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COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Commitments and Guarantees [Abstract]  
Commitments and Guarantees
COMMITMENTS AND GUARANTEES
Operating Leases.  FCX leases various types of properties, including offices and equipment. A summary of future minimum rentals under non-cancelable leases at December 31, 2011, follows:
2012
$
24

2013
18

2014
15

2015
15

2016
12

Thereafter
116

Total payments
$
200

 
 

Minimum payments under operating leases have not been reduced by aggregate minimum sublease rentals, which are minimal. Total aggregate rental expense under operating leases was $70 million in 2011, $64 million in 2010 and $74 million in 2009.

Contractual Obligations.  Based on applicable prices at December 31, 2011, FCX has unconditional purchase obligations of $2.1 billion, primarily comprising the procurement of copper concentrates and cathodes ($1.1 billion), electricity ($338 million), transportation services ($293 million) and oxygen ($128 million) that are essential to its operations worldwide. Some of FCX’s unconditional purchase obligations are settled based on the prevailing market rate for the service or commodity purchased. In some cases, the amount of the actual obligation may change over time because of market conditions. Obligations for copper concentrates and cathodes provide for deliveries of specified volumes, at market-based prices, to Atlantic Copper and the North America copper mines. Electricity obligations are primarily for contractual minimum demand at the South America and Tenke Fungurume mines. Transportation obligations are primarily for South America contracted ocean freight and for North America rail freight. Oxygen obligations provide for deliveries of specified volumes, at fixed prices, primarily to Atlantic Copper.

FCX’s future commitments associated with unconditional purchase obligations total $1.3 billion in 2012, $311 million in 2013, $86 million in 2014, $61 million in 2015, $52 million in 2016 and $237 million thereafter. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, FCX fulfilled its minimum contractual purchase obligations or negotiated settlements in those situations in which it terminated an agreement containing an unconditional obligation.

Mining Contracts.  Indonesia. FCX is entitled to mine in Indonesia under the Contract of Work between PT Freeport Indonesia and the Government of Indonesia. The original Contract of Work was entered into in 1967 and was replaced with a new Contract of Work in 1991. The initial term of the current Contract of Work expires in 2021, but can be extended by PT Freeport Indonesia for two 10-year periods, subject to Indonesian government approval, which pursuant to the Contract of Work cannot be withheld or delayed unreasonably. Given the importance of contracts of work under the Indonesian legal system and PT Freeport Indonesia’s approximately 40 years of working with the Indonesian government, which included entering into the Contract of Work in 1991 well before the expiration of the 1967 Contract of Work, PT Freeport Indonesia fully expects that the government will approve the extensions as long as it continues to comply with the terms of the Contract of Work.

In July 2004, FCX received a request from the Indonesian Department of Energy and Mineral Resources that it offer to sell shares in PT Indocopper Investama to Indonesian nationals at fair market value. In response to this request and in view of the potential benefits of having additional Indonesian ownership in the operations, FCX agreed, at the time, to consider a potential sale of an interest in PT Indocopper Investama at fair market value. Neither its Contract of Work nor Indonesian law requires FCX to divest any portion of its ownership in PT Freeport Indonesia or PT Indocopper Investama. In May 2008, FCX signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Papua provincial government (the Province) whereby the parties agreed to work cooperatively to determine the feasibility of an acquisition by the Province of the PT Indocopper Investama shares at market value.

The copper royalty rate payable by PT Freeport Indonesia under its Contract of Work varies from 1.5 percent of copper net revenue at a copper price of $0.90 or less per pound to 3.5 percent at a copper price of $1.10 or more per pound. The Contract of Work royalty rate for gold and silver sales is at a fixed rate of 1.0 percent.

A large part of the mineral royalties under Government of Indonesia regulations is designated to the provinces from which the minerals are extracted. In connection with its fourth concentrator mill expansion completed in 1998, PT Freeport Indonesia agreed to pay the Government of Indonesia additional royalties (royalties not required by the Contract of Work) to provide further support to the local governments and the people of the Indonesian province of Papua. The additional royalties are paid on production exceeding specified annual amounts of copper, gold and silver expected to be generated when PT Freeport Indonesia’s milling facilities operate above 200,000 metric tons of ore per day. The additional royalty for copper equals the Contract of Work royalty rate, and for gold and silver equals twice the Contract of Work royalty rates. Therefore, PT Freeport Indonesia’s royalty rate on copper net revenues from production above the agreed levels is double the Contract of Work royalty rate, and the royalty rates on gold and silver sales from production above the agreed levels are triple the Contract of Work royalty rates.

The combined royalties, including the additional royalties that became effective January 1, 1999, totaled $137 million in 2011, $156 million in 2010 and $147 million in 2009.

In 2009, Indonesia enacted a new mining law, which will operate under a licensing system as opposed to the contract of work system that applies to PT Freeport Indonesia. In 2011 and 2010, the Government of Indonesia promulgated regulations under the 2009 mining law and certain provisions that address existing contracts of work. The laws and regulations provide that contracts of work will continue to be honored until their expiration. However, the regulations attempt to apply certain provisions of the new law to existing contracts of work and may seek to apply the licensing system to any extension periods of contract of work, even though PT Freeport Indonesia’s Contract of Work provides for two 10-year extension periods, subject to Indonesian government approval, which pursuant to the Contract of Work cannot be withheld or delayed unreasonably. In February 2012, a new regulation was adopted that would require mining companies in Indonesia to process all minerals domestically and possibly ban export of concentrates and other unrefined minerals. However, PT Freeport Indonesia's existing Contract of Work includes specific provisions that define PT Freeport Indonesia's rights to export product and obligate it to develop domestic smelting facilities, if commercially feasible, or to contract with other domestic smelters on a market basis. In connection with the obligations under its Contract of Work, in 1995, PT Freeport Indonesia constructed the only copper smelter and refinery in Indonesia (which is owned and operated by PT Smelting - refer to Note 2 for further discussion).

Indonesian government officials have periodically undertaken reviews regarding our compliance with Indonesian environmental laws and regulations and the terms of the Contracts of Work. In January 2012, the President of Indonesia issued a decree calling for the creation of a team to evaluate contracts of work for adjustment to the 2009 Mining Law, and accordingly, to take steps to assess and negotiate size of work areas, government revenues, and domestic processing of minerals. The team's assignment runs through December 2013 and the group is expected to provide progress reports to the President every six months. FCX intends to continue to work cooperatively with the Government of Indonesia to complete this review and to seek extension of the Contract of Work beyond 2021, as provided under the terms of the Contract of Work. The Contract of Work can only be modified by mutual agreement between PT Freeport Indonesia and the Government of Indonesia.

Africa. FCX is entitled to mine in the DRC under an Amended and Restated Mining Convention (ARMC) between TFM and the Government of the DRC. The original Mining Convention was entered into in 1996, was replaced with the ARMC in 2005 and further amended in 2011. The current ARMC will remain in effect for as long as the Tenke Fungurume concession is exploitable. The royalty rate payable by TFM under the ARMC is 2 percent of net revenue. These mining royalties totaled $24 million in 2011, $20 million in 2010 and $7 million in 2009.

In February 2008, the Ministry of Mines, Government of the DRC, sent a letter seeking comment on proposed material modifications to the mining contracts for the Tenke Fungurume concession, including the amount of
transfer payments payable to the government, the government’s percentage ownership and involvement in the management of the mine, regularization of certain matters under DRC law and the implementation of social plans. In October 2010, the Government of the DRC concluded its review of TFM’s existing mining contracts and confirmed that they are in good standing. TFM’s key fiscal terms, including a 30 percent income tax rate, a 2 percent mining royalty rate and a 1 percent export fee, will continue to apply and are consistent with the rates in the DRC’s current Mining Code. In connection with the review, TFM made several commitments, which have been reflected in amendments to its mining contracts, including (1) an increase in the ownership interest of La Générale des Carrières et des Mines (Gécamines), which is wholly owned by the government of the DRC, from 17.5 percent (non-dilutable) to 20.0 percent (non-dilutable), resulting in a decrease of FCX’s effective ownership interest from 57.75 percent to 56.0 percent and Lundin Mining Corporation’s effective ownership interest from 24.75 percent percent to 24.0 percent; (2) an additional royalty of $1.2 million for each 100,000 metric tons of proven and probable copper reserves above 2.5 million metric tons at the time new reserves are established by FCX; (3) additional payments totaling $30 million to be paid in six equal installments of $5 million upon reaching certain production milestones; (4) conversion of $50 million in intercompany loans to equity; (5) a payment of approximately $5 million for surface area fees and ongoing surface area fees of approximately $0.8 million annually; (6) incorporating clarifying language stating that TFM’s rights and obligations are governed by its ARMC; and (7) expanding Gécamines’ participation in TFM management. TFM has also reiterated its commitment to the use of local services and DRC employment. In connection with the modifications, the annual interest rate on advances from TFM shareholders increases from a rate of LIBOR plus 2 percent to LIBOR plus 6 percent. In December 2010, the addenda to TFM’s ARMC and Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement were signed by the parties. In March 2011, the amendments were approved by a ministerial council, and a Presidential Decree, signed by the President and Prime Minister of the DRC, was issued in April 2011. In addition, the change in FCX’s effective ownership interest in the Tenke Fungurume minerals district and the conversion of intercompany loans to equity will be effected after receiving the required government approval of the modifications to TFM’s bylaws that reflect the agreement with the Government of the DRC.

Community Development Programs.  FCX has adopted policies that govern its working relationships with the communities where it operates. These policies are designed to guide its practices and programs in a manner that respects basic human rights and the culture of the local people impacted by FCX’s operations. FCX continues to make significant expenditures on community development, education, training and cultural programs.

In 1996, PT Freeport Indonesia established the Freeport Partnership Fund for Community Development (Partnership Fund) through which PT Freeport Indonesia has made available funding and technical assistance to support community development initiatives in the area of health, education and economic development of the area. PT Freeport Indonesia has committed through 2016 to provide one percent of its annual revenue for the development of the local people in its area of operations through the Partnership Fund. PT Freeport Indonesia charged $50 million in 2011, $64 million in 2010 and $59 million in 2009 to cost of sales for this commitment.

During 2006, the Peruvian government announced that all mining companies operating in Peru would be required to make annual contributions to local development funds for a five-year period (covering the years 2006 through 2010) when copper prices exceeded certain levels that were adjusted annually. The contribution, which expired in 2010, was equal to 3.75 percent of after-tax profits, of which 2.75 percent was contributed to a local mining fund and 1.00 percent to a regional mining fund. The charge to cost of sales for these local mining fund contributions totaled $41 million in 2010 and $28 million in 2009. Cerro Verde's final contribution to these funds was made in early 2011.

TFM has committed to assist the communities living within its concession in the Katanga province of the DRC. TFM will contribute 0.3 percent of net sales revenue from production to a community development fund to assist the local communities with development of local infrastructure and related services, such as those pertaining to health, education and economic development. TFM charged $4 million in 2011, $3 million in 2010 and $1 million in 2009 to cost of sales for this commitment.

Guarantees.  FCX provides certain financial guarantees (including indirect guarantees of the indebtedness of others) and indemnities.

At its Morenci mine in Arizona, FCX has a venture agreement dated February 7, 1986, with Sumitomo, which includes a put and call option guarantee clause. FCX holds an 85 percent undivided interest in the Morenci complex. Under certain conditions defined in the venture agreement, Sumitomo has the right to sell its 15 percent share to FCX. Likewise, under certain conditions, FCX has the right to purchase Sumitomo’s share of the venture. At December 31, 2011, the maximum potential payment FCX is obligated to make to Sumitomo upon exercise of the put option (or FCX’s exercise of its call option) totaled approximately $123 million based on calculations defined in the venture agreement. At December 31, 2011, FCX had not recorded any liability in its consolidated financial statements in connection with this guarantee as FCX does not believe, based on information available, that it is probable that any amounts will be paid under this guarantee as the fair value of Sumitomo’s 15 percent share is in excess of the exercise price.

Prior to its acquisition by FCX, FMC and its subsidiaries have, as part of merger, acquisition, divestiture and other transactions, from time to time, indemnified certain sellers, buyers or other parties related to the transaction from and against certain liabilities associated with conditions in existence (or claims associated with actions taken) prior to the closing date of the transaction. As part of these transactions, FMC indemnified the counterparty from and against certain excluded or retained liabilities existing at the time of sale that would otherwise have been transferred to the party at closing. These indemnity provisions generally now require FCX to indemnify the party against certain liabilities that may arise in the future from the pre-closing activities of FMC for assets sold or purchased. The indemnity classifications include environmental, tax and certain operating liabilities, claims or litigation existing at closing and various excluded liabilities or obligations. Most of these indemnity obligations arise from transactions that closed many years ago, and given the nature of these indemnity obligations, it is impossible to estimate the maximum potential exposure. Except as described in the following sentence, FCX does not consider any of such obligations as having a probable likelihood of payment that is reasonably estimable, and accordingly, has not recorded any obligations associated with these indemnities. With respect to FCX’s environmental indemnity obligations, any expected costs from these guarantees are accrued when potential environmental obligations are considered by management to be probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated.