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Reportable Segments
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 28, 2025
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reportable Segments Reportable Segments
We manage our operations under two reportable segments, GSG and CIG.
GSG provides high-end consulting and engineering services primarily to U.S. government clients (federal, state and local) and international development agencies worldwide. GSG supports U.S. government civilian and defense agencies with services in water, environment, sustainable infrastructure, information technology and disaster management. GSG provides engineering design services for U.S. based federal and municipal clients, especially in water infrastructure, flood protection and solid waste.
CIG provides high-end consulting and engineering services to U.S. commercial clients, and international clients, inclusive of the commercial and government sectors. CIG supports commercial clients worldwide in energy, industrial, high-
performance buildings and aerospace markets. CIG also provides sustainable infrastructure and related environmental, engineering and project management services to commercial and local government clients across Canada, in Asia Pacific (primarily Australia and New Zealand), Europe, the United Kingdom and South America (primarily Brazil).
Our Chief Executive Officer serves as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and is responsible for evaluating segment performance and allocating resources to our segments. The CODM assesses segment revenue and segment operating income on a monthly basis by comparing actual results against the annual plan. This evaluation supports strategic decisions related to segment profitability, resource allocation, pricing strategies, and cost optimization. The segment operating income is presented before amortization expense associated with acquisitions and other unallocated corporate costs. It is calculated as revenue less subcontractor costs, and other segment items including other costs of revenue and segment selling, general, and administrative expenses.
Certain expenses are not allocated to GSG and CIG segments for purposes of making operating decisions or evaluating financial performance and are reported under corporate expenses. These expenses include amortization of intangibles, goodwill impairment charges, contingent consideration gains and losses, acquisition and integration expenses, certain legal contingency costs, as well as other costs and benefits that our CODM deems to be enterprise in nature. Corporate expenses also include stock-based compensation expense related to corporate employees.
We account for inter-segment revenue and transfers as if they were to third parties; that is, by applying a negotiated fee onto the costs of the services performed. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Our CODM does not use assets by segment to evaluate performance or allocate resources; therefore, we do not provide disclosure of assets by segment. The accounting policies for segment reporting are the same as for our consolidated financial statements. The tables below present financial information of our reportable segments (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended September 28, 2025
 GSGCIGTotal
Revenue from external customers$2,637,426 $2,805,164 $5,442,590 
Inter-segment revenue36,483 39,483 75,966 
Segment revenue2,673,909 2,844,647 5,518,556 
Elimination of inter-segment revenue(75,966)
Total consolidated revenue5,442,590 
Subcontractor costs - external(504,644)(320,586)(825,230)
Subcontractor costs - inter-segment(39,483)(36,483)(75,966)
Segment subcontractor costs(544,127)(357,069)(901,196)
Elimination of inter-segment subcontractor costs75,966 
Total consolidated subcontractor costs(825,230)
Other segment items (1)
(1,789,231)(2,130,713)(3,919,944)
Segment operating income340,551 356,865 697,416 
Reconciliation of profit (segment operating income):
Legal contingency costs(115,000)
Impairment of goodwill(92,416)
Contingent consideration – fair value adjustments12,228 
Interest income9,837 
Interest expense(40,639)
Other corporate expenses (3)
(93,809)
Income before income tax expense$377,617 
Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2024
GSGCIGTotal
Revenue from external customers$2,445,746 $2,752,933 $5,198,679 
Inter-segment revenue37,609 33,798 71,407 
Segment revenue2,483,355 2,786,731 5,270,086 
Elimination of inter-segment revenue(71,407)
Total consolidated revenue5,198,679 
Subcontractor costs - external(539,579)(337,238)(876,817)
Subcontractor costs - inter-segment(33,798)(37,609)(71,407)
Segment subcontractor costs(573,377)(374,847)(948,224)
Elimination of inter-segment subcontractor costs71,407 
Total consolidated subcontractor costs(876,817)
Other segment items (1)
(1,628,952)(2,083,374)(3,712,326)
Segment operating income281,026 328,510 609,536 
Reconciliation of profit (segment operating income):
Acquisition and integration expenses(7,138)
Contingent consideration – fair value adjustments(2,541)
Interest income7,288 
Interest expense(44,559)
Other corporate expenses (3)
(99,120)
Income before income tax expense$463,466 
Fiscal Year Ended October 1, 2023
GSGCIGTotal
Revenue from external customers$2,128,330 $2,394,220 $4,522,550 
Inter-segment revenue30,559 30,429 60,988 
Segment revenue2,158,889 2,424,649 4,583,538 
Elimination of inter-segment revenue(60,988)
Total consolidated revenue4,522,550 
Subcontractor costs - external(493,020)(278,441)(771,461)
Subcontractor costs - inter-segment(30,429)(30,559)(60,988)
Segment subcontractor costs(523,449)(309,000)(832,449)
Elimination of inter-segment subcontractor costs60,988 
Total consolidated subcontractor costs(771,461)
Other segment items (1)(2)
(1,403,678)(1,871,899)(3,275,577)
Segment operating income231,762 243,750 475,512 
Reconciliation of profit (segment operating income):
Acquisition and integration expenses(28,105)
Right-of-use operating lease asset impairment(1,158)
Contingent consideration – fair value adjustments(12,255)
Interest income5,898 
Interest expense(52,435)
Other non-operating income89,402 
Other corporate expenses (3)
(75,881)
Income before income tax expense$400,978 
(1) These amounts include $3.0 million, $3.3 million and $3.3 million of GSG depreciation expense for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $17.8 million, $20.1 million and $16.3 million of CIG depreciation expense for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, our GSG other segment items include the equity in the net income of investees accounted for by the equity method of $1.1 million, $1.6 million and $2.8 million for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Our CIG other segment items also reflect the equity in the net income of investees accounted for by the equity method of $2.5 million, $3.3 million and $3.2 million for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(2) The fiscal 2023 amounts include lease impairment of $15.1 million ($6.8 million in GSG and $8.3 million in CIG) as well as acquisition and integration expenses of $5.1 million in CIG.
(3) Other corporate expenses include the amortization expense of intangible assets of $37.1 million, $50.0 million and $41.2 million for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts also include $19.3 million, $18.5 million and $16.4 million of stock-based compensation expense for fiscal 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
The table below presents revenue by geographic area (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
Revenue:September 28,
2025		September 29,
2024		October 1, 2023
United States$3,445,844 $3,198,823 $2,863,635 
United Kingdom771,723 711,617 601,157 
Australia489,102 529,114 449,507 
Canada512,295 498,575 436,222 
Others223,626 260,550 172,029 
Total $5,442,590 $5,198,679 $4,522,550 

Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and exclude other assets, operating lease assets, goodwill, intangible assets and deferred tax assets. The following table presents long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):
 Fiscal Year Ended
Long-lived assets:September 28,
2025		September 29,
2024
United States$15,675 $17,612 
United Kingdom20,756 19,503 
Australia10,793 11,990 
Netherlands8,932 12,371 
Canada7,181 8,177 
Others2,811 3,412 
Total $66,148 $73,065