Litigation and Regulatory Matters

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

Litigation and Regulatory Matters

The following supplements, and should be read together with, the disclosure in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2021 Form 10-K and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our Form 10-Q for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 (the "2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q"). Only those matters with significant updates and new matters since our disclosure in our 2021 Form 10-K and our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q are reported herein.

In addition to the matters described below and in our 2021 Form 10-K and our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q, in the ordinary course of business, we are routinely named as defendants in, or as parties to, various legal actions and proceedings relating to activities of our current and/or former operations. These legal actions and proceedings may include claims for substantial or indeterminate compensatory or punitive damages, or for injunctive relief. In the ordinary course of business, we also are subject to governmental and regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal), certain of which may result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, injunctions or other relief. In connection with formal and informal inquiries by these regulators, we receive numerous requests, subpoenas and orders seeking documents, testimony and other information in connection with various aspects of our regulated activities.

Due to the inherent unpredictability of legal matters, including litigation, governmental and regulatory matters, particularly where the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate or when the proceedings or investigations are in the early stages, we cannot determine with any degree of certainty the timing or ultimate resolution of such matters or the eventual loss, fines, penalties or business impact, if any, that may result. We establish reserves for litigation, governmental and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and can be reasonably estimated. Once established, reserves are adjusted from time to time, as appropriate, in light of additional information. The actual costs of resolving litigation and regulatory matters, however, may be substantially higher than the amounts reserved for those matters. Some of our exposure may be offset by applicable insurance coverage. We do not consider the possible availability of insurance coverage in determining the amounts of any accruals (although we record the amount of related insurance recoveries that are deemed probable up to the amount of the accrual).

For the legal matters disclosed below, including litigation and governmental and regulatory matters, as well as for the legal matters disclosed in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2021 Form 10-K and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q, as to which a loss in excess of accrued liability is reasonably possible in future periods and for which there is sufficient currently available information on the basis of which management believes it can make a reliable estimate, we believe a reasonable estimate could be as much as $150 million for HUSI. The legal matters underlying this estimate of possible loss will change from time to time and actual results may differ significantly from this current estimate.

In addition, based on the facts currently known for each of the ongoing investigations disclosed in Note 30, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2021 Form 10-K and in Note 20, "Litigation and Regulatory Matters," in our 2022 First Quarter Form 10-Q, it is not practicable at this time for us to determine the terms on which these ongoing investigations will be resolved or the timing of such resolution. As matters progress, it is possible that any fines and/or penalties could be significant.

Given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements in any particular quarterly or annual period.

Foreign Exchange Matters

Nypl v. JPMorgan Chase, et al. The Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal of the court's decision denying their motion for class certification.

Precious Metals Fix Matters

In re Commodity Exchange Inc., Gold Futures and Options Trading Litigation (Gold Fix Litigation) In May 2022, the court granted final approval of the settlement.

Madoff Litigation Fairfield Sentry Limited, Fairfield Sigma Limited and Fairfield Lambda Limited (together "Fairfield"), funds whose assets were directly or indirectly invested with Madoff Securities, commenced multiple suits in the United States against numerous fund shareholders, including various HSBC companies that acted as nominees for clients of HSBC's private banking business and other clients who invested in the Fairfield funds, seeking restitution of payments made in connection with share redemptions. Fairfield voluntarily discontinued the claims against HSBC Bank USA in May 2022 in the remaining case in which it was named (In re Fairfield Sentry Limited, et al).

Benchmark Rate Litigation

Intercontinental Exchange ("ICE") LIBOR Plaintiffs did not seek further review of the appellate court's dismissal of plaintiffs' appeal, so the matter is now concluded.

Mortgage Securitization Trust Litigation HSBC Bank USA reached agreements in principle to settle actions brought by RMBS Recovery Holdings I, LLC and IKB Bank AG. The net impact of the settlements will not be material to our results of operations