the Registrant, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. and ALPS Distributors, Inc., — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) of Post-

 


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      Effective Amendment No. 56 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on April 14, 2007 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 56”);
  (2)   Amendment dated March 21, 2008 to Schedule B of the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005— incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e)(2) of PEA No. 65;
 
  (3)   Amendment dated October 1, 2006 to the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005 — filed herein as Exhibit (e)(3);
 
  (4)   Amendment dated April 9, 2007 to the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005 — filed herein as Exhibit (e)(4);
 
  (5)   Amendment dated December 9, 2009 to Schedule A of the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005 — filed herein as Exhibit (e)(5);
(f)  (1)   Amended and Restated Laudus Funds Retirement Plan for Trustees — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (f)(1) of PEA No. 65;
 
(g)  (1)   Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement dated December 9, 2005 by and between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g) of PEA No. 56;
  (2)   Amendment dated April 2, 2008 to the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement dated December 9, 2005 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) of PEA No. 65;
(h)  (1)   Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated October 3, 2005 between the Registrant and Boston Financial Data Services, Inc. — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) of PEA No. 56;
  (2)   Amendment dated April 3, 2008 to the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) of PEA No. 65;
 
  (3)   Amended and Restated Expense Limitation Agreement dated August 12, 2009 between Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. and the Registrant — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) of PEA No. 69;
 
  (4)   Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2005 by and between State Street Bank and Trust Company and the Registrant — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(3) of PEA No. 56;
 
  (5)   Amendment dated April 16, 2008 to the Administration Agreement dated October 1, 2005 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(5) of PEA No. 65;
 
  (6)   Master Fund Accounting and Services Agreement dated October 1, 2005 between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(4) of PEA No. 56;
 
  (7)   Amendment dated April 2, 2008 to the Master Fund Accounting and Services Agreement dated October 1, 2005 — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(7) of PEA No. 65;
(i)   Opinion and Consent of Counsel — filed herein as Exhibit (i);
 
(j)  (1)   Consent of PricewaterhouseCooppers LLP —filed herein as Exhibit (j)(1);
  (2)   Trustee power of Attorney of Mariann Byerwalter — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(2) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 70 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on May 21, 2010 (referred to herein as “PEA No. 70”);

 


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  (3)   Trustee power of Attorney of John F. Cogan — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(4) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (4)   Trustee power of Attorney of William A. Hasler — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(3) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (5)   Trustee power of Attorney of Charles R. Schwab — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(9) of PEA No 70;
 
  (6)   Trustee power of Attorney of Gerald B. Smith — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(5) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (7)   Trustee power of Attorney of Donald R. Stephens — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(6) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (8)   Trustee power of Attorney of Joseph H. Wender — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(7) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (9)   Trustee power of Attorney of Michael W. Wilsey — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(8) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (10)   Trustee power of Attorney of Walter W. Bettinger, II — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(10) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (11)   Officer power of Attorney of George Pereira — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(11) of PEA No. 70;
 
  (12)   Officer power of Attorney of Randall W. Merk — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(12) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 71 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on July 19, 2010;
(k)   None;
 
(l)   Investment letter regarding initial capital — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (l) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 45 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on July 31, 2003;
 
(m)   Amended and Restated Distribution and Shareholder Service Plan for Investor Shares — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (m) of Post-Effective Amendment No. 24 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A electronically filed with the SEC on May 28, 1999;
 
(n)   Amended and Restated Rule 18f-3 Multi-Class Plan — incorporated herein by reference to PEA No. 67;
 
(o)   Reserved;
 
(p)  (1)   Code of Ethics of the Registrant and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. — filed herein as Exhibit (p)(1);
  (2)   Code of Ethics of ALPS Distributors, Inc., principal underwriter to the Registrant — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (n)(3) of PEA No. 56;
 
  (3)   Code of Ethics of Mondrian Investment Partners LLP, investment subadviser to certain of the Funds — incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p)(4) of PEA No. 67;

 


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  (4)   Code of Ethics of UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc., investment subadviser to the Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund —filed herein as Exhibit (p)(4);
ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT.
     The Board of Trustees of the Registrant is identical to that of the Laudus Institutional Trust and to the Board of Trustees of other Funds advised by Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc. except for Schwab Strategic Trust. The officers of the Registrant are identical with the exception of the Chief Legal Officer. That fact, together with the fact that the power residing in the respective boards and officers arises as the result of an official position with the Fund, leads the Registrant to take the position that it is not under common control with these other Funds.
ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION.
     (a) Indemnification
     Article VIII of the Registrant’s Third Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust reads as follows (referring to the Registrant as the “Trust”):
ARTICLE VIII
Indemnification
     SECTION 1. TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, ETC. The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers (including persons who serve at the Trust’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (hereinafter referred to as a “Covered Person”) against all liabilities and expenses, including but not limited to amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines and penalties, and counsel fees reasonably incurred by any Covered Person in connection with the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or administrative or legislative body, in which such Covered Person may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which such Covered Person may be or may have been threatened, while in office or thereafter, by reason of being or having been such a Covered Person except with respect to any matter as to which such Covered Person shall have been finally adjudicated in any such action, suit or other proceeding to be liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office. Expenses, including counsel fees so incurred by any such Covered Person (but excluding amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in compromise or as fines or penalties), shall be paid from time to time by the Trust in advance of the final disposition of any such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Covered Person to repay amounts so paid to the Trust if it is ultimately determined that indemnification of such expenses is not authorized under this Article, provided, however, that either (a) such Covered Person shall have provided appropriate security for such undertaking, (b) the Trust shall be insured against losses arising from any such advance payments or (c) either a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter), or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall have determined, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that there is reason to believe that such Covered Person will be found entitled to indemnification under this Article.
     SECTION 2. COMPROMISE PAYMENT. As to any matter disposed of (whether by a compromise payment, pursuant to a consent decree or otherwise) without an adjudication by a court, or by any other body before which the proceeding was brought, that such Covered Person is liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, indemnification shall be provided if (a) approved, after notice that it involves such indemnification, by at least a majority of the disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) upon a determination, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) that such Covered Person is not liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office, or (b) there has been obtained an opinion in writing of independent legal counsel, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial type inquiry) to the effect that such indemnification would not protect such Person against any liability to the Trust to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties

 


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involved in the conduct of his office. Any approval pursuant to this Section shall not prevent the recovery from any Covered Person of any amount paid to such Covered Person in accordance with this Section as indemnification if such Covered Person is subsequently adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been liable to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.
     SECTION 3. INDEMNIFICATION NOT EXCLUSIVE. The right of indemnification hereby provided shall not be exclusive of or affect any other rights to which such Covered Person may be entitled. As used in this Article VIII, the term “Covered Person” shall include such person’s heirs, executors and administrators and a “disinterested Trustee” is a Trustee who is not an “interested person” of the Trust as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (or who has been exempted from being an “interested person” by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission) and against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending. Nothing contained in this Article shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Trust, other than Trustees or officers, and other persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law, nor the power of the Trust to purchase and maintain liability insurance on behalf of any such person; provided, however, that the Trust shall not purchase or maintain any such liability insurance in contravention of applicable law, including without limitation the 1940 Act.
     SECTION 4. SHAREHOLDERS. In case any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be held to be personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a Shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability, but only out of the assets of the particular series of Shares of which he or she is or was a Shareholder.”
(b) Summary of Indemnification Provisions
     The Trust shall indemnify each of its Trustees and officers against all liabilities, expenses and counsel fees reasonably incurred in the defense or disposition of any action, suit or proceeding in which the Trustee or officer is involved because of his or her role as a Trustee or officer unless, in the final adjudication of that action, suit or proceeding, the Trustee or officer was found to have acted with willful malfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. This right of indemnification is not exclusive.
(c) Insurance
     The Registrant maintains comprehensive Errors and Omissions/Directors and Officers insurance policies for each of its trustees and officers. The policy provides coverage for the trustees and officers with respect to the Registrant, Laudus Institutional Trust, The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Capital Trust and Schwab Annuity Portfolios (“Schwab and Laudus Funds”). The Registrant’s policies insure each trustee and officer against professional liability for decisions made in connection with the Trust, to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. In addition, the Independent Trustees have additional coverage through independent directors’ liability policies with respect to the Schwab and Laudus Funds. The premiums for such policies are allocated among the insureds in accordance with Rule 17d-1 of the 1940 Act.
ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISER.
     The Registrant’s investment adviser, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation, organized in October 1989, also serves as the investment manager to the Laudus Institutional Trust, Schwab Capital Trust, The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Strategic Trust and Schwab Annuity Portfolios, each an open-end, management investment company. The principal place of business of the investment adviser is 211 Main Street, San Francisco, California 94105. The only business in which the investment adviser engages is that of investment adviser and administrator to the Schwab Capital Trust, The Charles Schwab Family of Funds, Schwab Investments, Schwab Annuity Portfolios, Schwab Strategic Trust and any other investment companies that Schwab may sponsor in the future, investment adviser to the Registrant and the Laudus Institutional Trust and an investment adviser to certain non-investment company clients.

 


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     The business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each director and/or senior or executive officer of the investment adviser (CSIM) is or has been engaged during the past two fiscal years is listed below. The name of any company for which any director and/or senior or executive officer of the investment adviser serves as director, officer, employee, partner or trustee is also listed below.
         
        Connection with
Name and Position with Adviser   Name of Company   Other Company
Charles R. Schwab, Chairman
  Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.   Chairman
 
  The Charles Schwab Bank, N.A.   Chairman, Director
 
  The Charles Schwab Corporation   Chairman
 
  Schwab Holdings, Inc.   Chief Executive Officer
 
  Schwab International Holdings, Inc.   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
 
  Schwab (SIS) Holdings, Inc.   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
 
  Charles Schwab Holdings (UK)   Chairman
 
  Schwab Funds   Trustee and Chairman
 
  All Kinds of Minds   Director
 
  Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation   Director
 
  Stanford University   Trustee
 
  President’s Advisory Council on Financial Literacy   Chairman
 
  San Francisco Museum of Modern Art   Chairman
 
       
Randall W. Merk
President and Chief Executive Officer, Director
  Charles Schwab & Co., Inc.   Executive Vice President and President, Investment Management Services
 
       
 
  Schwab Funds   President and Chief Executive Officer
 
       
 
  Laudus Funds   President and Chief Executive Officer
 
       
 
  Schwab ETFs   President and Chief Executive Officer
 
       
 
  Charles Schwab Worldwide Funds, PLC   Director
 
       
 
  Charles Schwab Asset Management
(Ireland) Limited
  Director
 
       
Koji Felton
Senior Vice President, Chief Counsel and Corporate Secretary
  Schwab Funds   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
 
       
 
  Laudus Funds   Vice President and Assistant Clerk
 
       
 
  Schwab ETFs   Secretary and Chief Legal Officer
 
       
 
  Charles Schwab & Co. Inc.   Senior Vice President, Deputy
General Counsel

 


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        Connection with
Name and Position with Adviser   Name of Company   Other Company
George Pereira
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  Schwab Funds   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
 
       
 
  Laudus Funds   Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
 
       
 
  Schwab ETFs   Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
 
       
 
  Charles Schwab Worldwide Funds, PLC   Director
 
       
 
  Charles Schwab Asset Management
(Ireland) Limited
  Director
     Mondrian Investment Partners Limited (“Mondrian”) was established as a limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales in 1990 under the name Delaware International Advisers Limited, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Delaware Holdings, Inc. In 2004, a senior management team, together with private equity funds sponsored by Hellman & Friedman LLC, acquired Delaware International Advisers Limited and changed its name to Mondrian Investment Partners Limited. Mondrian is currently 61% owned by its senior employees, including the majority of investment professionals, senior client service officers, and senior operations personnel, and 39% owned by private equity funds affiliated with Hellman & Friedman, LLC. Mondrian’s principal office is located at Fifth Floor 10 Gresham Street London EC2V 7JD. Hellman & Friedman’s principal office is located at One Maritime Plaza, 12th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94111. Mondrian is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Mondrian provides investment advisory services to a substantial number of institutional and high net worth investors, as well as to several funds in the Laudus Trust and this Trust. With respect to Mondrian, the response to this Item will be incorporated by reference to the Subadviser’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the SEC. Mondrian’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
     UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (“UBS Global AM”) provides investment advisory services consisting of portfolio management for a variety of individuals and institutions, as well as to Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund. With respect to UBS Global AM, the response to this Item will be incorporated by reference to the UBS Global AM’s Uniform Application for Investment Adviser Registration (“Form ADV”) on file with the SEC. UBS Global AM’s Form ADV may be obtained, free of charge, at the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec.gov.
ITEM 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS.
     (a) ALPS Distributors, Inc. acts as the distributor for the Registrant and the following investment companies: AARP Funds, ALPS ETF Trust, ALPS Variable Insurance Trust, Ameristock Mutual Fund, Inc., AQR Funds, BBH Trust, BLDRS Index Fund Trust, Caldwell & Orkin Funds, Inc., Campbell Multi-Strategy Trust, Cook & Bynum Funds Trust, CornerCap Group of Funds, CRM Mutual Fund Trust, Cullen Funds, DIAMONDS Trust, EGA Global Shares Trust , Financial Investors Trust, Financial Investors Variable Insurance Trust, Firsthand Funds, Forward Funds, Grail Advisors ETF Trust, Heartland Group, Inc., Henssler Funds, Inc., Holland Balanced Fund, Index IQ Trust, Index IQ ETF Trust, Laudus Institutional Trust, Milestone Funds, MTB Group of Funds, Oak Associates Funds, OOK, Inc., Pax World Funds Series Trust I, PowerShares QQQ 100 Trust Series 1, SPDR Trust, MidCap SPDR Trust, Select Sector SPDR Trust, Stonebridge Funds, Inc., Stone Harbor Investment Funds, TDX Independence Funds, Inc., Transparent Value Trust, TXF Funds, Inc., Wasatch Funds, WesMark Funds, Westcore Trust, Williams Capital Liquid Assets Fund, and WisdomTree Trust.
     (b) To the best of Registrant’s knowledge, the directors and executive officers of ALPS Distributors, Inc., are as follows:

 


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Name*   Position with Underwriter   Positions with Fund
Edmund J. Burke
  Director   None
Spencer Hoffman
  Director   None
Thomas A. Carter
  President, Director   None
Jeremy O. May
  Executive Vice President, Director   None
John C. Donaldson
  Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer   None
Richard Hetzer
  Executive Vice President   None
Diana M. Adams
  Senior Vice President, Controller, Treasurer   None
Kevin J. Ireland
  Senior Vice President, Director of Institutional Sales   None
Mark R. Kiniry
  Senior Vice President, National Sales Director-Investments   None
Bradley J. Swenson
  Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer   None
Robert J. Szydlowski
  Senior Vice President, Chief Technology Officer   None
Tané T. Tyler
  Senior Vice President, Secretary, General Counsel   None
Erin Douglas
  Vice President, Senior Associate Counsel   None
JoEllen Legg
  Vice President, Associate Counsel   None
Paul F. Leone
  Vice President, Assistant General Counsel   None
Steven Price
  Vice President, Deputy Chief Compliance Officer   None
James Stegall
  Vice President, Institutional Sales Manager   None
 
*   The principal business address for each of the above directors and executive officers is 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, Colorado 80203.
ITEM 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS.
     All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, as amended, and the Rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of:
1) Laudus Trust, 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105
2) Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc., 211 Main Street, San Francisco, CA 94105
3) Mondrian Investment Partners Limited, 10 Gresham Street, London EC2V 7JD
4) State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street Boston, MA 02111
5) Boston Financial Data Services, P.O. Box 8032, Boston, Massachusetts 02266
6) ALPS Distributors, Inc., 1290 Broadway, Suite 1100, Denver, CO 80203
7) UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc., One North Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606
ITEM 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES.
     None.
ITEM 35. UNDERTAKINGS.
     Not applicable.

 


SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for the effectiveness of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the 1933 Act and has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of Philadelphia, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, on the 29th day of July, 2010.
         
  LAUDUS TRUST
 
 
  By:   Randall W. Merk*    
    Randall W. Merk   
    Chief Executive Officer and President   
 
     Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 72 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated this 29th day of July, 2010.
     
Signature   Title
 
   
Randall W. Merk*
 
Randall W. Merk
  Chief Executive Officer and President 
 
   
George Pereira*
 
George Pereira
  Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
   
Charles R. Schwab*
 
Charles R. Schwab
  Chairman and Trustee 
 
   
Walter W. Bettinger, II*
 
Walter W. Bettinger, II
  Trustee 
 
   
Mariann Byerwalter*
 
Mariann Byerwalter
  Trustee 
 
   
John F. Cogan*
 
John F. Cogan
  Trustee 
 
   
William A. Hasler*
 
William A. Hasler
  Trustee 
 
   
Gerald B. Smith*
 
Gerald B. Smith
  Trustee 
 
   
Donald R. Stephens*
 
Donald R. Stephens
  Trustee 
 
   
Joseph H. Wender*
 
Joseph H. Wender
  Trustee 
 
   
Michael W. Wilsey*
 
Michael W. Wilsey
  Trustee 
         
*By:
  /s/ Timothy W. Levin
 
Timothy W. Levin, Attorney-in-Fact
   
 
  Pursuant to Power of Attorney    


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EXHIBIT INDEX
(e)(3)   Amendment dated October 1, 2006 to the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005
 
(e)(4)   Amendment dated April 9, 2007 to the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005
 
(e)(5)   Amendment dated December 9, 2009 to Schedule A of the Distribution Agreement dated October 1, 2005
 
(i)   Opinion and Consent of Counsel
 
(j)(1)   Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
 
(p)(1)   Code of Ethics of the Registrant and Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.
 
(p)(4)   Code of Ethics of UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc., investment subadviser to the Laudus Growth Investors U.S. Large Cap Growth Fund