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LOANS
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
LOANS  
LOANS

12.    LOANS

        Citigroup loans are reported in two categories—Consumer and Corporate. These categories are classified primarily according to the segment and subsegment that manages the loans.

Consumer Loans

        Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by the Global Consumer Banking and Local Consumer Lending businesses. The following table provides information by loan type:

In millions of dollars   Mar. 31,
2012
  Dec. 31,
2011
 

Consumer loans

             

In U.S. offices

             

Mortgage and real estate(1)

  $ 136,325   $ 139,177  

Installment, revolving credit, and other

    14,942     15,616  

Cards

    110,049     117,908  

Commercial and industrial

    4,796     4,766  

Lease financing

        1  
           

 

  $ 266,112   $ 277,468  
           

In offices outside the U.S.

             

Mortgage and real estate(1)

  $ 53,652   $ 52,052  

Installment, revolving credit, and other

    35,813     34,613  

Cards

    39,319     38,926  

Commercial and industrial

    20,830     19,975  

Lease financing

    757     711  
           

 

  $ 150,371   $ 146,277  
           

Total Consumer loans

  $ 416,483   $ 423,745  

Net unearned income (loss)

    (380 )   (405 )
           

Consumer loans, net of unearned income

  $ 416,103   $ 423,340  
           

(1)
Loans secured primarily by real estate.

        During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011, the Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $0.6 billion and $6.9 billion, respectively, of Consumer loans. The Company did not have significant purchases of Consumer loans during the three months ended March 31, 2012 or March 31, 2011.

        Citigroup has a comprehensive risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Consumer loan portfolio. Included in the loan table above are lending products whose terms may give rise to additional credit issues.

        Credit cards with below-market introductory interest rates and interest-only loans are examples of such products. However, these products are closely managed using appropriate credit techniques that mitigate their additional inherent risk. Credit quality indicators that are actively monitored include delinquency status, consumer credit scores (FICO), and loan to value (LTV) ratios, each as discussed in more detail below.

Delinquency Status

        Delinquency status is carefully monitored and considered a key indicator of credit quality. Substantially all of the U.S. residential first mortgage loans use the MBA method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the end of the day immediately preceding the loan's next due date. All other loans use the OTS method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the close of business on the loan's next due date. As a general rule, residential first mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans are classified as non-accrual when loan payments are 90 days contractually past due. Credit cards and unsecured revolving loans generally accrue interest until payments are 180 days past due. Commercial market loans are placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due.

        The policy for re-aging modified U.S. Consumer loans to current status varies by product. Generally, one of the conditions to qualify for these modifications is that a minimum number of payments (typically ranging from one to three) be made. Upon modification, the loan is re-aged to current status. However, re-aging practices for certain open-ended Consumer loans, such as credit cards, are governed by Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidelines. For open-ended Consumer loans subject to FFIEC guidelines, one of the conditions for the loan to be re-aged to current status is that at least three consecutive minimum monthly payments, or the equivalent amount, must be received. In addition, under FFIEC guidelines, the number of times that such a loan can be re-aged is subject to limitations (generally once in 12 months and twice in five years). Furthermore, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans are modified under those respective agencies' guidelines, and payments are not always required in order to re-age a modified loan to current.

        The following tables provide details on Citigroup's Consumer loan delinquency and non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at March 31, 2012

In millions of dollars   Total
current(1)(2)
  30-89 days
past due(3)
  ³ 90 days
past due(3)
  Past due
Government
guaranteed(4)
  Total
loans(2)
  Total
non-accrual
  90 days past due
and accruing
 

In North America offices

                                           

Residential first mortgages

  $ 80,290   $ 3,166   $ 4,269   $ 6,565   $ 94,290   $ 4,321   $ 5,120  

Home equity loans(5)

    40,224     750     928         41,902     1,713      

Credit cards

    106,724     1,940     1,890         110,554         1,890  

Installment and other

    14,571     279     227         15,077     411     8  

Commercial market loans

    6,969     9     174         7,152     189     11  
                               

Total

  $ 248,778   $ 6,144   $ 7,488   $ 6,565   $ 268,975   $ 6,634   $ 7,029  
                               

In offices outside North America

                                           

Residential first mortgages

  $ 44,972   $ 581   $ 502       $ 46,055   $ 780   $  

Home equity loans(5)

    6         2         8     2      

Credit cards

    37,643     971     801         39,415     501     516  

Installment and other

    28,311     553     203         29,067     281      

Commercial market loans

    31,580     75     143         31,798     441      
                               

Total

  $ 142,512   $ 2,180   $ 1,651       $ 146,343   $ 2,005   $ 516  
                               

Total GCB and LCL

  $ 391,290   $ 8,324   $ 9,139   $ 6,565   $ 415,318   $ 8,639   $ 7,545  

Special Asset Pool (SAP)

    730     10     45         785     110      
                               

Total Citigroup

  $ 392,020   $ 8,334   $ 9,184   $ 6,565   $ 416,103   $ 8,749   $ 7,545  
                               

(1)
Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.

(2)
Includes $1.3 billion of residential first mortgages recorded at fair value.

(3)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities.

(4)
Consists of residential first mortgages that are guaranteed by U.S. government entities that are 30-89 days past due of $1.3 billion and ³ 90 days past due of $5.1 billion.

(5)
Fixed rate home equity loans and loans extended under home equity lines of credit which are typically in junior lien positions.

Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2011

In millions of dollars   Total
current(1)(2)
  30-89 days
past due(3)
  ³ 90 days
past due(3)
  Past due
Government
guaranteed(4)
  Total
loans(2)
  Total
non-accrual
  90 days past due
and accruing
 

In North America offices

                                           

Residential first mortgages

  $ 80,929   $ 3,550   $ 4,273   $ 6,686   $ 95,438   $ 4,328   $ 5,054  

Home equity loans(5)

    41,579     868     1,028         43,475     988      

Credit cards

    114,022     2,344     2,058         118,424         2,058  

Installment and other

    15,215     340     222         15,777     438     10  

Commercial market loans

    6,643     15     207         6,865     220     14  
                               

Total

  $ 258,388   $ 7,117   $ 7,788   $ 6,686   $ 279,979   $ 5,974   $ 7,136  
                               

In offices outside North America

                                           

Residential first mortgages

  $ 43,310   $ 566   $ 482   $   $ 44,358   $ 744   $  

Home equity loans(5)

    6         2         8     2      

Credit cards

    38,289     930     785         40,004     496     490  

Installment and other

    26,300     528     197         27,025     258      

Commercial market loans

    30,491     79     127         30,697     401      
                               

Total

  $ 138,396   $ 2,103   $ 1,593   $   $ 142,092   $ 1,901   $ 490  
                               

Total GCB and LCL

  $ 396,784   $ 9,220   $ 9,381   $ 6,686   $ 422,071   $ 7,875   $ 7,626  

Special Asset Pool (SAP)

    1,193     29     47         1,269     115      
                               

Total Citigroup

  $ 397,977   $ 9,249   $ 9,428   $ 6,686   $ 423,340   $ 7,990   $ 7,626  
                               

(1)
Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.

(2)
Includes $1.3 billion of residential first mortgages recorded at fair value.

(3)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities.

(4)
Consists of residential first mortgages that are guaranteed by U.S. government entities that are 30-89 days past due of $1.6 billion and ³ 90 days past due of $5.1 billion.

(5)
Fixed rate home equity loans and loans extended under home equity lines of credit which are typically in junior lien positions.

Consumer Credit Scores (FICO)

        In the U.S., independent credit agencies rate an individual's risk for assuming debt based on the individual's credit history and assign every consumer a credit score. These scores are often called "FICO scores" because most credit bureau scores used in the U.S. are produced from software developed by Fair Isaac Corporation. Scores range from a high of 900 (which indicates high credit quality) to 300. These scores are continually updated by the agencies based upon an individual's credit actions (e.g., taking out a loan or missed or late payments).

        The following table provides details on the FICO scores attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer loan portfolio as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (commercial market loans are not included in the table since they are business-based and FICO scores are not a primary driver in their credit evaluation). FICO scores are updated monthly for substantially all of the portfolio or, otherwise, on a quarterly basis.

 
  March 31, 2012  
FICO score distribution in U.S. portfolio(1)(2)
In millions of dollars
  Less than
620
  ³ 620 but less
than 660
  Equal to or
greater
than 660
 

Residential first mortgages

  $ 19,723   $ 8,604   $ 52,727  

Home equity loans

    6,529     3,628     29,717  

Credit cards

    9,120     10,582     86,349  

Installment and other

    4,631     2,473     5,585  
               

Total

  $ 40,003   $ 25,287   $ 174,378  
               

(1)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities, loans subject to LTSCs with U.S. government-sponsored entities and loans recorded at fair value.

(2)
Excludes balances where FICO was not available. Such amounts are not material.

 
  December 31, 2011  
FICO score distribution in U.S. portfolio(1)(2)
In millions of dollars
  Less than
620
  ³ 620 but less
than 660
  Equal to or
greater
than 660
 

Residential first mortgages

  $ 20,370   $ 8,815   $ 52,839  

Home equity loans

    6,385     3,596     31,389  

Credit cards

    9,621     10,905     93,234  

Installment and other

    3,789     2,858     6,704  
               

Total

  $ 40,165   $ 26,174   $ 184,166  
               

(1)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities, loans subject to LTSCs with U.S. government-sponsored entities and loans recorded at fair value.

(2)
Excludes balances where FICO was not available. Such amounts are not material.

Loan to Value Ratios (LTV)

        Loan to value (LTV) ratios (loan balance divided by appraised value) are calculated at origination and updated by applying market price data.

        The following tables provide details on the LTV ratios attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer mortgage portfolios as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011. LTV ratios are updated monthly using the most recent Core Logic HPI data available for substantially all of the portfolio applied at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level, if available; otherwise, at the state level. The remainder of the portfolio is updated in a similar manner using the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight indices.

 
  March 31, 2012  
LTV distribution in U.S. portfolio(1)(2)
In millions of dollars
  Less than or
equal to 80%
  > 80% but less
than or equal to
100%
  Greater
than
100%
 

Residential first mortgages

  $ 35,583   $ 20,160   $ 25,293  

Home equity loans

    11,816     9,426     18,464  
               

Total

  $ 47,399   $ 29,586   $ 43,757  
               

(1)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities, loans subject to LTSCs with U.S. government-sponsored entities and loans recorded at fair value.

(2)
Excludes balances where LTV was not available. Such amounts are not material.

 
  December 31, 2011  
LTV distribution in U.S. portfolio(1)(2)
In millions of dollars
  Less than or
equal to 80%
  > 80% but less
than or equal to
100%
  Greater
than
100%
 

Residential first mortgages

  $ 36,422   $ 21,146   $ 24,425  

Home equity loans

    12,724     10,232     18,226  
               

Total

  $ 49,146   $ 31,378   $ 42,651  
               

(1)
Excludes loans guaranteed by U.S. government entities, loans subject to LTSCs with U.S. government-sponsored entities and loans recorded at fair value.

(2)
Excludes balances where LTV was not available. Such amounts are not material.

Impaired Consumer Loans

        Impaired loans are those for which Citigroup believes it is probable that it will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan. Impaired Consumer loans include non-accrual commercial market loans as well as smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the borrower's financial difficulties and Citigroup has granted a concession to the borrower. These modifications may include interest rate reductions and/or principal forgiveness. Impaired Consumer loans exclude smaller-balance homogeneous loans that have not been modified and are carried on a non-accrual basis. In addition, impaired Consumer loans exclude substantially all loans modified pursuant to Citi's short-term modification programs (i.e., for periods of 12 months or less) that were modified prior to January 1, 2011.

        Effective in the third quarter of 2011, as a result of adopting ASU 2011-02, certain loans modified under short-term programs since January 1, 2011 that were previously measured for impairment under ASC 450 are now measured for impairment under ASC 310-10-35. At the end of the first interim period of adoption (September 30, 2011), the recorded investment in receivables previously measured under ASC 450 was $1,170 million and the allowance for credit losses associated with those loans was $467 million. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of this change.

        The following tables present information about total impaired Consumer loans at and for the periods ending March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2012 and March 31, 2011 for interest income recognized on impaired Consumer loans:

Impaired Consumer Loans

 
  March 31, 2012   Three Months
Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
  Three Months
Ended
Mar. 31, 2011
 
In millions of dollars   Recorded
investment(1)(2)
  Unpaid
principal
balance
  Related specific
allowance(3)
  Average
carrying value(4)
  Interest
income
recognized(5)(6)
  Interest
income
recognized(5)(6)
 

Mortgage and real estate

                                     

Residential first mortgages

  $ 19,076   $ 20,561   $ 2,995   $ 19,087   $ 215   $ 201  

Home equity loans

    1,706     1,821     1,149     1,763     15     12  

Credit cards

    5,971     6,031     2,788     6,465     87     97  

Installment and other

                                     

Individual installment and other

    2,208     2,209     937     2,472     69     71  

Commercial market loans

    531     769     71     523     4     9  
                           

Total(7)

  $ 29,492   $ 31,391   $ 7,940   $ 30,310   $ 390   $ 390  
                           

(1)
Recorded investment in a loan includes net deferred loan fees and costs, unamortized premium or discount and direct write-downs and includes accrued interest only on credit card loans.

(2)
$929 million of residential first mortgages, $61 million of home equity loans and $203 million of commercial market loans do not have a specific allowance.

(3)
Included in the Allowance for loan losses.

(4)
Average carrying value represents the average recorded investment ending balance for last four quarters and does not include related specific allowance.

(5)
Includes amounts recognized on both an accrual and cash basis.

(6)
Cash interest receipts on smaller-balance homogeneous loans are generally recorded as revenue. The interest recognition policy for commercial market loans is identical to that for Corporate loans, as described below.

(7)
Prior to 2008, the Company's financial accounting systems did not separately track impaired smaller-balance, homogeneous Consumer loans whose terms were modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties and it was determined that a concession was granted to the borrower. Smaller-balance consumer loans modified since January 1, 2008 amounted to $29.0 billion at March 31, 2012. However, information derived from Citi's risk management systems indicates that the amounts of outstanding modified loans, including those modified prior to 2008, approximated $30.0 billion at March 31, 2012.

 
  December 31, 2011  
In millions of dollars   Recorded
investment(1)(2)
  Unpaid
principal balance
  Related specific
allowance(3)
  Average
carrying value(4)
 

Mortgage and real estate

                         

Residential first mortgages

  $ 19,616   $ 20,803   $ 3,404   $ 18,642  

Home equity loans

    1,771     1,823     1,252     1,680  

Credit cards

    6,695     6,743     3,122     6,542  

Installment and other

                         

Individual installment and other

    2,264     2,267     1,032     2,644  

Commercial market loans

    517     782     75     572  
                   

Total(7)

  $ 30,863   $ 32,418   $ 8,885   $ 30,080  
                   

(1)
Recorded investment in a loan includes net deferred loan fees and costs, unamortized premium or discount and direct write-downs and includes accrued interest only on credit card loans.

(2)
$858 million of residential first mortgages, $16 million of home equity loans and $182 million of commercial market loans do not have a specific allowance.

(3)
Included in the Allowance for loan losses.

(4)
Average carrying value represents the average recorded investment ending balance for last four quarters and does not include related specific allowance.

(5)
Includes amounts recognized on both an accrual and cash basis.

(6)
Cash interest receipts on smaller-balance homogeneous loans are generally recorded as revenue. The interest recognition policy for commercial market loans is identical to that for Corporate loans, as described below.

(7)
Prior to 2008, the Company's financial accounting systems did not separately track impaired smaller-balance, homogeneous Consumer loans whose terms were modified due to the borrowers' financial difficulties and it was determined that a concession was granted to the borrower. Smaller-balance consumer loans modified since January 1, 2008 amounted to $30.3 billion at December 31, 2011. However, information derived from Citi's risk management systems indicates that the amounts of outstanding modified loans, including those modified prior to 2008, approximated $31.5 billion at December 31, 2011.

Consumer Troubled Debt Restructurings

        The following tables present TDRs occurring during the three -month periods ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

March 31, 2012:

In millions of dollars except number of
loans modified
  Number of
loans modified
  Pre-modification
recorded
investment
  Post-modification
recorded
investment(1)
  Deferred
principal(2)
  Contingent
principal
forgiveness(3)
  Principal
forgiveness
  Average
interest rate
reduction
 

North America

                                           

Residential first mortgages

    5,618   $ 744   $ 746   $   $   $ 11     3 %

Home equity loans

    2,655     109     107             2     4  

Credit cards

    65,236     345     345                 17  

Installment and other revolving

    19,817     147     146                 6  

Commercial markets(4)

    35     2                      
                               

Total

    93,361   $ 1,347   $ 1,344   $   $   $ 13        
                               

International

                                           

Residential first mortgages

    587   $ 35   $ 34   $   $   $ 1     1 %

Home equity loans

    16     1     1                  

Credit cards

    53,171     147     145                 30  

Installment and other revolving

    12,153     77     76                 17  

Commercial markets(4)

    20     15                 1      
                               

Total

    65,947   $ 275   $ 256   $   $   $ 2        
                               

(1)
Post-modification balances include past due amounts that are capitalized at modification date.

(2)
Represents portion of loan principal that is non-interest bearing but still due from borrower. Effective in the first quarter of 2012, such deferred principal is charged off at the time of modification to the extent that the related loan balance exceeds the underlying collateral value. A significant amount of the reported balances have been charged off.

(3)
Represents portion of loan principal that is non-interest bearing and, depending upon borrower performance, eligible for forgiveness.

(4)
Commercial markets loans are generally borrower-specific modifications and incorporate changes in the amount and/or timing of principal and/or interest.

March 31, 2011:

In millions of dollars except
number of loans modified
  Number of
loans modified
  Pre-modification
recorded
investment
  Post-modification
recorded
investment(1)
  Deferred
principal(2)
  Contingent
principal
forgiveness(3)
  Principal
forgiveness
  Average
interest rate
reduction
 

North America

                                           

Residential first mortgages

    10,116   $ 1,569   $ 1,627   $ 39   $ 13   $     2 %

Home equity loans

    6,562     361     362     13             4  

Credit cards

    211,881     1,258     1,253                 19  

Installment and other revolving

    29,787     230     228                 4  

Commercial markets(4)

    298     21                      
                               

Total

    258,644   $ 3,439   $ 3,470   $ 52   $ 13   $        
                               

International

                                           

Residential first mortgages

    1,511   $ 76   $ 74   $   $   $ 2     1 %

Home equity loans

    19     1     1                  

Credit cards

    70,962     190     188             1     20  

Installment and other revolving

    38,919     177     172             4     8  

Commercial markets(4)

    3     3                      
                               

Total

    111,414   $ 447   $ 435   $   $   $ 7        
                               

(1)
Post-modification balances include past due amounts that are capitalized at modification date.

(2)
Represents portion of loan principal that is non-interest bearing but still due from borrower. Effective in the first quarter of 2012, such deferred principal is charged off at the time of modification to the extent that the related loan balance exceeds the underlying collateral value. A significant amount of the reported balances have been charged off.

(3)
Represents portion of loan principal that is non-interest bearing and, depending upon borrower performance, eligible for forgiveness.

(4)
Commercial markets loans are generally borrower-specific modifications and incorporate changes in the amount and/or timing of principal and/or interest.

        The following table presents TDR loans that defaulted during the first three months of 2012 and 2011, respectively, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification.

In millions of dollars 

  March 31,
 2012(1)
 
  March 31,
 2011(1)
 
 

North America

             

Residential first mortgages

  $ 412   $ 437  

Home equity loans

    29     25  

Credit cards

    165     469  

Installment and other revolving

    33     19  

Commercial markets(1)

         
           

Total

  $ 639   $ 950  
           

International

             

Residential first mortgages

  $ 11   $ 36  

Home equity loans

        1  

Credit cards

    51     116  

Installment and other revolving

    38     83  

Commercial markets(1)

         
           

Total

  $ 100   $ 236  
           

(1)
Default is defined as 60 days past due, except for classifiably managed commercial markets loans, where default is defined as 90 days.

Corporate Loans

        Corporate loans represent loans and leases managed by ICG or the SAP. The following table presents information by Corporate loan type as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

In millions of dollars   Mar. 31,
2012
  Dec. 31,
2011
 

Corporate

             

In U.S. offices

             

Commercial and industrial

  $ 22,746   $ 21,667  

Loans to financial institutions

    36,303     33,265  

Mortgage and real estate(1)

    22,270     20,698  

Installment, revolving credit and other

    9,501     15,011  

Lease financing

    1,278     1,270  
           

 

  $ 92,098   $ 91,911  
           

In offices outside the U.S.

             

Commercial and industrial

  $ 83,951   $ 79,764  

Installment, revolving credit and other

    15,341     14,114  

Mortgage and real estate(1)

    6,974     6,885  

Loans to financial institutions

    32,280     29,794  

Lease financing

    566     568  

Governments and official institutions

    1,497     1,576  
           

 

  $ 140,609   $ 132,701  
           

Total Corporate loans

  $ 232,707   $ 224,612  

Net unearned income (loss)

    (788 )   (710 )
           

Corporate loans, net of unearned income

  $ 231,919   $ 223,902  
           

(1)
Loans secured primarily by real estate.

        During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $925 million and $2,145 million, respectively, of held-for-investment Corporate loans. The Company did not have significant purchases of loans classified as held-for-investment for the period ended March 31, 2012.

        Corporate loans are identified as impaired and placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due, except when the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. Any interest accrued on impaired Corporate loans and leases is reversed at 90 days and charged against current earnings, and interest is thereafter included in earnings only to the extent actually received in cash. When there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of principal, all cash receipts are thereafter applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan. While Corporate loans are generally managed based on their internally assigned risk rating (see further discussion below), the following tables present delinquency information by Corporate loan type as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at March 31, 2012

In millions of dollars   30-89 days
past due
and accruing(1)
  ³ 90 days
past due and
accruing(1)
  Total past due
and accruing
  Total
non-accrual(2)
  Total
current(3)
  Total
loans
 

Commercial and industrial

  $ 60   $ 9   $ 69   $ 1,228   $ 104,122   $ 105,419  

Financial institutions

                615     66,286     66,901  

Mortgage and real estate

    202     128     330     942     27,843     29,115  

Leases

    2         2     11     1,831     1,844  

Other

    110     6     116     177     24,917     25,210  

Loans at fair value

                                  3,430  
                           

Total

  $ 374   $ 143   $ 517   $ 2,973   $ 224,999   $ 231,919  
                           

(1)
Corporate loans that are greater than 90 days past due are generally classified as non-accrual. Corporate loans are considered past due when principal or interest is contractually due but unpaid.

(2)
Citi generally does not manage Corporate loans on a delinquency basis. Non-accrual loans generally include those loans that are ³ 90 days past due or those loans for which Citi believes, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful.

(3)
Corporate loans are past due when principal or interest is contractually due but unpaid. Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.

Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2011

In millions of dollars   30-89 days
past due
and accruing(1)
  ³ 90 days
past due and
accruing(1)
  Total past due
and accruing
  Total
non-accrual(2)
  Total
current(3)
  Total
loans
 

Commercial and industrial

  $ 93   $ 30   $ 123   $ 1,144   $ 98,968   $ 100,235  

Financial institutions

        2     2     779     60,762     61,543  

Mortgage and real estate

    224     125     349     1,029     26,107     27,485  

Leases

    3     11     14     13     1,811     1,838  

Other

    225     15     240     271     28,351     28,862  

Loans at fair value

                                  3,939  
                           

Total

  $ 545   $ 183   $ 728   $ 3,236   $ 215,999   $ 223,902  
                           

(1)
Corporate loans that are greater than 90 days past due are generally classified as non-accrual. Corporate loans are considered past due when principal or interest is contractually due but unpaid.

(2)
Citi generally does not manage Corporate loans on a delinquency basis. Non-accrual loans generally include those loans that are ³ 90 days past due or those loans for which Citi believes, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful.

(3)
Corporate loans are past due when principal or interest is contractually due but unpaid. Loans less than 30 days past due are presented as current.

        Citigroup has established a risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Corporate loan portfolio. As part of its risk management process, Citi assigns numeric risk ratings to its Corporate loan facilities based on quantitative and qualitative assessments of the obligor and facility. These risk ratings are reviewed at least annually or more often if material events related to the obligor or facility warrant. Factors considered in assigning the risk ratings include: financial condition of the obligor, qualitative assessment of management and strategy, amount and sources of repayment, amount and type of collateral and guarantee arrangements, amount and type of any contingencies associated with the obligor, and the obligor's industry and geography.

        The obligor risk ratings are defined by ranges of default probabilities. The facility risk ratings are defined by ranges of loss norms, which are the product of the probability of default and the loss given default. The investment grade rating categories are similar to the category BBB-/Baa3 and above as defined by S&P and Moody's. Loans classified according to the bank regulatory definitions as special mention, substandard and doubtful will have risk ratings within the non-investment grade categories.

Corporate Loans Credit Quality Indicators at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011

 
  Recorded investment in loans(1)  
In millions of dollars   March 31,
2012
  December 31,
2011
 

Investment grade(2)

             

Commercial and industrial

  $ 69,895   $ 67,919  

Financial institutions

    56,658     53,482  

Mortgage and real estate

    11,767     10,068  

Leases

    1,202     1,161  

Other

    22,591     24,129  
           

Total investment grade

  $ 162,113   $ 156,759  
           

Non-investment grade(2)

             

Accrual

             

Commercial and industrial

  $ 34,296   $ 31,172  

Financial institutions

    9,628     7,282  

Mortgage and real estate

    3,477     3,672  

Leases

    631     664  

Other

    2,442     4,462  

Non-accrual

             

Commercial and industrial

    1,228     1,144  

Financial institutions

    615     779  

Mortgage and real estate

    942     1,029  

Leases

    11     13  

Other

    177     271  
           

Total non-investment grade

  $ 53,447   $ 50,488  
           

Private Banking loans managed on a

             

delinquency basis(2)

  $ 12,929   $ 12,716  

Loans at fair value

    3,430     3,939  
           

Corporate loans, net of unearned income

  $ 231,919   $ 223,902  
           

(1)
Recorded investment in a loan includes net deferred loan fees and costs, unamortized premium or discount, less any direct write-downs.

(2)
Held-for-investment loans accounted for on an amortized cost basis.

        Corporate loans and leases identified as impaired and placed on non-accrual status are written down to the extent that principal is judged to be uncollectible. Impaired collateral-dependent loans and leases, where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value, less cost to sell. Cash-basis loans are returned to an accrual status when all contractual principal and interest amounts are reasonably assured of repayment and there is a sustained period of repayment performance, generally six months, in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.

        The following tables present non-accrual loan information by Corporate loan type at March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and interest income recognized on non-accrual Corporate loans for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively:

Non-Accrual Corporate Loans

 
  At and for the three months ended March 31, 2012  
In millions of dollars   Recorded
investment(1)
  Unpaid
principal balance
  Related specific
allowance
  Average
carrying value(2)
  Interest income
recognized
 

Non-accrual Corporate loans

                               

Commercial and industrial

  $ 1,228   $ 1,571   $ 182   $ 1,267   $ 7  

Loans to financial institutions

    615     807     25     940      

Mortgage and real estate

    942     1,312     158     1,264     18  

Lease financing

    11     19         17      

Other

    177     369     54     316     1  
                       

Total non-accrual Corporate loans

  $ 2,973   $ 4,078   $ 419   $ 3,804   $ 26  
                       

 

 
  At and for the three months ended December 31, 2011  
In millions of dollars   Recorded
investment(1)
  Unpaid
principal balance
  Related specific
allowance
  Average
carrying value(3)
 

Non-accrual Corporate loans

                         

Commercial and industrial

  $ 1,144   $ 1,538   $ 186   $ 1,448  

Loans to financial institutions

    779     1,213     20     1,060  

Mortgage and real estate

    1,029     1,240     151     1,485  

Lease financing

    13     21         25  

Other

    271     476     63     416  
                   

Total non-accrual Corporate loans

  $ 3,236   $ 4,488   $ 420   $ 4,434  
                   

 

In millions of dollars   Three Months
Ended Mar. 31,
2011
 

Interest income recognized

  $ 13  
       

 

 
  March 31, 2012   December 31, 2011  
In millions of dollars   Recorded
investment(1)
  Related specific
allowance
  Recorded
investment(1)
  Related specific
allowance
 

Non-accrual Corporate loans with valuation allowances

                         

Commercial and industrial

  $ 500   $ 182   $ 501   $ 186  

Loans to financial institutions

    56     25     68     20  

Mortgage and real estate

    548     158     540     151  

Other

    124     54     130     63  
                   

Total non-accrual Corporate loans with specific allowance

  $ 1,228   $ 419   $ 1,239   $ 420  
                   

Non-accrual Corporate loans without specific allowance

                         

Commercial and industrial

  $ 728         $ 643        

Loans to financial institutions

    559           711        

Mortgage and real estate

    394           489        

Lease financing

    11           13        

Other

    53           141        
                   

Total non-accrual Corporate loans without specific allowance

  $ 1,745     N/A   $ 1,997     N/A  
                   

(1)
Recorded investment in a loan includes net deferred loan fees and costs, unamortized premium or discount, less any direct write-downs.

(2)
Average carrying value represents the average recorded investment balance and does not include related specific allowance.

(3)
Average carrying value does not include related specific allowance.

N/A Not Applicable

Corporate Troubled Debt Restructurings

        The following tables provide details on TDR activity and default information as of and for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.

        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three-month period ended March 31, 2012.

In millions of dollars   Carrying
Value
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
principal payments(1)
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
interest payments(2)
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
both principal and
interest payments
  Balance of
principal forgiven
or deferred
  Net
P&L
impact(3)
 

Commercial and industrial

  $ 17   $ 17   $   $   $   $ 1  

Loans to financial institutions

                         

Mortgage and real estate

    61     60         1          

Other

                         
                           

Total

  $ 78   $ 77   $   $ 1   $   $ 1  
                           

(1)
TDRs involving changes in the amount or timing of principal payments may involve principal forgiveness or deferral of periodic and/or final principal payments.

(2)
TDRs involving changes in the amount or timing of interest payments may involve a below-market interest rate.

(3)
Balances reflect charge-offs and reserves recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2012 on loans subject to a TDR during the period then ended.

        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three-month period ended March 31, 2011.

In millions of dollars   Carrying
Value
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
principal payments(1)
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
interest payments(2)
  TDRs
involving changes
in the amount
and/or timing of
both principal and
interest payments
  Balance of
principal forgiven
or deferred
  Net
P&L
impact(3)
 

Commercial and industrial

  $   $   $   $   $   $  

Loans to financial institutions

                         

Mortgage and real estate

    227     2         225     3     37  

Other

                         
                           

Total

  $ 227   $ 2   $   $ 225   $ 3   $ 37  
                           

(1)
TDRs involving changes in the amount or timing of principal payments may involve principal forgiveness or deferral of periodic and/or final principal payments.

(2)
TDRs involving changes in the amount or timing of interest payments may involve a below-market interest rate.

(3)
Balances reflect charge-offs and reserves recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2011 on loans subject to a TDR during the period then ended.

        The following table presents total corporate loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring at March 31, 2012 and 2011, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification.

In millions of dollars   TDR Balances at
March 31, 2012
  TDR Loans in
payment default
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012(1)
  TDR Balances at
March 31, 2011
  TDR Loans in
payment default
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2011(1)
 

Commercial and industrial

  $ 272   $   $ 412   $  

Loans to financial institutions

    551         375      

Mortgage and real estate

    120         583      

Other

    20         33      
                   

Total Corporate Loans modified in TDRs

  $ 963   $   $ 1,403   $  
                   

(1)
Payment default constitutes failure to pay principal or interest when due per the contractual terms of the loan.