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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make informed estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses. These amounts may materially differ from the amounts ultimately realized and reported due to the inherent uncertainty of any estimate or assumption. On an on-going basis, our management evaluates (as applicable) its most critical estimates and assumptions, including those described below:
(i) Revenue Recognition
We recognize ROLVEDON revenue in accordance with ASC 606 – Revenue from contracts with customers. Our revenue recognition analysis consists of the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods are performance obligations, including whether they are capable of being distinct; (iii)
measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue as we satisfy each performance obligation.

ROLVEDON became available for commercial sale and shipment to patients with a prescription in the U.S. in the fourth quarter of 2022. We sell our products to pharmaceutical wholesalers/distributors (i.e., our customers) who in turn sell our products directly to clinics, hospitals, and federal healthcare programs. Revenue from our product sales is recognized as physical delivery of product occurs (when our customer obtains control of the product), in return for agreed-upon consideration.

The transaction price that we recognize for ROLVEDON revenue is our gross product sales reduced by our corresponding gross-to-net (“GTN”) estimates using the expected value method, resulting in our reported “net sales” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Net sales reflects the amount we ultimately expect to realize in net cash proceeds, taking into account our current period gross sales and related cash receipts, and the subsequent cash disbursements on these sales that we estimate for the various GTN categories discussed below. These estimates are based upon information received from external sources (such as written or oral information obtained from our customers with respect to their period-end inventory levels and sales to end-users during the period), in combination with management’s informed judgments. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, the actual amount incurred (of some, or all) of product returns, government chargebacks, prompt pay discounts, commercial rebates, Medicaid rebates, and distribution, data, and GPO administrative fees may be above or below the amount estimated, then requiring prospective adjustments to our reported net sales.
These GTN estimate categories (that comprise our GTN liabilities) are each discussed below:
Product Returns Allowances: Our customers are contractually permitted to return certain purchased products within the contractual allowable time before/after the applicable expiration date. Returns outside of this aforementioned criteria are not customarily allowed. We estimate expected product returns using our expected return rates. Returned product is typically destroyed since substantially all are due to imminent expiry and cannot be resold.
Government Chargebacks: Our product is subject to pricing limits under certain federal government programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid, and 340B Drug Pricing Program). Qualifying entities (i.e., end-users) purchase products from our customers at their qualifying discounted price. The chargeback amount we incur represents the difference between our contractual sales price to our customer, and the end-user’s applicable discounted purchase price under the government program. There may be significant lag time between our reported net product sales and our receipt of the corresponding government chargeback claims from our customers.
Prompt Pay Discounts: Discounts for prompt payment are estimated at the time of sale, based on our eligible customers’ prompt payment history and the contractual discount percentage.
Commercial Rebates: Commercial rebates are based on (i) our estimates of end-user purchases through a GPO, (ii) the corresponding contractual rebate percentage tier we expect each GPO to achieve, and (iii) our estimates of the impact of any prospective rebate program changes made by us.
Medicaid Rebates: Our product is subject to state government-managed Medicaid programs, whereby rebates are issued to participating state governments. These rebates arise when a patient treated with our product is covered under Medicaid, resulting in a discounted price for our product under the applicable Medicaid program. Our Medicaid rebate accrual calculations require us to project the magnitude of our sales, by state, that will be subject to these rebates. There is a significant time lag in our receiving rebate notices from each state (generally several months or longer after our sale is recognized). Our estimates are based on our historical claim levels of similar products by state, as supplemented by management’s judgment.
Distribution, Data, and GPO Administrative Fees: Distribution, data, and GPO administrative fees are paid to authorized wholesalers/distributors of our products for various commercial services including: contract administration, inventory management, delivery of end-user sales data, and product returns processing. These fees are based on a contractually-determined percentage of our applicable sales.
(ii) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank deposits and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less from the purchase date.
(iii) Marketable Securities
Marketable securities consist of our holdings in equity securities (including mutual funds), bank CDs, government-related debt securities, and corporate debt securities. For equity securities and mutual funds, any realized or unrealized gains (losses) are recognized in “other income (expense), net” within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Debt securities and bank CDs are classified as “available-for-sale” investments and (1) realized gains (losses) are recognized in “other income (expense), net” within the Consolidated Statements of Operations and (2) unrealized gains (losses) are recognized as a component of “accumulated other comprehensive loss” within the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.
(iv) Accounts Receivable, net
In general, accounts receivable consists of amounts due from customers, net of customer allowances for cash discounts, product returns and chargebacks. As of December 31, 2022, these allowances amounted to $1.3 million. Our contracts with customers have standard payment terms. As of December 31, 2022, the majority of our sales were to the top three wholesalers. We analyze accounts that are past due for collectability, and regularly evaluate the creditworthiness of our customers so that we can properly assess and respond to changes in their credit profiles. As of December 31, 2022, we determined an allowance for expected credit losses related to outstanding accounts receivable was currently not required based upon our review of contractual payment terms and individual customer circumstances.
(v) Inventory
We value our inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory cost is determined on a first-in, first-out basis. We regularly review our inventory quantities and when appropriate record a provision for obsolete and excess inventory to derive its new cost basis, which takes into account our sales forecast and corresponding expiry dates. We have not recognized a provision for obsolete and excess inventory as of December 31, 2022.
We received FDA approval for ROLVEDON on September 9, 2022, and on that date began capitalizing inventory purchases of saleable product from certain suppliers. Prior to FDA approval, all saleable product purchased from such suppliers were included as a component of research and development expense, as we were unable to assert that the inventory had future economic benefit until we had received FDA approval. Prior to FDA approval, costs estimated at approximately $5.7 million for commercially saleable product and materials were incurred and included in research and development expenses. If we were to have included those costs previously expensed as a component of cost of sales, our cost of sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 would have been $3.0 million. As a result, cost of sales related to ROLVEDON will initially reflect a lower average per unit cost of materials over the next approximately nine months as previously expensed inventory is utilized for commercial production and sold to customers.
(vi) Property and Equipment, Net
Our property and equipment, net, is stated at historical cost, and is depreciated on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life that corresponds with its designated asset category. We evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets (which includes property and equipment) whenever events or changes in circumstances in our business indicate that the asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset group. An impairment loss would be recorded for the excess of net carrying value over the fair value of the asset impaired. The fair value is estimated based on expected discounted future cash flows or other methods such as orderly liquidation value based on assumptions of asset class and observed market data.
(vii) Cost of Sales
Cost of sales includes the cost of the inventory sold, which includes direct manufacturing, production and packaging materials, shipping expenses, and royalty fees owed to our licensing partner for ROLVEDON sales. Prior to FDA approval in September 2022, we expensed approximately $5.7 million in costs associated with the manufacturing of ROLVEDON as a component of research and development expense. Therefore these costs are not included in cost of sales.
(viii) Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards granted to our employees and members of our Board of Directors is recognized on a straight-line basis over each award’s vesting period. Recognized compensation expense is net of an estimated forfeiture rate, representing the percentage of awards that are expected to be forfeited prior to vesting, and is ultimately adjusted
for actual forfeitures. We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and stock appreciation rights (as of the date of grant) that have service conditions for vesting.
The recognition of stock-based compensation expense and the initial calculation of stock option fair value requires certain assumptions, including (a) the pre-vesting forfeiture rate of the award, (b) the expected term that the stock option will remain outstanding, (c) our stock price volatility over the expected term (and that of our designated peer group with respect to certain market-based awards), (d) zero dividend yield, and (e) the prevailing risk-free interest rate for the period matching the expected term.
With regard to (a)-(e) above: we estimate forfeiture rates based on our employees’ overall forfeiture history, which we believe will be representative of future results. We estimate the expected term of stock options granted based on our employees’ historical exercise patterns, which we believe will be representative of their future behavior. We estimate the volatility of our common stock on the date of grant based on the historical volatility of our common stock for a look-back period that corresponds with the expected term. We estimate the risk-free interest rate based upon the U.S. Department of the Treasury yields in effect at award grant, for a period equaling the expected term of the stock option and we estimate a zero dividend yield.
Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, the actual amounts incurred may be above or below the amount estimated, then requiring prospective adjustments to our stock-based compensation expense.
(ix) Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share
We calculate basic and diluted net loss per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. In periods of a net loss, basic and diluted loss per share is the same. For the diluted earnings per share calculation, we adjust the weighted average number of common shares outstanding to include only stock options, warrants, and other common stock equivalents outstanding during the period to the extent that they are dilutive.
There were 22.3 million shares and 13.5 million shares of outstanding securities (including stock options, restricted stock units, unvested restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, warrants and performance awards) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.
(x) Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the financial statements, as well as operating losses and tax credit carry forwards using enacted tax rates and laws that are expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings, the timing and amount of which are uncertain.
Our effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily as a result of nondeductible expenses and the impact of a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, which we record because we believe that, based upon a weighting of positive and negative factors, it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will not be realized. If/when we were to determine that our deferred tax assets are realizable, an adjustment to the corresponding valuation allowance would increase our net income or reduce our net loss in the period that such determination was made.
In the event that we are assessed interest and/or penalties from taxing authorities that have not been previously accrued, such amounts would be included in “provision for income taxes from continuing operations” within the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period in which we received the notice.
(xi) Research and Development Expenses
Our research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries, benefits, and other staff-related costs including associated stock-based compensation, laboratory supplies, clinical trial and related clinical manufacturing costs, costs related to manufacturing preparations, fees paid to other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on our behalf and payments made pursuant to license agreements. Clinical trial and other development costs incurred by third parties are expensed as the contracted work is performed. We accrue for costs incurred as the services are being provided by monitoring the status of activities and the invoices received from our external service providers. We adjust our accruals as actual costs become known. Where contingent milestone payments are due to third parties under research and development or license agreements, the milestone payment obligations are expensed in the earliest period that we determine the respective milestone achievement is probable or has occurred.
(xii) Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the Term Loan is classified on the consolidated balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability. These expenses are deferred and amortized as part of interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations using the effective interest rate method over the term of the debt agreement. Refer to Note 5 for additional information on the Term Loan.
(xiii) Fair Value Measurements
We determine measurement-date fair value based on the proceeds that would be received through the sale of the asset, or that we would pay to settle or transfer the liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible. Fair value measurements are based on a three-tier hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. These tiers include the following:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are publicly accessible at the measurement date.
Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but that are corroborated by market data. These inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or quoted market prices in markets that are not active to the general public.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.
(xiv) Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2022, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. This standard clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. This standard becomes effective for us on January 1, 2024, and is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
There are several other new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), which we do not believe had or will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.