Nature of Business and Its Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2020

Nature of Business and Its Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company; the Subsidiaries, along with their consolidated subsidiaries: Delmarva Real Estate Holdings, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Delmarva, which is a real estate holding company; Davie Circle, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Delmarva, which is a real estate holding company; Delmarva BK Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Delmarva, which is a real estate holding company; DHB Development, LLC, of which Delmarva holds a 40.55% interest, and is a real estate holding company; West Nithsdale Enterprises, LLC, of which Delmarva holds a 10% interest, and is a real estate holding company; and FBW, LLC, of which Delmarva holds 50% interest, and is a real estate holding company; Bear Holdings, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Partners, and is a real estate holding company; Johnson Mortgage Company, LLC, of which Partners owns 51% interest, and is a residential mortgage company; and 410 William Street, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Partners, and which holds investment property. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Financial Statement Presentation

Financial Statement Presentation:

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements do not include all information and notes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, changes in stockholder's equity, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP. In the opinion of management, the unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, or for any other period.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Securities Available for Sale

Securities Available for Sale:

Marketable debt and equity securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as available for sale. Securities available for sale are acquired as part of the Subsidiaries' asset/liability management strategy and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, loan demand, changes in prepayment risk, and other factors. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value as determined by quoted market prices. Unrealized gains or losses based on the difference between amortized cost and fair value are reported in other comprehensive income, net of deferred tax. Realized gains and losses, using the specific identification method, are included as a separate component of other income (expense) and, when applicable, are reported as a reclassification adjustment, net of tax, in other comprehensive income. Premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the period to maturity. Additionally, declines in the fair value of individual investment securities below their cost that are other than temporary are reflected as realized losses in the consolidated statements of income.

Impairment may result from credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. In performing an assessment of recoverability, all relevant information is considered, including the length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, the cause of the price decline, credit performance of the issuer and underlying collateral, and recoveries or further declines in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date.

For debt securities, the Company measures and recognizes other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses through earnings if (1) the Company has the intent to sell the security or (2) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. In these circumstances, the impairment loss is equal to the full difference between the amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security. For securities that are considered OTTI that the Company has the intent and ability to hold in an unrealized loss position, the OTTI write-down is separated into an amount representing the credit loss, which is recognized in earnings, and the amount related to other factors, which is recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”).

For equity securities, the Company recognizes OTTI losses through earnings if the Company intends to sell the security. The Company also considers other relevant factors, including its intent and ability to retain the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value, and whether evidence exists to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value. Any OTTI loss on an equity security is equal to the full difference between the amortized cost basis and the fair value of the security.

Equity Securities

Equity Securities:

Equity securities with readily determinable fair values are carried at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in net income. Any equity securities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost, minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments. The entirety of any impairment on equity securities is recognized in earnings.

Other Securities

Other Securities:

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, at cost, and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank (“ACBB”), at cost, Community Bankers Bank (“CBB”) and Maryland Financial Bank (“MFB”) are equity interests in the FHLB, ACBB, CBB and MFB, respectively. These securities do not have a readily determinable fair value for purposes of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320‑10 Investments‑Debts and Equity Securities because their ownership is restricted and they lack an active market. As there is no readily determinable fair value for these securities, they are carried at cost less any OTTI. Other investments consists of an equity ownership of Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund LLC which the value is adjusted for its prorata share of assets in the fund and investment in the stock of the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”).

Bank Owned Life Insurance

Bank Owned Life Insurance:

The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other changes or amounts due that are probable at settlement.

Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and the Allowance for Credit Losses:

Loans are generally carried at the amount of unpaid principal, adjusted for unearned loan fees, which are amortized over the term of the loan using the effective interest rate method. Interest on loans is accrued based on the principal amounts outstanding. It is the Subsidiaries' policy to discontinue the accrual of interest when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when principal or interest is delinquent for ninety days or more. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Interest income generally is not recognized on specific impaired loans unless the likelihood of further loss is remote. Cash collections on such loans are applied as reductions of the loan principal balance and no interest income is recognized on those loans until the principal balance has been collected. Interest income on other nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent of interest payments received. The carrying value of impaired loans is based on the present value of the loan's expected future cash flows or, alternatively, the observable market price of the loan or the fair value of the collateral.

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is based on the size and current risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, an assessment of individual problem loans and actual loss experience, the value of the underlying collateral, and current economic events in specific industries and geographical areas, including unemployment levels, and other pertinent factors, including regulatory guidance and general economic conditions. Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective, as it requires significant estimates, including the amounts and timing on historical loss experience, and consideration of current economic trends, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. Loan losses are charged off against the allowance, while recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the allowance. A provision for credit losses is charged to operations based on management's periodic evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, as well as other pertinent factors. Evaluations are conducted at least monthly and more often if deemed necessary.

The allowance for credit losses typically consists of an allocated component and an unallocated component. The allocated component of the allowance for credit losses reflects expected losses resulting from analyses developed through specific credit allocations for individual loans and historical loss experience for each loan category.

The specific credit allocations are based on regular analyses of all loans over a fixed‑dollar amount where the internal credit rating is at or below a predetermined classification. The historical loan loss element is determined statistically using an informal loss migration analysis that examines loss experience and the related internal gradings of loans charged off over a current three (3) year period. The loss migration analysis is performed quarterly and loss factors are updated regularly based on actual experience. The allocated component of the allowance for credit losses also includes consideration of concentrations and changes in portfolio mix and volume.

Any unallocated portion of the allowance reflects management's estimate of probable inherent but undetected losses within the portfolio due to uncertainties in economic conditions, delays in obtaining information, including unfavorable information about a borrower's financial condition, the difficulty in identifying triggering events that correlate perfectly to subsequent loss rates, and risk factors that have not yet manifested themselves in loss allocation factors. In addition, the unallocated allowance includes a component that explicitly accounts for the inherent imprecision in loan loss migration models. The historical losses used in the migration analysis may not be representative of actual unrealized losses inherent in the portfolio. It is management's intent to continually refine the methodology for the allowance for credit losses in an attempt to directly allocate potential losses in the loan portfolio under ASC Topic 310 and minimize the unallocated portion of the allowance for credit losses.

Loan Charge‑off Policies

Loans are generally fully or partially charged down to the fair value of securing collateral when:

management deems the asset to be uncollectible;

repayment is deemed to be made beyond the reasonable time frames;

the asset has been classified as a loss by internal or external review; and

the borrower has filed bankruptcy and the loss becomes evident owing to a lack of assets.

Acquired Loans

Loans acquired in connection with business combinations are recorded at their acquisition‑date fair value with no carry over of related allowance for credit losses. Any allowance for credit loss on these pools reflect only losses incurred after the acquisition (meaning the present value of all cash flows expected at acquisition that ultimately are not to be received). Determining the fair value of the acquired loans involves estimating the principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected on the loans and discounting those cash flows at a market rate of interest. Management considers a number of factors in evaluating the acquisition‑date fair value including the remaining life of the acquired loans, delinquency status, estimated prepayments, payment options and other loan features, internal risk grade, estimated value of the underlying collateral and interest rate environment.

Acquired loans that meet the criteria for nonaccrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing upon acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent, if we can reasonably estimate the timing and amount of the expected cash flows on such loans and if we expect to fully collect the new carrying value of the loans, including the impact of any accretable yield.

Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310‑30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality (ASC 310‑30) if, at acquisition, the loans have evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected. At acquisition, the Company considers several factors as indicator that an acquired loan has evidence of deterioration in credit quality. These factors include; loans 90 days or more past due, loans with an internal risk grade of substandard or below, loans classified as non‑accrual by the acquired institution, and loans that have been previously modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Under the ASC 310‑30 model, the excess of cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition over recorded fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is the interest component of expected cash flow. The accretable yield is recognized into income over the remaining life of the loan if the timing and/or amount of cash flows expected to be collected can be reasonably estimated (the accretion method). If the timing or amount of cash flows expected to be collected cannot be reasonably estimated, the cost recovery method of income recognition is used. The difference between the loan's total scheduled principal and interest payment over all cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition, considering the impact of prepayments, is referred to as the non‑accretable difference. The non‑accretable difference represents contractually required principal and interest payments which the Company does not expect to collect.

Over the life of the loan, management continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected. Decreases in expected cash flows are recognized as impairments through a charge to the provision for credit losses resulting in an increase in the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent improvements in cash flows result in first, reversal of existing valuation allowa,nces recognized subsequent to acquisition, if any, and next, an increase in the amount of accretable yield to be subsequently recognized as interest income on a prospective basis over the loan's remaining life.

Acquired loans that were not individually determined to be purchased with deteriorated credit quality are accounted for in accordance with ASC 310‑20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (ASC 310‑20), whereby the premium or discount derived from the fair market value adjustment, on a loan‑by‑loan or pooled basis, is recognized into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loan or pool.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

A loan is accounted for and reported as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when, for economic or legal reasons, we grant a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty that we would not otherwise consider. Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and works with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. A restructuring that results in only an insignificant delay in payment is not considered a concession. A delay may be considered insignificant if the payments subject to the delay are insignificant relative to the unpaid principal or collateral value and the contractual amount due, or the delay in timing of the restructured payment period is insignificant relative to the frequency of the payments, the debt’s original contractual maturity or original expected duration.

TDRs are designated as impaired loans because interest and principal payments will not be received in accordance with the original contract terms. TDRs that are performing and on accrual status as of the date of the modification remain on accrual status. TDRs that are nonperforming as of the date of modification generally remain as nonaccrual until the prospect of future payments in accordance with the modified loan agreement is reasonably assured, generally demonstrated when the borrower maintains compliance with the restructured terms for a predetermined period, normally at least six months. TDRs with temporary below-market concessions remain designated as a TDR and impaired regardless of the accrual or performance status until the loan is paid off. However, if the TDR loan has been modified in a subsequent restructure with market terms and the borrower is not currently experiencing financial difficulty, then the loan may be no longer designated as a TDR.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans Held for Sale:

These loans consist of loans made through Partners’ majority owned subsidiary Johnson Mortgage Company, LLC (“JMC”).

JMC is engaged in the mortgage brokerage business in which JMC originates, closes, and immediately sells mortgage loans and related servicing rights to permanent investors in the secondary market. JMC has written commitments from several permanent investors (large financial institutions) and only closes loans that meet the lending requirements of the permanent investors. Loans are made in connection with the purchase or refinancing of existing and new one-to-four family residences primarily in southeastern and northern Virginia. Loans are initially funded primarily by JMC’s lines of credit. With the concurrent sale and delivery of mortgage loans to the permanent investors, JMC records receivables for mortgage loans sold and recognizes the related gains and losses on such sales. The receivables for mortgage loans sold are usually satisfied within 30 days of sale, whereupon the related borrowings on the lines of credit are repaid. Because of the short holding period, these loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and no market adjustments were deemed necessary in the first quarter of 2020 or during 2019. JMC’s agreements with its permanent investors include provisions that could require JMC to repurchase loans under certain circumstances, and also provide for the assessment of fees if loans go into default or are refinanced within specified periods of time. JMC has never been required to repurchase a loan and no allowance has been made as of March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019 for possible repurchases. Management does not believe that a provision for early default or refinancing costs is necessary at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

JMC e,nters into commitments with its customers to originate loans where the interest rate on the loans is determined (locked) prior to funding. While this subjects JMC to the risk that interest rates may change from the commitment date to the funding date, JMC simultaneously enters into financial agreements (best efforts forward sales commitments) with its permanent investors giving JMC the right to deliver (put) loans to the investors at specified yields, thus enabling JMC to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates such that JMC is not subject to fluctuations in fair values of these agreements due to changes in interest rates. However, a default by a permanent investor required to purchase loans under such an agreement would expose JMC to potential fluctuation in selling prices of loans due to changes in interest rate. The fair value of rate lock commitments and forward sales commitments was considered immaterial at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Gains and losses on the sale of mortgages as well as origination fees, brokerage fees, interest rate lock-in fees and other fees paid by mortgagors are include in other income on the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO):

OREO comprises properties acquired in partial or total satisfaction of problem loans. The properties are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value at the date acquired. Losses arising at the time of acquisition of such properties are charged against the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent write‑downs that may be required and expenses of operation are included in other expenses. Gains and losses realized from the sale of OREO are included in other income. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 there were four properties with a combined estimated value of $2.4 million included in OREO.

Intangible Assets and Amortization

Intangible Assets and Amortization:

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company acquired Partners. ASC 350, Intangibles‑Goodwill and Other (ASC 350), prescribes accounting for intangible assets subsequent to initial recognition. Acquired intangible assets (such as core deposit intangibles) are separately recognized if the benefit of the assets can be sold, transferred, licensed, rented, or exchanged, and amortized over their useful lives. Intangible assets related to the acquisition are amortized (See Note 12 – Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further information).

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation

Accounting for Stock Based Compensation:

The Company follows ASC 718‑10, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ASC 718-10”) for accounting and reporting for stock‑based compensation plans. ASC 718‑10 defines a fair value at grant date to be used for measuring compensation expense for stock‑based compensation plans to be recognized in the statement of income.

During 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016‑10 Technical Corrections and Improvements, which replaced the definition of fair value previously used in ASC Topic 718 with the definition of fair value from ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement (“ASC Topic 820”). The amendments affecting ASC 718‑10 were effective and applied prospectively by the Company beginning January 1, 2016. Management believes the resulting change in fair value measurement methodology is immaterial to the financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share:

Basic earnings per common share are determined by dividing net income adjusted for preferred stock dividends declared and/or accumulated and accretion of warrants by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for each period, giving retroactive effect to stock splits and dividends. Weighted average common shares outstanding were 17,805,714 and 9,985,321 for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Calculations of diluted earnings per common share include the average dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding during the period, unless they are anti‑dilutive. Dilutive common equivalent shares consist of stock options calculated using the treasury stock method and restricted stock awards (See Note 8 – Earnings Per Share for further information).