The following table summarizes the changes in the allowance for credit losses by product and the related loan balance by product during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:



	Commercial												Consumer
	Construction and Other Real Estate			Business and Corporate Banking			Global Banking			Other Comm’l			Residential Mortgages			Home Equity Mortgages			Credit Card			Other Consumer			Total
	(in millions)

Year Ended December 31, 2015
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period	$	89		$	275		$	107		$	21		$	107		$	32		$	39		$	10		$	680
Provision charged (credited) to income	2			218			133			(2		)	(15		)	(4		)	20			9			$	361
Charge-offs	(10		)	(69		)	—			(1		)	(35		)	(8		)	(32		)	(12		)	(167		)
Recoveries	5			10			—			1			11			4			5			2			38
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(5		)	(59		)	—			—			(24		)	(4		)	(27		)	(10		)	(129		)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period	$	86		$	434		$	240		$	19		$	68		$	24		$	32		$	9		$	912
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	85		$	382		$	240		$	18		$	35		$	23		$	31		$	9		$	823
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	1			52			—			1			33			1			1			—			89
Total allowance for credit losses	$	86		$	434		$	240		$	19		$	68		$	24		$	32		$	9		$	912

Loans:
Collectively evaluated for impairment⁽¹⁾	$	9,890		$	18,824		$	29,925		$	3,361		$	16,112		$	1,523		$	694		$	407		$	80,736
Individually evaluated for impairment⁽²⁾	110			292			44			7			197			5			5			—			660
Loans carried at lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell	—			—			—			—			1,449			72			—			—			1,521
Total loans	$	10,000		$	19,116		$	29,969		$	3,368		$	17,758		$	1,600		$	699		$	407		$	82,917

Year Ended December 31, 2014
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period	$	108		$	112		$	68		$	20		$	186		$	49		$	50		$	13		$	606
Provision charged (credited) to income	2			174			47			(7		)	(40		)	(14		)	23			3			188
Charge-offs	(24		)	(19		)	(8		)	(1		)	(55		)	(13		)	(41		)	(8		)	(169		)
Recoveries	3			8			—			9			16			10			7			2			55
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(21		)	(11		)	(8		)	8			(39		)	(3		)	(34		)	(6		)	(114		)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period	$	89		$	275		$	107		$	21		$	107		$	32		$	39		$	10		$	680
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	84		$	251		$	107		$	20		$	64		$	30		$	37		$	10		$	603
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	5			24			—			1			43			2			2			—			77
Total allowance for credit losses	$	89		$	275		$	107		$	21		$	107		$	32		$	39		$	10		$	680

Loans:
Collectively evaluated for impairment⁽¹⁾	$	10,103		$	17,729		$	26,387		$	3,573		$	14,926		$	1,709		$	714		$	489		$	75,630
Individually evaluated for impairment⁽²⁾	197			90			—			8			224			5			6			—			530
Loans carried at lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell	—			—			—			—			1,511			70			—			—			1,581
Total loans	$	10,300		$	17,819		$	26,387		$	3,581		$	16,661		$	1,784		$	720		$	489		$	77,741



	Commercial											Consumer
	Construction and Other Real Estate			Business and Corporate Banking			Global Banking		Other Comm’l			Residential Mortgages			Home Equity Mortgages			Credit Card			Other Consumer			Total
	(in millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2013
Allowance for credit losses – beginning of period	$	162		$	97		$	41	$	17		$	210		$	45		$	55		$	20		$	647
Provision charged (credited) to income	(7		)	48			26		(5		)	42			54			32			3			193
Charge-offs	(62		)	(42		)	—		—			(78		)	(52		)	(41		)	(13		)	(288		)
Recoveries	15			9			1		8			12			2			4			3			54
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(47		)	(33		)	1		8			(66		)	(50		)	(37		)	(10		)	$	(234	)
Allowance for credit losses – end of period	$	108		$	112		$	68	$	20		$	186		$	49		$	50		$	13		$	606
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	76		$	109		$	63	$	20		$	120		$	47		$	48		$	13		$	496
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	32			3			5		—			66			2			2			—			110
Total allowance for credit losses	$	108		$	112		$	68	$	20		$	186		$	49		$	50		$	13		$	606
Loans:
Collectively evaluated for impairment⁽¹⁾	$	8,701		$	14,420		$	21,560	$	3,346		$	14,034		$	1,924		$	846		$	510		$	65,341
Individually evaluated for impairment⁽²⁾	333			26			65		43			247			20			8			—			742
Loans carried at lower of amortized cost or fair value less cost to sell	—			—			—		—			1,545			67			—			—			1,612
Total loans	$	9,034		$	14,446		$	21,625	$	3,389		$	15,826		$	2,011		$	854		$	510		$	67,695


⁽¹⁾	Global Banking includes loans to HSBC affiliates totaling $4,815 million, $4,821 million and $5,328 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, for which we do not carry an associated allowance for credit losses.

⁽²⁾

For consumer loans and certain small business loans, these amounts represent TDR Loans for which we evaluate reserves using a discounted cash flow methodology. Each loan is individually identified as a TDR Loan and then grouped together with other TDR Loans with similar characteristics. The discounted cash flow analysis is then applied to these groups of TDR Loans. Loans individually evaluated for impairment exclude TDR loans that are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value of the collateral less cost to sell which totaled $881 million, $763 million and 706 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.