Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Provision for income taxes

The provision for income taxes from continuing operations consisted of the following:

	For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	1,412		$	(719	)	$	215
State and local	946			1,119			(963		)
Foreign	(6		)	1			—
Total current income tax provision (benefit)	2,352			401			(748		)
Deferred:
Federal	(5,402		)	16,513			(16,602		)
State and local	378			1,188			(2,704		)
Foreign	175			(4		)	—
Total deferred income tax provision (benefit)	(4,849		)	17,697			(19,306		)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	(2,497	)	$	18,098		$	(20,054	)

Effective income tax rate reconciliation

The difference between the statutory rate for federal income tax and the effective income tax rate was as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	35.0	%
Effect of:
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax benefit	(6.2	)	3.0		2.2
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation	2.9		0.9		7.1
Nondeductible expenses	(5.7	)	1.5		(4.6	)
Reserve for uncertain tax positions	0.7		(0.2	)	3.6
U.S. federal statutory rate change	—		—		13.2
Other	(0.7	)	(1.8	)	6.0
Effective income tax rate	12.0	%	24.4	%	62.5	%

Schedule of deferred income tax (liabilities) assets

The approximate effect of the temporary differences giving rise to deferred income tax assets (liabilities) were as follows:

	As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018
Temporary differences:
Property and equipment	$	(33,669	)	$	(14,545	)
Goodwill and other intangible assets	(102,485		)	(81,721		)
Investments, primarily gains and losses not yet recognized for tax purposes	3,176			3,067
Accrued expenses not deductible until paid	6,781			8,792
Deferred compensation and retiree benefits not deductible until paid	54,258			56,902
Operating lease right-of-use assets	(33,232		)	—
Operating lease liabilities	35,029			—
Interest limitation carryforward	12,527			—
Other temporary differences, net	3,181			3,416
Total temporary differences	(54,434		)	(24,089		)
Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards	51,308			12,800
Valuation allowance for state deferred tax assets	(4,905		)	(5,101		)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	(8,031	)	$	(16,390	)

Gross unrecognized tax benefit reconciliation

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year	$	1,112		$	1,088		$	2,665
Increases in tax positions for prior years	87			130			16
Decreases in tax positions for prior years	(387		)	(33		)	(390		)
Increases in tax positions for current years	—			182			—
Decreases in tax positions for current years	(167		)	—			(54		)
Decreases from lapse in statute of limitations	(69		)	(255		)	(1,149		)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits at end of year	$	576		$	1,112		$	1,088